cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Traveling Waves in Porous Media Combustion: Uniqueness of Waves for Small Thermal Diffusivity

We study traveling wave solutions arising in Sivashinsky’s model of subsonic detonation which describes combustion processes in inert porous media. Subsonic (shockless) detonation waves tend to assume the form of a reaction front propagating with a well defined speed. It is known that traveling waves exist for any value of thermal diffusivity [5]. Moreover, it has been shown that, when the thermal diffusivity is neglected, the traveling wave is unique. The question of whether the wave is unique in the presence of thermal diffusivity has remained open. For the subsonic regime, the underlying physics might suggest that the effect of small thermal diffusivity is insignificant. We analytically prove the uniqueness of the wave in the presence of non-zero diffusivity through applying geometric singular perturbation theory.
Multithreaded Asynchronous Graph Traversal for In-Memory and Semi-External Memory

Processing large graphs is becoming increasingly important for many domains such as social networks, bioinformatics, etc. Unfortunately, many algorithms and implementations do not scale with increasing graph sizes. As a result, researchers have attempted to meet the growing data demands using parallel and external memory techniques. We present a novel asynchronous approach to compute Breadth-First-Search (BFS), Single-Source-Shortest-Paths, and Connected Components for large graphs in shared memory. Our highly parallel asynchronous approach hides data latency due to both poor locality and delays in the underlying graph data storage. We present an experimental study applying our technique to both In-Memory and Semi-External Memory graphs utilizing multi-core processors and solid-state memory devices. Our experiments using synthetic and real-world datasets show that our asynchronous approach is able to overcome data latencies and provide significant speedup over alternative approaches. For example, on billion vertex graphs our asynchronous BFS scales up to 14x on 16-cores.
Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy in biology

The inherent advantages of nonlinear excitation make multiphoton fluorescence microscopy (MPFM) awell-suited imaging technique for extracting valuable information from turbid and thick biological samples. These advantages include high three-dimensional spatial resolution, large penetration depth, minimum out-of-focus cellular photodamage, and high signal-to-noise contrast. We have investigated the nonlinear spectroscopy of biologically important molecules such as NADH, flavins, and intrinsically fluorescent proteins. Fundamental understanding of the molecular spectroscopy and dynamics of these biomolecules is essential for advancing their applications in biological research. MPFM has been utilized for monitoring a large spectrum of biological processes including metabolic activity and exocytosis. We will discuss two-photon (2P) redox fluorescence microscopy of NADH, which gives a quantitative measure of the respiratory chain activity, thus allowing functional imaging of energy metabolism in neurons and native brain tissue. Finally, a rational design strategy, based on donor-acceptor-donor configuration, will be elucidated for fluorescent probes with large 2P-excitation cross-section. These dyes are water-soluble, yet possess a high affinity to organic phases with site-specific labeling and Ca +2 sensitivity (K d ~ 350 nM). A brief account on the biological application of nanocrystals and second harmonic imaging will be reviewed.
Social skills and behavior problems in children with disabilities with and without siblings

This study examined social skills and behavior of children with disabilities (CWD) and the impact of siblings on these behaviors. Eighty-five CWD diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder only (ADHD-o), Learning Disability or Learning Problems (LD/LP), ADHD and LD combined (ADHD/LD) or Spina Bifida (SB) and their siblings were evaluated using standardized social skills and behavior rating scales. The ADHD-o group had significantly lower social skills and more behavior problems than the other groups. There was no recognized effect of the sibling relationship on the social skills and behavioral problems of either the CWD or their siblings. Birth order of the sibling dyads and diagnos(es) of siblings did not have significant influence on the social skills or behavior of CWD. ADHD is a significant risk factor for poor social skills and behavior problems, even when compared with other diagnoses that carry an increased risk of these same problems.
Initiation and propagation of Glycine max L. Merr.: plants from tissue-cultured epicotyls

A successful technique for the initiation and proliferation of shoots from epicotyl tissue of soybean, Glycine max, has been developed and is described. Fertile plants were recovered. Seeds were germinated on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 5 μM benzyladenine. Explanted epicotyl sections were induced to form callus and shoots on Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing 5.2 mM monobasic ammonium phosphate, 74 μM 3-aminopyridine, and 20 μM kinetin for five weeks. Shoot proliferation was maintained on N6 medium containing 1.75 mM ammonium sulfate, 2.1 nM picloram, and 0.1 μM benzyladenine. Shoots rooted on Gamborg's B5 medium without growth regulators. Shoot-forming cultures were maintained for 60 months. Although all varieties tested produced shoots, some variation in numbers of shoots obtained was observed.
Methionine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: Induction and repression of methylmethionine(or adenosylmethionine):Homocysteine methyltransferase☆

Abstract Escherichia coli Texas M, a methionine auxotroph, uses either adenosylmethionine or methylmethionine to satisfy its methionine requirement. Cell-free extracts of E. coli Texas and E. coli Texas M form methionine via a methyltransferase reaction wherein adenosylmethionine or methylmethionine serves as the methyl donor and homocysteine is the methyl acceptor. Growth of the two strains of E. coli in minimal medium supplemented with 0–40 mμmoles/ml of methionine results in a stimulation of methylmethionine:homocysteine methyltransferase activity. However, growth of E. coli Texas and E. coli Texas M in the presence of more than 50 mμmoles/ml of methionine results in a repression of the methyltransferase. Although homocysteine does not support growth of E. coli Texas M, it acts as an inducer of the methyltransferase. Product inhibition of the homocysteine methyltransferase was observed with extracts of E. coli Texas and E. coli Texas M.
Pregnancy and early parenthood: Factors in the development of anorexia nervosa?

Most psychologic and social theories of anorexia focus on the developmental pressures that challenge adolescent girls. Pregnancy, which causes profound physical, emotional, and cognitive changes, could represent an amplification of these developmental pressures. In this case study, pregnancy is suggested as a possible contributor to the development of anorexia in a 17-year-old female. Although she has other factors associated with the development of anorexia, the psychological and physical changes of pregnancy appear to be the crucial changes which precipitated anorexia nervosa.
Measurement of tool internal temperatures in the tool–chip contact region by embedded micro thin film thermocouples

Abstract Sensors capable of providing fast and reliable feedback signals for monitoring and control of existing and emerging machining processes are an important research topic, that has quickly gained academic and industrial interest in recent years. Generally, high-precision machining processes are very sensitive to variation in local machining conditions at the tool–workpiece interface and lack a thorough understanding of fundamental thermomechanical phenomena. Existing sensors to monitor the machining conditions are not suitable for robust in-process control as they are either destructively embedded and/or do not possess the necessary spatial and temporal resolution to monitor local tool internal temperatures during machining at the cutting tip/edge effectively. This paper presents a novel approach for assessing transient tool internal temperature fields in the close vicinity of less than 300 μm of the tool cutting edge. A revised array layout of 10 micro thin film micro thermocouples, fabricated using adapted semiconductor microfabrication methods, has been embedded into polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting inserts by means of a modified diffusion bonding technique. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine material interactions at the bonding interface and to determine optimal bonding parameters. Sensor performance was statically and dynamically characterized. They show good linearity, sensitivity and very fast response time. Initial machining tests on aluminum alloys are described herein. The tests have been performed to demonstrate the functionality and reliability of tool embedded thin film sensors, and are part of a feasibility study with the ultimate goal of applying the instrumented insert in hard machining operations. The microsensor array was used for the acquisition of tool internal temperature profiles very close to the cutting tip. The influence of varying cutting parameters on transient tool internal temperature profiles was measured and discussed. With further study, the described instrumented cutting inserts could provide more valuable insight into the process physics and could improve various aspects of machining processes, e.g. reliability, tool life, and workpiece quality.
Estimating Abundance of Age‐0 Striped Bass in the Delaware River by Using Marked Hatchery Fish

Abstract A mark-recapture study was conducted in the Delaware River during the fall of 1990 to estimate population size of age-0 striped bass Morone saxatilis. Approximately 95,000 hatchery-reared fish were individually marked with coded wire tags and released in 15 separate batches at 10 different locations within the nursery area. Handling mortality and tag loss were estimated through the use of in situ enclosures. Recapture efforts yielded 53 tagged fish from approximately 300 seine and trawl samples. A total population of 972,937 age-0 striped bass was estimated by means of the Petersen method and an area-weighted volumetric expansion for upriver areas. Analysis of the assumptions of the Petersen method indicated that releasing tagged fish over a broad area and randomizing recapture methods are the most important steps to take in estimating population size ofage-0 striped bass. This study demonstrated the logistical and technical feasibility of using hatchery-reared striped bass in mark–recapture stud...
Short RNAs: How Big Is This Iceberg?

Recent studies have reported the identification of piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs) in Drosophila somatic cells. Interestingly, these piRNAs derive from the 3' untranslated regions of a subset of transcribed protein-coding genes and, experimentation suggests, might control the expression of other protein-coding transcripts. Studies of additional organisms support the new pathway's presence across animals.
Demonstration of vestibular implantation of ectopic ureters on an excretory urogram

The authors describe a patient in whom they demonstrated ectopic vestibular ureteral implantation on excretory urography. They indicate that this simple rechnique should be fully exploited before doing vaginograms or other more exotic examinations.
Atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung. A clinicopathologic study of 17 cases

We describe 17 atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung that are histologically intermediate between small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma and typical carcinoid tumor. Atypical carcinoid tumors have a distinctive microscopic pattern of nests, trabeculae, and ribbons of intermediate-sized, moderately pleomorphic cells that lack the nuclear molding and dense hyperchromasia of small-cell undifferentiated carcinoma. Mucin was present in 15 cases and nine contained argyrophilic granules. The three primary tumors and one metastasis studied ultrastructurally contained dense-core granules and variable degrees of squamous and glandular differentiation. Eleven patients were men; six were women. Their mean age was 58 years. Sixteen patients were known smokers. Twelve tumors involved the upper lobes and three were located in the right middle lobe. Mean tumor size was 4.9 cm (median 4; range 2.5--20). Four of 13 patients having potentially curative resection died of tumor. The other nine patients were disease free with a mean follow-up of 20 months. Four additional patients treated palliatively died.
Methods to Approximate Joint Uncertainty and Variability in Risk

As interest in quantitative analysis of joint uncertainty and interindividual variability (JUV) in risk grows, so does the need for related computational shortcuts. To quantify JUV in risk, Monte Carlo methods typically require nested sampling of JUV in distributed inputs, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. Two approximation methods proposed here allow simpler and more rapid analysis. The first consists of new upper-bound JUV estimators that involve only uncertainty or variability, not both, and so never require nested sampling to calculate. The second is a discrete-probability-calculus procedure that uses only the mean and one upper-tail mean for each input in order to estimate mean and upper-bound risk, which procedure is simpler and more intuitive than similar ones in use. Application of these methods is illustrated in an assessment of cancer risk from residential exposures to chloroform in Kanawah Valley, West Virginia. Because each of the multiple exposure pathways considered in this assessment had separate modeled sources of uncertainty and variability, the assessment illustrates a realistic case where a standard Monte Carlo approach to JUV analysis requires nested sampling. In the illustration, the first proposed method quantified JUV in cancer risk much more efficiently than corresponding nested Monte Carlo calculations. The secondmore » proposed method also nearly duplicated JUV-related and other estimates of risk obtained using Monte Carlo methods. Both methods were thus found adequate to obtain basic risk estimates accounting for JUV in a realistically complex risk assessment. These methods make routine JUV analysis more convenient and practical. 58 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.« less
Pulmonary function in primary pulmonary hypertension

AbstractObjectives: The study was done to ascertain the degree to which abnormalities in resting lung function correlate with the disease severity of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (P...
Repair of esophageal perforation after treatment for achalasia

Esophageal perforation after treatment for achalasia is a devastating complication. Successful closure of the perforation and relief of the obstruction from achalasia are paramount. This can be accomplished by careful closure of the mucosa. The mucosal closure is buttressed by a pedicled intercostal muscle carefully sewn to the edges of the muscular defect. This approach deals effectively with the perforation and maintains the myotomy for relief of esophageal obstruction from achalasia.
Thermal Death Kinetics and Heat Tolerance in Early and Late Third Instars of the Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The kinetics of thermal death for early and late third instars of the oriental fruit fly Dacus dorsalis (Hendel) were determined at temperatures between 43 and 48°C and from 0 to 70 min using a hot water immersion technique. Both developmental stages exhibited nonlogarithmic death (survivorship) curves that were characterized by an initial lag in mortality followed by an increasing death rate with time at a given temperature. Based on Q10 values, popping (late) third instars appeared more resistant to heat than feeding (early) third instars. Arrhenius plots of larval death rates (k) indicated parallel slopes. The plots were different from Arrhenius plots of eggs and first instars reported in an earlier study. Comparison of the times necessary to achieve a predicted mortality using either thermal death rate analysis or probit analysis were similar to actual survivorship data at the high mortality level, suggesting that either could be used to estimate time-temperature-mortality for development of heat-based quarantine treatments. This information is discussed with respect to susceptibility of D. dorsalis larvae to heat and use of predictive models for disinfestation studies.
Ecdysone levels during metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster

The nature of the ecdysones present in Drosophila melanogaster during metamorphosis was investigated by the use of radioimmune assays, gas-liquid chromatography, and high-resolution liquid chromatography. β -Ecdysone was the only ecdysone detected in methanolic extracts of late larvae, prepupae, and early pupae. A small amount of α -ecdysone may be present in mid-third instar larvae. The amount of β -ecdysone found at the time of puparium formation is comparable to the amount required to induce morphogenesis of imaginal discs cultured in vitro . It is concluded that β -ecdysone is the molting hormone responsible for metamorphosis in Drosophila .
Implementation of targeted medication adherence interventions within a community chain pharmacy practice: The Pennsylvania Project

Objective To identify facilitators and barriers to implementing targeted medication adherence interventions in community chain pharmacies, and describe adaptations of the targeted intervention and organizational structure within each individual pharmacy practice. Design Qualitative study. Setting Central and western Pennsylvania from February to April 2012. Participants Rite Aid pharmacists staffed at the 118 Pennsylvania Project intervention sites. Main outcome measures Qualitative analysis of pharmacists’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers experienced, targeted intervention and organizational structure adaptations implemented, and training and preparation prior to implementation. Results A total of 15 key informant interviews were conducted from February to April 2012. Ten pharmacists from “early adopter” practices and five pharmacists from “traditionalist” practices were interviewed. Five themes emerged regarding the implementation of targeted interventions, including all pharmacists’ need to understand the relationship of patient care programs to their corporation's vision; providing individualized, continual support and mentoring to pharmacists; anticipating barriers before implementation of patient care programs; encouraging active patient engagement; and establishing best practices regarding implementation of patient care services. Conclusion This qualitative analysis revealed that there are a series of key steps that can be taken before the execution of targeted interventions that may promote successful implementation of medication therapy management in community chain pharmacies.
Desorption induced by ion- and neutral-beam excitation

Abstract Beam-induced desorption of particles from solid surfaces can be initiated by momentum-changing atomic collisions or by changes in the electronic environment of the desorbing particle. This report gives preliminary results on experiments designed to provide information about the mechanisms of electronic desorption through comparisons of the optical spectra of particles desorbed by beams of different species, charge state, and energy.
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of vocal cord closure during deglutition

Abstract Background & Aims: Vocal cord closure is instrumental in airway protection during deglutition. Conventional imaging of vocal cord closure and reopening during deglutition requires invasive and nonphysiological methods. The aim of this study was to characterize the biomechanical properties of normal vocal cord adduction/abduction during deglutition using echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging, a technique that has the capability of imaging soft-tissue motion with real-time temporal resolution. Methods: The movements of laryngeal and vocal cord structures during swallowing were determined in 11 normal volunteers by single slice and axially reformatted multislice coronal echoplanar images. Results: During swallowing, the larynx ascended to peak elevation, maintained peak elevation for a discrete interval, and descended to its resting position. Vocal cord adduction occurred with a symmetric tent-like configuration at the midpoint of maximal laryngeal elevation, whereas vocal cord abduction occurred at the midpoint of laryngeal descent. Spatial analysis of vocal cord configuration during adduction determined that the vocal cords attained an initial parallel configuration during ascent, followed by closure at peak laryngeal elevation. Conclusions: These results show that the vocal cords adduct and abduct synchronously with laryngeal ascent and descent, respectively, during deglutition. Echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging constitutes a novel tool used to assess clinical abnormalities of deglutitive laryngeal function.
Raman spectra of shocked diamond single crystals

Results from time-resolved spectroscopy, used to examine the triply degenerate Raman line of diamond shocked to peak longitudinal stresses of 45 GPa in plate impact experiments, are analyzed here. The complete lifting of the degeneracy along [110] and partial lifting of the degeneracy along [100] are of particular interest. The line splittings and associated frequency shifts were analyzed using a phenomenological model based on lattice dynamics calculations. The three parameters in the model, related to the anharmonic contributions to the crystal potential, were determined unambiguously from the [110] data. Our results differ from previous values reported in the literature. Subsequent predictions of the [100] response using these model parameters are in excellent agreement with the measured results. Weighted centroids of the shifted frequencies are compared with static high-pressure measurements of the degenerate Raman line. Good agreement is demonstrated for compression to 4%, suggesting that the centroid location is not influenced by nonhydrostaticity. Nonlinear elastic stress-strain relations are presented for shock compression along different crystallographic orientations in diamond. Present analysis permits determination of diamond Raman shifts for any arbitrary deformation.
Synchrony capture hypothesis fails to account for effects of amplitude on voicing perception

Kluender et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 2552–2567 (1995)] reported that overall stimulus amplitude affects perception of the voicing contrast in syllable-initial stops as a function of frequency separation between the first formant (F1) and higher formants (F2, F3). These results were offered as support for a hypothesis that [−voice] could be signaled by a shift in the temporal pattern of neural firing from synchronizing to energy at frequencies of F2 and F3 to synchronizing to energy near F1. Several predictions from this “synchrony capture hypothesis” were tested in the current study. In all cases the hypothesis was not supported. Effect of stimulus amplitude (increased voiceless responses with higher amplitude) was maintained when there was no cutback in F1 or when F2 and F1 energy bands were presented dichotically. In further tests of the hypothesis, voice–voiceless series were created that maintained periodic energy throughout the syllable (with F1 cutback signaling voicing). Energy just below the frequency of F2 and energy above F1 were presented dichotically. Thus, at the periphery there was no competition between frequencies near F2 and lower frequencies. In contrast to predictions of the “synchrony capture hypothesis,” overall amplitude still had an effect on voice–voiceless identifications.
Factors affecting periprocedural morbidity and mortality and long-term patient survival after arterial embolization of hepatic neuroendocrine metastases.

Abstract Purpose To identify factors affecting periprocedural morbidity and mortality and long-term survival following hepatic artery embolization (HAE) of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) metastases. Materials and Methods This single-center, institutional review board–approved retrospective review included 320 consecutive HAEs for NET metastases performed in 137 patients between September 1996 and September 2007. Forty-seven HAEs (15%) were performed urgently to manage refractory symptoms in inpatients (urgent group), and 273 HAEs (85%) were elective (elective group). Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan–Meier methodology. Complications were categorized per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine independent predictors for OS, complications, and 30-day mortality. The independent factors were combined to develop clinical risk score groups. Results Urgent HAE ( P = .007), greater than 50% liver replacement by tumor ( P P = .007) were independent predictors for shorter OS. Patients with all three risk factors had decreased OS versus those with none (median, 8.5 vs 86 mo; P P = .0009). There were eight complications (3%) in the elective group and five (10.6%) in the urgent group ( P = .03). Male sex and urgent group were independent factors for higher 30-day mortality rate ( P = .023 and P =.016, respectively) and complications ( P = .012 and P =.001, respectively). Conclusions Urgent HAE, replacement of more than 50% of liver by tumor, and extrahepatic metastasis are strong independent predictors of shorter OS. Male sex and urgent HAE carry higher 30-day mortality and periprocedural morbidity risks.
Partitioning with terminals: a “new” problem and new benchmarks

The presence of fixed terminals in hypergraph partitioning instances arising in top-down standard-cell placement makes such instances qualitatively different from the free hypergraphs that have driven the past two decades of VLSI CAD partitioning research. In this paper we empirically show that with fixed terminals in the instance, less effort is needed to stably reach a given solution quality. We then develop new benchmark formats that flexibly capture the presence of terminals and any geometric embedding information associated with the partitioning instance. Our new formats not only allow modeling of top-down placement, but also enable study of placement-specific partitioning objectives, e.g., based on net bounding boxes and Steiner tree estimators. Finally, we develop a new suite of partitioning benchmarks with fixed terminals, based on the actual placement data from the IBM-internal circuits released in the ISPD-98 Benchmark Suite [1, 2]. A set of partitioning results is presented with runtime regimes appropriate to the placement use model, as a baseline for future efforts in the research community.
Definition of the Sites of Interaction between the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 and CD22

CD22 phosphorylation is an early event of B cell antigen receptor engagement and results in the recruitment of the negative regulatory tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1. Peptides representing the potential phosphorylation sites within the cytoplasmic domain of CD22 have been used to stimulate SHP-1 catalytic activity and to inhibit the binding of SHP-1 to CD22 (Doody, G., Justement, L., Delibrias, C., Matthews, R., Lin, J., Thomas, M., and Fearon, D. (1995) Science 269, 242–244). However, the sites of phosphorylation within the cytoplasmic domain of CD22 and the importance of each for the recruitment and activation of SHP-1 remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that there are multiple sites within the cytoplasmic domain of CD22 that interact with the Src homology 2 domains of SHP-1. Nevertheless, a minimum of two tyrosines in CD22 is required for the association with SHP-1. Furthermore, both Src homology 2 domains of SHP-1 are necessary for efficient binding to CD22.
Size-segregated composition of particulate matter (PM) in major roadways and surface streets

Abstract A sampling campaign was conducted to assess on-road particulate matter (PM) composition for three size fractions (PM 10 – 2.5 , PM 2.5 – 0.25 , and PM 0.25 ) on three representative roadways in Los Angeles: 1) the I-110, a high-traffic freeway composed mostly of light-duty vehicles (LDVs), 2) the I-710, a major freeway for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) traveling to and from the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, and 3) Wilshire/Sunset Blvd, two major surface streets. Concurrent sampling was conducted at the University of Southern California (USC), which was used as an urban background site. Two sets of PM samples were collected for each roadway, with a sampling duration of approximately 50 h for each set. The samples were analyzed for inorganic ions, elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), and trace elements and metals. Results showed that the PM 0.25 fraction is heavily influenced by on-road vehicular emissions, as indicated by average roadway PM concentrations that were 48.0 ± 9.4% higher than those observed at USC ( p 10 – 2.5 fraction is mostly influenced by resuspension of road dust and the PM 2.5 – 0.25 fraction is mainly composed of secondary species. Overall, the composition of inorganic ions (%) was relatively consistent across the three roadway environments. With very low EC levels in PM 10 – 2.5 , the most notable difference among the three roadway environments was the PM 2.5 EC levels observed on the I-710, which are 2.0 ± 0.2 μg m −3 and 4.1 times greater than USC, while levels on the I-110 and Wilshire/Sunset were 1.0 ± 0.2 μg m −3 and 0.6 ± 0.01 μg m −3 and 2.1 and 1.2 times greater, respectively. PM 2.5 OC and WSOC concentrations were observed to be 1.6, 2.0, and 1.7 times greater on the I-110, I-710, and Wilshire/Sunset than corresponding levels at USC, respectively. Results from this study may have major public health implications for passengers who commute frequently on high-traffic roadways. Finally, a comparison of EC levels to previous studies conducted at fixed sites near the I-110 and I-710 showed substantial decreases in EC concentrations over the past years, which may be a result of the recent Port of Los Angeles Clean Truck Program.
Dilemmas of democratic thought for educational leadership: considerations of social justice scholarship

Efforts to include democratic ideals in public education are not new. However, current leadership efforts to foster these ideals within a PK–12 curriculum are often fruitless, partly because of a lack of common definition or perceived benefit. What exactly is meant when we suggest that educational leaders advocate teaching about democracy in our schools? First, it is important to teach about the history and values of a democratic society. Second, because students learn about democratic principles in the environment in which they live and work, we must examine the debates in philosophical thought foundational to educational decisions. The author proposes commonly understood definitions of democratic ideas and their perceived benefit to the long‐term vibrancy of American education.
Streamflow trends in Indiana: Effects of long term persistence, precipitation and subsurface drains

Summary Streamflow trends in Indiana are evaluated for 31 USGS gauging stations that have 50 years or more continuous unregulated streamflow records. Trends are computed for selected streamflow statistics to include annual and seasonal low, medium, and high flow conditions by using four variations of the Mann–Kendall test. These variations include: (i) Mann–Kendall without autocorrelation, (ii) Mann–Kendall with lag-1 autocorrelation and trend-free pre-whitening, (iii) Mann–Kendall with complete autocorrelation structure, and (iv) Mann–Kendall with long term persistence. Mann–Kendall test is also applied to the precipitation data using the above four approaches to explore the relationship between precipitation and stream flow trends. Overall, there is an increasing trend in low and medium flow conditions across Indiana. However, these trend results are affected by the selection of flow statistic, annual/seasonal statistics, data length and consideration of autocorrelation structure. Specifically, the number of stations that show trends in low and medium flow statistics decreases significantly (up to 70%) when autocorrelation structure is considered in the analysis. The precipitation trends, however, are not affected by the autocorrelation structure, suggesting that factors other than precipitation trends are related to streamflow trends in Indiana. In addition, high flows are found to be less correlated to precipitation compared to low flows in heavily drained northern Indiana. This suggests that the subsurface drainage is playing a role in the observed streamflow trends in Indiana, but this issue needs further investigation. Overall, this study provides an elaborate view of past streamflow trends in Indiana which should be useful for further research including understanding the impact of future biofuel activities on Indiana hydrology and climate.
A high sensitivity pickup for cardiovascular sounds.

Abstract There has long been a need for a practicable electronic method of detecting and recording heart murmurs of very low intensity—sounds at and below the threshold of stethoscopic audibility. To accomplish this necessitates a pickup having high sensitivity and wide range, and extremely low levels of ambient noise both in the recording system and in the environment. We have attempted to devise such a pickup. It is essentially a capacitance transducer which does not rely on air conduction of sound, and which can utilize the body surface itself as one electrode of the capacitor. Clinical and experimental tests of this capacitance pickup indicate that it is uniquely suited to the recording of cardiovascular sounds.
Thermal dephasing and the echo effect in a confined Bose-Einstein condensate

Thermal fluctuations of the normal component induce dephasing---reversible damping of the low-energy collective modes of a confined Bose-Einstein condensate. The dephasing rate is calculated for the isotropic oscillator trap, where the Landau damping is expected to be suppressed. This rate is characterized by a steep temperature dependence. It is weakly amplitude dependent, and is sensitive to the total number of atoms in the trap. The value of the rate belongs to the range of the damping rates observed by Jin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 420 (1996)]. We suggest that a reversible nature of the damping caused by the thermal dephasing in the isotropic trap can be tested by the echo effect. A reversible nature of the Landau damping is also discussed, and a possibility of observing the echo effect in an anisotropic trap is considered as well. The parameters of the echo for the isotropic trap are calculated in the weak echo limit. Results of the numerical simulations of the echo are also presented.
Optimum detection and signal selection for partially coherent binary communication

The optimum detectors for coherent and noncoherent reception of binary signals in additive Gaussian noise and the resuiting error probabilities were obtained by Helstrom [1]. In many practical communication systems a reasonable estimate of the phase of the received signal is available as the result of an auxiliary tracking operation of the carrier signal by a coherent tracking device such as a phase-locked loop. It is shown that the optimum detector for this case, which we refer to as partially coherent reception, is a linear combination of the correlation detector and the squared envelope correlation detector, which are optimum for the coherent and noncoherent cases, respectively. The error probabilities are also obtained as a function of the energy-to-noise ratio of the channel and the variance of the error in the phase estimate, which is a function of the signal-to-noise (SNR) in the tracking loop. The signal selection problem is considered in terms of these parameters.
Triiodothyronine: Review of recent studies of its physiology and pathophysiology in man☆

RIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) was originally identified in human plasma by Gross and Pitt-Rivers in 1952.’ Shortly thereafter, it was shown by those authors and by Lerman that T3 was approximately 3-4 times as effective in the treatment of human myxedema as was thyroxine (T4)ja Considerable speculation was raised at that time as to the role of this hormone in normal man and in patients with thyroid pathology, but little new data accumulated on this subject in the ensuing 15 yr. This was primarily due to the low concentration of the hormone in human serum and the tedious methods required for quantitation. In the last 5 yr, novel approaches to the measurement of T3 were suggested by Nauman, Nauman, and Werner and by Sterling, Bellabarba, Newman, and Brenner which led to a new interest in the role of this hormone.5,s It has become apparent, based on data collected using these and the more recently developed techniques for radioimmunoassay, that T3, despite the small quantities present in human serum, plays an important role in the maintenance of the euthyroid state. Initial estimates were that perhaps onehalf of the body’s thyroid hormone needs were suppIied by T3. Even more recently, extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3 has been demonstrated in vivo and the original speculation of Gross and Pitt-Rivers that T4 is converted to T3 before it can exert its metabolic action has again been raised.3 It is the purpose of this review to examine the recent literature with respect to the role of T3 in normal and pathologic thyroid states. In addition some unpublished studies from our own laboratory will also be presented which bear on this subject. The reader is referred to previous reviews for a more thorough discussion of material published prior to 1969.“* The physiologic role of T3 in normals will be examined first followed by a discussion of T3 in patients with various thyroid diseases.
Calpain-mediated truncation of rat brain AMPA receptors increases their Triton X-100 solubility

Previous studies have indicated that calpain activation results in the truncation of the C-terminal domains of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits. The present study determined the distribution of the truncated species of the subunits between Triton-soluble and -insoluble fractions. Western blots were performed with various antibodies to quantify the amounts of the various species of GluR1, GluR2, GluR3 and NR2B subunits. The results indicate that calpain activation decreased the amount of all the intact subunits in Triton-insoluble fractions. Calpain-generated truncated forms of GluR1 and GluR2, but not NR2B, were absent in these fractions, and were recovered in Triton-soluble fractions. These findings suggest that calpain-mediated truncation of AMPA but not NMDA receptor C-terminal domains results in modifications of the interactions between the receptors and postsynaptic densities, and that this mechanism could be involved in activity-dependent changes in the subcellular distribution of AMPA receptors.
Utilizing a Water-Soluble Cryptophane with Fast Xenon Exchange Rates for Picomolar Sensitivity NMR Measurements

Hyperpolarized 129Xe chemical exchange saturation transfer (129Xe Hyper-CEST) NMR is a powerful technique for the ultrasensitive, indirect detection of Xe host molecules (e.g., cryptophane-A). Irradiation at the appropriate Xe-cryptophane resonant radio frequency results in relaxation of the bound hyperpolarized 129Xe and rapid accumulation of depolarized 129Xe in bulk solution. The cryptophane effectively “catalyzes” this process by providing a unique molecular environment for spin depolarization to occur, while allowing xenon exchange with the bulk solution during the hyperpolarized lifetime (T1 ≈ 1 min). Following this scheme, a triacetic acid cryptophane-A derivative (TAAC) was indirectly detected at 1.4 picomolar concentration at 320 K in aqueous solution, which is the record for a single-unit xenon host. To investigate this sensitivity enhancement, the xenon binding kinetics of TAAC in water was studied by NMR exchange lifetime measurement. At 297 K, kon ≈ 1.5 × 106 M–1s–1 and koff = 45 s–1, which r...
PROBOPYRUS PANDALICOLA (PACKARD) (ISOPODA, EPICARIDEA): MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT OF LARVAE IN CULTURE

Larven von Probopyrus pandalicola, einer die astuarine Garnele Palaemonetes pugio parasitierenden Art der Isopodenfamilie Bopyridae, wurden im Labor gezuchtet. Obwohl verschiedene Arten astuariner Copepoden frei schwimmenden Larven des Parasiten ausgesetzt wurden, hat sich Acartia tonsa als die einzige, regional haufig vorkommende Copepoden-Art erwiesen, die von P. pandalicola als Zwischenwirt angenommen wurde. Licht- und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie wurden eingesetzt, um die beobachteten Larvenstadien eingehend zu beschreiben: Epicaridium, Microniscus sofort und spater nach der Hautung sowie Cryptoniscus. Es wurde beobachtet, das zwar die Transformation vom Epicaridium- zum Microniscus-Stadium durch eine Hautung geschieht, das aber die Weiterentwicklung zum Cryptoniscus-Stadium ohne Unterbrechung durch eine erneute Hautung erfolgt. Die Entwicklung zum Cryptoniscus-Stadium dauert 6-8 Tage vom Moment des Befalls des Copepoden.
The effect of ethanol and sex on radial arm maze performance in rats

A daily dose of 1.5 g/kg of ethanol interfered with radial arm maze performance in rats. Ethanol inhibited the acquisition of a new win-shift response to obtain a food reward, especially when a previously learned response was present. This effect was greater in females than in males. Ethanol appears to suppress flexibility in the development of optimal performance of goal-directed behavior.
Coupled stress-diffusion: Case II

Abstract I n this paper , a macroscopic continuum formulation is developed for predicting Case II diffusion in polymers. This formulation is based on micromechanical considerations in that the free energy density for the solvent-polymer system is calculated using information from the microscopic structure of the system. Formulation here means a complete set of governing balance equations and constitutive laws that may be used to solve initial boundary value problems. The analysis begins with the development of the proper statements of momentum and mass balance for a mixture of a solvent and a polymer capable of undergoing a solvent induced rubber-glass transition. Subsequently, the expression for the local reduced entropy inequality is derived and used to determine the form of the constitutive relations in terms of the free energy function for the mixture. An extension of the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing to the transient case is then presented. The result of this formulation is a complete set of coupled field equations. An example initial boundary value problem is then solved to demonstrate that the qualitative features of Case II diffusion behavior are replicated.
Preserving Log-Concavity Under Convolution: Comment

In arguing that their results are broadly applicable BMR claim that log–concavity of the convolution is not a very restrictive condition, since it is implied by the log–concavity of either the density of θ1 or that of θ2. They formally state this as Proposition 16 in the appendix to their paper and provide a ‘proof’. Unfortunately, this result is false. Assume that f1(θ1) is the density function of a uniform random variable on the unit interval, and f2(θ2) is the density of a beta distribution with parameters p = 0.4 and q = 0.5, also defined on the unit interval. Both distributions are defined on bounded supports and the uniform density is log–concave as required by BMR. However, this beta density is not log–concave and thus, there are regions in the support of θ0 where the uniform–beta convolution distribution F0(θ0) and the corresponding survival function S0(θ) = 1−F0(θ0) are not log–concave.
Social Skills Differences Between the Autism Spectrum Disorders

Social skills deficits are one of the core features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), with many believing that this symptom domain is the defining feature of individuals with ASDs. Presently, Asperger’s Disorder, Autistic Disorder, and PDD-NOS make up the spectrum, but future revisions to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders propose that all of these disorders should be collapsed. Much debate has centered on this decision as some researchers believe the three ASDs to be uniquely different. As such, the purpose of the current investigation was to examine social skills differences between the three ASD groups. Participants were children ages 4 through 16 years who had been diagnosed with Asperger’s Disorder, Autistic Disorder, or PDD-NOS and who did not have comorbid intellectual disability. Their scores on the factors of the Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters-II (i.e., Hostile, Adaptive/Appropriate, and Inappropriately Assertive/Overconfident) were compared. Children with Asperger’s Disorder demonstrated significantly greater adaptive/appropriate social skills when compared to children with Autistic Disorder, and they also exhibited greater impairments with respect to hostility. No other differences were noted between ASD groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Scalable similarity search of timeseries with variable dimensionality

Timeseries can be similar in shape but differ in length. For example, the sound waves produced by the same word spoken twice have roughly the same shape, but one may be shorter in duration. Stream data mining, approximate querying of image and video databases, data compression, and near duplicate detection are applications that need to be able to classify or cluster such timeseries, and to search for and rank timeseries that are similar to a chosen timeseries. We demonstrate software for clustering and performing similarity search in databases of timeseries data, where the timeseries have high and variable dimensionality. Our demonstration uses Timeseries Sensitive Hashing (TSH)[3] to index the timeseries. TSH adapts Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), which is an approximate algorithm to index data points in a d-dimensional space under some (e.g., Euclidean) distance function. TSH, unlike LSH, can index points that do not have the same dimensionality. As examples of the potential of TSH, the demonstration will index and classify timeseries from an image database and timeseries describing human motion extracted from a video stream and a motion capture system.
Alkylamine Stabilized Ruthenium Nanocrystals: Faceting and Branching

Ruthenium nanocrystals were prepared upon decomposition of Ru3(CO)12 at high temperature in the presence of alkylamine stabilizers. The reaction produced a dark brown colloid that was processed with toluene/ethanol as solvent/nonsolvent pair. The materials were characterized using high resolution electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The Ru nanocrystals were single crystals with a hcp structure, and displayed regular facets. At lower temperatures nucleation was followed by attachment to yield mesoscale polycrystalline branched ruthenium structures.