cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role for Occupational Therapy in Community Mental Health: Using Policy to Advance Scholarship of Practice

Occupational therapists must be aware of professional and policy trends. More importantly, occupational therapists must be involved in efforts to influence policy both for the profession and for the people they serve (Bonder, 1987). Using the state of Illinois as an example, this article reviews the policies and initiatives that impact service decisions for persons with psychiatric disabilities as well as the rationale for including occupational therapy in community mental health service provision. Despite challenges in building a workforce of occupational therapists in the mental health system, this article makes the argument that the current climate of emerging policy and litigation combined with the supporting evidence provides the impetus to strengthen mental health as a primary area of practice. Implications for scholarship of practice related to occupational therapy services in community mental health programs for individuals with psychiatric disability are discussed.
Double-stranded cleavage of T-DNA and generation of single-stranded T-DNA molecules in Escherichia coli by a virD-encoded border-specific endonuclease from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

The virD locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid pTiA6 was sequenced. Computer analysis of the sequence indicated five possible open reading frames (ORFs) within this locus. Two additional ORFs were identified distal to this locus. However, only two polypeptides of apparent molecular masses 16 and 56 kilodaltons, the products of ORFs 1 and 2, were detected in Escherichia coli, both in vivo and in an in vitro coupled transcription-translation system. The virD locus was cloned in expression vector pKK223.3 under control of a tac promoter and introduced into an E. coli strain harboring mini-Ti plasmid pAL1050. When induced with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, the virD gene products exhibited double-stranded T-DNA border-specific endonuclease activity. Deletion analysis demonstrated that this activity is encoded within the 59-proximal 1.7-kilobase-pair portion of the virD locus that carries ORF 1 and most of ORF 2. Neither ORF 1 nor ORF 2 independently showed endonuclease activity; complementation studies indicated that the products of ORFs 1 and 2 together have this activity. The expression of this 1.7-kilobase-pair region of the virD locus caused double-stranded cleavage of the T-DNA at or near the borders and generated single-stranded T-DNA molecules with approximately equal frequencies in E. coli. Images
Untersuchungen im System PO 43−WO 42−H2OH3O+

Mittels der Methode der molaren Verhaltnisse und der von uns modifizierten Job-Methode der kontinuierlichen Variationen wurde erstmalig die Zusammensetzung von Heteropolywolframaten im UV-Absorptionsbereich am Beispiel des (1P:12W)-Komplexes bestimmt. Durch UV-absorptionsspektroskopische Untersuchung wurde gezeigt, das in mit HCl angesauerten Na2HPO4−Losungen nur das Dodekawolframatophosphat-Anion [PW12O40]3− gebildet wird. Durch UV-absorptionsspektroskopische und pH-metrische Untersuchungen von (1Na2HPO4: 12Na2WO4)- und reinen Na2WO4−Losungen in Abhangigkeit vom Sauregrad Z wurde ermittelt, das die Komplexbildung bei Z = 23 H3O+/12 WO = 1,92 abgeschlossen ist. Der H3O+−Verbrauch wurde fur Z = 2,0 zu 5 mol H3O+/1 mol HPO berechnet. Nach der Verdunnungsmethode von Babko wurde die Stabilitatskonstante von [PW12O40]3− zu βk = 2,4 · 1012 l2 · mol−2 bestimmt. Investigations in the System POWOH2OH3O+ By means of the molar ratio and Job'S method of continuous variations modified by us the composition of heteropolytungstates was determined using for the first time UV absorption spectroscopic techniques. For the case of the 1P:12W complex it is shown: In Na2HPO4 solutions acidified with HCl only the 12-tungstophosphate anion [PW12O40]3− is formed. The complex formation in dependence on the acid degree Z is complete at Z = 23 H3O+/12 WO = 1.92. For Z = 2.0 the consumption of H3O+ has been calculated to be 5 moles H3O+/1 mole HPO. Using Babko'S dilution method the stability constant of [PW12O40]3− was determined to be βk = 2.4 · 1012 l2 · mole−2.
Bone involvement predicts poor outcome in atypical meningioma.

Object The authors identified clinical features associated with progression and death in atypical meningioma (AM). Methods Forty-seven cases of primary AM treated at Massachusetts General Hospital were retrospectively evaluated for clinical features. Associations with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were assessed. Results The estimated median PFS was 56 months (95% CI 35 months–not estimable). The overall 3- and 5-year PFS rates were 65% (95% CI 44–80%) and 48% (95% CI 26–67%), respectively. The median survival time and 5- and 10-year survival rates were 158 months (95% CI 103 months–not estimable), and 86% (95% CI 69–94%) and 61% (95% CI 35–79%), respectively. Subtotal resection was associated with increased rate of progression compared to gross-total resection (p = 0.05) and trended toward an association with decreased survival (p = 0.09). Bone involvement was associated with an increased rate of disease progression (p = 0.001) and decreased survival (p = 0.04). Bone involvement rem...
Photodissociation dynamics of methyl nitrate at 193 nm: energy disposal in methoxy and nitrogen dioxide products.

The photodissociation dynamics of methyl nitrate, CH3ONO2, has been investigated at 193 nm by examining the products from the primary dissociation channel, namely CH3O and NO2. The CH3O ( 2E) photoproducts were probed by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) on the A 2A1– 2E transition under both nascent and jet-cooled conditions. The 310 and 311 bands originating from the vibrationless and C–O stretch (ν3) levels, respectively, were characterized to obtain the internal energy distribution of the CH3O products. Only a small fraction of the CH3O products (≤10%) were produced with one quantum of C–O stretch excitation as determined from the relative intensities of the bands in combination with transition probabilities derived from dispersed fluorescence measurements and/or calculated Franck–Condon factors. The CH3O products also had minimal rotational excitation: those produced in the ground vibrational state had a rotational temperature of 238 ± 7 K, corresponding to less than 1% of the available energy. Products with C–O stretch excitation were found to have a higher rotational temperature, but still a small fraction of the total energy. Combining the CH3O internal energy findings with previous photofragment translational energy measurements [X. Yang, P. Felder and J. R. Huber, J. Phys. Chem., 1993, 97, 10903] indicates that most of the available energy is deposited in the NO2 fragment. This is verified through dispersed fluorescence measurements which show that the NO2 fragment is produced electronically excited with internal energies extending to the NO + O dissociation limit. Ab initio calculations confirm that the dominant initial excitation is strongly localized on the NO2 moiety. The calculations are also used to reveal the forces that give rise to internal excitation of the CH3O fragment upon electronic excitation.
Middle ear epithelial mucin production in response to interleukin-6 exposure in vitro

Abstract Objectives To investigate the role of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the regulation of mucin secretion by middle ear epithelia. Materials and methods Primary chinchilla middle ear epithelial cultures were established and exposed to IL-6 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mucin secretion was characterized by exclusion chromatography and liquid scintillation. Results Epithelial cultures exposed to increasing doses of IL-6 demonstrated greater amounts of mucin secretion (p=0.018). Additionally, cultures exposed to IL-6 at 50 ng/ml showed significant increased secretion of mucin over control in time-dependent experiments at 6-, 15- and 24-h time points (p=0.003). Conclusions IL-6 upregulates mucin secretion from cultured middle ear epithelial cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Elucidating the effect of specific cytokines on the regulation of mucin secretion is vital to understanding the pathophysiology of otitis media and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Motivationally selective risk judgments: Do fear and curiosity boost the boons or the banes?

Abstract Recent theories of judgment and decision-making have focused increasingly on the role of motivation, affect, and other drive states. The current research examined whether specific motivational orientations associated with approach versus avoidance might be linked selectively to judgments of positive versus negative decision outcomes and future events. Findings from three studies suggest that fear—an emotion intrinsically linked to threat avoidance—was more strongly associated with judgments of negative outcomes than judgments of positive outcomes. In contrast, curiosity—a motivational orientation associated with approaching desired information and experiences—was more strongly associated with judgments of positive outcomes than judgments of negative outcomes. Findings are discussed with respect to functionalist theories of motivation and selective cognition.
Computerized morphometry as an aid in determining the grade of dysplasia and progression to adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus

The aims of this study were to use computerized morphometry in order to differentiate between the degree of dysplasia and to predict progression to invasive adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Biopsies from 97 patients with BE graded by a consensus forum of expert gastrointestinal pathologists were available for morphometrical analysis. The study group included 36 biopsies negative for dysplasia (ND), none of which progressed to carcinoma; 16 indefinite for dysplasia (IND) and 21 low-grade dysplasia (LGD), of which three progressed in each group and 24 high-grade dysplasia (HGD), of which 15 progressed to invasive carcinoma. Computerized morphometry was used for measuring indices of size, shape, texture, symmetry and architectural distribution of the epithelial nuclei. Low-grade dysplasia was best differentiated from the ND group by nuclear pseudostratification (P=0.036), pleomorphism (P<0.01), and chromatin texture (margination, P<0.01) and from the HGD group by nuclear area (P<0.01), pleomorphism (P<0.01), chromatin texture (margination, P<0.01), symmetry (P<0.01), and orientation (P=0.027). These results were validated on a new set of cases (n=55) using a neural network model, resulting in an accuracy of 89% for differentiating between the ND and LGD groups and 86% for differentiating between the LGD and HGD groups. Within the HGD group, univariate significant predictors of the progression interval to carcinoma were: indices of nuclear texture (heterogeneity: P=0.0019, s.d.-OD: P=0.005) and orientation: P=0.022. Nuclear texture (heterogeneity) was the only independent predictor of progression (P=0.004, hazard=11.54) by Cox's multivariate test. This study proposes that computerized morphometry is a valid tool for determining the grade of dysplasia in BE. Moreover, histomorphometric quantification of nuclear texture is a powerful tool for predicting progression to invasive adenocarcinoma in patients with HGD.
Control of glycerol-phosphate oxidation in flight-muscle mitochondria by H+ and Ca2+

Abstract H+-linked inhibition of glycerol-phosphate oxidation by preparations of flight-muscle mitochondria has been shown to be released completely by Ca2+ in a reaction accompanied by an uptake of Ca2+ by the mitochondria, an ejection of H+ into the medium, and mitochondrial swelling. Although a significant portion of the Ca2+ uptake normally associated with the release was uncoupler sensitive, the release of inhibition per se was not. This observation suggests that the release was via an energy-independent process of Ca2+ binding and thus appears to rule out the possibility that the primary locus of H+ inhibition and Ca2+ interaction was at the level of mitochondrial energy conservation. If so, uncouplers whose specificity is for mitochondrial energy, should have shortcircuited the release by Ca2+. It is suggested that the locus of H+ inhibition and Ca2+ interaction was at the level of substrate oxidation and dehydrogenase activity.
A Reduced Order Cyclic Method for Computation of Limit Cycles

A reduced order cyclic method was developed to compute limit-cycle oscillations for large, nonlinear, multidisciplinary systems of equations. Method efficacy was demonstrated for two simplified models: a typical-section airfoil with nonlinear structural coupling and a nonlinear panel in high-speed flow. The cyclic method was verified to maintain second-order temporal accuracy, yield converged limit cycles in about 10 Newton iterates, and provide precise estimates of cycle frequency. This method was projected onto a low-order space using a set of variables governing the amplitudes of empirically derived modes, which were computed with the proper orthogonal decomposition. In this reduced order form, the cyclic Jacobian was greatly compressed, allowing accurate limit cycle solutions to be very efficiently computed.
Functional and structural analysis of the mouse S-nitrosocysteine proteome

Cysteine S-nitrosation is a reversible posttranslational modification by which nitric oxide regulates protein function and signaling. While studies of individual proteins have elucidated specific functional roles for S-nitrosylation, our knowledge of in vivo S-nitrosylation sites and the global appreciation of S-nitrosylation utility remains limited. We used mass spectrometry based methodologies to identify 787 S-nitrosocysteine residues on 468 mouse proteins in vivo . Selective S-nitrosation of enzymes participating in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation indicates a prominent functional regulation in mitochondrial bioenergetics and metabolism. In the liver, a novel regulation of very long acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent, site specific S-nitrosation, was documented. The modification of VLCAD at cysteine238 lowered the km and effectively reversed hepatic steatosis in leptin deficient mice. These data implicate protein S-nitrosylation in the regulation of mitochondrial β -oxidation of fatty acids and as a potential mediator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Chemical reactions on solid surfaces: Atomistic observations by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract A scanning tunneling microscope has been developed which allows manipulation and control of the surface as well as scanning tunneling microscopy without transfer of the crystal off the manipulator to the microscope. The microscope is of the ‘Johnnie Walker’ type and is lowered onto the crystal, which is itself housed in a versatile transfer carriage. In this fashion surfaces can be ion bombarded, chemically treated, etc. and examined by the microscope at temperatures ranging from 120–400 K with atomic resolution without change in surface temperature. With this microscope we have studied the reaction of carbon monoxide with oxygen on Cu(110). At an ambient pressure of 10 −4 Torr carbon monoxide reacts with the p(2 × 1) islands of oxygen at a measurable rate only at 400 K or above. Reaction is approximately 1000 times faster along the (001) direction of the oxide islands than along the (110) direction. Reaction does not occur internal to the island unless there are defects to initiate the reaction. At 400 K the oxide islands do not maintain an equilibrium shape or distribution when reacting with ambient carbon monoxide, though in the presence of a low pressure of oxygen they appear to do so. At 150 K the p(2 × 1) oxide islands are inert to reaction with carbon monoxide and, additionally, short CuO chains are also unreactive. Reaction between pre-adsorbed carbon monoxide and ambient oxygen is observed, implying that mobile oxygen atoms which have not yet formed surface-bound pseudomolecules, can react with adsorbed carbon monoxide.
Adventitious chemistry at reduced water activities: Free radicals and polyhydroxy agents

Free radicals have been associated with loss of viability of lyophilized bacteria exposed to oxygen. Free radical concentration was proportional to the log of the oxygen pressure in the sample. Sugars, such as lactose or sucrose, preserved viability and inhibited free radical production. Lyophilized tissue, particularly liver and spleen, also reacted with oxygen to produce free radicals, which appear to be associated with ascorbic acid in the tissues. Pure ascorbic acid in air does not produce free radicals, but when mixed with protein before lyophilization it reacts with oxygen in air. When a mixture of sodium ascorbate and phenylalanine or tryptophan is lyophilized, free radicals identical to those observed in tissue are obtained. Propyl gallate and di- or trihydroxybenzoates also react with oxygen when lyophilized with phenylalanine, but the g value of the free radical is significantly less than that obtained with ascorbate. A number of amino acids and similar nitrogenous compounds act as catalysts to form propyl gallate free radicals. As with the bacterial or tissue preparations, various sugars or similar carbohydrates inhibited free radical production by either ascorbate or gallate. In the absence of water the free radicals produced by the action of oxygen on lyophilized samples are stable for years. The rate of free radical production is increased by small amounts of moisture (exposure to moist air), but at humidities over 30% rh the radicals are unstable.
An efficient numerical method for earthquake cycles in heterogeneous media: Alternating subbasin and surface-rupturing events on faults crossing a sedimentary basin

We present an efficient numerical method for earthquake cycle simulations that employs a finite difference discretization of the off-fault material to accommodate spatially variable elastic properties. The method is developed for the two-dimensional antiplane shear problem of a vertical strike-slip fault with rate-and-state friction. We compare earthquake cycles in a homogeneous half-space with those in which the upper portion of the fault cuts through a sedimentary basin. In both cases, we assume velocity-weakening behavior over the full seismogenic depth, even in the basin, to isolate the influence of elastic heterogeneity. In a homogeneous half-space, events rupturing the full seismogenic depth occur periodically. Event sequences are more complex in basin models, with one or several subbasin events confined to the lower section of the fault followed by a much larger, surface-rupturing event that breaks through the basin. This phenomenology emerges only for sufficiently compliant and deep basins. Predicted surface velocities are essentially identical before subbasin events and surface-rupturing events, suggesting that geodetic observations would not be useful in predicting the rupture mode. The alternating sequence of subbasin and surface-rupturing events would complicate interpretation of paleoseismic data. Our results also offer one potential explanation for the shallow slip deficit observed in many recent earthquakes, namely, that these events, which lack appreciable surface slip, are simply one style of rupture. Subsequent events on these faults might be larger, with slip extending all the way to the surface. The 1940 Mw 7.0 and 1979 Mw 6.5 Imperial Valley events might be considered as examples of these two rupture styles.
A simple proof of Kharitonov's theorem

An alternative proof of Kharitonov's theorem on the stability of linear time-invariant continuous systems under parameter variations is presented.
Incorporation of N-acetylneuraminic acid into Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide (LOS): enhancement of resistance to serum and reduction of LOS antibody binding

Haemophilus somnus isolates from cases of thrombotic meningoencephalitis, pneumonia, and other disease sites are capable of undergoing a high rate of phase variation in the oligosaccharide component of their lipooligosaccharides (LOS). In contrast, the LOS of commensal strains isolated from the normal reproductive tract phase vary little or not at all. In addition, the LOS of H. somnus shares conserved epitopes with LOS from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, and other species that can incorporate sialic acid into their LOS. We now report that growth of disease isolates of H. somnus with CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) or NeuAc added to the medium resulted in incorporation of NeuAc into the LOS. However, NeuAc was not incorporated into the LOS of commensal isolates and one disease isolate following growth in medium containing CMP-NeuAc or NeuAc. Sialylated LOS was detected by an increase in the molecular size or an increase in the amount of the largest-molecular-size LOS electrophoretic bands, which disappeared following treatment with neuraminidase. Sialylated LOS could also be detected by reactivity with Limax flavus agglutinin lectin, which is specific for sialylated species, by dot blot assay; this reactivity was also reversed by neuraminidase treatment. H. somnus strain 2336 LOS was found to contain some sialic acid when grown in medium lacking CMP-NeuAc or NeuAc, although supplementation enhanced NeuAc incorporation. In contrast strain 738, an LOS phase variant of strain 2336, was less extensively sialylated when the growth medium was supplemented with CMP-NeuAc or NeuAc, as determined by electrophoretic profiles and electrospray mass spectrometry. The sialyltransferase of H. somnus strain 738 was confirmed to preferentially sialylate the Gal(beta)-(1-3)-GlcNAc component of the lacto-N-tetraose structure by capillary electrophoresis assay. Enhanced sialylation of the strain 2336 LOS inhibited the binding of monoclonal antibodies to LOS by enzyme immunoassay and Western blotting. Furthermore, sialylation of the LOS enhanced the resistance of H. somnus to the bactericidal action of antiserum to LOS. Sialylation and increased resistance to killing by normal serum also occurred in a deletion mutant that was deficient in the terminal Gal-GlcNAc disaccharide. LOS sialylation may therefore be an important virulence mechanism to protect H. somnus against the host immune system.
Effect of hyperoxia on 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by the neonatal rabbit lung.

Abstract Neonatal rabbits were exposed to either normoxia (21% oxygen) or hyperoxia (• 95% oxygen) for 2–4 days, and isolated ventilated perfused lung preparations from the various animals were studied. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT) uptake, perfusion pressure, alveolar lavage protein and lung tissue vitamin E concentrations were measured. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups at any time point. There was no difference in perfusion pressures at any time point. There were no differences between normoxic and hyperoxic animals in alveolar lavage protein or 5 HT uptake at 2 and 3 days. At 4 days, 5HT uptake (fractional) was lower in the hyperoxia group than in controls (0.65 ± 0.033 v. 0.75 ± 0.013 (mean ± SE); p ≤ 0.05) and alveolar lavage protein was higher compared to normoxia (1111 ± 415 μg/ml v. 481 ± 78 μg/ml; p ≤ 0.05). Lung vitamin E concentrations were higher at 3 days in rabbits exposed to hyperoxia compared to normoxia (16.5 ± 1.8 μg/gm v. 12.3 ± 0.6 μg/gm; p ≤ 0.05). In air exposed animals there was a decrease in lung vitamin E concentration after 2 days, whereas hyperoxia exposed animals had no significant decrease in lung vitamin E concentrations from 2–4 days exposure. These studies establish that the decrease in 5HT uptake, albeit delayed compared to that described previously in adult animals, is a reasonable measure of pulmonary oxygen toxicity in newborn rabbits.
Effect of moisture content on the isocyanate/wood adhesive bondline by 15N CP/MAS NMR

A 99% 15N-labeled polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) resin was used to make a series of wood/15N-pMDI composites at various wood precure moisture contents. Cure chemistry and bondline morphology was monitored using 15N CP/MAS (15N cross-polarization, magic-angle spinning) NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance). Biuret-type structures were identified as the predominant chemical moieties when dry wood flakes were bonded together, while urea linkages were predominant at higher precure moisture. Urea and urethane signal overlap make the unambiguous identification of urethane difficult. Relaxation studies using variable contact times were complicated by excessively long cross-polarization rates for nonprotonated nitrogens. Experiments using variable spin lock periods prior to a fixed contact time indicate that the cured resin in these composites is homogeneous. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Parthenocarpic pod development byVanilla planifolia Andrews induced with growth-regulating chemicals

Growth regulators were applied to open flowers ofVanilla planifolia Andrews to determine if pod set and development comparable to that achieved by hand pollination could be obtained. A high percentage of pod set was induced with all treatments using 2,4-D, dicamba, and IAA-IBA syrup. Only the highest concentration of NAA yielded similar results. Limited set resulted from treatments with Gibrel. The application of 0.1 mg of 2,4-D in lanolin paste around the base of the calyx resulted in pods that, although weighing less, were similar in size to those from hand-pollinated flowers. Repeated applications with 0.1% of 2,4-D in lanolin paste and the removal of all unopened buds after four pods had set in the raceme had little influence on pod size. Dicamba and 2,4-D were translocated from the treated flower to buds in the same raceme, inducing these to set fruit. Dicamba was translocated also from one raceme to another. Growth curves of parthenocarpic and seeded pods were of the sigmoid type. Ovaries of flowers treated with 0.1 mg of 2,4-D grew at their maximum rate during the first week after treatment while those of pollinated flowers reached this peak three weeks after treatment. Chromatograms made of extracts of the parthenocarpic pods showed that vanillin was present in almost all samples.
Functional Neuroimaging of Sympathetic Innervation of the Heart

Many concepts about acute and chronic effects of stress depend on alterations in sympathetic nerves supplying the heart. Physiologic, pharmacologic, and neurochemical approaches have been used to evaluate cardiac sympathetic function. This article describes a fourth approach that is based on nuclear scanning to visualize cardiac sympathetic innervation and function and relationships between the neuroimaging findings and those from other approaches. Multiple-system atrophy with orthostatic hypotension (formerly the Shy-Drager syndrome) features normal cardiac sympathetic innervation and normal entry of norepinephrine into the coronary sinus (cardiac norepinephrine spillover), in contrast to Parkinson disease with orthostatic hypotension, which features neuroimaging and neurochemical evidence for loss of cardiac sympathetic nerves. This difference may have important implications not only for diagnosis but also for understanding the etiology of Parkinson disease. By analysis of curves relating myocardial radioactivity with time (time-activity curves) after injection of a sympathoneural imaging agent, it is possible to obtain information about cardiac sympathetic function. Abnormal time-activity curves are seen in common disorders such as heart failure and diabetic neuropathy and provide an independent, adverse prognostic index. Analogous abnormalities might help explain increased cardiovascular risk in psychiatric disorders such as melancholic depression.
s- and p-wave neutron spectroscopy Xc. Intermediate structure: 88Sr

Abstract Neutron total cross section measurements of natural Sr were made from 50–875 keV using a high resolution proton beam and the 7Li(p, n) reaction as a neutron source. These data were analyzed with the help of an R-Matrix code to extract resonance (energies and other) parameters up to about 850 keV. 2p-1h and particle-vibration doorway interpretation of the s-, p- and d-wave resonances is attempted in terms of the sum rule Σγn2 = γd2. Predictions based on both of these models agree with the experimental results. As expected the p-wave resonances are stronger than either s- and d-wave structure. Theory accounts for the p-wave strength remarkably well. Possible location of the p-wave s.p. resonance is reproduced with a real potential and its damping due to the imaginary potential is calculated. More fragmentation of the strong p-wave doorways is observed than was expected for a compound nucleus so near 90Zr, but a larger strength function is observed apparently due to the p-wave giant resonance.
Dissecting the Interaction Mode of Calmodulin and Modulating the Regulation of Ryanodine Receptor1 by Tuning Calcium Binding Affinity with Calmodulin

ABSTACTCalmodulin (CaM) is an important intracellular protein which modulates many cell functions by interacting with other enzymes. The skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) is regulated by both Ca2+ and CaM. CaM was reported to be able to effectively increase channel opening at low Ca2+ and decrease channel opening at high Ca2+. However, which Ca2+ binding site of CaM serves as the switch in the biphasic Ca2+ dependence of RyR1 activation remains unclear. To address this question, we engineered a series of CaM variants with increased and decreased Ca2+ binding affinities. Using various spectroscopic methods such as circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, high resolution NMR and single channel activity measurements, we have shown that Ca2+ binding to CaM's C-terminal acts as the switch converting CaM from a RyR1 activator to a channel inhibitor. These results further indicate that targeting CaM's Ca2+ affinity may be a valid strategy to tune the activation profile of ion channels. We then applied peptide model and mini-domain approaches to dissect the possible interaction modes between CaM and RyR1 in the absence and presence of calcium. Using 1H-15N HSQC, residual dipolar coupling (RDC), and fluorescence spectroscopy, we have shown that that both Ca2+ CaM and Apo-CaM differentially interact with different regions of RyR1 with different binding modes and affinity.
GABAA receptor β3 subunit gene-deficient heterozygous mice show parent-of-origin and gender-related differences in β3 subunit levels, EEG, and behavior

The homozygous knockout mouse for the beta3 subunit of the GABAA receptor has been proposed as a model for the neurodevelopmental disorder, Angelman syndrome, based on phenotypic similarities of craniofacial abnormalities, cognitive defects, hyperactivity, motor incoordination, disturbed rest-activity cycles, and epilepsy. Since most children with Angelman syndrome are autosomal heterozygotes of maternal origin, apparently through genomic imprinting, we used gabrb3-deficient heterozygote mice of defined parental origin to investigate whether this phenotype is also maternally imprinted in mouse. Whole brain extracts showed greatly reduced beta3 subunit levels in male mice of maternal origin but not in male mice of paternal origin. Females of both parental origin showed greatly reduced beta3 subunit levels. Heterozygotes did not exhibit hyperactive circling behavior, convulsions, or electrographically recorded seizures. EEGs showed qualitative differences among heterozygotes, with male mice of maternal origin demonstrating more abnormalities including increased theta activity. Ethosuximide inhibited theta bursts, suggesting an alteration in the thalamocortical relay. Carbamazepine induced EEG slowing in males and EEG acceleration in females, with a larger effect in paternal-origin heterozygotes. Evidence thus suggests both parent-of-origin and gender-related components in developmental regulation of beta3 expression, in particular, that the maternally-derived male heterozygote may carry a developmental modification resulting in less beta3 protein, which may reflect partial genomic imprinting of the gabrb3 gene in mice.
Renal angiomyolipoma in a case of tuberous sclerosis, an electron microscopy study.

Summary Electron microscopic study of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma in a case of tuberous sclerosis showed two cell types: smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. There were no tubular or glomerular elements within the tumor mass. To our knowledge this study represents the first ultrastructural demonstration of smooth muscle cells occurring in the renal lesions of this complex.
Use of nucleoside kinase-deficient mouse leukemia L1210 cell lines to determine metabolic routes of activation of antitumor nucleoside analogs

Abstract Mouse leukemia L1210 cell lines that were selected for resistance to deoxyguanosine (dGuo-R) or lacked adenosine kinase activity (ED2) were used to evaluate the nature of the nucleoside kinase that was required to phosphorylate nucleoside analogs to their respective active nucleotide form. The dGuo-R cells had reduced levels of kinase activity toward araC, dGuo and 2-CldAdo as substrates with essentially no loss of activity toward dCyd. This cell line showed resistance to dGuo, araC, araG, FdAdo, and Fara A but not to dAdo or araA. The ED2 cell line was resistant to pyrazofurin and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside and to araA/EHNA but not to 2-CldAdo or 2-Cl-2′-FaraA. The study of the effects of newer nucleoside analogs such as dFdCyd, MdAdo, MdCyd and MdGuo in these cell lines showed that some of these agents are primarily phosphorylated by deoxyribonucleoside kinase (dFdCyd) or by adenosine kinase (MdAdo) or in some instances by multiple kinases (FaraA). These cell lines will be useful in defining the nature of the kinase(s) responsible for activating new nucleoside analogs and defining cross-resistance patterns.
Mutations of phosphorylation sites in lamin A that prevent nuclear lamina disassembly in mitosis

Abstract The nuclear envelope is a dynamic structure that completely disassembles in response to MPFcdc2 activity in mitosis. A key feature of this process is the hyper-phosphorylation of the major structural proteins of the envelope, the nuclear lamins A, B, and C. Two highly conserved serine residues of the lamin protein (Ser-22 and Ser-392 of lamins A and C) are symmetrically positioned 5 amino acids from the ends of the large α-helical domain and are shown in the accompanying paper by Ward and Kirschner to be among four sites phosphorylated during nuclear envelope breakdown. Mutations in Ser-22 and Ser-392 that prevent phosphorylation at these sites block the disassembly of the nuclear lamina during mitosis. We propose a model for the regulation of lamin assembly in which phosphorylation just outside the ends of the α-helical domain controls the assembly dynamics of the lamin coiled-coil dimers.
Microstructure Development in Yttrium Iron Garnet

Sintering and grain-growth rates were determined for yttrium iron garnet as a function of the yttrium/iron ratio. Rates decreased with an increase in this ratio; this behavior is interpreted as a result of the oxygen content variation through the garnet field. For constant sintering time, density and grain size, as well as microstructure-dependent properties, varied through the garnet field. Remanent magnetization and coercive force in particular depended on composition and sintering temperature. The rf field for nonlinear spin-wave excitation, hcrit, measured for dense samples with grain sizes from ∼4 to 30 μm, varied by a factor of four.
Effects of several pregnane and pregnene steroids on estrous behavior in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed guinea pigs.

Abstract The threshold doses of progesterone, corticosterone, 5α-pregnane-3,20-dione (pregnanedione), and 17 α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one required to facilitate sexual receptivity in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed guinea pigs were determined in order to test the hypotheses that: (1) effectiveness of steroids in facilitating sexual receptivity is inversely related to the polarity of the steroid molecule; and (2) progesterone must be reduced to pregnanedione, or some other 5α-reduced metabolite, in order to affect sexual receptivity. Both hypotheses were rejected. There was no correlation between the polarity of the steroids tested and their effectiveness in inducing lordosis. In addition, progesterone was far more effective than pregnanedione. The data also indicate that guinea pigs are more behaviorally responsive to progesterone than rats.
On the shock wave spectrum for isentropic gas dynamics with capillarity

Abstract We consider the stability problem for shock layers in Slemrod's model of an isentropic gas with capillarity. We show that these traveling waves are monotone in the weak capillarity case, and become highly oscillatory as the capillarity strength increases. Using a spectral energy estimate we prove that small-amplitude monotone shocks are spectrally stable. We also show that monotone shocks have no unstable real spectrum regardless of amplitude; this implies that any instabilities of these monotone traveling waves, if they exist, must occur through a Hopf-like bifurcation, where one or more conjugate pairs of eigenvalues cross the imaginary axis. We then conduct a systematic numerical Evans function study, which shows that monotone and mildly oscillatory profiles in an adiabatic gas are spectrally stable for moderate values of shock and capillarity strengths. In particular, we show that the transition from monotone to nonmonotone profiles does not appear to trigger any instabilities.
T Cell Stimulation In Vivo by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria causes polyclonal activation of B cells and stimulation of macrophages and other APC. We show here that, under in vivo conditions, LPS also induces strong stimulation of T cells. As manifested by CD69 upregulation, LPS injection stimulates both CD4 and CD8+ T cells, and, at high doses, stimulates naive (CD44lo) cells as well as memory (CD44hi) cells. However, in terms of cell division, the response of T cells after LPS injection is limited to the CD44hi subset of CD8+ cells. In contrast with B cells, proliferative responses of CD44hi CD8+ cells require only very low doses of LPS (10 ng). Based on studies with LPS-nonresponder and gene-knockout mice, LPS-induced proliferation of CD44hi CD8+ cells appears to operate via an indirect pathway involving LPS stimulation of APC and release of type I (α, β) interferon (IFN-I). Similar selective stimulation of CD44hi CD8+ cells occurs in viral infections and after injection of IFN-I, implying a common mechanism. Hence, intermittent exposure to pathogens (gram-negative bacteria and viruses) could contribute to the high background proliferation of memory–phenotype CD8+ cells found in normal animals.
Long-term complications of chemotherapy

Abstract Patients with cancer are living longer and, therefore, are not only at risk for recurrence of the disease but also for long-term side effects of treatment. For patients treated with chemotherapy, secondary malignancies are a special concern, with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia being the most common. Although typically associated with alkylating agents, this complication is now being seen with use of other drugs, such as etoposide. Premenopausal women treated with chemotherapy also may be at risk for premature menopause, although there does not appear to be an increased risk for fetal malformations when conception does occur after chemotherapy. Neurotoxicity is being seen more often owing to the widespread use of cisplatin and paclitaxel. Long-term pulmonary, cardiac, and renal toxicity may be seen with drugs not commonly associated with these complications as higher-dose chemotherapy is used more frequently. When an unusual illness occurs in a cancer survivor, the possibility that it may be because of prior treatment must be considered.
Nausea, Vomiting, and Weight Loss: Common Symptoms of an Uncommon Disease

Gastroe Question: A 36-year-old black woman with no significant past medical history presented with progressive nausea, vomiting, and weight loss for several months. She had no lymphadenopathy or hepatomegaly on physical examination. Laboratory tests showed hemoglobin of 11 g/dL and normal liver functions tests. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed diffuse erythematous, nodular, friable mucosa in the stomach and the antrum was not easily distended on insufflations (Figure A). The pylorus was narrowed but was easily traversed by the endoscope (Figure B). Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed thickening of the antral wall of the stomach but was otherwise unremarkable (Figure C, arrow). An upper gastrointestinal series confirmed a conical configuration and lack of distension throughout the gastric antrum with patulous pyloric channel (FigureD). Small bowel follow-throughshowednoevidenceof activeor chronic inflammatorydisease in the small intestine. What is your diagnosis? Look on page 574 for the answer and see the Gastroenterology web site (www.gastrojournal.org) for more information on submitting your favorite image to Clinical Challenges and Images in GI.
Urinary excretion of catecholamines by children with collagen diseases.

Abstract Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were assayed in the urine of 14 children with rheumatic fever, 4 with allergic purpura, and 2 with rheumatoid arthri- tis, all at the active phase of the disease. In these patients the urinary excretion of these compounds was 1 3 to 1 2 of that in 21 control children. The lower urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites, and the higher excretion of Dopa and phenolic acids (especially the Dopa derivatives vanil- pyruvate and vanillactate) by these patients, suggests a deviation of tyrosine meta- bolism at the level of Dopa synthesis in collagen diseases.
The problem of confounding social support and depressive symptoms: A brief report on a college sample

The problem of confounding social support and depressive symptoms was addressed by examining the convergent and discriminant validity of interview and questionnaire measures of social support and depression using the multitrait-multimethod matrix approach. Participants were 40 late-adolescent college students with half the sample selected on the basis of mild to moderate scores on self-reported depressive symptoms. Measures of depression displayed excellent convergent and discriminant validity, and measures of objective features of social networks were found to have moderate convergent and discriminant validity. However, the subjective measures of satisfaction with social support used were found to have neither adequate convergent nor discriminant validity. Implications for the conceptualization and assessment of social support are highlighted.
Fatty acid-mediated activation of vascular endothelial cells

Vascular endothelial cell activation and dysfunction are critical early events in atherosclerosis. Selected dietary lipids (eg, fatty acids) may be atherogenic by activating endothelial cells and by potentiating an inflammatory response. Due to their prooxidant property, unsaturated fatty acids may play a critical role in endothelial cell activation and injury. To test this hypothesis, porcine endothelial cells were exposed to 18-carbon fatty acids differing in the degree of unsaturation, ie, 90 micromol/L stearic (18:0), oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), or linolenic acid (18:3n-3) for 6 to 24 hours and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha ([TNF-alpha] 500 U/L) for up to 3 hours. Compared with control cultures, treatment with 18:0 and 18:2 decreased glutathione levels, suggesting an increase in cellular oxidative stress. Both 18:2 and 18:0 activated the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) the most and 18:1 the least. This NF-kappaB-dependent transcription was confirmed in endothelial cells by luciferase reporter gene assay. The fatty acid-mediated activation of NF-kappaB was blocked by preenrichment of the cultures with 25 micromol/L vitamin E. All fatty acids except 18:1 and 18:3 increased transendothelial albumin transfer, and 18:2 caused the most marked disruption of endothelial integrity. Preenrichment of endothelial cells with 18:2 followed by exposure to TNF-alpha resulted in a 100% increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) production compared with TNF-alpha exposure alone. In contrast, cellular preenrichment with 18:0, 18:1, or 18:3 had no effect on TNF-alpha-mediated production of IL-6. Cellular release of radiolabeled arachidonic acid (20:4) was markedly increased only by cell exposure to 18:2 and 18:3, and the release of 20:4 appeared to be mainly from the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction. These data suggest that oleic acid does not activate endothelial cells. Furthermore, linoleic acid and other omega-6 fatty acids appear to be the most proinflammatory and possibly atherogenic fatty acids.
Site fidelity and territorial movements of males in a rapidly declining population of yellow-headed blackbirds

We tested several hypotheses to explain low between-year territory fidelity in a breeding population of yellow-headed blackbirds (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus). During a 5-year study the population of territorial males declined by two-thirds and some of the marshes that supported territories significantly deteriorated. Individual males held territories and bred for an average of 1.9 years. Of males that bred for at least 2 years, 30% skipped owning a territory in the study area during at least 1 year of their breeding lifetimes. Our information suggests that they may have bred outside of the area in those years. Of males with territories in two or more breeding seasons, 60% changed breeding marshes at least once. Males changed territories during 42.9% of between-year opportunities to do so. We found no support for the hypotheses that male yellow-headed blackbirds: (1) are more likely to move when territory density is low; (2) are likely to abandon territories that are deteriorating; or (3) change territories to improve their reproductive success. We suggest three non-mutually exclusive explanations for the yellow-headed blackbird's weak site fidelity: (1) it is a response to habitat deterioration and to other factors that may be causing the population's decline; (2) the males, being migratory, make fresh settlement decisions each year after they arrive on the breeding grounds in the general vicinity of their previous year's breeding; (3) yellow-headed blackbirds may have evolved in, and be adapted to, highly unstable habitats, moving frequently in response to changes in local breeding site conditions.
S-laminin expression in adult and developing retinae: A potential cue for photoreceptor morphogenesis

The development of the neural retina follows a stereotyped time course that begins with an undifferentiated neuroepithelium populated by multipotential progenitor cells and ends with a highly differentiated tissue containing diverse cell types. The identities of the factors that guide this differentiation have remained elusive; a likely location for such factors, however, is the extracellular environment. Here, we show that the extracellular matrix component s-laminin is present in the neural retina, that s-laminin expression parallels the differentiation of rod photoreceptors, that photoreceptors interact with s-laminin in vitro, and that antibodies to s-laminin profoundly reduce the appearance of cells that express rhodopsin in vitro. These data suggest that s-laminin plays a role in the differentiation of the neural retina and provide evidence that the composition of the extracellular matrix may be an important determinant of retinal differentiation.