cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central and peripheral factors in fatigue

The causes of fatigue during muscular exercise include factors that reside in the brain (central mechanisms) as well as the muscles themselves (peripheral mechanisms). Central fatigue is largely unexplored, but there is increasing evidence that increased brain serotonin (5-HT) can lead to central (mental) fatigue, thereby causing a deterioration in sport and exercise performance. Although there are also strong theoretical grounds for a beneficial role of nutrition in delaying central fatigue, the data are much more tenuous. Dietary supplementation with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in low doses produces small and probably inconsequential effects on peripheral markers of brain 5-HT synthesis (plasma free tryptophan/BCAA), whereas larger doses are likely to be unpalatable, reduce the absorption of water in the gut, and may increase potentially toxic ammonia concentrations in the plasma. Alternatively, carbohydrate supplementation results in large reductions in plasma free tryptophan/BCAA and exercise time to fatigue is significantly longer, but it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of carbohydrate feedings on central fatigue mechanisms and the well-established beneficial effects of carbohydrate supplements on the contracting muscle. These data support the exciting possibility that relationships exist among nutrition, brain neurochemistry and sport performance. However, while the evidence is intriguing and makes good intuitive sense, our knowledge in this area is rudimentary at best.
Thinning and prescribed fire effects on overstory tree and snag structure in dry coniferous forests of the interior Pacific Northwest

Abstract Forest thinning and prescribed fires are practices used by managers to address concerns over ecosystem degradation and severe wildland fire potential in dry forests. There is some debate, however, about treatment effectiveness in meeting management objectives as well as their ecological consequences. The purpose of this study was to assess changes to forest stand structure following thinning and prescribed fire treatments, alone and combined, in the eastern Cascade Mountains of Washington State. Treatments were applied to 12 management units, with each treatment combination replicated three times (including untreated controls). Thinning modified forest structure by reducing overall tree density by >60% and canopy bulk density by 50%, and increased canopy base height by ∼4 m, thereby reducing susceptibility to crown fire. The prescribed fire treatment, conversely, did not appreciably reduce tree density or canopy fuel loading, but was effective at increasing the density of standing dead trees, particularly when combined with thinning (37 snags/ha increase). Prescribed fire effects were more pronounced when used in combination with thinning. Thinning was more reliable for altering stand structure, but spring burning was lower in intensity and coverage than desired and may have led to results that downplay the efficacy of fire to meet forest restoration goals.
Compact quasi-periodic and aperiodic TE/sub 0n/ mode converters in overmoded circular waveguides for use with gyrotrons

Designs of compact quasi-periodic and aperiodic TE/sub 0n/-TE/sub 0n-1/ circular waveguide converters for use with gyrotrons in an electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system are developed by analytically and numerically solving the coupled-mode differential equations. Quasi-periodic mode transducer designs which convert the TE/sub 02/ mode to the TE/sub 01/ mode, and in some cases also include a taper (waveguide radius reduction), are developed. A 60-GHz aperiodic mode converter-taper combines a 6.35-cm-2.779-cm waveguide diameter taper and a TE/sub 02/-TE/sub 01/ mode converter. A 140-GHz aperiodic mode converter-taper combines a 6.35-cm-2.779-cm waveguide diameter taper and a TE/sub 03/-TE/sub 02/-TE/sub 01/ mode converter. The resulting designs are highly efficient (conversion efficiencies >or=99.4%), are shorter, have a broader bandwidth than previous designs, and have a waveguide radius greater than or equal to 1.389 cm over the entire length of the transducer to allow for high-power transmission. Experimental results consistent with theoretical calculations are presented. >
Effects of spatial and temporal resolution of the turbulent inflow on wind turbine performance estimation

The effects of spatial and temporal resolution of wind inflows generated using large eddy simulations (LES) on the scales of turbulence present in the wind inflow, and the resulting changes in wind turbine performance were investigated for neutral atmospheric boundary layer conditions. Wind inflows with four different spatial resolutions and five different temporal resolutions were used to produce different turbine responses. An aero-elastic code assessed the dynamic response of two wind turbines to the different inflows. Auto-spectral density functions (ASDF) of turbine responses, such as blade deflection and bending moment, that are representative of the turbine response were used to assess the effect of the inflow. The results indicated that, as additional turbulence scales were resolved, the wind turbines showed a similar increased response that was evident in both the ASDF and variance of the different wind turbine performance parameters. As a result, the amount to which turbulence is resolved in the inflow, particularly using tools such as LES, will be important to consider when using these inflows for wind turbine design and performance prediction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ruthenium catalyzed polymerization of 4-acetylstilbenes and 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane

Successful dihydridocarbonyltris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium (Ru-complex) catalyzed polymerization of 4-acetylstilbene with 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane to yield poly(3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-4-oxa-3,5-disila-1,7-heptanylene-alt-4-acetyl-3,5-stilbenylene) is reported. Polymerization results from Ru-complex catalyzed activation of aromatic C-H bonds which are ortho to the acetyl for selective anti-Markovnikov addition across the terminal C-C double bonds of 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane. The internal C-C double bond of 4-acetylstilbene does not react.
Learning to Contract: Evidence from the Personal Computer Industry

Organizational forms involving more detailed contracts than are found in traditional spot market exchanges appear to be increasingly prevalent. There has been relatively little analysis, however, of the extent to which firms learn how to use contracts to manage their interfirm relationships over time. In this paper, we conduct a detailed case study of a time series of 11 contracts concluded during 1989-1997 between the same two partners, both of whom participate in the personal computer industry, to explore whether and how firms learn to contract. We find many changes to the structure of the contracts that cannot be fully explained by changes in the assets at risk in the relationship, and evidence that these changes are largely the result of processes in which the firms were learning how to work together, including learning how to contract with each other. The nature of this learning appears to have been quite incremental and local, that is, not very far sighted. We suggest how and when contracts might serve as repositories for knowledge about how to govern collaborations, and suggest some boundary conditions for this phenomenon. Our findings also provide implications for the debate about whether contracts have a positive or negative effect on interorganizational trust. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Rehydration of Frozen Boll Weevils1 to Provide a Supply of “Fresh” Weevils for Quality Control in Boll Weevil Eradication Programs

Abstract Field capture of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, in pheromone traps adjacent to fields of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., and along fence lines and roads is an important tool used by Boll Weevil Eradication Programs to monitor abundance of the insect pest. For quality control, previously collected and frozen boll weevils are marked with fingerprint powder. Program supervisors randomly spike boll weevil traps with marked boll weevils to monitor recovery by program trappers. One problem, however, is that dead boll weevils placed in traps desiccate rapidly, rendering them fragile and prone to breakage, which makes identification difficult. This study evaluated methods for marking and rehydrating desiccated boll weevils by measuring the length of time boll weevils remain pliable and intact. An alcohol-based hand sanitizer was used for rehydration, and three fluorescing markers were tested to determine the duration of boll weevil pliability and fluorescence. Boll weevils treated with hand san...
MODELING INVESTMENTS IN SEEDS, CLONAL OFFSPRING, AND TRANSLOCATION IN A CLONAL PLANT

Clonal plants that can switch facultatively between sexual and asexual re- production may respond plastically to the environment. We constructed a dynamic state variable model to examine how the measure of fitness, ramet and genet mortality, and the assimilation rates of a parent and its clonal offspring influence behavioral investments in ramet growth, clonal offspring, seeds, and continued resource translocation to clonal off- spring after establishment. The model leads to predictions that ramet and genet mortality rates and/or the fitness payoff from producing seeds must be high for seed production to capture a proportion of reproductive investments. If seed production occurs as a result of high ramet or genet mortality rates, then results indicate that it is better to produce seeds early in the season, regardless of ramet size. In contrast, if seed production is favored as a result of its large contribution to fitness, then it is predicted to depend on ramet size more than on time. While the total amount of biomass directed to reproduction is predicted to increase with a ramet's own productivity, the proportion of this biomass invested clonally or sexually depends on the resource environment encountered by that ramet's clonal offspring; more productive surroundings favor investment in clonal offspring that forage locally, reduce the risk of genet mortality, and increase the expectation for future seed production by the genet. The model we present also suggests that a higher rate of translocation to support clonal offspring benefits a genet when the parent and offspring ramets have contrasting produc- tivities. In addition, the model also leads to the predictions that translocation is more advantageous when the currency of fitness selects for increases in ramet size more than ramet number and when the probability of mortality is correlated among ramets.
Multilevel Sparse Grid Methods for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations with Random Coeffi cients

Stochastic sampling methods are arguably the most direct and least intrusive means of incorporating parametric uncertainty into numerical simulations of partial differential equations with random inputs. However, to achieve an overall error that is within a desired tolerance, a large number of sample simulations may be required (to control the sampling error), each of which may need to be run at high levels of spatial fidelity (to contro l the spatial error). Multilevel sampling methods aim to achieve the same accuracy as traditional sampling methods, but at a reduced computational cost, through the use of a hierarchy of spatial discretization models. Multilevel algorithms coordinate the number of samples needed at each discretization level by minimizing the computational cost, subject to a given error tolerance. They can be applied to a variety of sampling schemes, exploit nesting when available, can be implemented in parallel and can be used to inform adaptive spatial refinement strategies. We ex tend the multilevel sampling algorithm to sparse grid stochastic collocation methods, discu ss its numerical implementation and demonstrate its effi ciency both theoretically and by means of numerical examples.
The TMPRSS2:ERG fusion and response to androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.

Background In the United States, half of men with prostate cancer harbor the androgen-regulated gene fusion TMPRSS2:ERG. We hypothesized that men with TMPRSS2:ERG positive tumors are more responsive to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods We studied a cohort of 239 men with prostate cancer from the Physicians' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study who received ADT during their disease course. Fusion status was assessed on available tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry for ERG protein expression. We used Cox models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for assessment of prostate cancer-specific mortality after ADT initiation. Results Roughly half of the men had stage T3 or higher tumors at diagnosis and 39% had Gleason 8–10 tumors. During an average follow up of 10.2 years, 42 men died from prostate cancer. There was a non-significant inverse association between positive fusion status and time to death from prostate cancer after ADT (multivariable HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.40–1.45). Harboring the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion was associated with a statistically significant lower risk of prostate cancer mortality among men who were treated with orchiectomy (multivariable HR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.03–0.62), based on 15 events. Conclusions Our results, combined with those from earlier studies, provide suggestive evidence that men with TMPRSS2:ERG positive tumors may have longer prostate cancer survival after ADT. Larger cohorts are needed for more robust results and to assess whether men with tumors harboring the fusion benefit from treatment with ADT in the (neo) adjuvant or metastatic setting specifically. Prostate 75:897–906, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Influence of Major Life Cycle Events on Volunteering

Volunteering motivations and patterns change over the course of a person’s life cycle. This paper tests hypotheses about the relationship between volunteering and four specific life events—the birth of a child, divorce, widowhood, and the death of another household member. I find that having a child decreases a person’s likelihood of volunteering and hours spent in volunteer work. Divorced males were more likely to volunteer and to increase the number of hours volunteered when compared to divorced females. Divorcees with children are also more likely to volunteer and increase the number of hours spent volunteering. Thus, gender and the presence of children in the home are important pathways to volunteering for divorced individuals. Overall, being widowed decreases the likelihood of volunteering and volunteering hours, but older widows tend to increase their volunteering activities. Having another (non-spouse) member of the family pass away is not related to volunteering.
Corotating interaction regions and the 27 day variation of galactic cosmic rays intensity at 1 AU during the cycle 23/24 solar minimum

We investigate the formation and evolution of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the solar wind and their effects on galactic cosmic rays (GCR) during the recent solar cycle 23/24 solar minimum. The output from a three-dimensional MHD model serves as background for kinetic time-dependent simulations of GCR transport based on the Parker equation. The results show that the CIR forward/reverse shock pairs or compression/rarefaction regions play important roles in the transport of GCR particles and directly control the observed 27 day periodic intensity variations. We find that stream interfaces (SIs) in CIRs and the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) are both closely associated with the GCR depression onset, in agreement with the observations at 1 AU. The HCS is more important when its tilt angle becomes small during the declining phase of the solar minimum, while the passages of SIs control the onset of GCR depressions for larger HCS tilt angles. The mechanism of GCR intensity variation near 1 AU can be explained through an interplay between the effects of particle drift and diffusion. The simulated plasma background and GCR intensity are compared with the observations from spacecraft and a neutron monitor on the ground, to find good qualitative agreement. Evidently, CIRs had a substantial modulational effect on GCR during the recent solar minimum.
Invasion of Human Mucosal Epithelial Cells by Neisseria gonorrhoeae Upregulates Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1)

Infection of the mucosa by Neisseria gonorrhoeae involves adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells. Little is known, however, about the expression by mucosal epithelial cells of molecules that mediate cellular interactions between epithelial cells and neutrophils at the site of gonococcal infection. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by epithelial cells during the process of gonococcal invasion. The highly invasive strain FA1090 and the poorly invasive strain MS11 were incubated with human endometrial adenocarcinoma (HEC-1-B) or human cervical carcinoma (ME-180) epithelial cells, after which ICAM-1 expression was measured by flow cytometry. After 15 h of infection with FA1090, expression of ICAM-1 increased 4.7- and 2.1-fold for HEC-1-B and ME-180 cells, respectively, whereas 15 h of infection of HEC-1-B cells with MS11 increased ICAM-1 expression only 1.6-fold. ICAM-1 expression was restricted to the cell surface, since no soluble ICAM-1 was detected. The distribution of staining was heterogeneous and mimicked that seen after treatment of HEC-1-B cells with the ICAM-1 agonist tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the absence of bacteria. PCR and dot blot analyses of ICAM-1 mRNA showed no change in levels over time in response to infection. Although TNF-alpha was produced by HEC-1-B cells after infection, the extent of ICAM-1 upregulation was not affected by neutralizing anti-TNF-alpha antiserum. Dual-fluorescence flow cytometry showed that the cells with the highest levels of ICAM-1 expression were cells with associated gonococci. We conclude that epithelial cells upregulate the expression of ICAM-1 in response to infection with invasive gonococci. On the mucosa, upregulation of ICAM-1 by infected epithelial cells may function to maintain neutrophils at the site of infection, thereby reducing further invasion of the mucosa by gonococci.
Slot couplers for feeding branch waveguides of a planar slot array

The characteristics of centered-inclined, longitudinal/transverse, and compound slot couplers for slot array applications are studied. The variation of normalized resonant length as a function of slot offset and tilt is shown. Both mod S/sub 11/ mod at resonance and the phase of mod S/sub 31/ mod at resonance are shown as functions of offset and tilt. >
The Measurement of Economic Uncertainty in Public Water Resource Development

The existing benefit-cost criteria for evaluating water resource projects are deterministic and therefore incomplete, since the uncertainty inherent in project outcomes is not considered. A Monte-Carlo simulation approach is used to generate a mean and standard deviation for the benefits, costs, benefit-cost ratio, and net present value for the controversial Spewrell Bluff Project. Subjective estimates defining probability distributions of project benefits and costs were obtained from the Corps of Engineers. A project selection process that includes probability considerations in the benefit-cost criteria is recommended and several approaches for including uncertainty as a variable are suggested.
In Vivo Natural Killer Cell Depletion during Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Monkeys

The contribution of natural killer (NK) cells to the immune containment of human immunodeficiency virus infection remains undefined. To directly assess the role of NK cells in an AIDS animal model, we depleted rhesus monkeys of >88% of CD3− CD16+ CD159a+ NK cells at the time of primary simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection by using anti-CD16 antibody. During the first 11 days following SIV inoculation, when NK cell depletion was most profound, a trend toward higher levels of SIV replication was noted in NK cell-depleted monkeys compared to those in control monkeys. However, this treatment did not result in significant changes in the overall levels or kinetics of plasma viral RNA or affect the SIV-induced central memory CD4+ T-lymphocyte loss. These findings are consistent with a limited role for cytotoxic CD16+ NK cells in the control of primary SIV viremia.
Privacy Preserving Collaborative Social Network

There are many kinds of social networks in existence. To our best knowledge, there is no effort on how to construct a social network jointly from different parties. Thus, there is a need for a proper protocol to both make a collaborative social network feasible between different parties and ensure privacy. We propose a series of protocols to create and interact with a privacy preserving collaborative social networks and evaluate their potential. The protocols are implemented, tested and evaluated.
The Role of Enculturation and Acculturation on Latina College Student Distress

This study investigated the relationship of acculturation, enculturation, and White attitudinal marginalization with distress among 214 Latina college students. Results showed that 12% of the varia...
An alpha/beta-type, small, acid-soluble spore protein which has very high affinity for DNA prevents outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores.

A derivative of SspC, a minor α/β-type, small, acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) from Bacillus subtilis, was generated that has a very high affinity for DNA. This protein (SspCΔ11-D13K) was able to confer UV resistance on spores lacking α/β-type SASP, and spores with SspCΔ11-D13K triggered germination normally. However, SspCΔ11-D13K blocked outgrowth of ≥90% of germinated spores, and SspCΔ11-D13K persisted in these germinated spores, whereas wild-type SspC was almost completely degraded. The outgrowth phenotype of spores with SspCΔ11-D13K is proposed to be due to the high stability of the SspCΔ11-D13K-DNA complex, which prevents rapid degradation of this α/β-type SASP early in germination. The persistence of this protein on spore DNA then interferes with transcription during spore outgrowth.
Ex vivo culture of Fancc-/- stem/progenitor cells predisposes cells to undergo apoptosis, and surviving stem/progenitor cells display cytogenetic abnormalities and an increased risk of malignancy

Current strategies for genetic therapy using Moloney retroviruses require ex vivo manipulation of hematopoietic cells to facilitate stable integration of the transgene. While many studies have evaluated the impact of ex vivo culture on normal murine and human stem/progenitor cells, the cellular consequences of ex vivo manipulation of stem cells with intrinsic defects in genome stability are incompletely understood. Here we show that ex vivo culture of Fancc-/- bone marrow cells results in a time-dependent increase in apoptosis of primitive Fancc-/- progenitor cells in conditions that promote the proliferation of wild-type stem/progenitor cells. Further, recipients reconstituted with the surviving Fancc-/- cells have a high incidence of cytogenetic abnormalities and myeloid malignancies that are associated with an acquired resistance to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Collectively, these data indicate that the intrinsic defects in the genomic stability of Fancc-/- stem/progenitor cells provide a selective pressure for cells that are resistant to apoptosis and have a propensity for the evolution to clonal hematopoiesis and malignancy. These studies could have implications for the design of genetic therapies for treatment of Fanconi anemia and potentially other genetic diseases with intrinsic defects in genome stability.
Exploitation in biomedical research.

This essay analyzesexploitation in biomedical research in terms ofthree basic elements: harm, disrespect, orinjustice. There are also degrees ofexploitation, ranging from highly exploitationto minimally exploitation. Althoughexploitation is prima facie wrongful,some exploitative research studies are morallyjustified, all things considered. The reasonan exploitative study can still be ethical isthat other moral considerations, such as theautonomy of the research subject or the socialbenefits of research, may sometimes justifystudies that are minimally exploitative. Calling a research project exploitative doesnot end the debate about the merits of thestudy but invites one to ask additionalquestions about how the study is exploitative,and whether the study is justifiablenevertheless.
What Is Infant and Early Childhood Neuropsychology

Over the last several decades clinicians and researchers have experienced increased involvement in neurobehavioral assessment of infants and young children. The boundaries between neurology, developmental psychology, occupational/physical therapy, and pediatric/child clinical psychology are not clearly defined; however, it appears that all of these areas offer unique aspects to the neurodevelopmental/neuropsychological evaluation of infants and young children. The resultant hybrid combination of these disciplines could best be termed infant and early childhood neuropsychology.
A retrospective cohort study of factors relating to the longitudinal change in birth weight

Recent reports have shown a decrease in birth weight, a change from prior steady increases. Therefore we sought to describe the demographic and anthropometric changes in singleton term fetal growth. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of term singleton deliveries (37–42 weeks) from January 1, 1995 to January 1, 2010 at a single tertiary obstetric unit. We included all 43,217 neonates from term, singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies. Data were grouped into five 3-year intervals. Mean and median birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), and Ponderal Index (PI) were estimated by year, race and gestational age. Our primary outcome was change in BW over time. The secondary outcomes were changes in BL and PI over time. Mean and median BW decreased by 72 and 70 g respectively (p < 0.0001) over the 15 year period while BL also significantly decreased by 1.0 cm (P < 0.001). This contributed to an increase in the neonatal PI by 0.11 kg/m3 (P < 0.001). Mean gestational age at delivery decreased while maternal BMI at delivery, hypertension, diabetes, and African American race increased. Adjusting for gestational age, race, infant sex, maternal BMI, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and parity, year of birth contributed 0.1 % to the variance (−1.7 g/year; 26 g) of BW, 1.8 % (−0.06 cm/year; 0.9 cm) of BL, and 0.7 % (+0.008 kg/m3/year; 0.12 kg/m3) of PI. These findings were independent of the proportional change in race or gestational age. We observed a crude decrease in mean BW of 72 g and BL of 1 cm over 15 years. Furthermore, once controlling for gestational age, race, infant sex, maternal BMI, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and parity, we identified that increasing year of birth was associated with a decrease in BW of 1.7 g/year. The significant increase in PI, despite the decrease in BW emphasizes the limitation of using birth weight alone to define changes in fetal growth.
Semantic Parsing Freebase: Towards Open-domain Semantic Parsing

Existing semantic parsing research has steadily improved accuracy on a few domains and their corresponding databases. This paper introduces FreeParser, a system that trains on one domain and one set of predicate and constant symbols, and then can parse sentences for any new domain, including sentences that refer to symbols never seen during training. FreeParser uses a domain-independent architecture to automatically identify sentences relevant to each new database symbol, which it uses to supplement its manually-annotated training data from the training domain. In cross-domain experiments involving 23 domains, FreeParser can parse sentences for which it has seen comparable unannotated sentences with an F1 of 0.71.
Effects of a four-week training program on certain physical fitness components of conditioned male university students.

Abstract The effects of a 4-week training program on changes in body girth, subcutaneous tissue, muscular strength and endurance, and cardiovascular fitness of physically conditioned young men were investigated. Seventeen members of a karate class from the University of Minnesota were randomly assigned to an experimental group (N = 11) and a control group (N = 6). The experimental group did heavy resistive isotonic exercises (10-RM) geared for total body participation. The experimental group exercised for 20 min. three times per week in addition to participation in a karate class. The control group participated in karate class only. The experimental group decreased in all skinfold measurements and increased in all girth measurements except the waist girth. The control group displayed marked differences in the triceps skinfold (decreases) and the waist girth (increase) measurements. The experimental group significantly improved on the physical fitness index while the control group did not improve. Both gro...
Iron(II) and ruthenium(II) complexes containing P, N, and H ligands: structure, spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and reactivity.

The purpose of this work was to explore the possibility of using iron(II) hydrides in CO2 reduction and to compare their reactivity to that of their ruthenium analogues. Fe(bpy)(P(OEt)3)3H+ and Ru(bpy)(P(OEt)3)3H+ do not react with CO2 in acetonitrile, but the one-electron-reduction products of Ru(bpy)(P(OEt)3)3H+ and Ru(bpy)2(P(OEt)3)H+ and the two-electron-reduction product of Fe(bpy)(P(OEt)3)3H+ do. Ru(bpy)2(P(OEt)3)H+ also reacts slowly with CO2 to give a formate complex [as reported previously by Albertin et al. (Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 1336)] with a second-order rate constant of ∼4 × 10−3 M−1 s−1 in methanol. The structures for the hydride complexes [Fe(bpy)(P(OEt)3)3H]+ and [Ru(bpy)2(P(OEt)3)H]+ and for the (η5-Cp)bis- and -tris-PTA complexes (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphatricyclo[3.3.1.13.7]decane) of iron(II) are reported. These and the CpFe(CO)(bpy)+ and FeIIPNNP compounds have been subjected to electrochemical and UV−vis spectroscopic characterization. Fe(bpy)(P(OEt)3)3H+ exhibits a quasi-reversi...
Intraplant Distribution and Sampling of Spider Mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Cantaloupe

Intraplant distribution of all life stages of twospotted spider mite (TSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, on cantaloupe was determined. Counts of adult females were used to estimate total population size. Significantly more adult females were present on the primary branch, indicating that this branch was optimal for use in a sampling scheme. Temporal changes in mite distribution on the primary branch indicated that plant phenology was an important factor to consider in developing a sampling strategy. Optimally, adult female TSM were counted on three consecutive leaves of the primary branch. Location of these leaves on the branch varied with plant growth stage.
A Splicing Defect in the Mouse Transferrin Gene Leads to Congenital Atransferrinemia

We have analyzed the biochemical defect in a mutant line of mice that produces less than 1% of the normal level of serum transferrin. This mouse line (Hp) transcribes the transferrin gene in liver at the same rate observed in normal mice, but the steady state levels of transferrin mRNA sequences are less than 20% of normal. Further hybridization studies reveal that most of the transferrin mRNA sequences present in homozygous Hp mouse liver are in the form of a 5 kb nuclear precursor instead of the mature 2.5 kb transferrin mRNA seen in normal mice. Using several different exon and intron probes from the mouse transferrin gene, we have shown that the 5 kb RNA precursor retains the last two introns of the transferrin gene but that the 5' and middle introns have been removed by processing. The defect in transferrin mRNA processing also extends to nonhepatic tissues and we find the same lack of mature mRNA and increased precursor accumulation in brain RNA. Since Southern blot analysis does not reveal gross changes in the structure of the transferrin gene in Hp mice, we suggest that the Hp defect is due to a small deletion or point mutation that either disrupts splicing signals or uncovers cryptic splice signals that interfere with processing of the last two introns in the transferrin gene. This Hp mouse line provides an opportunity to study the effects of transferrin deficiency on development and iron homeostasis.
The Wakeup Call: 2AM Trauma

The case discusses the pharmacodynamic interaction between s-blockers and cocaine. s-blockade of cocaine-induced tachycardia can lead to unopposed action at the α-receptor and myocardial ischemia.
Inputs to prefrontal cortex support visual recognition in the aging brain

Predictive coding models of brain function propose that top-down cortical signals promote efficient neural codes by carrying predictions of upcoming sensory events. We hypothesized that older brains would employ these codes more prominently given their longer repertoire of sensory experience. We measured the connectivity underlying stimulus-evoked responses in cortical visual networks using electroencephalography and dynamic causal modeling and found that in young adults with reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision, signals propagated from early visual regions and reverberated along reciprocal connections to temporal, parietal and frontal cortices, while in contrast, the network was driven by both early visual and prefrontal inputs in older adults with reported normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Previously thought of as exceptions to the rule of bottom-up signal propagation, our results demonstrate a prominent role for prefrontal inputs in driving vision in aged brains in line with lifespan-dependent predictive neural codes.
The Impact of APIs in Firm Performance

Using proprietary information from a significant percentage of the API-tool provision and API-management industry, we explore the impact of API adoption on firm performance. We use a difference in difference approach centered on the date of first use to show that API adoption leads to increased profitability in the short and long run. APIs vary in their business function, and we find that B2B, B2C, and Internal API calls are heterogeneous in their association with outcomes. For a firm of 13,500 employees, our preferred specification implies API adoption increases yearly net income by more that $250,000. We also find evidence that having an open developer portal further enhances the gains from API adoption.
Variation of rayleigh-wave amplitude with distance

abstract Amplitudes of surface waves of both explosions and earthquakes are investigated as a function of distance (0-4000 km). Disagreements with the generally accepted law of amplitude versus distance are noted and discussed.
Impact of Methodologic Differences in Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Measurements of the Aortic Annulus Compared with Computed Tomographic Angiography Before Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Background Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiographic (3DE) imaging is an alternative to multi–detector row computed tomography (MDCT) for aortic annular measurement before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). A commonly used direct planimetry from a reconstructed short-axis view has not been compared with semiautomated 3DE methods. Typically accepted optimal cutoffs for percent prosthesis-area oversizing of the balloon-expandable SAPIEN or SAPIEN XT valve to native annular size are approximately 5% to 15%. The aim of this study was to compare semiautomated and direct planimetric 3DE methods for aortic annular sizing with a gold standard of MDCT to determine predictive value for paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) and balloon postdilatation. Methods In this retrospective analysis, aortic annular cross-sectional area was measured from pre-TAVR imaging using (1) MDCT (CT_Area), (2) a 3D transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) semiautomated method (3DE_Area_SA), and (3) a 3D TEE direct planimetric method (3DE_Area_Direct). Annular area percent oversizing was calculated. PVR after TAVR was assessed from intraoperative TEE imaging. Need for balloon postdilatation was recorded. Results One hundred patients who underwent TAVR with either the SAPIEN or SAPIEN XT balloon-expandable prosthesis were analyzed. Twenty-three patients had mild or greater PVR after TAVR. CT_Area was 442 ± 79 mm 2 , 3DE_Area_SA was 435 ± 81 mm 2 , and 3DE_Area_Direct was 429 ± 82 mm 2 . Both 3DE_Area_SA and 3DE_Area_Direct underestimated MDCT ( P R = 0.88–0.93, P Conclusions Caution must be used when using 3D TEE direct planimetry of the aortic annulus, as optimal percent oversizing ranges approach the level associated with root injury, and measurements are less reproducible. Therefore, semiautomated 3DE planimetry is preferred to 3DE direct planimetry for aortic annulus sizing.
Chromatographic studies of drug interactions with alpha1-acid glycoprotein by ultrafast affinity extraction and peak profiling.

Abstract Interactions with serum proteins such as alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) can have a significant effect on the behavior and pharmacokinetics of drugs. Ultrafast affinity extraction and peak profiling were used with AGP microcolumns to examine these processes for several model drugs (i.e., chlorpromazine, disopyramide, imipramine, lidocaine, propranolol and verapamil). The association equilibrium constants measured for these drugs with soluble AGP by ultrafast affinity extraction were in the general range of 104–106 M−1 at pH 7.4 and 37 °C and gave good agreement with literature values. Some of these values were dependent on the relative drug and protein concentrations that were present when using a single-site binding model; these results suggested a more complex mixed-mode interaction was actually present, which was also then used to analyze the data. The apparent dissociation rate constants that were obtained by ultrafast affinity extraction when using a single-site model varied from 0.14 to 7.0 s−1 and were dependent on the relative drug and protein concentrations. Lower apparent dissociation rate constants were obtained by this approach as the relative amount of drug versus protein was decreased, with the results approaching those measured by peak profiling at low drug concentrations. This information should be useful in better understanding how these and other drugs interact with AGP in the circulation. In addition, the chromatographic approaches that were optimized and used in this report to examine these systems can be adapted for the analysis of other solute-protein interactions of biomedical interest.
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT imaging for predicting treatment response in patients with advanced melanoma treated with anti-PD1 immunotherapy.

3084 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically altered the landscape of melanoma therapeutics over the past few years. Anti-PD1 therapy has been reported to produce durable tumor regression in phase 1 trials. Development of biomarkers to evaluate treatment response are pivotal for optimizing individual therapy. We aim to evaluate whether pretreatment 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging can be a predictor of tumor response or disease progression in patients on anti-PD1 therapy as a marker of tumoral increased glucose utilization rate. Methods: Twenty-three patients (15 males) with BRAF wild type mutation advanced melanoma who failed prior treatment with antineoplastic regimens and started therapy with MK-3475 alone were included in the study. Standard of care whole-body FDG PET/CT imaging was performed at baseline before the anti-PD1 therapy was initiated (10 ± 5 days interval time between FDG PET/CT imaging and therapy start date). FDG uptake was semi-quantitatively measured by ma...
Abstract 319: Adrenergic Hormones Regulate Cardiac Metabolic Health During Embryogenesis

The adrenergic hormones, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI), are critically important during embryogenesis and cardiovascular development, yet their specific mechanisms of action remain mysterious. Disruption of the dopamine β-hydroxylase (Dbh) gene results in an inability to produce NE and EPI, which leads to death in utero between embryonic days 10.5 (E10.5) and E15.5 from apparent heart failure. To determine genes differentially expressed by the loss of adrenergic hormones, Affymetrix® GeneChip microarray analysis revealed 23 genes (of the 22,000 analyzed) that are significantly altered 2-fold or greater in E10.5 Dbh -/- hearts. Of these altered genes, 31% (7 of 23) are linked to metabolic regulation. The gene encoding for NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, Ndufb2 , for example, is a subunit of the mitochondrial complex 1, and displayed a 2.1-fold change in Dbh -/- embryonic hearts. This led us to investigate the metabolic health of these Dbh -/- embryos. Initially, we measured adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) levels in E9.5, E10.5, and E11.5 embryos from Dbh -/-, Dbh+/- , and Dbh+/+ mice. At E9.5, ATP concentrations were similar in Dbh -/-, Dbh+/- , and Dbh+/+ embryos ( p >0.7, n=6), but began to decline in the Dbh -/- embryos at E10.5 compared to Dbh+/- and Dbh+/+ embryos ( p <0.02, n=5). By E11.5, ATP concentrations were markedly decreased in Dbh -/- embryos, while ADP levels were increased 5-fold relative to Dbh+/+ controls. This resulted in a significant ( p <0.01, n=4) and drastic (nearly 50-fold) difference in ATP/ADP ratio (0.4 ± 0.1) in Dbh -/- compared with Dbh+/+ control embryos (20.7 ± 4.1) at E11.5. Despite this dramatic difference in energy levels, all embryos appeared grossly normal, had similar heart rates, and displayed no significant differences in caspase 3 or 7 cleavage activity. Thus, the energy deficiency observed in Dbh-/- embryos did not appear to be associated with preceding signs of distress or demise. These results suggest that adrenergic hormones play an important role in regulating energy production during a critical phase of early development that roughly coincides with the transition from embryonic to fetal stages when increased energy utilization is needed.
The Complete Length Twelve Parametrized Wavelets

In this paper, a complete parametrization of the length twelve wavelets is given for the dilation coefficients of the trigonometric polynomials, \(m(\omega )\), that satisfy the necessary conditions for orthogonality, that is \(m(0)=\sqrt{2}\) and \(|m(\omega )|^2+|m(\omega +\pi )|^2=2\). This parametrization has five free parameters and has a simple compatibility with the shorter length parametrizations for some specific choices of the free parameters. These wavelets have varying numbers of vanishing moments and regularity, but continuously transform from one to the other with the perturbation of the free parameters. Finally, we graph some example scaling functions from the parametrization which includes the standard Daubechies wavelets and some new wavelets that perform better than the CDF biorthogonal 9/7 wavelet in an image compression experiment on some fingerprint images.
Barriers to online patient portal adoption among adult oncology patients.

44Background: Recent research shows tele-health and remote access technology enhances patient-provider communication. Among oncology patients, studies demonstrate that electronic access promotes im...
Moving Toward More Conclusive Measures of Sociocultural Adaptation for Ethnically Diverse Adolescents in England

This study is part of a larger initiative toward understanding the acculturation of immigrant adolescents using the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England 2004-2010 database. A necessary ste...
2017 National Magnet Nurses of the Year

The Magnet Recognition Program® recognizes healthcare organizations for quality patient care, nursing excellence, and innovations in professional nursing practice. Consumers rely on the Magnet designation as the ultimate credential for high-quality nursing. The ANCC National Magnet Nurse of the Year® awards were created in 2010 to recognize the outstanding contributions of clinical nurses for innovation, consultation, leadership, and professional risk taking.
Psychiater als Flüchtlinge in Palästina (1933 bis 1945)

Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Migration der judischen deutschen Psychiater aus Nazi-Deutschland nach Palastina in den 1930er Jahren. Er konzentriert sich auf ihren speziellen Anpassungsprozess als Einwanderer, die aus einer anderen Kultur als dem in Palastina dominierenden osteuropaischen sozialistischen Zionismus stammten, und ebenfalls als professionelle Gruppe, die zu einer marginalisierten Disziplin gehorte.
Using Renewal Processes to Generate Long-Range Dependence and High Variability

We explore here three types of convergence theorems involving the normalized partial sums of two random processes W = W(t) and V = V(t) indexed by the integers t = ...,−1, 0.1,... . W(t) is a stationary renewal reward process with large inter-renewal intervals, while V(t) is a non-stationary process that takes the value zero except at some rare instants t where it achieves extremely high values.
Questioning teacher goals in professional development: do goals really make a difference?

This study reports empirical evidence on a common principle of effective professional development dealing with teachers' involvement in their own learning. The data used were collected during a five-day mathematics institute involving 51 teachers in grades three through eight. Questions of how participants' goals influence their satisfaction, perceptions, and learning were examined. Surprisingly, the alignment of the participants' goals with the institute's goals did not effect satisfaction, perceptions, or learning.
Electrokinetic Extraction of Metals from Soils

Removal of metals from soils presents a different challenge than their removal from waters. In particular, in certain locations it is advantageous to carry out the in situ remediation of soils without having to excavate and remove them for off-site cleansing. As discussed in chapter 3, this situation is particularly important if the soil is covered by buildings or trees that need to be retained in an undamaged state. The analytical challenges can also be problematic, yet before a strategy for metal removal is decided upon, it is important that the amounts and distributions of the metals be precisely known. Because the metals are strongly occluded into the zeolite soil structure they are difficult to release for accurate assays, therefore an in situ method must be used. If the metals are present in moderate to high quantities an electrokinetic approach may be the method of choice.
Correlations between Structure and Reactivity of Amadori Compounds: the Reactivity of Acyclic Forms

Summary Several Amadori compounds were prepared and solution (NMR) and, in some cases, solid-state structures (X-ray) were determined. Several of the compounds studied contain sugar units which exist predominantly in acyclic forms. Such compounds were used as model Amadori compounds and rates of reactivity with respect to C(1)H2 proton exchange, the ability to generate oxygen free radicals, and the type of dicarbonyl intermediates produced were evaluated. The results of the experiments enable direct, although qualitative, correlations to be made between the population of acyclic forms in solutions of Amadori compounds, the rates of their reversible enolization, and their reactivity in redox and degradation reactions.
History and Development of Cultural Competence Evaluation in Applied Psychology

Historically, the critical evaluation of the cultural competence construct is a movement that parallels its development. A number of critics have described numerous shortcomings of cultural competence theory and advocacy that are so fundamental as to cast serious doubts on its construct validity. The chapter highlights and summarizes criticisms that originate from semantic, logical/conceptual, empirical, philosophical, pedagogical, and best practices perspectives.