cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Key Residues Responsible for Acyl Carrier Protein and β-Ketoacyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (FabG) Interaction

Fatty acid synthesis in bacteria is catalyzed by a set of individual enzymes collectively known as type II fatty-acid synthase. Each enzyme interacts with acyl carrier protein (ACP), which shuttles the pathway intermediates between the proteins. The type II enzymes do not possess primary sequence similarity that defines a common ACP-binding site, but rather are hypothesized to possess an electropositive/hydrophobic surface feature that interacts with the electronegative/hydrophobic residues along helix α2 of ACP (Zhang, Y.-M., Marrakchi, H., White, S. W., and Rock, C. O. (2003) J. Lipid Res. 44, 1-10). We tested this hypothesis by mutating two surface residues, Arg-129 and Arg-172, located in a hydrophobic patch adjacent to the active site entrance on β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (FabG). Enzymatic analysis showed that the mutant enzymes were compromised in their ability to utilize ACP thioester substrates but were fully active in assays with a substrate analog. Direct binding assays and competitive inhibition experiments showed that the FabG mutant proteins had reduced affinities for ACP. Chemical shift perturbation protein NMR experiments showed that FabG-ACP interactions occurred along the length of ACP helix α2 and extended into the adjacent loop-2 region to involve Ile-54. These data confirm a role for the highly conserved electronegative/hydrophobic residues along ACP helix α2 in recognizing a constellation of Arg residues embedded in a hydrophobic patch on the surface of its partner enzymes, and reveal a role for the loop-2 region in the conformational change associated with ACP binding. The specific FabG-ACP interactions involve the most conserved ACP residues, which accounts for the ability of ACPs and the type II proteins from different species to function interchangeably.
Enzyme induction in the housefly: the specificity of the cyclodiene insecticides

Abstract Eleven cyclodiene compounds, including the insecticides aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, and endrin, were compared as inducers of microsomal oxidases in a cyclodieneresistant strain of the housefly. All of the compounds except dihydroisodrin caused increases in enzyme activity. The epoxide members of the group appeared to be more effective inducers than their olefin precursors. Isodrin and endrin were effective at approximately 1 300 th the dose of the other compounds tested although neither compound enhanced enzyme activity as much as the others in the group. The maximum increase in enzyme activity was approximately 100% for aldrin and about 30% for isodrin and endrin. There was no additive effect when each of the compounds was combined with dieldrin in the induction treatments. In addition to microsomal epoxidation and hydroxylation, O-demethylation was enhanced by the cyclodiene treatments. Furthermore, DDT dehydrochlorinase, a nonmicrosomal enzyme, was increased as much as 137% by the treatments. The results indicate that within this group of compounds there are some structural requirements for activity but that the overall effect on enzyme activity is rather nonspecific.
Migraine in gulf war illness and chronic fatigue syndrome: prevalence, potential mechanisms, and evaluation

Objective: To assess the prevalence of headache subtypes in Gulf War Illness and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome compared to controls. Background: Migraines are reported in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Approximately, 25% of the military personnel who served in the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War have developed Gulf War Illness (GWI). Symptoms in GWI share considerable overlap with CFS, including headache complaints. The type and prevalence of headaches in GWI have not been adequately assessed. Methods: 50 GWI, 39 CFS and 45 controls were examined. Participants had structured headache evaluations based on the 2004 International Headache Society criteria. All subjects had history and physical examinations, measurements of systemic hyperalgesia (dolorimetry), assessments for exclusionary indicators, fatigue and symptom related questionnaires. Results: Migraines were detected in 64% of GWI (odds ratio, 11.6, [±95% CI, 4.1 to 32.5]) and 82% of CFS subjects (odds ratio, 22.5, [±95% CI, 7.8 to 64.8]) compared to only 13% of controls. There was a predominance of females in the CFS compared to GWI and controls. However, gender did not influence migraine status (x2= 2.7; P = 0.101). Measures of fatigue, pain, and other ancillary criteria were comparable between GWI and CFS subjects with and without headache. Conclusion: Results validate previous findings of migraine in CFS and confirms similar increased prevalence in GWI compared to controls. This suggests GWI and CFS subjects share pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie migraine attacks and contribute to the extensive overlap of symptom constructs and disease pathophysiology. The high migraine prevalence warrants the inclusion of a structured headache evaluation that coincides with clinical assessments of GWI and CFS diagnosis.
Ground-state structure and stability of dipolar condensates in anisotropic traps

We study the Hartree ground state of a dipolar condensate of atoms or molecules in a three-dimensional anisotropic geometry and at T=0. We determine the stability of the condensate as a function of the aspect ratios of the trap frequencies and of the dipolar strength. We find numerically a rich phase space structure characterized by various structures of the ground-state density profile.
Irradiance dependence of photobleaching of resorufin

Abstract Resorufin is a fluorescent reporter molecule, the end product in a variety of biochemical analyses. In such assays, excitation sources with high intensity are desirable for fast and precise results. However, high intensity sources bleach resorufin. We report quantitative bleaching rates for resorufin subjected to green excitation over an irradiance range of 5 to about 600 mW/cm2.
Mean Free Path of Penetrating Shower Producers

The collision mean free path has been measured in carbon and in lead for both neutral and charged particles capable of producing penetrating showers. The results are practically equal for the neutral and charged particles, and average 160\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in lead, and 81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}5 g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in carbon. The indicated cross section in carbon is significantly less than the geometric cross section. The ratio of neutral to charged primaries was found, after correction, to be 0.84\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.13.
A TeNaCious Foundation for the Metastatic Niche

In the July issue of Nature Medicine, Massague and colleagues define a biphasic role for the extracellular matrix protein tenascin C as a metastatic niche component in lung colonization by breast cancer cells. These results provide a rationale for designing therapies targeting metastatic progression by disrupting its very foundations.
The prediction of biochemical acid dissociation constants using first principles quantum chemical simulations

Abstract Proton transfer is a vital part of many chemical processes and is determined by the acid dissociation constants (p K a ) of the chemicals involved. The goal of this study is to evaluate existing quantum chemical methods to accurately predict p K a and to determine the trade-off between accuracy and computational cost. We used density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and two basis sets, 6-31G ∗∗ and 6-31++G(3df,3pd). To include the effects of aqueous solvation, we used DFT combined with a polarizable continuum solvation model as well as the Langevin dipole model. Using largest basis set and aqueous-phase optimized structures, we find a strong linear relationship between the predicted and calculated p K a ’s R 2 =0.94 and even stronger fits within the individual classes of compounds. Despite these strong linear correlations, we find a systematic error leading to a much larger range in the predicted pK a values. We studied the effect of excluding the enthalpy and entropy terms, using the gas-phase optimized structures, and using a smaller basis set, and found in all cases no significant decrease in the accuracy of the predicted p K a values. We also calculated the p K a values from the gas-phase energies, excluding any solvation effects, and also found a strong linear relation with the experimental p K a values, although with much larger systematic errors in the range of predicted p K a values. Finally, we found that the Langevin dipole method yielded p K a values with smaller absolute errors than the PCM methods, but yielded poorer linear fits to the experimental values.
Crystalline cellulose elastic modulus predicted by atomistic models of uniform deformation and nanoscale indentation

The elastic modulus of cellulose Iβ in the axial and transverse directions was obtained from atomistic simulations using both the standard uniform deformation approach and a complementary approach based on nanoscale indentation. This allowed comparisons between the methods and closer connectivity to experimental measurement techniques. A reactive force field was used that explicitly describes hydrogen bond, coulombic and van der Waals interactions, allowing each contribution to the inter- and intra-molecular forces to be analyzed as a function of crystallographic direction. The uniform deformation studies showed that the forces dominating elastic behavior differed in the axial and transverse directions because of the relationship between the direction of the applied strain and the hydrogen bonding planes. Simulations of nanoscale indentation were then introduced to model the interaction between a hemispherical indenter with the \((1\bar{1}0)\) surface of a cellulose Iβ rod. The role of indenter size, loading force and indentation speed on the transverse elastic modulus was studied and, for optimized parameters, the results found to be in good agreement with experimentally-measured transverse elastic modulus for individual cellulose crystals.
Possible mode of action of a photosynthetic inhibitor produced byPandorina morum

The mode of action of the photosynthetic inhibitor produced byPandorina morum was examined by exposingVolvox globator and isolated spinach chloroplasts to a partially purified inhibitor preparation. Oxygen evolution ofVolvox, whole chloroplasts, and broken chloroplasts (-Calvin cycle) was reduced indicating that the substances inhibit the light reactions of photosynthesis. Oxygen evolution studies of other Volvocaceae confirmed the observation thatPandorina morum is not significantly influenced by its own inhibitor. Molecular weight approximation by gel filtration established that the inhibitor has a low, molecular weight (probably below 100 mw).
Space Analyticity for the Navier–Stokes and Related Equations with Initial Data inLp

Abstract We introduce a method of estimating the space analyticity radius of solutions for the Navier–Stokes and related equations in terms of L p and L ∞ norms of the initial data. The method enables us to express the space analyticity radius for 3D Navier–Stokes equations in terms of the Reynolds number of the flow. Also, for the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, we give a partial answer to a conjecture that the radius of space analyticity on the attractor is independent of the spatial period.
Accurate and efficient method of jitter and noise separation and its application to ADC testing

Jitter is a crucial factor in high speed and high performance ADC testing. This paper proposes an efficient and accurate jitter estimation method based on one frequency measurement. Applying simple mathematical processing to the ADC output in time domain, the RMS of jitter and noise power are obtained. Furthermore, prior information of harmonics does not need to know before the processing. The algorithm is robust enough that non-harmonic spurs does not affect the estimation result. Using the proposed algorithm, specifications of SNR and ENOB of the ADC under test can be obtained without jitter effect. Simulation results of ADCs with different resolutions show the functionality and accuracy of the method.
Mathematical analysis and digital simulation of the control of erythropoiesis

A mathematical model is presented which represents the control system for erythropoiesis. In the model, it is postulated that the rate of erythropoiesis is controlled by a hormone, erythropoietin, which is released from the kidney in response to reduced renal oxygen supply. Equations are developed which relate erythropoietin release to arterial oxyhemoglobin concentration, and hemoglobin production to plasma erythropoietin concentration, with appropriate time delays. Effects of changes in plasma volume during hypoxia are included. The model is used with a digital computer to simulate the dynamic response of the erythropoietic system to a step decrease in the po2 of inspired air. The response of the model compares favorably with experimental data obtained from
Lithium-Assisted Self-Assembly of Aluminum Carbide Nanowires and Nanoribbons

We report on the synthesis and self-assembly of Al4C3 nanowires and nanoribbons using lithium as a catalyst. Large quantities of Al4C3 nanowires (diameters from 5 to 70 nm) and nanoribbons (5-70 nm thick and 20-5600 nm wide) tens of micrometers long were synthesized serendipitously in a solid-state reaction involving Al/C/Li at less than 780 degrees Celsius. High-resolution electron microscopy revealed that the nanowires all grew along the c-axis of hexagonal Al4C3, whereas the nanoribbons all grew within the basal plane. The facile synthesis of the Al4C3 nanowires and nanoribbons suggest similar nanostructures of other carbide and nitride materials may be made using the lithium-assisted self-assembly process.
Light and scanning electron microscopic observations of the eggs, daughter rediae, cercariae, and encysted metacercariae of Echinostoma trivolvis and E. caproni

Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine interspecific differences between various larval stages of 2 allopatric species of 37-collar-spined echinostomes,Echinostoma caproni andE. trivolvis. The abopercular and embryo diameters of the eggs ofE. trivolvis were significantly different from those ofE. caproni. The abopercular knobs ofE. caproni andE. trivolvis have shallow and deep infoldings in the eggshells, respectively. Interspecific differences were noted in the tegument, tegumentary papillae, and spherical bodies around the mouth and in the papilliform process of the two rediae. The cercaria ofE. caproni has one ventral tail fin-fold, whereas that ofE. trivolvis has two; both species have two dorsal tail fin-folds. The outer metacercarial cyst diameter ofE. caproni was significantly greater than that ofE. trivolvis. E. caproni has a smoother outer cyst wall than doesE. trivolvis.
Dynamic labor contracts with temporary layoffs and permanent separations

We study the implications of optimal dynamic contracts in private information environments for fluctuations in effort and employment across time and productivity states. To this end, we incorporate temporary layoffs and permanent separations as well as on-the-job effort variations into a dynamic model of moral hazard. We consider two different “commitment” environments. In a “full commitment” environment, although the firm can temporarily lay a worker off, neither party can dissolve the contractual relationship once it has been initiated. On the other hand, in a “limited commitment” environment, both parties can dissolve the relationship at the beginning of any period in order to pursue an outside option.
Bond strength of cements to nickel-chromium and silver-palladium alloys

Abstract The bonding of zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and reinforced ZOE cements to nickel-chromium and silver-palladium alloys was measured by cementing flat surfaces of the metals together. Polycarboxylate cement produced higher bond strengths than the other two cements to both metals. Polycarboxylate cement bonded better to nickel-chromium alloys than to a silver-palladium alloy. Zinc phosphate and reinforced ZOE cements had similar bond strengths except for Biobond, to which zinc phosphate cement provided higher bond strength. Polycarboxylate cement failed cohesively to both types of metals, and zinc phosphate and reinforced ZOE cements failed adhesively.
Effect of Probe-Conjugate Delay on the Spectrum of Squeezed Light

We use a four-wave mixing process to generate relative-intensity squeezing. We are able to significantly modify the squeezing spectrum by controlling the relative delay between the probe and conjugate beams.
The Class B Scavenger Receptors SR-BI and CD36 Are Receptors for Anionic Phospholipids

The specific recognition of anionic phospholipids in the outer leaflets of cell membranes and lipoproteins by cell surface receptors may play an important role in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes (e.g. recognition of damaged or senescent cells by the reticuloendothelial system or lipoprotein homeostasis). Several investigators have described anionic phospholipid binding to cells, and phosphatidylserine (PS) binding to a partially purified approximately 95-kDa membrane protein has recently been reported (Sambrano, G.R., and Steinberg, D. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 1396-1400). Using both direct binding and ligand competition assays in transfected cells, we have found that two class B scavenger receptors, SR-BI and CD36, can tightly bind PS and phosphatidylinositol (PI)-containing liposomes (Kd for PS liposome binding to SR-BI is approximately 15 micrograms phospholipid/ml or 0.18 nM (mol PS liposomes/l), but not phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or sphingomyelin liposomes. PS and PI liposomes, but not the others, could effectively compete with PS liposomes and modified or native lipoproteins for binding to these receptors. Phosphatidic acid, another anionic phospholipid, could also compete, but was not as effective as PS or PI. Class B scavenger receptors are the first molecularly well-defined, specific cell surface receptors for anionic phospholipids to be described.
The interplay between risk attitudes and low probability, high cost outcomes in climate policy analysis

Assessing the value of climate change mitigation requires an analysis framework that can account for society's attitude toward the risk of uncertain outcomes, especially those with low probability and high cost. For largely historical and computational reasons, this issue has not been adequately addressed by previous climate policy analyses. Using a novel stochastic version of a tractable global climate model, we demonstrate the importance of this shortcoming by showing how low probability, high cost outcomes interact strongly with risk attitudes to shape the results of quantitative analysis. Our results indicate that the relatively high levels of risk aversion implied by global investment behavior suggest that the large downside risk of economic catastrophe should weigh more heavily in policy consideration than the risk of over-mitigation. Further, this qualitative conclusion is robust to the particular specification of uncertainties concerning climate sensitivity and resultant economic damages. This conclusion is at odds with previous analyses that either assume low levels of risk aversion or employ numerical methods that underestimate disaster probabilities and therefore imply that the risk of over-mitigation should be of primary concern. This divergence suggests that more attention should be paid to the specification of risk attitudes and risk exposure in climate policy analysis.
Incorporation of negative regions in a knowledge-based computer-aided detection scheme

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of incorporating negative but suspicious regions into a knowledge-based computer-aided detection (CAD) scheme of masses depicted in mammograms. To determine if a suspicious region is positive for a mass, the region was compared not only with actually positive regions (masses), but also with known negative regions. A set of quantitative measures (i.e., a positive, a negative, and a combined likelihood measure) was computed. In addition, a process was developed to integrate two likelihood measures that were derived using two selected features. An initial evaluation with 300 positive and 300 negative regions was performed to determine the parameters associated with the likelihood measures. Then, an independent set of 500 positive and 500 negative regions was used to test the performance of the CAD scheme. During the training phase, the performance was improved from Az=0.83 to 0.87 with the incorporation of negative regions and the integration process. During the independent test, the performance was improved from Az=0.80 to 0.83. The incorporation of negative regions and the integration process was found to add information to the scheme. Hence, it may offer a relatively robust solution to differentiate masses from normal tissue in mammograms.
Publishing requires much more than desktop publishing systems

What constitutes a good publication? A money-making organization might examine the amount of paid subscribers to find out. Certainly, regular reader feedback is a good indication, too. But in an academic environment, the basis for decisions must be different since the goal is not generally a money-making one, nor is the readership always vocal.During the summer of 1986, the University Computing publications staff at UH, undertook the major task of totally redesigning publications scheme. This overhaul was implemented in several phases: analysis of current methods from distribution to audience; analysis of methods desired—taking into consideration budget restraints and available equipment; correlation of this information into a presentation for the Vice President for Computing; and implementation of the final, approved plan.Certainly a factor involved with creating the initial momentum for our changes was the popularity of desktop publishing systems, which was readily available for University Computing publications department use. Other events also contributed to keeping the momentum going for the 'research and development' of new computing publications. These factors included an interest in increased visibility and publicity (this expressed by the vice president for computing), and publications staff was not pleased with the distribution and content of publications, and a desire to upgrade, centralize, and professionalize production. We opted to look at the big picture, not just to improve the aesthetics of the publications.The result was the culmination of many person-hours worth of work studying and refining the numerous ideas for new publications. The outcome was the elimination of one publication, the birth of a quarterly journal, a total revision of the computing newsletter, and extended support of online bulletins.
Interactions between carriers and LO phonons in bulk p-GaSb and p-InSb: Raman interference lineshapes

Abstract Coherent interaction between single-particle excitations of carriers located near Γ and large wavevector LO phonons results in a Fanotype Raman lineshape when the incident photon energy is resonant with the E1 or E1 + Δ1 energy gaps of heavily doped p-GaSb and p-InSb. The present results are simpler to interpret than our previous data on lightly doped samples which involve interactions between carriers confined within the surface accumulation layer and extended bulk phonons.
On the Cost of Economic Rights in the United States

I estimate that respecting economic rights in the United States would have added $123 billion to the federal budget in 2006 and $308 billion in 2009. In 2006, the additional benefit to crime reduction would have been $3 billion, while the additional benefits to states would have totaled $30 billion. The federal net cost estimates are qualitatively similar to those of Harvey (1989), despite our different assumptions. Importantly, I assume that a government employment program would add a new federal bureaucracy with 2.3 million administrative workers. A government employment program would have increased the federal budget by 4.6% in 2006, but if the cost of civil and political rights can be represented by total government outlays on defense and protection, then the additional cost of protecting economic rights would have been only 13.8% of their more famous siblings.
Abrogation of Cbl–PI3K Interaction Increases Bone Formation and Osteoblast Proliferation

Cbl is an adaptor protein and E3 ligase that plays both positive and negative roles in several signaling pathways that affect various cellular functions. Tyrosine 737 is unique to Cbl and phosphorylated by Src family kinases. Phosphorylated CblY737 creates a binding site for the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) that also plays an important role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. To investigate the role of Cbl–PI3K interaction in bone homeostasis, we examined knock-in mice in which the PI3K binding site on Cbl was ablated due to the substitution of tyrosine 737 to phenylalanine (CblYF/YF, YF mice). We previously reported that bone volume in these mice is increased due to decreased osteoclast function (Adapala et al., J Biol Chem 285:36745–36758, 19). Here, we report that YF mice also have increased bone formation and osteoblast numbers. In ex vivo cultures bone marrow-derived YF osteoblasts showed increased Col1A expression and their proliferation was also significantly augmented. Moreover, proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was increased after treatment with conditioned medium generated by culturing YF bone marrow stromal cells. Expression of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) was increased in YF bone marrow stromal cells compared to wild type. Increased immunostaining of SDF-1 and CXCR4 was observed in YF bone marrow stromal cells compared to wild type. Treatment of YF condition medium with neutralizing anti-SDF-1 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies attenuated MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation. Cumulatively, these results show that abrogation of Cbl–PI3K interaction perturbs bone homeostasis, affecting both osteoclast function and osteoblast proliferation.
An fNIR based BMI for letter construction using continuous control

A long term goal of assistive technology research is to build creative expression applications where subjects can extemporaneously express themselves. Sketch drawing is one form of creative expression. In this work, we demonstrate the usability of a brain-machine interface (BMI) for expression using a letter drawing task. We describe empirical results that represent a first step toward assistive applications for creative expression.
Why direction-giving is hard: the complexity of using landmarks in one-dimensional navigation

The authors outline a formal model of topological navigation in one-dimensional spaces such as single roads. They formally define the concepts of direction giving and of custom map, as well as some specifications for feature detector models, including the idea of sensor synchronicity. The representations necessary to model and make use of differences between the world itself, the world as perceived by the map maker, and the world as experienced by the navigator are discussed. The difficulty of giving precise meaning to what is meant by a 'good' map is shown, and an operational definition of what is meant by a 'landmark' is given: regardless of starting position, any custom map can attain a landmark with but a single direction. It is shown that even in the simplest case, NP-complete problems arise in the efficient selection and sequencing of sensor modalities, even while attempting to navigate from one single object to another. A heuristic is provided that appears reasonable for map creation, and examples are given of several very different maps, each of which is optimal under eight reasonable criteria. >
T-cell receptors generated via mutations are specific for various major histocompatibility antigens

Abstract T cells that are positively selected in ontogeny could give rise to somatic mutants with new reactivities. Hence, somatic generation of diversity via mutations could be a source of expansion for the T-cell repertoire. To test this idea we searched among the progenies of an E d α E d β -specific T-cell hybridoma for mutant clones capable of recognizing MHC antigens of a different haplotype. We isolated clones in which the original reactivity to E d α E d β diminished substantially or disappeared, while new specificities (for A b α A b β and/or A k α A k β ) were detected. In both α and β subunits of receptors isolated from these T-hybrid clones, structural differences were observed using IEF, NEPHGE, and two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps. Thus changes in MHC specificity occurred via mutations affecting the T-cell receptor structure.
ABORTION AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN COLLEGE WOMEN

Twenty single young college women were studied regarding their abortion experiences and post-abortion reactions. Nineteen had no appreciable psychological after-effects during an average follow-up of seven months. Untoward physical effects were negligible. Over 70% were not using any birth control method, despite knowledge and availability of contraception services. Failure to use contraception appears due to a “conspiracy of silence” regarding sexual behavior, on the part of these young women.
Television and the Crisis in the Humanities.

It is indeed a problem, perhaps even a crisis, that many Americans are igrorant of "The Tempest," the Civil War, the location of the Persian Gulf, the Constitution, or the chief justice of the Supreme Court. However, if conservative humanists continue to ostracize, scorn, and ignore both media studies and the media themselves, the result will not be a return to the good old days when people read Homer and listened to Bach, but an even darker veil of ignorance, fostered for economic and political purposes by the very media that some humanists do not wish to understand. The crisis rhetoric of conservatives has about it the ring of both Chicken Little &nd of Nero fiddling. They emphasize "cultural literacy" while overlooking actual literacy. The problem of student illiteracy is a chronic problem with a lung history, rather than a crisis. But the conservatives ignore real problems that have better claim to the word "crisis" than do such conservative worries as political correctness, radical professors, and the inability of students to quote Shakespeare. Conservative critics are also concerned with free speech issues, yet would deny academic freedom to scholars who disagree with them. They ridicule humanistic inquiry into music video, television, popular music, and film, condemning media studies and the academic freedom required to conduct such studies. Conservative critics' mistaken understanding of television and its history underscores the need for more, not less, media study. If the humanities have no use for the media, the globally monopolized media are certainly not going to have any use for the humanities. (Thirty-eight notes are inrauded.) (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Trisomy 8 in human hematologic neoplasia and the c-myc and c-mos oncogenes

The c-mos and c-myc proto-oncogenes have been assigned to bands q22 and q24, respectively, of human chromosome No. 8. A gain of chromosome No. 8 is the most common abnormality observed in myeloproliferative diseases. By using probes specific for the c-mos and c-myc genes, we have analysed the genomic DNA from peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 15 patients with various malignant myeloid diseases, including leukemia and myelodysplasia, and from one patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cell all of whom have trisomy for chromosome No. 8. Except for one patient, the c-mos and c-myc genes were found in restriction fragments of germline size. In one patient with myelodysplasia, one c-myc allele was rearranged in a Hind III fragment, the other allele being normal. Thus, trisomy 8 associated with human hematologic neoplasia is generally not related to gross rearrangements of the c-mos or c-myc genes.
Uphill diffusion in YBa2Cu3O7-δ thick film on Al2O3 substrate

Observation des pics de concentration distincts apres le recuit. Les donnees quantitatives sont obtenues par microscopie electronique analytique. La diffusion semble affecter la stabilite de la couche supraconductrice
Hybrid Regular Expression Matching for Deep Packet Inspection on Multi-Core Architecture

Many network security applications in today's net- works are based on deep packet inspection, checking not only the header portion but also the payload portion of a packet. For example, traffic monitoring, layer-7 filtering, and network intrusion detection all require an accurate analysis of packet content in search for predefined patterns to identify specific classes of applications, viruses, attack signatures, etc. Regular expressions are often used to represent such patterns. They are implemented using finite automata, which take the payload of a packet as an input string. However, existing approaches, both non-deterministic finite automata (NFA) and deterministic finite automata (DFA), have limitations; NFAs have excessive time complexity while DFAs have excessive space complexity. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for regular expression matching to implement deep packet inspection on multi-core architecture. A regular expression is split into NFA- friendly components and DFA-friendly components, which are then assigned to different cores. This hybrid method combines the merits of NFA and DFA implementations, and efficiently takes advantage of multi-core architecture. We evaluate our algorithm using rule sets provided by Snort, a popular open- source intrusion detection system. The simulation results show that our approach outperforms existing NFA/DFA and hybrid approaches. Furthermore, our algorithm performs well on the important issues on multi-core architecture design, such as load balancing, data locality and communication between cores. I. INTRODUCTION
A renormalization method for the Chapman-Enskog expansion

Abstract This paper introduces a procedure for rewriting the well-known Chapman-Enskog expansion used in the kinetic theory of gases. The usual Chapman-Enskog procedure will exhibit instability of the rest state for some finite truncations of the expansion. The rewritten (renormalized) expansion eliminates truncation instabilities and suggests a method for summation of the expansion as a nonlocal (generally nonlinear) operator in space.
Sasa-Satsuma Equation, Unstable Plane Waves and Heteroclinic Connections

Abstract The Sasa-Satsuma equation is an integrable perturbation of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation which models the effects of third-order dispersion, self-steepening and stimulated Raman scattering in the propagation of ultra-fast pulses in optical fiber transmission systems. The heteroclinic connections of the unstable plane waves are explicitly constructed using an auto-Backlund transformation obtained from inverse spectral theory. The modulus of the heteroclinic connection can have either a single peak or a double peak, depending on the amplitude of the unstable plane wave, even when only one unstable positive wavenumber is present.
Isolation and partial characterization of neuropeptides that mimic prolonged inhibition produced by bag cell neurons in Aplysia.

The bag cell neurons of the marine mollusk Aplysia are part of a neural system that utilizes four neuropeptides as neurotansmitters. The peptides, derived from the egglaying hormone/bag cell peptide (ELH/BCP) precursor protein, are released during a 20-min burst discharge of the bag cells and produce several types of responses in various abdominal ganglion neurons. In the identified neurons L3 and L6, bag cell activity produces prolonged inhibition that lasts for more than 2 h. One of the bag cell peptides, alpha-BCP, mediates an early component of the inhibition in these neurons. To identify the co-transmitter mediating the prolonged component of inhibition, we purified material from an acid extract of abdominal ganglia using molecular sizing high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) on TSK 250-125 followed by two steps of reverse-phase HPLC on C4 or C18. We isolated three inhibitory factors that mimic the prolonged component of inhibition. Mass spectroscopy and partial amino acid sequence analysis indicate one factor is ELH [2-36], that is, ELH that lacks the first, N-terminal amino acid. This inhibitory activity was similar in potency to that of ELH and is the first to be described for an ELH related peptide. The two other factors were approximately 3,300 and 4,700 Da and were effective at 10- and 50-fold lower concentration, respectively, than ELH or its fragment. Amino acid composition analysis suggests that they are not derived from the ELH/BCP precursor protein. The 4,700 Da factor is effective at the lowest concentration and produces an effect that lasts as long as 100 min. Therefore, it is the best candidate for the true inhibitory transmitter. Because the inhibited neurons in nervate the kidney, the function of prolonged inhibition may be to regulate kidney function during egg laying.
Protection of recent extraction sites when fabricating immediate acrylic interim fixed restorations

Protection of all soft tissues is an early and integral component of the total treatment plan involving any dental restoration. A procedure is presented to provide protection of recent extraction sites by using adhesive Burlew foil when making an immediate fixed restoration. The foil provides protection, at the extraction site, from both mechanical and chemical irritation.
The Effects of Teacher Immediacy, Use of Organizational Lecture Cues, and Students' Notetaking on Cognitive Learning.

This experiment used scripted, videotaped lectures to test the effects of teacher immediacy (high vs. low), use of organizational cues (with cues vs. no cues) and student notetaking (took notes vs. no notes) on students’ cognitive learning. Results indicated that learning immediately after viewing a lecture is greater when the lecture contains organizational cues and students take notes. Also, delayed retention is greater when students take notes and view lectures containing organizational cues and immediate behaviors.
Synthesis of [7-3H]-3β, 16β-dihydoxy-5-androsten-17-one

A method has been described for the synthesis of tritiated [7-3H]-3β,16β-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one of high specific activity starting from [7-3H]-5-androsten-17-one. The identity of the radioactive steroid was established by thin layer chromato-graphy, gas chromatography and gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy. The radiolabelled steroid may be used to study its disposition and metabolism in experimental animals and also to further investigate the potential role of 3β,16β-dihydroxy-5-androsten-17-one in patients with low renin essential hypertension.
The Development of a Microstructural-Based Continuum Model for Hot Mix Asphalt

Permanent deformation is one of the primary distresses in hot mix asphalt (HMA). It is influenced by the properties of the mix constituents including microstructural features such as aggregate directional distribution (anisotropy), and damage. Conventional continuum constitutive models do not explicitly consider the influence of microstructure distribution on the macroscopic response. The main objective of this paper is to develop an elasto-visco-plastic continuum model that accounts for aggregate directional distribution and damage. This is accomplished by modifying the Drucker-Prager yield function to account for these microstructural features. This yield function is incorporated into Perzyna's viscoplastic flow function. The model is implemented in finite element (FE) using an implicit numerical integration algorithm FE analysis is conducted to study the influence of key factors such as anisotropy and damage on the model response. In addition, the FE model is used to simulate the response of HMA to compressive and extension triaxial tests at different loading rates and confining pressures, and the numerical results are compared to experimental measurements.
Evaluation of Polymeric Materials III: In Vitro and In Vivo Testing of Granules Coated with the n-Butyl Half Ester of Poly (Methyl Vinyl Ether)/Maleic Anhydride

A sustained-action dosage from was developed in which film coated granules designed for independent distribution in the stomach were compressed into tablets for subsequent release in an intact condition upon disintegration of the tablet. The polymeric coating developed contained the n -butyl half ester of poly (methyl vinyl ether)/maleic anhydride, diethylphthalate, sorbitan monooleate, and precipitated calcium carbonate. The polymeric coating was applied to medicinally active granules of d -amphetamine sulfate which were assayed by in vitro and in vivo methods for drug release. The administration of the coated granules to a series of rats produced a statistically significant duration of action of 11.5 hours as compared to 7 hours for the uncoated granules. The coated granules were tableted utilizing polyethylene glycol 6000 as the matrix. The tablets of coated granules continued to produce increased motor activity in the test animals after 12 hours, while the tablets of uncoated granules showed no increased activity after 7.5 hours.
Microlensing of Quasars by Stars in Their Damped Lyα Absorbers

The damped Ly? absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra are believed to be the progenitors of present-day disk galaxies. We examine the probability for microlensing of background quasars by stars in their DLAs. Microlensing by an individual star should magnify the continuum but not the broad emission lines of the quasars. Consequently, the equivalent width distribution of microlensed quasars would be distorted. We model a representative spiral galaxy as a closed system composed of a bulge, a disk, and a halo, and we evolve the mass fraction of stars in the disk based on the observed metallicity of DLAs at high redshifts. The microlensing signatures are stronger if the halo of the galaxy is made of massive compact halo objects (MACHOs). In this case, the distortion imprinted by microlensing on the equivalent width distribution of quasar emission lines can be detected with high significance in a sample of ~10 DLAs with H I column densities N 1021 cm-2 and absorption redshifts zabs 1. About one-tenth of all quasars with DLAs (N 1020 cm-2) might show excess variability on timescales shorter than 5 yr. A search for these signals would complement microlensing searches in local galaxies and calibrate the MACHO mass fraction in galactic halos at high redshifts.
Powerful techniques at work

Affinity Chromatography: A Practical Approach. Edited by P.D.G. Dean, W.S. Johnson and F.A. Middle. IRL Press: 1985. Pp.215. Pbk 1l, 20. Affinity Chromatography: Template Chromatography of Nucleic Acids and Proteins. by Herbert Schott. Dekker: 1985. Pp.234. 49.50.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms: Analysis of Ligand Binding and Hormone Responsiveness in Cultured Skin Fibroblasts

Abstract Recent reports have suggested that polymorphisms in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR) determine a portion of the genetic contribution to bone mineral density (BMD). Individuals homozygous for the allele lacking the Bsm I restriction site in the intron between exons 8 and 9 (BB genotype) have been found to have lower BMD than individuals homozygous for the allele having the Bsm I site (bb genotype). Interestingly, this polymorphism has also been associated with prostate cancer risk. The observed changes in BMD and prostate cancer risk might be due to an alteration in the function or abundance of the VDR leading to differential responsiveness of target cells to the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ]. To test this hypothesis, we cultured dermal fibroblasts from donors with BB, Bb, and bb genotypes and determined the level of VDR expression and the cellular responsiveness to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 treatment. VDR abundance, affinity for [ 3 H]1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , and VDR mRNA levels were not detectably different in BB cells compared to bb cells. Moreover, equal expression of both VDR gene alleles was detected by reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on mRNA from Bb fibroblasts. Fibroblast responsiveness to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , assessed by induction of 24-hydroxylase mRNA, was similar between BB and bb cell types in dose-response experiments. Although there were individual variations in the parameters we measured, there were no detectable or consistent differences in mean values from our small sample of cultured dermal fibroblasts. In conclusion, we did not detect significant differences in VDR properties or cellular responsiveness to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 that correlated with VDR genotype. Our findings suggest that these polymorphisms do not affect VDR function, but rather may be a marker for a nearby gene that is responsible for the genotype-associated variation in osteoporosis and prostate cancer risk.
Niacin improves renal lipid metabolism and slows progression in chronic kidney disease.

Abstract Background Mounting evidence points to lipid accumulation in the diseased kidney and its contribution to progression of nephropathy. We recently found heavy lipid accumulation and marked dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the remnant kidneys of rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Present study sought to determine efficacy of niacin supplementation on renal tissue lipid metabolism in CRF. Methods Kidney function, lipid content, and expression of molecules involved in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism were determined in untreated CRF (5/6 nephrectomized), niacin-treated CRF (50 mg/kg/day in drinking water for 12 weeks) and control rats. Results CRF resulted in hypertension, proteinuria, renal tissue lipid accumulation, up-regulation of scavenger receptor A1 (SR-A1), acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1), carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), liver X receptor (LXR), ATP binding cassette (ABC) A-1, ABCG-1, and SR-B1 and down-regulation of sterol responsive element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), SREBP-2, HMG-CoA reductase, PPAR-α, fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), and CPT1A. Niacin therapy attenuated hypertension, proteinuria, and tubulo-interstitial injury, reduced renal tissue lipids, CD36, ChREBP, LXR, ABCA-1, ABCG-1, and SR-B1 abundance and raised PPAR-α and L-FABP. Conclusions and general significance Niacin administration improves renal tissue lipid metabolism and renal function and structure in experimental CRF.
Genetic map of the region around grizzled (gr) and mocha (mh) on mouse chromosome 10, homologous to human 19p13.3.

Grizzled (gr) is a recessive mouse mutation resulting in a gray coat color and reduced perinatal viability. Mocha (mh) is one of several recessive mouse mutants characterized by platelet storage pool disorder, pigment abnormalities, reduced fertility, kidney function deficiencies, and, in some mutants, inner ear and natural killer cell deficiencies. Murine platelet storage pool deficient mutants may be models for Chediak-Higashi and Hermansky-Pudlak syndromes in humans. The genes for gr and mh are very closely linked to each other (0 {+-} 1.2 cM). However, their relative position with respect to molecular markers was previously unknown. Thus, genetic mapping of the gr locus will also yield information about the mh location. To map these two genes genetically, we have performed an intersubspecific backcross of grizzled mice with Mus musculus castaneus. In 539 progeny tested, we found no recombination between the gr gene, the gene for anti-Muellerian hormone (Amh), and the microsatellite markers D10Mit7, D10Mit21, and D10Mit23. One recombination event for each of the flanking markers Basigin (Bsg) and D10Mit22 was identified. These closely linked markers should provide entry points for positional cloning of the gr and mh genes. The region linked to grizzled is homologous to a gene-rich region on humanmore » Chromosome 19p13.3.« less