cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use Big Data to Analysis the Economic in China

China has made remarkable progress in its economic development over the past three decades, with most of the basic indicators showing remarkably good results on the surface. This paper mainly investigated databases such as World Bank, Trading Economic, and CEIC, and compared the data with those of other countries. On the surface, although China’s economy has developed rapidly in the first three decades, the potential problems and disadvantages deserve attention as well as the advantages that have contributed to its rapid development. Moreover, after analyzing the data, it can be found that the Matthew effect and the overall development slowdown in the society were actually reflected ten years ago. Therefore, if China wants to maintain its current high development rate, there are still many areas for improvement. Finally, after analyzing the data in various databases, this paper reevaluates the actual economic development trend of China in the past 30 years, its own advantages, internal problems, and future hidden dangers.
The Changing and Unchanging Nature and Salary of the First Job in Local TV News

Past studies (by Lee Becker and me) have shown that almost all new local TV news hires of recent college graduates are among journalism, broadcast and communication majors. The industry has always ...
Assessment of Mental Retardation with the WISC-III

Publisher Summary This chapter overviews the definition, etiology and the behavioral aspects of mental retardation (MR). Along with this, it also focuses on the use of the Wechsler intelligence scale for children-third edition (WISC-III) as an important assessment instrument in the complete evaluation of an individual with MR. Adaptive functioning along with the level of MR is also noteworthy in the classification of the individual. When a discrepancy between the IQ score and degree of adaptive deficit occurs, the clinician is required to administer alternative measures of intelligence or adaptive functioning to clarify the ability levels of the individual. The chapter also asserts that a diagnosis of MR can be undertaken only after careful interpretation of the entire clinical data structure, background information, history, intellectual and adaptive behavior measures, academic achievements, and several other factors appropriate to a particular individual. MR may exist concurrently with the other developmental deformities, mental, and neurological disabilities.
Chapter 1. Novel Antipsychotic Agents

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multiple biochemical substrates that may play a role in antipsychotic drug action. Although all currently marketed antipsychotic agents are effective in ameliorating the symptoms of psychosis, they all possess unwanted side effects. These side effects range from akathista, acute dystonia, Parkinsonism, anticholinergic effects, hypotension, increased prolactin levels, and eventually to tardive dyskinesia. Because of the limitations of currently available antipsychotic drugs, the search continues for compounds with fewer deleterious side effects and better efficacy. Several classes of antipsychotic compounds have been developed so far. In spite of their considerable structural diversity, all these agents appear to share an ability to directly or indirectly modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission. Dopaminergic compounds are currently classified into three categories based on their mechanism of action: dopamine (DA) receptor (D1 and/or D2) antagonists, dopamine partial agonists, and selective DA autoreceptor agonists. The recent identification of a second molecular form of the D2 receptor is likely to pave the way for exciting developments in this field. In recent times, many atypical antipsychotic agents have also been developed. These drugs demonstrate either D2 receptor antagonist selectivity (for example, benzamides, such as remoxipride) or regional specificity, by acting preferentially on mesolimbic and mesocortical DA pathways (for example, clozapine).
Integer Multiplication in PARSAC-2 on Stock Microprocessors

We study the practical performance of three algorithms for integer multiplication, “school-book,” Karatsuba, and 3-primes FFT. We compare portable solutions written in C versus non-portable solutions with assembly subroutines, and we examine the influence of CISC versus RISC processor architecture, in particular the NS 32332 versus Sun's SPARC. We also determine the gains from a parallelization on a shared memory Encore Multimax under Mach. Our software environment is PARSAC-2, a multi-threaded, parallel extension of SAC-2.
Shock-tube measurements of the vibration- vibration energy exchange probability for the CO-N2 system

Shock tube measurements of vibration-vibration energy exchange probability in nitrogen-carbon monoxide-argon mixtures
Crystalline to amorphous transition of disodium hydrogen phosphate during primary drying.

Purpose. To monitor the phase transitions during freeze-drying of disodium hydrogen phosphate.
The Age of the Galactic Inner Halo

Are the inner regions of the Galaxy younger, older or the same age as the outer halo? We have undertaken a study of globular clusters which lie within 4–5 kpc of the Galactic center. Here we present results for three of these clusters: NGC 6723, NGC 6352 and NGC 5927. We have constructed cluster color-magnitude diagrams from which we have determined their ages using the magnitude difference between the horizontal branch and main-sequence turnoff following the procedure of Carney, Storm & Jones (1992, CSJ). We find that 47 Tue, NGC 6352 and NGC 6723 are coeval to within the errors, while NGC 5927 appears younger. The figure below is a reproduction of Figure 20 of CSJ with our clusters added.
Cluster structure of K-means clustering via principal component analysis

K-means clustering is a popular data clustering algorithm. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used statistical technique for dimension reduction. Here we prove that principal components are the continuous solutions to the discrete cluster membership indicators for K-means clustering, with a clear simplex cluster structure. Our results prove that PCA-based dimension reductions are particularly effective for K-means clustering. New lower bounds for K-means objective function are derived, which is the total variance minus the eigenvalues of the data covariance matrix.
Roles of ectodermal and endodermal epithelial cells in hydra morphogenesis: Construction of chimeric strains

A method is described for constructing chimeric hydra that consist of ectoderm from one strain of hydra and endoderm from a different strain. A ring of vitally stained tissue (ectoderm and endoderm) is grafted into an unmarked polyp. Differential movement of the ectoderm and endoderm eventually results in chimeric regions which are visible as marked ectoderm overlying unmarked endoderm and unmarked ectoderm overlying marked endoderm. These chimeric regions are then excised and each is allowed to regenerate, forming a whole chimeric animal. Isolated chimeric regions smaller than 0.5 mm in length were grafted into nitrogen mustard treated animals as hosts for in vivo culturing. Reciprocal chimeras between the 40L strain of H. magnipapillata (40L) and H. attenuata (Ha) were used to illustrate the effectiveness of the method for constructing chimeras. These two strains are different in body morphology, size, and color. The [40L ectoderm/Ha endoderm] chimera has 40L shape but is the size and color of Ha. The [Ha ectoderm/40L endoderm] chimera resembles Ha in body shape but is the size and color of 40L. The stability of these traits indicates that the original parental lineage of the epithelial cells is maintained in the chimeric hydra.
Convergence and conditioning of a Nyström method for Stokes flow in exterior three-dimensional domains

Convergence and conditioning results are presented for the lowest-order member of a family of Nystrom methods for arbitrary, exterior, three-dimensional Stokes flow. The flow problem is formulated in terms of a recently introduced two-parameter, weakly singular boundary integral equation of the second kind. In contrast to methods based on product integration, coordinate transformation and singularity subtraction, the family of Nystrom methods considered here is based on a local polynomial correction determined by an auxiliary system of moment equations. The polynomial correction is designed to remove the weak singularity in the integral equation and provide control over the approximation error. Here we focus attention on the lowest-order method of the family, whose implementation is especially simple. We outline a convergence theorem for this method and illustrate it with various numerical examples. Our examples show that well-conditioned, accurate approximations can be obtained with reasonable meshes for a range of different geometries.
Human Rights, Care Ethics and Situated Universal Norms

: As interest in the relationship between geography and ethics grows, it becomes important to examine how different approaches to ethical philosophy may fit with geographic scholarship. To that end, this article focuses on a particular approach to ethical responsibility—international human rights law—and asks how that approach can be put into conversation with discussions in geography about morality, distance and care. It explores three contributions of such a conversation: first, it examines how the relational ontology of care ethics provides a new perspective on the moral value of human rights, so that the relationships and context in question drive the relative value of rights. Second, the article discusses contributions that human rights can bring to questions of caring across distance. Finally, it unpacks the duties that accompany human rights and questions the scope of duty that attaches to the norm of equality.
Immunological characterization of K+ channel components from the Shaker locus and differential distribution of splicing variants in drosophila

Antibodies were raised to three portions of the predicted sequences of Shaker, a gene that encodes a family of K+ channel components that are produced by the alternative splicing of transcripts. On immunoblots, the protein products appear to be 65,000-85,000 daltons in size. No smaller products were detected. Immunocytochemistry has revealed a nonuniform distribution of Shaker products in the brain of the adult fly. By comparing antisera directed against regions shared by all the splicing variants to antisera that are directed against one particular group of splicing variants, we have determined that there is a differential distribution of that group of variants. Thus, the alternative splicing of Shaker transcripts appears to produce different subtypes of A-channels in different tissues.
A symmetry of the string background field equations

Abstract We investigate the effect of duality transformations on the geometries of a subclass of two-dimensional non-linear sigma-models. We identify the torsion which appears on dualizing such a model, initially without Wess-Zumino-Witten term, as the field strength of the gauge connection appearing in a Kaluza-Klein interpretation of the initial geometry. We show that duality preserves quantum conformal invariance at order [α′]0, where α′ is the string tension parameter, provided the change induced in the geometry by duality is accompanied by a shift in the dilaton field. We interpret these combined transformations as a symmetry of the order [α′]0 string background field equations.
Place, Space, and Time in the Sign of Property

Property is a complex sign in semiotics. It is also the source of tension and conflict in law. This paper examines property in triadic terms consisting of what Charles S. Peirce would identify as the icon (firstness), the index (secondness), and the symbol (thirdness). From this perspective the paper explores the ideas of place, space, and time at the iconic level of the sign of property. Discussion addresses the way in which property serves as a coded system for communicating information about a given community’s values and its cultural-interpretive hierarchy. Much like an aboriginal songline, property functions as a way of imprinting the land with impressions of social ordering related to place, space, and time. In the context of global trade we therefore observe property conflicts which are sometimes not so much about the technical language of property as they are about tensions among the embedded values in competing signs of property.
Lipid transport in the migrating Monarch butterfly,Danaus p. plexippus

The transport of lipid in the haemolymph of the Monarch butterfly during its fall migration was examined. Diglyceride was the major lipid class of 2 electrophoretically distinct lipoprotein fractions in both males and females. Triglycerides, hydrocarbons, free fatty acids, phosphatidyl cholines and phosphatidyl ethanolamines were minor components of these lipoproteins. Differences in lipid transport attributable to sex were not detected.
Relationship between human alpha-galactosidase isozymes.

FABRY'S disease is a glycolipid storage disorder characterized by a deficiency of α-galactosidase activity1. There are at least two α-galactosidase isozymes in human tissues; the predominant form (α-galactosidase A) is thermolabile, has a low K m for the artificial substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl α-galactoside and moves rapidly electrophoretically at pH 7.0. This enzyme appears to be absent in Fabry's disease. The other isozyme (α-galactosidase B) is thermostable, has a high K m for 4-mefhylumbelliferyl α-galactoside and although it is in normal or increased amounts in Fabry's disease2,3, it is unable to hydrolyse the glycolipid ceramide trihexoside, which accumulates in Fabry's disease (Ho, M. W., personal communication).
Computerized Bar Code–Based Blood Identification Systems and Near-Miss Transfusion Episodes and Transfusion Errors

Abstract Objective To determine whether the use of a computerized bar code–based blood identification system resulted in a reduction in transfusion errors or near-miss transfusion episodes. Patients and Methods Our institution instituted a computerized bar code–based blood identification system in October 2006. After institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective study of transfusion errors from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2005, and from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2010. Results A total of 388,837 U were transfused during the 2002-2005 period. There were 6 misidentification episodes of a blood product being transfused to the wrong patient during that period (incidence of 1 in 64,806 U or 1.5 per 100,000 transfusions; 95% CI, 0.6-3.3 per 100,000 transfusions). There was 1 reported near-miss transfusion episode (incidence of 0.3 per 100,000 transfusions; 95% CI, P =.14). There were 34 reported near-miss transfusion errors (incidence of 11.2 per 100,000 transfusions; 95% CI, 7.7-15.6 per 100,000 transfusions; P Conclusion Institution of a computerized bar code–based blood identification system was associated with a large increase in discovered near-miss events.
Recovery of phase inconsistencies in continuously moving table extended field of view magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions

MR images formed using extended FOV continuously moving table data acquisition can have signal falloff and loss of lateral spatial resolution at localized, periodic positions along the direction of table motion. In this work we identify the origin of these artifacts and provide a means for correction. The artifacts are due to a mismatch of the phase of signals acquired from contiguous sampling fields of view and are most pronounced when the central k-space views are being sampled. Correction can be performed using the phase information from a periodically sampled central view to adjust the phase of all other views of that view cycle, making the net phase uniform across each axial plane. Results from experimental phantom and contrast-enhanced peripheral MRA studies show that the correction technique substantially eliminates the artifact for a variety of phase encode orders.
Sensor source location privacy based on random perturbations

Sensor source location privacy, which means to protect source sensors' locations of network traffic, is an emerging topic in wireless sensor networks, because it cannot be fully addressed by traditional cryptographic mechanisms, such as encryption and authentication. Current source location privacy schemes, assuming either a local attack model or a global attack model, have limitations. For example, schemes under a global attack model are subject to a so called ‘01’ attack. Targeting on solving this attack under a global attack model, we propose two perturbation schemes, one based on Uniform distribution and the other based on Gaussian distribution. We analyze the security properties of these two schemes. We also simulate them and compare them with previous schemes, with the results showing that the proposed perturbation schemes can improve the source location privacy significantly.
Modulation by bryostatin 1 of the in vitro radioprotective effects of the GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein, PIXY 321, on normal human myeloid progenitors

We have examined the effect of the macrocyclic lactone PK-C activator, bryostatin 1, on the in vitro radioprotective capacity of the GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein, PIXY 321, toward normal committed myeloid progenitors (day 14 CFU-GM). Preincubation of CD 34+ cells for 24 h with 10 ng/ml PIXY 321 exerted significant radioprotective effects on these progenitors, (D = 1.403 vs 0.715 for controls), which were at least as great as those previously reported for higher concentrations (e.g., 50 ng/ml) or rGM-CSF. In contrast to the results of earlier studies involving rGM-CSF, preincubation of cells with both PIXY 321 and 10 nM bryostatin 1 did not lead to an increase in radioprotective effect when the total number of day 14 colonies was assessed. However, combinations of PIXY 321 and bryostatin 1 (or the tumour-promoting PK-C activator, PDBu) significantly increased the relative percentage and absolute number of surviving non-eosinophilic colonies (e.g., pure neutrophil, pure monocyte-macrophage, or mixed neutrophil-macrophage) at each radiation dose level. A similar pattern of response was noted in cells irradiated without a preconditioning interval, and in cells exposed to divided radiation doses. These results indicate that the GM-CSF/IL-3 fusion protein PIXY 321 exhibits significant in vitro radioprotective effects toward normal human bone marrow myeloid progenitors, and that co-administration of PK-C activators such as bryostatin 1 of PDBu selectively augments the radioprotective capacity of this hybrid cytokine toward non-eosinophilic elements.
Cytogenetics of protoplast cultures of Brachycome dichromosomatica and Crepis capillaris and regeneration of plants.

Callus derived protoplasts of Brachycome dichromosomatica (2n=2x=4) and Crepis capillaris (2n=2x=6) have been regenerated into karyologically normal plants, i.e. plants without visible alterations of the diploid chromosome set. However, metaphase analysis of protoplast cultures derived from both callus as well as mesophyll cells showed karyological changes in the overwhelming majority of cells in both species leading to multinucleated, polyploid and aneuploid cells. Furthermore, callus derived protoplasts sometimes exhibited changes at the chromosome level as indicated by translocations. The vast majority of aberrant karyotypes arose from failures during mitosis and cytokinesis, pointing to inadequate microtubules as a possible underlying cause. Karyological events of the kind described herein greatly affect the plating efficiency of isolated protoplasts and the viability of protoplast derived calli. Plant regeneration, although demonstrated in this study for the first time in both species, seems to be limited to rarely occurring, protoplast-derived colonies with a relatively stable genome. Our experiments, performed with chromosomal model species, emphasize the need for controlled, non-mutagenic culture conditions.
Rate coefficients for O + H2 → OH + H and O + D2 → OD + D by kinetic laser absorption spectroscopy in shock waves

Abstract Rate coefficient expressions for O + H 2 → OH + H (5H) and O + D 2 → OD + D (5D) over the temperature ranges 1600–2250 and 2370–3390 K, respectively, of k 5H = 3.7 × 10 14 exp( −65 kJ/ RT ) and k 5D = 4.7 × 10 14 exp( −74 kJ/ RT ) cm 3 mol −1 s −1 were derived from laser absorption spectroscopic measurements in shock-heated H 2 O 2 Ar, H 2 N 2 OAr and D 2  mixtures. The expression K 5D = 1.2 × 10 8 T 1.72 exp( −4880/ T ) cm 3 mol −1 s −1 was derived for the temperature range 340–3390 K by combining our measurements with those of earlier studies. The isotope effect k 5H / k 5D was found to be in agreement with theoretical expectation in the temperature range studied.
Aspects of Legal Expense Insurance: A Review of Four New Publications

The primary purpose of this article is to review the American Prepaid Legal Services Institute's Prepaid Legal Services Regulation Reporter,' Roger D. Billings's Prepaid Legal Services,2 the National Resource Center for Consumers of Legal Service's Group Legal Service Plans,3 and Erhard Blankenburg's Legal Insurance, Litigant Decisions and the Rising Caseloads of Courts: A West German Study." It also provides an opportunity for a general comment on the state of legal expense insurance in the United States.' To see the relatively new subject of legal expense insurance (a term we
A model for induction motor aggregation for power system studies

Abstract This paper proposes a new model for aggregating a group of induction motors for system studies. The aggregation method developed here is based on the transformer-type variation of the equivalent circuit. A grouping criteria is used to classify homogeneous motors into different groups. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the results obtained from the aggregate motor with the sum of the individual motors.
Surplus Expenditures: A Case Study of Colorado

In this study the concept of surplus expenditures is introduced, and a theory of surplus expenditures is explored. The study examines the disposition of surplus revenues that emerged from the imposition of a binding tax and spending limit in Colorado. The study concludes that the accumulation of surplus revenue requires a major overhaul of budgetary reporting and decision making to reflect the impact of binding tax and spending limits on the budgetary process. The reporting recommendations are designed to make the budget more transparent and provide both taxpayers and legislators the information they need to make more rational decisions. The policy recommendations explore options for a more efficient and equitable disposition of surplus revenue.
Pronouns and pronominal descriptions: A new semantical category

Critiquant les theories des descriptions definies qui traitent ces expressions comme des pronoms dont la reference est anaphorique ou semblable a celle de variables liees d'un calcul des predicats logique, l'A. propose qu'on les traite comme des parametres semblables a ceux qu'utilisent les systemes logiques de deduction naturelle de type Gentzen ou Fitch.
Effect of diethyl maleate on the biliary excretion rate of infused sulfobromophthalein-glutathione

Diethyl maleate (DEM) was given intraperitoneally to rats in a dose (4.3 mmoles/kg) known to markedly decrease glutathione levels in liver. DEM induced a choleresis previously shown to be due to the osmotic activity of DEM conjugates (DEM-glutathione and subsequent metabolic products) excreted into bile. Coincident with the choleresis, the biliary excretory Tm for the infused glutathione conjugate of sulfobromophthalein (BSP-GSH) was depressed significantly. The data are interpreted as indicating that DEM-GSH conjugates compete with BSP-GSH conjugates for a canalicular carrier mechanism.
Private Support, Public Alienation: Whistle-Blowers and the Paradox of Social Support

Blowing the whistle on organizational wrongdoing is a stressful process, complicated by the prevalence of interpersonal and organizational retaliation, including the possibility of slander, physical intimidation, and death threats. This study provides insight on how whistle-blowers experience and characterize social support throughout the whistle-blowing process. Qualitative analysis of 13 in-depth interviews with whistle-blowers in the collegiate sports industry revealed whistle-blowers experienced reduced social support as a result of blowing the whistle. Problematic conditions related to whistle-blowers' experience of social support included the duality of private support but public alienation, diminished size of social support networks, and apathy from the affected organizations. Although whistle-blowers received some support from friends and colleagues in private settings, those same individuals avoided the whistle-blower in public contexts. Themes of private support/public alienation, diminished sup...
Importance of charge independent effects in readout of the trimethyllysine mark by HP1 chromodomain.

Histone modifications are implicated in epigenetic inheritance and are of central importance in regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. A prototype example is the trimethylation (Me3) of lysine 9 on histone 3 (H3), which is a readout by an aromatic cage of the chromodomain of heterochromatin-associated protein 1 (HP1) thereby leading to transcriptional repression and heterochromatin formation. Considering that the lysine methylation does not change the charge state of the histone tail and such aromatic-cage mediated recognition of the quaternary ammonium moiety is emerging as the most striking mechanistic commonality for the state-specific recognition of histone lysine methylation, it is of particular interest and importance to understand the physical origin regarding how the aromatic cage distinguishes between the H3K9Me3 mark and its unmethylated counterpart. Here we have simulated relative binding free energies among HP1 chromodomain−H3 tail complexes differing at position 9 of the H3 tail....
Uptake and transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by migratory, filter-feeding fish

From bottlenose dolphins, to walruses, to sea otters, the parasitic protozoan Toxoplasma gondii is infecting marine mammals around the world. Whereas the terrestrial transmission pathways of T. gondii are well-described, the transmission pathway by which marine mammals are being infected is unknown. We hypothesize that migratory filter feeders, specifically northern anchovies (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardines (Sardinops sagax), are serving as biotic vectors for T. gondii within the marine environment. By filtering oocysts from seawater, these fishes could be transporting the oocysts from nearshore to pelagic environments. In this study, we experimentally exposed northern anchovies and Pacific sardines to T. gondii oocysts under laboratory conditions. Following exposure, the fishes' alimentary canals were harvested and assayed for the presence of T. gondii by PCR. Fish exposed to as few as 1197 oocysts/L seawater tested positive for T. gondii by PCR. In total, the PCR assay detected T. gondii DNA in 66% (40/61) of the exposed fishes. Oocyst infectivity was confirmed by mouse bioassay: 30% (7/23) of mice developed toxoplasmosis when fed fish exposed to 100,000 oocysts/L. This study demonstrates that both northern anchovies and Pacific sardines can filter T. gondii oocysts out of seawater under experimental conditions. Our experiments with anchovies demonstrated that the oocysts persisted in the fish for at least 8h post-exposure and our experiments with sardines demonstrated that the oocysts remained infectious inside the fish's alimentary canals.
Structural characteristics, electrical conduction and dielectric properties of gadolinium substituted cobalt ferrite

Abstract Gadolinium (Gd) substituted cobalt ferrites (CoFe 2− x Gd x O 4 , referred to CFGO) with variable Gd content ( x = 0.0–0.4) have been synthesized by solid state reaction method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, chemistry, electrical conduction and dielectric properties of CFGO compounds have been evaluated. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that CFGO crystallize in the inverse spinel phase. The CFGO compounds exhibit lattice expansion due to substitution of larger Gd ions into the crystal lattice. Gd-substitution induced smooth microstructure and particle size reduction is evident in electron microscopy analyses. Frequency dependent dielectric measurements at room temperature obey the modified Debye model with a relaxation time of ∼10 −4 s and a spreading factor of 0.244–0.616. The frequency ( f = 20 Hz–1 MHz) and temperature ( T = 30–900 °C) dependent dielectric constant analyses indicate that pure CFO exhibits two dielectric relaxations in the frequency range of 1–10 kHz while Gd substituted CFO compositions exhibit only single relaxation at 1 kHz. The dielectric constant of CFGO is temperature independent up to ∼550 °C. The dielectric constant increases with T > 550 °C. Dielectric constant of CoFe 2− x Gd x O 4 ceramics is also enhanced compared to pure CoFe 2 O 4 due to the lattice distortion upon Gd incorporation. The tan δ (loss tangent)– T data reveals the typical behavior of relaxation loses in CFGO. Activation energy of the dielectric relaxation calculated employing Arrhenius equation varies from 0.564 to 0.668 (±0.003) eV with increasing x values from 0.0 to 0.4. Thermally activated small polaron hopping mechanism is evident in temperature dependent electrical properties of CFGO. The effect of Gd-substitution in CFO is remarkable on the resistivity and, hence, activation energy; both increases with increasing Gd content. A two-layer heterogeneous model consisting of semiconducting grains separated by insulating grain boundaries was able to account for the observed temperature and frequency dependent electrical properties in CFGO ceramics. The results demonstrate that the crystal structure, microstructure, electrical and dielectric properties can be tailored by tuning Gd-content in the CFGO compounds.
Laser action in strongly scattering rare-earth-metal-doped dielectric nanophosphors

We report continuous-wave laser action in two oxide nanopowders doped with ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ ions. To our knowledge, these are the first observations of stimulated emission from electrically pumped random media in which scattering and distributed feedback scale lengths are much shorter than a wavelength. The continuous nature of the laser emission in small volumes (on the order of a cubic wavelength) of these low gain systems, and the absence of coherent speckle, provide compelling evidence that these results are mediated by strong Anderson localization of light.
Formal Verification of a Real-Time Hardware Design

As hardware systems continue to grow more complex, formal methods for their design and verification become increasingly important. In this paper, we develop the design and formal specifications for the receiver section of an Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. Though no mechanical verification has been done, such a development methodology is essential for formal verification. The emphasis here is on transforming informal specifications into formal ones, and showing how these formal specifications impact the design. The specification process helps us in formulating bounds on the relative drift between the receiver and transmitter clocks. We then develop the design in a top-down manner using a hardware description language which borrows from both APL and PASCAL.
A gap dynamic model of mangrove forest development along gradients of soil salinity and nutrient resources

1 A gap dynamic model ( FORMAN) was developed as a first synthesis of available data for three Caribbean mangrove species into an individual-based model that simulates the long-term dynamics of mangrove forest development. 2 Field observations at three sites along the Shark River estuary were compared with simulation results, assuming development following Hurricane Donna in 1960. Total basal area simulated for each site was within ±10% of that observed, although species-specific basal area predictions were less accurate. 3 A decrease in nutrient availability from marine to mesohaline sites modelled the reduced basal area of Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. However, at the lower nutrient site a 83% reduction in maximum sapling recruitment of both A. germinans and L. racemosa was required to fit field results. Increased basal area of A. germinans and L. racemosa limited the development of Rhizophora mangle at higher nutrient downstream sites, apparently due to competition for light resources. Both observed and simulated results indicated that R. mangle had higher frequencies in the smaller size classes at all three sites, compared to a bell-shaped size-class distribution of L. racemosa, particularly at the higher nutrient sites. 4 Succession was projected for the next 500 years at a site in the lower estuary. Long-term forest dynamics were sensitive to species-specific maximum sapling recruitment rates. In the absence of large-scale disturbance, initial dominance by L. racemosa was predicted to be replaced eventually by A. germinans, even when maximum sapling recruitment rate of A. germinans was set at half of L. racemosa and R. mangle. 5 Response curves for each species along gradients of soil nutrient resource and salinity illustrated their relative competitive balance over time (up to 300 years). Laguncularia racemosa dominated in fertile soils with low salinity at early stages of recovery, but its abundance decreased over time while A. germinans increased. The dominance of R. mangle was limited to regions with low nutrient availability and low salinity. Avicennia germinans dominated at higher salinities, where the effect of nutrient availability was overwhelmed by the tolerance of individual species to salt stress.
A physically-based radar calibration method for improved rainfall estimation: application to the Fort-Collins flash flood of 1997

This article presents the development of an approach to calibrate weather radar, by applying the method of the Marching–Jury Backward Beam Equation (J. Atmadja and A.C. Bagtzoglou, Pollution source identification in heterogeneous porous media, Water Resour. Res. 37, (2001), pp. 2113–2125; A.C. Bagtzoglou and J. Atmadja, The marching-jury backward beam equation and quasi-reversibility methods for hydrologic inversion: Application to contaminant plume spatial distribution recovery, Water Resour. Res. 39 (2003), p. 1038; A.C. Bagtzoglou and S. Baun, Near real-time atmospheric contamination source identification by an optimization-based inverse method, Inv. Prob. Sc. Eng. 13 (2005), pp. 261–278), coupled to physically-based discrete Fourier image processing techniques. We have enhanced the method by integrating an optimization scheme that takes as input parameters the stabilization parameter and the pseudo coefficient of diffusion. The objective function is set as a weighted sum of different mass and peak err...
Collaborative Healthcare Immersive Learning Dynamic: transitioning to simulation-based learning.

Purpose This article describes an innovation representing a paradigm shift away from the traditional nursing skills fair passive method of learning toward a dynamic, immersive learning experience utilizing simulation. Background There are many hospitals that review yearly competencies through a skills fair methodology. There is no evidence to support that this method of education and training has any direct correlation to better nursing care at the bedside, enhanced patient outcomes, or retained knowledge or skills. DESCRIPTION OF THE INNOVATION/OUTCOME: We describe the process of successfully transitioning from traditional skills fairs to simulation-based skills fairs called CHILD (Collaborative Healthcare Immersive Learning Dynamic). Implications With this pioneering approach, institutions can reallocate funds and utilize simulation to more effectively provide education, training, and competency validation.
Studies on the formation of porphyrinogens from monopyrroles in presence of the enzymes PBG deaminase and/or Uro’gen III synthase

The substrate-specificities of two enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway to vitamin B12, PBG deaminase and Uro’gen III synthase, which are involved in the formation of Uro’gen III from the pyrrole PBG, are investigated for the preparation of Uroporphyrin analogs. Both enzymes display strong substrate-specificity. However, tetramerization of pyrroles with carboxylate β-substituents in mildly basic buffer represents the best and most rapid route to a family of Uro I analogs for enzymatic activity studies.
Not Home Alone: International Issues Surrounding The Travelling Child

This is an exploratory study of the attention or more obvious the lack of attention given to public policy regarding the travelling child. There is very little information and less consistency on the variety of health and safety issues that may endanger children. Indeed, pets are required to have more documentation and safety regimens than children. As a consequence of policy in attention to the travelling child, children are at risk from traffickers and parental abductions, as well as health and security risks of which they and their parents may be unaware. International policy largely consists of non-binding advice, and as demonstrated, carrier by carrier decisions regarding travel whether alone or with parents. The lack of international policy or even national policies also leaves the tourism industry vulnerable and in chaos with respect to the care of children. The paper documents a variety of areas in which international public policy is needed to protect the millions of travelling children.
Phase behavior of blends of high temperature copolycarbonates with styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers

The phase behavior of blends of copolycarbonates containing 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanone and bisphenol-A repeat units with styrene/acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN) was examined by differential scanning calorimetry or time resolved light scattering. No combination of the copolycarbonates or SAN materials proved to be miscible. Some of the blends studied become cloudy upon heating, which is explained by index of refraction changes with temperature rather than a lower critical solution temperature.
Rapid in vivo analysis of synthetic promoters for plant pathogen phytosensing

We aimed to engineer transgenic plants for the purpose of early detection of plant pathogen infection, which was accomplished by employing synthetic pathogen inducible promoters fused to reporter genes for altered phenotypes in response to the pathogen infection. Toward this end, a number of synthetic promoters consisting of inducible regulatory elements fused to a red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter were constructed for use in phytosensing. For rapid analysis, an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay was evaluated, then utilized to assess the inducibility of each synthetic promoter construct in vivo. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) leaves were infiltrated with Agrobacterium harboring the individual synthetic promoter-reporter constructs. The infiltrated tobacco leaves were re-infiltrated with biotic (bacterial pathogens) or abiotic (plant defense signal molecules salicylic acid, ethylene and methyl jasmonate) agents 24 and 48 hours after initial agroinfiltration, followed by RFP measurements at relevant time points after treatment. These analyses indicated that the synthetic promoter constructs were capable of conferring the inducibility of the RFP reporter in response to appropriate phytohormones and bacterial pathogens, accordingly. These observations demonstrate that the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression is an efficient method for in vivo assays of promoter constructs in less than one week. Our results provide the opportunity to gain further insights into the versatility of the expression system as a potential tool for high-throughput in planta expression screening prior to generating stably transgenic plants for pathogen phytosensing. This system could also be utilized for temporary phytosensing; e.g., not requiring stably transgenic plants.
Note on some problems in interpreting migration data from the 1960 Census of population

Movements of young men into and out of the armed forces and youth entering and leaving the college population are an important component of the migration between 1955 and 1960 recorded in the 1960 Census of the, United States. Measures of the migration behavior of persons in the armed forces or attending college at the end of the period (1960) are presented to show the substantial volume of these special types of movement. Under 1960 Census procedures, no corresponding measures of the migration behavior of persons in the armed forces or attending college at the beginning of the period (1955) can be obtained. A sizeable number of the “migrants,” especially the young and well educated, identified in the 1960 Censuses must be persons who were in the armed forces or away at college in 1955 and, by 1960, had completed their military service or their education and returned to their previous places of residence.
Anatomy and Function of the Tendon of the Long Head of the Biceps Muscle

This study reviews available information on the anatomy of the long head of the biceps tendon and its function in the shoulder. The tendon appears during the sixth to seventh week of gestation, and developmental anomalies in the form of absence or ectopic position have been described. The tendon has dual origin from the supraglenoid tubercle and glenoid labrum and courses toward the bicipital groove, protected by suspension sling in the rotator interval. The morphology of the bicipital groove has significant variability, affects the biomechanics of the tendon, and certain morphologic characteristics have been implicated in the development of bicipital tendinitis. Stability in the bicipital groove is inferred by the subscapularis tendon as well as the supraspinatus and coracohumeral ligament. The tendon has no avascular areas and contains sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers. Significant controversy exists regarding the exact function of the long head of the biceps tendon. The tendon depresses the humeral head in the glenoid and augments the stability of the glenohumeral joint. This role appears to be more prominent in the setting of a coexisting rotator cuff tear or shoulder instability.
Electrical Engineering Hall of Fame: Nikola Tesla

In 1916, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) selected Nikola Tesla as the seventh recipient of the Edison Medal. He was cited for his "early original work in polyphase and high-frequency electrical currents." Tesla's AC induction motor had proved to be a key element in making AC power a viable alternative to the once dominant DC system associated with the name of Thomas A. Edison. Descendants of Tesla's motor still serve us in myriad applications in our homes, industry, and transportation.
Biopolymer coated clay particles for the adsorption of tungsten from water

Abstract Biopolymer coated clay (i.e. chitosan coated montmorillonite clay called biosorbent) particles were synthesized. The effects of tungsten concentration in feed water (20–500 ppm) and water pH (4, 5.5 and 6.4) on the zeta potential of adsorbent particles, tungsten removal, and adsorption equilibrium were studied using biosorbent and natural clay. Coating clay particles with chitosan shifts the net surface charge of clay from negative to positive and the point of zero charge (PZC) of clay from 2.8 and 5.8. The net surface charge of biosorbent particles decreases with an increase in the tungsten concentration of feed water because the positively charged sites are consumed by the adsorption of tungsten anions. Biosorbent was found to be much more effective than natural clay for the removal of tungsten. The tungsten removal efficiencies of both biosorbent and natural clay decrease with an increase in the pH level and an increase in the tungsten concentration of the feed water. Adsorption equilibrium studies show that tungsten removal is the highest at pH 4. Adsorption equilibrium data were modeled with the Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms and the model parameters were obtained. Adsorption oftungsten species on both biosorbent and natural clay seemed to obey Langmuir isotherm within the range of concentrations and pH investigated. The maximum tungsten adsorption capacities of chitosan, biosorbent and natural clay were found to be 632 mg tungsten/g of chitosan, 23.9 mg tungsten/g of biosorbent, and 5.45 mg tungsten/g of natural clay at pH 4, respectively. The tungsten species adsorption on biosorbent was found to be governed by the ionic attraction between the protonated surface groups on chitosan and the negatively charged tungsten species. Whereas, the tungsten species adsorption on natural clay is governed by the positively charged clay particle edges formed by broken bonds of Al-O and Si-O.
Statistical and biological definitions of “anatomically modern” humans: Suggestions for a unified approach to modern morphology

Much of the recent literature on the origin of modern humans has been plagued by an inability of the participants in the debate to agree on what constitutes “anatomically modern” morphology. An upshot of this disagreement has been an ongoing set of debates over which specimens are or are not anatomically modern and whether various fossil specimens such as the Florisbad cranium, Vindija Neanderthals, Klasies River Mouth mandibles, or Skhul-Qafzeh hominins, all of which arguably possess some supposedly “modern” traits, qualify as genuinely “modern.” Such decisions frequently have implications with regard to how we reconstruct later hominin phylogenies and, ultimately, how we reconstruct the behaviors, adaptations, and evolution of Middle-Late Pleistocene African hominins and their contemporaries.
Construction of iso-concentration sedimentation velocities using Z-axis translating laser light scattering

Abstract The development of functionally gradient microstructures is an important materials process design enhancement. But model verification of functionally graded microstructures depends on generating usable dynamic iso-concentration sedimentation profiles that are often difficult to obtain using metal matrix composite microstructures or even simpler liquid models. Here, we show results on dispersion settling similar to other published dispersions using a Z-axis translating laser light scattering (ZATLLS) unit. Model experiments tracked sedimentation velocities of a dispersion of 10 wt.% ground glass spheres in water. A calibration curve of transmitted light versus concentration was constructed and as a result, iso-concentration sedimentation velocities can be inferred given the generation of discrete data at millimeter level translational resolution. The results indicate that there is a subtle difference in the iso-concentration sedimentation velocities ranging between 0.19 and 0.24 μm s−1 for mass fractions between 0.1 and 0.3 mass% of glass particles in solution. The particle size distribution led to different gradients at the different mass fractions.