cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inflammation-induced Iron Transport and Metabolism by Brain Microglia

Microglia are immune cells of the central nervous system and are implicated in brain inflammation. However, how brain microglia modulate transport and metabolism of the essential metal iron in response to pro- and anti-inflammatory environmental cues is unclear. Here, we characterized uptake of transferrin (Tf)-bound iron (TBI) and non-Tf-bound iron (NTBI) by immortalized microglial (IMG) cells. We found that these cells preferentially take up NTBI in response to the proinflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or β-amyloid (Aβ). In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) promoted TBI uptake. Concordant with these functional data, levels of the Tf receptor (TfR) in IMG cells were up-regulated in response to IL-4, whereas divalent metal transporter-1 (DMT1) and ferritin levels increased in response to LPS or Aβ. Similar changes in expression were confirmed in isolated primary adult mouse microglia treated with pro- or anti-inflammatory inducers. LPS-induced changes in IMG cell iron metabolism were accompanied by notable metabolic changes, including increased glycolysis and decreased oxidative respiration. Under these conditions, the extracellular acidification rate was increased, compatible with changes in the cellular microenvironment that would support the pH-dependent function of DMT1. Moreover, LPS increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) expression in IMG cells, and iron released because of HO1 activity increased the intracellular labile free-iron pool. Together, this evidence indicates that brain microglia preferentially acquire iron from Tf or from non-Tf sources, depending on their polarization state; that NTBI uptake is enhanced by the proinflammatory response; and that under these conditions microglia sequester both extra- and intracellular iron.
A Reliability-Based Robust Design Method for the Sealing of Slipper-Swash Plate Friction Pair in Hydraulic Piston Pump

In mechanical engineering field, sealing technology is of vital importance for the success of a product. A poor sealing design of a slipper-swash plate friction pair (SSPFP) could lower the reliability of a hydraulic piston pump and lead to the failure of the pump. In this paper, a reliability-based robust design method for the sealing of the SSPFP in hydraulic piston pumps is first established. The matrix expression of the relation between the numerical characteristics of the state function of the SSPFP and the random variables is derived. Methods for calculating the sealing reliability and analyzing the reliability sensitivity of the SSPFP in the hydraulic piston pump are provided. Then, the reliability-based robust design is formulated as a multiobjective design optimization problem to meet the reliability requirements. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate performance of the proposed sealing reliability-based robust design method.
Song of the Wrong Response

The poem is barechested, black and shadowboxing beneath a streetlight. In the rest of the city it is dark. You're out walking your dog. Nervously, you circle the poem. It turns toward you and speaks of a disease of the heart, perhaps anger. You can't make out the words. Never have you seen a face so ugly. Then it steps toward you and swings. You jump. Still, it strikes you once above the heart. On the sidewalk your dog is asleep. The poem returns to shadowboxing. You are that exciting. Once home, you phone the proper authorities. Then I arrive and you describe the attack. All next day you look at mugshots before finding the right picture: a young man with some flowers. This, I say, is a poem about love and the difficulties of friendship. It is about reaching out in dark places. The poem touched you above the heart and you fled. What happened in fact, you have forgotten. What happened in memory will repeat itself and each time you will act falsely and be afraid.
Control Mechanisms in Plastid Development

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the control mechanisms in plastid development by the nuclear genome through the regulation of the availability of amino acids and of iron. Plastids require some proteins and nucleic acids formed outside the organelle for development, maintenance, and activity. Withholding a particular element or small metabolite such as an amino acid, either experimentally or genetically, results in the formation of abnormal plastids. The location of structural genes for plastid components must be determined from different kinds of data. Similarly, ignorance about nuclear-plastid nutritional interrelationships introduces great difficulties in the determination of the site of control of certain aspects of plastid development. However, the components of the plastid are far from being completely identified, and the molecular genetics of plastids is in a primitive, almost nonexistent, state. The structural and chemical changes that occur during plastid development can be grouped into events discernible in seconds (or less), in minutes, or only after hours of illumination of dark-grown seed plants.This chemical change may be causally related to the first detectable structural effect of illumination, that is, the dissociation of the prolamellar body into a group of loosely packed vesicles. Other structural changes, including vesicle dispersal and the increases in the levels of ribose-phosphate isomerase and ribulose-5-phosphate kinase, also occur only after leaves have been illuminated for hours.
Lead, Health and the Environment: Old Problem and 21st Century Challenge

Conservation medicine examines the linkages among the health of people, animals and the environment. Few issues illustrate this approach better than an examination of lead (Pb) toxicity. Lead is cheap and there is a long tradition of its use. However the toxic effects of Pb have also been recognized for many years and our knowledge of the lethal and sublethal effects of Pb continues to grow dramatically. As a result, western societies have eliminated or greatly reduced many traditional uses of Pb, including many paints, gasoline and solders because of threats to the health of humans and the environment. Legislation in several countries has eliminated the use of lead shot for hunting waterfowl. Despite these advances, a great many Pb products continue to be readily available. Wildlife and environmental agencies recognize that angling and shooting sports deposit thousands of tons of Pb into the environment each year. Given what we are learning about the many toxic effects of this heavy metal, there is every reason to switch to non-toxic alternatives. To accomplish this, a broad, ecological vision is important. This presentation will briefly review the current state of knowledge on the toxicity of lead and its behavior in the environment, including the effects on wildlife, humans, and domestic animals. We will also discuss why wildlife professionals need to take a leadership role in bringing together all interest groups to find safe alternatives, to develop new educational and policy initiatives, to eliminate many current uses of Pb, and to clean up existing problems.
Java and its Future in Biomedical Computing

Java, a new object-oriented computing language related to C++, is receiving considerable attention due to its use in creating network-sharable, platform-independent software modules (known as “applets”) that can be used with the World Wide Web. The Web has rapidly become the most commonly used information-retrieval tool associated with the global computer network known as the Internet, and Java has the potential to further accelerate the Web's application to medical problems. Java's potentially wide acceptance due to its Web association and its own technical merits also suggests that it may become a popular language for non-Web-based, object-oriented computing.
Employee and employer characteristics associated with elevated risk of filing disability harassment charges

Abstract . The purpose of this study was to examine how individuals who ﬁle charges of harassment differ from individualswho ﬁle other types of disability discrimination charges (e.g., hiring, ﬁring, or reasonable accommodation) as well as the uniquecharacteristicsofrespondents(employers)tothesecharges.211,736allegations(25,411allegationsofharassmentvs.186,325othertypes of allegations) were extracted from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) Integrated Mission Systemdatabase. Results from the chi-squared automatic interaction detector analysis indicated that women, minorities, and people withbehavioral disabilities are more likely to ﬁle harassment charges. Employees with disabilities who work in Educational Servicesor in Public Administration were found to be more likely to ﬁle harassment charges than employees who work for other types ofbusiness and industry, and companies with 500 or more employees were more likely to have harassment lawsuits. Implicationsfor vocational rehabilitation and demand-side employment research were discussed.Keywords: Disability harassment, intimidation, workplace discrimination
Presymptomatic Genetic Testing for ALS.

Physicians should seriously weigh the benefits and risks involved prior to discussing the possibility of genetic testing with a patient or referring them to a genetic counselor. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
The Most Famous Writer Who Ever Lived: A True Story of My Family

Review of: "The Most Famous Writer Who Ever Lived: A True Story of My Family", by Tom Shroder.
Sickle as Crescent: Islam and Communism in the Netherlands East Indies, 1915-1927

This paper examines the confluence of Islam and Communism in the Netherlands East Indies from 1915-1927, by studying how Islam and Communism were theorized as compatible. It analyzes the nature of conciliatory discourses linking Communism and Islam by exploring the profuse anti-colonial print culture of the period. This paper examines four corpora of sources: the published writings of Tan Malaka; selected excerpts from two newspapers edited by Haji Misbach and his associates; Tjokroaminoto’s 1924 book, Islam and Socialism; and finally, Soekarno’s 1926 article, published as Nationalism, Islam and Marxism. This paper will conclude with a brief examination of Dutch reports and oral testimony regarding how Islam and Communism figured in the motivations of participants in the 1926-1927 Communist uprisings. DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v25i2.5675
Sustained Virological Response Is Associated with a Decreased Risk of Posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in Liver Transplant Recipients with Hepatitis C–Related Liver Disease

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), an increasingly recognized complication of solid organ transplantation, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation (LT). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a consistent and modifiable risk factor for PTDM. Prior studies have demonstrated improvement in glucose metabolism following sustained virological response (SVR). However, the effect of SVR on the incidence of PTDM has not been previously investigated in a large cohort of LT recipients. We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of LT recipients with HCV from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2015 to compare the risk of sustained posttransplant diabetes mellitus (s-PTDM) prior to and following SVR. SVR was treated as a discrete time varying exposure. The s-PTDM was defined as de novo diabetes mellitus following LT of a >6-month duration. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare crude and adjusted time to s-PTDM prior to and following SVR. There were 256 eligible LT recipients analyzed. Median follow-up was 41.2 months. Overall, 31 (12.1%) and 178 (69.5%) patients achieved SVR prior to LT and following LT, respectively. During follow-up, 71 (27.7%) patients developed s-PTDM. The incidence of s-PTDM was greatest in the first year after LT. After adjustment for potential confounders, SVR was associated with a significantly reduced risk of s-PTDM (HR, 0.40; P = 0.048). In conclusion, eradication of HCV is independently associated with a reduced incidence of s-PTDM. This benefit appears to be most influenced by pre-LT SVR and persists throughout the post-LT period. Given the association between PTDM and posttransplant morbidity and mortality, these data provide another motivator for pre-LT or early post-LT treatment of HCV.
An economic and environmental assessment on landfill gas to vehicle fuel conversion for waste hauling operations

Abstract The objective of this work was to use an economic and environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the viability of converting landfill gas (LFG) to different vehicle fuels for a real-world tractor-trailer fleet that hauls municipal solid waste (MSW) from a typical transfer station to a nearby landfill. Four scenarios were analyzed: two conventional scenarios that examined the impacts of using diesel as a vehicle fuel with typical LFG management practices and two that assessed the advantages/disadvantages of using LFG as a feedstock for producing two types of alternative vehicle fuels. Producing LFG-derived compressed natural gas (CNG) or electricity as an alternative fuel source for the fleet is generally found to be significantly more economically and environmentally advantageous than practicing one of the more conventional scenarios, especially as the value of financial incentives (e.g. RINs) increase. The LFG-to-CNG scenario offers the greatest financial benefit when these incentives are high. However, when financial incentives are not available, this scenario is not feasible to undertake in the system modeled, but an LFG-to-electricity scenario could still save $1.32 for every gallon of diesel that is replaced with the alternative fuel. Using LFG-derived electricity as a vehicle fuel substitute also offers greater financial benefits than using the same volume of LFG for more commonplace purposes, such as generating electricity that is fed to the grid. Additionally, from the LCA, this scenario has the lowest global warming potential of all four scenarios analyzed, with over a 50-fold reduction in CO2-equivalent emissions over the baseline scenario.
UNIT 14.8 Analysis of Protein Sumoylation

Sumoylation, wherein small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins are covalently attached to specific lysine residues of target proteins, plays an important role in regulating many diverse cellular processes via its control of the functional properties of the modified proteins. Identification of new sumoylated proteins is expected to expand understanding of the role this modification has in cell function. This unit describes two different assays for determining whether a particular protein is sumoylated: the first method employs immunoprecipitation of the protein followed by SUMO immunoblot. The second involves incubating the protein (either an in vitro translation product or a purified recombinant protein) with a reconstituted in vitro sumoylation reaction followed by examination for increased molecular-weight bands in SDS-PAGE as sumoylated forms of the protein. Either of these approaches can also be used to determine the sumoylated lysine residue(s) by comparing modification of the normal protein versus lysine-to-arginine substitutions of potential sumoylation sites, which once determined allows analysis of the effect of sumoylation on the protein's function. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: SUMO-1; SUMO-2; SUMO-3; sumoylation; post-translational modification; Ubc9
Publications in group work-1990

Abstract Nineteen new publications in group work are listed, of which seven are reviewed. Those reviewed include group counseling and group psychotherapy, structured groups, training groups, and group dynamics.
Privacy-Preserving ECG based Active Authentication (PPEA2) for IoT Devices

IoT devices have become essential in our day-to-day life starting from health monitoring to industrial control systems. While the benefits of IoT are undeniable, IoT ecosystem comes with its own set of system vulnerabilities that include malicious actors manipulating the flow of information to and from the IoT devices, which can lead to the capture of sensitive data and loss of data privacy. In this paper, we propose a Privacy-Preserving ECG based Active Authentication (PPEA2) scheme that is deployable on power-limited wearable systems (e.g. fitness tracker systems, health monitoring systems for solider in the battlefield, and large-scale health monitoring infrastructure for rapid response systems). The proposed scheme is capable of supporting active authentication of users by utilizing live stream of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal to derive unique authentication parameters. In addition to providing active authentication, we incorporated a privacy-preserving feature into the design of our system. The scheme preserves the privacy of the users ECG data features by employing a light-weight secure computation approach based on secure weighted hamming distance computation from oblivious transfer to compute a joint set between two participating entities without revealing the authentication parameters to either of them. We demonstrate the feasibility of the system, its performance and resilience against various threats in a semi-honest model.
Intersegmental artery dissection resulting in spinal infarction.

Intersegmental artery dissection is a rare but treatable cause of spinal cord infarction. Conventional spinal angiography may be necessary to establish the diagnosis of arterial dissection.
Improved MR-thermometry during hepatic microwave ablation by correcting for intermittent electromagnetic interference artifacts

Abstract MRI-guided microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive treatment for localized cancer. MR thermometry has been shown to be able to provide vital information for monitoring the procedure in real-time. However, MRI during active MWA can suffer from image quality degradation due to intermittent electromagnetic interference (EMI). A novel approach to correct for EMI-contaminated images is presented here to improve MR thermometry during clinical hepatic MWA. The method was applied to MR-thermometry images acquired during four MR-guided hepatic MWA treatments using a commercially available MRI-configured microwave generator system. During the treatments MR thermometry data acquisition was synchronized to respiratory cycle to minimize the impact of motion. EMI was detected and corrected using uncontaminated k-space data from nearby frames in k-space. Substantially improved temperature and thermal damage maps have been obtained and the treatment zone can be better visualized. Our ex vivo tissue sample study shows the correction introduced minimal errors to the temperature maps and thermal damage maps.
Do Religious/Spiritual Preferences and Needs of Cancer Patients Vary Based on Clinical- and Treatment-Level Factors?

The objective of this study is to characterize the religion and spiritual (R&S) needs of patients who undergo cancer-directed surgery. In addition, we seek to examine how R&S needs vary based on R&S identity and clinical and surgical treatment characteristics. A cross-sectional survey was administered to potential participants who were recruited through outpatient clinics and online. Respondent desires for R&S resources and engagement with the healthcare team around R&S topics were assessed. Among 383 potential participants who were identified, 236 respondents were included in the analytic cohort. Mean age was 58.8 (SD 12.10) years, and most participants were female (75.8%) and White/Caucasian (94.1%). The majority (78.4%) identified as currently cancer free. Commonly treated malignancies included breast (43.2%), male reproductive (8.9%), skin (8.5%), and gastrointestinal (GI) (7.2%). Two-thirds of the respondents indicated a desire to have R&S incorporated into their cancer treatment (63.3%). Patients who identified as highly/moderately religious reported wanting R&S more often (highly religious: 95.2% versus moderately religious: 71.4% vs. nonreligious but spiritual: 4.5%). On multivariable analysis, patients who believed their health would improve in the future were more likely to report wanting R&S service (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.7) as well as wanting to engage their healthcare providers on R&S topics (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.7). In contrast, perception of current or future health status was not associated with patient desire for the actual surgeon/doctor him/herself to be involved in R&S activities (OR 1.83, 95% CI 0.97–3.45). Two-thirds of patients undergoing cancer-directed surgery expressed a desire to have R&S incorporated into their cancer treatment. Incorporating R&S into cancer treatment can help a subset of patients throughout their cancer experience.
The US Confronts the Great Depression and World War II: 1929–1941

One of the time periods in US history most discussed is 1929–1941 because in October 1929 the Great Depression started, impacting every American. The response of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s “New Deal” to confront the severe, debilitating impact of the Depression and America’s entry into World War II form a critical era in American history. This chapter addresses some of the substantive events of the years between 1929 and 1941.
Reversible inhibition of specific transcription factor-DNA interactions using CRISPR

The control of gene expression by transcription factor binding sites frequently determines phenotype. However, it has been difficult to assay the function of single transcription factor binding sites within larger transcription networks. Here, we developed such a method by using deactivated Cas9 to disrupt binding to specific sites on the genome. Since CRISPR guide RNAs are longer than transcription factor binding sites, flanking sequence can be used to target specific sites. Targeting deactivated Cas9 to a specific Oct4 binding site in the Nanog promoter blocked Oct4 binding, reduced Nanog expression, and slowed division. Multiple guide RNAs allows simultaneous inhibition of multiple binding sites and conditionally-destabilized dCas9 allows rapid reversibility. The method is a novel high throughput approach to systematically interrogate cis-regulatory function within complex regulatory networks.
QuickETC2: Fast ETC2 texture compression using Luma differences

Compressed textures are indispensable in most 3D graphics applications to reduce memory traffic and increase performance. For higher-quality graphics, the number and size of textures in an application have continuously increased. Additionally, the ETC2 texture format, which is mandatory in OpenGL ES 3.0, OpenGL 4.3, and Android 4.3 (and later versions), requires more complex texture compression than the traditional ETC1 format. As a result, texture compression becomes more and more time-consuming. To accelerate ETC2 compression, we introduce two new compression techniques, named QuickETC2. The first technique is an early compression-mode decision scheme. Instead of testing all ETC1/2 modes to compress a texel block, we select proper modes for each block by exploiting the luma difference of the block to reduce unnecessary compression overhead. The second technique is a fast luma-based T- and H-mode compression method. When clustering each texel into two groups, we replace the 3D RGB space with the 1D luma space and quickly find the two groups that have the minimum luma differences. We also selectively perform the T- or H-mode and reduce its distance candidates, according to the luma differences of each group. We have implemented both techniques with AVX2 intrinsics to exploit SIMD parallelism. According to our experiments, QuickETC2 can compress more than 2000 1K×1K-sized images per second on an octa-core CPU.
User-life of ICS/LABA inhaler devices should be considered when prescribed as relievers

Prescribers and asthma patients should know that ICS/LABA combination inhalers used as reliever therapy may expire under patient use sooner than the expiration shown on the inhaler, compromising effectiveness if not considered by the prescriber and patienthttps://bit.ly/3fhHMX2
Rethinking Why We Do What We Do: Individual Placement and Support

Individual placement and support (IPS) is known to improve short-term outcomes for competitive employment. Questions remain, however, about the relationship between IPS and more robust forms of soc...
A Robotics Systems Design Need: A Design Standard to Provide the Systems Focus that is Required for Longterm Exploration Efforts

The United States is entering a new period of human exploration of the inner Solar System, and robotic human helpers will be partners in that effort. In order to support integration of these new worker robots into existing and new human systems, a new design standard should be developed, to be called the Robot-Systems Integration Standard (RSIS). It will address the requirements for and constraints upon robotic collaborators with humans. These workers are subject to the same functional constraints as humans of work, reach, and visibility/situational awareness envelopes, and they will deal with the same maintenance and communication interfaces. Thus, the RSIS will be created by discipline experts with the same sort of perspective on these and other interface concerns as human engineers.
Antigen Structures used by Regulatory T Cells in the Interaction among T Suppressor, T Helper and B Cells

Subpopulations of T cells displaying helper and suppressor activities profoundly regulate antibody responses to protein antigens. In the mouse system, these two functional cell types can easily be manipulated with the use of cytotoxic antibodies directed against their phenotypic markers, i.e., Lyt-1 appearing on T helper cells and Lyt-23 expressed by the suppressor and cytotoxic T cell lineages1. In systems permitting the analysis of modes of cellular communication, these two cell types seem to interact in their regulation of antibody responses via idiotypic complementarity or antigen-bridging. It is also well documented that the induction of T cells, at least helper T cells, is controlled and restricted by the MHC. Evidence supporting MHC restriction in suppressor cell induction is also available2,3. Despite all this accumulated information, we still have a limited understanding about the exact manner in which Th and Ts encounter and react with the epitopes on a protein antigen or how these cell types interact with each other. Even at the level of T-B collaboration it is still not known if a precise spatial relationship must exist between the epitope seen by the Th and that seen by the B cell. Would a single Th cell suffice to present all epitopes on the molecule to ambient B cells or must there be an exact steric relationship between the two epitopes? The same question can be asked about the relationship between epitopes recognized by Ts and those recognized by Th cells. It is clear in 3 different systems — the Ir gene control of the anti-lysozyme response in H-2b mice4, the sheep glycophorin-specific suppression of SRBC responses5 and the suppression of the entire anti-beta-galactosidase-fluorescein (GZ-FITC) response by certain GZ peptides6 that Ts of a single specificity can obliterate the entire response to the antigen.
A method for field calibration of a multibeam echo sounder

The use of multibeam echo sounders (MBES) has grown more frequent in applications like seafloor imaging, fisheries, and habitat mapping. Calibration of these instruments is important for understanding and validating the performance of MBES. For echo sounders in general, different calibration methodologies have been developed in controlled environments such as a fresh water tank and in the actual field of operation. While calibration in an indoor tank facility can bring excellent results in terms of accuracy, the amount of time required for a complete calibration can become prohibitively large. A field calibration can reveal the actual radiation beam pattern for ship-mounted sonar systems, accounting for acoustic interferences which may be caused by objects around the installed transducers. The standard target method is a common practice for field calibration of split-beam echo sounders. However, when applied to a Mills Cross MBES, this method does not provide means to determine the alongship angle of the target, since the receiver transducer is a line array. A method to determine the combined transmit/receive radiation beam pattern for a ship-mounted multibeam system was developed and tested for a Reson Seabat 7125 MBES inside the fresh water calibration tank of the University of New Hampshire. This calibration methodology employs a tungsten carbide sphere of 38.1 mm diameter as target and a Simrad EK60 split-beam sonar system to provide athwartship and alongship angular information of the target sphere position. The multibeam sonar system was configured for 256 beams equi-angle mode at an operating frequency of 200 kHz; the split-beam system was set to work passively at the same frequency. A combined transmit/receive beam pattern was computed for an athwartship angular range between −6° and +6° and an alongship angular range between −1° and +3°. The limited angular range of the measurements is due to the −3 dB beamwidth of 7.1° in the athwartship and alongship directions of the split-beam sonar system coupled with the alongship offset of 1.6° between the maximum response axes (MRA) of the two sonar systems. Possible acoustic interferences caused by the monofilament line used to suspend the target sphere in the water column were found in the measurements for alongship angle values less than −1°. Beam pattern measurements for the combined transmit/receive beam pattern at a distance of 8 m show a −3 dB beamwidth of 1.1° in the athwartship direction and a −3 dB beamwidth of 2.0° in the alongship direction for the most inner beams. The dynamic range for the measurements was approximately of −40 dB.
The reduction of nicotinamide N-oxide by xanthine oxidase.

The following evidence has led to the conclusion that xanthine oxidase, with its usual electron donors, is capable of reducing nicotinamide N-oxide to nicotinamide. 1. The purest enzyme fraction from hog liver which catalyzes the reduction has the spectrum of a metalloflavoprotein and has xanthine oxidase activity. 2. The enzyme responsible for the reduction cofractionates with hog liver xanthine oxidase. 3. Milk xanthine oxidase also catalyzes the reduction of nicotinamide N-oxide. 4. The electron donors for the reduction are known substrates of xanthine oxidase. 5. Both milk and liver xanthine oxidases exhibit separate pH optima for the reductions dependent on reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide and xanthine. 6. Xanthine oxidase activity and nicotinamide N-oxide reduction activity are destroyed by heat at the same rate. 7. Each activity decreases to the same extent in the livers of rats maintained on protein-deficient diets. 8. Xanthine oxidase activity and xanthine-dependent nicotinamide N-oxide reduction exhibit parallel inhibition by cyanide. It is proposed that xanthine oxidase might be responsible for other N-oxide reductions.
Transfer RNA Fragments (tRFs) , Novel MicroRNA-like Short RNAs Generated independent of Dicer, Associate with Target mRNAs in Ago complexes and are De-regulated in Many Cancers

tRFs, 14-32 nt long RNAs derived from mature or precursor tRNAs, are present in diverse organisms at read counts comparable to miRNAs. TA meta-analysis of short RNA sequence datasets helped us create a comprehensive, relational database of tRFs: tRFdb (http://genome.bioch.virginia.edu/trfdb/). tRFs are precisely generated fragments not produced by the miRNA biogenesis pathway. tRFs are present in all human cell lines, mice, flies, worms, yeasts and even some bacteria and originate from the 5' end (tRF-5a, b, c) and 3' end (tRF-3a, b) of mature tRNAs or from 3' trailer sequences of primary tRNA transcripts (tRF-1). Human PAR-CLIP data shows that tRF-5s and tRF-3s associate with Ago1, 3, and 4 rather than Ago2. The location of the U to C mutation caused by the cross-linking of the tRF to the Ago protein, and the match to the target mRNAs in the PAR-CLIP data demonstrate that a 5' seed sequence of 7-8 bases of the tRF-5 and -3 recognizes the target mRNA in much the same way as microRNAs. Human CLASH data ide...
Plararization with Spin-on-Glass/LPCVD Composite Films

A physical and electrical evaluation of the feasibility of planarization by means of composite films has been carried out. The use of even a very thin spin-on film underneath a conventional LP1CVD PSG oxide Film significantly improves the final topography. The electrical properties of the undoped PSG film are consistent with use in CMOS VLSI technologies.
Speech boundaries, syntax and the brain.

Speech comprehension requires rapid decoding of grammatical relationships. Electrical scalp recordings show that the brain responds immediately to intonational cues signifying phrase boundaries. Thus, these cues may control initial decisions about sentence structure.
An inner-loop/outer-loop architecture for an adaptive missile autopilot

We use retrospective cost adaptive control (RCAC) with a constant forgetting factor (CFF), variable forgetting factor (VFF), and Kalman Filter (KF) to control a planar missile with nonlinear dynamics and aerodynamics. RCAC/CFF, RCAC/VFF, and RCAC/KF are used within an inner-loop/outer-loop control architecture, where the normal acceleration command is used to update the pitch-rate command for use by the pitch-rate servo loop. This control architecture is necessitated by the fact that, except for circular arcs with constant velocity, the appropriate pitch-rate command cannot be inferred from the normal acceleration command. Aggressive commands are used to compare RCAC/VFF and RCAC/KF with RCAC/CFF.
The Miranda Debate: Law, Justice, and Policing

This cogent, well-balanced anthology contains a diverse range of key writings on the complex issues raised by the United States Supreme Court's controversial 1966 ruling in Miranda v. Arizona. One of the most significant and influential judicial decisions on criminal procedure, Miranda remains at the forefront of today's debate about defendants' constitutional rights and crime control. The book contains four sections, each with an introduction by the volume editors that places the essays within a broader social context. The first section reviews the pre-Miranda law of confessions, Ernest Miranda's crime and his victim, the Miranda decision, and the ways in which the courts and police adjusted to the ruling. The second section explores the ethical, legal, and public policy dimensions of Miranda. Section three examines how Miranda works (or doesn't work) in the real-world setting of police interrogation and considers radically different interpretations of the empirical evidence. The book concludes with insightful discussions on the challenges and dilemmas that are likely to shape the future of Miranda.
Risk factors for unplanned extubations in critically ill patients, using PRISMA analysis

Unplanned extubations (UEs) occur in 4.2–14% of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. UE is defined as premature removal of endotracheal tube. UEs are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and utilisation of resources. We collected data from patients who extubated themselves during a 6-month period. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors for UE using the Prevention and Recovery Information System for Monitoring and Analysis (PRISMA) method. The method is used in the chemical and steel industry, and nowadays in health care. The goal of this method is to build a quantitative database of incidents and process deviations from which conclusions may be drawn to suggest preventive measures. Incidents are described by means of causal trees to identify root causes.
Domain Decomposition for Particle Methods on the Sphere

We present an algorithm for efficient parallelization of particle methods when the domain is the surface of a sphere. Such applications typically arise when dealing with directional data. We propose a domain decomposition scheme based on geometric partitioning that provides domains suitable for practical implementation. This algorithm has the advantage of being fast enough to be applied dynamically, and at the same time provides good partitions, comparable in quality to those produced by spectral graph partitioning schemes.
The utility of fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors : A cytomorphologic and immunohistochemical analysis with emphasis on malignant tumors

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the tubular gut and mesentery. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) currently is a useful tool in the diagnosis of GIST because of various mutations of the KIT protooncogene that are recognized as characteristic of these tumors. Despite such advances, the malignant potential of GIST remains variable, and few studies have reported their findings in patients with malignant GIST. Therefore, in the current study, the authors have reported their experience with FNAB as a diagnostic tool in one of the largest series of malignant GISTs and have analyzed the cytomorphologic features of the tumors relative to their clinical behavior to determine which, if any, cytologic features are indicators of malignancy. METHODS All patients with histologically confirmed GIST who were diagnosed by image-guided FNAB and confirmed with positive CD117 staining from 1998 to 2003 were included in the study. All tumors were reviewed for various cytomorphologic features. For study purposes, the patients were divided into two groups: Group A included all patients with malignant tumors, defined as those with metastatic disease or recurrent disease after adequate surgery with or without chemotherapy; Group B included all other patients. RESULTS In total, 26 tumors from 23 patients (8 males and 15 females) with a mean age of 60.9 years were available for review. There were 14 primary tumors, 7 metastases (to the liver), and 5 recurrences. Twenty-one tumors were unequivocally malignant and were placed into Group A; the remaining 5 tumors were placed into Group B. The tumors in both groups were characterized by spindled or epithelioid cells with minimal nuclear atypia or pleomorphism and a moderate amount of cytoplasm. None of the cytologic features that were evaluated could distinguish reliably between benign tumors and malignant tumors, as expected. However, on cytologic examination, all tumors that demonstrated mitoses (n = 7 tumors) and/or pretreatment necrosis (n = 3 tumors) were identified as malignant. CONCLUSIONS FNAB remains a reliable method for the diagnosis of GIST. Immunohistochemical staining of cytologic material with CD117 has been reliable in establishing this diagnosis by FNAB, provided adequate tissue is procured. In the current study, the presence of necrosis or mitoses in cytologic specimens was correlated with a diagnosis of malignant GIST. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Arthropods and Health

Members of the phylum Arthropoda are characterized by segmented bodies; paired, jointed appendages (legs and antennae); an exoskeleton; and bilateral symmetry. Included in this group are many creatures such as crustaceans, centipedes, millipedes, spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, and insects. This chapter focuses on the classification, growth, and development of arthropods, providing key morphological characteristics of each arthropod group. Identification strategies for arthropods are presented, with discussion about traditional morphological identification techniques versus more recent molecular identification. The medical impact of arthropods, particularly insects and ticks, is provided, including both direct and indirect effects on human health. There is considerable information provided concerning negative health impacts such as bites, stings, allergic reactions, and disease transmission.
How sensor graph topology affects localization accuracy

We characterize the accuracy of a cooperative localization algorithm based on Kalman Filtering, as expressed by the trace of the covariance matrix, in terms of the algebraic graph theoretic properties of the sensing graph. In particular, we discover a weighted Laplacian in the expression that yields the constant, steady state value of the covariance matrix. We show how one can reduce the localization uncertainty by manipulating the eigenvalues of the weighted Laplacian. We thus provide insight to recent optimization results which indicate that increased connectivity implies higher accuracy. We offer an analysis method that could lead to more efficient ways of achieving the desired accuracy by controlling the sensing network.
EUVE Phase-Resolved Spectroscopy of V834 Centauri

(abridged) The Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite was employed in 1999 February to acquire phase-resolved EUV photometric and spectroscopic observations of the AM Her-type cataclysmic variable V834 Centauri. Although we do not understand the EUV light curves in detail, they are explained qualitatively by a simple model of accretion from a ballistic stream along the field lines of a tilted magnetic dipole centered on the white dwarf. The 75-140 Angstrom EUVE spectra are well described by either a blackbody or a pure-H stellar atmosphere absorbed by a neutral hydrogen column density, but constraints on the size of the EUV emission region and its UV brightness favor the blackbody interpretation with temperature kT ~ 17.6 eV, hydrogen column density N_H ~ 7.4x10^{19} cm^{-2}, fractional emitting area f ~ 10^{-3}, and luminosity L_soft ~ 7.2x10^{32} (d/100 pc)^2 erg s^{-1}. The ratio of the EUV to X-ray luminosities is L_soft/L_hard ~ 40, signaling that some mechanism other than irradiation (e.g., blob heating) dominates energy input into the accretion spot.
Reusable avionics software. Evolution of the flight management system

This paper will look at the reuse evolution of the Honeywell Flight Management System software (FMS) from the Boeing 757/767 and Airbus A310 development of the 1980's to the advanced designs of the Airbus A340 and Boeing 777 of the 1990's. This paper will explore the lessons learned and the future challenges for the development, modification and maintenance of software in a reusable environment.
“The Wrong Things About Literature” Invisibility and African American Texts

Gray, E. S. (2009). The Importance of Visibility: Students’ and Teachers’ Criteria for Selecting African American Literature. The Reading Teacher, 62(6), 472–481.
Purification of a protective antigen from a saline extract of Pasteurella multocida.

Abstract It has been shown previously that soluble material extracted from Pasteurella multocida P-1059 by a 2.5% NaCl solution protects turkeys from generalized septicemia at a subsequent challenge exposure to the organism. In the present study, a protective antigen was purified from the crude soluble material by chromatographic methods. Four protein peaks were obtained by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200. The protective antigen was detected only in the first peak fraction, which contained a substantial amount of carbohydrate. The peak 1 fraction was adsorbed onto DEAE-cellulose and eluted by a linear gradient of NaCl. Fractions corresponding to a single protein peak were pooled and passed through an immunoadsorbent column to remove any possible serum component originating from the growth medium. The purified antigen had a carbohydrate/protein ratio of 1.5 and formed a single precipitin line with rabbit antiserum against the crude material in gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis analyses. The antigen produced antibodies in rabbits and turkeys which formed a single precipitin line against the crude material. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis, the purified antigen showed three protein bands, corresponding to molecular weights of 44,000, 31,000, and 25,000, and one carbohydrate band. The carbohydrate band did not correspond to any of the three protein bands. Upon isoelectric focusing gel analysis, the purified antigen showed two bands (pI = 3.5 to 4.0 and 4.5 to 5.5), but the two bands were antigenically identical by isoelectric focusing crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The 50% protective dose of the purified antigen was between 10 and 50 μg of protein in trials where two doses were given at 14-day intervals to 10- to 20-week-old turkeys.
A finite element analysis of masticatory stress hypotheses

Understanding how the skull transmits and dissipates forces during feeding provides insights into the selective pressures that may have driven the evolution of primate skull morphology. Traditionally, researchers have interpreted masticatory biomechanics in terms of simple global loading regimes applied to sim- ple shapes (i.e., bending in sagittal and frontal planes, dorsoventral shear, and torsion of beams and cylinders). This study uses finite element analysis to examine the extent to which these geometric models provide accurate strain predictions in the face and evaluate whether sim- ple global loading regimes predict strains that approxi- mate the craniofacial deformation pattern observed dur- ing mastication. Loading regimes, including those simu- lating peak loads during molar chewing and those approximating the global loading regimes, were applied to a previously validated finite element model (FEM) of a macaque (Macaca fascicularis) skull, and the resulting strain patterns were compared. When simple global load- ing regimes are applied to the FEM, the resulting strains do not match those predicted by simple geometric models, suggesting that these models fail to generate accurate predictions of facial strain. Of the four loading regimes tested, bending in the frontal plane most closely approximates strain patterns in the circumorbital region and lateral face, apparently due to masseter muscle forces acting on the zygomatic arches. However, these results indicate that no single simple global loading re- gime satisfactorily accounts for the strain pattern found in the validated FEM. Instead, we propose that FE mod- els replace simple cranial models when interpreting bone strain data and formulating hypotheses about craniofa- cial biomechanics. Am J Phys Anthropol 145:1-10, 2011. V
The availability of local-area commercial physical activity-related facilities and physical activity among adolescents.

Background A significant number of American youth do not participate in sufficient levels of physical activity. Methods This article reports the association between the availability of commercial physical activity–related facilities and self-reported physical activity behavior among United States adolescents. Geographic identifiers at the ZIP-code level were used to combine repeated cross-sections of individual-level data on 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade adolescents from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Survey with external commercial physical activity–related facility outlet density measures obtained from business lists from Dun and Bradstreet for the years 1997 through 2003. The estimation samples based on questions from different survey forms included a total of 195,702 observations on which information on physical activity (sports, athletics, or exercise) was available and 58,876 observations on which information on vigorous exercise behavior was available. Results The results showed a statistically significant but very small association between local-area per capita availability of commercial physical activity–related facilities and physical activity behavior among U.S. adolescents. An additional local-area facility per 10,000 capita was associated with only a 0.22 percentage point increase in frequent vigorous exercise among the full sample of adolescents. By gender and grade level, the study found significant associations among female and older students: increasing availability from a low (1 facility) to a high (8 facilities) number of local-area facilities was associated with a 6.6% and 9.0% increase in frequent physical activity and frequent vigorous exercise among 12th-grade girls, respectively, and a 6.4% increase in frequent vigorous exercise among 12th-grade boys. Conclusions Improving the availability of commercial physical activity–related opportunities among underserved populations may help to increase activity levels among older adolescents and girls.