cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Capturing and cultivating single bacterial cells in gel microdroplets to obtain near-complete genomes

Assembling a complete genome from a single bacterial cell, termed single-cell genomics, is challenging with current technologies. Recovery rates of complete genomes from fragmented assemblies of single-cell templates significantly vary. Although increasing the amount of genomic template material by standard cultivation improves recovery, most bacteria are unfortunately not amenable to traditional cultivation, possibly owing to the lack of unidentified, yet necessary, growth signals and/or specific symbiotic influences. To overcome this limitation, we adopted and modified the method of cocultivation of single-captured bacterial cells in gel microdroplets (GMDs) to improve full genomic sequence recovery. By completing multiple genomes of two novel species derived from single cells, we demonstrated its efficacy on diverse bacterial species using human oral and gut microbiome samples. Here we describe a detailed protocol for capturing single bacterial cells, cocultivating them in medium and isolating microcolonies in GMDs with flow cytometry. Beginning with preliminary studies, obtaining GMDs with single microcolonies for whole-genome amplification may take ∼4 weeks.
Minimizing Errors Associated with Multiplate Radiation Shields

Abstract Multiplate radiation shield errors are examined using the following techniques: 1) ray tracing analysis, 2) wind tunnel experiments, 3) numerical flow simulations, and 4) field testing. The authors’ objectives are to develop guidelines for radiation shield and temperature sensor design, to build an improved shield, and to determine factors that influence radiational heating errors. Guidelines for reducing radiational heating errors are given that are based on knowledge of the temperature sensor to be used, with the shield chosen to match the sensor design. A new class of shield called a part-time aspirated multiplate radiation shield is introduced. This type of shield consists of a multiplate design usually operated in a passive manner but equipped with fan-forced aspiration capability to be used when necessary (e.g., low wind speed). A prototype shield reduced radiational heating errors from 2° to 1.2°C. In addition, nighttime low wind speed errors were reduced from 1.6° to 0.3°C. Existing passi...
Abstract 134: Myeloid Disabled Homolog 2 (Dab2) Controls Liver Inflammation and Atherosclerosis

Inflammatory (M1) macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the intracellular mediators of macrophage polarization are not fully understood. We identified the adaptor protein disabled homolog 2 (Dab2) as a novel regulator of phenotypic switching in macrophages. Dab2 expression is upregulated in M2 and suppressed in M1 macrophages. Dab2 in macrophages dampens NF-κB signaling by binding to TRAF6. Genetic deletion of Dab2 predisposes macrophages to adopt a proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of Dab2 (Dab2fl/flLysMCre mice) show increased inflammation upon challenge with lipopolysaccharide. To test the role of myeloid Dab2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis we performed a bone marrow transplant of WT and Dab2 null bone marrow into LDLR-/- mice followed by western diet feeding for 9 or 20 weeks. Surprisingly, after 20 weeks of western diet feeding, Dab2-null chimeric mice had decreased lesion area by en face analysis of aortic arches and a tre...
Atropine: Animal models

Bradyarrhythmias, with or without hypotension, may be associated with acute myocardial infarction, especially inferior. The early use of atropine in the management of sinus bradycardia, with associated hypotension, spurred a continuing controversy that has found only partial solution in animal models. Experimentally there is increased sensory and autonomic motor activity with acute coronary occlusion. For example, in the cat, increased cholinergic activity was evidenced by the absence of bradycardia with atropinization and vagotomy, although these pretreatments accelerated the onset of significant ventricular arrhythmias. Atropine in experimentally infarcted dogs increased ischemia, while elevated heart rates reduced the threshold for ventricular fibrillation (VF) and vagal stimulation increased the threshold for VF, largely independent of heart rate. Specific clinical studies failed to support much of the animal data, although reports of tachyarrhythmias and VF resulting from the administration of atropine extended the controversy. The animal models, in the main, failed to mimic the clinical situation, for: 1) pentobarbital, with its propensity to alter some autonomic reflexes, dominated earlier work; 2) relatively large doses of atropine were employed; 3) the animals were presumed to be free of coronary and cardiac disease, factors known to influence autonomic reflexes; and 4) vagotomy and atropinization commonly preceded the acute occlusion.
How to Use this Book

All of these examination papers have been used in the Bloomsbury MRCP Part I Course which we organise. The passmark given for each paper (with each answer sheet) gives only an arbitrary guide to the performance of previous candidates who have been successful in the membership.
C-log domain filters

The idea of using FET, especially CMOS, circuitry to implement circuits similar to log domain filters is explored. Using ideas similar to those employed in the creation of log domain filters, an approximation leads to the development of "C-log domain" filters. The synthesis of such filters is explored and two design examples are given.
Role of diameter differences among follicles in selection of a future dominant follicle in mares.

Follicles > or = 5 mm were ablated in pony mares by a transvaginal ultrasound-guided technique on Day 10 (ovulation = Day 0). Follicle emergence (at 15 mm, experiment 1; at 6 mm, experiment 2) and development of the new wave was monitored by transrectal ultrasound. Deviation was defined as the beginning of a marked difference in growth rates between the two largest follicles. In experiment 1, mares were grouped (n = 4 per group) into controls, ablation-controls (ablations at Day 10 only), and a two-follicle model (periodic ablation sessions so that only the two largest follicles developed). There were no significant indications that the two-follicle model altered follicle diameters, growth rates, or time intervals of the two retained follicles at or between events (follicle emergence, deviation, and ovulation). In experiment 2, the two-follicle model (n = 14) was used for follicle and hormonal characterization and hypothesis testing, without the tedious and error-prone necessity for tracking many (e.g., 20) individual follicles. The future dominant follicle emerged a mean of 1 day earlier (p < 0.008) than the future subordinate follicle, the growth rates for the two follicles between emergence and deviation (6 days later) did not differ, and the dominant follicle was larger at the beginning of deviation (23.1 +/- 0.8 mm versus 19.6 +/- 0.9 mm; p < 0.0001). Mean FSH and LH concentrations increased (p < 0.05) concomitantly from emergence of the future dominant follicle and peaked 3 days later when the follicle was a mean of 13 mm. Thereafter, the two hormones disassociated until ovulation: FSH decreased and LH increased. Results supported the hypothesis that the future dominant follicle has an early size advantage over future subordinate follicles and indicated that the advantage was present as early as 6 days before deviation.
Seasonal abundance, species composition, and population dynamics of stink bugs in production fields of early and late soybean in South Arkansas.

ABSTRACT From 2003 through 2007, densities of stink bugs were monitored weekly in 297 commercial production fields of early and late soybean, Glycine max L. Merrill, in southeast and southwest Arkansas. The goal of this research was to better understand seasonal abundance, species composition, and population dynamics of pentatomids as a benchmark reference for future management systems. Thirty-five percent of all the 25-sweep samples taken in soybean contained at least one stink bug specimen. The average density (mean ± SEM) of stink bugs across all soybean samples was 1.84 ± 0.06 per 25 sweeps. Overall, Nezara viridula L. was the most abundant species, although Euschistus servus (Say) was frequently found in soybean samples (18% of all samples). Peak densities of stink bugs in soybean were observed during the full-pod (R7) developmental stage. Approximately 25% of all soybean fields sampled had threshold densities (nine or more per 25 sweeps) at some time during the year, although 82 and 78% of fields in...
In the Islands of the Sea: Geography in the Religious History of the Jews of Britain

Britain’s Jewish community has experienced a unique religious history. This can only be explained by several factors, but one of those is Britain’s unusual geographical circumstances. It is a long, narrow island just a few miles off the coast of North Western Europe. It has long enjoyed intimate connections to the European mainland without ever being quite part of it. In the case of Anglo-Jewry this has led to a double disadvantage. It was neither part of the vigorous intellectual mainstream nor was it so detached that it was forced to rely on its own resources. Instead it was left semi-dependent, which inhibited exciting local religious developments. This seems to have been the case in both the medieval period, between Jewish settlement in the 1060s and expulsion in 1290, and again since the return of an open Jewish community in the seventeenth century. The location of London in the South East of Britain fostered a particular relationship between the capital and the provinces. Regional communities could establish their own religious identities, leading to friction as central authorities attempted to assert control. The leaders of London Jewry were also involved with overseas communities. Britain was a maritime power and developed a maritime empire. Communities in the British style, with all its idiosyncrasies, were planted around the world. This article analyses these impacts of geography on British Jewish religious life, and places them in a theoretical context using scholarship on the role of its island status in moulding British history.
Brazilian adult individuals with untreated isolated GH deficiency do not have accelerated subclinical atherosclerosis

GH and its principal mediator IGF1 have important effects on metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) status. While acquired GH deficiency (GHD) is often associated with increased CV risk, the consequences of congenital GHD are not known. We have described a large group of patients with isolated GHD (IGHD) due to a homozygous mutation (c.57+1G>A) in the GH releasing hormone receptor gene, and shown that adult GH-naive individuals have no evidence of clinically evident premature atherosclerosis. To test whether subclinical atherosclerosis is anticipated in untreated IGHD, we performed a cross-sectional study of 25 IGHD and 27 adult controls matched for age and gender. A comprehensive clinical and biochemical panel and coronary artery calcium scores were evaluated by multi-detector tomography. Height, weight, IGF1, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, creatinine and creatininekinase were lower in the IGHD group. Median and interquartile range of calcium scores distribution was similar in the two groups: IGHD 0(0) and control 0(4.9). The vast majority of the calcium scores (20 of 25 IGHD (80%) and 18 of 27 controls (66.6%)) were equal to zero (difference not significant). There was no difference in the calcium scores classification. None of IGHD subjects had minimal calcification, which were present in four controls. Three IGHD and four controls had mild calcification. There were two IGHD individuals with moderate calcification and one control with severe calcification. Our study provides evidence that subjects with congenital isolated lifetime and untreated severe IGHD do not have accelerated subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Uncertainty of Oil Field GHG Emissions Resulting from Information Gaps: A Monte Carlo Approach

Regulations on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from liquid fuel production generally work with incomplete data about oil production operations. We study the effect of incomplete information on estimates of GHG emissions from oil production operations. Data from California oil fields are used to generate probability distributions for eight oil field parameters previously found to affect GHG emissions. We use Monte Carlo (MC) analysis on three example oil fields to assess the change in uncertainty associated with learning of information. Single factor uncertainties are most sensitive to ignorance about water–oil ratio (WOR) and steam–oil ratio (SOR), resulting in distributions with coefficients of variation (CV) of 0.1–0.9 and 0.5, respectively. Using a combinatorial uncertainty analysis, we find that only a small number of variables need to be learned to greatly improve on the accuracy of MC mean. At most, three pieces of data are required to reduce bias in MC mean to less than 5% (absolute). However, the p...
The surface ultrastructure of urinary casts.

A method for the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study of elements contained in the urinary sediment is described. Abnormal urinary sediments were obtained from patients having a wide variety of intrinsic renal diseases as well as from “normals.” The sediments were initially observed using ordinary light, phase and interference microscopy. For study using the scanning electron microscope they were then filtered through a membrane filter and fixed with cold phosphate-buffered 3.5 glutaraldehyde. The filters containing urinary sediment were washed, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated and critical-point dried using carbon dioxide, then mounted and sputter-coated with gold–palladium for study using scanning electron microscopy. Preliminary data have indicated numerous, previously undescribed, ultramicroscopic peculiarities of cast structure. A basic and fundamental structure was found to be common to all casts studied, and consisted of a fibrillar protein meshwork. Hyaline casts were composed entirely of this complex proteinaceous material. The same structural material was present in cellular and waxy casts. Blood and epithelial cells were found to be closely adherent to the fibrillar cast matrix in cellular casts. In many instances they were attached by means of encompassing fibrils, in contrast to the time-honored theory of their incorporation within the matrix during cast formation.
The Variability of Aphis Gossypii.

Because of confusion in economic literature and in collections, concerning the identity of Aphis gossypii , it is desirable to know the range of variation in this species, especially with reference to such external structures as may be considered of value as “key characters.”
How to Be a Successful Graduate Student

Earning a PhD is an exciting but arduous process, marked by an attrition rate of about 50%. In this context, we provide advice—10 lessons—on how students can not only survive but also thrive in gra...
Psychotherapy Groups of Insufficient Size

(1981). Psychotherapy Groups of Insufficient Size. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 73-81.
The Effect of Raveron on the Detrusor Muscle

Raveron (a European pharmaceutical consisting of swine prostate extract and m-creosal) was studied in vivo in female mongrel dogs and in vitro bladder studies were conducted on male New Zealand rabbits. Intravenous administration of raveron reduced both the passive and active pressure in dog detrusor in vivo. It did not act in a dose dependent fashion. Chronic treatment with raveron for three to four months caused changes in in rabbits with vesical neck obstruction. An increase in contractility along with a reduced rate of increase in passive force (measurement of bladder stiffness) was observed in relation to obstructed rabbits without treatment. Parallel morphological changes were also observed in this group, consisting of increased muscular hypertrophy, decreased bladder wall thickness and reduced collagen content (readings taken from Masson-Trichrome sections). No influence was observed with bladder specimens from rabbits with six to eight week vesical obstruction or normals that received treatment. In vitro dose response studies showed that a 3.3% dose of raveron significantly reduced passive force in two groups (treated normals and treated rabbits with six to eight week vesical obstruction). Pharmacology studies with potassium chloride and acetylcholine suggest that raveron acts as a calcium antagonist by blocking the influx of extracellular calcium.
Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality of Coyotes on a Large Military Installation

Abstract Canis latrans (Coyote) recently expanded into the southeastern United States, creating ecologically novel interactions with other species. However, relatively few studies have examined vital rates of southeastern Coyotes or estimated vital rates where individuals are protected from hunting and trapping. In 2011, we captured and attached GPS radiocollars to 31 Coyotes at Fort Bragg Military Installation, NC, where Coyote harvest was restricted. We used a 12-month period (February 2011–January 2012) and known-fate modeling in Program MARK to estimate annual survival. Model-selection results indicated the time-varying model (S[t]) was the most parsimonious model, and. annual survival was 0.80 (95% CI = 0.60–0.91). We documented 7 mortalities, including 2 from vehicles, 2 from offsite trapping, and 3 from unknown causes. Estimated Coyote survival rates at Fort Bragg were similar to most other estimates from the southeastern US. Anthropogenic causes of mortality were important even though hunting and ...
Culture and biology interplay: An introduction.

OBJECTIVE Culture and biology have evolved together, influence each other, and concurrently shape behavior, affect, cognition, and development. This special section highlights 2 major domains of the interplay between culture and biology. METHOD The first domain is neurobiology of cultural experiences-how cultural, ethnic, and racial experiences influence limbic systems and neuroendocrine functioning-and the second domain is cultural neuroscience-the connections between cultural processes and brain functioning. RESULTS We include 3 studies on neurobiology of cultural experiences that examine the associations between racial discrimination and heart rate variability (Hill et al., 2016), economic and sociocultural stressors and cortisol levels (Mendoza, Dmitrieva, Perreira, & Watamura, 2016), and unfair treatment and allostatic load (Ong, Williams, Nwizu, & Gruenewald, 2016). We also include 2 studies on cultural neuroscience that investigate cultural group differences and similarities in beliefs, practices, and neural basis of emotion regulation (Qu & Telzer, 2016), and reflected and direct self-appraisals (Pfeifer et al., 2016). CONCLUSIONS We discuss pending challenges and future directions for this emerging field. (PsycINFO Database Record
Characterization of thin film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) multimode piezoelectric cantilevers vibrating in ultrasonic band

We report on characterization of microsale lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film cantilevers, by both optical and electrical measurements, for up to the 7th resonance mode in 2kHz to 2MHz frequency range, with quality (Q) factors between 380 and 600. We also calibrate the PZT thin film's inverse piezoelectric coefficient (e31 ≈ −5C/m2). This work presents a multiphysical characterization of important material and device properties of microscale PZT cantilevers for enabling piezoelectric MEMS sensors and resonant piezoelectric transducers, which hold promises for multiphysics sensing, on-chip energy scavenging, and wireless power transmission.
Using in-situ optical sensors to study dissolved organic carbon dynamics of streams and watersheds: A review.

Abstract It is important to understand how dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is processed and transported through stream networks because DOC is a master water quality variable in aquatic ecosystems. High-frequency sampling is necessary to capture important, rapid shifts in DOC source, concentration, and composition (i.e. quality) in streams. Until recently, this high-frequency sampling was logistically difficult or impossible. However, this type of sampling can now be conducted using in-situ optical measurements through long-term, field-deployable fluorometers and spectrophotometers. The optical data collected from these instruments can quantify both DOC concentration and composition properties (e.g., specific ultra-violet absorbance at 254 nm, spectral slope ratio, and fluorescence index). Previously, the use of these sensors was limited to a small number of specialized users, mainly in Europe and North America, where they were used predominantly in marine DOC studies as well as water treatment and management infrastructure. However, recent field demonstrations across a wide range of river systems reveals a large potential for the use of these instruments in freshwater environments, heightening interest and demand across multiple environmental research and management disciplines. Hence, this review provides an up-to-date synthesis on 1) the use of spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool in stream DOC studies, 2) the instrumentation, its applications, potential limitations and future considerations, and 3) the new watershed DOC research directions made possible via these in-situ optical sensors.
Adolescent Chronotype and Self-Regulation: The Power of When

Few elements of the living world are as ubiquitous as the circadian rhythm. Derived from Latin (circa = approximately; diem = day), the circadian rhythm is a roughly 24-hour intrinsic cycle that is the direct result of evolving on a planet with a 24-hour day–night period. The clock is found in animals, plants, fungi, and even unicellular organisms, allowing for the living world to be physiologically, metabolically, and behaviorally in tune with the external environment.1 In humans, the reaches of the 24-hour cycle are far greater than many realize. The most well-known function of the circadian rhythm is to provide an alerting signal that waxes and wanes in a predictable fashion throughout the day. Perhaps not as well known is that organ systems and even individual cells display a 24-hour periodicity, all of which are kept in sync by the suprachiasmatic nucleus within … Address correspondence to Sujay M. Kansagra, MD, Division of Pediatric Neurology, DUMC 3936, Durham, NC 27710. E-mail: sujay.kansagra{at}duke.edu
How did forecasters respond to the American growth slowdown of the mid-2000s?

Worldwide growth has slowed down in the mid-2000s. This paper both confirms this result for the United States and looks at how four major forecasting organizations responded to this slowdown in GDP...
Post-operative unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia following basilar pneumocephalus after resection of C1 intradural extramedullary tumor.

• Internuclear ophthalmoparesis (INO) specifically results from damage of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF).
Design characteristics of in situ and operando ultraviolet-visible and vibrational spectroscopic reaction cells for heterogeneous catalysis

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on reaction cells for in situ/operando studies of heterogeneous catalysts by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopies and mainly focus...
Temperature-dependent quantum efficiency degradation of K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method

K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method have been found to have excellent quantum efficiency (QE) and outstanding near-atomic surface smoothness and have been employed in the VHF gun in the Advanced Photoinjector Experiment (APEX), however, their robustness in terms of their lifetime at elevated photocathode temperature has not yet been investigated. In this paper, the relationship between the lifetime of the K-Cs-Sb photocathode and the photocathode temperature has been investigated. The origin of the significant QE degradation at photocathode temperatures over $70\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ has been identified as the loss of cesium atoms from the K-Cs-Sb photocathode, based on the in situ x-ray analysis on the photocathode film during the decay process. The findings from this work will not only further the understanding of the behavior of K-Cs-Sb photocathodes at elevated temperature and help develop more temperature-robust cathodes, but also will become an important guide to the design and operation of the future high-field rf guns employing the use of such photocathodes.
Regulation of eukaryotic messenger RNA turnover

We have demonstrated the existence of multiple mRNA binding proteins that interact specifically with defined regions in posttranscriptionally regulated mRNAs. These domains appear to be destabilizers whose function can be attenuated by the interaction with the specific binding proteins. Thus, the ability to alter mRNA decay rates on demand, given different environmental or intracellular conditions, appears to be mediated by controlling the localization, activity, and overall function of the cognate binding protein. Based on our limited experience, we predict that most, if not all, of similarly regulated mRNAs will ultimately be found to interact with regulatory mRNA binding proteins. Under conditions whereby the mRNA binding proteins are constitutively active (e.g., tumor cell lines), abnormal mRNA decay will result, with accumulation and overtranslation. Such appears to be the case for cytokines and possibly amyloid protein precursor mRNAs in cancer and Alzheimer's disease, respectively. Conversely, mutagenesis of these critical 3' untranslated region elements will likely have comparable deleterious effects on the regulation of gene expression. To the extent that such derangements exist in human disease, attention to understanding the mechanistic detail at this level may provide insights into the development of appropriate therapeutics or treatment strategies.
Unusual presentation of bladder myeloid sarcoma causing acute renal failure: case report and review of the literature.

Granulocytic sarcoma, also known as chloroma or myeloid sarcoma, is a pathologic term generally used to describe extramedullary solid tumors composed of myeloblasts. Rarely, it can occur as an isolated finding of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), without bone marrow or blood involvement. Primary involvement of the urinary tract without evidence of leukemia is exceedingly rare. Here, we report a case of granulocytic sarcoma presenting as acute renal failure due to an obstructive bladder mass with mesenteric involvement. Although the bone marrow was not involved morphologically, inversion of chromosome 16 (inv[16][p13q22]) was identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. This case illustrates the importance of the prompt use of appropriate immunostaining and molecular testing to unveil the correct diagnosis due to the urgency in treatment initiation. We performed a literature review of this rare clinical presentation to alert physicians about the optimal diagnosis for prompt treatment.
A Functional Approach to Understanding Spasticity

A functional approach to the assessment of CNS movement disorders is based upon a series of studies in which the posture and equilibrium controls of normal subjects were quantified. This approach uses a movable platform system to perturb the equilibrium of a freely standing subject in a number of different directions. The platform includes a support surface and visual surround, each of which can be moved precisely to modify selectively the visual and somatosensory orientation references during the subjects’s period of adjustment.
Ribosome-Templated Azide–Alkyne Cycloadditions Using Resistant Bacteria as Reaction Vessels: in Cellulo Click Chemistry

In situ click chemistry has been a powerful method for fragment-based drug design since its discovery in 2002. Recently, we demonstrated that the bacterial ribosome can template the azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to expedite the discovery of novel antibiotics. We now report this process can be performed in an antibiotic-resistant bacterial cell. The corresponding triazole products formed in cellulo are potent antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth; moreover, the potency of each cycloadduct can be visualized using the traditional MIC assay in a 96-well plate format. We characterized the in cellulo clicked products by independent chemical synthesis and LC-MS analysis, which showed that mass count percent increase was directly proportional to 1/MIC. In other words, potent compounds detected by MIC were formed in greater amounts. Control experiments unambiguously showed the ribosome was responsible for templating triazole formation. Significantly, our method (1) obviates the need to isolate bacterial ribosomes; (2) could be applied to different bacterial strains, which broadens the scope and facilitates the discovery of narrow-spectrum antibiotics; and (3) does not require the knowledge of mode-of-action and thus could uncover novel antibiotic targets. We believe this method could be expanded and implemented as a novel approach for antibiotic drug discovery.
“Shuttle” in Polysulfide Shuttle: Friend or Foe?

The polysulfide shuttle effect, where sulfur species reach the negative electrode surface and undergo chemical reduction, is believed to be a major bottleneck in lithium–sulfur chemistry. The importance of this phenomenon is often judged based on phenomenological arguments, which do not account for mesoscale complexations. This work presents a comprehensive investigation of the coupled interactions arising from speciation, concentrated electrolyte solution, and reaction time scales. Polysulfide transport consists of diffusion and migration, which determines the net flux. This study demonstrates that the polysulfide shuttle effect can be bounded between reaction-limited and shuttle-limited regimes, depending on the operational extremes. At high sulfur to electrolyte ratio (i.e. lean electrolyte condition), the polysulfide shuttle effect may not necessarily attribute to the cell performance limitation, believed contrarily otherwise.
Chronic and End-Stage Renal Disease and Indications for Renal Transplantation

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States, diabetes and hypertension remain the most common causes of CKD. Complications of advanced stages of CKD include anemia, chronic metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalances, volume overload, hypertension, and mineral bone disease. A disproportionate amount of healthcare expenditure is spent on the care of patients with CKD. Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and leads to better health (quality and quantity of life) and cost-effective outcomes compared to dialysis. Nonetheless, kidney transplantation is an elective procedure with both short- and long-term risks and complications. The evaluation process requires the efforts of a multidisciplinary team to ensure selected patients are appropriate candidates.
Random Field Effects in Dilute Antiferromagnets

Experimenls in d = 2 and d = 3 random field Ising systems are briefly reviewed. Random fields destroy the phase transition for the d = 2 system Rb2CoXMg1−XF4. The d = 3 FexZn1-xF4 system shows a new phase transition with unusual dynamics. Extreme critical slowing down plays an essential role in the d = 3 measurements.
Animal House: Emotional Support Animals in Higher Education and ADA Implications

The use of service animals as an accommodation for a person with a disability is no longer viewed with uncertainty, and the rise of service animals across a myriad of related health, behavioral health, and education settings speaks to its proclivity. Conversely, the wide range of ways in which animals can be used for supportive service is not so widely understood. As such, this writing seeks to explore the evolution of service animals, the subsequent changing landscape of higher education, and how the ADA promotes further exploration in this area.
Using Spin-Hall MTJs to Build an Energy-Efficient In-memory Computation Platform

We present the Spin Hall Effect (SHE) Computational Random Access Memory (CRAM) for in-memory computation, incorporating considerations at the device, gate, and functional levels. For two specific applications (2-D convolution and neuromorphic digit recognition), we show that SHE-CRAM is 3x faster and has over 4x lower energy than a prior STT-based CRAM implementation, and is over 2000x faster and at least 130x more energy-efficient than state-of-the-art near-memory processing.
Abstract 2569: Synergism between RAD51AP1 and RAD54 during late stages of homologous recombination DNA repair

Genomic instability is one of the enabling hallmarks of cancer and can arise by exposure to several factors: endogenous challenges such as stress to DNA replication forks or exogenous compounds such as exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and other environmental mutagens. These insults can lead to the induction and propagation of mutations through the generation of multiple DNA lesions, the most toxic one of which is a DNA double-strand break (DSB). DSBs can be repaired by several different repair pathways. One of these pathways is homologous recombination (HR), a relatively faithful DSB repair pathway that relies on the availability of a homologous template for DNA repair synthesis. DNA strand exchange in HR is mediated by the RAD51 recombinase which forms a nucleoprotein filament on single-stranded DNA for strand invasion. In human cells, RAD51-mediated strand invasion is supported by the DNA motor protein RAD54 and by the RAD51-Associated Protein 1 (RAD51AP1). While RAD54 translocates on double-stranded DNA and promotes DNA strand separation, RAD51AP1 enhances the assembly of the synaptic complex. However, if RAD54 and RAD51AP1 work independently or together in the HR reaction is unclear. Since functional loss of either RAD54 or RAD51AP1 each leads to a moderate defect in HR, we speculate that RAD54 and RAD51AP1 may act in parallel in the promotion of RAD51 activity. We hypothesize that simultaneous inactivation of both RAD54 and RAD51AP1 may lead to a synthetic phenotype in HR impairment. The main focus of this study is to investigate the potential synergism between RAD51AP1 and RAD54 during late stages of the HR reaction to improve targeted cancer therapy. We are investigating if loss of RAD54 in human cells exacerbates the phenotype of RAD51AP1 -deficiency and renders cells more sensitive to DNA damaging agents. We have generated RAD51AP1 knockout HeLa cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. In these cells, we have also inactivated the RAD54 gene using a very similar approach. Moreover, we have generated RAD54 knockout (KO) cells in a wild type RAD51AP1 background. All cell lines are tested for their response to chemotherapeutic agents in cell survival and DNA replication assays. Our first results show that the double KO cells are more sensitive to mitomycin C exposure than single KO cells, suggesting that RAD51AP1 and RAD54 function largely independently of each other in the HR reaction. The results from our investigation are expected to lead to the potential development of new cancer drugs targeted at ancillary factors of RAD51 in late stages of the HR reaction. Citation Format: Platon Selemenakis, David Maranon, Claudia Wiese. Synergism between RAD51AP1 and RAD54 during late stages of homologous recombination DNA repair [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2569.
Play Smarter Not Harder: Developing Your Scholarly Meta

This game performs two related arguments through interactivity and play: first, publication medium shapes research and second, the concept of flow can increase scholarly productivity. Publication medium is a choice that is always made and often forgotten. This game argues that no medium is neutral and that medium choice shapes knowledge production. You play as a scholar composing an article for publication: choosing your medium, researching, writing, and revising. Through successive plays, the game develops the concepts of crunch and flow and explains how to develop a new scholarly meta (an e-sports term for “strategy”) that makes research more productive. The game takes roughly twenty minutes to win, unlocking a debug mode that makes its arguments more explicit. The game may help you improve your own scholarly decisions around medium choice and productivity. Please click on this link to access it: https://src-online.ca/public/site/images/helms-2019/PlaySmarterNotHarder.html. For the black and white version, please click on this link: https://src-online.ca/public/site/images/helms-2019/PlaySmarterNotHarderBW.html. De maniere interactive et ludique, ce jeu developpe deux arguments connexes : premierement, le moyen de communication choisi influence comment une recherche se deroule; deuxiemement, le concept de flux peut augmenter la productivite d’un chercheur. On choisit inevitablement son media, apres quoi on oublie souvent qu’on a fait un choix. Dans cet esprit, ce jeu soutient qu’aucun media est neutre et que le choix de media a un effet sur la production du savoir. Dans le jeu, vous etes un chercheur preparant un article en vue de le faire publier : vous choisissez votre mode de diffusion, vous faites une recherche, puis vous ecrivez et revisez votre article. Le jeu vous permet de vous familiariser avec les concepts de crunch et de flux et vous explique comment developper un nouveau meta (une nouvelle « strategie », en sports electroniques) afin d’accroitre votre productivite en recherche. Vous pouvez remporter ce jeu en vingt minutes a peu pres, apres avoir accede a une etape ou ses arguments deviennent plus clairs. Ce jeu pourrait vous aider a ameliorer vos propres decisions sur le choix d’un moyen de communication et sur votre demarche ulterieure. Veuillez suivre ce lien pour y acceder : https://src-online.ca/public/site/images/helms-2019/PlaySmarterNotHarder.html. Pour le version noir et blanc, veuillez suivre ce lien pour y acceder : https://src-online.ca/public/site/images/helms-2019/PlaySmarterNotHarderBW.html.
Torment Porn or Feminist Witch Hunt: Apprehensions About the #MeToo Movement on /r/AskReddit:

This article argues that #MeToo posts are transgressive and can be understood as a case of confessional discourse that has the potential to empower women around the world rather than inspiring sham...
A test of a corollary of Allen's rule suggests a role for population density

A body of research by Russell Greenberg, Glenn Tattersall and their colleagues has proposed a corollary of Allen's Rule: that in freshwater‐limited environments, bill surface area increases with temperature. Increases in both population density and sexual dimorphism, however, could also explain increases in bill surface area. After controlling for the effects of a hybrid zone, we tested whether temperature or population density in the saltmarsh sparrow Ammospiza caudacuta, a sexually monomorphic estuarine specialist, explained greater variance in bill surface area. This allowed us to examine multiple potential selective mechanisms underlying the Greenberg–Tattersall corollary. We found that saltmarsh sparrows follow the general pattern of the corollary (larger bills in warmer summer climates) but only after controlling for population density. The relationship between bill surface area and temperature varied inversely with population density. We discuss the relative abilities of sexual selection and ecological competition to explain these results.
Large-Scale Mobile App Identification Using Deep Learning

Many network services and tools (e.g. network monitors, malware-detection systems, routing and billing policy enforcement modules in ISPs) depend on identifying the type of traffic that passes through the network. With the widespread use of mobile devices, the vast diversity of mobile apps, and the massive adoption of encryption protocols (such as TLS), large-scale encrypted traffic classification becomes increasingly difficult. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model for mobile app identification that works even with encrypted traffic. The proposed model only needs the payload of the first few packets for classification, and, hence, it is suitable even for applications that rely on early prediction, such as routing and QoS provisioning. The deep model achieves between 84% to 98% accuracy for the identification of 80 popular apps. We also perform occlusion analysis to bring insight into what data is leaked from SSL/TLS protocol that allows accurate app identification. Moreover, our traffic analysis shows that many apps generate not only app-specific traffic, but also numerous ambiguous flows. Ambiguous flows are flows generated by common functionality modules, such as advertisement and traffic analytics. Because such flows are common among many different apps, identifying the source app that generates ambiguous flows is challenging. To address this challenge, we propose a CNN+LSTM model that uses adjacent flows to learn the order and pattern of multiple flows, to better identify the app that generates them. We show that such flow association considerably improves the accuracy, particularly for ambiguous flows. Furthermore, we show that our approach is robust to mixed traffic scenarios where some unrelated flows may appear in adjacent flows. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that identifies the source app for ambiguous flows.
Beauty and Innovation in la machine chinoise: Falla, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel…

The driving force behind Richard E. Mueller’s Beauty and Innovation in la machine chinoise stems from his early experiences hearing West African music while working as a Peace Corps music teacher i...
Psychological Diversity Climate, Organizational Embeddedness, and Turnover Intentions: A Conservation of Resources Perspective:

The hospitality workforce is the most diverse in the United States. Given this fact, a growing body of research has sought to investigate the effects of employee perceptions of their organization’s...
Evaluating a Donor-Funded Reproductive Rights Experiential Learning Program

This paper discusses the characteristics, learning objectives, challenges, and outcomes of a donor-funded internship program for undergraduate students interested in reproductive rights, health, and justice at Tulane University’s Newcomb Institute. I argue that this model, while it has unique challenges, is well-suited to meet the objectives typically established for service-learning programs, including the development of authentic, mutually beneficial, sustainable relationships between community partners and the university (James and Logan 17) and the cultivation of students’ senses of self-efficacy and interest in community engagement (Knapp et al.).
STEM for Inclusive Excellence and Equity

Research Findings: Educators declare their commitment to high-quality education for all children. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) has been increasingly included as critical...
D16 – SURFACE EFFECTS ON LATTICE VIBRATIONS

A discussion is given of surface elastic waves in cubic crystals. The requirements on the elastic constants for the existence of Rayleigh waves and of generalized Rayleigh waves are presented. The modifications of the surface waves introduced by the discrete character of the crystal lattice are illustrated by calculations for a monatomic simple cubic lattice with short-range forces. These changes involve the dependence of frequency on wave number and the dependence of displacement amplitude on distance from the free surface. The effect of increasing the range of the interatomic forces is illustrated by calculations on a one-dimensional model. This model is also used to show how changes in the force constants near a free boundary influence the existence of surface modes. Finally, surface effects on the Debye–Waller factor and on the second-order Doppler shift in the Mossbauer effect are discussed.
Intramuscular medication for treatment of agitation in the emergency department: A systematic review of controlled trials.

Abstract Background Severely agitated patients in the emergency department (ED) are often sedated with intramuscularly-administered medications. The evidence base underlying particular medication choices is surprisingly sparse, as existing reviews either have methodological limitations or have included data collected outside of emergent settings. Objectives The objective of this review was to examine all controlled trials in emergent settings that have used standardized scales to measure the effectiveness of intramuscular medication for the treatment of acute agitation. Methods This review was registered in Prospero as CRD42018105745. PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for prospective controlled trials investigating intramuscular antipsychotics for agitation. Articles were assessed for bias across five domains using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results Eight studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, none of which had a low risk of bias. Five studies had a moderate risk of bias with heterogenous designs, populations, and treatments. These studies seemed to suggest that second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) likely reduce agitation as effectively as first generation antipsychotics (FGAs) plus an adjunctive medication with similar or lower risk of side effects. Conclusions Existing trials on the use of intramuscular antipsychotics in the ED/psychiatric ED setting were small, heterogenous, and at a moderate or high risk of bias. Given the clinical importance of this topic, further prospective investigations are desperately needed but are currently unfeasible under Food and Drug Administration Exception From Informed Consent regulations.
Role of exosomal microRNA signatures: An emerging factor in preeclampsia-mediated cardiovascular disease

Preeclampsia (PE) and vascular dysfunction are major causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Although extensively studied, the complete understanding of the pathophysiology behind PE remains unclear. Current reports indicate that exosomes are essential mediators in PE-related cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Exosomes are synthesized from multivesicular bodies (MVB) and contain functionally active microRNAs miRNAs). These miRNAs have been shown to mediate physiological and pathological functions through autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling mechanisms. The role of miRNAs in pregnant women with PE has been studied extensively. However, little is known about the effect of exosomal miRNAs (exomiR) in PE. This paper will review and discuss the existing evidence for exomiR function in PE and highlight the need for future studies to explore the role that exomiR signatures have in cardiovascular dysfunction associated with PE.
XANES and XMCD

In this chapter we will cover the features close to an absorption edge, often called XANES (but sometimes NEXAFS). XANES is an acronym for X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure. This is usually considered the region around the absorption edge where there are dramatic changes in the density of states and/or individual transition intensities, so that a simplistic EXAFS interpretation does not apply. As a reminder, the absorption cross section will depend on both the density of states and the transition matrix element for the given transition [254]: