cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of solution environment on the permeability of red blood cells.

The cell membrane permeability governs the rate of solute transport into and out of the cell, significantly affecting the cell's metabolic processes, viability, and potential usefulness in both biotechnological applications and physiological systems. Most previous studies of the cell membrane permeability have neglected the possible effects of suspending medium on membrane transport, even though there is extensive experimental evidence that suspending phase composition can significantly affect other properties related to the cell membrane (e.g., cell deformability, fragility, and aggregation rate). This study examined the effects of suspending phase composition (both proteins and electrolytes) on the permeability of human red blood cells to the metabolites creatinine and uric acid. Data were obtained using a stirred ultrafiltration device with direct cell- and proteinfree sampling through a semipermeable membrane. Both the uric acid and creatinine permeabilities were strongly affected by the suspending phase composition, with the permeabilities in different buffer solutions varying by as much as a factor of three. The predominant factors affecting the permeability were the presence (or absence) of chloride, phosphate/adenine, and proteins, although the magnitude and even the direction of these effects were significantly different for creatinine and uric acid transport. The dramatic differences in behavior for uric acid and creatinine reflect the different transport mechanisms for these solutes, with uric acid transported by a carrier-mediated mechanism and creatinine transported by passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer. These results provide important insights into the effects of solution environment on cell membrane transport and other cell membrane-mediated properties.
Lewis acid-catalysed formation of two-dimensional phthalocyanine covalent organic frameworks

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer a new strategy for assembling organic semiconductors into robust networks with atomic precision and long-range order. General methods for COF synthesis will allow complex building blocks to be incorporated into these emerging materials. Here we report a new Lewis acid-catalysed protocol to form boronate esters directly from protected catechols and arylboronic acids. This transformation also provides crystalline boronate ester-linked COFs from protected polyfunctional catechols and bis(boronic acids). Using this method, we prepared a new COF that features a square lattice composed of phthalocyanine macrocycles joined by phenylene bis(boronic acid) linkers. The phthalocyanines stack in an eclipsed fashion within the COF to form 2.3 nm pores that run parallel to the stacked chromophores. The material's broad absorbance over the solar spectrum, potential for efficient charge transport through the stacked phthalocyanines, good thermal stability and the modular nature of COF synthesis, show strong promise for applications in organic photovoltaic devices.
Integrity, Commitment, and a Coherent Self

Integrity is important for our understanding of what it means to possess a constituted and coherent self. Many discussions of integrity are focused on relationships among moral principles and virtues. Philosophers pay less attention to any relationship that integrity might have to practical agency or personal identity, and as a result, fail to appreciate the special relation integrity has to the constitution of a coherent self. Central to integrity are considerations about self-identity and agency, because it is through ongoing and deliberate activities that reflect the type of person someone wishes to identify with that a person constitutes self-identity and agency in a coherent manner. An individual who holds haphazard values, engages in little reflection on the type of person she identifies with, or puts minimal effort in acting according to principles has not constituted a coherent self. A self is coherent insofar as the activities and principles of an agent are integrated into a consistent whole. When the relationship between integrity and a coherent self is properly understood, it becomes clear that the moral content of integrity is thin and that the approbation usually associated with a person of integrity stems not from judgments about convictions or principles, but from the relationship between actions and commitments. Two features of integrity and its relation to self-identity and agency are salient. A coherent self must be integrated in the sense that the parts are assimilated into a whole. Ideally, to be a whole, the parts must be consistent and cohere. A person who is at times fair-minded and evenhanded in dealing with other people and is at other times unpredictably capricious and cruel would not qualify as a person who has integrity or an integrated self. A coherent self also is constituted to the extent that an individual identifies with the integrated elements. A person of integrity adheres to
The expression of hex A and hex B isozymes of hexosaminidase in parental and experimental human fibroblast cells and their components

The expression of the two major isozyme forms of hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), hesoxaminidase A and hexosaminidase B, has been examined. The parental cells and/or cellular components of parental cells are individually fused using inactivated Sendai virus with the aid of a micromanipulator. The progeny cells produced from such hybrids are subjected to a microenzymatic assay which allows measurements at the single cell level. The lysosomal-deficient cells used in this study are Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff fibroblasts, and the normal cells used are WI-38 (fetal lung fibroblasts), amniotic fluid cells (GM 473), and JASD3 (normal human foreskin). The results show that the ratio of cell components which are fused to form the experimental cell affects the percentage of hexosaminidase A expressed in the progeny cells. Furthermore, our results imply the presence of a “factor” in the Sandhoff cell's cytoplasm which, together with the Tay-Sachs nucleus, is necessary for hexosaminidase A expression in the experimental cell's progeny.
Genomic analysis of serotonin receptors in learning and memory

The completion of the Human Genome Project and a variety of new technologies, such as DNA microarray technology, are revolutionizing the way molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory can be explored. This review highlights the use of a genomic approach to dissect and analyze the complex dynamic interactions involved in gene regulation during learning and memory and illustrates the changes of serotonin receptor subtypes observed in different time domains and behavioral paradigms.
Biopolítica, población y público: Los estudios culturales y la biopolítica

This paper intends to contribute to the production of connections between the diffuse field of sociology of culture and cultural studies and the more specific -but no less diffusetopic of biopolitics. Specifically it asks whether it is possible to elucidate aline of inquiry about the notion of biopolitics that may have interesting effects on certain aspects of the present debate in cultural studies. For that purpose, it discusses the interest in biopolitics, and then analyzes this concept and its connections with the concepts of population and life. On that basis, it proposes a redefinition of the concept of public and a new way of problematizing this concept that is central in cultural studies. Key words: biopolitics, population, publics, control, Cultural Studies.
Extract and Extend Parallelism using C/C++ Extension for Array Notation on Multicore and Many-core Platforms: An Empirical Investigation with Quantitative Finance Examples

In this paper, we explore the newly introduced array notion syntax extension in recent release of Intel Compiler with a few representative quantitative finance workloads. We will explore the array syntax both as an abstraction tool to allow the user to succinctly express the intended operations and as a performance tool that facilitates the most efficient implementation which can take advantage of the parallel hardware resource such as vector processing units and ever increasing number of processor cores. We specifically look at how these new array style programming capability can help the financial modeler and software developers to extract the parallelism from the numerical algorithm and extend it from multicore host processor to a hybrid of multicore many-core accelerated computing environment.We start with a functional introduction to the C++ array notation syntax that will be used in the subsequent examples. We, then, present background information on a few derivative pricing algorithms in quantitative finance. For each algorithm, we present a scalar program first and take a performance measurement as baseline. As we choose to use the array programming mechanism, we will look at the programming language related issues and postulate what syntax motivate the developer to use then what the alternative syntax are and why some might be more popular than others. Then we look at the performance related issues and look at the code generation on Intel Architecture based multicore and many-core platforms, and investigate mechanism for performance optimization. We conclude the paper by creating a hybrid program that runs both on multicore and many-core environment, concurrently.
Enzymatic formation of 14,15-leukotriene A and C(14)-sulfur-linked peptides.

Abstract Human leukocytes converted [ 3 H]-(S)-15-HPETE into [ 3 H]-14,15-LTA. Rat basophilic leukemia cells transformed 14,15-LTA into two bioactive C(14)-S-linked peptides, which have been characterized as 15(S)-hydroxy-14(R)-S-glutathionyl-5,8 Z ,10,12 E -icosatetraenoic acid and 15-(S)-hydroxy-14(R)-S-cysteinylglycyl-5,8 Z ,10,12 E -icosatetraenoic acid by comparison with synthetic specimens.
Adaptive Evolution and the Birth of CTCF Binding Sites in the Drosophila Genome

Changes in the physical interaction between cis-regulatory DNA sequences and proteins drive the evolution of gene expression. However, it has proven difficult to accurately quantify evolutionary rates of such binding change or to estimate the relative effects of selection and drift in shaping the binding evolution. Here we examine the genome-wide binding of CTCF in four species of Drosophila separated by between ∼2.5 and 25 million years. CTCF is a highly conserved protein known to be associated with insulator sequences in the genomes of human and Drosophila. Although the binding preference for CTCF is highly conserved, we find that CTCF binding itself is highly evolutionarily dynamic and has adaptively evolved. Between species, binding divergence increased linearly with evolutionary distance, and CTCF binding profiles are diverging rapidly at the rate of 2.22% per million years (Myr). At least 89 new CTCF binding sites have originated in the Drosophila melanogaster genome since the most recent common ancestor with Drosophila simulans. Comparing these data to genome sequence data from 37 different strains of Drosophila melanogaster, we detected signatures of selection in both newly gained and evolutionarily conserved binding sites. Newly evolved CTCF binding sites show a significantly stronger signature for positive selection than older sites. Comparative gene expression profiling revealed that expression divergence of genes adjacent to CTCF binding site is significantly associated with the gain and loss of CTCF binding. Further, the birth of new genes is associated with the birth of new CTCF binding sites. Our data indicate that binding of Drosophila CTCF protein has evolved under natural selection, and CTCF binding evolution has shaped both the evolution of gene expression and genome evolution during the birth of new genes.
Daily Supportive Equity in Close Relationships

Receiving support in committed relationships has frequently been associated with negative psychological outcomes in the recipient, such as increased distress. The authors hypothesized that these negative effects could be offset by support recipients' reciprocation of support, that is, by creating a sense of supportive equity. To investigate this hypothesis, the authors obtained daily reports of mood and of received and given emotional support from both partners in 85 couples throughout a 4-week period. Reciprocity in support transactions was associated with higher levels of positive mood and lower levels of negative mood. In line with previous research, receiving support without reciprocation was associated with increases in negative mood. Giving support, regardless of receipt, was associated with a decrease in negative mood.
Computed Time-Average Holographic Interferometric Fringes of a Circular Plate Vibrating Simultaneously in Two Rationally or Irrationally Related Modes

Numerical evaluation of the characteristic functions of a circular plate vibrating simultaneously in two rationally related modes is presented in the form of computer-generated photographs that are essentially indistinguishable from an actual time-average holographic image. These computed images are obtained by displaying the numerical results on an x, y oscilloscope with z-axis radiance modulation representing fringe irradiance. The effect of changing the relative phases of two rationally related modes is illustrated. Ten computed images are shown; these include fundamental, first higher-order mode (one nodal diameter), irrationally related mode combinations, and rationally related mode combinations with zero through 90° relative phase relations. The computed images are compared with experimentally obtained patterns; good agreement is obtained.
Rates of intercalator-driven platination of DNA determined by a restriction enzyme cleavage inhibition assay

A restriction enzyme cleavage inhibition assay was designed to determine the rates of DNA platination by four non-cross-linking platinum–acridine agents represented by the formula [Pt(am2)LCl](NO3)2, where am is a diamine nonleaving group and L is an acridine derived from the intercalator 1-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dimethylthiourea (ACRAMTU). The formation of monofunctional adducts in the target sequence 5′-CGA was studied in a 40-base-pair probe containing the EcoRI restriction site GAATTC. The time dependence of endonuclease inhibition was quantitatively analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The formation of monoadducts is approximately 3 times faster with double-stranded DNA than with simple nucleic acid fragments. Compound 1 (am2 is ethane-1,2-diamine, L is ACRAMTU) reacts with a first-order rate constant of k obs = 1.4 ± 0.37 × 10−4 s−1 (t 1/2 = 83 ± 22 min). Replacement of the thiourea group in ACRAMTU with an amidine group (compound 2) accelerates the rate by fourfold (k obs = 5.7 ± 0.58 × 10−4 s−1, t 1/2 = 21 ± 2 min), and introduction of a propane-1,3-diamine nonleaving group results in a 1.5-fold enhancement in reactivity (compound 3, k obs = 2.1 ± 0.40 × 10−4 s−1, t 1/2 = 55 ± 10 min) compared with the prototype. Derivative 4, containing a 4,9-disubstituted acridine threading intercalator, was the least reactive compound in the series (k obs = 1.1 ± 0.40 × 10−4 s−1, t 1/2 = 104 ± 38 min). The data suggest a correlation may exist between the binding rates and the biological activity of the compounds. Potential pharmacological advantages of rapid formation of cytotoxic monofunctional adducts over the common purine–purine cross-links are discussed.
Numerical studies in semigray radiative transfer.

In Table 2 (assuming b/a = 2 and c/a = 1.5), we find the values of P!/FO and P2/F0 for different values of n. From (13), p/YQ = 0.375, for either the homogeneous or the nonhomogeneous case. Thus for n = — 2, for full plasticity of the shell the crtitical pressure is the same as that needed for yielding of the inner boundary in the homogeneous case. For n — 2 the effect is reversed. Numerical Studies in Semigray Radiative Transfer
L-statistics for repeated measurements data with application to trimmed means, quantiles and tolerance intervals

The L-statistics form an important class of estimators in nonparametric statistics. Its members include trimmed means and sample quantiles and functions thereof. This article is devoted to theory and applications of L-statistics for repeated measurements data, wherein the measurements on the same subject are dependent and the measurements from different subjects are independent. This article has three main goals: (a) Show that the L-statistics are asymptotically normal for repeated measurements data. (b) Present three statistical applications of this result, namely, location estimation using trimmed means, quantile estimation and construction of tolerance intervals. (c) Obtain a Bahadur representation for sample quantiles. These results are generalizations of similar results for independently and identically distributed data. The practical usefulness of these results is illustrated by analyzing a real data set involving measurement of systolic blood pressure. The properties of the proposed point and interval estimators are examined via simulation.
A phase I study of ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and carboplatin in advanced and recurrent cervical cancer

Abstract Objectives. To determine toxicity and establish a maximum tolerated dose of outpatient therapy with ifosfamide, paclitaxel, and carboplatin in women with advanced and recurrent cervical cancer. Methods. Eligible patients had stage IVB, recurrent or persistent cervical cancer that was not amenable to curative treatment with surgery or radiation therapy. A dose escalation through four dose levels was planned. Dose limiting toxicities were defined as grade 3 or grade 4 hematologic toxicity persistent to day 1 of the next scheduled cycle, grade 2 or higher central neurologic symptoms related to ifosfamide and grade 3 or grade 4 peripheral neuropathy. Results. Twelve patients, aged 29 to 71, received 64 treatments and were evaluable for toxicity. No patient was withdrawn from the study due to toxicity. Two patients had received prior radiation therapy without chemotherapy, and seven patients had received radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy. No dose limiting toxicity occurred at dose levels 1 or 2. Three dose reductions occurred at dose level 3 due to neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The maximum tolerated dose is ifosfamide 2 g/m 2 over 2 h, paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 over 1 h, and carboplatin at an AUC of 5 over 45 min. Grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia was seen in 11 subjects. Two patients required growth factor support. Grade 3 or grade 4 anemia was seen in one patient. Grade 3 or grade 4 neuropathy was seen in one patient. Other grade 3 or grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity included muscle weakness, myalgia, cough, and shortness of breath. Conclusions. Combination therapy with ifosfamide 2 g/m 2 , paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 , carboplatin AUC=5 appears to be a safe regimen for the outpatient treatment of women with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer and warrants phase II investigation.
The Grape Antioxidant Resveratrol for Skin Disorders: Promise, Prospects, and Challenges

Resveratrol, a phytoalexin antioxidant found in red grapes, has been shown to have both chemopreventive and therapeutic effects against many diseases and disorders, including those of the skin. Studies have shown protective effects of resveratrol against ultraviolet radiation-mediated oxidative stress and cutaneous damages including skin cancer. Because many of the skin conditions stem from ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress, this antioxidant appears to have promise and prospects against a wide range of cutaneous disorders including skin aging and skin cancers. However, there are a few roadblocks in the way of this promising agent regarding its translation from the bench to the bedside. This review discusses the promise and prospects of resveratrol in the management of skin disorders and the associated challenges.
Heat transfer to liquid drops from a small diameter channel at temperatures in the film boiling range

Abstract An experimental study to determine the values of heat transfer per drop for small drops of water, methanol, and acetone falling down a heated channel of small diameter. Channel temperatures ranged from 118°K to 269°K above saturation, and channel diameters were smaller than drop diameters. Values of heat transfer per drop exhibited a maximum at a saturation excess of approximately 200°K for all three fluids. The occurrence of a maximum is assumed to be due to the effect of vapor viscosity on the growth of the vapor film. The occurrence of the maxima at a common value of saturation temperature excess is thought to occur because of the effect of vapor thermal conductivity, vapor density, modified heat of vaporization, and vapor viscosity on the rate of growth of the vapor film. It was also found that heat transfer per drop is independent of channel length. High-speed motion pictures and visual observations lead to the assumption that all appreciable heat transfer takes place in a very short period of time after the drop first contacts the channel. The maximum values of heat transfer per drop were found to be related to fluid properties, drop impact velocity, and geometry by the following relationship: (Q D ) max (d/D) 3·088 d 3 λ VF ρ L = 0·232 (N sigma; ) 0·256 (N μ ) −1·632 (N ρ ) −2·264 (We) −0·245 .
A DC Voltage Dependant Switchable Thin Film Bulk Wave Acoustic Resonator Using Ferroelectric Thin Film

In this paper, a new application of ferroelectric thin film based on electrostrictive and piezoelectric effects is reported. Electrostrictive resonances in the thin film can be controlled with the application of the DC electrical field. A switchable thin film bulk wave acoustic resonator (FBAR) is proposed using barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film. The measured resonator has a parallel resonance at 2.035 GHz and a series resonance at 1.975 GHz with 25 V DC bias applied. The electromechanical coupling coefficient was calculated to be approximately 7.07% which is comparable to AIN FBARs. Acoustic parameters of BST thin film were extracted by optimizing the resonator's transmission line model to fit the measurement results. Simulation results for a switchable BST FBAR filter operating at 2 GHz are also presented.
Human PIV-2 recombinant Sendai virus (rSeV) elicits durable immunity and combines with two additional rSeVs to protect against hPIV-1, hPIV-2, hPIV-3, and RSV

The human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) are the leading causes of hospitalizations due to respiratory viral disease in infants and young children, but no vaccines are yet available. Here we describe the use of recombinant Sendai viruses (rSeVs) as candidate vaccine vectors for these respiratory viruses in a cotton rat model. Two new Sendai virus (SeV)-based hPIV-2 vaccine constructs were generated by inserting the fusion (F) gene or the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene from hPIV-2 into the rSeV genome. The inoculation of either vaccine into cotton rats elicited neutralizing antibodies toward both homologous and heterologous hPIV-2 virus isolates. The vaccines elicited robust and durable antibodies toward hPIV-2, and cotton rats immunized with individual or mixed vaccines were fully protected against hPIV-2 infections of the lower respiratory tract. The immune responses toward a single inoculation with rSeV vaccines were long-lasting and cotton rats were protected against viral challenge for as long as 11 months after vaccination. One inoculation with a mixture of the hPIV-2-HN-expressing construct and two additional rSeVs (expressing the F protein of RSV and the HN protein of hPIV-3) resulted in protection against challenge viruses hPIV-1, hPIV-2, hPIV-3, and RSV. Results identify SeV vectors as promising vaccine candidates for four different paramyxoviruses, each responsible for serious respiratory infections in children.
Primary creep in nickel: Experiments and theory

Primary creep in both polycrystalline and single crystalline pure nickel has been studied at a temperature range of 0.54–0.62 Tm and stress range of 1−5 × 10−4σ/μ. Although constant strain rate experiments and stress jump experiments in primary creep suggest that dynamic recovery controls fast deformation, diffusion controlled static recovery was found dominant at all but the very earliest stages of primary creep. Both deformation resistance and internal stress was found to evolve systematically during primary creep. While such evolution reached steady state in single crystals at steady state in creep, this was not the case for polycrystals at the minimum creep rate. Theoretical scaling-law models are provided for the primary creep strain rate based on a combination of dynamic and static recovery for an evolving deformation resistance. These scaling laws, normalized with steady state properties, and in dimensionless time, demonstrate that while the time constants for dynamic recovery controlled creep are typically of only 102 s duration, those for static recovery controlled creep are of the order of 104 s, in the range of stress and temperature investigated here. These scaling laws also provide a general behavior pattern which can cope with the creep strain portion of any transient during primary creep. Fast, dynamic recovery controlled plastic portions of transient deformation require further study. Andrade's famous −23 time law for creep strain rate is shown to be a general by-product of dynamic recovery controlled transient deformation.
High-dose cyclophosphamide therapy for malignant disease. Toxicity, tumor response, and the effects of stored autologous marrow

Twenty-five patients with disseminated malignant disease received single or multiple courses of cyclophosphamide (CY) 60 to 120 mg/kg. Stored autologous marrow was infused following 120 mg/kg of CY in 6 instances. One patient received 240 mg/kg of CY over a 4-day period followed by autologous marrow infusion. Patients receiving 60 mg/kg showed a moderate leukopenia (mean nadir of 500/mm3), anemia (mean hematocrit decline of 8.2 vol%) and variable thrombocytopenia that ranged from no change to 34,000/mm3 with a mean nadir of 127,000/mm3. Increasing the dose to 120 mg/kg produced leukopenia to below 500 cells/mm3 with a mean nadir of 120 cells/mm3. Thrombocytopenia was severe with a mean nadir of 37,000/mm3. Hematocrit values in this group fell by 15.2 vol%. Infectious complications occurred following 1 of 10 courses at 60 mg/kg and 18 of 35 courses at 120 mg/kg. In the latter group, there were 7 episodes of septicemia including one death from pseudomonas septicemia. A second patient, with cerebral metastases, died of a CNS hemorrhage. The patient receiving 240 mg/kg died as a consequence of myocardial necrosis. The infusion of autologous marrow had no apparent effect on hemopoietic recovery or infectious complications. Of the responding patients, 3 had ovarian carcinoma, 3 had testicular tumors, 1 had adenocarcinoma of the bowel, and 1 had an undifferentiated malignancy.
Neutropenia, Inflammation, and the Kinetics of Transfused Neutrophils in Rabbits

A rabbit model was used to study the effects of neutropenia and inflammation on the intravascular distribution, survival, and tissue accumulation of transfused neutrophils. Donor blood labeled with [(3)H]thymidine was infused into normal or neutropenic (vinblastine treated) animals. Inflammation was created by subcutaneous implantation of polyvinyl sponges, some with added endotoxin. Initial circulating neutrophil pool recovery, survival, and inflammatory site accumulation of labeled neutrophils were measured. Neutropenia was associated with a relative increase in the marginal pool size, manifested by a diminished initial circulating pool (CNP) recovery of transfused cells. The CNP recovery was directly proportional to recipient neutrophil count. Neutropenia had no effect on the intravascular survival of transfused cells and was accompanied by only a modest decrease in the inflammatory site recovery of the transfused neutrophils (10.4+/-5.4 vs. 14.4+/-4.0% in normals). Inflammation in the form of subcutaneous polyvinyl sponges was accompanied by an increase in margination with initial CNP recoveries of 24.3+/-4.7 and 27.6+/-8.8% at zero and 4 h after implantation respectively (normal, 38.2+/-9.9%). Transit through the CNP was hastened by inflammation with a t((1/2)) of 2.02+/-0.72 h (normal, 3.2+/-1.0 h). Addition of endotoxin to the sponges further perturbed cell kinetics. CNP recoveries were considerably lower and half-lifes were initially shorter and subsequently uninterpretable in studies done after endotoxin sponge insertion. Inflammatory site accumulation was markedly diminished to 7.4+/-1.9% of injected neutrophil label in the endotoxin sponge animals, suggesting that many of the transfused cells were functionally unavailable rather than marginated. These studies demonstrate that neutropenia and inflammation with or without endotoxin markedly alter the kinetics of transfused neutrophils and that CNP recovery of transfused cells is not necessarily predictive of their inflammatory site accumulation.
The Role of Mitochondria in Drosophila Aging

Understanding how alterations in mitochondrial function in different cells and tissues impacts the aging process remains one of the greatest challenges facing biogerontologists. Here, we discuss the recent upsurge in research in this area using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. Topics that are discussed include age-related changes in mitochondrial function, mitochondrial oxidative stress and lifespan, life extension mediated by moderate knock-down of genes important for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function, and the relationship between dietary restriction and ETC activity. Finally, we review recent approaches to supplement the endogenous fly ETC with a single-subunit mitochondrial respiratory enzyme from yeast.
Study of mode locking in (GaAl) as injection lasers

This paper describes the important experimental parameters affecting the mode locking of a variety of (GaAl)As injection lasers operating in an external optical cavity. We find that short detector limited pulses (less than 60 ps) and 100 percent modulation depth can only be obtained using lasers which exhibit either an anomalous narrow-band noise or self-pulsations. Little or no mode locking is observed in lasers having the normal broad noise resonance. The observed amplitude, pulsewidth, and frequency of the mode-locked pulses are correlated to the degree of self-pulsation and the external cavity length. The experimental results obtained are in qualitative agreement with a model which uses the rate equations modified by either electron traps or saturable absorbers and a delayed feedback term. Our results appear to imply that mode locking in injection lasers is related to laser defects and is very similar to passive mode locking in dye lasers.
Experiments on resonant photopumping of Mo VII for a VUV laser near 600 A

We present recent experimental data related to the resonant photopumping of Mo VII by Mo XII as a method of generating a VUV source near 600 A. The experiment is based on a scheme proposed by Feldman and Reader (1989), in which the excitation of the 4p5 6s - 4p6 transition in Mo VII by the 5s 2Ssub 1/2 - 4p 2Psub 1/2 transition in Mo XII produces a population inversion on one of several 6s-5p transitions in Mo VII. The generation of plasmas suitable for photopumping experiments is established from the presentation of measurements of line emission from Mo plasmas as a function of laser and target parameters. Results of the laser produced plasma experiments show the successful enhancement of the population of the Mo VII 4p5 6s upper lasing level when pumped by an adjacent Mo XII plasma. We also present results where improvements of the intensity of the Mo XII pump source, achieved using an additional pump laser, lead to the generation of a population inversion for a VUV transition.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On projective varieties of codimension 2

One of the important developments of the early 1970's in algebraic geometry was the discovery by Barth [1], subsequently enlarged on by many others, that submanifolds X of projective space, whose codimension is small compared with their dimension, "look" homologically like complete intersections. This focused attention on the fact that no such X were known other than complete intersections, and led Hartshorne [4] to conjecture that X must in fact be a complete intersection if 2 codim(X) < dim(X). Hartshorne and, independently, Barth and Van de Ven [3] proved that if the degree (hence also the codimension) of X are much smaller than its dimension, then X is a complete intersection. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the program of proving that projective varieties of small codimension are complete intersections, by proving the following.
Abnormal pulmonary function specifically related to congestive heart failure: comparison of patients before and after cardiac transplantation.

Abstract purpose: A variety of abnormalities in pulmonary function have been attributed to, or are believed to be, exacerbated by congestive heart failure. Separating out specific contributions from cardiac versus pulmonary disease is difficult. In order to investigate the impact of cardiac disease on pulmonary function, we performed spirometry on patients immediately before and after cardiac transplantation. patients and methods: Seventeen patients (13 men, 4 women) with a mean age of 44 years (range: 20 to 62 years) were studied before and 15 ± 10 (mean ± SD) months after cardiac transplantation. Eleven patients had a significant smoking history. results: In comparing pre- and post-transplant spirometric results, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) increased substantially after transplant (3.34 ± 0.96 L versus 3.89 ± 1.00 L, p=0.0054, and 2.63 ± 0.80 L versus 2.95 ± 0.83 L, p=0.042, respectively). FEV 1 /FVC was not significantly different between study states in the entire group (0.78 ± 0.10 versus 0.76 ± 0.10, p=NS), nor was it different in those patients with and without a smoking history (0.76 ± 0.11 versus 0.72 ± 0.10, p=NS, and 0.87 ± 0.06 versus 0.84 ± 0.02, p=NS, respectively). Furthermore, normal lung volumes were obtained after transplant in those patients without a smoking history in contrast to those with a smoking history. Finally, the increase in FVC after cardiac transplantation directly correlated with the decrease in cardiac volume with cardiac replacement (r = 0.83, p conclusion: We conclude that in patients selected as cardiac transplant candidates (those without severe obstructive lung disease), restrictive but not obstructive pulmonary physiology can be attributed in part to congestive heart failure, and a major part of the reduction in lung volumes is secondary to the space occupied by a large heart. Other factors, such as accompanying pleural effusions and interstitial edema, likely contribute to the reduction in lung volumes. Abnormal pulmonary function secondary to chronic congestive heart failure in this selected population is completely reversible with normalization of cardiovascular physiology and anatomy.
Trapping phosphodiester-quinone methide adducts through in situ lactonization.

The goal of in situ modification of DNA via phosphodiester alkylation has led to our design of quinone methide derivatives capable of alkylating dialkyl phosphates. A series of catechol derivatives were investigated to trap the phosphodiester−quinone methide alkylation adduct through in situ lactonization. The catechol derivatives were uniquely capable of characterizable p-quinone methide formation for mechanistic clarity. These investigations revealed that with a highly reactive lactonization group (phenyl ester), lactonization competed with quinone methide formation. Lactone-forming groups of lower reactivity (methyl ester, n-propyl ester, and dimethyl amide) allowed quinone methide formation followed by phosphodiester alkylation; however, they were ineffective at in situ lactonization to drain the phosphodiester alkylation equilibrium to the desired phosphotriester product. The derivatives tethered with lactone-forming functionality of intermediate reactivity (chloro-, trichloro-, and trifluoroethyl es...
Deductive analysis of a protein-synthesis mutant of Escherichia coli.

A mutant of E. coli, Ts68b, selected as unable to grow at 43 C, is unable to synthesize proteins at 43 C, though it can carry out this function at 30 C. This defect is shown to be in the protein-synthetic rather than the RNA-synthetic machinery by an analysis of the response of the strain to infection with the RNA bacteriophage f2. An analysis of the capacity for RNA synthesis and the polyribosome content of these cells at 44 C indicates that the defect resides in the elongation step of protein synthesis. No defects could be detected in vitro. The results are discussed in light of similar data on other mutants and in relation to the general approach of analyzing complex mutants selected with ill-defined phenotypes.
La Roy Sunderland: The Alienation of an Abolitionist

In November 1842, La Roy Sunderland, Orange Scott and Jotham Horton, leading abolitionists and ministers, withdrew from the Methodist Episcopal Church. The first issue of the True Wesleyan, Scott's anti-slavery newspaper, published an announcement of their withdrawal and their reasons for deciding to do so. They could no longer serve a church that condoned slavery and that scarcely permitted delegates to its conferences to raise the issue there. The three dissenters saw what they regarded as the high-handed tactics of the bishops in preventing conferences from considering anti-slavery resolutions as resting upon ‘the assumptions of Rome’! This act of withdrawal and the formation of the wesleyan Methodist Church die following May came after a six years' struggle between the radical abolitionists within the Church and their more conservative brethren, principally the bishops, who had stifled discussion of the slavery issue in order to preserve the Church as a national entity. This Wesleyan schism is a token of the change that is the subject of this essay.
The Greening of the Gospel (and Black Body): Rev. Ike’s Gospel of Wealth and Post-Blackness Theology

The purpose of this essay is to explore Rev. Ike’s particular form of positive confession theology and self-representation in relationship to his own professed post-black identity. By fusing the conversionist elements of his Pentecostal roots with the Spiritualist teachings of metaphysics and New Thought philosophy, Rev. Ike offered African Americans a theological vision of attaining material wealth while effacing what he and many of his followers regarded as the multiple negative cultural markers that blackness signified. This was not simply a theology that was preached from the pulpit; it was packaged and presented within media frames. Therefore, this essay will equally unveil and demystify the multiple aesthetic representations and conspicuous displays deployed by Eikerenkoetter, which reflect well-worn strategies on the part of the oppressed that connect understandings of citizenship and freedom with hyperconsumption.
Immunopathology of Mastitis: Insights into Disease Recognition and Resolution

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland commonly caused by bacterial infection. The inflammatory process is a normal and necessary immunological response to invading pathogens. The purpose of host inflammatory responses is to eliminate the source of tissue injury, restore immune homeostasis, and return tissues to normal function. The inflammatory cascade results not only in the escalation of local antimicrobial factors, but also in the increased movement of leukocytes and plasma components from the blood that may cause damage to host tissues. A precarious balance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mechanisms is needed to ensure optimal bacterial clearance and the prompt return to immune homeostasis. Therefore, inflammatory responses must be tightly regulated to avoid bystander damage to the milk synthesizing tissues of the mammary gland. The defense mechanisms of the mammary gland function optimally when invading bacteria are recognized promptly, the initial inflammatory response is adequate to rapidly eliminate the infection, and the mammary gland is returned to normal function quickly without any noticeable clinical symptoms. Suboptimal or dysfunctional mammary gland defenses, however, may contribute to the development of severe acute inflammation or chronic mastitis that adversely affects the quantity and quality of milk. This review will summarize critical mammary gland defense mechanisms that are necessary for immune surveillance and the rapid elimination of mastitis-causing organisms. Situations in which diminished efficiency of innate or adaptive mammary gland immune responses may contribute to disease pathogenesis will also be discussed. A better understanding of the complex interactions between mammary gland defenses and mastitis-causing pathogens should prove useful for the future control of intramammary infections.
Perinatal conditions and infant development in children with schizophrenic parents.

Abstract A twenty‐year study was begun in Denmark in 1962 of the differential effects of pregnancy and delivery complications on children of schizophrenic parents, on children of normal parents, and on children of parents with nonschizophrenic psychiatric disorders. This paper studies these children and their parents in 1971 utilizing data on pregnancy, delivery, and the physical and neurological examinations of the children at birth and at one year of age. Results include (1) a higher incidence of mildly low birth weight in children born to schizophrenics, also associated with developmental abnormalities at one year, (2) a higher incidence of infant females suffering from the effects of pregnancy complications, particularly where the schizophrenic parent was the father, and (3) a large number of results which involve the schizophrenic fathers.
Miniature high-frequency temperature-insensitive fiber optic pressure sensor for gas turbine engine applications

A newly developed fiber optic pressure sensor for gas turbine applications is described in this paper. The sensor is based on Self-Calibrated Interferometric/Intensity-Based fiber optic sensor technologies. In addition to the generic fiber sensor advantages, the new sensor was also shown to have all the distinct advantages of interferometric and intensity-based sensors while their disadvantages are significantly reduced. The sensor has a frequency response of approximately 100 kHz, and can be operate at temperatures up to 700 degrees C. The sensor was tested in simulated flow conditions similar to that found in a gas turbine engine. Excellent agreement was obtained in the measured pressure comparing the fiber-optic sensor to a conventional high frequency, semiconductor based pressure transducer.
Differential effects of hypophysectomy upon analgesia induced by two glucoprivic stressors and morphine

Pain threshold elevations induced in rats following acute exposure to stressful cold-water swims and to inescapable foot shocks are significantly attenuated by hypophysectomy. The present study investigated the effects of hypophysectomy upon the dose-dependent and time-dependent analgesia induced by morphine and by the glucoprivic agents, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and insulin. Two reflex pain tests, the tail-pinch and the flinch-jump were employed. In normal rats, insulin induced prolonged (180 min) analgesia at doses of 16 U/kg on the tail-pinch test and 256 U/kg on the flinch-jump test. However, the same agents induced small and brief pain threshold elevations in hypophysectomized animals. By contrast, though 2-DG increased both measures in both groups, its effects were more marked in hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomized rats also exhibited a potentiated analgesic effect on both tests following high doses of morphine. On the other hand, low doses of morphine transiently increased tail-pinch thresholds in normal, but not hypophysectomized subjects. These data provide further evidence of multiple pain-inhibitory mechanisms in which the pituitary plays a complex, but integral part.
Breast Cancer Pharmacogenetics in the Era of Personalized Medicine

Pharmacogenetic research has the potential to identify appropriate individualized therapeutic regimens based upon a patient’s genetic makeup. Numerous genetic variants that may modify the effects of drugs commonly used to treat breast cancer have been examined; however, current evidence is insufficient to support the clinical utility of any of these markers. Recent research in breast cancer pharmacogenetics has included genes in drug metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA repair, and other pathways, and outcome after breast cancer chemotherapy. Studies have also addressed the basis for taxane-induced neurotoxicity and aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms. For tamoxifen, despite promising results from previous studies for a role of CYP2D6 genotypes in predicting breast cancer recurrence, data from two prospective randomized trials have not supported these findings. Genome-wide approaches based on large prospective randomized trials have the potential to greatly elucidate the genomic basis for optimizing drug efficacy and reducing toxicity.
Comparison of near-field methods at NIST

A comparison of the planar, spherical and cylindrical near-field techniques was completed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for a Ku-band cassegrain reflector antenna. This paper discusses the measurement results for the near-to-far field measurements.
p53 deficiency fails to prevent increased programmed cell death in the Bcl-X(L)-deficient nervous system.

Bcl-XL mice display a similar neurodevelopmental phenotype as rb, DNA ligase IV, and XRCC4 mutant embryos, suggesting that endogenous Bcl-XL expression may protect immature neurons from death caused by DNA damage and/or cell cycle dysregulation. To test this hypothesis, we generated bcl-x/p53 double mutants and examined neuronal cell death in vivo and in vitro. Bcl-XL-deficient primary telencephalic neuron cultures were highly susceptible to the apoptotic effects of cytosine arabinoside (AraC), a known genotoxic agent. In contrast, neurons lacking p53, or both Bcl-XL and p53, were markedly, and equivalently, resistant to AraC-induced caspase-3 activation and death in vitro indicating that Bcl-XL lies downstream of p53 in DNA damage-induced neuronal death. Despite the ability of p53 deficiency to protect Bcl-XL-deficient neurons from DNA damage-induced apoptosis in vitro, p53 deficiency had no effect on the increased caspase-3 activation and neuronal cell death observed in the developing Bcl-XL-deficient nervous system. These findings suggest that Bcl-XL expression in the developing nervous system critically regulates neuronal responsiveness to an apoptotic stimulus other than inadequate DNA repair or cell cycle abnormalities.
Limb regeneration of the adult newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in the absence of the spleen

It has been suggested that the immune system might figure prominently in the regulation of forelimb regeneration. However, neither the nature of this influence nor the aspect(s) of regeneration influenced are clearly known. The determination of which components of the immune system are indispensable for regeneration would be a logical first step in attempting to address such questions. This investigation, therefore, examined the effects of removing the spleen, a major lymphoid organ in the newt, upon the progress of regeneration. Splenectomies performed concomitantly with or after forelimb amputation failed to alter the time course of regeneration. Splenectomies, but not sham-splenectomies, performed prior to amputation reduced the time required to achieve successive stages of regeneration under some, but not all conditions, i.e., when performed 10–20 days before amputation, during the late fall and winter. Up until 35 days after amputation, no gross morphological distortions were observed as a result of splenectomy. It was concluded that the spleen is not required for regeneration to occur.