cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing excess postexercise oxygen consumption in trained and untrained women

Abstract This study investigated the effects of blood lactate and norepinephrine levels and rectal temperature on excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) following two different exercise intensities. Six trained and seven untrained women each performed two exercise tests, short-term high-intensity exercise ([HI] ∼80% maximum oxygen consumption [Vo2max]) and long-term low-intensity exercise ([LOW] ∼65% Vo2max) until 300 kcal were expended. Rectal temperature, oxygen consumption (Vo2), and lactate and norepinephrine levels were monitored at rest, during exercise, and for 60 minutes into recovery. Exercise times averaged 30.0 ± 4.5 and 23.7 ± 0.9 minutes in trained women and 45 ± 3.6 and 30.0 ± 0.4 minutes in untrained women for LOW and HI, respectively. Rectal temperature, Vo2, and lactate and norepinephrine levels were significantly elevated (P
Plastic Deformation of Aluminum Oxide by Indentation and Abrasion

Transmission electron microscopy provided direct evidence that plastic deformation occurs during the room-temperature indentation and abrasion of Al2O3. Examination of single-crystal and polycrystalline specimens showed that high densities of dislocations are produced within the near-surface regions by mechanical polishing with a fine diamond compound (0.25 μm) and that plastic deformation by both slip and mechanical twinning occurs during the placement of Vickers microhardness indentations. The occurrence of plastic deformation in this normally brittle material is considered to be a consequence of the nature and magnitude of the local stresses developed under pointed indenters and irregularly shaped abrasive particles. Preliminary results on the effect of annealing on the retained substructure are also presented. Annealing at 900°C and higher resulted in the reduction of residual stresses through the motion of dislocations and their rearrangement into lower-energy configurations.
Overlooking: a sign of bilateral central scotomata in children.

SUMMARY Four children are reported who always looked above objects of visual interest (overlooking). All had bilateral central scotomata (loss of central visual field). Three had optic nerve disease selectively affecting the papillomacular fibers; the fourth had ocular colobomata affecting the maculae. Overlooking is an important sign of bilateral central scotomata in children: it is an adaptation to loss of central vision. RŕSUMŕ Le regard au dessus: un signe de scotome central bilatŕral chez I'enfant L'article dŕcrit quatre enfants regardant toujours au dessus des objets interŕressants sur le plan visuel (overlooking). Tous prŕsentaient un scotome central bilatŕral (perte du champ visuel central). Trois d'entre eux prŕsentaient une affection du nerf optique frappant sŕlectivement les fibres papillomaculaires; le quatrieme avait un colobome oculaire affectant la macula. Le regard au dessus est un signe important de scotome central bilatŕral chez I'enfant: il traduit une adaptation a la perte de vision. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Overlooking (uber einem Gegenstand fixieren): ein Zeichen fur bilaterale zentrale Skotome bei Kindern Es wird uber vier Kinder berichtet, die immer uber Gegenstande von visuellem Interesse hinwegsahen. Alle hatten bilaterale zentrale Skotome (Verlust des zentralen Sehfeldes). Drei hatten eine Sehnervenerkrankung, die selektiv die papillomakularen Fasern betraf; das vierte hatte Kolobome, die die Makula in Mitleidenschaft zogen. Overlooking ist ein wichtiges Zeichen fur bilaterale zentrale Skotome bei Kindern: es ist eine Anpassung beim Ausfall des zentralen Sehfeldes. RESUMEN Supramirada: signo de escotoma central bilateral en ninos Se refieren cuatro ninos que siempre miraban los objectos de interŕs por encima de ellos (supramirada). Todos tenian un escotoma central bilateral (pŕridada de la vision del campo visual central). Tres tenian una entermedad del nervio opitoc afectando selectivamente las fibras papilomaculare. El cuarto tenia un coloboma ocular afectando la macula. La supramirada es un signo importante de escotoma central bilateral en ninos; es una adaptacion a la pŕrdida de la vision central.
Regulation of the Transcription Factor YY1 in Mitosis through Phosphorylation of Its DNA-binding Domain

Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is a ubiquitously expressed zinc finger transcription factor. It regulates a vast array of genes playing critical roles in development, differentiation, and cell cycle. Very little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the functions of YY1. It has long been proposed that YY1 is a phosphoprotein; however, a direct link between phosphorylation and the function of YY1 has never been proven. Investigation of the localization of YY1 during mitosis shows that it is distributed to the cytoplasm during prophase and remains excluded from DNA until early telophase. Immunostaining studies show that YY1 is distributed equally between daughter cells and rapidly associates with decondensing chromosomes in telophase, suggesting a role for YY1 in early marking of active and repressed genes. The exclusion of YY1 from DNA in prometaphase HeLa cells correlated with an increase in the phosphorylation of YY1 and loss of DNA-binding activity that can be reversed by dephosphorylation. We have mapped three phosphorylation sites on YY1 during mitosis and show that phosphorylation of two of these sites can abolish the DNA-binding activity of YY1. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism for the inactivation of YY1 through phosphorylation of its DNA-binding domain.
Flow injection determination of carboxylate, phosphate, and sulfhydryl compounds using metal exchange complexation.

Abstract The determination of carboxylate, phosphorous, and sulfhydryl compounds has been studied using flow injection by measuring the decrease in absorbance of the Fe(III)–salicylate complex due to preferential ligand interaction with ferric ion. Targeted compounds include polycarboxylates such as sodium citrate, sodium oxalate, and EDTA, anionic phosphorous compounds such as sodium monofluoroorthophosphate, sodium trimetaphosphate, and sodium hexametaphosphate, and sulfhydryl compounds such as cysteine, glutathione, and captopril. Initial flow injection optimization has focused on citrate based on its ability to replace salicylate ion in the Fe(III)–salicylate complex causing a decrease in absorbance at 525 nm proportional to the citrate concentration. Two flow injection analysis methods are developed. In the first method, offline reaction flow injection, sodium citrate dissolved in 100 μmol L −1 Fe–salicylate is injected in a carrier solution of 100 μmol L −1 Fe–salicylate. The decrease in peak area is linear over a range of 1.36–109 μmol L −1 using a flow rate of 1 mL min −1 and an injection volume of 100 μL. The effect of pH on the Fe–salicylate complex absorbance is studied from 1 to 3.5; pH 3 shows both a high and stable complex absorbance in the visible range which provided important potential selectivity over UV detection. The limit of detection is found to be less than 57 nmol L −1 depending on the Fe(III)–salicylate concentration used. The second method is reverse flow injection using the sample as a flowing stream in which 3 mmol L −1 Fe(III)–salicylate is injected and the decrease in the response with increased sample concentration was monitored. The commercially available pharmaceutical product (Citroma) ® is used to assess the accuracy and precision of the two proposed methods as compared to a reference method.
Diode laser sensor to monitor HCL in a plasma etch reactor

Absorption measurements of HCl during plasma etching of poly-silicon are made using the P(4) transition in the first vibrational overtone band near 1.79 μm. Single path absorption provides a real-time HCl monitor during etching of six-inch wafers in a commercial Lam Research 9400SE reactor at the University of Michigan. Wavelength modulation at 10.7 MHz is used to distinguish the absorption signal from the strong plasma emission. The laser center frequency is ramp-tuned at 500 Hz providing an HCl measurement every 2ms. Direct absorption measurements without the plasma are used to calibrate the wavelength modulation signal. The minimum detectable absorbance was 5x(10)-6 with 50 ms averaging, leading to an HCl detection limit of ~(10)12cm-3. For a given ratio of the feedstock HBr/Cl2, the measured HCl concentration tracks the average etch rate. These measurements demonstrate the feasibility of a real-time diode laser-based etch rate sensor.
A comparison of male and female reactions to career advancement opportunities

Abstract Male and female managerial, professional, and technical employees participated in a study to test for the existence of sex differences in (1) attitudes toward the risks and sacrifices associated with career advancement and (2) salary increments required to accept a promotion opportunity. Results showed no differences in male and female attitudes toward career advancement. In addition, men and women appeared to hold highly similar ideas about the size of salary increments necessary to induce acceptance of various hypothetical promotion opportunites. Findings are discussed in relation to common stereotypes regarding the career mobility of women.
IDENTIFICATION OF SHORT CHAIN ACYL-CARNITINE ESTERS (SCAC) IN ORGANIC ACIDURIAS

Increased acyl-carnitine ester and decreased free carnitine levels have been noted in patients with certain inborn errors of metabolism. In order to study carnitine metabolism in these patients a technique for the identification of SCAC was developed. SCAC were enzymatically converted to the corresponding coenzyme A (CoA) esters by reaction with carnitine acetyltransferase. Acetyl, propionyl, butryl and isovaleryl-carnitine esters have been tested todate and a linear relationship between initial acyl-carnitine and final acyl-CoA concentrations was present. Acyl-CoA's were identified using a HPLC technique. Urine samples from control patients in which SCAC were converted to acyl-CoA's showed a large peak of acetyl-CoA and small peak of propionyl-CoA. The acyl-CoA pattern in a patient with propionic acidemia (PA) showed a large peak of propionyl-CoA and smaller peak of acetyl-CoA. 50mg/kg oral L-carnitine in controls (n=4) resulted in an increase of urine carnitine levels from 0.10±0.03/0.8± 0.07/μmole/mg/creat (mean±SD) (acyl/free carnitine levels) to 2.14±1.65/2.15±2.0 4 hours after L-carnitine. In a patient with PA, urine carnitine levels increased from 0.98/0.3 to 3.8/0.5 μmole/mg/creat and propionyl-carnitine was the major SCAC present. The ability of L-carnitine to increase acyl-group excretion may be of therapeutic benefit. This procedure for identification of SCAC offers an alternative to other methods used.
Mapping soil textural fractions across a large watershed in north-east Florida

Assessment of regional scale soil spatial variation and mapping their distribution is constrained by sparse data which are collected using field surveys that are labor intensive and cost prohibitive. We explored geostatistical (ordinary kriging-OK), regression (Regression Tree-RT), and hybrid methods (RT plus residual Sequential Gaussian Simulation-SGS) to map soil textural fractions across the Santa Fe River Watershed (3585 km(2)) in north-east Florida. Soil samples collected from four depths (L1: 0-30 cm, L2: 30-60 cm, L3: 60-120 cm, and L4: 120-180 cm) at 141 locations were analyzed for soil textural fractions (sand, silt and clay contents), and combined with textural data (15 profiles) assembled under the Florida Soil Characterization program. Textural fractions in L1 and L2 were autocorrelated, and spatially mapped across the watershed. OK performance was poor, which may be attributed to the sparse sampling. RT model structure varied among textural fractions, and the model explained variations ranged from 25% for L1 silt to 61% for L2 clay content. Regression residuals were simulated using SGS, and the average of simulated residuals were used to approximate regression residual distribution map, which were added to regression trend maps. Independent validation of the prediction maps showed that regression models performed slightly better than OK, and regression combined with average of simulated regression residuals improved predictions beyond the regression model. Sand content >90% in both 0-30 and 30-60 cm covered 80.6% of the watershed area.
Surface charge induced Stark effect on luminescence of quantum dots conjugated on functionalized carbon nanotubes

Abstract A significant blue shift of the luminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD) conjugated with functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) is investigated. The observed Stark shift is due to the local electrostatic field induced by the carboxylic anions on the CNT surface. A theoretical model is developed to evaluate the contribution of the surface charges to the observed spectral shift (up to 0. 59 eV). Based on the present model, the Stark shift provides an effective method for evaluating the density of carboxyl groups on the surface of functionalized CNTs and can be used as a charge detector for QD–nanostructures.
The Role of Blame in Adaptation in the First 5 Years Following the Death of a Spouse

At 6 months postloss, 37 midlife bereaved participants engaged in an empty-chair monologue role play involving their deceased spouses. Judges rated the extent of self- and deceased-blame in participants' monologue discourse, and forms of continuing attachment to the deceased were assessed. Participants completed outcome measures at 14, 25, and 60 months postloss. Self-blame was uniquely predictive of grief-specific symptoms across 60 months postloss. Furthermore, the relationship between self-blame and grief-specific symptoms was mediated by a maladaptive form of continuing attachment involving hanging onto the deceased's possessions. In contrast, deceased-blame was uniquely related to general symptoms at 14 months postloss but was not predictive of symptoms later on after the death. It was also negatively related to use of the fond memories form of continuing attachment. The results were interpreted in terms of differing motivational consequences of self- versus deceased-blame on the continuing attachment.
Ca2+ sparks act as potent regulators of excitation-contraction coupling in airway smooth muscle.

Ca2+ sparks are short lived and localized Ca2+ transients resulting from the opening of ryanodine receptors in sarcoplasmic reticulum. These events relax certain types of smooth muscle by activating big conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels to produce spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and the resultant closure of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. But in many smooth muscles from a variety of organs, Ca2+ sparks can additionally activate Ca2+-activated Cl− channels to generate spontaneous transient inward current (STICs). To date, the physiological roles of Ca2+ sparks in this latter group of smooth muscle remain elusive. Here, we show that in airway smooth muscle, Ca2+ sparks under physiological conditions, activating STOCs and STICs, induce biphasic membrane potential transients (BiMPTs), leading to membrane potential oscillations. Paradoxically, BiMPTs stabilize the membrane potential by clamping it within a negative range and prevent the generation of action potentials. Moreover, blocking either Ca2+ sparks or hyperpolarization components of BiMPTs activates voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, resulting in an increase in global [Ca2+]i and cell contraction. Therefore, Ca2+ sparks in smooth muscle presenting both STICs and STOCs act as a stabilizer of membrane potential, and altering the balance can profoundly alter the status of excitability and contractility. These results reveal a novel mechanism underlying the control of excitability and contractility in smooth muscle.
Mediolateral episiotomy significantly reduces the risk of obstetric-associated anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in women who deliver via vacuum extraction

Commentary on: Jango H, Langhoff-Roos J, Rosthoj S, et al. Modifiable risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter injury in primiparous women: a population-based cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014;210:59.e1–6.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2] Approximately 10% of women sustain obstetric-associated anal sphincter injury (OASIS) during vaginal delivery.1 Obstetric trauma is the most common cause of anal sphincter injury. Preventing OASIS is critical because between one-thirds and two-thirds of women with OASIS develop faecal incontinence (FI) with profound consequent physical and psychological effects. Primiparity, excess birth weight, vacuum extraction, forceps and median episiotomy are identified risk factors for OASIS; evidence implicating other factors (mediolateral episiotomy and epidural analgesia) is mixed, providing this study's impetus. This manuscript comprises a retrospective analysis of risk factors for OASIS, identified during vaginal delivery among primiparous women in the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Most maternal (age, … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BObstet%2BGynecol%26rft.volume%253D210%26rft.spage%253D59.e1%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.ajog.2013.08.043%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.ajog.2013.08.043&link_type=DOI
Morphology development during polymerization-induced phase separation in a polymer dispersed liquid crystal

Abstract To elucidate the emergence of liquid crystal (LC) domains during polymerization induced phase separation in a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), numerical simulation has been performed by incorporating the kinetics of crosslinking reaction into the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL-Model C) equations in conjunction with the combined Flory–Huggins (FH)/Maier–Saupe (MS) free energies. The TDGL-Model C basically consists of two coupled equations in which a conserved compositional order parameter (i.e. the volume fraction) is coupled with a non-conserved orientational order parameter of the LCs. Of particular interest is the influence of nematic ordering on the emergence of domain morphology that shows a strong dependence on curing temperatures and compositions, displaying a rich variety of patterns.
Neuroprotection in Cardiac Surgery

Several hundred thousand patients in the United States undergo cardiac surgery. The most common procedures include those for coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, aortic disease, surgery for heart failure, congenital heart disease, transplantation, and a variety of other combined procedures. Neurologic injury is a significant risk factor for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Although stroke, with an incidence of 1% to 6%, is the most serious complication, cognitive impairment (25% to 65%) and impaired level of consciousness (approximately 10%) can be significantly troublesome for patients and lead to potential further complications [1]. This latter complication can consist of encephalopathy, delirium, confusion, and depression. Atherosclerotic emboli from the aorta and great vessels and hypoperfusion to watershed regions of the brain are the predominant causes of stroke (or cerebrovascular accident). The cause of cognitive impairment and impaired level of consciousness is multifactorial and has been attributed to hypoperfusion, microemboli, metabolic derangements, general anesthesia, and initiation of a proinflammatory state.
Spiritual Practices for Caregivers and Care Receivers

This article is written by two university social work professors who illustrate the value of spiritual practices in caring for their elderly mothers, one who had Alzheimer's disease and the other who has a mental illness. The article discusses ways that human service professionals (e.g., social workers, mental health practitioners, nurses, chaplains, and other professional caregivers) can support caregivers and care receivers to explore and enhance the spiritual dimension of life, using activities such as reading sacred texts, listening to religious music, attending faith-based services, engaging in private devotional practices, praying, or connecting in a spiritual community.
Matching treatment to pathophysiology in type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background: Because type 2 diabetes is a progressive condition, > 50% of all patients whose disease is initially controlled with diet and exercise will eventually need single or multiple pharmacologic agents to maintain adequate glycemic control. Although current treatment standards require that combination therapy be instituted only after the failure of monotherapy, the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study suggest that aggressive initial treatment is crucial to slowing the evolution of long-term complications associated with this disease. Objectives: This article reviews the diagnosis and classification of type 2 diabetes, describes the multiple defects in glucose metabolism associated with the disease, and discusses the various pharmacologic options for achieving glycemic control in these patients. Methods: The information in this review was compiled through a search of MEDLINE®. Search terms included but were not limited to type 2 diabetes and antihyperglycemic agents . In addition, abstracts were identified using the Web sites of diabetes-related professional organizations. Results: Two pathophysiologic mechanisms, insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, are usually present at diagnosis in type 2 diabetes. Several studies have shown that combination therapy with antihyperglycemic agents having different mechanisms of action provides greater efficacy than treatment with single agents. Conclusions: Current research suggests that early aggressive treatment with combination therapy achieves glycemic control at lower doses and with fewer side effects than monotherapy with either component.
LHC "Price Tag"

The dollar figures quoted in Alexander Hellemans' article “CERN sets sights on an early LHC [Large Hadron Collider]” (News & Comment, [3 Jan., p. 19][1]), could be misinterpreted in the absence of appropriate clarifications. In particular, the $2 billion quoted as LHC's “price tag” includes the accelerator, but not the detectors, and is based on accounting practice at CERN (the European particle physics center). On the other hand, the $530 million from the United States is to fund equipment and materials for both accelerator and detectors, and the amount of that equipment and materials is determined on the basis of U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and National Science Foundation (NSF) accounting practices. Unlike the DOE-NSF costing procedure, CERN accounting excludes a number of elements such as research and development and a substantial fraction of labor costs, which CERN covers and accounts for separately. Thus, the figures of $2 billion and $530 million are not at all comparable. DOE-NSF accounting practices would place the cost for the LHC accelerator and detectors at about $6 billion, with about two-thirds for the accelerator and one-third for the detectors. It is against these figures that the proposed U.S. contribution should be compared, namely, $200 million by DOE for the LHC accelerator and $330 million (DOE and NSF) for the two detectors. All of the U.S. accelerator funding and the vast majority of the detector funding will be used to provide materials and equipment from U.S. industry, national laboratories, and universities. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.275.5296.19
Anatomic changes in multiple brainstem nuclei after incremental, near-complete neurotoxic destruction of the pre-Bötzinger Complex in adult goats.

Abrupt, bilateral destruction of the pre-Botzinger Complex (preBotC) leads to terminal apnea in unanesthetized goats and rats. In contrast, respiratory rhythm and pattern and arterial blood gases in goats during wakefulness and sleep are normal after incremental (over a month) destruction of > 90% of the preBotC. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the difference in effects between abrupt and incremental destruction of the preBotC are a result of time-dependent plasticity, which manifests as anatomic changes at sites within the respiratory network. Accordingly, we report data from histological analyses comparing the brainstems of control goats, and goats that had undergone bilateral, incremental, ibotenic acid (IA)-induced preBotC lesioning. A major focus was on the parafacial respiratory group/retrotrapezoid nucleus (pFRG/RTN) and the pontine respiratory group (PRG), which are sites thought to contribute to respiratory rhythmogenesis. We also studied the facial (FN), rostral nucleus ambiguus (NA), medullary raphe (MRN), hypoglossal (HN), and the dorsal motor vagal (DMV) nuclei. Neuronal counts, count region area (mm²), and neuronal densities were calculated using computer-assisted analyses and/or manual microscopy to compare control and preBotC-lesioned animals. We found that within the ventral and lateral medulla 2mm rostral to the caudal pole of the FN (presumed pFRG/RTN), there were 25% and 65% more (P < 0.001) neurons, respectively, in preBotC-lesioned compared to control goats. Lesioned goats also showed 14% and 13% more (P < 0.001) neurons in the HN and medial parabrachialis nucleus, but 46%, 28%, 7%, and 17% fewer (P < 0.001) neurons in the FN, NA, DMV, and Kolliker-Fuse nuclei, respectively. In the remaining sites analyzed, there were no differences between groups. We conclude that anatomic changes at multiple sites within the respiratory network may contribute to the time-dependent plasticity in breathing following incremental and near-complete destruction of the preBotC.
Clustering and Control of Mitotic Activity in Human Epidermis

Statistical analysis of clustering of mitotic figures in adult human epidermis shows that this clustering is highly significant, in excess of what can be explained by chance. To explain this, some cause for the clustering can be looked for. The results are consistent with the existence of a mitosis stimulating factor that is balanced by a diurnally varying anti-mitotic factor or factors—perhaps the adrenal steroid chalone complex of present theory. Such a mitosis stimulating factor would have the characteristics of an epidermal antichalone.
Film models for multicomponent mass transfer: Diffusion in physiological gas mixtures

The exact solution of the Maxwell-Stefan equations for steady state diffusion in a stagnant film due to Krishna and Standart (1976) is compared to the approximate solutions of Toor (1964) and Stewart and Prober (1964) for osmotic diffusion of oxygen in the three physiological gas mixtures He−N2−O2, He−SF6−O2, N2−SF6−O2. It is found that the predicted fluxes of He, N2 and SF6 are usually in excellent agreement but that the two methods could predict differing directions of transfer of oxygen. Concentration profiles obtained from the linearized equations may be significantly different from the profiles calculated from an exact solution of the film model.
Suppression of macrophage reactive intermediates by cocaine

The in vivo or in vitro effects of cocaine on the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), and nitrite (NO2-) by sodium periodate-elicited macrophages were studied. Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide productions were suppressed by both in vitro treatments and in vivo administrations of cocaine. The H2O2 and O2- production partially recovered after 150 min in vitro. However, cocaine inhibited NO2- production only in vitro, failing to suppress it through in vivo administration.
World Images, Authority, and Institutions A Comparison of China and the West

Max Weber famously wrote that world images determine the tracks along which societies move. This article examines the relation between world images and the so-called tracks of society, which in this metaphor resemble the current concept of institution. This concept is now associated with the ‘new institutionalisms’ in social science and has no connection to the civilizational level of analysis that Weber used. This article reexamines Weber’s usage of the terms and employs the terms to analyze differences in the principles of legitimacy between those emerging in the West and those in China, differences that Weber himself did not recognize.
Determination of National Survey of Pesticides analytes in groundwater by liquid chromatography with postcolumn reaction detection

Abstract Multi-residue methods for pesticides in water were developed using liquid chromatography (LC) with postcolumn reaction detection. Over 100 analytes from the US Environmental Protection Agency's National Survey of Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells were screened for response using postcolumn photolysis followed by fluorescence (PFD), electrochemical (PED) or conductivity (PCD) detection. LC-PED and LC-PFD are suitable for multi-residue pesticide determinations in groundwater. These two detection methods are complementary as PED responds to several sulfur-containing pesticides whereas PFD responds to many nitrogenous pesticides. Approximately half of these analytes could be determined in low nanograms amounts using these two detection systems and multi-residue separations with gradient reversed-phase LC are demonstrated. The LC-PCD system tested was not suitable for sensitive, multi-residue determinations and further examination of this technique is recommended using the commercial PCD instrument.
Effect of volume and pH on surface receptor number in macrophages

Incubation of rabbit alveolar macrophages in hypo-osmotic solutions transiently increases cell volume and inhibits membrane internalization, resulting in an increase in surface receptor number. Since recent reports suggest that hypo-osmotic treatment decreases intracellular pH, and that reduced pH inhibits receptor internalization, pH was measured in hypo-osmotically treated macro-phages. We found that cells incubated in iso-osmotic solutions of pH less than 7.2 exhibited a decrease in intracellular pH upon exposure to hypo-osmotic solutions, while cells in iso-osmotic solutions of pH greater than 7.2 had an increase in pH upon exposure to hypo-osmotic solutions. The relative increase in surface receptor number was unaffected by the initial pH or by the direction of change in pH. Incubation of cells in high K+/low Na+ hypotonic buffers induced a persistent increase in cell volume and surface receptor number. Cell volume and surface receptor number fell to baseline values after restoration of isotonicity by the addition of hypertonic sucrose. These manipulations had little effect on intracellular pH. We conclude that the inhibition of membrane internalization observed in cells exposed to hypo-osmotic solutions is independent of changes in intracellular pH. The inhibition of internalization observed in this system may be due directly to forces produced as a consequence of cell swelling.
FM velocity selectivity in the inferior colliculus is inherited from velocity-selective inputs and enhanced by spike threshold.

Frequency modulation (FM) is computed from the temporal sequence of activated auditory nerve fibers representing different frequencies. Most studies in the inferior colliculus (IC) have inferred fr...
Employee Drug Testing as Social Control A Typology of Normative Justifications

Workplace drug testing is a commonplace practice in the United States. Social control theory, the study of social responses to deviant behavior, provides a useful framework for examining the underlying rationales for employee drug testing. A historical-legal analysis of federal employee drug testing uncovers six contrasting justifications supporting such tests (performance, health, and safety; deterrence; rehabilitation; symbolic; technology; and conflict). The article presents a promising theoretical structure (typology) for studying personnel policies that emerge as the result of new technologies in the workplace. Implications for personnel administrators and first-line managers are also explored.
A phase-based motion estimation technique for mouse cardiac function using monogenic signal and high resolution ultrasound

Regional tissue motion estimation using medical ultrasound images is an important first step in solving many problems with significant clinical applications that include non-invasive assessments of myocardial function in echocardiography. Many existing techniques for estimating motion are based on block-matching using B-mode image intensity, and phase information is often neglected. In digital image processing, it is widely accepted that the information carried in the image phase is more important than information carried by its amplitude. In this work, we implemented a phase-based tracking technique using the monogenic signal to estimate cardiac motion in both synthetic and in vivo mouse heart data. In vivo mouse heart data were acquired with a 30MHz transducer array and synthetic data were simulated with Field II using comparable parameters. The tracking results were compared with a reference speckle tracking analysis method: minimum sum of absolute different (MSAD). The tracking errors for in vivo mouse heart data were 5.3±1.6% and 7.1±2.1% for phase-based and MSAD, respectively. Phase-based displacement estimation via monogenic signal is an improved alternative to conventional block-matching techniques as it makes use of image signal phase information. Phase-based motion tracking using the monogenic signal is accurate and computationally inexpensive.
A pre-B cell nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the immunoglobulin V-J recombination sequences

DNA-nuclear protein interactions were studied with synthetic recombination signal sequences (RSSs) for immunoglobulin V-J joining. With a gel retardation assay, a DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with RSSs was detected in nuclear extracts from a pre-B cell line, 38B9. This protein was found in all the recombination-competent pre-B cell lines tested in this study, but not in myeloma, mature T cell, monocyte, or fibroblast cell lines. DNA footprint analysis with dimethyl sulfate demonstrated that the 7-mer region of the RSS was strongly protected when complexed with the binding protein. Furthermore, a single base substitution in the 7-mer region totally abolished the binding. The molecular mechanism of V-J joining is discussed in the context of the RSS-binding protein.
Predictors of Survival in Multiple Myeloma Patients after Relapse from a Delayed Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 21 (2015) S127eS146 S137 Day 0 [median count of 65.5/ul (range: 21.1e313.02) and of these 15 (60%) had achieved counts of> 20/ul on Day -1 itself [median count of 45.3/ul (range: 21.4e130.2)]. None of the patients had toxicity related to meloxicam. Subsequently 21 patients underwent auto SCT and their data was compared with 50 age and disease matched controls who had mobilization and auto SCT at our center between January 2013 and March 2014. Though mobilization rates and cell doses were not significantly different, the use of meloxicam and G-CSF was associated with faster neutrophil engraftment. Following auto SCT, there was lower Grade IIIeIV toxicity, lower transfusion requirement of red cells and reduction in the duration of hospital stay post SCT [Table 1]. Conclusion: The addition of meloxicam to G-CSF improves stem cell mobilization and is associated with faster engraftment, no additional toxicity, lower supportive care and lower duration of hospitalization. It is also potentially possible that we may be able to harvest the patients a day earlier depending upon the peripheral blood CD 34 counts achieved. This datawarrants a prospective randomized trial comparing Meloxicam + G-CSF with G-CSF alone as a mobilization strategy prior to autologous stem cell transplantation.
Interface and surface effects on the glass transition in thin polystyrene films

Lifetime analysis of positronium annihilating in nanometer voids is used to study the thermal expansion behavior of thin, Si-supported polystyrene films near the glass transition temperature ${T}_{g}$. A reduction in void volume expansion is correlated with a reduction in the apparent ${T}_{g}$ as film thickness decreases. Our results can be fitted using a three-layer model incorporating a 50 \AA{} constrained layer at the Si interface and a 20 \AA{} surface region with reduced ${T}_{g}$.
Ramjet Rumble: The Low-Frequency Instability Mechanism in Coaxial Dump Combustors

Abstract The problem of low-frequency instability in ramjet dump combustors is examined. An instability model is presented which asserts that a coupling occurs between two processes, one located in the combustion zone and the other at the choked nozzle. Pressure disturbances are produced as entropy waves convect through tlie nozzle, and entropy waves are generated as the pressure disturbances perturb the combustion zone. An approximate linearized stability theory is developed for the case of near blow-off (which corresponds to maximum rumble ). Both oscillation frequencies and amplification rates are obtained. The theory is used in conjunction with available experimental data to analyze the effect oi combustor-to-inlct area ratio, nozzle-to-combustor area ratio, inlet stagnation temperature, presence of a flameholder, mode of fuel injection, fuel-air ratio, and combustor size on stability. Both frequency calculations and stability analysis agree well with the experimental measurements and observations.
Convection in the Outer Planet Atmospheres Including ortho-para Hydrogen Conversion

Abstract Convective adjustment and diffusive schemes based on terrestrial methods are extended to outer planet applications in order to develop an algorithm that can be used in dynamical modeling of outer planetary flows. Over the temperature range between 50 K and 250 K the delayed conversion of ortho- hydrogen to para-hydrogen can have large effects on stratification. One-dimensional modeling of atmospheric layers cooled from the top, as by radiation to space, is reported. After ortho- and para-hydrogen are mixed by a convective event, the ortho/para ratio begins to relax toward thermodynamic equilibrium. The energy release during relaxation drives the atmosphere toward stability. On Jupiter, the influence of hydrogen conversion on convection is small. On Neptune the energy released by hydrogen conversion is large, and it shuts off convection. A time dependent structure ensues, with irregular occurrence of mixing events associated with temperature fluctuations of 1 K or more. The mean thermal structure at levels where the temperature is less than about 250 K is significantly stable, in contrast to the predictions of conventional outer planet radiative-convective calculations.
Conductivity of acid catalysts, and its variation during alkylation and polymerization reactions

1. The conductivities of a number of acid catalysts have been investigated, tabulated, and compared with the catalytic activities of these substances. 2. No general relationship is to be observed between the catalytic activity and conductivity when a number of different catalysts are considered, but when one particular catalyst is under consideration, the conductivity forms an index of the activity of the catalyst. The conductivity falls parallel to the specific gravity and titratable concentration of the catalyst. 3. Comparison of conductivities in polymerization and alkylation reactions shows that in alkylation the conductivity changes very slowly, whereas in polymerization it changes very rapidly. Although the alkylation reaction occurs in presence of strong acids and. in general, with a smaller group of catalysts than the polymerization reaction, the stability of the catalyst is considerably higher in alkylation than in polymerization.
Invariant imbedding, particle interaction, and conservation relations☆

Abstract In a series of papers, we have applied invariant imbedding to provide new analytic and computational approaches to a variety of processes of mathematical physics. We began a detailed analysis of the ordinary and partial differential equations of invariant imbedding, concentrating upon existence and uniqueness of solution, nonnegativity of solution, and convergence of associated difference algorithms as step-size went to zero. In this paper, we wish to show that for a quite general class of transport processes involving particle-particle interaction as well as the usual particle-medium interaction, we can obtain difference approximations which exhibit nonnegativity and boundedness in an immediate fashion. Furthermore, a uniform Lipschitz condition is preserved. In subsequent papers, we shall discuss the more difficult matters of convergence to the solution of the partial differential equation and existence of this solution over the entire physical range of the independent variables.
Angling assessment of the fisheries of Humacao Natural Reserve lagoon system, Puerto Rico.

Abstract The Humacao Natural Reserve (HNR) lagoon system, Puerto Rico has become an important fish source for eastern Puerto Rico. Principal fishes targeted are tarpon ( Megalops atlanticus ), snook (common snook Centropomus undecimalis and swordspine snook C. ensiferus ), and tilapia (Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus and redbreast tilapia Tilapia rendalli ). We conducted a roving creel survey April 2000–March 2001 using the non-uniform probability method to characterize the anglers that exploited the fishery resources at the HNR lagoon system. We evaluated the variability of responses to individual sociological and attitudinal questions across the angling groups interviewed. The overall goal of this study was to propose management actions for the fisheries of the HNR lagoon system. We interviewed 343 anglers (89% male; 11% female). Total estimated annual effort was 26,581 angler-hours, and we recorded 107 tilapia, 58 snook, and 16 tarpon accounting 107.4 kg. We identified three groups of anglers: (1) ‘recreational anglers’ ( N = 219), for whom fishing was simply an outdoor activity; (2) ‘sport anglers’ ( N = 42), who had greater expectations regarding fishing as an activity, requiring privacy; (3) ‘subsistence anglers’ ( N = 82), for whom the HNR lagoon system represented a permanent and affordable source of fish protein. Based on these results, we concluded that the HNR fishery is clearly not just a recreational or sport fishery, as it is typically defined. Some anglers perceive the reserve as a natural environment for solitude and contemplation, and will regret any change intended to modify its current appearance. For others, the reserve is a natural place that should be used for material benefit (e.g., fishing). Management recommendations must take into consideration differences between groups, and protect characteristics of the reserve appealing to its main user groups, while not disenfranchising minority groups.
World Religions and Norms of War

World Religions and Norms of War, edited by Vesselin Popovski, Gregory M. Reichberg and Nicholas Turner. Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 2009, xiv + 335 pp., ISBN: 978-92-808-1163-6. World ...
A century of change in macrophyte abundance and composition in response to agricultural eutrophication

Clear Lake, Iowa, USA is a shallow, agriculturally eutrophic lake that has changed drastically over the past century. Eight macrophyte surveys since 1896 were pooled and examined to characterize long-term impacts of eutrophication on macrophyte community composition and relative abundance. Surveys in 1981 and 2000 revealed few submergent and floating-leaved species and a dominance in emergent species (Scirpus, Typha). Over the past century, however, species richness has declined from a high of 30 species in 1951 to 12 found today, while the community composition has shifted from submergent-(99%) to emergent-dominated floras (84%). Potamogeton praelongus was the first emergent species to disappear but was followed by several other clear water Potamogeton species. Several floating leaved and emergent genera increased in relative abundance with eutrophication, notably Nuphar, Nymphaea, Phragmites, Polygonum, Sagittaria, Scirpus, and Typha. P. pectinatus was present over the entire century due to its tolerance of eutrophic conditions. Macrophyte growth was generally light-limited, with 93% of the variance in relative abundance of submergent species explained by changes in water transparency. Clear Lake exhibits signs of alternative stable states, oscillating between clear and turbid water, coupled with high and low submerged species relative abundance. The maximum macrophyte richness occurred as the lake oscillated between submergent- and emergent-dominated states. Changes in the water level have also impacted macrophyte growth since the area of the lake occupied by emergent macrophytes was negatively correlated with water level. Strongest correlations indicated that macrophytes respond to water level variations with a 2-year time-lag.
Preventive service delivery for children in a managed care environment: contrasts and lessons from Israel

This document describes the Israeli models of preventive health care delivery focusing on the incorporation of preventive health services into a regulated managed care approach. It also addresses the risks and advantages of such changes and provides recommendations on the direction of public health practice in the US and Israel. Preventive services in Israel are provided by the Ministry of Health or its designees through a system of mother and infant neighborhood clinics called Tipat Halav which are similar to public health clinics in the US. In assessing the exportability of programs on preventive health care such programs must be viewed in the context of societal and cultural perspective of the `importing country. In this regard this document demonstrates that the effective Israeli system of Tipat Halav could not likely be imported into the US successfully. Three factors account for this: the existing political imperatives/trends accepted patterns of care delivery and structure of managed care delivery. Hence it is recommended that the US must take deliberate steps to ensure that the changes of responsibility for preventive services must be handled appropriately. Moreover a new payment structure must be instituted to deliver such services to an increasing percentage of their enrollees.
Pioneers in Optics: Joseph Jackson Lister and Maksymilian Pluta

Though microscopes and telescopes had been invented in the late sixteenth century, various optical difficulties meant that the devices were more commonly considered novelties than useful scientific instruments for many years. Chief among these problems were aberrations in the images caused by optical errors from the lenses. Many scientists had attempted to rectify such difficulties, but the nineteenth-century amateur microscopist Joseph Jackson Lister is credited with making some of the most important advances toward correcting image aberrations and establishing the microscope as a powerful means of carrying out serious scientific investigations.
Constructing Your Own Textbook-Specific Study Skills Inventory.

Abstract Too often it is assumed that a student who can read well can handle his textbook well as a tool, also. Scores on reading tests do not correlate highly with scores on study skills tests. It is, therefore, important for a content area teacher to construct and administer a textbook‐specific study skills inventory. This article includes directions for constructing and administering a textbook‐specific study skills inventory and suggestions for teaching those skills when students reveal particular weaknesses.