cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Forest management planning technology issues posed by climate change

Given the widespread attention paid to global climate change over the last decade or so, a potential need has arisen to develop forest management plans for broad areas that address vulnerabilities and complexities in the environment with respect to potential changes in air temperature and precipitation patterns. These planning issues include recognizing potential range shifts in forest vegetation, changes in land uses, and changes in the growth and yield of forest tree species, particularly along the leading or trailing edges of the shifting ranges. In addition to assessing traditional forestry concerns (production, sustainability, fragmentation, and ecosystem health), planning processes will likely one day incorporate natural disturbance regimes and the impacts of invasive species. As these are often unpredictable events, planning processes will therefore probably have numerous stochastic processes that suggest the use of simulation models rather than the more popular deterministic mathematical programmi...
Towards scalable delivery of video streams to heterogeneous receivers

The required real-time and high-rate transfers for multimedia data severely limit the number of requests that can be serviced concurrently by Video-on-Demand (VOD) servers. Resource sharing techniques can be used to address this problem. We study how VOD servers can support heterogeneous receivers while delivering data in a client-pull fashion using enhanced resource sharing. We propose three hybrid solutions. The first solution simply combines existing resource sharing techniques and deals with clients as two bandwidth classes. The other two solutions, however, classify clients into multiple bandwidth classes and service them accordingly by capturing the proposed ideas of Adaptive Stream Merging or Enhanced Adaptive Stream Merging, respectively. We also discuss how scheduling policies can be adapted to the heterogeneous environment so as to exploit the variations in client bandwidth. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and analyze various scheduling policies through extensive simulation.
Empirically Based Treatments for Maltreated Children: A Developmental Perspective

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the use of empirically-based treatments with maltreated children. The value of using an empirically-based or empirically-supported treatment is now widely acknowledged, and so the number of interventions with empirical support is increasing. In order to avoid being outdated before publishing the chapter, we decided to describe the disruptive effects of child maltreatment on children’s development, then select a small number of empirically based treatments that we believe address key issues in infancy, toddlerhood and young childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Therefore, this chapter will provide an overview of the effects of child maltreatment on developing children, with an emphasis on common maladaptive responses to abuse and neglect. This is followed by descriptions of several well-researched interventions that have the greatest utility for each distinct phase of child development.
The Metacognitive Imperative

This book chapter elucidates why metacognition is a seminal pedagogical principle of legal research instruction and information literacy. This begins with a holistic definition of metacognition as the ability to assess, not only the result of a research activity, but the schemata, including the processes leading to the result; and then relating this to other concepts and principles applicable to legal education. It then explains why students’ development of metacognitive abilities is an imperative to legal information literacy and other signature pedagogies currently under development. The relationship of metacognition to the pedagogical underpinnings and objectives of the Carnegie Report is highlighted. The chapter concludes with sample lesson plans and activities by which instructors and librarians can foster the acquisition of metacognition skills.
Enhanced structural color generation in aluminum metamaterials coated with a thin polymer layer

A high-resolution and angle-insensitive structural color generation platform is demonstrated based on triple-layer aluminum-silica-aluminum metamaterials supporting surface plasmon resonances tunable across the entire visible spectrum. The color performances of the fabricated aluminum metamaterials can be strongly enhanced by coating a thin transparent polymer layer on top. The results show that the presence of the polymer layer induces a better impedance matching for the plasmonic resonances to the free space so that strong light absorption can be obtained, leading to the generation of pure colors in cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) with high color saturation.
Morality Shifting: How Consumer Preferences Influence Moral Judgments of Corporate Misconduct

ABSTRACTIn two experiments, we apply theories and methods from moral psychology to understand consumers' moral judgments of corporations and the unconscious processes that guide them. Study 1 shows cola-brand preference influences self-reported judgments of corporate misconduct, such that judgments are less severe for ingroup- (vs. outgroup-) brand corporations. Study 2 replicates Study 1 as well as uses implicit measures to provide evidence for the morality-shifting hypothesis (i.e., the notion that consumers intuitively reframe the foundations underlying moral judgments as a function of brand identification). Discussion centers on implications for understanding consumer's moral judgments as well as for promotion management.
Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Gene Expression in Primary Effusion Lymphomas Containing Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus-8

Primary effusion (body cavity-based) lymphoma (PEL) is a recently recognized subtype of malignant lymphoma that exhibits distinctive clinical and biological features, most notably its usual infection with the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The vast majority of cases also contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This dual viral infection is the first example of a consistent dual herpesviral infection in a human neoplasm and provides a unique model to study viral interactions. We analyzed the pattern of EBV latent gene expression to determine the pathogenic role of this agent in PELs. We examined five PELs coinfected with EBV and KSHV by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. EBER1 mRNA, a consistent marker of viral latency, was positive in all PEL cases, although at lower levels than in the non-PEL controls due to EBER1 expression by only a variable subset of lymphoma cells. Qp-initiated mRNA, encoding only EBNA1 and characteristic of latencies I and II, was positive in all PEL cases. Wp- and Cp-initiated mRNAs, encoding all EBNAs and characteristic of latency III, were negative in all cases. LMP1 mRNA, expressed in latencies II and III, was present in three cases of PEL, although at very low levels that were not detectable at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Low levels of LMP2A mRNA were detected in all cases. BZLF1, an early-intermediate lytic phase marker, was weakly positive in four cases, suggesting a productive viral infection in a very small proportion of cells, which was confirmed by ZEBRA antigen expression. Therefore, PELs exhibit a restricted latency pattern, with expression of EBNA1 in all cases, and low LMP1 and LMP2A levels.
HELPING BEHAVIOR IN POLICE OFFICERS AND REASONS FOR CHOICE OF CAREER

Recent research has indicated that many police officers are motivated in their choice of law enforcement as a career by the opportunity to help others (Lester, et al., 1980). To explore helping disposition in police officers, 33 male state police officers (M,,, = 32.2, SD = 4.0) and 53 municipal police officers (M,,, = 34.5, SD = 5.6) were given anonymously the Severy (1975) Helping Dispositions Scale and a list of 15 reasons for becoming a police officer (Lester, 1983). The reasons form three clusters: pay and security, power and status, and service. Scores on the Helping Dispositions Scale were not related to being a state versus a municipal police officer, to rank (detective versus patrolman or trooper), years of police work, or size of the police department. Older police officers obtained a lower Helping Disposition score ( r = -0.20, n = 86, one-tailed p < 0.05 ). Police officers obtained a higher Helping Disposition score if they more highly rated the reasons for becoming police officers of power and status ( 7 = 0.23, p < 0.05) and of service ( r = 0.29, p < 0.01), but not of pay and security ( r = 0.01) .2 These associations were stronger for the state police officers than for the municipal police officers. A Helping Disposition was related to the reasons for becoming a police officer.
54 PRONOUNCED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE FOLLOWING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INJURY.

Introduction Neurocognitive decline (NCD) is a common complication in cardiac surgical patients. Its pathophysiology remains unknown, leading to significant morbidity particularly in the elderly. We studied the inflammatory response and CRP in relation to NCD following cardiopulmonary bypass and correlated this to a marker of axonal central nervous system (CNS) injury. Methods Prospective cohort of 43 low-risk patients undergoing CABG and/or valve procedures using cardiopulmonary bypass were administered a neurocognitive battery preoperatively, postoperatively at day 4, and at 3 months. Battery consisted of eight validated assessments covering memory, executive function, naming, attention, fluency, and premorbid intelligence. Following published STS Consensus Statement, NCD was defined as 1 SD from baseline on $ 25% of tasks. CRP, interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and IL-10 were quantified from serum with high sensitivity immunoassay and fold change (FC) calculated between preoperative/postoperative samples at 6 hours. Increase of serum tau protein after surgery (dichotomous) was used as marker of axonal CNS damage. Results Cohort had an NCD rate of 45% (mean age 72 ± 3.6 years). Baseline characteristics and known predictors of NCD such as age, education level, and perioperative temperature were not significantly different between patients with/without NCD. Patients with NCD had significantly higher increase of CRP, IL-1b, and IL-10 compared to those without NCD as described in the table 9 below. Serum tau protein increase was significantly correlated to NCD. Conclusions Increased CRP and inflammatory response perioperatively is associated with NCD in patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. Inflammation plays a key role in NCD pathophysiology, likely via axonal CNS injury, and could become a target for prevention.
Indigenous Peoples, Climate Change Loss and Damage, and the Responsibility of Settler States

Indigenous peoples must adapt to a number of losses and damages from climate change impacts that threaten to harm their cultural and political self-determination. Industrial settler states, such as the U.S. or Canada, have responsibilities to indigenous peoples to address loss and damage that flow from how their industrial activities have factored into anthropogenic climate change. This essay describes two kinds of responsibility, impending and pending. Impending responsibility requires settler states to live up to the ramifications of developmental paths that they continue to pursue and that are at odds with indigenous cultural and political self- determination. Yet concepts of impending responsibility can tend to propose solutions that remain silent on the underlying political relations between indigenous peoples and settler states that threaten the viability of such solutions. Pending responsibility demands that settler states acknowledge that today’s political relations with indigenous peoples descend from structures of settler colonialism designed to limit indigenous adaptation to environmental change. Pending responsibility requires settler states to engage in a long needed process of political reconciliation with indigenous peoples that would radically restructure such political relations in ways that are flexible enough to facilitate styles of indigenous adaptation that accord with indigenous cultural and political self-determination.
Cardiovascular Safety Assessment in Early-Phase Clinical Studies: A Meta-Analytical Comparison of Exposure-Response Models

Exposure-response analysis of QT interval in clinical studies has been proposed as a thorough QT study alternative. Many exposure-response model structures have been proposed for cardiovascular (CV) safety markers, but few studies have compared models across multiple drugs. To recommend preferred drug-effect exposure-response models on vital signs and electrocardiogram (ECG) intervals, an individual-level model-based meta-analysis (39 studies and 1,291 subjects) compared 90 model structures. Models were selected to describe the data and cross-validate studies on the same drug. The most commonly selected baseline model was an unstructured model (estimation of a value at each study nominal time) for all measures but blood pressure. The unstructured model estimated a better cross-validated drug-effect when considering all markers. A linear model was the most commonly selected to characterize drug-effect on all markers. We propose these models as a starting point assisting with CV safety exposure-response assessment in nondedicated small studies with healthy subjects.
Stretching Every Dollar: The Impact of Personal Financial Stress on the Enrollment Behaviors of Working and Nonworking Community College Students.

ABSTRACTUsing 1,400 survey responses collected from two large urban community college systems in Texas, this study examined how students’ financial habits, stress, and well-being influenced their enrollment behaviors. Working students, compared to their nonworking peers, reported significantly lower levels of overall financial well-being. After controlling for other relevant predictors of persistence, regression results showed that students with lower financial well-being and higher financial stress were more likely to doubt their ability to complete college. Results for the restricted sample of working students revealed a strong relationship between a student’s financial well-being and stress. These students also reported having to reduce their semester course load and/or stopping out for a semester in order to work more hours to pay for expenses. These findings suggest that initiatives aimed at helping students improve their financial literacy and money management skills may be an effective, yet underut...
Bayesian inference on partially linear mixed-effects joint models for longitudinal data with multiple features

The relationship between viral load and CD4 cell count is one of the interesting questions in AIDS research. Statistical models are powerful tools for clarifying this important problem. Partially linear mixed-effects (PLME) model which accounts for the unknown function of time effect is one of the important models for this purpose. Meanwhile, the mixed-effects modeling approach is suitable for the longitudinal data analysis. However, the complex process of data collection in clinical trials has made it impossible to rely on one particular model to address the issues. Asymmetric distribution, measurement error and left censoring are features commonly arisen in longitudinal studies. It is crucial to take into account these features in the modeling process to achieve reliable estimation and valid conclusion. In this article, we establish a joint model that accounts for all these features in the framework of PLME models. A Bayesian inferential procedure is proposed to estimate parameters in the joint model. A real data example is analyzed to demonstrate the proposed modeling approach for inference and the results are reported by comparing various scenarios-based models.
Toward a Theory of Digital Cities

Chapter 3: Toward a Theory of Digital Cities articulates how thick mapping of urban areas through digital projects realizes theoretical insights on the interdisciplinarity of the urban phenomenon in concrete ways. Discussion builds from Henri Lefebvre’s work on the levels (and dimensions) of the urban to re-incorporate the urban temporality at the heart of the urban experience. Here the digital humanist concepts of thick mapping and deep maps — as explored in a number of recent laudable and high-profile publications — are interrogated for both their interdisciplinary bias and their potential to think more broadly about cities. In this way, the theory of digital cities returns the twenty-first-century city to its roots in nineteenth-century urban modernity and brings this Palgrave Pivot project full circle.
The left ventricular ostium: an anatomic concept relevant to idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias.

Received June 17, 2008; accepted September 4, 2008. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) arising from the left ventricle (LV) are often accessible for catheter ablation from the aortic sinuses of Valsalva or adjacent to the mitral annulus (MA).1 The aortic and mitral valves are direct apposition and attach to an elliptical opening at the base of the LV known as the LV ostium.2 The VAs arising from this region are being increasingly recognized as targets for catheter ablation.3–7 This review describes the anatomic features of the LV ostium and the electrocardiographic, electrophysiological, and angiographic characteristics that are relevant to the mapping and ablation of these arrhythmias. The dominant central structure of the heart is the junction of the aorta with the LV. Fundamental for understanding idiopathic VAs arising near the aortic and mitral valves are 2 concepts: first, these arrhythmias arise from the LV ostium (Figure 1); and second, the LV ostium is covered by the aorto-ventricular membrane, a tough fibrous structure which is perforated by the aorta anteriorly and the mitral valve (MV) posteriorly (Figure 2). The anatomic concept of the LV ostium and its covering, the aorto-ventricular membrane, are based on the pioneering work of McAlpine.2 Figure 1. The left ventricular ostium (postero-cranial view). The left panel includes the aortic root with the right coronary sinus (R), left coronary sinus (L), and noncoronary sinus (N). In the right panel, the root of the aorta has been removed to demonstrate the elliptical ostium of the left ventricle (LV) with the junction of the right coronary cusp (RCC), left coronary cusp (LCC), and LV summit demonstrated. APM indicates anterior papillary muscle; LA, left atrium; LAFT, left anterior fibrous trigone; LFT, left fibrous trigone; L-RCC, the junction between the LCC and RCC; PPM, posterior papillary muscle; PSP, postero-superior …
Moving a Paralyzed Hand—A Biomedical Big Data Success Story

Ian Burkhart was paralyzed during a vacation to the Outer Banks of North Carolina in June of 2010 when he collided with a sandbar while diving into incoming waves and suffered a spinal cord injury....
Controlled Natural Languages for Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Controlled natural languages (CNLs) are effective languages for knowledge representation and reasoning. They are designed based on certain natural languages with restricted lexicon and grammar. CNLs are unambiguous and simple as opposed to their base languages. They preserve the expressiveness and coherence of natural languages. In this paper, it mainly focuses on a class of CNLs, called machine-oriented CNLs, which have well-defined semantics that can be deterministically translated into formal languages to do logical reasoning. Although a number of machine-oriented CNLs emerged and have been used in many application domains for problem solving and question answering, there are still many limitations: First, CNLs cannot handle inconsistencies in the knowledge base. Second, CNLs are not powerful enough to identify different variations of a sentence and therefore might not return the expected inference results. Third, CNLs do not have a good mechanism for defeasible reasoning. This paper addresses these three problems and proposes a research plan for solving these problems. It also shows the current state of research: a paraconsistent logical framework from which six principles that guide the user to encode CNL sentences were created. Experiment results show this paraconsistent logical framework and these six principles can consistently and effectively solve word puzzles with injections of inconsistencies.
Pluronic based β-cyclodextrin polyrotaxanes for treatment of Niemann-Pick Type C disease

Niemann-Pick Type C disease (NPC) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by disruption of normal cholesterol trafficking within the cells of the body. There are no FDA approved treatments available for NPC patients. Recently, the cycloheptaglucoside 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) has shown efficacy as a potential NPC therapeutic by extending lifetime in NPC mice, delaying neurodegeneration, and decreasing visceral and neurological cholesterol burden. Although promising, systemic HP-β-CD treatment is limited by a pharmacokinetic profile characterized by rapid loss through renal filtration. To address these shortcomings, we sought to design a family of HP-β-CD pro-drug delivery vehicles, known as polyrotaxanes (PR), capable of increasing the efficacy of a given injected dose by improving both pharmacokinetic profile and bioavailability of the HP-β-CD agent. PR can effectively diminish the cholesterol pool within the liver, spleen, and kidney at molar concentrations 10-to-100-fold lower than monomeric HP-β-CD. In addition to this proof-of-concept, use of PR scaffolds with differing physiochemical properties reveal structure-activity relationships in which PR characteristics, including hydrophobicity, threading efficiency and surface charge, were found to both decisively and subtly effect therapeutic efficacy. PR scaffolds exhibit absorption, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution patterns that are significantly altered from monomeric HP-β-CD. In all, PR scaffolds hold great promise as potential treatments for visceral disease in NPC patients.
Effect of inter- and intra-annual thermohaline variability on acoustic propagation

This paper is to answer the question “How can inter- and intra-annual variability in the ocean be leveraged by the submarine Force?” through quantifying inter- and intra-annual variability in (T, S) fields and in turn underwater acoustic characteristics such as transmission loss, signal excess, and range of detection. The Navy’s Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) is the climatological monthly mean data and represents mean annual variability. An optimal spectral decomposition method is used to produce a synoptic monthly gridded (SMG) (T, S) dataset for the world oceans with 1° ×1° horizontal resolution, 28 vertical levels (surface to 3,000 m depth), monthly time increment from January 1945 to December 2014 now available at the NOAA/NCEI website: http://data.nodc.noaa.gov/cgibin/iso?id=gov.noaa.nodc:0140938. The sound velocity decreases from 1945 to 1975 and increases afterwards due to global climate change. Effect of the inter- and intra-annual (T, S) variability on acoustic propagation in the Yellow Sea is investigated using a well-developed acoustic model (Bellhop) in frequencies from 3.5 kHz to 5 kHz with sound velocity profile (SVP) calculated from GDEM and SMG datasets, various bottom types (silty clay, fine sand, gravelly mud, sandy mud, and cobble or gravel) from the NAVOCEANO‘s High Frequency Environmental Algorithms (HFEVA), source and receiver depths. Acoustic propagation ranges are extended drastically due to the inter-annual variability in comparison with the climatological SVP (from GDEM). Submarines’ vulnerability of detection as its depth varies and avoidance of short acoustic range due to inter-annual variability are also discussed.
Treatment of Neglected Achilles Tendon Ruptures with Interpositional Allograft.

Although most astute clinicians can diagnose Achilles tendon ruptures by physical examination alone, more than 20% are not accurately diagnosed in a timely fashion. The definition of a "chronic" Achilles tendon rupture in foot and ankle literature varies widely: from 4 to 10 weeks status after injury. Neglected or chronic Achilles tendon ruptures can be significantly disabling to patients if the muscle-tendon unit is stretched beyond its normal passive limit. There are a variety of treatment options that all have valid uses but have not been proven to be superior to one another.
Refutable Theories of Value

In the introduction to his classic Foundations of Economic Analysis [Sam47], Paul Samuelson defines meaningful theorems as “hypotheses about empirical data which could conceivably be refuted if only under ideal conditions.” For three decades, the problems of existence, uniqueness and the stability of tâtonnement were at the core of the general equilibrium research program—see Blaug [Bla92], Ingaro and Israel [II90], and Weintraub [Wei85]. Are the theorems on existence, uniqueness and tâtonnement stability refutable propositions?
A Simulation Investigation of the Performance of Invariance Assessment Using Equivalence Testing Procedures

Factorial invariance assessment is central in the development of educational and psychological assessments. Establishing invariance of factor structures is key for building a strong score and infer...
Central Nervous System Aspergillosis: An Unexpected Complication following Neurosurgery

Post-surgical aspergillosis is an uncommon complication that carries a high mortality rate in affected patients. The diagnosis is challenging given the lack of highly sensitive methods to isolate Aspergillus from surgical sites. Here, we present a case of post-surgical aspergillosis that occurred after the resection of acoustic neuroma in an immunocompetent patient. Imaging revealed leptomeningeal enhancement and a cerebellar extra-axial fluid collection adjacent to the right retrosigmoid craniotomy. The patient was taken to the operating room for debridement, where purulent fluid was obtained from subdural space. The diagnosis was achieved by histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in brain tissue. Appropriate investigations failed to detect contamination in the operating room. The patient was successfully treated with 3 months of voriconazole. We highlight the importance of recognizing this uncommon complication and advocate for the use of molecular techniques to improve the diagnostic yield in central nervous system aspergillosis.
It's Time We Started Paying Attention to Community College Students.

While over a third of American college students are enrolled in community colleges, there is surprisingly little research on these institutions to inform our views of the role they play—or can play...
Advances in Modeling Radiative Transport in High Temperature Gases

Thermal radiation heat transfer figures prominently in combustion systems. In perhaps all of these applications the impact of the transport on the environment is clear. Depletion of non-renewable energy resources is a concern. Industrial combustion utilization is under increasing pressure to reduce the exhaust pollutant emissions. The generation of pollutants in a flame is clearly dependent on the temperature history of the related chemical species. Therefore, treatment of the radiation transfer becomes critical not only to the accurate determination of the fluxes to the load, but also the prediction of local temperatures in the flame with the attendant impact on pollutant formation. Treatment of radiative transport from the gas phase in a combustion system is particularly challenging due to the strong spectral variation of the gas radiative properties (absorption coefficient, K η. The absorption spectra of gases consist of many thousands of spectral lines because gases emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation only at discrete frequencies where the corresponding photon energies match the quantum changes in energy of the gas molecules.
Induction and Model Checking

This chapter deals with the verification of systems that are generated out of similar or identical finite state components, using a simple rule. Systems of this type are commonplace — they occur in bus protocols and network protocols, I/O channels, and many other structures that are designed to be extensible by adding similar components. In particular, we are interested in verifying properties that hold independent of the number of components in the system. We may for example have used a model checker to verify some property of a multiprocessor with a fixed number of processors. Would that property continue to hold if we added one more processor. One hundred? One thousand? Clearly, at some point we will be unable to answer the question with the model checker alone. It would be far preferable to settle the question once and for all, regardless of the number of processors.
Introducing a reliability analysis framework for high performance computing environments

Supercomputing environments are becoming the norm for daily use. However, their complex infrastructure makes troubleshooting and monitoring failures extremely difficult. This is because these infrastructures contain thousands of nodes representing various applications and processors. To address these concerns, we propose a real-time reliability analysis framework for high performance computing (HPC) environments where the contributions are three-fold. First, an improved data network extrapolation (DNE) methodology is proposed as a pre-processing module. This component incorporates the system failure information (i.e. job, fault, and error log files) and performs robust job-based failure accounting for sequential and parallel jobs. This element also performs cross-referencing to compute task-based failure accounting, where the assumption is made that tasks are comprised of either one or more jobs. Next, a reliability characterization and analysis (RCA) schema is proposed that takes the failure information from the DNE process to perform survival analyses on each individual node in addition to the entire reliability infrastructure. This is coupled with a failure metrics characterization (FMC) schema that estimates the failure metrics such as the mean time to failure (MTTF) as well as the hazard rate. Additionally, a comparative analysis is made between the Log-Normal or Weibull distributions in terms of modeling job and task-based failure activity. Empirical analysis using the Structural Simulation Toolkit (SST) illustrate the promise of this approach in terms of characterizing, monitoring, and troubleshooting failure behavior. The results of this work can aide systems administrators the dynamic tools to pinpoint and monitor failure behavior; its impacts; and alternative job-scheduling policies without interrupting production processes.
Screen Printing Fine Pitch Stretchable Silver Inks onto a Flexible Substrate for Wearable Applications

Abstract The lightweight and bendable features of printed flexible electronics are increasingly attractive. Currently stretchable silver inks are formulated for wide traces, typically larger than 2...
Dynamic Economic Dispatch and Price Evolution under Ramping Constraints and Uncertain Demand

Consider $N$ generators with limited ramping capabilities that need to meet the stochastic demand over $T$ time steps by ramping up or ramping down their generation at every time step. We formulate this problem as a stochastic dynamic optimization problem with stochastic constraints, and compute the evolution of nodal prices over time (Lagrange multipliers corresponding to the constraints).
Clinical Features and Outcomes for Danon Disease: Data from Global Registry

Purpose Danon Disease (DD) is a rare genetic disorder that affects the cardiac, neurologic, and muscular systems in both men and women. Subjects affected typically develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and end-stage heart failure requiring transplantation. DD is an X-linked disorder with women typically suffering milder disease presentations that develop later in life. Methods A global retrospective registry for DD was created to understand the disease's natural history. Data including the description of clinical features and age of symptom onset was collected from patients across the world (United States, United Kingdom, and Australia). Information was obtained via medical records and questionnaires that were collected from patients and/or their family. Results The registry includes a total of 33 patients with 54.5% being female. The major demographics of patients were Caucasian (96.9%) and from the United States (78.8%). Impartial of the affected organs, males experienced earlier symptoms compared to females (5.5 (2.0-12.0) vs 16.0 (11.5-27.0) years of age, p = 0.002) which resulted in an earlier DD diagnosis in males at (8.0 (4.0-12.0) vs 26.5 (13.0-41.0) years of age, p = 0.023). The frequency of HCM was higher in males as compared to females, (93.3% vs 44.4%) while females had a higher frequency of tachyarrhythmias compared to males (61.1% vs 13.3%). Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was absent in males, however was the first symptom of cardiac disease in two female patients (11.1%). Four males (26.7%) and seven females (38.8%) underwent heart transplantation. Death occurred in one (5.6%) female due to post-transplant complications. Neurological symptoms, primarily manifesting as cognitive impairment were documented in 86.7% of males and 61.1% of females and had a similar age of onset (5.0 (4.0-10.0) vs 8.0 (7.0-15.0) years of age, p = 1). 87.9% of subjects presented with symptomatic skeletal myopathy which was more frequent in males (86.7% vs 64.3%). Conclusion Although DD is an X-linked disorder, significant cardiac morbidity develops in women. Females have a higher prevalence of DCM, which may be secondary to delayed symptom presentation and diagnosis. While DD is a rare diagnosis, healthcare providers should be aware that later clinical manifestations occur in women and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of heart failure.
Defect evolution in Ni and NiCoCr by in situ 2.8 MeV Au irradiation

Abstract The evolution of radiation-induced defects in Ni and the single-phase concentrated solid solution alloy, NiCoCr, were investigated during in situ 2.8 MeV Au ion irradiation and post-irradiation analysis using transmission electron microscopy. Compared to Ni, both the size and area density of defect clusters decreased in NiCoCr under the same irradiation conditions, suggesting that the chemical complexity, i.e., randomness of lattice site occupations, of NiCoCr suppressed radiation-induced damage. One-dimensional glide of defect clusters was observed in Ni but not in the NiCoCr alloy. The structural nature of small defect clusters in NiCoCr were further investigated using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy.
Dynamic Radiative Thermal Management by Crumpled Graphene

Systems and surfaces used for aerospace applications require dynamic temperature control for optimal system performance, simultaneously fulfilling the thermal needs for personal human comfort and maintaining equipment functionality, and at the same time avoiding overheating. Radiative cooling is becoming an increasingly attractive method of passive thermal management that utilizes spectral radiation characteristics in the ambient environment. This is achieved by making use of the solar spectrum to heat up surface areas with incident solar radiation (from 200 nm to $2.5\mu\mathrm{m}$ ,, visible to near-infrared wavelengths), and utilizing the atmospheric transmission window (from $8\mu\mathrm{m}$ to $14\mu\mathrm{m}$ , mid-infrared wavelengths) to cool down the surfaces via reemission of the heat to the outer space. The distinct spectral ranges enabling heating and cooling negate the use of conventional materials with fairly uniform high or low emissivity values, and the need for tunable thermoregulation rules out most existing rigid cooling surfaces due to lack of dynamic modulation over emissivity. Here we show selective mid-infrared emissivity control by mechanically reconfigurable graphene, in which mechanical stretching and releasing induces controlled morphology changes of graphene. By integrating graphene with stretchable, elastomeric substrates, we fabricate crumpled graphene with controlled pitch size optimized for radiative cooling at $10\mu\mathrm{m}$ . Our emissivity measurements based on reflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, validated with computations based on rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) methods, demonstrate that the optimized crumpled graphene attains topography-driven high emissivity values at $9.9\mu\mathrm{m}$ and $13\mu\mathrm{m}$ wavelengths. These emissivity variations are attributed to interference between adjacent crumpled features, diffraction at the graphene/air interface, and incoherence of light. The tunability of the crumpled graphene for thermoregulation is demonstrated by mechanical stretching and releasing for controlled modulation of the surface morphology. The results show reversible changes of emissivity over 30 cycles at the wavelength of $9.9\mu\mathrm{m}$ . Our thermal analysis shows that the optimally crumped graphene will achieve a net radiative cooling power of 77 Wm 2 and a surface temperature reduction 7 K below the ambient air. The spectral-selective control of emissivity governs the thermal energy exchange in the ambient environment and enables optimal control of the surface temperature without running electricity or any active components such as bulky heat exchangers. The proposed mechanically tunable crumpled graphene could potentially lead to breakthroughs in aerospace thermal management, especially for surface systems where radiative heat transfer is critical to performance and reliability.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Density Graded Foams Subjected to Impact Loading

Cellular materials offer many advantages due to their higher energy absorption capacity and strength for a given weight. The energy absorption performance is dependent on material density. Different density foams can be tailored and graded in a structure so that the merits of both low density and high density foams can be exploited. In this work, density graded polymeric foams with different configurations are examined, and their response to impact loading is studied both numerically and experimentally. Two-dimensional cell-based finite element model is developed for modeling the dynamic response of foams with different density gradation in Abaqus, a commercial finite element software. Three different types of foam structures are studied. Each of the foam structures is made up of three different density layers. The experimental investigation is also carried out on a gas gun setup incorporating high-speed imaging and is used to verify the numerical results. The stress-strain curves and the energy absorption characteristics of different graded foam structures are evaluated. It is found that the graded foam structure with higher density layer on the impact side absorbs more energy than the uniform foam structure at lower strains.
Recent Developments in Electrocatalysis

Electrocatalysis is the catalytic process involving oxidation and reduction reactions through the direct transfer of electrons between species at the electrochemical interface. An electrocatalyst specifically reduces the overpotential needed to allow the thermodynamically possible reaction to occur faster. These catalysts can be homogeneous, heterogeneous, or microbial in nature. Electrocatalysts are used in a wide range of fields, including corrosion, wastewater treatment, and energy storage. These promising applications will all be critical to a more sustainable energy future. The articles in the current issue of Interface look at this question of designing and using novel electrocatalysts from several different angles.
The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Glycemic Control and Body Composition in Adults with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intermittent fasting on glycemic control and body composition in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although intermittent fasting has ...
COUNTATA: dataset labeling using pattern counts

Information regarding the counts of attributes combination is central to the profiling of a data set. It may reveal bias; it can help determine fitness for use. While counts of individual attribute values may be stored in some data set profiles, there are too many combinations of attributes for it to be practical to store counts for each combination. To this end, we present the notion of storing a "label" of limited size that can be used to obtain good estimates for these counts. A label contains information regarding the count of selected patterns-attributes values combinations-in the data. We define an estimation function, that uses this label to estimate the count of every pattern. Intuitively, there is a trade-off between the label size and its estimation error. We propose a demonstration of Countata, a system that allows the user to examine this trade-off as well as the label's count information. We will demonstrate the usefulness of Countata using real-life data, and illustrate the effectiveness of our estimation paradigm.
Women outperform men in collegiate sales competitions: Are women’s sales skills better than men’s?

Since the early 1970s, sales and marketing academicians have been researching the influence of gender on sales performance and sales management. This paper presents a study examining the extent to ...
Investigation of Gravitational Lens Mass Models

We have previously reported the discovery of strong gravitational lensing by faint elliptical galaxies using the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on the Hubble Space Telescope, and here we investigate their potential usefulness in placing constraints on lens mass models. We compare various ellipsoidal surface mass distributions, including those with and without a core radius, as well as models in which the mass distributions are assumed to have the same axis ratio and orientation as the galaxy light. We also study models that use a spherical mass distribution having various profiles, both empirical and following those predicted by cold dark matter simulations. These models also include a gravitational shear term. The model parameters and associated errors have been derived by two-dimensional analysis of the observed WFPC2 images. The maximum likelihood procedure iteratively converges simultaneously on the model for the lensing elliptical galaxy and the lensed image components. The motivation for this study was to distinguish between these mass models with this technique. However, we find that, despite using the full image data rather than just locations and integrated magnitudes, the lenses are fitted equally well with several of the mass models. Each of the mass models generates a similar configuration but with a different magnification and cross-sectional area within the caustic, and both of these latter quantities govern the discovery probability of lensing in the survey. These differences contribute to considerable cosmic scatter in any estimate of the cosmological constant, Λ, using gravitational lenses.
Virtual interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of advanced endoscopy fellowship applicants and programs

Abstract Background and aims Advanced endoscopy (AE) fellowship interviews during the 2020 application cycle were held virtually due to COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to characterize the application experience with virtual interviews. Methods Applicants and programs participating in the 2020 AE fellowship match were prospectively sent separate 17-question surveys. Responses were collected using Research Electronic Data Capture. Results In total, 63/104 applicants (60.6%) matched and 64/71 (90.1%) positions filled within the match. The survey was completed by 37/87 (42.5%) applicants and 71 interviewers from 43/65 (66.2%) participating programs. Most applicants (64.7%) preferred a 1:1 applicant:faculty ratio and a 20-minute interview (73.5%), which was used by programs 50.7% and 47.8%, respectively. The majority of applicants (82.4%) and interviewers (76.8%) reported overall satisfaction with virtual interviews. The biggest limitations for applicants were getting a “feel” for the program and endoscopy unit. In the future, 41.2% of applicants preferred only virtual interviews compared to 7.2% of interviewers (P Conclusion The majority of AE fellowship applicants and programs reported overall satisfaction with virtual interviews during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the potential benefits, virtual interviews may have an increasing role in future residency and fellowship applications. Programs that conduct virtual interviews need to be aware of its limitations and have measures to improve the applicant experience and mitigate potential biases of interviewers.
Survival analysis for insider threat

In the current information era, we rely on cyber techniques and principles to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of everything from personally identifiable information and intellectual property, to government and industry information systems. Despite persistent efforts to protect this sensitive information, security breaches continue to occur at alarming rates, the most common of them being insider threats. Over the past decade, insider threat detection has attracted a considerable amount of attention from researchers in both academia and industry. In this paper, we develop a novel insider threat detection method based on survival analysis techniques. Specifically, we use the Cox proportional hazards model to provide more accurate prediction of insider threat events. Our model utilizes different groups of variables such as activity, logon data, and psychometric tests. The proposed framework has the ability to address the challenge of predicting insider threat instances as well as the approximate time of occurrence. This study enables us to perform proactive interventions in a prioritized manner where limited resources are available. The criticality of this issue in the insider threat problem is twofold: not only correctly classifying whether a person is going to become a threat is important, but also the time when this is going to happen. We evaluate our method on the CERT Insider Threat Test Dataset and show that the proposed Cox-based framework can predict insider threat events and timing with high accuracy and precision.
TURNOVER AND EXCRETION OF VMA BY NORMAL VOLUNTEERS AND PATIENTS WITH NEURAL CREST TUMORS

The turnover and excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) has been studied in 3 normal volunteers and in 6 patients with neural crest tumors by giving an i.v. injection of 7- 3 H-VMA and assaying the tritium ( 3 H) and 3 H-VMA in serial urine specimens. The urinary excretion of 3 H-VMA was rapid with a a T 1/2 = about 0.5 hr. Up to 13% of the 3 H-label was excreted as 3 H 2 0, but the remainder of the 3 H-VMA was excreted unchanged. These results indicate that the urinary excretion of VMA can be used as a dynamic indicator of synthesis and metabolism of its catecholamine precursors.