cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An extensible model for the deployment of non-isotropic sensors

Existing approaches for determining the optimal deployment positions of sensors suffer from a number of critical drawbacks. First, homogeneous deployment models have been commonly assumed, but in practice deployments of heterogenous sensors are typical. Second, existing approaches assume isotropic sensing ranges but it has been found that hardware and environmental conditions cause imperfections in sensing. Third, existing models are very application-dependent. We propose an extensible modeling framework for the problem of determining optimal deployment positions for a set of heterogeneous, non- isotropic sensors to cover a set of points in an area. The problem is formulated using a genetic algorithm where the objective is to minimize the cost to cover all points. Our technique is to decouple the coverage determination method from the sensor deployment model. This allows the sensor deployment model to remain consistent and address the critical drawbacks of previous models. A homeland security application is presented to illustrate the capabilities of our approach.
Offshore springs and seeps are focus of working group

People have been curious about offshore springs and seeps since at least the days of the Romans. In spite of many centuries of both casual and serious observations, there has been relatively little scientific study concerning the magnitude and effects of groundwater flow into the sea. Rather, studies were performed mostly to address water resource issues. Investigations over the past decade or so have now shown that groundwater discharge, at least in some cases, may be important for geochemical budgets and ecological effects. The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program have recently established a working group of experts to examine questions relating specifically to groundwater discharge in the coastal zone. Direct groundwater flow into the ocean is known to occur as springs and seeps in near-shore areas in many parts of the world. Submarine springs, for example, are well known off both coasts of Florida; Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula; in several areas around the Pacific rim including Chile, Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa, and Australia; in the Persian Gulf near Bahrain; in the Mediterranean Sea off Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Libya; and in many other locations.
Organophosphorus hydrolase multilayer modified microcantilevers for organophosphorus detection.

We report a biosensor based on organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) multilayer modified microcantilever (MCL) for detection of organophosphorus compounds (OPs). The assay is based on substrate-dependent bending of the OPH functionalized MCLs. The cantilever bending amplitude at equilibrium was a function of the concentration of paraoxon with the dynamic range extending from 10 −7 to 10 −3 M. The lower detection limit of approximately 10 −7 M for paraoxon was an order of magnitude better than the OPH-based potentiometric and optical biosensors based on pH modulation. There was a good intra-sensor and an acceptable inter-sensor reproducibility as evidenced by the standard errors of 5% and 15%, respectively. OPs measured using this technique included parathion and diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in the order of paraoxon > DFP > parathion. The conformational change of the OPH was most likely the main origin of MCL bending.
Accelerated Aortic Flow Assessment with Compressed Sensing With and Without Use of the Sparsity of the Complex Difference Image

Phase contrast (PC) cardiac MR is widely used for the clinical assessment of blood flow in cardiovascular disease. One of the challenges of PC cardiac MR is the long scan time which limits both spatial and temporal resolution. Compressed sensing reconstruction with accelerated PC acquisitions is a promising technique to increase the scan efficiency. In this study, we sought to use the sparsity of the complex difference of the two flow-encoded images as an additional constraint term to improve the compressed sensing reconstruction of the corresponding accelerated PC data acquisition. Using retrospectively under-sampled data, the proposed reconstruction technique was optimized and validated in vivo on 15 healthy subjects. Then, prospectively under-sampled data was acquired on 11 healthy subjects and reconstructed with the proposed technique. The results show that there is good agreement between the cardiac output measurements from the fully sampled data and the proposed compressed sensing reconstruction method using complex difference sparsity up to acceleration rate 5. In conclusion, we have developed and evaluated an improved reconstruction technique for accelerated PC cardiac MR that uses the sparsity of the complex difference of the two flow-encoded images.
Comparative Study of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology and Physiological Characteristics of Strains of Peptococcus saccharolyticus

Polynucleotide sequence relationships among strains of Peptococcus saccharolyticus were assessed by analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homo and heteroduplexes with endonuclease S1. The results showed that P. saccharolyticus strains isolated from different subjects form a very tight group, with deoxyribonucleic acid homology levels ranging between 93 and 100%. Physiological tests of 23 strains included 30 different substrates. Results were remarkably uniform. All 23 strains grew better anaerobically with added H2 and CO2 than aerobically. However, colony size was greater on blood agar but not Trypticase soy (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.)-yeast extract agar with an atmosphere of 4% O2 with added H2 and CO2 than with anaerobic incubation. The data suggest that these strains are sufficiently closely related to justify their inclusion in a single discrete species, but their appropriate generic classification remains to be resolved.
Measurement of surface features beyond the diffraction limit with an imaging ellipsometer.

We report a sensitive surface and feature measurement technique that uses a novel imaging ellipsometer. Polarization signatures from unresolved subwavelength structures are utilized as a sensitive measure of linewidth. A focused beam rigorous coupled wave analysis method is developed to simulate the polarization effects from isolated subwavelength structures. Experimental results show that this technique can accurately measure linewidths down to 100 nm with an imaging system whose diffraction-limited resolution is 500 nm. The accuracy of our measurements is ∼10 nm for lines that are broader than 100 nm.
Rational approach for assumed stress finite elements

A new method for the formulation of hybrid elements by the Hellinger-Reissner principle is established by expanding the essential terms of the assumed stresses as complete polynomials in the natural coordinates of the element. The equilibrium conditions are imposed in a variational sense through the internal displacements which are also expanded in the natural co-ordinates. The resulting element possesses all the ideal qualities, i.e. it is invariant, it is less sensitive to geometric distortion, it contains a minimum number of stress parameters and it provides accurate stress calculations. For the formulation of a 4-node plane stress element, a small perturbation method is used to determine the equilibrium constraint equations. The element has been proved to be always rank sufficient.
Presidential Address: Self-Image and Compassionate Goals and Construction of the Social Self: Implications for Social and Personality Psychology

Interpersonal dynamics of self-esteem are explored. The author proposes that the desire to be seen as having positive qualities and avoid being seen as having dreaded qualities paradoxically leads to lowered self-esteem and lowered regard from others through its adverse effects on interpersonal relationships. The author also argues that the human capacity to transcend concerns with the images others hold of oneself, through caring about the well-being of other people, paradoxically leads to higher self-esteem and regard from others through its salutary effects on relationships. Data from two recent studies demonstrate these paradoxical effects and prompt questions about the nature of persons and situations, research methods, and the union between personality and social psychology. Accordingly, the author reflects more broadly on how people create their social situations, which in turn create the self, and what that means about the methods scholars use to understand social behavior.
A tale of two nutritionists (or the importance of analysis plans).

t w p c s m p Consider two nutritionists conducting studies of the poential of two different herbal supplements, Hearterra and ardiben, to prevent recurrence of myocardial infarction MI). Based on subject-matter knowledge of the mechanism f action of Hearterra, the first nutritionist hypothesizes that t is likely to be more effective in men than in women. She herefore designs a placebo-controlled trial with adequate ower to detect a sex difference in the efficacy of Hearterra. hen she analyzes her data, she formally compares the fficacy of Hearterra between men and women; operationlly, this is achieved by including a Hearterra use-by-sex nteraction term [1] in the analysis. The results of this nalysis reveal that there is a significant interaction (P .04) such that Hearterra benefits men but not women. She ublishes a paper explaining her rationale for expecting a ex difference in efficacy, describing the test for interaction n the statistical methods and results sections of her paper, nd recommending Hearterra as a supplement for men who ave had a previous MI. The second nutritionist designs a placebo-controlled trial ith adequate power to detect a clinically meaningful effect f Cardiben in the population as a whole. However, when he analyzes her data, she is disappointed to discover only small and non-significant (P 0.12) benefit for those aking Cardiben. Not to be deterred, she decides to invesigate whether Cardiben could be beneficial for certain subroups of the population. She compares the effect of ardiben between smokers and non-smokers, between those ith high and those with normal blood pressure, among ifferent ethnic groups, between younger and older study articipants, and between males and females; these subroup comparisons are obtained by including in the analysis nteractions between Cardiben use and each of smoking tatus, high blood pressure, ethnicity, age group, and sex.
A Continuous Semianalytic Current Model for DG and NW TFETs

A continuous semianalytic $I$ – $V$ model is developed for double-gate (DG) and nanowire tunnel FETs (TFETs). At the core of the model is a gate-controlled channel potential that satisfies the source and drain boundary conditions. The band-to-band tunneling current is expressed in terms of Franz’s two-band $E(k)$ relation with 3-D density of states. Verified by numerical simulations, the model is capable of generating $I_{\mathrm{ ds}}$ – $V_{\mathrm{ gs}}$ characteristics for any a given bandgap and channel length, based on which the guidelines for TFET scaling are derived. A methodology for evaluating different $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}$ – $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ characteristics, distinguished from the common practice of $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ratio and SS slope, is employed. Ambipolar effect or channel-to-drain tunneling is also covered by the model. The model has been applied to an example of GaSb–InAs DG TFET, to compare with published atomistic simulation results. $I_{\mathrm{ ds}}$ – $V_{\mathrm{ ds}}$ characteristics are also generated by building into the model the debiasing effect of channel charge in the linear region.
Citation Counts for Tables

The Science Citation Index1 has been employed to estimate the numbers of users of mass tables and other data cattpilations in the atomic and nuclear fields. Although the number of citations of a paper is not a true measure of the number of users (especially in the case of tables), nevertheless, it is the only objective, international criterion of use which is presently available.
Improving African American College Students’ Participation in Study Abroad

One of the major roles of colleges and universities is the preparation of the workforce for the global economy (Metzger, 2006). Regardless of efforts to diversify the study abroad population and increase the participation rate of minority students, Caucasians remain the largest group represented at 83% for the past 10 years (Current Trends in US Study Abroad and the Impact of Strategic Diversity Initiatives, 2007). In 2009/10, only 4.7% of all study abroad college students were African American, 6.4% were Hispanic American, and 0.5% were Native American (Institute for International Education, 2012). Reasons for these low percentages of study abroad participation among minority students have not been adequately investigated, nor are there a number of significant studies on the decision making process of minority college students who choose to participate in study abroad programs. Using Peterson’s (2003) Model of the Decision to Study Abroad, 20 African American undergraduate college students from a university in north east Maryland who already engaged in study abroad programs were interviewed to identify motivations and experiences for participation in study abroad programs. Based on Moustakas' (1994) modification of van Kaam's phenomenological methodology data were analyzed using NVivo 9 software. Twelve themes of significant importance for decision making emerged. Students also provided a wealth of information and creative suggestions for improving African American participation in Study Abroad. Increasing opportunities to study aboard is important in educating global citizens able to adapt quickly to their changing environments.
Don't Daze, Phase, or Lase Me, Bro! Fourth Amendment Excessive-Force Claims, Future Nonlethal Weapons, and Why Requiring an Injury Cannot Withstand a Constitutional or Practical Challenge

This article suggests that requiring an injury in a Fourth Amendment excessive force claim is neither constitutional nor practical. The article has two components. First, it examines the requirement that an arrestee allege an injury to have a valid Fourth Amendment excessive force claim. The article explores the de minimis injury exception’s genesis in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence and discusses whether and how the circuit and district courts have implemented an injury requirement. The article demonstrates that an injury requirement in some circuits has created contradictory and confusing tests and exceptions. It then argues why an injury requirement is not supported by the Supreme Court’s seminal Fourth Amendment excessive force case. Second, the article discusses the technology of future non-lethal weapons as well as the physical and psychological impact on the weapons’ targets. The article posits that a de minimis injury exception to Fourth Amendment excessive force claims is impractical in light of the deceptively minimal harm these non-lethal weapons will cause.
DNA–Cholesterol Barges as Programmable Membrane-Exploring Agents

DNA nanotechnology enables the precise construction of nanoscale devices that mimic aspects of natural biomolecular systems yet exhibit robustly programmable behavior. While many important biological processes involve dynamic interactions between components associated with phospholipid membranes, little progress has been made toward creating synthetic mimics of such interfacial systems. We report the assembly and characterization of cholesterol-labeled DNA origami “barges” capable of reversible association with and lateral diffusion on supported lipid bilayers. Using single-particle fluorescence microscopy, we show that these DNA barges rapidly and stably embed in lipid bilayers and exhibit Brownian diffusion in a manner dependent on both cholesterol labeling and bilayer composition. Tracking of individual barges rapidly generates super-resolution maps of the contiguous regions of a membrane. Addition of appropriate command oligonucleotides enables membrane-associated barges to reversibly exchange fluores...
Nostalgia and Perceptions of Artwork.

A total of 179 participants completed the Nostalgia Proneness Scale, a measure of historical nostalgia, and the Nostalgia Inventory, a measure of personal nostalgia. Participants were also asked to...
Load modeling based on improved K-means clustering algorithm and its application

The data density in specific area is used to select the initial clustering center to fully display its distribution feature and the average distance from data to clustering center is used in the iteration calculation for new clustering center to eliminate to effect of noise.The DBI(Davies-Bouldin Index) is used to select the optimal number of clustering to show the distribution feature of data space more exactly.The improved K-means algorithm is applied in the data clustering for a substation and the distribution feature of its load data is analyzed,based on which a cubic Hermite interpolating polynomial load model is piecewise established.The simulative results show that the load modeling based on improved K-means algorithm for power system simulation is feasible and effective.
Can big data transform electronic health records into learning health systems

In the United States and globally, healthcare delivery is in the midst of an acute transformation with the adoption and use of health information technology (health IT) thus generating increasing amounts of patient care data available in computable form. Secure and trusted use of these data, beyond their original purpose can change the way we think about business, health, education, and innovation in the years to come. "Big Data" is data whose scale, diversity, and complexity require new architecture, techniques, algorithms, and analytics to manage it and extract value and hidden knowledge from it.
THE VOLUME-SENSITIVE ORGANIC OSMOLYTE-ANION CHANNEL VSOAC IS REGULATED BY NONHYDROLYTIC ATP BINDING

Efflux of intracellular organic osmolytes to the external medium is a ubiquitous response to cell swelling. Accumulating evidence indicates that volume regulatory loss of structurally unrelated org...
Cell Separation with Transient Adhesions

A biomimetic method for cell separation based on adhesive rolling and transient tethering has been demonstrated in microstructured fluidic channels coated with an E-selectin IgG chimera. Using E-selectin-ligand adhesions, capture and several hundredfold enrichment of HL-60 cells on channel surfaces under continuous sample flow was achieved. Additionally, the difference in flow-driven cell transit speeds through the fluidic channel (HL-60 vs. U-937 cells) provides the basis for fractionating the different types of cells.
Lamotrigine and Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy

Four consecutive cases of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), occurring in non-hospitalized patients while treated with lamotrigine (LTG), between 1995 and 2005, are reported from Stavanger University Hospital, Norway.
Effects of Atropine and of Antral Acidification on Gastrin Release and Acid Secretion in Response to Insulin and Feeding in Dogs

In 5 dogs with innervated antral and Pavlov pouches, insulin, 0.5 U per kg intravenously, caused significant increases in serum gastrin concentrations from basal values of 94 pg per ml to peak values of 216 pg per ml when the antral pH was maintained at neutrality. Acidification of the antrum to pH 1 completely abolished the increase in serum gastrin in response to insulin but decreased acid secretion by only 60%. Prior administration of atropine sulfate, 0.1 mg per kg subcutaneously, completely suppressed acid secretion in 4 of 4 dogs but failed to inhibit the increase in serum gastrin in 2 of 4. A higher dose of atropine, 0.2 mg per kg, abolished the increase in serum gastrin in these 2 dogs. These studies show that insulin is an effective stimulant of gastrin release when the antral pH is maintained at neutrality, that part of the acid secretory response to insulin is not dependent upon increase in serum gastrin levels, and that higher doses of atropine are necessary to suppress gastrin release than to suppress acid secretion. In 2 dogs with Pavlov pouches and gastric fistulae, prior administration of atropine sulfate, 0.15 mg per kg, abolished the acid response to a beef liver meal but did not prevent the increase in serum gastrin. Again, atropine was more effective in suppressing acid secretion than in blocking gastrin release, and gastrin release by feeding was more resistant to blocking by atropine than was gastrin release by insulin.
Flower Organ Culture

A variety of factors contribute to flower induction in nature. These same factors are assumed to be responsible for in vitro flowering (I). Flower formation in tissue culture has been observed in several plant species, and arises from a variety of explant sources (2). However, the factors responsible for flowering in culture have not been extensively studied (I). Reasons for studying flower formation in tissue culture can be summarized as follows:
Prednisone in Duchenne Dystrophy

The results of a randomized controlled trial of daily Prednisone conducted in 99 boys aged five to 15 years with Duchenne dystrophy are reported from the Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, NY and five collaborating institutions.
Impact of Acute Dietary Manipulations on DXA and BIA Body Composition Estimates

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine the effects of acute preassessment diets on body composition estimates obtained by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).MethodsIn a counterbalanced design, 48 males and females were provided with two 1-d diets: high-carbohydrate
Chronic stress and hippocampal dendritic complexity: Methodological and functional considerations ☆

The current understanding of how chronic stress impacts hippocampal dendritic arbor complexity and the subsequent relationship to hippocampal-dependent spatial memory is reviewed. A surge in reports investigating hippocampal dendritic morphology is occurring, but with wide variations in methodological detail being reported. Consequently, this review systematically outlines the basic neuroanatomy of relevant hippocampal features to help clarify how chronic stress or glucocorticoids impact hippocampal dendritic complexity and how these changes occur in parallel with spatial cognition. Chronic stress often leads to hippocampal CA3 apical dendritic retraction first with other hippocampal regions (CA3 basal dendrites, CA1, dentate gyrus, DG) showing dendritic retraction when chronic stress is sufficiently robust or long lasting. The stress-induced reduction in hippocampal CA3 apical dendritic arbor complexity often coincides with impaired hippocampal function, such as spatial learning and memory. Yet, when chronic stress ends and a post-stress recovery period ensues, the atrophied dendritic arbors and poor spatial abilities often improve. However, this process differs from a simple reversal of chronic stress-induced deficits. Recent reports suggest that this return to baseline-like functioning is uniquely different from non-stressed controls, emphasizing the need for further studies to enhance our understanding of how a history of stress subsequently alters an organism's spatial abilities. To provide a consistent framework for future studies, this review concludes with an outline for a quick and easy reference on points to consider when planning chronic stress studies with the goal of measuring hippocampal dendritic complexity and spatial ability.
Book review: From Animals to Animats 2. Edited by Jean-Arcady Meyer, Herbert L. Roiblat, and Stewart W. Wilson (MIT Press)

It is time animals lived side by side with animals. They can live, learn, build maps, evolve, and be our domesticated pets too. In the intersection of AI, Robotics, Philosophy and Psychology, traditions of building ever more complex systems that try to exhibit intelligent behavior or solve puzzles are giving way to systems that live simple lives, without pretending to reason deeply, or to act as if they were real animals. Instead, the system designer builds simple agents and endows them with basic shallow abilities to interact with the world. The point is that the designer doesn't solve all the problems that the system may encounter beforehand. Nor does the designer build a system that acts as if it is trying to talk to itself outloud. Many of the traditional symbolic systems are designed so that they can be made to generate a transcript of human understandable steps they take to decide on performing each and every action. Once deployed in a complex world, the animat (just as a device would) uses its repertoire of interactive behaviors as they become needed (e.g., a microwave oven responds to buttons pushed). The interactions that follow may appear intelligent. Such agents can also be made to learn from these interactions and enrich their range of capabilities.
Predictors of response to cognitive remediation in service recipients with severe mental illness.

OBJECTIVE Cognitive challenges are prominent features of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, impairing occupational, social, and economic functioning. These challenges are predictive of social and work outcomes. Cognitive remediation has been shown to be effective in improving both cognitive and social functions. However, cognitive remediation does not produce improvement in all participants. We investigated demographic, neurocognitive, and psychopathological predictors associated with improvement following cognitive remediation interventions in service recipients with severe mental illnesses. METHOD One hundred thirty-seven adult participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.) were enrolled in 12-week cognitive remediation programs. Assessments of demographic and illness variables, together with baseline and end point assessment of psychopathology (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS]), neurocognition (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia [MATRICS] Consensus Cognitive Battery [MCBB]), and social functions (Personal and Social Performance Scale [PSP]) were conducted. Change in cognitive domains was calculated using the reliable change index. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictors of cognitive improvement after the intervention. RESULTS Sixty-two percent of participants improved on at least 1 of the MCCB domains. Higher baseline speed of processing, attention or vigilance, and working memory predicted a positive response to cognitive remediation. Younger age, higher education level, shorter length of stay, and lower PANSS Negative and Disorganized factors were additional predictors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Our results indicate the clinical usefulness of cognitive remediation and identified a pattern of clinical and cognitive predictors of good response to the intervention. Identification of these predictive factors by clinicians may enhance the outcome and aid in the development of individualized rehabilitative cognitive remediation treatment plans. (PsycINFO Database Record
Cognitive Analytics for Making Better Evidence-Based Decisions

The actions associated with business decisions are guided by a range of variables, that include: opportunities, funding types, customer categories, competencies, proposal status, resource feasibility, technical feasibility, capability increase, risk level and commitment. The analysis of these decision variables or more likely the data associated with them is based on using descriptive, predictive, or prescriptive analytics as a means of “searching for answers” to the business problems and issues confronting the enterprise. Cognitive analytics embodies a fourth area of decision support that facilitates the analysis of structured and unstructured data sources and the use of natural language processing, learning and reasoning capabilities to enhance hypothesis generation. In short, cognitive analytics enables the enterprise to “ask the right questions” surrounding the evidence. This research highlights the impact of cognitive analytics in making evidence-based decision actions – specifically by modeling “what if” scenarios concerning the impact of resource and schedule on project risk associated with the development of a new product using IBM SPSS Modeler and IBM Watson Analytics.
TRACING THE EVOLUTION OF RESEARCH IN THE ACCOUNTING REVIEW THROUGH ITS LEADING AUTHORS: THE 1946–1965 PERIOD

In order to better understand the development of accounting research, this paper examines the work of the leading authors of The Accounting Review (Leading Authors) during 1946–1965. An earlier study [Fleming, Graci and Thompson, 1990] concluded that the work of the Leading Authors during the 1926–1945 period was characterized by a practical orientation. The Accounting Review in many respects remained a practically oriented journal during 1946–1965. However, changes are evident that were contributing factors in the evolution of The Accounting Review into its current quantitative/empirical orientation.
Incidence of melanoma and keratinocytic carcinomas in patients evaluated by store‐and‐forward teledermatology vs. dermatology clinic

Background It is unclear whether incidence of detected skin cancer in patients evaluated by store-and-forward teledermatology (SAF) vs. face-to-face consultation (F2F) significantly differs, and whether such differences are because of variations in patient demographics, diagnostic accuracy, or both. Methods This retrospective cohort study compares patient skin cancer risk profile, pre-post biopsy diagnostic accuracy, and detection rates of any skin cancer, melanoma, and keratinocytic carcinoma between all SAF teledermatology patients and a subset of randomly selected F2F consultations at VA-Boston Healthcare System in 2014. Results Patients in the teledermatology (n = 434) and F2F visit cohorts (n = 587) had similar baseline demographics except a higher proportion of F2F patients had prior history of skin cancer, 22% (131/587) vs. 10% (45/434), P < 0.001, and received biopsies, 27.2% (160/587) vs. 11.5% (50/434), P < 0.001. When adjusted for age, immunosuppression, and personal and family history of skin cancer, there were no significant differences between the two cohorts in detection rates for any skin cancer (9.5% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.3), melanoma (0.6% vs. 0%, P = N/A), or keratinocytic carcinoma (8.5% vs. 5.5%, P = 0.7). The two cohorts also had similar pre-post biopsy perfect diagnostic concordance, time from initial consult request to biopsy (45.5 d vs. 47.3 d, P = 0.8), and time from biopsy to definitive treatment (67.5 d vs. 65.4 d, P = 0.8). Conclusion F2F patients were more likely to have prior history of skin cancer and receive biopsies. When adjusted for presence of skin cancer risk factors, incidence of detected melanoma, keratinocytic carcinoma, and any skin cancer was similar between SAF teledermatology and F2F patients.
Measuring racial microaggression in medical practice

The purpose of this study was to validate the already existing Racial Microaggression in Counseling Scale (RMCS) when the term ‘therapist’ was replaced with ‘physician’, thus constituting the modif...
The Gordon Research Seminar & Conference on Parkinson’s disease: state of the Science 200 years after James Parkinson’s essay on the Shaking Palsy

The first-ever Gordon Research Seminar on Parkinson’s disease was held in conjunction with the second-ever Gordon Research Conference on Parkinson’s disease at the Grand Summit Hotel at Sunday River in Newry, Maine, from June 24–30. The Gordon Research Seminar brought together graduate students and postdoctoral researchers to network, learn first-hand about life with Parkinson’s disease, listen to and present Parkinson’s disease science, and hear about a variety of relevant career options. The Gordon Research Conference began as the Gordon Research Seminar concluded and was attended by a broad, international mix of junior and senior scientists from academia and industry. It was organized into eight outstanding scientific sessions in which cutting edge science, much of it unpublished, was presented. Among attendees, there was universal praise for the content and organization of the meeting, and for its open and welcoming ambiance.
Peracetic acid disinfection kinetics for combined sewer overflows: indicator organisms, antibiotic resistance genes, and microbial community

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) degrade water quality and end-of-pipe treatment is one potential solution for retrofitting this outdated infrastructure. The goal of this research was to evaluate peracetic acid (PAA) as a disinfectant for CSOs using viability based molecular methods for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), indicator organism marker gene BacHum, and 16S rRNA genes. Simulated CSO effluent was prepared using 23–40% wastewater, representing the higher end of the range of wastewater concentrations reported in CSO effluent. PAA residual following disinfection was greatest for samples with the lowest initial COD. Treatment of simulated CSO effluent (23% wastewater) with 100 mg min L−1 PAA (5 mg L−1 PAA, 20 min) was needed to reduce viable cell sul1, tet(G), and BacHum (1.0 ± 0.63–3.2 ± 0.25-log) while 25 to 50 mg min L−1 PAA (5 mg L−1 PAA, 5–10 min) was needed to reduce viable cell loads (0.62 ± 0.56–1.6 ± 0.08-log) in 40% wastewater from a different municipal treatment plant. Increasing contact time after the initial decrease in viable cell gene copies did not significantly improve treatment. A much greater applied Ct of 1200 mg min L−1 PAA (20 mg L−1 PAA, 60 min) was required for significant log reduction of 16S rRNA genes (3.29 ± 0.13-log). No significant losses of mexB were observed during the study. Data were fitted to a Chick–Watson model and resulting inactivation constants for sul1 and tet(G) > BacHum > 16S rRNA. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene indicated the initial viable and total microbial communities were distinct and that treatment with PAA resulted in marked increases of the relative abundance of select phyla, particularly Clostridia which increased by 1–1.5 orders of magnitude. Results confirm that membrane disruption is a mechanism for PAA disinfection and further treatment is needed to reduce total ARGs in CSO effluent.
Evaluation of Nutrition Interventions in Children in Conflict Zones: A Narrative Review

Food and nutrition insecurity becomes increasingly worse in areas affected by armed conflict. Children affected by conflict, or in war-torn settings, face a disproportionate burden of malnutrition and poor health outcomes. As noted by humanitarian response reviews, there is a need for a stronger evidence-based response to humanitarian crises. To achieve this, we systematically searched and evaluated existing nutrition interventions carried out in conflict settings that assessed their impact on children's nutrition status. To evaluate the impact of nutrition interventions on children's nutrition and growth status, we identified published literature through EMBASE, PubMed, and Global Health by using a combination of relevant text words and Medical Subject Heading terms. Studies for this review must have included children (aged ≤18 y), been conducted in conflict or postconflict settings, and assessed a nutrition intervention that measured ≥1 outcome for nutrition status (i.e., stunting, wasting, or underweight). Eleven studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review. Five different nutrition interventions were identified and showed modest results in decreasing the prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, reduction in severe or moderate acute malnutrition or both, mortality, anemia, and diarrhea. Overall, nutrition interventions in conflict settings were associated with improved children's nutrition or growth status. Emergency nutrition programs should continue to follow recent recommendations to expand coverage and access (beyond refugee camps to rural areas) and ensure that aid and nutrition interventions are distributed equitably in all conflict-affected populations.
Gas-phase spectra of MgO molecules: a possible connection from gas-phase molecules to planet formation

A more fine-tuned method for probing planet-forming regions, such as protoplanetary discs, could be rovibrational molecular spectroscopy observation of particular premineral molecules instead of more common but ultimately less related volatile organic compounds. Planets are created when grains aggregate, but how molecules form grains is an ongoing topic of discussion in astrophysics and planetary science. Using the spectroscopic data of molecules specifically involved in mineral formation could help to map regions where planet formation is believed to be occurring in order to examine the interplay between gas and dust. Four atoms are frequently associated with planetary formation: Fe, Si, Mg, and O. Magnesium, in particular, has been shown to be in higher relative abundance in planet-hosting stars. Magnesium oxide crystals comprise the mineral periclase making it the chemically simplest magnesium-bearing mineral and a natural choice for analysis. The monomer, dimer, and trimer forms of (MgO)_n with n = 1 - 3 are analyzed in this work using high-level quantum chemical computations known to produce accurate results. Strong vibrational transitions at 12.5 {\mu}m, 15.0 {\mu}m, and 16.5 {\mu}m are indicative of magnesium oxide monomer, dimer, and trimer making these wavelengths of particular interest for the observation of protoplanetary discs and even potentially planet-forming regions around stars. If such transitions are observed in emission from the accretion discs or absorptions from stellar spectra, the beginning stages of mineral and, subsequently, rocky body formation could be indicated.
Metabolic and Nutritional Consequences of Urinary Diversion Using Intestinal Segments to Reconstruct the Urinary Tract

Intestinal segments in various forms have been used to reconstruct the urinary tract since the mid-1800s. Currently, many different forms of continent and incontinent diversion options exist. Incorporating bowel mucosa within the urinary tract leads to predictable metabolic and nutritional consequences. The use of ileum or colon can cause a hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, osteoporosis, fat malabsorption, urinary calculi, and ammoniagenic encephalopathy. Due to metabolic and nutritional consequences associated with the use of jejunum and gastric segments, the use of these bowel segments is not recommended.
Ambient but not local lactate underlies neuronal tolerance to prolonged glucose deprivation

Neurons require a nearly constant supply of ATP. Glucose is the predominant source of brain ATP, but the direct effects of prolonged glucose deprivation on neuronal viability and function remain unclear. In sparse rat hippocampal microcultures, neurons were surprisingly resilient to 16 h glucose removal in the absence of secondary excitotoxicity. Neuronal survival and synaptic transmission were unaffected by prolonged removal of exogenous glucose. Inhibition of lactate transport decreased microculture neuronal survival during concurrent glucose deprivation, suggesting that endogenously released lactate is important for tolerance to glucose deprivation. Tandem depolarization and glucose deprivation also reduced neuronal survival, and trace glucose concentrations afforded neuroprotection. Mass cultures, in contrast to microcultures, were insensitive to depolarizing glucose deprivation, a difference attributable to increased extracellular lactate levels. Removal of local astrocyte support did not reduce survival in response to glucose deprivation or alter evoked excitatory transmission, suggesting that on-demand, local lactate shuttling is not necessary for neuronal tolerance to prolonged glucose removal. Taken together, these data suggest that endogenously produced lactate available globally in the extracellular milieu sustains neurons in the absence of glucose. A better understanding of resilience mechanisms in reduced preparations could lead to therapeutic strategies aimed to bolster these mechanisms in vulnerable neuronal populations.
Limiting motor skill knowledge via incidental training protects against choking under pressure

The paradoxical harmful effects of motivation and incentives on skilled performance (“choking under pressure”) are observed in a wide variety of motor tasks. Two theories of this phenomenon suggest that choking under pressure occurs due to maladaptive attention and top-down control, either through distraction away from the task or interference via an overreliance on controlled processing of a skilled task. A third theory, overmotivation (or overarousal), suggests that under pressure, “instinctive” or Pavlovian approach/withdrawal responses compete with the desired response. Only the two former theories predict that choking under pressure would be less likely to occur if an individual is unaware of the skill over which to assert top-down control. Here we show that only participants who train and perform with premovement cues that allowed for preparatory movement planning choke under pressure due to large monetary incentives, and that this effect is independent of the level of skill attained. We provide evidence that this might be due to increased movement variability under performance pressure. In contrast, participants trained incidentally to reduce explicit skill knowledge do not modulate performance on the basis of incentives and appear immune to choking. These results are most consistent with distraction theories of choking and suggest that training strategies that limit awareness may lead to skills that are more robust under performance pressure.
A Fatal Case of Adult-Onset Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis Secondary to Influenza A Virus (P5.398)

Objective: Acute necrotizing encephalitis (ANE) is a fulminant, para-infectious disease that has been classically described in pediatric populations in Eastern Asia. Since the first cases of ANE reported in 1995 in the setting of influenza outbreaks and pandemics, there have been only five published cases involving otherwise immunocompetent adults. In this study, we present a fatal case of Influenza A-associated ANE in a healthy 54 year old Caucasian male confirmed on MRI and brain autopsy studies. Background: A 54 year old Caucasian male presented with vomiting, vision changes, slurred speech and unsteady gait in the setting of recent presumed upper respiratory infection on doxycycline and prednisone. Neurologic status rapidly declined necessitating intubation and sedation. Patient had multiple MRI studies revealing progressive multifocal, symmetric T2FLAIR and T2* lesions involving the brainstem, thalami, external capsules, and hippocampi. Respiratory viral panel was positive for Influenza virus A, subtype H3. Workup for contributory infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune processes was otherwise unremarkable. Patient was treated with one gram methylprednisolone for five days followed by 20mg/kg of IVIG divided over five days. There was no clinical improvement, and family pursued comfort measures and terminal extubation. Autopsy studies revealed bilateral symmetrical foci of necrosis consistent with ANE. Design/Methods: NA Results: NA Conclusions: ANE is a rare, often serious neurologic sequelae of influenza infection precipitating rapid neurologic decline correlating with symmetric inflammatory and hemorrhagic lesions consistent with necrosis on MRI and biopsy studies. Pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear, though this case may support a prevailing theory that it is caused by an immune response to an external inflammatory process disrupting the blood-brain barrier via cytokine storm. There is no definitive treatment for ANE at this time, and treatment is empirical immunosuppression. Further studies are necessary to understand underlying pathogenesis, optimize medical management, and improve clinical outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Pulakanti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holland has nothing to disclose.
Methods for Selecting the Best Process

A statistical methodology using ranking and selection procedures should have many useful applications for quality engineers. This consists of a body of techniques which can, for example, be used to (1) identify the best process among several, (2) identi..
Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Kidney Tubule Injury in CKD: A Longitudinal Subgroup Analysis in SPRINT.

Background Random assignment to the intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) arm ( Study Design Longitudinal subgroup analysis of clinical trial participants. Settings & Participants Random sample of SPRINT participants with prevalent chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined as eGFR Outcomes & Measurements Urine biomarkers of tubule function (β2-microglobulin [B2M], α1-microglobulin [A1M]), and uromodulin), injury (interleukin 18, kidney injury molecule 1, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), and repair (human cartilage glycoprotein 40) at baseline, year 1, and year 4. Biomarkers were indexed to urine creatinine concentration and changes between arms were evaluated using mixed-effects linear models and an intention-to-treat approach. Results 978 SPRINT participants (519 in the intensive and 459 in the standard arm) with prevalent CKD were included. Mean age was 72±9 years and eGFR was 46.1±9.4mL/min/1.73m2 at baseline. Clinical characteristics, eGFR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, and all 8 biomarker values were similar across arms at baseline. Compared to the standard arm, eGFR was lower by 2.9 and 3.3mL/min/1.73m2 in the intensive arm at year 1 and year 4. None of the 8 tubule marker levels was higher in the intensive arm compared to the standard arm at year 1 or year 4. Two tubule function markers (B2M and A1M) were 29% (95% CI, 10%-43%) and 24% (95% CI, 10%-36%) lower at year 1 in the intensive versus standard arm, respectively. Limitations Exclusion of persons with diabetes, and few participants had advanced CKD. Conclusions Among participants with CKD in SPRINT, random assignment to the intensive SBP arm did not increase any levels of 8 urine biomarkers of tubule cell damage despite loss of eGFR. These findings support the hypothesis that eGFR declines in the intensive arm of SPRINT predominantly reflect hemodynamic changes rather than intrinsic damage to kidney tubule cells.
Tissue-informed engineering strategies for modeling human pulmonary diseases.

Chronic pulmonary diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary hypertension (PH), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), account for staggering morbidity and mortal...
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs): Device physics

Abstract Solar energy is a vast energy resource that is largely underutilized today. While solar photovoltaics (PVs) have existed for many decades, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are a relatively new solar cell technology. They possess a number of unique traits that may offer advantages over traditional PV designs in niche applications requiring low fabrication costs, mechanical flexibility, and transparency, among other characteristics. In this chapter, we present the basic working principles and characterization techniques of OPVs, including current voltage and quantum efficiency measurements, and discuss the mechanism of charge photogeneration. The excitonic nature of OPVs makes their operation fundamentally different from conventional inorganic PVs, and so we include a discussion of energy losses, including voltage losses, recombination, and resistance losses, specifically as they pertain to OPVs. Finally, we summarize promising directions for future research and discuss strategies that are utilized in current record-setting OPVs.