cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The SCF Slimb ubiquitin ligase regulates Plk4/Sak levels to block centriole reduplication.

Restricting centriole duplication to once per cell cycle is critical for chromosome segregation and genomic stability, but the mechanisms underlying this block to reduplication are unclear. Genetic analyses have suggested an involvement for Skp/Cullin/F box (SCF)-class ubiquitin ligases in this process. In this study, we describe a mechanism to prevent centriole reduplication in Drosophila melanogaster whereby the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase in complex with the F-box protein Slimb mediates proteolytic degradation of the centrosomal regulatory kinase Plk4. We identified SCFSlimb as a regulator of centriole duplication via an RNA interference (RNAi) screen of Cullin-based ubiquitin ligases. We found that Plk4 binds to Slimb and is an SCFSlimb target. Both Slimb and Plk4 localize to centrioles, with Plk4 levels highest at mitosis and absent during S phase. Using a Plk4 Slimb-binding mutant and Slimb RNAi, we show that Slimb regulates Plk4 localization to centrioles during interphase, thus regulating centriole number and ensuring the block to centriole reduplication.
Silicon-Chip Femtosecond Source

We demonstrate an on-chip, high-repetition-rate femtosecond pulse source using a high-Q silicon-nitride-based parametric frequency comb. Sub-200-fs pulses at a 99-GHz repetition rate are generated.
Hyperkalemic Cardioplegia-Induced Myocyte Swelling and Contractile Dysfunction: Prevention by Diazoxide

Background Hyperkalemic cardioplegia (9°C) results in significant myocyte swelling and reduced contractility, representing a possible mechanism of myocardial stunning. Adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium channel (K ATP ) openers have been shown to ameliorate stunning. This study evaluated the hypothesis that a K ATP opener would prevent hyperkalemic cardioplegia-induced myocyte swelling and reduced contractility. Methods Isolated rabbit myocytes were perfused with 37°C Tyrode's solution for 20 minutes, followed by test solution (9°C or 37°C) including control Tyrode's, Tyrode's + 100 μmol/L diazoxide (K ATP opener), St. Thomas's solution; or 9°C St. Thomas's + 100 μmol/L diazoxide or St. Thomas's + 100 μmol/L diazoxide + 20 μmol/L HMR1098 or 50 μmol/L 5-hydroxydeconoate (K ATP blockers) for 20 minutes (n = 8 per group). Myocytes were then reexposed to 37°C Tyrode's solution for 20 minutes. Volume and contractility were measured by videomicroscopy and video-based edge detection, respectively. Results St. Thomas's solution (9°C) caused significant myocyte swelling and associated reduced contractility ( p p p Conclusions Diazoxide prevented myocyte swelling and reduced contractility secondary to hyperkalemic cardioplegia, and this was unchanged by the addition of either K ATP channel blocker. Prevention of myocyte swelling was associated with improved contractility, consistent with the hypothesis that myocyte swelling may be a mechanism of myocardial stunning. Diazoxide may play a role in myocyte volume homeostasis by means of a mechanism separate from opening the K ATP channel.
Physiological responses to high environmental temperatures in three species of microchiropteran bats

Abstract 1. 1. Body temperature ( T B ), oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss were measured at ambient temperatures ( T A 's) between 35° and 45°C in three bats, Myotis yumanensis, Tadarida brasiliensis and Antrozous pallidus . 2. 2. At T A 's up to 40°C, T B 's rose gradually and were maintained 1–2.5°C above T A without apparent distress. When T A = 41.5°C, T B was kept below 42.5°C by intermittent panting, salivating and licking. 3. 3. A T B of 43.5°C was lethal within 1 hr. When T A > 42.5°C survival depended upon maintaining T B ⩽ T A by extensive evaporative cooling and minimizing metabolic heat production by remaining quiet. Resting bats dissipated up to 200 per cent of metabolic heat by evaporation. Elevated humidity increased heat stress.
Networks of information sharing among computer-supported distance learners

Collaborative learning requires interaction and exchange among learners as they share experiences and solve problems cooperatively. In computer-supported distance learning classes it is often difficult to know to what extent individuals are interacting and how much they communicate with other class members. To explore intra-class interaction, social network data were gathered on the exchange of information and advice about class work among members of four distance learning classes, and the use of media for this exchange. Results present a preliminary evaluation of characteristics of the "typical" student's network in these classes, including the size of the network, the frequency of exchanges, and the media used, and its relation to students sense of belonging to the class.
Dopa-responsive dystonia simulating cerebral palsy

Five patients presented in infancy or early childhood with various combinations of pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs with normal cognitive function. Their perinatal courses were unremarkable. In each patient, initial impressions listed by several examiners included spastic diplegia or cerebral palsy. Later in each course, either extrapyramidal features or progression suggested dopa-responsive dystonia. In 4 of the 5 children, cerebrospinal fluid was obtained and disclosed reduced levels of biopterin, neopterin, and homovanillic acid in all 4. Levodopa therapy resulted in prompt improvement with normal function returning within 6 months. The disappearance of the "spasticity," extensor plantar responses, and extrapyramidal signs, following levodopa therapy, confirmed the diagnosis of doparesponsive dystonia in these patients. Three had apparently sporadic disease; the other 2 were siblings with an affected paternal grandmother. Three had onset in infancy with delayed sitting and walking before the appearance of overt dystonia; infantile onset is infrequent in dopa-responsive dystonia. The other 2 had normal milestones, but developed gait disorders with prominent imbalance in early childhood. The diagnosis of dopa-responsive dystonia should be considered in children with unexplained or atypical "cerebral palsy."
An investigation of sound ray dynamics in the ocean volume using an area preserving mapping

Abstract An area preserving mapping which describes sound ray propagation in a simple range-dependent model of the ocean sound channel is derived and studied. The unbounded ocean model has a bilinear sound speed profile in which the vertical sound speed gradient above the sound channel axis varies sinusoidally in range. It is assumed that the scale of the range-dependent perturbation is small compared to a typical upper loop length of a ray. The explicit mapping which results gives successive iterates of range and upgoing ray angle at the sound channel axis, ( r n , θ n ) → ( r n + 1 , θ n +1 . The degree of stochasticity of the mapping is governed by a single dimensionless parameter, e — the strength of the range dependent perturbation. Iterates of the mapping indicate that some ray trajectories are chaotic (i.e., exhibit estreme sensitivity to initial conditions) for perturbations comparable in strength to those produced by internal waves in the ocean. The chaotic nature of these rays is confirmed by the calculation of positive Lyapunov exponents.
Prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in Athens, Greece

Asthma is a common chronic condition and there is evidence that its prevalence may be rising. The European Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was planned to produce comparable data on asthma epidemiology in Europe. In Greece, in particular, a similar study has not been conducted previously and no epidemiological data are available on adult asthma prevalence. Furthermore, the role of air pollution in the pathogenesis of asthma is currently an issue of debate. Athens is a city with high air pollution, and a study of asthma epidemiology in this city may confirm or refute a possible link with the expression of asthma. A questionnaire developed by the ECRHS was sent to a random sample of 3533 households in Peristeri, an industrialized borough of Athens. Responses were received from 2774 households (response rate 78%). Of all the data on individual subjects, only those from 3325 adults aged 20-44 years were considered, according to the study protocol. The self-reported current prevalence of asthmatic attacks and asthma-like symptoms were as follows: asthma attack 2.4%, use of asthma medication 2.1%, awakening by shortness of breath 5.6%, awakening by cough 17.8%, wheezing 15.8% and nasal allergies 18.4%. It is concluded that the prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in this region of Athens is rather low, despite the high air-pollution levels in the city.
p‐Cresol: cause of ink‐induced hair depigmentation in mice

SUMMARY p-Cresol has been identified as the active chemical in a laundry-ink responsible for the previously reported contact depigmentation of hair in agouti CBA/J mice. p-Cresol has been shown to induce depigmentation of both skin and hair in agouti as well as black mice. In the agouti mice there were bands and whorls, as well as plaques of white hair. However, the most striking finding was an occult hair depigmentation wherein the new hair shafts were white except for the tips. Such pigment-loss was not apparent on surface examination of the fur, becoming evident only on parting the hairs. All of these patterned hair pigment losses have been related to a unique sensitivity of the follicular melanocytes to the toxic effect of p-cresol during the earliest days of new hair formation, that is, during the initial anagen phase.
Chinese Buddhist Hermeneutics: The Case of Hua-yen

This paper is conceived, in part, as a response to the article by Robert Thurman, entitled "Buddhist Hermeneutics," that appeared in volume 46 of this journal (1978). It is intended not so much as a criticism of Thurman's groundbreaking contribution to our understanding of this important issue as a qualification of it in light of a reconsideration of the Chinese Buddhist tradition. Thurman's article is particularly useful for two reasons. First, his insightful analysis of the "hermeneutical problem" in Buddhism elucidates the fundamental Problematik underlying Buddhist hermeneutics, thus laying a solid foundation upon which our discussion of the hermeneutical tradition in Chinese Buddhism can
Can antibodies against flies alter malaria transmission in birds by changing vector behavior

Transmission of insect-borne diseases is shaped by the interactions among parasites, vectors, and hosts. Any factor that alters movement of infected vectors from infected to uninfeced hosts will in turn alter pathogen spread. In this paper, we study one such pathogen-vector-host system, avian malaria in pigeons transmitted by fly ectoparasites, where both two-way and three-way interactions play a key role in shaping disease spread. Bird immune defenses against flies can decrease malaria prevalence by reducing fly residence time on infected birds or increase disease prevalence by enhancing fly movement and thus infection transmission. We develop a mathematical model that illustrates how these changes in vector behavior influence pathogen transmission and show that malaria prevalence is maximized at an intermediate level of defense avoidance by the flies. Understanding how host immune defenses indirectly alter disease transmission by influencing vector behavior has implications for reducing the transmission of human malaria and other vectored pathogens.
THE CYLINDRICAL CELL APPROXIMATION IN THERMAL UTILIZATION

Abstract In solving the neutron diffusion equation in one cell of an infinite lattice, a common procedure is to replace the rectangular (or hexagonal) cell with an equivalent cylindrical cell. In order to estimate the effect of this approximation a new method is presented in which the flux in the entire cell (not the equivalent cylindrical cell) is expanded in a Fourier cosine series. Then the boundary conditions over the cell surface are satisfied exactly. Furthermore, algebraic equations for the expansion coefficients of the flux are obtained because the integrals over the cell can be done in closed form. It is found that truncation of the flux series after 10 terms gives good results. The method is felt to have more general application than to the actual problem treated here since such ‘mixed geometry’ problems frequently arise in reactor physics and in other areas as well.
Interfaces for strongly-typed object-oriented programming

This paper develops a system of explicit interfaces for object-oriented programming. The system provides the benefits of module interfaces found in languages like Ada and Modula-2 while preserving the expressiveness that gives untyped object-oriented languages like Smalltalk their flexibility. Interfaces are interpreted as polymorphic types to make the system sufficiently powerful. We use interfaces to analyze the properties of inheritance, and identify three distinct kinds of inheritance in object-oriented programming, corresponding to objects, classes, and interfaces, respectively. Object interfaces clarify the distinction between interface containment and inheritance and give insight into limitations caused by equating the notions of type and class in many typed object-oriented programming languages. Interfaces also have practical consequences for design, specification, and maintenance of object-oriented systems.
Death of a Partner: Perspectives of Heterosexual and Gay Men

Previous studies have examined how individuals cope with the death of a partner. Most of these studies have focused on the experiences of women or have studied men only in comparison to women. This qualitative study focused only on the experiences of men, both heterosexual and gay men, grieving the untimely death of a partner due to a terminal illness. In-person two-hour interviews were conducted with 12 men. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). Results identify the similarities and differences of grief in men as influenced by sexual orientation. Recommendations for practitioners providing therapeutic services to grieving men and researchers investigating men's grief are offered.
Triazolopyrimidine (trapidil), a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist, inhibits parathyroid bone disease in an animal model for chronic hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid bone disease in humans is caused by chronic hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Continuous infusion of PTH into rats results in histological changes similar to parathyroid bone disease, including increased bone formation, focal bone resorption, and severe peritrabecular fibrosis, whereas pulsatile PTH increases bone formation without skeletal abnormalities. Using a cDNA microarray with over 5000 genes, we identified an association between increased platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) signaling and PTH-induced bone disease in rats. Verification of PDGF-A overexpression was accomplished with a ribonuclease protection assay. Using immunohistochemistry, PDGF-A peptide was localized to mast cells in PTH-treated rats. We also report a novel strategy for prevention of parathyroid bone disease using triazolopyrimidine (trapidil). Trapidil, an inhibitor of PDGF signaling, did not have any effect on indexes of bone turnover in normal rats. However, dramatic reductions in marrow fibrosis and bone resorption, but not bone formation, were observed in PTH-treated rats given trapidil. Also, trapidil antagonized the PTH-induced increases in mRNA levels for PDGF-A. These results suggest that PDGF signaling is important for the detrimental skeletal effects of HPT, and drugs that target the cytokine or its receptor might be useful in reducing or preventing parathyroid bone disease.
Preliminary test results and upgrades for an automated assembly system

An automated structures assembly testbed developed by Langley Research Center to study the practical problems associated with the automated assembly of large space structures using robotic manipulators is described. Emphasis is placed on the requirements and features of system upgrades and their impact on system performance, flexibility, and reliability. The current research program is aimed at evolving the baseline assembly system into a flexible, robust, sensor-based system capable of assembling more complex truss-supported satellite systems. To achieve this objective, five system upgrades have been developed including a machine vision capability to eliminate taught robot arm positions; an on-board end-effector microprocessor to reduce communications; a second-generation end-effector to construct contoured trusses for antennas and install payloads; the installation of reflector-type panels on the truss to produce a complete and functional system, and an expert system to significantly reduce the amount of software code required for system operation and provide greater flexibility in implementing new features.
Guppies and the TIT FOR TAT strategy : preference based on past interaction

The evolution of cooperation requires either (a) nonrandom interactions, such that cooperators preferentially interact with other cooperators, or (b) conditional behaviors, such that individuals act cooperatively primarily towards other cooperators. Although these conditions can be met without assuming sophisticated animal cognition, they are more likely to be met if animals can remember individuals with whom they have interacted, associate past interactions with these individuals, and base future behavior on this information. Here we show that guppies (Poecilia reticulata), in the context of predator inspection behavior, can identify and remember (for at least 4 h) the “more cooperative” among two conspecifics and subsequently choose to be near these individuals in future encounters.
Direct observation of fine structure transitions in a paramagnetic nickel(II) complex using far-infrared magnetic spectroscopy: a new method for studying high-spin transition metal complexes.

Novel far-infrared (FIR) absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with multiple, fixed external magnetic fields (FIR magnetic spectroscopy, FIRMS) has been used to investigate pseudotetrahedral complexes with the formula M(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (M = Ni, Zn; Ph = C 6 H 5 ). Crystal structures have been reported for the Ni complex; we report the structure of the Zn complex. Transmission spectra at 5 K of Ni-(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (S = 1) at zero magnetic field exhibit absorption bands at 11.41, 15.28, and 23.0 cm - 1 . The two lower frequency bands show great sensitivity to external magnetic field, and their field dependence is as expected for electron spin transitions allowing precise determination of the following parameters: ‖D‖ = 13.35(1) cm - 1 , ‖E‖ = 1.93(1) cm - 1 , g x , y = 2.20(1), g z = 2.00(1). Corresponding spectra of Zn(PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2 (S = 0) exhibit bands only at >20 cm - 1 , which show no field dependence. FIRMS is a promising technique for direct investigation of the electronic structure of high-spin transition metal complexes.
Stress-Intensity Factors for Plate Bending

Stress intensity factors for infinite plate subjected to cylindrical bending with radial cracks from internal hole
asunder is required for dynein localization and dorsal fate determination during Drosophila oogenesis

We previously showed that asunder (asun) is a critical regulator of dynein localization during Drosophila spermatogenesis. Because the expression of asun is much higher in Drosophila ovaries and early embryos than in testes, we herein sought to determine whether ASUN plays roles in oogenesis and/or embryogenesis. We characterized the female germline phenotypes of flies homozygous for a null allele of asun (asund93). We find that asund93 females lay very few eggs and contain smaller ovaries with a highly disorganized arrangement of ovarioles in comparison to wild-type females. asund93 ovaries also contain a significant number of egg chambers with structural defects. A majority of the eggs laid by asund93 females are ventralized to varying degrees, from mild to severe; this ventralization phenotype may be secondary to defective localization of gurken transcripts, a dynein-regulated step, within asund93 oocytes. We find that dynein localization is aberrant in asund93 oocytes, indicating that ASUN is required for this process in both male and female germ cells. In addition to the loss of gurken mRNA localization, asund93 ovaries exhibit defects in other dynein-mediated processes such as migration of nurse cell centrosomes into the oocyte during the early mitotic divisions, maintenance of the oocyte nucleus in the anterior-dorsal region of the oocyte in late-stage egg chambers, and coupling between the oocyte nucleus and centrosomes. Taken together, our data indicate that asun is a critical regulator of dynein localization and dynein-mediated processes during Drosophila oogenesis.
Demonstration of feed-forward control for linear optics quantum computation

One of the main requirements in linear optics quantum computing is the ability to perform single-qubit operations that are controlled by classical information fed forward from the output of single-photon detectors. These operations correspond to predetermined combinations of phase corrections and bit flips that are applied to the postselected output modes of nondeterministic quantum logic devices. Corrections of this kind are required in order to obtain the correct logical output for certain detection events, and their use can increase the overall success probability of the devices. In this paper, we report on the experimental demonstration of the use of this type of feed-forward system to increase the probability of success of a simple nondeterministic quantum logic operation from approximately $\frac{1}{4}$ to $\frac{1}{2}.$ This logic operation involves the use of one target qubit and one ancilla qubit which, in this experiment, are derived from a parametric down-conversion photon pair. Classical information describing the detection of the ancilla photon is fed forward in real time and used to alter the quantum state of the output photon. A fiber-optic delay line is used to store the output photon until a polarization-dependent phase shift can be applied using a high-speed Pockels cell.
Abstract 653: Stat3 as a molecular signature and therapeutic target for inflammatory breast cancer

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive and lethal of all breast cancers. There is little known about the molecular signatures of IBC with the exception that these breast cancers commonly over-express E-cadherin and Rho C GTPase and exist as tumor emboli within dermal lymphatics. In addition, IBC tumor emboli exhibit characteristics of tumor initiating cells, i.e., cancer stem cells. Another interesting characteristic of IBC tumors is their ability to undergo vasculogenic mimicry, forming tube-like structures that abrogate the need of this very aggressive tumor type to induce the development of angiogenic endothelium. In vitro under low adherence culture conditions, IBC cells readily form tumor spheroids that contain ”label retaining” cells and exhibit self-renewal. In addition, when cultured as tumor spheroids in 3 dimensions, they express high levels of the phosphorylated form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (phospho-stat3), recently shown to regulate survival of embryonic stem cells. From a panel of newly developed novel stat3-targeted peptidomimetics, we found that the lead compound, designated as PM-73G, inhibited phospho-stat3, which was associated with blockade of the robust invasion, anchorage independent growth in soft agar and vasculogenic mimicry exhibited by IBC tumor cells without a significant anti-proliferative effect. Using array-based PCR and protein analysis, we found a specific pattern of inhibition of genes/proteins within the Jak/Stat pathway by PM-73G. Results of comparative studies using both PM-73G and stat3 shRNA demonstrate a role for stat3 in maintenance of the cancer stem cell phenotype exhibited by IBC tumor spheroids. Taken together, these studies suggest that stat3 may serve both as a molecular signature of IBC and as a target for development of effective therapeutics for this lethal form of breast cancer that contain tumor cells exhibiting a cancer stem cell phenotype. (Funded by The Susan G. Komen For The Cure Promise Grant KGO 81287 (FMR), The State of Texas Rare and Aggressive Breast Cancer Fund (FMR), NIH NCI CA096652 (JSM) and Center for Targeted Therapy at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and the Texas Institute for Drug and Diagnostic Development at The University of Texas, Austin. (FMR & JSM). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 653.
A talented CPU-to-GPU memory mapping technique

In order to fast effective analysis of large systems, high performance computing (HPC) is essential. NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)-assisted central processing unit (CPU) and graphics processing unit (GPU) computing platform has proven its potential to be used for HPC supports. In CPU/GPU computing, original data and instructions are copied from CPU-main-memory to GPU-global-memory. Inside GPU, it would be beneficial to keep the data into shared memory (shared only by the threads of that block) than in the global memory (shared by all threads). However, GPU shared memory is much smaller than GPU global memory (for Fermi Tesla C2075, total shared memory per block is 48 KB and total global memory is 5.6 GB). In this paper, we introduce a CPU-main-memory to GPU-global-memory mapping technique to improve the GPU/overall system performance by increasing the effectiveness of GPU shared memory. Experimental results, from solving Laplace's equation for 512×512 matrix using Fermi and Kepler cards, show that proposed CPU-to-GPU memory mapping technique help decrease the overall execution time by more than 75%.
Effects of twin pregnancy and dry period feeding strategy on milk production, energy balance, and metabolic profiles in dairy cows.

The present study evaluated the interaction of pregnancy type [PT; single (S) vs. twin (T)] and dry period feeding management [D; close-up (CU) diet (NE(l) = 1.54 Mcal/kg of DM)] throughout the entire dry period (8W) vs. far-off (FO) diet (NE(l) = 1.32 Mcal/kg of DM) from 60 to 21 d before expected calving date (ECD) followed by CU diet until calving (3W). Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial with a randomized block design with primiparous (n = 8) and multiparous (n = 39) Holstein cows. We hypothesized that increasing the duration of feeding a CU diet would improve metabolic status and lactation performance for cows with T, but not for cows with S. All cows were fed similarly in late lactation (90 to 60 d before ECD; diet NE(l) = 1.58 Mcal/kg of DM) and in early lactation (calving to 105 DIM; diet NE(l) = 1.71 Mcal/kg of DM). Prepartum DMI as percentage of BW did not differ (P > 0.10) with D but tended to be greater (P = 0.10) for cows with S than with T. Cows with T tended to have greater (P = 0.08) BW than cows with S, but conceptus-free BW was less (P = 0.001) for cows with T than for cows with S. No differences (P > 0.10) were detected in prepartum BCS or BCS change with PT or D. Energy balance (EB) was greater for cows with S than with T (P 0.10) by D. Postpartum, there was no effect (P > 0.1) of PT or D on mean DMI as percentage of BW, BW, and BCS, but there was an interaction (P = 0.02) of PT x D for mean BCS. Cows that calved T were in a more positive (P = 0.004) EB than cows that calved S. Milk production was 5.2 kg/d greater (P = 0.04) for cows fed 8W; however, they were in less (P = 0.01) EB than cows that received 3W. Postpartum cows that calved T had decreased concentrations of plasma NEFA (P = 0.02) and liver TG (P = 0.04) but greater concentrations of plasma glucose (P = 0.03) than cows that calved S. Plasma BHBA (P = 0.07) and NEFA tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for cows that received 8W than 3W. Neither PT nor D affected (P > 0.1) plasma glucose and liver glycogen. There was a tendency for an interaction of PT x D for plasma NEFA and liver TG. In contrast to our hypothesis, response to D was independent of PT. Based on milk production data from the present experiment, 8W is a more desirable feeding strategy than 3W.
Cognitive dysfunction in adults with Van der Woude syndrome

Purpose: Van der Woude syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder manifested in clefts of the lip and/or palate and lip pits. There is phenotypic and genotypic overlap between Van der Woude syndrome and isolated cleft of the lip and/or palate. Subjects with isolated cleft of the lip and/or palate have been shown to have cognitive dysfunction. Given the similarities between Van der Woude syndrome and isolated cleft of the lip and/or palate, the current study was designed to evaluate the pattern of cognitive function in adults with Van der Woude syndrome. Methods: Fourteen adults with Van der Woude syndrome were compared with age- and gender-matched controls. A battery of cognitive tests was administered to determine general IQ as well as more specific cognitive performance measures. Results: All subjects with Van der Woude syndrome showed deficits in performance on an executive function task. In addition, males with Van der Woude syndrome had significantly lower scores on intelligence measures and on a verbal fluency task compared with controls. Conclusion: The pattern of cognitive function in Van der Woude syndrome is very similar to that seen in isolated cleft of the lip and/or palate. In addition, the findings have a significant gender effect in which males are more severely affected than females. This pattern is common to other conditions with a neurodevelopmental etiology, supporting the notion that the cognitive deficits of Van der Woude syndrome and isolated cleft of the lip and/or palate are due to abnormal brain development.
Immunochemical studies on L-rhamno-D-mannans of Sporothrix schenckii and related fungi by use of rabbit and human antisera

Antisera were prepared in rabbits against the human pathogenic yeast Sporothrix schenckii (strain 1099.12) grown at two different temperatures (25° and 37°). Precipitation and inhibition data showed that the former serum had a specificity directed against α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Man-(1→ determinants, whereas the latter had a broad specificity in which α-L-rhamnosyl or α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-D-Man-was the immunodominant structure. These results are consistent with data on the structures of the L-rhamno-D-mannans isolated from the organism grown at the two different temperatures. Human sera from patients with sporotrichosis were shown to have different specificities resembling the specificities developed in the rabbits. The rabbit antisera were also used to examine the cross-reactivity with L-rhamno-D-mannans from species of the genus Ceratocystis, which is reputed to include the ascigerous (perfect) state of S. schenckii. Polysaccharides from four species of Ceratocystis grown at 25° reacted with the antisera in a manner resembling that of the L-rhamno-D-mannan from S. schenckii grown at 37°. This is in accord with earlier data that showed that only S. schenckii, of the species studied, produces a polysaccharide with large amounts of α-L-Rhap-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ side-chains when grown at 25°.
Charge and energy spectrum of heavy nuclei during the solar minimum, 1965.

Heavy nuclei charge and energy spectrum during solar minimum measured by balloon flight, using nuclear emulsions
Partnering with diabetes educators to improve patient outcomes

Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease that affects millions worldwide. The paradigm of diabetes management has shifted to focus on empowering the person with diabetes to manage the disease successfully and to improve their quality of life. Diabetes self-management education is a collaborative process through which people with diabetes gain the knowledge and skills needed to modify their behavior and to self-manage successfully the disease and its related conditions. Diabetes educators are health care professionals who apply in-depth knowledge and skills in the biological and social sciences, communication, counseling, and pedagogy to enable patients to manage daily and future challenges. Diabetes educators are integral in providing individualized education and promoting behavior change, using a framework of seven self-care behaviors known as the AADE7 Self-Care Behaviors™, developed by the American Association of Diabetes Educators. The iterative process of promoting behavior change includes assessment, goal setting, planning, implementation, evaluation, and documentation. Diabetes educators work as part of the patient's health care team to engage with the patient in informed, shared decision making. The increasing prevalence of diabetes and the growing focus on its prevention require strategies for providing people with knowledge, skills, and strategies they need and can use. The diabetes educator is the logical facilitator of change. Access to diabetes education is critically important; incorporating diabetes educators into more and varied practice settings will serve to improve clinical and quality of life outcomes for persons with diabetes.
Swan neck deformity in rheumatoid arthritis of the hand

Swan neck deformity is not a single entity. Significantly different types of swan neck deformity are found, each demanding careful clinical evaluation and specialised treatment. This paper discusses the pathomechanics of swan neck deformity and presents a classification upon which rational treatment can be based. The surgical treatment of each variant is briefly outlined.
Outcome after cardiac arrest during acute myocardial infarction

A community-wide study of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was conducted in all 16 acute-care general hospitals in the Worcester, Massachusetts, metropolitan area during the years 1975, 1978, 1981 and 1984. The in-hospital and long-term prognoses of 667 patients with AMI complicated by cardiac arrest (CA) was compared with that of 2,596 AMI patients without CA. The incidence of CA complicating AMI was similar (21%) during each of the 4 study years. Among patients with AMI who had CA, 36% had CA within the first day of hospitalization and 48% within the first 2 days. The in-hospital case-fatality rate was much higher for AMI patients with CA (78%) than for those without CA (4%) (p less than 0.001). For patients discharged alive from the hospital, a trend toward a higher mortality rate was seen at 1 and 2 years after hospital discharge for patients with CA; however, long-term survival rates were not significantly different between AMI patients with and without CA. When time of occurrence of CA relative to in-hospital survival was examined, patients with early CA (within 1 day or within 2 days of hospital admission) had a significantly greater in-hospital survival (39% and 34%) than did those with late CA (after 1 day or after 2 days) (13% and 12%). Similarly, patients discharged from the hospital after early CA had a significantly better chance of long-term survival than patients discharged after late CA.
The adsorption of hydrogen chloride on polycrystalline β-silicon carbide

The reactivity of HCl, a by-product of SiC chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from chlorine-containing precursors, is of particular interest because it has been reported that addition of HCl inhibits the SiC CVD process. In this study, HCl adsorption on polycrystalline β-SiC was examined with Auger electron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). HCl adsorbs readily on SiC at 300 K with an initial sticking probability of 0.11 and forms a strong bond with an activation energy for desorption of 64 kcal/mol. The only product detected by TPD is HCl, which desorbs in a peak centered at 1010 K. No silicon- or carbon-containing desorption products are found, demonstrating that HCl does not etch the SiC surface under these conditions. HCl inhibition of SiC CVD can be accounted for qualitatively with a surface site-blocking mechanism.
Mate-Preference Talk in Speed-Dating Conversations

In contrast to experimental psychological speed-dating research in which mate preferences are typically measured as survey responses triggered by a live interactional manipulation, the current study uses a discursive psychological perspective to examine actual mate-preference talk by potential romantic partners in live conversational contexts. Drawing on a corpus of 36 speed-dating interactions, this study examines how mate preferences were elicited, initially formulated, and how responses to mate-preference disclosures were organized across their environment of expansion. Three broad trends emerged. First, the vast majority of mate-preference disclosures were not only prompted, but were prompted in ways that occasioned delayed responses. Second, the majority of initial mate-preference formulations were delayed or mitigated, revealing that requests for and disclosures of mate preferences were delicate social actions. And finally, delayed responses often occasioned protracted expansion sequences which, at ...
Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulated peak lipase concentrations correlate with pancreatic duct morphology

Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulated peak lipase concentrations correlate with pancreatic duct morphology
Kiddo, a new transposable element family closely associated with rice genes.

The promoter region of the rice ubiquitin2 (rubq2) gene was found to be polymorphic between japonica (T309) and indica (IR24) lines as the result of a 270-bp deletion in T309. A TTATA footprint in the T309 rubq2 promoter suggested that an excision event had occurred, and inspection of the 270-bp region present in IR24 revealed that it had all the characteristics of a miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE). Database searches showed that this element is a member of a new MITE family, which we have named Kiddo. Thirty-five complete Kiddo sequences were identified in existing rice genomic sequence databases. They could be arranged into four groups, within-group sequence identity was over 90%, with 65–75% identity between groups. The high sequence similarity within a group indicates that some Kiddo members were recently mobile and may still be active. An additional 24 decayed Kiddo sequences were detected. Interestingly, ~80% of 18 Kiddo members from annotated accessions lie within 530 bp of a coding sequence. That ~40% of Kiddo members present in genic regions reside in introns suggests that Kiddo transposition entails the use of both DNA and RNA intermediates, and may provide some insight into the origins of individual groups. DNA blot analysis showed that Kiddo is a rice-specific element, although one sequence with limited (72%) similarity to Kiddo group A was detected as a wheat EST. Kiddo family members may represent new molecular and phylogenetic markers, as well as representing valuable materials for studying the molecular mechanisms of MITE transposition.
Sense of coherence, negative life events and appraisal of physical health among university students

Abstract We examined the stress-buffering effects of the `sense of coherence' among 116 undergraduates (70 females and 46 males) with a mean age of 18.6 years. Self-reported physical well-being and psychological distress were assessed on two occasions separated by two months. Assessment of the sense of coherence occurred at time-one, whereas assessment of negative life-events for the past year occurred at time-two. Sense of coherence correlated negatively with negative life events and reported psychological symptoms of both occasions, and negative life events correlated positively with both assessments of psychological distress. Negative life events correlated positively with physical ailments reported for both occasions only among students low in sense of coherence; this significant correlation persisted after accounting for the relationship between psychological and physical symptoms. We discuss the possible salubrious effects of a sense of coherence on the health appraisals of young adults experiencing stress.
Rotenone Effects on Aquatic Macroinvertebrates of the Strawberry River, Utah: A Five-Year Summary

ABSTRACT Before treatment with a 3 mg/1 Noxfish (0.15 mg/1 active ingredient; rotenone) for 48 hours, benthic invertebrate communities were quantitatively sampled with a modified Surber net. Then spring, summer, and fall post-rotenone samples were taken monthly at each of four Strawberry River stations for five years. Statistical analyses of the data indicated that the application of rotenone had a significant effect on the following species density: Cinygmula sp., Pteronarcella badia, Hesperoperla pucifica, Hydropsyche sp., and Brachycentrus americanus. Thirty-three percent of the benthic invertebrate taxa at the four stations showed resistance to rotenone. Up to 100% of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera species were missing after the second rotenone application. Forty-six percent of the taxa recovered within one year, but 21% of the taxa were still missing after five years. Of the 19 taxa still missing, 47% were Trichoptera, 21% were Ephemeroptera, 16% were Plecoptera, 11% were Coleoptera, and 5...
Parental accommodation of child anxiety and related symptoms: Range, impact, and correlates

Parental accommodation--i.e., changes in parents' behavior in attempts to prevent or reduce child distress--has been most studied in relation to OCD. Although recent work suggests parents of children with non-OCD anxiety diagnoses also engage in accommodation, little is known about the specific forms, correlates, and associated interference of such accommodation. The present study examined the range and associated interference of parental accommodation behaviors using the newly developed Family Accommodation Checklist and Interference Scale (FACLIS) in a sample of the parents of 71 clinic-referred children with anxiety disorders (NMothers-68; NFathers-51). The FACLIS demonstrated good reliability and validity. Ninety-seven percent of mothers and 88% of fathers reported engaging in at least one type of accommodation in the previous two weeks, with parents reporting an average of roughly 4 interfering parental accommodation behaviors. Greater parental accommodation and associated interference were associated with higher maternal distress. Among the anxiety disorders, accommodation was most strongly associated with generalized and separation anxiety disorder, as well as specific phobias. Findings (a) offer psychometric support for the FACLIS as a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of accommodation range and impact, and (b) help clarify the considerable scope and interference associated with parental accommodation of childhood anxiety.
Insights into the biology of primary central nervous system lymphoma

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare variant of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that is confined to the central nervous system. Biologic studies of PCNSL are challenging to conduct because the disease is rare and available tissue material is sparse. However, in recent years there has been progress in the understanding of PCNSL biology, largely as the result of multicenter studies using modern molecular techniques. Recent studies may improve insight into the pathogenesis of PCNSL and increase the chances of identifying prognostic factors and novel therapeutic targets. This review discusses recent advances in PCNSL biology, including immunologic and genetic risk factors, and focuses on the molecular alterations important in central nervous system lymphomagenesis.
Optical Properties and Chemical Compositions of Apollo 17 Armalcolites

Armalcolite present in Apollo 17 samples 74242 and 75082 displays textures which Haggerty (1973a) used as criteria for distinguishing two distinct varieties—ortho-armalcolite and para-armalcolite. Reflectivity measurements and microprobe analyses were performed on numerous grains of both “varieties” of armalcolite present in these specimens. No major differences in optical properties and no consistent compositional variations were found in these armalcolites. Therefore, the need for distinguishing two “varieties” of armalcolite, whose only major difference appears to be their paragenesis, is unnecessary and unjustified.
Endothelin-1 Enhances Eicosanoids-Induced Coronary Smooth Muscle Contraction by Activating Specific Protein Kinase C Isoforms

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary vasospasm by enhancing coronary vasoconstriction to vasoactive eicosanoids; however, the cellular mechanisms involved are unclear. We investigated whether physiological concentrations of ET-1 enhance coronary smooth muscle contraction to vasoactive eicosanoids by activating specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Cell contraction was measured in single smooth muscle cells isolated from porcine coronary arteries, intracellular free Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) was measured in fura-2-loaded cells, and the cytosolic and particulate fractions were examined for PKC activity and reactivity with isoform-specific anti-PKC antibodies using Western blots. In Hanks' solution (1 mmol/L Ca(2+)), ET-1 (10 pmol/L) did not increase basal [Ca(2+)](i) (81+/-2 nmol/L), but it did cause cell contraction (9%) that was inhibited by GF109203X (10(-6) mol/L), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-indpendent PKC isoforms. The vasoactive eicosanoid prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha), 10(-7) mol/L) caused increases in cell contraction (11%) and [Ca(2+)](i) (108+/-7 nmol/L) that were inhibited by the Ca(2+) channel blocker diltiazem (10(-6) mol/L). Pretreatment with ET-1 (10 pmol/L) for 10 minutes enhanced cell contraction to PGF(2alpha) (35%) with no additional increase in [Ca(2+)](i) (112+/-8 nmol/L). Direct activation of PKC by phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu, 10(-7) mol/L) caused cell contraction (10%) and enhanced PGF(2alpha) contraction (33%) with no additional increase in [Ca(2+)](i) (115+/-7 nmol/L). The ET-1-induced enhancement of PGF(2alpha) contraction was inhibited by Go6976 (10(-6) mol/L), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent PKC isoforms. Both ET-1 and PDBu caused an increase in PKC activity in the particulate fraction and a decrease in the cytosolic fraction and increased the particulate/cytosolic PKC activity ratio. Western blots revealed the Ca(2+)-dependent alpha-PKC and the Ca(2+)-independent delta-, epsilon-, and zeta-PKC isoforms. In resting tissues, alpha- and epsilon-PKC were mainly cytosolic, delta-PKC was mainly in the particulate fraction, and zeta-PKC was equally distributed in the cytosolic and particulate fraction. ET-1 (10 pmol/L) alone or PDBu (10(-7) mol/L) alone caused translocation of epsilon-PKC from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction, localized delta-PKC more in the particulate fraction, but did not change the distribution of zeta-PKC. PGF(2alpha) (10(-7) mol/L) alone did not change PKC activity. In tissues pretreated with ET-1 or PDBu, PGF(2alpha) caused additional increases in alpha-PKC activity. Thus, the enhancement of PGF(2alpha)-induced coronary smooth muscle contraction by physiological concentrations of ET-1 involves activation and translocation of alpha-PKC in addition to delta- and epsilon-PKC isoforms, and this may represent one possible cellular mechanism by which ET-1 could enhance coronary vasoconstriction to vasoactive eicosanoids in coronary vasospasm.