cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A rural outreach program for emergency nurses

Nurses practicing in a rural setting play a vital role in providing and improving rural emergency care. 1 In many small rural hospitals nurses manage the initial care of critically ill patients, a 3 However, the nurse who works in the rural emergency department often has several other duties, such as hospital shift supervisor, critical care unit staff member, or provider of obstetric coverage, and there is limited opportunity to obtain continuing education within rural communities.i, 5 In addition, economic pressures have forced many rural hospitals to adopt ED staffing patterns that allow little time for staff education. Travel times from the rural community to a course given in an urban setting can take 2 to 4 hours in West Virginia; a 1-hour course can become a full-day project. The Emergency Nurses Partnership Program (ENPP) of West Virginia University was created to provide an opportunity for continuing education to be presented at rural hospitals, to encourage interaction between the rural emergency nurses and the ENPP teaching staff, and to allow for a precepted experience at a tertiary care facility. The partnership program resulted from the use of Partners in Health Care hospitals as the source of survey information and as the initial target audience. It also resulted from the partnership of the rural nurse with a tertiary care staff nurse during the clinical portion of the program. The program was specifically targeted for full-time and parttime nurses who work in the emergency department. However, any health care provider at the hospital was welcome to participate.
Being Sam Malone: customer service on a campus where "Everybody Knows Your Name"

Working on a small campus has many advantages: Familiarity with the majority of faculty and staff, in-depth knowledge of how systems interact, adding the personal touch to each interaction with the users. However, this can also be a challenge, as knowing the personal history of some users leads us to make assumptions and generalizations with their problems.This talk will cover how we at Grinnell College deal with a very heterogeneous user base, and what we have learned through training and experience about what to do, and what not to do, with those "difficult" situations.
Observations of snow crystals using low‐temperature scanning electron microscopy

Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe precipitation particles commonly known as “snowflakes.” The snowflakes were collected in Beltsville, Maryland, at temperatures ranging from −6° to +1°C, mounted on SEM stubs, frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2), and then transferred to a cryosystem mounted on a field-emission SEM. Neither sputter coating with platinum nor irradiation by the electron beam affected their delicate fine structure. SEM observations revealed that snowflakes consisted of aggregations of snow crystals that occurred as hexagonal plates, prismatic columns, needles, and dendrites. In some cases, the snow crystals contained minute surface structures that consisted of rime, microdroplets, short prismatic columns, and amorphous films. Snow crystals from wet snow, which were collected at temperatures of 0° and +1°C, exhibited varying degrees of metamorphism or melting. The discrete crystalline faces and their sharp intersecting angles were gradually replaced by sinuous surfaces that tended to exhibit more spherical shapes. This study indicates that low-temperature SEM is a valuable technique for studying the formation and metamorphosis of snow crystals. The results suggest that combining low-temperature SEM and x-ray analysis could also provide qualitative elemental information on the nucleation particles of snow crystals as well as on the composition of acid snow.
Ultrasonic evidence for a structural phase transition at 220 K in YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

Ultrasonic study of the superconductor $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ reveals the existence of a shear instability centered at \ensuremath{\sim}220 K. This instability is manifested by a large step in both the longitudinal and transverse velocities. This step is also accompanied by a peak in the attenuation. The analysis of the results suggests that the instability corresponds to a structural order-disorder transition.
Steady-state stiffness of utricular hair cells depends on macular location and hair bundle structure

Spatial and temporal properties of head movement are encoded by vestibular hair cells in the inner ear. One of the most striking features of these receptors is the orderly structural variation in t...
THE ACQUISITION OF OBSERVING

Pigeons were exposed to stimuli correlated with the presence or absence of a variable-interval 60-second schedule of reinforcement only while they depressed a crossbar or "perch." In the first experiment, the stimuli were different tilts of a line displayed on the key. When the difference in brightness between the line and the background (salience) was maximal, seven of eight birds acquired the discrimination, but when the difference was reduced by 50%, only one succeeded. In the second experiment, wavelength of chamber illumination served as the relevant dimension. Neither experiment showed a large effect attributable to the magnitude of the difference (disparity) between the positive and the negative stimulus. Individual differences in time spent observing were positively correlated with level of discrimination in the presence of the stimuli. All birds produced the positive stimulus for a greater proportion of the available time than they did the negative stimulus. This may be the mechanism that provides selective reinforcement of observing. Finally, the formation of a discrimination was analyzed in terms of changes in the proportion of time spent in contact with the discriminative stimuli.
Sausage-Making, Pigs' Ears, and Congressional Expansions of Federal Jurisdiction: Exxon Mobil v. Allapattah and Its Lessons for the Class Action Fairness Act

The year 2005 witnessed two watershed developments in federal jurisdiction: the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Allapattah Services, Inc. and the enactment of the Class Action Fairness Act (CAFA). Allapattah and CAFA raise the same fundamental question: how should courts interpret a statute whose text would expand federal jurisdiction far beyond what Congress apparently intended? In Allapattah, the Court confronted this question in resolving an aspect of the supplemental jurisdiction statute that had deeply divided both the judiciary and academia. CAFA's expansion of federal jurisdiction over class actions will require courts to struggle with this question once again. In light of these recent events and their common theme, this Article has two goals. First, it argues that CAFA - like its older cousin the supplemental jurisdiction statute - contains a fundamental disconnect between the legislative history and the statutory text. While CAFA's legislative history indicated that Congress meant to expand federal jurisdiction only to certain large class actions with interstate dimensions, the unambiguous text of CAFA authorizes removal of virtually every state court class action to federal court. This conflict threatens to create the same level of judicial and academic disagreement that plagued the supplemental jurisdiction statute over the last decade-and-a-half. Second, this Article examines Justice Anthony Kennedy's majority decision in Allapattah to divine its lessons for interpreting CAFA. Allapattah sent mixed messages, however. The Court's language in Allapattah imparted an unmistakable endorsement of textualism - jurisdictional statutes should be read no more narrowly or broadly than the text provides. But the Court's ultimate conclusion compromised strict fidelity to the text in order to avoid expanding jurisdiction far beyond what Congress apparently intended. The Court chose a compromise interpretation that expanded federal jurisdiction farther than the legislative history anticipated but not as far as the plain meaning of the statutory text would require. Thus, federal courts interpreting CAFA face a dilemma: follow Allapattah's explicit lesson and construe CAFA according to its text, or follow Allapattah's implicit lesson and strike a compromise between the legislative history and the statutory text. For courts following the latter approach, a compromise reading of CAFA may be available. This reading would eliminate certain requirements that had impeded the removal of class actions in the past, but it would not create an independent basis for removing all state court class actions; rather, a basis for removal must exist elsewhere in federal law.
Thin uranium dioxide films with embedded xenon

Abstract The ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) method was applied as a means to incorporate Xe atoms into UO 2 films to fabricate reference samples that are representative of an irradiated nuclear fuel without an actual reactor irradiation. The characterization of Xe content and the films microstructure was performed using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). A set of UO 2 films with excellent control of Xe content ranging from ∼1.0 to 4.0 at.% was fabricated. The thin UO 2 〈Xe〉 films deposited on single crystalline 4H–SiC substrates were found to be composed primarily of randomly oriented nanocrystalline grains and a small fraction of amorphous material. TEM analysis detected no Xe-filled bubbles at a scale of 2.5 nm or larger.
Implicit Representations of Rough Surfaces

Implicit surface techniques provide useful tools for modeling and rendering smooth surfaces. Deriving implicit formulations for fractal representations extends the scope of implicit surface techniques to rough surfaces. Linear fractals modeled by recurrent iterated function systems may be defined implicitly using either geometric distance or escape time. Random fractals modeled using Perlin's noise function are already defined implicitly when described as “hypertexture.” Deriving new implicit formulae is only the first step. Unlike their smooth counterparts, rough implicit surfaces require special rendering techniques that do not rely on continuous differentiation of the defining function. Preliminary experiments applying blending operations to rough surfaces have succeeded in an initial attempt to overcome current challenges in natural modeling. The grafting of a stem onto the base of a linear fractal leaf continuously blends smooth detail into rough detail. The blend of two textured cylinders interpolates geometric bark across branching points in a tree.
Analysis of Pairwise Pivoting in Gaussian Elimination

The method of Gaussian elimination using triangularization by elementary stabilized matrices constructed by pairwise pivoting is analyzed. It is shown that a variant of this scheme which is suitable for implementation on a paralle computer is numerically stable although the bound is larger than the one for the standard partial pivoting algorithm.
C58 production from dissociation of C60 by scattering from silica and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

Abstract The dissociation of C60 to C58 has been observed on surfaces of silica and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite by modulated molecular beam reaction spectroscopy. At 1200 K on both surfaces approximately 5% of the incident C60 dissociates and desorbs as C58. The activation energy for C58 production from C60 on the surface (≈ 2.5 eV) is considerably smaller than that required in the gas phase, possibly due to the stabilization of the C1 or C2 products on the surface. At surface temperatures between 1000 and 1200 K, carbon was detected on the SiO2 surface.
An analysis of the development of accounting knowledge: A pragmatic approach

Abstract At the turn of the century, an emerging corporate economy created stark contradictions between individualistic economic theories and actual economic conditions in the United States. I use the pragmatic concept of deliberation to examine proprietary theory in order to highlight the important role that accounting knowledge and expertise played in resolving this conflict. The analysis highlights the naturalistic tenor of proprietary discourse and the discrepancy between the discourse and the techniques that proprietary theorists adopted. I conclude with an examination of the commitment that proprietary theorists made, a discussion of how those commitments are reflected in contemporary research, and a suggestion that we adopt a pragmatic perspective to analyse the role of our discipline in today's society.
Maps - a Planning Tool for Corps of Engineers Regional Water Supply Studies

: A computer program (MAPS - Methodology for Areawide Planning Studies) has been developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station to assist planners in producing a comprehensive array of alternatives without sacrificing the detail and accuracy of the analyses. MAPS is a set of computer based models which can be used to simulate the water resource alternatives and to develop planning level design and cost estimates. Two application examples are discussed. The Salinas-Monterey (California) Urban Study sought to identify and determine cost of combinations of water source, transmission, and treatment to meet an array of water needs in future years. The Nashville (Tennessee) Urban Study had similar objectives but the output was prepared on a service area basis for more than 40 such units. Using MAPS it was possible to prepare planning level design and cost estimates for a very large number of alternatives.
Caspase-activated phosphoinositide binding by CNT-1 promotes apoptosis by inhibiting the AKT pathway

Work in Caenorhabditis elegans identifies a substrate for CED-3 caspase during apoptosis, CNT-1. The cleavage product of CNT-1 localizes to the plasma membrane and blocks the activation of AKT by PIP3, suppressing AKT's prosurvival effects.
A Bicriterion Maximal Covering Location Formulation Which Considers the Satisfaction of Uncovered Demand

There have been many applications of the maximal covering location problem (MCLP). An underlying assumption of the MCLP is that demand not covered (i.e., not within a prespecified maximal distance of a facility) is not served. This may be an unrealistic assumption in many location planning scenarios, especially in the public sector. For example, in cases such as fire protection or ambulance service, calls not technically covered will still be serviced. The MCLP, however, does not consider the distances or travel times necessary to service such demand. This paper presents a bicriterion locational covering model which explicitly considers the travel distance or time necessary to service demand not within the maximal covering distance of a facility. The model may be used to generate noninferior (Pareto optimal) siting configurations which demonstrate the inherent trade-offs between a siting scheme designed to maximize total coverage and one designed to minimize total travel time for uncovered demand to reach its nearest facility. In addition, it is shown that for any particular weighting scheme on the two objectives, the problem can be solved as a p-median problem; a problem for which several efficient solution methods exist.
New Variable Thickness Infrared Cell and the Infrared Spectra of HF, DF, H 2 O, and D 2 O†

A new variable thickness infrared cell which may be used for corrosive liquids such as HF or for aqueous solutions is described. The cell is constructed of Monel metal with silver chloride windows, and is variable from a few microns up to about three quarters of a millimeter in thickness. The infrared spectra of liquid HF, DF, H2O, and D2O are given along with the absorption coefficients for the principal peaks.
A Germline Clone Screen on the X Chromosome Reveals Novel Meiotic Mutants in Drosophila melanogaster

In an effort to isolate novel meiotic mutants that are severely defective in chromosome segregation and/or exchange, we employed a germline clone screen of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. We screened over 120,000 EMS-mutagenized chromosomes and isolated 19 mutants, which comprised nine complementation groups. Four of these complementation groups mapped to known meiotic genes, including mei-217, mei-218, mei-9, and nod. Importantly, we have identified two novel complementation groups with strong meiotic phenotypes, as assayed by X chromosome nondisjunction. One complementation group is defined by three alleles, and the second novel complementation group is defined by a single allele. All 19 mutants are homozygous viable, fertile, and fully recessive. Of the 9 mutants that have been molecularly characterized, 5 are canonical EMS-induced transitions, and the remaining 4 are transversions. In sum, we have identified two new genes that are defined by novel meiotic mutants, in addition to isolating new alleles of mei-217, mei-218, mei-9, and nod.
Do Overvaluation-Driven Stock Acquisitions Really Benefit Acquirer Shareholders?

I study the effects of overvalued equity on acquisition activity and shareholder wealth, using managers’ insider trades to measure overvaluation. I find that overvalued equity drives managers to make stock acquisitions, and such acquisitions destroy value for acquirer shareholders. Overvalued stock acquirers earn negative and lower returns in the short run and substantially underperform similarly overvalued nonacquirer firms in the long run. My results do not support the idea that managers can benefit shareholders by converting overvalued equity into real assets through stock acquisitions.
Spatial control of cavitation: theoretical and experimental validation of a dual-frequency excitation method

Inertial cavitation has been implicated as the primary mechanism for a host of emerging applications. In all these applications, the main concern is to induce cavitation in perfectly controlled locations in the field, this means specifically to be able to achieve cavitation threshold at the geometrical focus of the transducer without stimulating its near field. In this study, we develop dual-frequency methods to preferentially lower the cavitation threshold at the focus relative to the rest of the field. One family of dual-frequency driving waveforms is evaluated in a bubble model incorporating rectified diffusion. Results are then verified by experiment. Finally, the performance of the rest of the acoustic field in suppressing cavitation when cavitation is induced at the focus is investigated theoretically and checked experimentally. This study shows that dual-frequency phased arrays could be used to precisely control cavitation. The cavitation threshold is proved to be almost 1.3 times higher in the near field than at the focus. The concept of cavitation field is introduced and complements cavitation studies concentrating on the focal behavior only.
PERSPECTIVES ON PLANT AND SOIL NEMATOLOGY

During my career in Plant Pathology/Nematology, many major advancements have occurred in the study of nematodes-even with their being largely soilborne and thus often overlooked. These biotrophic organisms include the most widespread and important group of plant pathogens-the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne species-which attack most major crops, as well as thousands of non-crop plant species. Landmark achievements that catalyzed research on these organisms included the discovery of effective nematicides, ectoparasitic forms, elucidation of disease complexes, nematodes as virus vectors, development of host resistance, and new technologies for research. Evolving research thrusts involve interfacing traditional and molecular systematics/diagnostics, adoption of the Caenorhabditis elegans-molecular genetics resource for general nematological research, focus on genetics of parasitism, use of molecular tools in developing host resistance, ecological and quantitative facets, and soil-biology-ecology based integrated management. Educational and international programs are encountering many changes and challenges, as is support for nematology in general.
Dependence of the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals on idealized shape models

Abstract. The projections of small ice crystals (with maximum dimension P 11 and asymmetry parameter g ) are computed by a ray-tracing code. Compared with previously used models, 3B scatters less light in the forward and more light in the lateral and backward directions. The Chebyshev particles and Gaussian random spheres show smooth and featureless P 11 , whereas droxtals and 3Bs, which have a faceted structure, show several peaks in P 11 associated with angles of minimum deviation. Overall, the difference in the forward (lateral; backward) scattering between models are up to 22% (994%; 132%), 20% (510%; 101%), and 16% (146%; 156%) for small ice crystals with respective area ratios of 0.85, 0.77, and 0.69. The g for different models varies by up to 25%, 23%, and 19% for particles with area ratios of 0.85, 0.77, and 0.69, respectively. Because the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals depend both on the choice of the idealized model and the area ratios used to characterize the small ice crystals, higher resolution observations of small ice crystals or direct observations of their single-scattering properties are required.
Erinnerungseffekte und Stereochemie bei Carboniumionen-Reaktionen†

Bei vielen Carboniumionen-Umlagerungen, die in Losung uber mehrere aufeinander-folgende Zwischenstufen verlaufen, bestimmt die stereochemische Konfiguration am Ausgangspunkt der Heterolyse zwei Reaktionsschritte spater die Spezifitat der Wanderung. Diese Erinnerungseffekte (memory effects) konnen kleinen, bislang unbeobachtbaren Minima in der Energieoberflache zugeschrieben werden. Durch Markierungsmethoden aller Art wird gezeigt, das Erinnerungseffekte allgemein bei der Bildung bicyclischer Carboniumionen durch Ringerweiterung auftreten. Die Zwischenstufen bei diesen Reaktionen verhalten sich unsymmetrisch, obwohl sie im Gleichgewichtszustand notwendigerweise symmetrisch oder quasi-symmetrisch sind. Der Erinnerungseffekt benutzt die Geschwindigkeit einer intramolekularen Carboniumionen-Umlagerung als Bezugsgrose, mit der die Geschwindigkeit der Symmetrieeinstellung verglichen wird. Auf diese Weise dient das System zum Nachweis von Subspezies.
Collaborative Learning about Forest Understory Restoration and Management: Identifying Goals and Sharing Knowledge

Ecosystem services provided by forests (e.g., nutrient cycling) are critical in midwestern landscapes. We conducted collaborative workshops with forest landowners and management professionals using specific strategies to provide information about nutrient dynamics in forests and learn about goals/obstacles for forest management in Iowa. Preparticipation surveys assessed knowledge and goals and postparticipation surveys measured learning and potential for forest management. Landowners’ goals included conservation, aesthetics, recreation, and water quality, whereas lack of management activities (e.g., harvesting), insufficient funding, and invasive species were cited as obstacles. Education and restoration of ecosystem integrity were identified as means to achieve goals. The collaborative learning framework contributed to increased participant knowledge about ecosystem structure/ function and plans for invasive species control, timber stand improvement, and restoration of desirable species. Facilitators learned that resources on invasive species management, as well as “easy-to-use” information about understory plants, would support additional restoration education and action.
Titanium nitride coating to enhance the performance of silicon nanoparticles as a lithium-ion battery anode

Titanium nitride (TiN) coated silicon nanoparticles were synthesized via reduction of TiO2-coated silicon nanoparticles under nitrogen. When evaluated as an anode for lithium-ion batteries, the material exhibited stable performance and excellent coulombic efficiency for 100 charge–discharge cycles at 0.1 C rate, in addition to significantly enhanced rate performance.
Treatment for Mitral Regurgitation: Which One Are We Talking About?∗

As emphasized in the 2014 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the treatment of valvular heart disease [(1)][1], primary (degenerative) and secondary (functional) mitral regurgitation (MR) are 2 nearly separate diseases with different definitions, different
Taking Research Services to the Next Level: A Case Study of Implementing a Scholarly Impact Outreach Program for Faculty and Graduate Students

In academic institutions today, there are greater expectations of accountability requiring tenure-track faculty to substantively demonstrate scholarly impact for annual reporting, benchmarking, and promotion and tenure. Database vendors and other content providers are creating robust, yet user-friendly, scholarly impact tools within current products. In response, institutional libraries are offering workshops, individual assistance, research guides, and other activities to promote the value and usage of these tools. However, there is no dedicated scholarly impact outreach program yet documented in the library literature. This article will discuss developing, implementing, and assessing an innovative scholarly impact outreach program based on the authorâ€™s experience as a librarian at Georgia State University.
Reconstruction of oversampled band-limited signals from /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ encoded binary sequences

Considers the application of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators to analog-to-digital conversion. The authors have previously shown that for constant input signals, optimal nonlinear decoding can achieve large gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over linear decoding. The present paper shows a similar result for band-limited input signals. The new nonlinear decoding algorithm is based on projections onto convex sets (POCS), and alternates between a time-domain operation and a band limitation to find a signal invariant under both. The time-domain operation results in a quadratic programming problem. The band limitation can be based on singular value decomposition of a certain matrix. The authors show simulation results for the SNR performance of a POCS-based decoder and a linear decoder for the single loop, double loop and two-stage /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators and for a specific fourth-order interpolative modulator. Depending on the modulator and the oversampling ratio, improvements in SNR of up to 10-20 dB can be achieved. >
Photoionization Dynamics in Pure Helium Droplets

The photoionization and photoelectron spectroscopy of pure He droplets were investigated at photon energies between 24.6 eV (the ionization energy of He) and 28.0 eV. Time-of-flight mass spectra and photoelectron images were obtained at a series of molecular beam source temperatures and pressures to assess the effect of droplet size on the photoionization dynamics. At source temperatures below 16 K, where there is significant production of clusters with more than 10(4) atoms, the photoelectron images are dominated by fast electrons produced via direct ionization, with a small contribution from very slow electrons with kinetic energies below 1 meV arising from an indirect mechanism. The fast photoelectrons from the droplets have as much as 0.5 eV more kinetic energy than those from atomic He at the same photon energy. This result is interpreted and simulated within the context of a "dimer model", in which one assumes vertical ionization from two nearest-neighbor He atoms to the attractive region of the He2+ potential energy curve. Possible mechanisms for the slow electrons, which were also seen at energies below IE(He), are discussed, including vibrational autoionizaton of Rydberg states comprising an electron weakly bound to the surface of a large HeN+ core.
Structural Fire Experimental Capabilities at the NIST National Fire Research Laboratory

The NIST National Fire Research Laboratory (NFRL) is a unique facility used to conduct real scale fire measurements. In 2015, the NFRL was expanded to enable research on the response of real-scale structural systems to realistic fire and mechanical loading under controlled laboratory conditions. The scientific objectives of the expanded NFRL are to develop an experimental database on the performance of materials, components, connections, assemblies, and systems under fire load. This data can be used by the international research community to validate and verify physics-based predictive models. The lab features two high bay test areas, a 18 m × 27 m strong floor with 1218 anchor points, a 9 m × 18 m strong wall with 420 anchor points, a hydraulic loading system, four large exhaust hoods instrumented for fire calorimetry, an emission control system for scrubbing acid gases and particles generated by real fuels, controlled gas and liquid fuel burners, water suppression systems, overhead cranes and conditioning space. The laboratory expansion was designed to accommodate experiments on real-scale structural systems and components up to two stories in height and 2 bays × 3 bays in plan. Through application of controlled loads, true service conditions can be simulated, and structures can be exposed to controlled and realistic fire conditions that grow, spread and decay with heat release rates as large as 20 MW. Measurement capabilities have been developed to characterize the response of structural systems and components up to failure and to characterize the fire heat release rate and thermal environment in real time. A detailed description of the laboratory is presented with an emphasis on measurement capabilities.
The Influence of Time and Plant Species on the Composition of the Decomposing Bacterial Community in a Stream Ecosystem

Foliar chemistry influences leaf decomposition, but little is known about how litter chemistry affects the assemblage of bacterial communities during decomposition. Here we examined relationships between initial litter chemistry and the composition of the bacterial community in a stream ecosystem. We incubated replicated genotypes of Populus fremontii and P. angustifolia leaf litter that differ in percent tannin and lignin, then followed changes in bacterial community composition during 28 days of decomposition using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing. Using a nested experimental design, the majority of variation in bacterial community composition was explained by time (i.e., harvest day) (R 2 = 0.50). Plant species, nested within harvest date, explained a significant but smaller proportion of the variation (R 2 = 0.03). Significant differences in community composition between leaf species were apparent at day 14, but no significant differences existed among genotypes. Foliar chemistry correlated significantly with community composition at day 14 (r = 0.46) indicating that leaf litter with more similar phytochemistry harbor bacterial communities that are alike. Bacteroidetes and β-proteobacteria dominated the bacterial assemblage on decomposing leaves, and Verrucomicrobia and α- and δ-proteobacteria became more abundant over time. After 14 days, bacterial diversity diverged significantly between leaf litter types with fast-decomposing P. fremontii hosting greater richness than slowly decomposing P. angustifolia; however, differences were no longer present after 28 days in the stream. Leaf litter tannin, lignin, and lignin: N ratios all correlated negatively with diversity. This work shows that the bacterial community on decomposing leaves in streams changes rapidly over time, influenced by leaf species via differences in genotype-level foliar chemistry.
Time/Motion Considerations Redirect Humanitarian Demining Effort

The search for buried landmines is currently a tedious and dangerous process, performed by hand to ensure the high degree of reliability required for reputable land recovery. An experimental class at MIT spent one semester working to develop new tools to increase the rate of manual landmine removal. By redefining the problem statement to address the results of a time/motion analysis, rather than directly addressing the landmine problem itself, the class conceived three new tools that use existing technologies in novel ways to increase the rate of the location and neutralization of hidden anti-personnel mines.
Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis and Control

Since 1990s,tuberculosis(TB) epidemic had reemerged in the world.WHO estimated that probably 1/3 of the world population is infected with tuberculosis,nearly 9 million new TB patients are found every year,of which 300 000-600 000 were multi drug resistant-TB(MDR-TB) patients,but the actual number of MDR-TB patients is more than 1 million,and the number of MDR-TB patient in China accounts for 1/4-1/3 of the world total.Drug resistant TB,especially MDR-TB,is one of the main causes of the reemergence of TB and the obstacles of TB control.This paper summarizes the MDR-TB epidemic and the control in the world to guide the further study of TB prevention and control.
Determination of lead content in edible oil by GFAAS

[Objective]To investigate the approach for lead content determination in edible oil by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry( GFAAS).[Methods]Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate( ADP) and palladium nitrate are used as the matrix modifier to test the lead content by GFAAS after digesting the oil with microwave. The ashing temperature and atomization temperature were setting as 850 ℃ and 1 800 ℃ respectively. [Results]The RSD of the samples was 2. 8%-3. 2%,the recoveries were 96%-103%. There were 2 lead contents over standard,with the rate of 2. 9%,among the 68 edible bulk oil samples of Shenzhen City.[Conclusion]This method is accurate,rapid and accurate,with high sensitivity and good linearity,which is suitable for testing lead in edible oil. The hygienic index situation of lead in edible oil sold is good in Shenzhen City.
Inhibition of PAIII rat prostatic adenocarcinoma growth and metastasis by a new diarylsulfonylurea antitumor agent, LY181984.

Abstract LY181984 4s a compound in a series of orally active diarylsulfonylureas with broad spectrum in vivo activity against syngeneic rodent and human xenograft tumor models. The PAIII rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model was used to evaluate the effects of this antitumor agent on the lymphatic and pulmonary metastasis of the tumor in male Lobund Wistar rats. LY181984 was inactive against the proliferation of PAIII cells in vitro. Following subcutaneous implantation of 106 PAIII cells in the tail, oral administration of LY181984 (25.0, 50.0, or 100.0 mg./kg./day) for 30 days had no significant effects on body weight gain. LY181984 treatment produced significant (p
Enhanced Na+ transport in an air-liquid interface culture system

Use of the air-liquid interface culture technique has produced improved morphological differentiation of rodent, canine, and human tracheal epithelia. We have investigated the effect of this cultur...
George Moore's Genres

This essay examines George Moore's autobiographical writing, prose fiction, and criticism for new ways of understanding shared tensions between narrative and theatre conventions in the 1880s and 1890s. Defiantly experimenting with speculative and fictionalised reminiscence, inter-arts comparisons, and consideration of an artist's care for their own reputation, Moore offers a rich field for explorations of the longevity and obsolescence of textual forms. Moore's reminiscences of British and French Impressionist painters focus more intently on the emergence of their reputations than their actual technical innovations, extending a habit developed in his novels of the 1880s of treating artistic production as small cells of a much wider network of affiliated entertainment industries. Likewise, his alternately gossipy and prescient art and theatre criticism maps surprising relations between the reception of Japanese prints, naturalism in England, changing theatrical conventions, and the influence of print journ...
A cloud-ozone data product from Aura OMI and MLS satellite measurements

Ozone within deep convective clouds is controlled by several factors involving photochemical reactions and transport. Gas-phase photochemical reactions and heterogeneous surface chemical reactions involving ice, water particles, and aerosols inside the clouds all contribute to the distribution and net production and loss of ozone. Ozone in clouds is also dependent on convective transport that carries low troposphere/boundary layer ozone and ozone precursors upward into the clouds. Characterizing ozone in thick clouds is an important step for quantifying relationships of ozone with tropospheric H2O, OH production, and cloud microphysics/transport properties. Although measuring ozone in deep convective clouds from either aircraft or balloon ozonesondes is largely impossible due to extreme meteorological conditions associated with these clouds, it is possible to estimate ozone in thick clouds using backscattered solar UV radiation measured by satellite instruments. Our study combines Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite measurements to generate a new research product of monthly-mean ozone concentrations in deep convective clouds between 30°S to 30°N for October 2004 - April 2016. These measurements represent mean ozone concentration primarily in the upper levels of thick clouds and reveal key features of cloud ozone including: persistent low ozone concentrations in the tropical Pacific of ~10 ppbv or less; concentrations of up to 60 pphv or greater over landmass regions of South America, southern Africa, Australia, and India/east Asia; connections with tropical ENSO events; and intra-seasonal/Madden-Julian Oscillation variability. Analysis of OMI aerosol measurements suggests a cause and effect relation between boundary layer pollution and elevated ozone inside thick clouds over land-mass regions including southern Africa and India/east Asia.
Static Nonlinear Control of Chemical Processes

Abstract Nonlinear static state feedback has been shown to exactly linearize the controlled dynamics of several low order models of chemical reaction systems. The present paper studies the robust stability of nonlinear feedback regulators constructed in this fashion. A sufficient condition for stability is derived as a bound on an external disturbance, the linearizing transformation, and the linearized closed loop dynamics. Though conservative, the derived condition does indicate that exact linearization by static state feedback can yield robustly stable regulators and place quantitative bounds on the admissable disturbances. The application to a simple chemical reaction model is used to illustrate this method of analysis.
Fatigue Modeling for Superelastic NiTi Considering Cyclic Deformation and Load Ratio Effects

A cumulative energy-based damage model, called total fatigue toughness, is proposed for fatigue life prediction of superelastic NiTi alloys with various deformation responses (i.e., transformation stresses), which also accounts for the effects of mean strain and stress. Mechanical response of superelastic NiTi is highly sensitive to chemical composition, material processing, as well as operating temperature; therefore, significantly different deformation responses may be obtained for seemingly identical NiTi specimens. In this paper, a fatigue damage parameter is proposed that can be used for fatigue life prediction of superelastic NiTi alloys with different mechanical properties such as loading and unloading transformation stresses, modulus of elasticity, and austenite-to-martensite start and finish strains. Moreover, the model is capable of capturing the effects of tensile mean strain and stress on the fatigue behavior. Fatigue life predictions using the proposed damage parameter for specimens with different cyclic stress responses, tested at various strain ratios (R e = e min /e max) are shown to be in very good agreement with the experimentally observed fatigue lives.
Automated synthesis of scalable algorithms for inferring non-local properties to assist in multi-robot teaming

Individual robots in multi-robot teams usually behave according to relatively simple and often deterministic rules. This behavioral regularity may allow for variations in one robot's behavior to provide useful information about the state of other robots in the team. Thus, coordinated motion between distantly separated robots could be achieved without direct communication. Unfortunately, the dynamics describing a collective multi-robot system will often be too complex to analytically derive the relationship between observed nearest-neighbor variations and environmentally driven changes in the behavior of remote robots. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be used to find this relationship within training data, but scalability of the approach requires that the resulting ANNs be functional even in teams with sizes not represented in the training data. To this end, we train a communication-free, localization ANN on one robot in a 3-robot team and show how it can be extended without re-training to larger teams. We test our approach in a distributed caging scenario where a chain of simulated robots searches for an object to encircle and executes a coordinated behavior, ideally with no communication, shortly after only one detects the object.
Corallite skeletal morphological variation in Hawaiian Porites lobata

Due to their high morphological plasticity and complex evolutionary history, the species boundaries of many reef-building corals are poorly understood. The skeletal structures of corals have traditionally been used for species identification, but these structures can be highly variable, and currently we lack knowledge regarding the extent of morphological variation within species. Porites species are notorious for their taxonomic difficulties, both morphologically and genetically, and currently there are several unresolved species complexes in the Pacific. Despite its ubiquitous presence and broad use in coral research, Porites lobata belongs to one such unresolved species complex. To understand the degree of intraspecific variation in skeletal morphology, 120 corallites from the Hawaiian P. lobata were examined. A subset of samples from two genetically differentiated populations from contrasting high- and low-stress environments in Maunalua Bay, Hawaii, were then quantitatively analyzed using multivariate morphometrics. Our observations revealed high intraspecific variation in corallite morphology, as well as significant morphological differences between the two populations of P. lobata. Additionally, significant correlation was found between the morphological and genetic distances calculated from approximately 18,000 loci generated from restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. The unique morphological characters observed from the genetically differentiated population under environmental stress suggest that these characters may have adaptive values, but how such traits relate to fitness and how much plasticity they can exhibit remain to be determined by future studies. Relatively simple morphometric analyses used in our study can be useful in clarifying the existing ambiguity in skeletal architecture, thus contributing to resolving species issues in corals.
Immigrant, Bilingual Parents of Students with Disabilities: Positive Perceptions and Supportive Dialogue.

Parent-professional partnerships are essential for meaningful and effective inclusion of students with disabilities. Research indicates that partnerships with immigrant, bilingual parents can be ch...
CD161 mediates prenatal immune suppression of IFNγ-producing PLZF+T cells

While the fetal immune system defaults to a program of tolerance, there is concurrent need for protective immunity to meet the antigenic challenges after birth. Activation of fetal T cells is associated with fetal inflammation and the termination of pregnancy, yet which fetal T cells contribute to this process is poorly understood. Here we show a transcriptionally distinct population of pro-inflammatory T cells that predominates in the human fetal intestine. Activation of PLZF+ T cells results in rapid production of Th1 cytokines and is inhibited upon ligation of surface CD161. This mechanism of fetal immune suppression may inform how immune dysregulation could result in fetal and neonatal inflammatory pathologies such as preterm birth. Our data support that human development of protective adaptive immunity originates in utero within the specialized microenvironment of the fetal intestine.
1,3-Bis(4-bromo­phen­yl)propane

The title compound, C15H14Br2, obtained through the reduction of 4,4′-di­bromo­chalcone, has monoclinic P21 symmetry at 100 K. No directional inter­actions could be identified in the crystal.
Mathematics Anxiety and Working Memory: Support for the Existence of a Deficient Inhibition Mechanism

A current theory of anxiety effects in cognition claims that anxiety disrupts normal processing within the working memory system. We examined this theory in the context of a reading task, for participants who were high or low in assessed mathematics anxiety. The task was designed to measure the ability to inhibit attention to distracting information and the effects of this ability on explicit memory performance. The results suggested that math-anxious individuals have a deficient inhibition mechanism whereby working memory resources are consumed by task-irrelevant distracters. A consequence of this deficiency was that explicit memory performance was poorer for high-anxious individuals. Based on these results, the recommendation is made that Eysenck and Calvo's (1992) processing efficiency theory be integrated with Connelly, Hasher, and Zack's (1991) inhibition theory to portray more comprehensively the relation between anxiety and performance.
Fog Computing in Healthcare: A Review

The high cost of patient care has been a concern for the agencies responsible for this area as this situation has been aggravated by the growth of the elderly population and the increase in the number of people with chronic diseases. However, the popularization of the Internet of Things and the Cloud Computing paradigms brings the possibility of creating low-cost solutions to monitor these patients’ health, contributing to the improvement of their quality of life. However,Cloud-based solutions cause delays that can lead to the failure of the health systems. Thus, Fog Computing emerges as an alternative to be combined with these solutions, aiming to reduce their latency. This work seeks to explore the state of the art and challenges of Fog Computing applied to the healthcare area. Therefore, this review helps to understand how this paradigm has been used in the health area and shows some points that need to be investigated in order for this use to be improved.
Bidirectional Transformerless EV Charging System with Low Device Cost and Leakage Current

In electric vehicles (EV), the charging circuit is an important component which needs to be carefully designed. This research proposes a novel concept to reconfigure the traction circuit to achieve a low-cost bidirectional charging circuit that is capable of providing V2G services. High charging efficiency is achieved omitting an isolating transformer and parasitic common mode currents are attenuated by controlling the common mode voltage with suitable common mode paths. Compared to typical EV charger topologies, the proposed concept increases efficiency, adds bidirectional operation, and reduces costs by repurposing existing drivetrain components. Then the proposed reconfiguration concept is analyzed and the specific working principles are described. The analysis is verified by simulation and on an experimental test bench.
Against the grain

Revisit your sand trays with these new ideas to promote concentration, hand-to-eye co-ordination and fine motor skills. Children can also get to grips with how tools can effect changes to materials.
Do Emotions Cause Eating? The Role of Previous Experiences and Social Context in Emotional Eating:

Emotional eating is defined as an increase in eating following negative emotion. Self-reported emotional eating has been associated with physical-health concerns. However, experimental studies indi...