cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study of Inter-Relationship Between Transport Activities and G.N.P. for Various Countries

Abstract Transportation plays a major role in the economic structure of a country. As a first step in understanding the role of transportation activities in the economic development of a country, it is worthwhile to study the existing transportation activities in different countries and attempt to seek the inherent relationships which exist between G.N.P., transportation activities and relevant geographical characteristics of a country. This paper analyzes the data from 30 countries which include both developed and developing countries at various stages. Tools of multivariate analysis are used to seek various existing inter-relationships. These relationships suggest that G.N.P. per capita is a linear combination of the three factors. The regression coefficients are positive with first and third factors while negative with the second one. This analysis could be used as a tool for the developing countries in setting guidelines for various planning operations.
Spectrum availability prediction in cognitive aerospace communications: A deep learning perspective

Cognitive Radio (CR) technology enables secondary users (SUs) to opportunistically access unused licensed spectrum owned by the primary users (PUs). Therefore, it can potentially significantly enhance communication capacity, and hence is very encouraging in aerospace communications and deserve thorough study. One of the key problems in cognitive aerospace communications is to determine spectrum availability. In the past, many researchers have proposed to employ spectrum sensing to address this issue, which, however, consumes considerable energy and time. In this paper, we develop a deep learning system to predict spectrum availability, which does not require a priori knowledge of the activities of PUs. The performance of the proposed system is analyzed through extensive simulations.
Response time in mixed-critical pervasive systems

Pervasive computing systems at large scale rely on real-time scheduling on the top of distributed and networked computing environments. From an user experience perspective, while the requirements on the response time for specific applications might be different, the mixed-criticality in real-time scheduling, which provide diverse response time guarantee for applications, is often required. In this paper, we study the real-time scheduling problem in mixed-critical pervasive computing systems. We first analyze the response time requirements for common networked pervasive computing systems, and model the mixed-criticality using the minimum response time Quality-of-Service (QoS) that should be guaranteed even in the worst-case. Then, we propose to leverage Fixed-Priority Rate-Monotonic (FPRM) Scheduler for real-time scheduling. We evaluate FPRM using synthetic workloads generated according to the real-world pervasive computing systems. Both simulation experiments and worst-case analytical results show that, when sufficient resources are given, all pervasive computing tasks can be completed subject to the response time requirements strictly with mixed-criticality guarantees ensured.
Radiolytic formation of the carbon dioxide radical anion in acetonitrile revealed by transient IR spectroscopy

The solvated electron in CH3CN is scavenged by CO2 with a rate constant of 3.2 × 1010 M-1 s-1 to produce the carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2˙-), a strong and versatile reductant. Using pulse radiolysis with time-resolved IR detection, this radical is unambiguously identified by its absorption band at 1650 cm-1 corresponding to the antisymmetric CO2˙- stretch. This assignment is confirmed by 13C isotopic labelling experiments and DFT calculations. In neat CH3CN, CO2˙- decays on a ∼10 μs time scale via recombination with solvent-derived radicals (R˙) and solvated protons. Upon addition of formate (HCO2-), the radiation yield of CO2˙- is substantially increased due to H-atom abstraction by R˙ from HCO2- (R˙ + HCO2- → RH + CO2˙-), which occurs in two kinetically separated steps. The rapid step involves the stronger H-abstracting CN˙, CH3˙, and possibly, H˙ primary radicals, while the slower step is due to the less reactive, but more abundant radical, CH2CN˙. The removal of solvent radicals by HCO2- also results in over a hundredfold increase in the CO2˙- lifetime. CO2˙- scavenging experiments suggest that at 50 mM HCO2-, about 60% of the solvent-derived radicals are engaged in CO2˙- generation. Even under CO2 saturation, no formation of the radical adduct, (CO2)2˙-, could be detected on the microsecond time scale.
The Historical Sense-Structure of Symbolic Algebra

Cosgrove shows that the conceptual obstacles to the assimilation of algebra into mathematical physics were successfully overcome from the late seventeenth through the eighteenth century, yielding a new mathematical language for the science of physics and a new conception of nature inseparable from symbolic mathematics. He traces some salient features of this development, first in the received Greek mathematical tradition of Euclid and Diophantus and then in the writings of Vieta and Descartes, the principal architects of modern symbolic algebra in the seventeenth-century.
The Doubtful Phenomenon of Over-Constancy

Originally “over-constancy” meant the growth of matched size with distance, in contrast to invariance (constancy) or decrease (under-constancy). There are logical reasons for restoring this definition and distinguishing over-constancy from over-estimation, where matched size exceeds the physical size of the standard at one or several distances. Some studies cited as demonstrating over-constancy fail to show the functional relation between matched size and distance. Of eight studies that do show this relation, two demonstrate constancy without measuring it and an additional one presents a clear picture of growth in matched size with distance, whereas the other five either obtained constancy or found over-constancy only for some standards or over a limited range of distance. Still lacking are systematic studies of size-matching for a wide range of size over a wide range of distance. Meanwhile, on the evidence currently available, the existence of over-constancy remains in doubt.
Capricornis crispus (Japanese serow)

Skin biopsies from two males and one female gave comparable findings. They were made available by Mr. T. Ito, Japanese Serow Center, Gozaisho Mountain, Japan. One related species, C. sumatraensis is reported to have 46 chromosomes (2).
Security seals for safeguards

Security sealing systems for nuclear materials safeguards are based on tamper indicating and fingerprinted seals. The trend in fingerprinting development is based on random manufacturing process. A...
Frequency of Genetic Polymorphism: Implications for Mental Disease

The total number of genes occurring in the cells of higher animal organisms, such as man, is not accuratedly known. The figure most often quoted is 50,000, but this is no more than a slightly educated guess. The total amount of DNA contained in the nucleus would account for something like one hundred times that number of genes, but a large amount of the DNA, probably most of it, does not carry genetic information.
A randomized clinical trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation of sickle cell retinopathy. A long-term follow-up

Abstract Long-term follow-up of patients enrolled in a randomized prospective trial of feeder vessel photocoagulation for proliferative sickle retinopathy has been completed. Of the 44 patients enrolled in Chicago, nearly a decade followup has been achieved on 29 patients (45 eyes). There were 20 control untreated eyes and 25 argon laser-treated eyes. Prolonged loss of visual acuity was rare in both groups. Argon laser photocoagulation has had a sustained effect on reducing the incidence of vitreous hemorrhage and visual loss from vitreous hemorrhage. Nine (45%) of 20 control eyes had vitreous hemorrhage, and it was recurrent in six (66%) of these nine eyes. A single episode was the only hemorrhagic event in the treated eyes. The laser-induced complications of choroidal neovascularization or retinal detachment were not associated with longterm visual sequelae. New sea fan evolution in 47% of study eyes suggests that these patients require long-term surveillance.
In-situ mechanical investigation of the deformation of splat interfaces in cold-sprayed aluminum alloy

Abstract The mechanical properties of cold sprayed deposits, with splats as their building blocks, are affected by de-bonding and relative sliding of splats during mechanical loading. In this study, inter-splat deformation behavior in 6061 Al coatings is investigated by in-situ mechanical characterization for real-time visualization. The role of processing gas type (He vs. Air), splat geometry, particle bonding, and post-spray heat treatment on splat sliding is evaluated. High porosity and poor splat-bonding in air-sprayed coating result in inferior microhardness (917 MPa) and flexural strength (120 MPa), as compared to He-sprayed coating which exhibits microhardness and flexural strength of 1000 MPa and 450 MPa, respectively. In-situ cyclic bending of coatings is performed inside a scanning electron microscope to examine the splat deformation behavior. Digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of the real-time videos is performed to determine local microstructure strains, experimentally demonstrating splat sliding phenomenon for the first time. Heat-treatment of the coatings heals inter-splat microcracks, reduces porosity and consequently improves the mechanical properties. DIC strain maps revealed arrested splat sliding after heat-treatment. A splat sliding factor (SSf) is introduced, which compares cold-sprayed microstructure deformation with the bulk structure like substrate, providing quantitative information about inter-splat bonding. The SSf is found to be higher for air-sprayed coating (~ 1.4) as compared to He-sprayed coating (~ 0.28), and is further reduced after heat-treatment. The correlation between splat sliding and microstructure will enable development of coatings with predictable and improved mechanical properties by cold spray.
A canonical framework for modeling elasto-viscoplasticity in complex fluids

Abstract A comprehensive framework for modeling elasto-viscoplasticity in complex fluids is discussed. It is based on the plasticity mechanism of kinematic hardening, which is widely accepted in solid mechanics and accounts for transient yielding processes. We discuss a simple one dimensional variant of the model, as well as a fully three-dimensional, frame-invariant and thermodynamically admissible version of the model. Predictions for several canonical rheometric test protocols are provided. We also discuss possible extensions to account for additional rheological complexities exhibited by real fluids, such as thixotropy, nonlinear elasticity and normal stress differences. We find that this framework has several advantages over the more commonly used elastic Bingham-like or elastic Herschel Bulkley models for describing elasto-viscoplasticity. First, the model can account for behavior over a much wider range of viscometric test conditions. Second, it eliminates the flow/no flow criterion inherent in Bingham-like constitutive laws, which frequently requires regularization. Third, it is a flexible framework and allows for implementation of additional complexities, including thixotropic behavior and other nonlinear rheological features.
Health Behaviors, Nocturnal Hypertension, and Non-dipping Blood Pressure: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults and Jackson Heart Study.

BACKGROUND Several health behaviors have been associated with hypertension based on clinic blood pressure (BP). Data on the association of health behaviors with nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping systolic BP (SBP) are limited. METHODS We analyzed data for participants with ambulatory BP monitoring at the Year 30 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study exam in 2015-2016 (n = 781) and the baseline Jackson Heart Study (JHS) exam in 2000-2004 (n = 1,046). Health behaviors (i.e., body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol intake) were categorized as good, fair, and poor and assigned scores of 2, 1, and 0, respectively. A composite health behavior score was calculated as their sum and categorized as very good (score range = 6-8), good (5), fair (4), and poor (0-3). Nocturnal hypertension was defined as mean asleep SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg or mean asleep diastolic BP ≥ 70 mm Hg and non-dipping SBP as < 10% awake-to-asleep decline in SBP. RESULTS Among CARDIA study and JHS participants, 41.1% and 56.9% had nocturnal hypertension, respectively, and 32.4% and 72.8% had non-dipping SBP, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) for nocturnal hypertension associated with good, fair, and poor vs. very good health behavior scores were 1.03 (0.82-1.29), 0.98 (0.79-1.22), and 0.96 (0.77-1.20), respectively in CARDIA study and 0.98 (0.87-1.10), 0.96 (0.86-1.09), and 0.86 (0.74-1.00), respectively in JHS. The health behavior score was not associated non-dipping SBP in CARDIA study or JHS after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS A health behavior score was not associated with nocturnal hypertension or non-dipping SBP.
A qualitative meta-synthesis of women's experiences of labor dystocia.

Abstract Problem Researchers have prioritized understanding and differentiating the pathophysiologic mechanisms to improve precision in diagnosis and individualization of care, however the experiences of women with labor dystocia have been underexamined. Background Management of labor dystocia has been identified as an opportunity for reducing the rate of unnecessary cesarean births and the associated risks to women and their infants. This meta-synthesis explores women’s experiences of labor dystocia to enrich the discussion of care practices and contextualize discussions of shared decision making in what is most meaningful to women. Questions How does prolonged labor influence women’s experience of birth and motherhood? What are women’s experiences with decision-making about labor augmentation during prolonged labor? Methods Sandelowski and Barroso’s meta-synthesis approach was used to analyze primary qualitative studies of women’s experiences of labor dystocia. Through inductive thematic synthesis and reciprocal translation, themes identified in qualitative research, quotations, and coded meaning units were aggregated and interpreted into derived categories and themes. Findings Fourteen qualitative studies were analyzed. Women experienced labor dystocia as a transition from healthy labor to abnormal labor requiring medical support consistent with Transition Theory by Meleis. Six new categories and thirty themes were identified. Each category and theme reflects a distinct component of the experience of labor dystocia. Discussion/conclusion There is wide variation in the way women experience labor dystocia. Facilitation of the transition from healthy labor to labor dystocia can be supported by a fluid, adaptable method of caring for women in the face of uncertainty and loss of choice.
Arabidopsis ECAP Is a New Adaptor Protein that Connects JAZ Repressors with the TPR2 Co-repressor to Suppress Jasmonate-Responsive Anthocyanin Accumulation.

Suppression mechanisms mediated by transcriptional repressors commonly exist in diverse phytohormone signaling pathways. In Arabidopsis thaliana, JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are transcriptional repressors that function as negative regulators of diverse JA responses. Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA) is an adaptor protein connecting JAZs with the co-repressor, TOPLESS (TPL), to mediate gene repression in JA-dependent root growth inhibition and defense pathways. However, whether NINJA or other adaptor proteins are employed in other JA-responsive biological processes remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that a previously uncharacterized protein, ECAP (EAR motif-Containing Adaptor Protein), directly interacts with JAZ6 and JAZ8 and enhances their transcriptional repression activities. We provide evidence that ECAP is a novel adaptor protein for JAZ6/8 recruitment of the transcriptional co-repressor, TOPLESS-RELATED 2 (TPR2), into a transcriptional repressor complex that represses the WD-repeat/bHLH/MYB complex, an important transcriptional activator in the JA-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Our findings, together with previous reports, reveal that specific adaptor proteins play a critical role in distinct JA responses by pairing different JAZs (which possess overlapping but also specific functions) with the general co-repressors, TPL and TPRs.
Pharmacokinetics of midazolam in sevoflurane-anesthetized cats.

Abstract Objective To estimate the pharmacokinetics of midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam after midazolam administration as an intravenous bolus in sevoflurane-anesthetized cats. Study design Prospective pharmacokinetic study. Animals A group of six healthy adult, female domestic cats. Methods Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. After 30 minutes of anesthetic equilibration, cats were administered midazolam (0.3 mg kg–1) over 15 seconds. Venous blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 45, 90, 180 and 360 minutes after administration. Plasma concentrations for midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (fR), rectal temperature, noninvasive mean arterial pressure (MAP) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (P e ′CO2) were recorded at 5 minute intervals. Population compartment models were fitted to the time–plasma midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam concentrations using nonlinear mixed effect modeling. Results The pharmacokinetic model was fitted to the data from five cats, as 1-hydroxymidazolam was not detected in one cat. A five-compartment model best fitted the data. Typical values (% interindividual variability where estimated) for the volumes of distribution for midazolam (three compartments) and hydroxymidazolam (two compartments) were 117 (14), 286 (10), 705 (14), 53 (36) and 334 mL kg–1, respectively. Midazolam clearance to 1-hydroxymidazolam, midazolam fast and slow intercompartmental clearances, 1-hydroxymidazolam clearance and 1-hydroxymidazolam intercompartment clearance were 18.3, 63.5 (15), 22.1 (8), 1.7 (67) and 3.8 mL minute–1 kg–1, respectively. No significant changes in HR, MAP, fR or P e ′CO2 were observed following midazolam administration. Conclusion and clinical relevance In sevoflurane-anesthetized cats, a five-compartment model best fitted the midazolam pharamacokinetic profile. There was a high interindividual variability in the plasma 1-hydroxymidazolam concentrations, and this metabolite had a low clearance and persisted in the plasma for longer than the parent drug. Midazolam administration did not result in clinically significant changes in physiologic variables.
A high-throughput three-dimensional cell culture platform for drug screening

Traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures lack the extracellular matrix (ECM)-like structure or dynamic fluidic microenvironment for cells to maintain in vivo functionality. Three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds, on the other hand, could provide the ECM-like microenvironment for cells to reformulate into tissue or organoids that are highly useful for in vitro drug screening. In this study, a high-throughput two-chamber 3D microscale tissue model platform is developed. Porous scaffolds are selectively foamed on a commercially available compact disk using laser. Perfusion of cell culture medium is achieved with centrifugal force-driven diffusion by disk rotation. Experimental studies were conducted on the fabrication process under various gas saturation and laser power conditions. Cell cultures were performed with two types of human cell lines: M059K and C3A-sub28. It is shown that the structure of microscale porous scaffolds can be controlled with laser foaming parameters and that coating with polydopamine these scaffolds are inducive for cell attachment and aggregation, forming a 3D network. With many such two-chamber models fabricated on a single CD and perfusion driven by the centrifugal force from rotation, the proposed platform provides a simple solution to the high-cost and lengthy drug development process with a high-throughput and physiologically more relevant tissue model system.
Developing occupation kits in a Hand Therapy Student Experiential Learning Clinic

IntroductionCombining occupation-based and biomechanical approaches is effective to increase function after hand injury. This project developed and evaluated occupation kits as a means to increase ...
Humanoid Robots: Body Language and Charisma

The Darwin OP2 robot was used to play a cooperative game of concentration with a human. Guided calibration was used to teach the robot colors in different environments. Vision algorithms and servo movements were used to identify the elements of the game. The effect of additional body language, which was not necessary for the game, was studied in reference to the way the robot was perceived by human partners.
Assessment of a continuing medical education intervention designed to change physician practice regarding blood transfusion

Background and Objectives: Excessive packed red blood cell (pRBC) transfusions are associated with worse clinical outcomes and unnecessary costs. While multi-faceted continuing medical education (CME) approaches have been shown to be effective methods for changing physician practice, few studies have evaluated this approach as a method for changing blood transfusion practices. Methods: In this prospective cohort study sought to use a multi-faceted CME platform to modify physician transfusion practices. In this prospective cohort study, the authors implemented a multi-faceted CME intervention including didactic presentations, distribution of educational materials, educational posters, and electronic medical record clinical decision support. Primary outcomes were number of pRBC transfusions prior to and after intervention and associated costs. Secondary outcomes included knowledge acquisition, satisfaction, self-reported improvement in knowledge, and intent to change behavior. The intervention targeted physicians from four departments: Surgery, Internal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Emergency Medicine. Results: Fifty-eight physicians participated in the experimental group and seventy-three physicians in the control group. There was a 26% decrease (P
Phase-space quantum mechanics as a Landau-level problem

We point out the connection between the problem of formulating quantum mechanics in phase space and projecting the motion of a quantum-mechanical particle onto a particular Landau level. In particular, we show that lowest Landau-level wave functions, which are widely used in studies of quantum Hall effect, are actually phase-space wave functions in this context. We demonstrate the usefulness of this understanding by analyzing some simple problems, and propose other utilities.
Voices in Education: Professional Development Schools (PDS): in the Rear-View Mirror or Still a Promising Model?

More than 35 years ago, John Goodlad (1984) drew national attention to our schools in his landmark research that examined different aspects of successful schools (K-12) and the various issues that ...
Ecosystem Recovery from Disturbance is Constrained by N Cycle Openness, Vegetation-Soil N Distribution, Form of N Losses, and the Balance Between Vegetation and Soil-Microbial Processes

We present a framework for assessing biogeochemical recovery of terrestrial ecosystems from disturbance. We identify three recovery phases. In Phase 1, nitrogen is redistributed from soil organic matter to vegetation, but the ecosystem continues to lose nitrogen because the recovering vegetation cannot take up nitrogen as fast as it is released from soil. In Phase 2, the ecosystem begins re-accumulating nitrogen and converges on a quasi-steady state in which vegetation and soil-microbial processes are in balance. In Phase 3, vegetation and soil-microbial processes remain in balance and the ecosystem slowly re-accumulates the remaining nitrogen. Phase 3 follows a balanced-accumulation trajectory along a continuum of quasi-steady states that approaches the true steady state asymptotically. We examine the effects of three ecosystem properties on recovery: openness of the nitrogen cycle, nitrogen distribution in and turnover between vegetation and soils, and the proportion of nitrogen losses that are in a refractory form. Openness exacerbates Phase 1 nitrogen losses but speeds recovery in Phases 2 and 3. A high fraction of ecosystem nitrogen in vegetation, resulting from nitrogen turnover that is slow in vegetation but fast in soil, exacerbates Phase 1 nitrogen losses but speeds recovery in Phases 2 and 3. A high proportion of nitrogen loss in refractory form mitigates Phase 1 nitrogen losses and speeds recovery in Phases 2 and 3. Application of our conceptual framework requires empirical recognition of the continuum of quasi-steady states constituting the balanced-accumulation trajectory and a distinction between the balanced-accumulation trajectory and the true steady state.
Learning-Based Floor-Type Identification in the ZUPT-Aided Pedestrian Inertial Navigation

We present a method to identify the floor types in the pedestrian inertial navigation with the goal of adaptive estimation of navigation states under various navigation scenarios. The floor-type detection algorithm includes three major steps. First, the inertial measurement unit readouts are divided with each partition corresponding to a full human gait cycle. Second, principal component analysis is conducted on each partition to reduce dimensionality of the data. Third, the data are fed into an artificial neural network (ANN) for the floor-type identification. In this study, we identified five different floor types: walking on hard floor, walking on grass, walking on sand, walking upstairs, and walking downstairs, with an accuracy of over 99%. To verify the effects of the floor-type detection, the classification result was used to select proper parameters in the zero-velocity-update-aided pedestrian inertial navigation in the multiple model approach. Advantages of the identification approach were experimentally verified, and resulted in a reduced navigation error in the field test.
The Private Conservation Easement: How to Lower Federal Wildfire Suppression Costs in the Wildland/Urban Interface

The United States Forest Service is spending increasing amounts of the federal budget fighting wildfires on public lands in the west. However, in reality, the money is not spent protecting the federal lands but protecting adjacent private property known as the wildland/urban interface (WUI). The combination of increased property development in the WUI, historically mismanaged forests that cause fuel build up, and increasingly frequent and intense fires due to climate change have fueled an expensive problem for federal taxpayers. Current strategies to deal with this issue include relying on state and local government codes and ordinances to manage the WUI modeled after the International Wildland-Urban Interface Code (IWUIC) and in collaboration with local organizations. However, without federal resources to implement these laws, communities can opt out of zoning laws altogether preventing public management of the WUI. This article proposes that land in the WUI is managed through conservation easements. The easements can encompass elements of the IWUIC and require certain landscaping and building materials consistent with home ignition zone (HIZ) research. Additionally, conservation easements provide tax incentives to landowners to protect their own land against wildfires instead of spending money protecting the land during a fire, which allows the Forest Service to provide other services to the public. Conservation easements have the flexibility to include strict enforcement regimes through the government, neighbors, and land trusts. As conservation easements grow in popularity, state legislatures may try to involve themselves; the consequences of which are yet unknown.
Experimental Noiseless Attenuation with Heralding on Zero Photons

Heralded noiseless attenuation is theoretically achievable with linear optics and an uncommon measurement of zero photons in an auxiliary mode. We review this phenomenon and describe experimental progress toward demonstrating it in two physical systems.
Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Modeling of Extension Twinning in WE43 Mg Alloys: Calibration and Validation

Crystal plasticity simulation is an important tool for advanced Integrated Computational Materials Engineering for metals and alloys. The current work presents a calibration and validation framework for crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) simulation of extension twinning in the Mg alloy WE43 using the scanning electron microscopy with digital image correlation (SEM-DIC) technique. Rolled Mg alloy WE43 was subjected to in situ uniaxial compression along its rolling direction. Full-field displacement maps were captured using SEM-DIC during load pauses, and twin variant maps were obtained from the strain maps using post-processing analysis. CPFE was used to investigate the experimental results via a multi-scale twinning model developed for HCP polycrystals. In addition to macroscopic stress–strain curves, crystal plasticity parameters were calibrated using the variation of twin fraction area versus the applied strain obtained from the SEM-DIC results to accurately capture the twinning parameters. A new SEM-DIC pipeline was created for the open-source PRISMS-Plasticity CPFE software that can read in the precise deformation map generated by SEM-DIC as an input boundary condition for the finite element simulation and conduct the CPFE simulation. The performance of CPFE was evaluated versus the SEM-DIC obtained strain and twin maps. The results show that the CPFE can successfully model the macroscopic stress–strain response and the twin area fraction and that it can additionally capture microscale strain and twinning.
Multilingualism for global solutions and a better world

—This article examines the significance of multilingualism in finding global solutions and creating a better world. Language learning and multilingualism in the individual are discussed. The role of multilingualism in effectively addressing complex global issues is described. The nature of language skills and cultural knowledge in the individual and within international organizations is analyzed in terms of both policy structure and crisis communication, including the COVID-19 global pandemic, along with a brief overview of multilingualism in international business organizations. The US foreign language deficit is briefly discussed. Perspectives on foreign language education for a better world are provided, as are possibilities for increasing multilingualism for a better world. © 2021 ACADEMY PUBLICATION.
Support Provided to the External Tank (Et) Project on the Use of Statistical Analysis for Et Certification Consultation Position Paper

In June 2004, the June Space Flight Leadership Council (SFLC) assigned an action to the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) and External Tank (ET) project jointly to characterize the available dataset [of defect sizes from dissections of foam], identify resultant limitations to statistical treatment of ET as-built foam as part of the overall thermal protection system (TPS) certification, and report to the Program Requirements Change Board (PRCB) and SFLC in September 2004. The NESC statistics team was formed to assist the ET statistics group in August 2004. The NESC's conclusions are presented in this report.
Partnership-Based Health Care: Suggestions for Effective Application

Societal transformation often starts with one visionary and a compelling idea. However, if there are no followers, the idea quickly becomes marginalized. It “takes a village” to build a movement, and the more system layers that can be addressed, the more likely the transformation will take hold. This article describes the framework for creating the necessary changes for partnership-based health care. It also makes suggestions for ensuring successful application of partnership-based systems change. This article is for all readers seeking to apply partnership principles in their own fields of influence.
Characterization of Proteins Associated with the Coenzyme Q Biosynthetic Complex and Analyses of Phosphorylated Coq Proteins in Yeast Mitochondria

Coenzyme Q (also termed ubiquinone or CoQ) is an electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that functions as an essential component in energy metabolism and serves as a vital lipid so...
Predictors of quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis

BACKGROUND: Assessment of quality of life (QOL) of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (physical, mental, and social well-being) has become an essential tool to develop better plans of care. Objective of this study is to determine which demographic and biochemical parameters correlate with the QOL scores in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis (HD) using Kidney Disease QOL-36 surveys (KDQOL). METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all ESRD patients who underwent HD at an outpatient center. The five components of the KDQOL were the primary end points of this study (burden of kidney disease, symptoms and problems, effects of kidney disease on daily life, mental component survey, and physical component survey). Scores were grouped into three categories (below average, average, and above average). In addition to demographics (age, sex, and race), the independent variables such as weight gain, number of years on dialysis, urea reduction ratio, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, albumin, and hemoglobin in the serum were collected. Chi-square analysis for dependent variables and the nominal independent variables was used, and analysis of variance analysis was used for continuous independent variables. Ordinal regression using PLUM (polytomous universal model) method was used to weigh out possible effects of confounders. RESULTS: The cohort size was 111 patients. Mean age was 61.8 (±15.5) years; there were more males than females (64.9% vs 35.1%), the mean time-on-dialysis at the time of the study was 4.3 (4.8) years. Approximately two-thirds of the responses on all five domains of the questionnaire ranked average when compared to the national numbers. The remainders were split between above average (20.6%) and below average (13.4%). In our cohort, no relationships were statistically significant between the five dependent variables of interest and the independent variables by chi-square- and t-test analyses. This was further confirmed by regression analysis. Of note, sex carried the strongest statistical significance (with a P-value of 0.16) as a predictor of "the burden of kidney disease on daily life" in ordinal regression. CONCLUSION: Prior studies have shown variables such as serum phosphate level, intradialytic weight gain, and dialysis adequacy are associated with lower KDQOL scores; however, this was not evident in our analysis likely due to smaller sample size. Larger size studies are required to better understand the predictors of QOL in ESRD patients on HD.
Career Aspirations of Adolescent Girls: Effects of Achievement Level, Grade, and Single-Sex School Environment

The career aspirations of high-achieving adolescent girls were explored by comparing them to the aspirations of adolescent boys as well as by looking at the influence of grade in school, achievement level, and an all-girls school environment. The participants' ideal and real career aspirations, scored in terms of prestige, were investigated via 2 sets of analyses , with coed (n = 704) and single-sex female (n = 494) adolescent samples. Results showed that high-achieving girls exceeded the aspirations of average-achieving girls and boys, and were the same as those of high-achieving boys. Gender and grade differences in ideal and real career choices over all achievement levels are also reported and discussed. Girls at single-sex schools had higher real career aspirations than did girls and boys at coed schools.
The Optimal Tax Treatment of Families with Children

In the United States, the value of child tax benefits in the federal income tax have increased dramatically since 1992 and now exceed $140 billion annually. This paper examines the efficiency implications of child tax benefits. Using a representative agent framework, it lays out conditions under which a child subsidy is part of an optimal tax policy. The key finding is that child tax benefits are not part of an optimal tax policy if children and leisure (time not spent doing market work) are complements or weak substitutes. The results imply that children and leisure are complements and thus child subsidies are not optimal. The sign of the optimal tax result remains unchanged when the model is extended to allow for time costs associated with raising children, but the optimal child tax is likely lower. Explicitly including quality-producing expenditure on children as a fourth good in the model leads to the result that child subsidies likely reduce the average quality of children. Distributional considerations may play an important role in providing a justification for child subsidies, although this paper suggests that this is only true at the lower range of the income distribution.
Database for Active Transportation Infrastructure and Volume

Information about pedestrian infrastructure and volume is indispensable to monitoring, evaluating, and improving the environment for comfortable and safe walking. However, determining and organizing the various types of data in a way that is easy to update and analyze can present challenges. This study designed and developed a relational database for pedestrian infrastructure and volume and included two core components (node table and approach table) and several subcomponents (tables for crosswalks, sidewalks, buffers, signs, transits, bikeways, bicycle parking, and volumes). Important measurements were proposed on the basis of the literature and practice review and grouped into different component categories on the basis of their attributes and relationships. Links were defined according to their relative locations to connect all the components. An infrastructure data collection pilot was conducted across 100 mi (161 km) of California highways using computer imagery, and across 7 mi (11.27 km) of those h...
Psychological Issues in Bone Marrow Transplantation

We studied the psychological and emotional problems experienced by seven children and their families who underwent bone marrow transplantation at the University of Colorado Medical Center from 1973 to 1975. These problems included (1) anxiety and depression relating to isolation, fear of death, and painful procedures; (2) an overdependence associated with a feeling of helplessness; (3) anger directed toward both the staff and the parents; (4) a reduced tolerance for medical procedures; and (5) periodic refusal to cooperate. Initially we had been concerned that patients might become agitated, psychotic, or even suicidal. These did not occur. Severe anxiety over bodily changes was not a problem. We did not encounter prolonged refusal to cooperate, refusal to remain in isolation, or drug addiction. Important aspects in management included an honest, straightforward, and direct discussion of all aspects of transplantation, including the potential complications and the risks of death from the underlying disease or from complications of transplantation. A firm but understanding approach to the patients appeared to be the most effective method to develop their continuing cooperation. The opportunity for patients to express verbally their fears of procedures and of death was essential. The donors needed help in working through their feelings of guilt if a transplant was not successful. The parents needed continuing psychological support for the many personal, social, and psychological difficulties which they had to face.
Reported Earnings Quality Under Conservative Accounting and Auditing

While conservatism may lead to a reduction of the current period's income, a consistent use of conservative accounting builds a hidden reserve that can inflate future earnings when investment growt...
Signatures of Testing: On-Site Inspection Technologies

This paper describes the phenomenology of nuclear explosions and technologies for their detection as relevant to On-Site Inspection (OSI) for a comprehensive test-ban (CTB). Our experience with the US nuclear test program which has been primarily carried out at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and in the Pacific Ocean. The goals of OSI are to resolve ambiguous events, reduce uncertainty, deter attempts at evasion, and provide responsive and technically competent means of confirming the occurrence of a nuclear explosion should deterrence fail. These goals would include finding evidence of an evasive nuclear explosion or evidence that the event was non-nuclear, such as an earthquake or large chemical explosion.
The Effect of Subglacial Chemical Processes on Glacier Sliding

The glacier sliding theory of Nye is modified to include the effect of solutes in subglacial regelation waters on the sliding process. Motivation for this development stems from studies of subglacially formed chemical deposits that appear to be widespread on rock surfaces recently exposed by retreating temperate glaciers. These deposits indicate clearly that considerable local concentration of solutes commonly occurs subglacially as a result of the selective rejection of solutes into the melt during the freezing associated with regelation sliding. Because solutes accumulate where regelation waters refreeze, they tend to lower the temperature there and hence inhibit the heat transport away from these areas that is essential for regelation sliding. For a simple sinusoidal bed and solute distribution in the regelation water film, the modified theory shows that a maximum excess of solutes of, for example, several millimoles/1 of dissolved CaCO3 along lee surfaces relative to stoss surfaces impedes basal sliding significantly, especially if the bed roughness wavelength does not exceed about one meter.
The Unbearable Lightness of Pardon: Reflections on Birtukan’s Second Sailing

The re-release of Judge Birtukan Mideksa, leader of the Unity for Democracy and Justice Party, Ethiopia's largest opposition party, from prison on 6th of October 2010 has proven to be a no less potent topic for controversy than her re-incarceration on 29th of December 2008 among pundits and analysts.The paper attempts to unmask the motives behind the selection of the procedure that secured Judge Birtukan Mideksa's re-release from Qaliti prison and its ramifications on her political career. In so doing, I shall trace the latest decision by the government to release Birtukan for a second time in just about two years since her re-incarceration back to a couple of posts on Aiga Forum in January and September 2010 and link it to a hint made in public by the Prime Minister and to an article published in the Reporter on 2nd of October 2010, just about 3 days before her actual release, or a couple of days before the decision was made or communicated to the prison officials with a view to showing a pattern in the scheme of things preceding the taking of the decision for her re-release.It concludes that in both of Birtukan's sailings out of prison, the master of the ship was none other than the Prime Minister. One thing that the granting of pardon in both instances proved to all of us is nothing but the unbearable lightness of pardons. In spite of the cruel and inhumane treatment Birtukan received in the hands of her jailors, one thing that is certain is that she will remain to be a source of inspiration for all who work to advance basic human rights in Ethiopia and the world over.
Premenstrual Syndrome Treatment Interventions

Publisher Summary This chapter presents interventions related to premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (pre-menstrual cycle) to describe the relationships between menstruation and the subjective experiences, moods, and behavior changes of women. Women's health related to PMS may best be understood from a multidimensional perspective. An approach to PMS that focuses on the normal menstrual cycle and the distinct biological, psychological, and social/cultural issues in women's development includes a review of the phenomenology of PMS. With this foundation, the strategies for restoring mental and physical health related to the menstrual cycle through prevention, accurate diagnosis, and appropriate treatment interventions can be described. The normal menstrual cycle is an intricately orchestrated, neatly timed physiologic process occurring in women from menarche until menopause, but the cycle is influenced by the limbic region of the central nervous system, the adrenal and thyroid glands, the pancreas, and exogenous hormones or medications.
Sublethal Transient Global Ischemia Stimulates Migration of Neuroblasts and Neurogenesis in Mice

Increasing evidence has shown the potential of neuronal plasticity in adult brain after injury. Neural proliferation can be triggered by a focal sublethal ischemic preconditioning event; whether mild global ischemia could cause neurogenesis has been not clear. The present study investigated stimulating effects of sublethal transient global ischemia (TGI) on endogenous neurogenesis and neuroblast migration in the subventricular zone (SVZ), dentate gyrus, and peri-infarct areas of the adult cortex. Adult mice of 129S2/Sv strain were subjected to 8-min bilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) administration every day until being sacrificed at 1–21 days after reperfusion. The mild TGI did not induce neuronal cell death for up to 7 days after TGI, as evidenced by negative terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining among NeuN-positive cells in the hippocampus and neocortex. In TGI animals, BrdU staining revealed enhanced proliferation of neuroblasts and their migration track from the SVZ into the striatum and neocortex. In the corpus callosum, there were more BrdU-positive cells in the TGI group in the first 2 days. Increasing numbers of BrdU-positive cells were seen 7–21 days later in the striatum and cortex of TGI mice. The cortex of TGI animals showed increased expression of erythropoietin, erythropoietin receptor, fibroblast growth factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinase; the expression was peaked 2 to 3 days after reperfusion. BrdU and NeuN double staining in the dentate gyrus, striatum, and cortex implied increased neurogenesis induced by the TGI preconditioning. Doublecortin (DCX)-positive cells increased in the cortex of TGI mice, localized to cortical layers II, III, and V, and many stained positive for the mature neuronal markers NeuN, neurofilament, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor subunit gene NR1, or the gamma-aminobutyric-acid-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67). The atypical localization of DCX-positive cells and the colabeling with mature neuronal markers suggested that, in addition to indentifying migrating neuroblasts, DCX might also be a stress marker in the cortex. It is suggested that the sublethal TGI-induced regenerative responses may contribute to the beneficial effects of ischemic preconditioning.