cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outpatient management of chronic warfarin therapy at a pharmacist-run anticoagulation clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic.

As a result of infection control regulations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, anticoagulation clinics have been required to adjust their practices in order to continue providing safe and effective services for their patients. In accordance with a guidance document issued by the Anticoagulation Forum, The Brooklyn Hospital Center (TBHC) anticoagulation clinic in Brooklyn, New York implemented measures including telemedicine follow-ups instead of in-person clinic visits, extending the interval of INR testing, and reviewing eligible candidates for transition from warfarin to direct oral anticoagulants. This study describes the outcomes of one hospital-based clinic location in the 3 months before and after COVID-19 became a significant concern in the New York City area. The primary outcome of time-in-therapeutic range (TTR) for patients receiving warfarin was 60.6 % and 65.8 % in the pre-COVID and post-COVID groups, respectively (p = 0.21). For secondary outcomes, there was no difference in percent of therapeutic INRs (51.5 % pre-COVID v. 44.8 % post-COVID, p = 0.75) or percent of INRs ≥ 4.5 (2.3 % pre-COVID v. 4 % post-COVID, p = 0.27). Based on the data reported in this study, the short-term changes implemented at TBHC's anticoagulation clinic did not appear to cause reductions in safety and efficacy of chronic warfarin therapy management.
Uterine synechiae after intrauterine device use: a case series.

The intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the most effective and safe contraceptive methods. Substantial literature suggests an overall return to normal fertility following IUD removal. However, there are no studies to date that evaluate endometrial function specifically in nulliparous women after levonorgestrel IUD use. We present three nulliparous women with a history of levonorgestrel IUD use who were evaluated for uterine dysfunction at the University of California, San Francisco Center for Reproductive Health. These patients had no other known risk factors or history of uterine manipulation, including prior uterine surgery, pelvic radiation, intrauterine infection, hypothalamic amenorrhea, or uterine anomaly. Upon evaluation, these patients were found to have uterine synechiae concerning for Asherman syndrome. All three patients were eventually able to conceive through assisted reproductive technology or natural conception. This case series is the first to suggest a possible effect of endometrial dysfunction on fertility resumption following levonorgestrel IUD removal in nulliparous patients. It is possible that a small subset of patients may be at risk for Asherman syndrome after IUD use. Larger prospective trials are needed to explore this possible association.
Concomitant Acute Rheumatic Fever and Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis.

Acute rheumatic fever (RF) and acute post Streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) are non-suppurative complications of a Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection. The concomitant incidence of both complications in a patient is rare because nephritogenic and rheumatogenic strains belong to different serotypes of Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS). We present a case of a 47-year-old female who had concomitant acute RF and APSGN from a Streptococcus pyogenes infection. It is important to have a high clinical suspicion for the sequela of GABHS infection in the setting of cardiac and renal disease following upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms even in adults and in geographic locations with the nearly undetectable burden of acute RF because of the importance of secondary prophylaxis with an antibiotic.
Psittakose-Lymphogranuloma inguinale-Gruppe

In dieser Gruppe fast man zahlreiche grose „Viren“ (250–450 mμ im Durchmesser) mit verschiedenen gemeinsamen Eigenschaften zusammen, wie die Erreger der Psittakose, Ornithose, des Lymphogranuloma venereum, des Trachoms und der Einschlusconjunctivitis. Ferner gehort hierzu der Erreger der Mause- und Katzen-Pneumonie, der Meningopneumonitis des Opossums, der Kalberenteritis, des Schafabortes, der Polyarthritis des Schafes und der Rinderencephalomyelitis. Einige Viren dieser Gruppe konnen beim Menschen eine nicht-bakterielle, primare Pneumonie hervorrufen, einzelne von ihnen sind auch von Tieren isoliert worden.
Multistrategy learning with introspective meta-explanations

Given an arbitrary learning situation, it is difficult to determine the most appropriate learning strategy. The goal of this research is to provide a general representation and processing framework for introspective reasoning for strategy selection. The learning framework for an introspective system is to perform some reasoning task. As it does, the system also records a trace of the reasoning itself, along with the results of such reasoning. If a reasoning failure occurs, the system retrieves and applies an introspective explanation of the failure in order to understand the error and repair the knowledge base. A knowledge structure called a Meta-Explanation Pattern is used to both explain how conclusions are derived and why such conclusions fail. If reasoning is represented in an explicit, declarative manner, the system can examine its own reasoning, analyze its reasoning failures, identify what it needs to learn, and select appropriate learning strategies in order to learn the required knowledge without overreliance on the programmer.
Long-term experience with reduced planning target volume margins and intensity-modulated radiotherapy with daily image-guidance for head and neck cancer.

Background The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes among patients treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with daily image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for head and neck cancer according to the margins used to expand the clinical target volume (CTV) to create a planning target volume (PTV). Methods Three hundred sixty-seven consecutive patients were treated with IMRT for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The first 103 patients were treated with 5-mm CTV-to-PTV margins. The subsequent 264 patients were treated using reduced (3 mm) margins. Results The 3-year locoregional control for patients treated using 5-mm and 3-mm CTV-to-PTV margins, respectively, was 78% and 80% (p = .75). The incidence of gastrostomy-tube dependence at 1 year was 10% and 3%, respectively (p = .001). The incidence of posttreatment esophageal stricture was 14% and 7%, respectively (p = .01). Conclusion The use of reduced (3 mm) CTV-to-PTV margins was associated with reduced late toxicity while maintaining locoregional control. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1766–1772, 2014
Degree-Continuous Graphs

A graph G is degree-continuous if the degrees of every two adjacent vertices of G differ by at most 1. A finite nonempty set S of integers is convex if k ∈ S for every integer k with min(S)⩽k⩽max(S). It is shown that for all integers r > 0 and s ⩾0 and a convex set S with min(S) = r and max(S) = r+s, there exists a connected degree-continuous graph G with the degree set S and diameter 2s+2. The minimum order of a degree-continuous graph with a prescribed degree set is studied. Furthermore, it is shown that for every graph G and convex set S of positive integers containing the integer 2, there exists a connected degree-continuous graph H with the degree set S and containing G as an induced subgraph if and only if max(S)⩾Δ(G) and G contains no r-regular component where r = max(S).
Multiplicative Difference Sets via Additive Characters

We use Fourier analysis on the additive group of \GF to give an alternative proof of the recent theorem of Maschietti and to prove recent conjectures of No, Chung and Yun and No, Golomb, Gong, Lee and Gaal on difference sets in the multiplicative group of \GF, m odd. Along the ay e prove a stronger form of a celebrated theorem of Welch on the 3-valued cross-correlation of maximal length sequences.
Performance analysis for a message priority based polling scheme

The authors consider a multiaccess communication channel, such as a token-based ring or bus network. A message priority based polling procedure is used to control access of messages onto the channel. This procedure requires the server to have no advance information concerning the number of messages resident at a station prior to its visit to the station. Messages arriving at each station belong to one of two priority classes: class-1 (high priority) and class-2 (low priority). Class-1 messages are served under an exhaustive service discipline while class-2 messages are served under a limited service discipline. Class-1 messages have nonpreemptive or preemptive-resume priority over class-2 messages resident at the same station. Two different schemes, corresponding to the nonpreemptive and preemptive-resume priority disciplines, respectively, are analyzed. Tight upper and lower bounds for the mean message waiting times for each individual message class are obtained. >
Model Checking Based on Simultaneous Reachability Analysis

Simultaneous reachability analysis (SRA) is a recently proposed approach to alleviating the state space explosion problem in reachability analysis of concurrent systems. The concept of SRA is to allow a global transition in a reachability graph to contain a set of transitions of different processes such that the state reached by the global transition is independent of the execution order of the associated process transitions. In this paper, we describe how to apply the SRA approach to concurrent systems for model checking. We first describe an SRA-based framework for producing a reduced state graph that provides sufficient information for model checking. Following this framework, we present an algorithm that generates a reduced state graph for the extended finite state machine (EFSM) model with multiple ports. Empirical results indicate that, our SRA reduction algorithm performs as good as or better than the partial order reduction algorithm in SPIN.
Living with the Bologna Process: Recommendations to the German Legal Education Community from a U.S. Perspective

The Bologna Process is a dramatic development that is less than ten years old, but already it has significantly reshaped higher education in Germany and in Europe. This article is based on my research regarding the history and objectives of the Bologna Process and Bologna Process implementation in Germany. It contains my reflections about the Bologna Process and German legal education and my recommendations to the German legal education community. In order to understand these reflections and recommendations, one needs a certain amount of background information about both the Bologna Process and German legal education. The sections that follow provide that background.
The coevolution of circumperineal color and terrestriality

Old World monkeys (Cercopithecoidea) are unusual among primates for the high percentage of species exhibiting circumperineal coloration, as well as the large percentage of highly terrestrial species. Kingdon [1974, 1980] suggested that circumperineal skin coloration is functionally related to terrestriality, but this hypothesis has not been tested. From the literature, we collected data on habitat use (terrestrial/arboreal) and circumperineal coloration (present/absent) for 78 species. Indeed, among the 78 species surveyed here, 75% of them fall into either the category of colored circumperineals with terrestrial lifestyle, or of uncolored circumperineals with arboreal lifestyle (Χ2(1) = 19.550, P < 0.001). However, conventional statistical procedures assume all taxa are equally related—which is not usually the case in multispecies analyses—leading to higher rates of both type I and II statistical errors. We performed Bayesian trait coevolution analyses that show that models of dependent trait evolution are not significantly better than models assuming independent evolution of the two traits (log-likelihood ratio test P = 0.396, Bayes Factor = 1). Bayesian nodal reconstructions of the cercopithecoid phylogeny indicate that relatively few trait transitions are needed to account for the distributions of the two traits. Further, chi-squared distributional tests show that sub-family affiliation (i.e., Cercopithecinae, Colobinae) is an accurate predictor of trait status. The discordance of the analyses may represent the results of a few different evolutionary scenarios, but ultimately circumperineal coloration seems weakly linked to terrestrial ecology. Am. J. Primatol. 77:547–557, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An integrated anti-opportunism system in international exchange

Building on economic and social exchange theories, this study develops an integrated model in which curtailing opportunism in international joint ventures (IJVs) requires four interrelated sets of suppressing forces: (1) contractual ordering (contractual inclusiveness and contractual obligatoriness); (2) structural ordering (managerial governance and equity captiveness); (3) relational ordering (interparty attachment and boundary-spanner ties); and (4) justice ordering (procedural justice and distributive justice). Using a sample of 192 IJVs in an emerging market, this study finds general support for our theoretical model. Our research validates that countering opportunism involves a system-wide effort that integrates economic and social mandates, unifies ex ante and ex post mechanisms, controls both egoistic and non-egoistic motivations, and combines organizational-level and individual-level forces. For partners from individualist cultures, economic ordering forces (contractual and structural) are stronger than social ordering forces (relational and justice) in relation to opportunism resistance, whereas for partners from a collectivistic culture, social ordering forces are relatively stronger than economic ordering forces for this end.
Enhanced Detection of Ischemic Myocardium by Transesophageal Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography: Comparison with Simultaneous Transthoracic Echocardiography

The diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography is limited in patients with poor transthoracic acoustic windows. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) overcomes these limitations and thus may increase the clinical usefulness of dobutamine stress echocardiography. The present study was designed to compare the diagnostic accuracies of transesophageal and transthoracic dobutamine stress echocardiography for the identification of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a cohort of patients with a higher incidence of poor acoustic windows. Forty-two male patients (mean age, 66 +/- 9 years) underwent dobutamine stress echocardiography with simultaneous transesophageal and transthoracic imaging. Coronary arteriography was performed in 28 patients (67%). Transesophageal imaging adequately visualized 99.6% of left ventricular segments compared with 76.2% visualized by transthoracic imaging (P < 0.0001). There was substantial agreement between the two techniques for segmental wall motion analysis at baseline (kappa 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70-0.82); however, at peak dobutamine dose, agreement was significantly reduced (kappa 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55-0.69). The sensitivity (88% vs 75%), specificity (100% vs 75%), and positive predictive value (100% vs 80%) for the identification of CAD were all superior for transesophageal imaging. Transesophageal imaging correctly identified 11 of the 12 patients (92%) with multivessel disease compared with 5 patients (42%) identified by transthoracic imaging (P < 0.03). There were no major complications. Transesophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography is a safe, feasible, and accurate technique for the identification and risk stratification of patients with CAD. Transesophageal imaging appears to be superior to transthoracic imaging for identifying both the presence and extent of CAD, specifically in patients with poor acoustic windows.
Pr2Sn2O7 and Sm2Sn2O7 as High-Temperature Shift Thermometers in Variable-Temperature 119Sn MAS NMR

Abstract Two shift thermometers have been developed in order to determine the exact sample temperature at elevated temperatures in MAS NMR. The probe was calibrated for different temperatures and bearing pressures using the structural phase transition NMR spectra of carbon tetrabromide (319.86 K), DABCO (351.08 K), rubidium nitrate (437 K), and lithium sodium sulfate (791 K). Temperature-dependent 119 Sn MAS NMR spectra of Pr 2 Sn 2 O 7 and Sm 2 Sn 2 O 7 were then recorded. The temperature dependence is caused by the hyperfine interaction between the paramagnetic electron spin and the 119 Sn nucleus. Pr 2 Sn 2 O 7 proved to be an extremely sensitive linear high-temperature shift thermometer: its sensitivity is 14.1 ppm/K at room temperature and 2.7 ppm/K at 790 K. Sm 2 Sn 2 O 7 also proved to be very sensitive to temperature, although its dependence was not linear. At room temperature its sensitivity is 1.1 ppm/K. The temperature dependence of the shift can be fitted to an equation derived from the Van Vleck equation, taking into account the ground and the first excited states of Sm 3+ .
Effects of Nonverbal Behavior on Perceptions of Power Bases

Among a sample of U.S. students, the effects of 3 forms of nonverbal behavior (facial expression, visual behavior, and body posture) on perceptions of power bases (reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, and credibility) were investigated. In contrast to previous investigations of nonverbal behavior and power, a precise construct definition and reliable and valid operational definitions of power were used, and specific perceptions of power bases were examined. A relaxed facial expression, compared with a nervous facial expression, increased the ratings for referent, reward, legitimate, expert, and credibility power bases. Also, direct eye contact yielded higher credibility ratings than indirect eye contact.
The syntactic expression of tense

Abstract In this article I defend the view that many central aspects of the semantics of tense are determined by independently motivated principles of syntactic theory. I begin by decomposing tenses syntactically into a temporal ordering predicate (the true tense, on this approach) and two time-denoting arguments corresponding to covert a reference time (RT) argument and an eventuality time (ET) argument containing the verb phrase. Control theory accounts for the denotation of the RT argument, deriving the distinction between main clause and subordinate clause tenses. The theory of covert movement is used to account for the independent/indexical interpretation of relative clause tenses, and for the correlation between independent tense interpretation and a de re construal of the relative clause. A theory of “past polarity”, based on traditional negative polarity theory, accounts both for the simultaneous “sequence of tense” construal of past tenses in subordinate clauses embedded within past tense contexts, and for the obligatory indexical/independent interpretation of present tense in a relative clause embedded within a past tense context. Combined with the copy theory of movement, the polarity theory also provides an account of the semantics of double access sentences, treating them as involving a special kind of reconstruction effect.
SPECIFICITY OF SUGAR TRANSPORT BY THE SMALL INTESTINE OF THE BULLFROG. RANA CATESBEIANA.

Abstract 1. 1. Absorption of some naturally occurring sugars against a concentration difference by an isolated everted segment of a bullfrog small intestine has been studied. 2. 2. The results suggest that: (A) d -galactose and d -glucose are absorbed against a concentration difference without chemical change, (B) d -arabinose and d -xylose are not absorbed against a concentration difference, and (C) d -glucose appears on the serosal side when equal concentrations of d -fructose or d -mannose are present initially on both sides of the small intestine.
Plasmodium falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger activity and quinine resistance.

Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt gene cause resistance to the 4-amino quinoline chloroquine (CQ) and other antimalarial drugs. Mutations and/or overexpression of a P. falciparum multidrug resistance gene homologue (pfmdr1) may further modify or tailor the degree of quinoline drug resistance. Recently [Ferdig MT, Cooper RA, Mu JB, et al. Dissecting the loci of low-level quinine resistance in malaria parasites. Mol Microbiol 2004;52:985–97] QTL analysis further implicated a region of P. falciparum chromosome 13 as a partner (with pfcrt) in conferring resistance to the first quinoline-based antimalarial drug, quinine (QN). Since QN resistance (QNR) and CQR are often (but not always) observed together in parasite strains, since elevated cytosolic pH is frequently (but not always) found in CQR parasites, and since the chr 13 segment linked to QNR prominently harbors a gene encoding what appears to be a P. falciparum Na+/H+ exchanger (PfNHE), we have systematically measured cytosolic pH and PfNHE activity for an extended series of parasite strains used in the QTL analysis. Altered PfNHE activity does not correlate with CQR as previously proposed, but significantly elevated PfNHE activity is found for strains with high levels of QNR, regardless their CQR status. We propose that either an elevated pHcyt or a higher vacuolar pH-to-cytosolic pH gradient contributes to one common route to malarial QNR that is also characterized by recently defined chr 13–chr 9 pairwise interactions. Based on sequence analysis we propose a model whereby observed polymorphisms in PfNHE may lead to altered Na+/H+ set point regulation in QNR parasites.
An Exploration of the Factors Shaping the Scholarly Productivity of Social Work Academicians

This article explores the impact of two sets of variables on the scholarly productivity of undergraduate social work educators. The variables associated with individual research orientation which are the most significant predictors of recent productivity are number of statistics courses, interest in research, number of research projects during training, and liking research. Environmental variables which are evidenced as most related to recent productivity include faculty size, the importance of productivity for yearly evaluations, and collaboration with social work faculty. Of these two variable sets, individual orientation accounts for 13 percent of the variance in recent productivity and environmental variables account for 10 percent of the total variance.
Time Separation, Coordination, and Performance in Technical Teams

Technical teams are often distributed across geographic locations and across time zones. While spatial and time separation are often correlated, most prior studies have only focused on one or the other. As a consequence, their respective effects may be confounded when teams have both spatial and time separation. We argue that bridging spatial and time separation pose very different coordination challenges, thus their respective impacts need to be examined together to fully understand how geographic configuration influences team performance. We report on a field study of 123 technical teams conducted at a large semiconductor manufacturing company where we investigated how spatial and time separation influenced team performance. Our results show that time separation, in the form of maximum time zone difference spanned by members, has a stronger negative impact on team performance than spatial separation. We also show that this impact is indirect, i.e., large time zone spans create coordination problems, which in turn impact team performance. Put differently, when coordination problems are reduced, the negative association between maximum time zone span and performance disappears. We describe our findings and discuss implications for global team managers and collaboration tool designers.
Multiobjective Resource Allocation Framework for Risk Management of Large-scale Hierarchical Systems

This paper formulates and solves a general, multiobjective resource allocation framework for the risk management of large-scale hierarchical, systems. This framework captures the hierarchical nature of the large-scale systems and their decision-making process. The multiple decision makers at the various levels of the system hierarchy are discussed. The methods for generating Pareto optimal risk management options for each case of decision makers are derived, by a hierarchical multiobjective approach. The illustrative example demonstrates its effectiveness in hierarchical systems' risk-based modeling and management.
A learning-based synthesis approach to decentralized supervisory control of discrete event systems with unknown plants

In this paper, we consider the problem of automatic synthesis of decentralized supervisor for uncertain discrete event systems. In particular, we study the case when the uncontrolled plant is unknown a priori. To deal with the unknown plants, we first characterize the conormality of prefix-closed regular languages and propose formulas for computing the supremal conormal sublanguages; then sufficient conditions for the existence of decentralized supervisors are given in terms of language controllability and conormality and a learning-based algorithm to synthesize the supervisor automatically is proposed. Moreover, the paper also studies the on-line decentralized supervisory control of concurrent discrete event systems that are composed of multiple interacting unknown modules. We use the concept of modular controllability to characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the local supervisors, which consist of a set of local supervisor modules, one for each plant module and which determines its control actions based on the locally observed behaviors, and an on-line learning-based local synthesis algorithm is also presented. The correctness and convergence of the proposed algorithms are proved, and their implementation are illustrated through examples.
Loss of cell surface TFII-I promotes apoptosis in prostate cancer cells stimulated with activated α2-macroglobulin

Receptor-recognized forms of α₂ -macroglobulin (α₂ M) bind to cell surface-associated GRP78 and initiate pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling. Ligation of GRP78 with α₂ M also upregulates TFII-I, which binds to the GRP78 promoter and enhances GRP78 synthesis. In addition to its transcriptional functions, cytosolic TFII-I regulates agonist-induced Ca(2+) entry. In this study we show that down regulation of TFII-I gene expression by RNAi profoundly impairs its cell surface expression and anti-apoptotic signaling as measured by significant reduction of GRP78, Bcl-2, and cyclin D1 in 1-Ln and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells stimulated with α₂ M. In contrast, this treatment significantly increases levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins p53, p27, Bax, and Bak and causes DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, down regulation of TFII-I expression activates agonist-induced Ca(2+) entry. In plasma membrane lysates p-PLCγ1, TRPC3, GRP78, MTJ1, and caveolin co-immunoprecipitate with TFII-I suggesting multimeric complexes of these proteins. Consistent with this hypothesis, down regulating TFII-I, MTJ1, or GRP78 expression by RNAi greatly attenuates cell surface expression of TFII-I. In conclusion, we demonstrate that not only does cell surface GRP78 regulate apoptosis, but it also regulates Ca(2+) homeostasis by controlling cell surface localization of TFII-I.
The density of human rhodopsin in the rods

Abstract The density of human rhodopsin in the rods has been estimated psychophysically by following the change in the relative quantum sensitivity for rod vision at two wavelengths (one near the peak, the other far off on the long wave tail of the action spectrum) in the dark after a full rhodopsin bleach in a region of a typical π 0 monochromat's retina where cones make no contribution to threshold. Metameric matching and dark adaptation curves yield results (about 0.75 in units at 500 nm) consistent with recent densitometric estimates of Alpern and Pugh (1974) made on the normal retina.
Preparation of high purity 110 K phase in the (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor system using a solution method

Abstract A solution method has been demonstrated to purify the 110 K superconducting phase in the (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Oxalic acid was used to chelate metal cations from the nitrates. The amount of chelating agent impacts the cation absorption in the precursor. The higher purity 110 K superconducting phase can be obtained in the shortest time and at the lowest sintering temperature. X-ray diffraction, resistivity and magnetization measurements all indicated positive evidence. The process can be expedited when the stoichiometry was enriched by calcium and copper. The preparation technique is considered valuable to purify multi-phase superconductors for mass production.
Flat-Surface grafting in Arabidopsis thaliana

We have developed an efficient method of grafting inArabidopsis thaliana that uses flat-surface cutting and a capillary tube for support of the graft junction. Approximately 40% of grafts resulted in healthy plants that produced amounts of seed comparable to ungrafted plants.
Hypersurfaces of special configurations of serial manipulators and related concepts. part II: Passive joints, configurations, component manifolds and some applications

In this article the novel concepts of passive/active joints, component/subcomponent manifolds of the HSC, configurations/subconfigurations and their applications are presented. The article also contains a theorem which predicts the existence of passive joints and a synthesis procedure for passive joints. The concepts introduced here and in Part I are illustrated by way of examples which include three existing industrial manipulators.
Searching for momentum enhancement in hypervelocity impacts

Abstract In conjunction with the Los Alamos National Laboratory hypervelocity microparticle impact (HMI) team effort to produce higher impact velocities and to understand the physics of crater formation and momentum transfer, we have implemented a low noise microphone as a momentum detector on both the 6 MV Van de Graaff and 85 KV “test stand” particle accelerators. Calculations are presented showing that the impulse response of a circular membrane. When used as a momentum impulse detector, the microphone theoretically may detect impulses as small as 8.8 × 10 −15 N s. Sensitivity of the microphone in this application is limited by the noise threshold of the electronic amplifiers and the ambient microphonic vibration of the system. Calculations lead us to anticipate detection of particles over the full range of the Van de Graaff acceleration capability and up to 7 km/s on the test stand. We present momentum enhancement data in the velocity range between 10 km/s and 20 km/s. Preliminary work is presented on momentum impulse calibration of the microphone using laser-pulse photon momentum as an impulse source.
Finding Order: Curriculum Theory and the Qualities of Museum Education

Abstract Museum education is a field of practice that is guided effectively by traditions of practice addressing museums' purposes and expected audiences, and rarely explicitly refers to the numerous models of curriculum theory that are available to guide educational practice in the school setting. But curriculum models can be useful both for describing the purposes of museum programs and for assessing their outcomes. This article reviews some longstanding models of curriculum purpose, and proposes to bring one of them, four decades old, back into common parlance for assessing the qualities of museum education programs.
Research aircraft measurements of a polar low over the Norwegian Sea

On 27 February 1984, the Arctic Cyclone Expedition carried out the first research aircraft measurements within a polar low. The low developed over the Norwegian Sea south of Jan Mayen in response to the baroclinic forcing by an eastward propagating upper-level synoptic-scale short wave. Observations from the NOAA WP-3D research aircraft documented the three-dimensional distribution of wind, temperature, moisture, and precipitation within the low. The polar low had a warm inner core and maximum surface winds of ˜ 35 m s -1 . Heavy meso-convective precipitation was encountered within a frontal-like, mesoscale, baroclinic shear zone that spiraled into the low center from its southwestern quadrant. Vorticity and divergence values within the front reached 25 times 10 -4 s -1 and 13 times 10 -4 s -1 , respectively, where the frontal width narrowed to 10 km near the sea surface. Radar reflectivities exceeded 40 dBZ within the meso-convective precipitation band and were confined to low levels (below 3 km). The maximum total heat flux (sensible plus latent) from the sea surface into the atmosphere was 1000 W m -2 , comparable with that observed for mature tropical cyclones. Satellite cloud images revealed that this polar low was the most intense development in a family outbreak of 5 polar lows that formed as an east-west vortex chain between Iceland and the north coast of Norway over a 48 h period. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1987.tb00309.x
Tissue management in fixed prosthodontics

Abstract A Ceramometal restoration with a metal margin over a bevel can be placed and remain esthetically acceptable (hidden) (1) when healthy gingival tissue is obtained before attempting the final tooth preparation and (2) when impression procedures and the gingival tissues are handled in such a way as to minimize trauma.
Personalized human computation

Significant effort in machine learning and information retrieval has been devoted to identifying personalized content such as recommendations and search results. Personalized human computation has the potential to go beyond existing techniques like collaborative filtering to provide personal­ized results on demand, over personal data, and for complex tasks. This work-in-progress compares two approaches to personal­ized human computation. In both, users annotate a small set of training examples which are then used by the crowd to annotate unseen items. In the first approach, which we call taste-matching, crowd members are asked to annotate the same set of training examples, and the ratings of similar users on other items are then used to infer personal­ized ratings. In the second approach, taste-grokking, the crowd is presented with the training examples and asked to use them predict the ratings of the target user on other items.
Large- and small-scale vortical motions in a shear layer perturbed by tabs

The large- and small-scale vortical motions produced by ‘delta tabs’ in a two-stream shear layer have been studied experimentally. An increase in mixing was observed when the base of the triangular shaped tab was affixed to the trailing edge of the splitter plate and the apex was pitched at some angle with respect to the flow axis. Such an arrangement produced a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices. Hot-wire measurements detailed the velocity, time-averaged vorticity (Ω x ) and small-scale turbulence features in the three-dimensional space downstream of the tabs. The small-scale structures, whose scale corresponds to that of the peak in the dissipation spectrum, were identified and counted using the peak-valley-counting technique. The optimal pitch angle, θ, for a single tab and the optimal spanwise spacing, S , for a multiple tab array were identified. Since the goal was to increase mixing, the optimal tab configuration was determined from two properties of the flow field: (i) the large-scale motions with the maximum Ω x , and (ii) the largest number of small-scale motions in a given time period. The peak streamwise vorticity magnitude [mid ]Ω x−max [mid ] was found to have a unique relationship with the tab pitch angle. Furthermore, for all cases examined, the overall small-scale population was found to correlate directly with [mid ]Ω x−max [mid ]. Both quantities peaked at θ≈±45°. It is interesting to note that the peak magnitude of the corresponding circulation in the cross-sectional plane occurred for θ≈±90°. For an array of tabs, the two quantities also depended on the tab spacing. An array of contiguous tabs acted as a solid deflector producing the weakest streamwise vortices and the least small-scale population. For the measurement range covered, the optimal spacing was found to be S ≈1.5 tab widths.
THE INCORPORATION OF N15-GLYCINE BY AVIAN ERYTHROCYTES AND RETICULOCYTES IN VITRO

A study of the incorporation of glycine-N(15) by chicken red cells in vitro has shown that: 1. There is no detectable nitrogen turnover in the histone or desoxyribonucleic acid of erythrocytes or reticulocytes. 2. Hemoglobin synthesis in the nucleated reticulocyte proceeds at 2 to 3 times the rate observed in the mature erythrocyte. 3. The uptake of glycine-N(15) by heme is 9 to 14 times the corresponding uptake into hemoglobin, and 12 to 20 times the calculated uptake into globin. 4. Maturation of the red cell results in a decline in the rate of synthesis of both heme and globin, but the deceleration is much more marked in globin. synthesis. 5. No significant differences could be detected in the low N(15) incorporations of nuclear and cytoplasmic hemoglobins.
The Influences of Attribution, Context, and Heterosexual Self-Presentation on Perceived Appropriateness of Self-Disclosure in Same-Sex Male Friendships

Although same-sex male friendships are often characterized as relatively non-disclosive, context normativeness and heterosexual self-presentation may explain variation in the attribution process af...
A statistical analysis of substorm associated tail activity

Abstract Substorm onset timing is a critical issue in magnetotail dynamics research. Solar wind energy is accumulated in the magnetosphere and the configuration of the magnetosphere evolves toward an unstable state during the growth phase. At some point, the expansion phase begins and the stored energy is released through a variety of processes that return the magnetosphere to a lower energy state. In recovery the various processes die away. Unfortunately, the ground and magnetospheric signatures of onset, i.e. energy release, can be seen both in the growth phase prior to onset and in the expansion phase after onset. Some investigators refer to each of these events as a substorm. Tail observations suggest that most substorms have one event that differentiates the behavior of the tail field and plasma. We refer to this time as the “main substorm onset”. Each substorm associated phenomenon is timed independently and then compared with main substorm onsets. ISEE-2 tail observations are used to examine the tail lobe magnetic conditions associated with substorms because ISEE-2 orbit has a high inclination and frequently observes lobe field. Approximately 70 ∼ 75% of tail lobe B t and B z change are associated with the main substorm onset. If the satellite is more than 3 Re above (below) the neutral sheet, 86% (57%) of plasma pressure dropouts are associated with substorms. We interpret our results as evidence that the effect of the growth phase is to drive the magnetosphere towards instability. As it approaches global instability local regions become temporarily unstable but are rapidly quenched. Eventually one of these events develops into the global instability that releases most of the stored energy and returns the magnetosphere to a more stable configuration.
Prior encounters with the opposite sex affect male and female mating behavior in a wolf spider (Araneae, Lycosidae)

Mate availability can vary widely in nature depending upon population density and sex ratio and can affect the ability of individuals to be selective in mate choice. We tested the effects of prior encounters with the opposite sex (i.e., exposure to the opposite sex either with or without mating) on subsequent mating behavior in two experiments that manipulated mate availability for both males and females in the wolf spider, Hogna helluo. The probability of mating in the experimental trial depended upon whether the prior encounter involved mating or not, and males and females responded in opposite directions. Exposure without mating resulted in a higher subsequent frequency of mating for females and a lower subsequent frequency of mating for males, while prior mating experience resulted in a lower frequency of female remating and a higher frequency of male remating. Prior exposure without mating did not affect female aggression. However, mated females engaged in precopulatory cannibalism more frequently than virgins. Mated males escaped postcopulatory cannibalism more frequently than virgins. Our results show that males respond to exposure without mating in the expected manner. However, prior mating (1 week earlier) had unexpected effects on males, which may be due to mated males being of higher quality. There were little or no effects of the size of the prior exposure individual or mate on subsequent mating behaviors. Further research is needed to determine why different species use different degrees of prior information in mate choice.
A General Purpose Test Facility for Evaluating Gas Lubricated Journal Bearings

The present work describes the detailed design and operational capabilities of a general purpose test facility developed to evaluate the dynamics and performance of gas lubricated journal bearings. The component level test facility was developed to serve as an initial tollgate test platform for certifying gas lubricated journal bearings into aircraft engine applications. A rotating test rig was engineered to test 70–120 mm diameter bearings at 40,000–80,000 rpm and 1200°F. The test rig described in this paper possesses design elements that enable the simultaneous application of dynamic and static load profiles of up to 1000 lb while monitoring and measuring the bearing torque. This capability allows for the characterization of several critical metrics such as bearing lift off speed characteristics, load capacity, and frequency dependent rotordynamic force coefficients. This paper discusses the functionality of the test facility and presents sample test measurements from several experiments.
Infrared Absorption of Aluminum, Copper, Lead, and Nickel at 4.2°K

The optical absorptivities of bulk samples of aluminum, copper, lead, and nickel have been determined calorimetrically at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K over the wavelength range 1-11 \ensuremath{\mu}. At longer wavelengths ($\ensuremath{\lambda}g4 \ensuremath{\mu}$), Al, Pb, and Cu exhibit absorptivities independent of wavelength and equal to 1.20, 1.16, and 0.41%, respectively. These results are analyzed in terms of photon absorption by conduction electrons which are scattered at the metal surface and in phonon-generating collisions in the skin-depth region. The values for copper and lead are in satisfactory agreement with the predictions of the theories describing these processes; however, the predicted absorptivity value for aluminum is 30% lower than that observed. In ferromagnetic nickel, an attempt was made to study photon absorption resulting from electron scattering at magnon-generating collisions; unfortunately, the measured absorptivity varies with wavelength even at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=11 \ensuremath{\mu}$, suggesting the persistence of interband transitions. The 4.0% absorptivity of nickel at 11 \ensuremath{\mu} is approximately twice the value estimated for intraband transitions involving surface, phonon, and magnon scattering of electrons.
Methods for computing SN eigenvalues and eigenvectors of slab geometry transport problems

We discuss computational methods for computing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of single energy-group neutral particle transport (SN) problems in homogeneous slab geometry, with an arbitrary scattering anisotropy of order L. These eigensolutions are important when exact (or very accurate) solutions are desired for coarse spatial cell problems demanding rapid execution times. Three methods, one of which is ‘new’, are presented for determining the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of such SN problems. In the first method, separation of variables is directly applied to the SN equations. In the second method, common characteristics of the SN and PN−1 equations are used. In the new method, the eigenvalues and eigenvectors can be computed provided that the cell-interface Green's functions (transmission and reflection factors) are known. Numerical results for S4 test problems are given to compare the new method with the existing methods.
Ventricular assist devices and aggressive immunosuppression: looking beyond overall survival.

Background Patients bridged to heart transplantation with a ventricular assist device (VAD) developed coronary vasculopathy at the same rate as non-bridged patients despite having higher levels of pre-formed antibodies. We hypothesized that allosensitized VAD patients have higher levels of immunosuppression and thus different morbidity and causes of mortality. Methods Patients who received a transplant between January 1996 and May 2002 were separated into 2 groups based on the need for VAD support as a bridge to transplantation. Transplant and Inpatient Pharmacy Databases and charts were queried for date of transplantation, degree of allosensitization, use of desensitization therapy, immunosuppressive strategies, number of treated rejection episodes, and specific causes of death. Results This study investigated 238 patients (125 VAD patients, 113 non-VAD patients). VAD patients were more likely to be allosensitized than non-VAD patients (20% vs 5%, p p = 0.31). VAD patients commonly died of sepsis (75%), and non-VAD patients died of rejection (39%) and ischemic transplant cardiomyopathy (30%). Conclusion When short-term outcomes between bridged and non-bridged heart transplant recipients were compared, overall survival was similar but causes of death differed. Findings in this study might aid in the post-operative management of patients bridged to transplantation with a VAD.
Mannequins and Spirits: Representation and Resistance of Siberian Shamans

In the early 20th century anthropologists collected sounds, images and artifacts to represent traditional cultures. Under the direction of Franz Boas, anthropologists working for the American Museum of Natural History's JesupNorth Pacific Expedition documented a variety of northeastern Siberian shamanisms. Demonstrations staged for the phonograph and the camera served as models for museum representations. These ethnographic inscriptions, together with the collection of texts and sacred objects, documented shamanistic traditions; yet ceremonial traditions remained partially obscured, resisting full intelligibility. The complexity of variations suggests that mystification and opacity are central to shamanic efficacy and the continued vitality of performative ritual, and that Siberian shamanic practices are inherently resistant to anthropological modes of interpretation.
The electrochemistry of graphite and modified graphite surfaces: the reduction of O2

Oxygen reduction to superoxide was examined in acetonitrile on the basal planes of ordinary and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (OPG, HOPG). The reaction has a lower apparent cathodic transfer coefficient on HOPG than OPG, probably due to part of the potential drop across the electrode—electrolyte interface occurring in a space charge region in the HOPG. Oxygen reduction to peroxide was examined in aqueous alkaline solution on HOPG with adsorbed 9,10-phenanthrenequinone and on OPG with chemically attached 2-aminoanthraquinone. On the adsorbed quinone surface, the kinetics of the initial electron transfer (to the quinone) are fast while the reaction of reduced quinone with solution-phase O2 is the rate determining step. On the chemically attached quinone surface, the initial electron transfer is the rds because the quinone is further from the surface and in an unfavourable configuration for electron tunneling.