cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IFTS for Harmonically Unsteady Combustion

Combustion studies can benefit from spatially- and temporally-resolved wide-band spectra. We demonstrate an algorithm permitting reconstruction of “snapshot” spectra from harmonically unsteady diffuse laminar flames using a measurement ensemble from a free-running imaging FTS.
Different properties of glucose-6-phosphatase and related enzymes in rough and smooth endoplasmic reticular membranes.

1. 1. Evidence presented supports the hypothesis that the endoplasmic reticular membrane enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, with its related activities, inorganic pyrophosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphate-glucose phosphotransferase, exists within the membrane in two different forms or different degrees of accessibility to substrate. In membrane areas having attached ribosomes the enzyme is predominately in an “activated” configuration while that in the smooth membranes is in a less active or potential form. 2. 2. The three enzyme activities studied have higher pH optima and, under normal assay conditions, greater specific activities in the ribosome-rich, “rough” subfractions of liver microsomes than in “smooth” subfractions of the same preparations. 3. 3. On activation by pretreatment with NH4OH or deoxycholate, the enzymatic activities and pH optima of the smooth subfractions are shifted to higher values to a greater extent than are those of the rough. 4. 4. When comparisons are made on optimally activated samples, total, rough and smooth membranes exhibit approximately the same enzymatic activities and identical elevated pH optima. 5. 5. Despite great quantitative differences in the enzymatic activities of preparations from livers of fed, fasted, phenobarbital-treated and alloxan-diabetic rats, the same patterns of differences between enzyme activities of rough and smooth membranes was observed for all animals. 6. 6. Phenobarbital-treated animals, in which there is a large proliferation of smooth membranes, have been found by others to exhibit a lower specific activity of liver glucose-6-phosphatase than do control animals. This may be explained in part by the preponderance of less active enzyme in the smooth membranes.
Theoretical properties of a 3-layer film of LiBeH3

The linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals-fitting function (LCGTO-FF) technique has been used to calculate the binding energy and electronic band structure of a 3-atom-thick film extracted from bulk LiBeH3 in the cubic perovskite structure. The film is composed of an interior layer of LiH sandwiched between two exterior layers of BeH2, i.e., there are eight atoms per unit cell (1 Li, 2 Be, and 5 H). The calculated cubic lattice parameter for the 3-layer (a = 5.74 au) lies roughly midway between the previously published theoretical lattice parameters for a BeH2 monolayer (5.51 au) and bulk LiBeH3 in the cubic perovskite structure (5.89 au). The 3-layer film is predicted to be a semimetal (i.e., zero-gap semiconductor), unlike both bulk LiBeH3 which is predicted to be a semiconductor, and monolayer BeH2, which is predicted to be a good metal. The metallic nature of the 3-layer is due to a Be surface state that cuts across the other valence bands of the film, in good agreement with an earlier prediction that cubic perovskite LiBeH3 cleaved to expose a BeH2 layer would provide a metallic surface on an insulating substrate. The fact that the density of states goes to zero at the Fermi level is a direct result of the symmetries of the one-electron states.
Lung washout during spontaneous breathing: parameter estimation with a time-varying model.

Abstract We use a time-varying model to analyze the multibreath washout of nitrogen from lungs of human subjects breathing spontaneously. Based on standard pulmonary function evaluation, the 39 subjects tested are classified in the following categories: nonsmoking normal, “smoking” normal, asthma, diffuse interstitial lung disease, and chronic obstructive lung disease. The degree of ventilation inhomogeneity among these subjects was indicated by two independent parameters of the model, which were estimated by nonlinear optimization. A Gauss-Newton algorithm with a Marquardt modification was applied to a least-squares objective function. Constraints were included in a penalty function. Values of the model parameters from repeated washouts of the same subjects showed wide variability. Also, model parameters did not appear to provide any better distinction among clinical groups than did a moment ratio whose computation is much less expensive and more reliable.
The role of the tvb locus in genetic resistance to RSV(RAV-0)

Abstract Genetic susceptibility to RSV(RAV-0), an avian sarcoma virus belonging to subgroup E. has been studied in two sets of inbred chicken lines. Data from the Reaseheath lines suggested that a recessive gene, independent of susceptibility to subgroup B, controlled resistance to subgroup E virus. This gene was assumed to be a new tve locus. Studies of the Regional Poultry Research Laboratory (RPRL) lines suggested that a recessive gene for resistance was located at the tvb locus and thus genetically linked to resistance to subgroup B virus. Crosses and backcrosses of Reaseheath and RPRL lines were assayed for susceptibility to RSV(RAV-0) and RSV(RAV-2) on the chorioallantoic membrane. The data completely support the hypothesis that a single locus controls recessive resistance to subgroup B and E viruses. Therefore, there was no evidence for an independent tve locus.
Raphé-produced excitation of spinal cord motoneurons in the cat.

In all motoneurons examined, both flexor and extensor, raphe (pallidus) stimulation consistently produced an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Upon interaction with a group Ia EPSP there was summation resulting in neuronal discharge. The raphe-induced EPSP also facilitated the initial segment-somadendritic coupling and hence the motoneuron excitability. These data support an excitatory role for raphe-spinal fibers on cat hindlimb motoneurons.
Structural Basis for the Binding of the Neutralizing Antibody, 7D11, to the Poxvirus L1 Protein

Medical countermeasures to prevent or treat smallpox are needed due to the potential use of poxviruses as biological weapons. Safety concerns with the currently available smallpox vaccine indicate a need for research on alternative poxvirus vaccine strategies. Molecular vaccines involving the use of proteins and/or genes and recombinant antibodies are among the strategies under current investigation. The poxvirus L1 protein, encoded by the L1R open reading frame, is the target of neutralizing antibodies and has been successfully used as a component of both protein subunit and DNA vaccines. L1-specific monoclonal antibodies (e.g., mouse monoclonal antibody mAb-7D11, mAb-10F5) with potent neutralizing activity bind L1 in a conformation-specific manner. This suggests that proper folding of the L1 protein used in molecular vaccines will affect the production of neutralizing antibodies and protection. Here, we co-crystallized the Fab fragment of mAb-7D11 with the L1 protein. The crystal structure of the complex between Fab-7D11 and L1 reveals the basis for the conformation-specific binding as recognition of a discontinuous epitope containing two loops that are held together by a disulfide bond. The structure of this important conformational epitope of L1 will contribute to the development of molecular poxvirus vaccines and also provides a novel target for anti-poxvirus drugs. In addition, the sequence and structure of Fab-7D11 will contribute to the development of L1-targeted immunotherapeutics.
Self-actualisation of elite wheelchair athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-actualisation of male and female elite wheelchair athletes in comparison to the general population and to able-bodied athletes. All subjects completed the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), and statistically significant differences were identified. In general, wheelchair athletes were similar to the general population. Male wheelchair athletes were significantly more self-actualised than able-bodied athletes, but female wheelchair athletes were self-actualised to the same extent as able-bodied athletes.
Natural convection near 4°C in a water saturated porous layer heated from below

Abstract This paper reports a numerical study of two-dimensional natural convection in a horizontal porous layer heated from below and saturated with cold water. The density maximum of water at 3.98°C and atmospheric pressure occurs inside the layer, as the top surface is maintained at 0°C and the bottom surface is varied from 4 to 8°C. Three separate series of numerical simulations document the effect of Rayleigh number, bottom surface temperature, and horizontal length of the porous layer on the overall heat transfer rate vertically through the layer. The range of these numerical experiments is 200 Ra p H / L C T H C , where Ra p , H / L and T H are the Darcy-modified Rayleigh number for a fluid with density maximum, the geometric ratio height/length, and the bottom wall temperature. The numerical results agree with published linear stability results regarding the onset of convection.
Fat-water MRI is sensitive to local adipose tissue inflammatory changes in a diet-induced obesity mouse model at 15T

In obesity, fat-water MRI (FWMRI) methods provide valuable information about adipose tissue (AT) distribution. AT is known to undergo complex metabolic and endocrine changes in association with chronic inflammation including iron overloading. Here, we investigate the potential for FWMRI parameters (fat signal fraction (FSF), local magnetic field offset, and T 2 *) to be sensitive to AT inflammatory changes in an established diet-induced obesity mouse model. Male C57BL/6J mice were placed on a low fat (LFD) or a high fat diet (HFD). 3D multi- gradient-echo MRI at 15.2T was performed at baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after diet onset. A 3D fat-water separation algorithm and additional processing was used to generate FSF, local field offset, and T 2 * maps. We examined these parameters in perirenal AT ROIs from HFD and LFD mice. Results: The data suggest that FSF, local field offset, and T 2 * can differentiate time course behavior between inflamed and control AT (increasing FSF, decreasing local field offset, increasing followed by decreasing T 2 *). The biophysical mechanisms of these observed changes are not well understood and require further study. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first evidence that FWMRI can provide biomarkers sensitive to AT inflammation, and that FWMRI has the potential for longitudinal non-invasive assessment of AT inflammation in obesity.
Preparation and characterization of an arylsulphatase insolubilized on porous glass.

THE enzyme sterol sulphate sulphohydrolase (EC 3162) is used for the hydrolysis of steroid conjugates before analysis of body fluids for total oestrogens; but it is rather costly. The availability of a re-usable derivative of this enzyme which would be stable for a long time might be of value to the clinical chemist. I therefore decided to prepare an insolubilized derivative of this enzyme and determine its properties.
A Note on Contention with Reference to Communication Networks

In this paper we give a solution to a contention problem with reference to communication networks. A and B simultaneously try to access a communication channel. They attempt access again at some later time chosen at random. From what probability density function should the time be chosen to minimize conflict? They are not allowed to communicate with one another.
Incongruity and Provisional Safety: Thinking Through Humor

The aim of this paper is to reconceive safety as a form of relation embedded in particular ways of speaking, listening and thinking. Moving away from safety as a relation that is achieved once and for all and afterwards remains safe avoids some of the disappointments of discourses of safety that seem to promise once a risk is taken or a gap is bridged that thereafter relations among people will be easier and calmer. This bumpier version of safety suggests that humor creates the kind of instabilities in discourse that act, perhaps ironically, as an invitation to enjoy the difficulties of communicating complex and challenging ideas. Humor, then, creates a kind of safe space, not devoid of dramatic shifts or emotional response, but organized around those shifts as experiences that are moments apart from conflict. I explore the use of humor as a form of serious play in social justice classrooms, examining the strategies of indirect teaching, contradictory lessons, and jolting pleasure that more traditional pedagogical approaches are less able to create. I see in humor a complex form of address and interaction that plays on the multiple possibilities within an utterance or concept and by reminding classroom communities of those possibilities. Humor can erupt from shared moments and disjunctive understandings and can as easily be mobilized by teachers as by students. By reopening the possibilities of concepts and relations, humor shatters simplistic readings by literally playing out what might be said and what could be tried but often manages to combine a sense of safety via shared laughter with its disruptions.
Validation Data and Model Development for Nuclear Fuel Assembly Response to Seismic Loading

A joint experimental and numerical campaign is conducted to provide validation datasets for high-fidelity fluid-structure interaction models of nuclear fuel assemblies during seismic loading. A refractive index matched flow loop is operated on a six-degree-of-freedom shake table and instrumented with non-intrusive optical diagnostics. The test section can house up to three full height fuel assemblies. To guarantee reproducible and controlled initial conditions, special care is given to the test section inlet plenum; in particular it is designed to minimize secondary pulsatile flow that may arise due to ground acceleration. A single transparent surrogate 6×6 fuel subassembly is used near prototypical Reynolds number, Re = 105 based on hydraulic diameter. To preserve dynamic similarity of the model with prototype, the main dimensionless parameters are matched and custom spacer grids are designed. Special instruments are developed to characterize fluid and structure response and to operate in this challenging shaking environment. In parallel to the above experiments we also conducted fully coupled large-eddy simulations, where the equations for the fluid and the structure are simultaneously advanced in time using a partitioned scheme. To deal with the highly complex geometrical configuration, which also involves large displacements and deformations we utilize a second order accurate, immersed boundary formulation, where the geometry is immersed in a block-structured grid with adaptive mesh refinement. To explore a wide parametric range we will consider several subsets of the experimental configuration. A typical computation involves 60K cores, on leadership high performance computing facilities (i.e. IBM Blue-Gene Q – MIRA).Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Resistance and recovery of soil microbial communities in the face of Alliaria petiolata invasions

Invaders can gain ecological advantages because of their evolutionary novelty, but little is known about how these novel advantages will change over time as the invader and invaded community evolve in response to each other. Invasive plants often gain such an advantage through alteration of soil microbial communities. In soil communities sampled from sites along a gradient of invasion history with Alliaria petiolata, microbial richness tended to decline, but the community's resistance to A. petiolata's effects generally increased with increasing history of invasion. However, sensitive microbial taxa appeared to recover in the two oldest sites, leading to an increase in richness, but consequent decrease in resistance. This may be because of evolutionary changes in the A. petiolata populations, which tend to reduce their investment to allelopathic compounds over time. These results show that, over time, microbial communities can develop resistance to an invasive plant but at the cost of lower richness. However, over longer time-scales evolution in the invasive species may allow for the recovery of soil microbial communities.
Complexity of checking the existence of a stabilizing decentralized controller

Given an interconnected system, this paper is concerned with the time complexity of verifying if any given unrepeated mode of the system is a decentralized fixed mode (DFM). It is shown that checking the decentralized fixedness of any distinct mode is tantamount to testing the strong connectivity of a digraph formed based on the system. It is subsequently proved that the time complexity of this decision problem using the proposed approach is the same as the complexity of matrix multiplication. This work concludes that the identification of distinct decentralized fixed modes (by means of a deterministic algorithm, rather than a randomized one) is computationally very easy, although the existing algorithms for solving this problem would wrongly imply that it is cumbersome. This paper provides not only a complexity analysis, but also an efficient algorithm for tackling the underlying problem.
From Image to Sound: the Study of Assistive System for the Blind Based on EBCOT

We explore in this study how to provide the real-time processing of the system, which helps the blind "see" the world by auditory pathway, based on Embedded block coding with optimized truncation (EBCOT). The main idea of the EBCOT algorithm is to apply two-tier coding and optimal wavelet base. A special feature of EBCOT algorithm is its ability to code with embedded block and the minimum rate-distortion. This paper demonstrates the properties of EBCOT with several examples and provides extensive comparison to other coding methods, such as SPIHT and EZW. In addition, we compare with the wavelet of db9/7 and db5/3 used in EBCOT. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method is feasible and effective.
Drug Release from Compressed Hydrophilic Matrices

This study is concerned with the release of drugs from the planar surface and the whole surface of a hydrophilic polymer tablet matrix. The sustained drug-release characteristics of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 15,000 cps. previously described was found to be the result of a hydration layer being formed at the tablet surface. As long as the integrity of the hydrated polymer was maintained, the release of drug was diffusion controlled. Environmental conditions have been investigated. Diffusion coefficients for the drugs used were calculated by means of the model equations predicting drug release from inert matrices and ointment bases. Comparison of the rates of drug release from the planar surface of a compressed polymer matrix with theoretically predicted values was made.
Vector-based signal processing and quantization for image and video compression

Image and video compression has become an increasingly important and active area. Many techniques have been developed in this area. Any compression technique can be modeled as a three-stage process. The first stage can be generally called a signal processing stage where an image or video signal is converted into a different domain. Usually, there is no or little loss of information in this stage. The second stage is quantization where loss of information occurs. The third stage is lossless coding that generates the compressed bit stream. The purpose of the signal processing stage is to convert an image or video signal into such a form that quantization can achieve better performance than without the signal processing stage. Because the quantization stage is the place where most of compression is achieved and loss of information occurs, it is naturally the central stage of any compression technique. Since scalar quantization or vector quantization may be used in the second stage, the operation in the first stage should be scalar-based or vector-based respectively in order to match the second stage so that the compression performance can be optimized. In this paper, we summarize the most recent research results on vector-based signal processing and quantization techniques that have shown high compression performance. >
Genome-Wide Linkage Approach Yields Novel Early Onset Myocardial Infarction Locus in East Asians

Myocardial infarction (MI), a severe manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD), is a leading cause of death worldwide.1 Although many environmental, social, and behavioral risk factors contribute to its pathogenesis, genetic factors exert a substantial influence on disease risk, particularly for early onset forms of CAD and MI.2,3 To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs), predominantly using samples of European or South Asian ancestry, have identified >45 independent common CAD loci, as well as 9 early onset MI loci.2,4,5 Although some of the identified gene regions impact lipid or blood pressure regulatory pathways, many more offer new and unexpected pathogenic insights.2,4 Despite these large-scale efforts, leveraging large sample sizes in both case–control and longitudinal cohort study designs, a substantial proportion of the heritable risk of CAD and MI remains unexplained.2,6,7 Furthermore, despite the known epidemiological link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD/MI, none of the established common genetic risk variants for these diseases has a known association with type 2 diabetes mellitus.3,4 Article see p 569 Although the majority of replicated CAD and MI risk variants have been detected using GWAS methodologies, linkage analysis has also been used to varying degrees of success.8–11 Linkage analysis across 3 generations of a family with multiple members with CAD identified a strong linkage signal at 15q26, mapped to …
Timing-based delay test for screening small delay defects

The delay fault test pattern set generated by timing unaware commercial ATPG tools mostly affects very short paths, thereby increasing the escape chance of smaller delay defects. These small delay defects might be activated on longer paths during functional operation and cause a timing failure. This paper presents an improved pattern generation technique for transition fault model, which provides a higher coverage of small delay defect that lie along the long paths, using a commercial no-timing ATPG tool. The proposed technique pre-processes the scan flip-flops based on their least slack path and the detectable delay defect size. A new delay defect size metric based on the affected path length and required increase in test frequency is developed. We then perform pattern generation and apply a novel pattern selection technique to screen test patterns affecting longer paths. Using this technique will provide the opportunity of using existing timing unaware ATPG tools as slack based ATPG. The resulting pattern set improves the defect screening capability of small delay defects.
Pearls are novel Cajal body-like structures in the Xenopus germinal vesicle that are dependent on RNA pol III transcription

We have identified novel nuclear bodies, which we call pearls, in the giant oocyte nuclei of Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis. Pearls are attached to the lampbrush chromosomes at specific loci that are transcribed by RNA polymerase III, and they disappear after inhibition of polymerase III activity. Pearls are enriched for small Cajal body-specific RNAs (scaRNAs), which are guide RNAs that modify specific nucleotides on splicing snRNAs. Surprisingly, snRNAs themselves are not present in pearls, suggesting that pearls are not functionally equivalent to Cajal bodies in other systems, which contain both snRNAs and scaRNAs. We suggest that pearls may function in the processing of RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as tRNA, 5S rRNA, and other short non-coding RNAs.
Increased Protein Intake in Military Special Operations

Special operations are so designated for the specialized military missions they address. As a result, special operations present some unique metabolic challenges. In particular, soldiers often operate in a negative energy balance in stressful and demanding conditions with little opportunity for rest or recovery. In this framework, findings inferred from the performance literature suggest that increased protein intake may be beneficial. In particular, increased protein intake during negative caloric balance maintains lean body mass and blood glucose production. The addition of protein to mixed macronutrient supplements is beneficial for muscle endurance and power endpoints, and the use of amino acids improves gross and fine motor skills. Increasing protein intake during periods of intense training and/or metabolic demand improves subsequent performance, improves muscular recovery, and reduces symptoms of psychological stress. Consumption of protein before sleep confers the anabolic responses required for the maintenance of lean mass and muscle recovery. A maximal response in muscle protein synthesis is achieved with the consumption of 20-25 g of protein alone. However, higher protein intakes in the context of mixed-nutrient ingestion also confer anabolic benefits by reducing protein breakdown. Restricted rations issued to special operators provide less than the RDA for protein ( ∼ 0.6 g/kg), and these soldiers often rely on commercial products to augment their rations. The provision of reasonable alternatives and/or certification of approved supplements by the U.S. Department of Defense would be prudent.
Relating sensory and chemical properties of sour cream to consumer acceptance

Sour cream is a widely popular acidified dairy product. Volatile compounds and organic acids and their specific contributions to flavor or acceptance have not been established, nor has a comprehensive study been conducted to characterize drivers of liking for sour cream. The objective of this study was to characterize chemical and sensory properties of sour cream and to determine the drivers of liking for sour cream. Descriptive sensory and instrumental analyses followed by consumer testing were conducted. Flavor and texture attributes of 32 (22 full-fat, 6 reduced-fat, and 4 fat-free) commercial sour creams were evaluated by a trained descriptive sensory panel. Percent solids, percent fat, pH, titratable acidity, and colorimetric measurements were conducted to characterize physical properties of sour creams. Organic acids were evaluated by HPLC and volatile aroma active compounds were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with gas chromatography-olfactometry. Consumer acceptance testing (n=201) was conducted on selected sour creams, followed by external preference mapping. Full-fat sour creams were characterized by the lack of surface gloss and chalky textural attributes, whereas reduced-fat and fat-free samples displayed high intensities of these attributes. Full-fat sour creams were higher in cooked/milky and milk fat flavors than the reduced-fat and fat-free samples. Reduced-fat and fat-free sour creams were characterized by cardboard, acetaldehyde/green, and potato flavors, bitter taste, and astringency. Lactic acid was the prominent organic acid in all sour creams, followed by acetic and citric acids. High aroma-impact volatile compounds in sour creams were 2,3-butanedione, acetic acid, butyric acid, octanal, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, 1-octene-3-one, and acetaldehyde. Positive drivers of liking for sour cream were milk fat, cooked/milky and sweet aromatic flavors, opacity, color intensity, and adhesiveness. This comprehensive study established sensory and instrumental properties of sour creams and their relationship to consumer acceptance.
Postoperative Jejunal Feeding and Outcome of Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Complications following pancreaticoduodenectomy are common, partly because of nutritional debilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of early postoperative tube feeding on outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy and determine the best method for delivering enteral feeding. A retrospective review of 180 consecutive patients undergoing Whipple operations from 1994 to 2000 was performed. Two nonrandomized patient groups were retrospectively studied: those with early postoperative tube feeding vs. those with no planned feeding. Ninety-eight patients (54%) received postoperative jejunal feeding, whereas 82 patients (46%) did not. Jejunal feeding was delivered via a bridled nasojejunal tube in 55 patients (56%) and a gastrojejunal tube in 43 (44%). Vomiting (10% vs. 29%; P = 0.002) and use of total parenteral nutrition (6% vs. 27%; P < 0.0001) were less in the jejunal feeding group as well as rates of readmission (12% vs. 27%; P= 0.022), early (52% vs. 62%; P = 0.223) and late (12% vs. 31%, P = 0.005) complications, and infections (13% vs. 20%, P = 0.014). Tube-related complications occurred in 6 of 98 patients, all of which were associated with gastrojejunal tubes (P = 0.021). Early postoperative tube feeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with significantly less use of total parenteral nutrition and lower rates of readmission and complications. A bridled nasojejunal feeding tube appears to be a safe and reliable method of short-term enteral feeding.
Five, six, and seven-term Karatsuba-like formulae

The Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm starts with a way to multiply two 2-term (i.e., linear) polynomials using three scalar multiplications. There is also a way to multiply two 3-term (i.e., quadratic) polynomials using six scalar multiplications. These are used within recursive constructions to multiply two higher-degree polynomials in subquadratic time. We present division-free formulae, which multiply two 5-term polynomials with 13 scalar multiplications, two 6-term polynomials with 17 scalar multiplications, and two 7-term polynomials with 22 scalar multiplications. These formulae may be mixed with the 2-term and 3-term formulae within recursive constructions, leading to improved bounds for many other degrees. Using only the 6-term formula leads to better asymptotic performance than standard Karatsuba. The new formulae work in any characteristic, but simplify in characteristic 2. We describe their application to elliptic curve arithmetic over binary fields. We include some timing data.
Control of a Two-Axis Micromanipulator-Based Scanning Probe System for 2.5-D Nanometrology

This paper presents a versatile atomic-force-microscope (AFM)-based two-axis probing system for 2.5-D nanometrology. Central to this system is a two-axis compliant micromanipulator based on the AFM probe whose orientation and position can be actively changed in the scanning plane. Three enabling technologies are proposed to uniformly scan the section of the sample surface within this plane. First, an orientation control system is developed that controls the tip-orientation to track the changes in normal of the surface section. Second, tapping mode-based tip-sample interaction scheme is developed wherein the direction of tip oscillation and the peak force are controlled, according to the local orientation of the section. Third, a two-axis scanning scheme is developed wherein the scanning and interaction control axes are aligned along the tangent and normal to the local section. Taken together, these technologies enable the entire scanning process to conform to the geometry of the sample in the scanning plane and facilitate metrology of samples with large geometric variation along the two axes. In this paper, the developed probing system is used to scan the entire top surface of a micropipette and demonstrate greater access and absence of artifacts when compared to a conventional scan.
Attachment, aggression and holding: a cautionary tale.

(2003). Attachment, aggression and holding: A cautionary tale. Attachment & Human Development: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 245-247.
Gossiping in the multicasting communication environment

The gossiping problem consists of an n processor communication network N, in which every processor has to broadcast a single message. We present an efficient algorithm to generate a communication schedule with total communication time at most n+r, where r is the radius of the network, when message multicasting is allowed. Our algorithm begins by constructing a spanning tree (or tree network T) with least possible radius. Then all the communications are carried out in the tree network as follows. Each processor waits its turn to transmit consecutively to its parent and children all the messages in its subtree. Before and after these communications, each processor must transmit to its children all the messages emanating elsewhere in the network.
Observations of Disks and Outflows from Young Stars

This review concentrates on observations of outflows from young stars during the last seven years. Recent developments include detections of an increasing number of Herbig-Haro flows at X-rays and UV wavelengths, high-resolution studies of irradiated jets with HST, wide-field imaging of parsec-scale outflows with groundbased CCDs and near-IR imagers, complete surveys of visual and near-IR emission from shocks in the vicinity of entire molecular clouds with wide-field imagers, far-infrared studies with the Infrared Space Observatory and the Spitzer Space Telescope, and high angular submillimeter, millimeter, and centimeter wavelength aperture synthesis array data cubes showing both the spatial and velocity structure of jets and outflows.
Regional and global variations of water vapor and high clouds inferred from two years' measurements with MODIS near-IR channels

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) on the Terra spacecraft has been obtaining scientific data since February of 2000. On the MODIS instrument, there are five channels located within and around the 0.94-micron water vapor band absorption region for remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor. There is also a channel at 1.38-micron for remote sensing of high clouds. Based on two years of measurements with these channels, reliable observations of water vapor and high clouds on regional and global scales have been made. Daily, seasonal, and annual variations of water vapor and high clouds are obviously seen.
Application of multi-attribute utility theory for sustainable energy decisions in commercial buildings: A case study

Purpose – Despite substantial advances in technologies enhancing the energy efficiency of buildings, they remain the largest consumers of energy in the USA compared with other sectors. In addition, the current rating systems for sustainable buildings do not reflect all potential energy savings during the design, construction, and occupancy of the built environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) as a framework for quantifying energy decisions made during the design phase of a building construction project. Design/methodology/approach – The MAUT method was applied to a case study, and the results were compared with subjective results from the decision makers. Analysis of the results suggested that MAUT is a decision analysis tool that could aid decision makers in communicating their decision criteria and expectations. Findings – Findings from this research suggest that using an analysis method provides the decision makers with a systematic w...
Spatio-temporal hybrid automata for safe cyber-physical systems: a medical case study

Interactions between the computing units and the physical environment in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSes) are considered to verify safety properties, i.e. ensuring the un-intentional side-effects of cyber-physical interactions are within desired limits. A Linear 1 space dimension Spatio-Temporal Hybrid Automata (L1STHA) is defined to capture the effects of the interactions, in both time and space. Aggregate effects of interactions due to concurrent operations in the computing entities are expressed as a set of interdependent partial differential equations associated with dedicated modes of the L1STHA model. A time and space bound L1STHA reachability analysis algorithm is proposed for safety verification, which provides reachable states of the L1STHA with an arbitrary accuracy e. The runtime of the algorithm depends on the requested accuracy. The usage of the L1STHA modeling and analysis is demonstrated for medical CPSes such as infusion pumps.
Desire for Marriage and Children: A Comparison of Feminist and Non-feminist Women

Research indicates that liberal gender ideologies and feminist beliefs are related to a lower desire for marriage and children, but the importance of feminist self-identification has not been assessed. In Study 1, self-identified feminist and non-feminist women were asked to rate their own and the typical woman’s desire for marriage and children. Non-feminists desired marriage and children more than did feminists. Both groups believed that the typical woman desired these more than they did. In Study 2, feminist and non-feminist women provided information about feminist beliefs as well as their own and the typical feminist’s desire for marriage and children. Consistent with the results from Study 1, non-feminists desired marriage and children more than did feminists. Feminist identity was also found to predict decreased desire for marriage above and beyond feminist beliefs. Our results indicated that stereotypes of feminists, in this context, are somewhat accurate.
Heparin decamer bridges a growth factor and an oligolysine by different charge-driven interactions.

Full-length heparin is widely used in tissue engineering applications due its multiple protein-binding sites that allow it to retain growth factor affinity while associating with oligopeptide compo...
Scalable optical interconnection network for parallel and distributed computing

In this paper, a high-performance, scalable, parallel computing system called RAPID is designed using switchless, passive optical interconnect technology. RAPID outperforms current electrical multiprocessor systems by significantly decreasing the remote memory access latency.
On a class of unsteady boundary layers of finite extent

A class of unsteady boundary layers that form on flat extensible surfaces of finite but increasing length in otherwise stagnant surroundings is considered. The surface length R is assumed to grow with time as t p where p > 0 and the velocity at any location 0 ≤ r ≤ R on the surface as t p-np-1 r n , where n ≥ 0. The problem is cast into similarity variables and the governing parabolic differential equation shown to exhibit, for various combinations of n and p, regions of mixed mathematical diffusivity and reversals in the direction of convection of vorticity. Equations depicting such behaviour are usually termed singular parabolic and are here classified as follows : type-0, in which the mathematical diffusivity may be either positive or mixed but in which there are no reversals in the direction of convection of vorticity ; type-1, in which the mathematical diffusivity may be either positive or mixed but in which there are reversals in the direction of convection of vorticity.
SEASONAL TRANSMISSION OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES OF EQUIDS IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA

Parasite-naive pony foals were used as sentinels to monitor transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of equids in Louisiana during 4 seasons of the year. Two annual periods were studied, 1988–1989 and 1992–1993. Two or 3 foals each season were turned out to graze a contaminated pasture along with resident parasitized mares and their foals. After a grazing period of 8 wk, sentinel ponies were held in a parasite-free box stall for a period of 6 wk to allow parasites to develop, thus enhancing the evaluation of hypobiotic stages. Following this holding period, necropsies were performed for complete parasite recoveries. Data show that transmission of large and small strongyles occurs during all seasons in southern Louisiana, with highest levels of transmission occurring in the winter and only minimal transmission taking place in the summer. Numbers of mucosal cyathostomes, as well as total cyathostome numbers, were highest in the winter, and luminal cyathostome numbers were highest in the spring. Transmissi...
Epidemiology and symptomatology of long acting anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning

Background: Long acting anticoagulant rodenticides (LAARs) are widely used pesticides that initiate anticoagulation through avitamin K antagonist (VKA) mechanism. Human exposures produce presentations ranging from asymptomatic to fatal. Methods: A comprehensive literature search and search of relevant databases was conducted. Data related to epidemiology ofLAAR exposure as well as clinical manifestations of LAAR poisoning and clinical management were extracted. Results: Between 1987 and 2012, 315,951 total exposures were reported to the American Association of Poison ControlCenters. Of these, 95.6% were unintentional and 88.9% occurred in children under the age of six. Moderate or major effectsoccurred in only 0.6% of human LAAR exposures. Of reviewed case reports, the most common hemorrhagic manifestationswere mucocutaneous. Fatalities were most commonly associated with intracranial hemorrhage and intentional misuse. Multipleroutes of exposure have been reported including oral, percutaneous, and inhalational. Treatment courses required prolongedadministration of high dose vitamin K. Conclusions: Most instances represent unintentional LAAR exposures among children. Although the majority of exposures areasymptomatic, serious coagulopathy may occur, and LAAR poisoning may not immediately be considered as an etiology. Aheightened awareness for this entity and awareness of diagnosis and treatment principles are critical to appropriate management.
Plant–Plant Allelopathic Interaction. Phase II: Field/Laboratory Experiments

This chapter describes the underlying criteria and assumption in the development and execution of field and associated laboratory bioassays. It provides details and commentary regarding the materials and methods used. More specifically, describes how glyphosate-desiccated wheat and other cover crops (crimson clover, subterranean clover, and rye) in no-till systems can directly and indirectly influence morningglory, pigweed, and prickly sida seedling emergence, with emphasis on the role of phenolic acids in plant residues and soil.
New Insights into the Complexities of Shell Growth and the Strong Influence of Particle Volume in Nonblinking “Giant” Core/Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots

The growth of ultra-thick inorganic CdS shells over CdSe nanocrystal quantum dot (NQD) cores gives rise to a distinct class of NQD called the “giant” NQD (g-NQD). g-NQDs are characterized by unique photophysical properties compared to their conventional core/shell NQD counterparts, including suppressed fluorescence intermittency (blinking), photobleaching, and nonradiative Auger recombination. Here, we report new insights into the numerous synthetic conditions that influence the complex process of thick-shell growth. We show the individual and collective effects of multiple reaction parameters (noncoordinating solvent and coordinating-ligand identities and concentrations, precursor/NQD ratios, precursor reaction times, etc.) on determining g-NQD shape and crystalline phase, and the relationship between these structural features and optical properties. We find that hexagonally faceted wurzite g-NQDs afford the highest ensemble quantum yields in emission and the most complete suppression of blinking. Signif...
The Rate of Growth and Ecesis in Lichens

SummaryOne may speculate about possible or probable methods of migration to the denuded quadrats; but nothing is definitely known further than seeing parts of Cladonia thalli lying on some of the q...
510 A Novel Myh7 Variant Identified in a Child with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is very rare in children and usually associated with a poor prognosis. Identification and thorough diagnostic work-up are essential. We report the case of a 3 year old previously well girl, who was referred to A&E with shortness of breath. On admission, she was found to be in acute heart failure. Echocardiography showed a restrictive cardiomyopathy and a very large pericardial effusion which was subsequently drained. A full cardiomyopathy screen was performed but all her metabolic indices were normal. Genetic investigations identified a novel MYH7 variant. The MYH7 gene is usually associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This patient is the second in the world in whom RCM has resulted from a variant invariant in MYH7 , the first with a phenotypic effect and provides further evidence that this gene is linked with different cardiac phenotypes.
CADRE-SS, an in Silico Tool for Predicting Skin Sensitization Potential Based on Modeling of Molecular Interactions.

Using computer models to accurately predict toxicity outcomes is considered to be a major challenge. However, state-of-the-art computational chemistry techniques can now be incorporated in predictive models, supported by advances in mechanistic toxicology and the exponential growth of computing resources witnessed over the past decade. The CADRE (Computer-Aided Discovery and REdesign) platform relies on quantum-mechanical modeling of molecular interactions that represent key biochemical triggers in toxicity pathways. Here, we present an external validation exercise for CADRE-SS, a variant developed to predict the skin sensitization potential of commercial chemicals. CADRE-SS is a hybrid model that evaluates skin permeability using Monte Carlo simulations, assigns reactive centers in a molecule and possible biotransformations via expert rules, and determines reactivity with skin proteins via quantum-mechanical modeling. The results were promising with an overall very good concordance of 93% between experim...
A New Framework and Prototype Solution for Clinical Decision Support and Research in Genomics and Other Data-intensive Fields of Medicine

Introduction: In genomics and other fields, it is now possible to capture and store large amounts of data in electronic medical records (EMRs). However, it is not clear if the routine accumulation of massive amounts of (largely uninterpretable) data will yield any health benefits to patients. Nevertheless, the use of large-scale medical data is likely to grow. To meet emerging challenges and facilitate optimal use of genomic data, our institution initiated a comprehensive planning process that addresses the needs of all stakeholders (e.g., patients, families, healthcare providers, researchers, technical staff, administrators). Our experience with this process and a key genomics research project contributed to the proposed framework. Framework: We propose a two-pronged Genomic Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) that encompasses the concept of the “ Clinical Mendeliome ” as a patient-centric list of genomic variants that are clinically actionable and introduces the concept of the “ Archival Value Criterion ” as a decision-making formalism that approximates the cost-effectiveness of capturing, storing, and curating genome-scale sequencing data. We describe a prototype Genomic CDSS that we developed as a first step toward implementation of the framework. Conclusion: The proposed framework and prototype solution are designed to address the perspectives of stakeholders, stimulate effective clinical use of genomic data, drive genomic research, and meet current and future needs. The framework also can be broadly applied to additional fields, including other ‘-omics’ fields. We advocate for the creation of a Task Force on the Clinical Mendeliome , charged with defining Clinical Mendeliomes and drafting clinical guidelines for their use.
Cardiac calcified amorphous 'tumour': the CAT is on a broken line.

A 59-year-old asymptomatic man underwent an evaluation after a calcified right atrial (RA) mass was incidentally discovered on an abdominal CT scan ( Panel A ) that was performed for an unrelated indication. He was a smoker and had previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy and right hip replacement. Physical examination was unremarkable apart from a 2/6 systolic murmur at the …
Second-line therapy in colorectal cancer.

Second-line therapy is a relatively new concept for gastrointestinal oncologists. Although retreatment with fluorouracil