cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In situ identification of paper chromatogram spots by surface enhanced Raman scattering

On montre que des hydrosols colloidaux d'argent activent la diffusion Raman des taches chromatographiques sur papier. Trois colorants (violet cristallise, vert malachite et fuchsine basique) separes par chromatographie sur papier sont detectes et identifies directement avec un laser d'ion argon
Monoclonal antibodies recognizing determinants specific for the promastigote stage of Leishmania mexicana

Two monoclonal antibodies (IX-IF9-D8 and IX-5H9-CI) produced to a membrane enriched fraction of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis promastigotes have been demonstrated to be specific for the promastigote (insect) form and not the amastigote (mammalian host) form of the parasite. The antigens recognized by these monoclonal antibodies are not found on amastigotes isolated from infected animals or on amastigotes isolated from a macrophage cell line J774 infected initially with promastigotes. The antigens are not re-expressed by amastigotes cultured at 34°C; however, amastigotes cultured at 24°C that have begun transformation into promastigotes do express these antigens. The level of expression of these antigens in cultures of amastigotes undergoing transformation into promastigotes, increases with time from 16 to 36 h and appears to correlate with the percentage of promastigotes. Two protein molecules with apparent molecular weights of 40 000 and 92 000 have been identified by radioimmune precipitation as associated with L. mexicana promastigote stage specific determinants.
PDFs of Tropical Tropospheric Humidity: Measurements and Theory

The spatial variations in the probability density functions (PDFs) of relative humidity (RH) in the tropical and subtropical troposphere are examined using observations from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instruments together with a simple statistical model. The model, a generalization of that proposed by Sherwood et al., assumes the RH is determined by a combination of drying by uniform subsidence and random moistening events and has two parameters: r, the ratio of the drying time by subsidence to the time between moistening events, and k, a measure of the variability of the moistening events. The observations show that the characteristics of the PDFs vary between the tropics and subtropics, within the tropics or subtropics, and with altitude. The model fits the observed PDFs well, and the model parameters concisely characterize variations in the PDFs and provide information on the processes controlling the RH distributions. In tropical convective regions, the model PDFs that match the observations have large r and small k, indicating rapid random remoistening, which is consistent with direct remoistening in convection. In contrast, in the nonconvective regions there are small r and large k, indicating slower, less random remoistening, consistent with remoistening by slower, quasi-horizontal transport. The statistical model derived will be useful for quantifying differences between, or temporal changes in, RH distributions from different datasets or models, and for examining how changes in physical processes could alter the RH distribution.
Acute Ethanol Administration Causes Transient Impairment of Blue‐Yellow Color Vision

The higher incidence of blue-yellow color blindness (tritanopia) found among alcoholics could be due to genetic or acquired factors. The acute administration of ethanol to alcoholics and normal subjects transiently resulted in poorer color discrimination in all spectra but with significantly more errors in the blue-yellow versus the red-green color range (p < 0.005, p < 0.01). Thus, ethanol appears to act as a toxin to inner retinal layers, which could account for the higher incidence of tritanopia found among alcoholics.
Aftermath: Feminism and the Militarization of Women's Lives

The following dialogue between Eli PaintedCrow, Cynthia Enloe and Setsu Shigematsu represents one of the conversations generated by the 2006 Feminism and War conference at Syracuse University in Ne...
Retrospective learning of spatial invariants during object classification by embodied autonomous neural agents

This paper presents a new semi-supervised neural architecture that learns to classify objects at a distance through experience. It utilizes Fuzzy LAPART extended with two temporal integrator subnetworks to create time-stamped perceptual memory codes in an unsupervised manner during object approach, and to retrospectively learn class code inferences at contact. Fuzzy LAPART, Temporal Integrators and the integrated architecture are presented. Next, the agent-based modeling and neural simulator tools used to model this architecture are described. Finally, a study is presented that illustrates the learning performance of this architecture embodied in a simple simulated agent moving in a 2D environment.
A hermeneutic perspective on dialogical psychology

Leiman is surely right that Bakhtin's dialogism is of immense importance for psychotherapy research and psychology in general. Here I argue that Bakhtin's ideas represent an attractive third altern...
Evidence for role of cytosolic free calcium in hypoxia-induced proximal tubule injury.

Abstract The role of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in hypoxic injury was investigated in rat proximal tubules. [Ca2+]i was measured using fura-2 and cell injury was estimated with propidium iodide (PI) in individual tubules using video imaging fluorescence microscopy. [Ca2+]i increased from approximately 170 to approximately 390 nM during 5 min of hypoxia. This increase preceded detectable cell injury as assessed by PI and was reversible with reoxygenation. 1,2-Bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA; 100 microM) reduced [Ca2+]i under basal conditions (approximately 80 nM) and during hypoxia (approximately 120 nM) and significantly attenuated hypoxic injury. When [Ca2+]i and hypoxic cell injury were studied concurrently in the same individual tubules, the 10 min [Ca2+]i rise correlated significantly with subsequent cell damage observed at 20 min. 2 mM glycine did not block the rise in [Ca2+]i, yet protected the tubules from hypoxic injury. These results indicate that in rat proximal tubules, hypoxia induces an increase of [Ca2+]i which occurs before cell damage. The protective effect of BAPTA supports a role for [Ca2+]i in the initiation of hypoxic proximal tubule injury. The glycine results, however, implicate calcium-independent mechanisms of injury and/or blockade of calcium-mediated processes of injury such as activation of phospholipases or proteases.
Climate Drift in a Multicentury Integration of the NCAR Climate System Model

Abstract The National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Climate System Model is a comprehensive model of the physical climate system. A 300-yr integration of the model has been carried out without flux correction. The solution shows very little drift in the surface temperature distribution, sea-ice extent, or atmospheric circulation. The lack of drift in the surface climate is attributed to relatively good agreement in the estimates of meridional heat transport in the uncoupled ocean model and that implied by the uncoupled atmospheric model. On the other hand, there is significant drift in the temperature and salinity distributions of the deep ocean. The ocean loses heat at an area-averaged rate of 0.35 W m−2, the upper ocean becomes fresher, and the deep ocean becomes colder and saltier than in the uncoupled ocean model equilibrium or in observations. The cause of this drift is an unreasonably large meridional transport of freshwater in the sea ice model, resulting in the production of excessively cold a...
Three‐dimensional massively parallel electromagnetic inversion—I. Theory

Summary An iterative solution to the non-linear 3-D electromagnetic inverse problem is obtained by successive linearized model updates using the method of conjugate gradients. Full wave equation modelling for controlled sources is employed to compute model sensitivities and predicted data in the frequency domain with an efficient 3-D finite-difference algorithm. Necessity dictates that the inverse be underdetermined, since realistic reconstructions require the solution for tens of thousands of parameters. In addition, large-scale 3-D forward modelling is required and this can easily involve the solution of over several million electric field unknowns per solve. A massively parallel computing platform has therefore been utilized to obtain reasonable execution times, and results are given for the 1840-node Intel Paragon. The solution is demonstrated with a synthetic example with added Gaussian noise, where the data were produced from an integral equation forward-modelling code, and is different from the finite difference code embedded in the inversion algorithm
Non-bioabsorbable vs. bioabsorbable membrane: assessment of their clinical efficacy in guided tissue regeneration technique. A systematic review

In a 1998 review article, Laurell and colleagues performed a meta-analysis of relevant guided tissue regeneration (GTR) articles over the previous 20 years (1). The purpose of the present research was to expand on that work, particularly searching for trends discriminating between bioabsorbable and non-bioabsorbable barriers, as well as the use of enamel matrix derivative, with respect to interproximal bony defects. The most recent periodontal journals were reviewed and a search of PubMed (National Institutes of Health) was conducted via the internet covering 1990 to the present. Forty-nine articles were found to be relevant and within established parameters. The data were analyzed using (a) a variation of the methods described in Laurell et al. (1) and (b) statistics appropriate for inter-group comparisons. In most respects, all membranes and enamel matrix derivative (EMD) delivered better outcomes, in the range of 1 to 2 mm, than open flap debridement. The use of any barrier type or EMD configuration was found to yield more Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) gain than any open flap configuration. Other than collagen without grafts versus non-bioabsorbables without grafts, no other comparison between membranes or between membranes and EMD found any significant differences (P > 0.05). GTR was confirmed to be superior to open flap debridement.
Integration of heterogeneous small test beds for emulating large-scale smart power grids the emphasis on cyber architectures

This paper proposes a data-driven model-based computer platform to support modular integration of: 1) various hardware test beds enabled with “smarts” currently under development by the electric power industry; together with 2) the virtual software test beds simulating other parts of the real-world power systems. The ultimate goal is to emulate real-world electric energy systems and the dependence of their performance on embedded smarts. The architecture used for this is based on our Dynamic Monitoring and Decisions Systems (DYMONDS) framework. This framework utilizes physics-based multi-layered structure of: 1) internal models representing (groups of) power grid sub-components; and 2) interactions of these interconnected sub-components within a large-scale power grid. Using this structure it becomes possible to define minimal information exchange cyber protocols between the sub-systems so that their sub-objectives align with the objectives of the interconnected system, and therefore, make the system as a whole sustainable. In this paper we extend this multi-layered structure to define principles for coordinating interactions of heterogeneous modular test beds within a multi-test bed computer platform.
Solid-State Array Detectors for Analytical Spectrometry

Solid-state array detectors are revolutionizing the ® eld of atomic and molecular spectroscopy.1,2 They enable the analyst to acquire vast amounts of spectrally and/or spatially resolved data in short periods of time. These detectors offer high quantum ef® ciency, low read noise, wide dynamic range, low power requirements, and rugged, but compact, packaging. In addition, as solid-state technology improves at a rapid rate, the cost of these detectors is continuously decreasing, while exibility in design is increasing. As a result, a wide variety of arrays are currently commercially available, with even more on the horizon. The purpose of this article is, ® rst, to provide the reader with an introduction to the variety and the nature of solidstate array detectors and, second, to show how the design of complementary detectors and dispersion optics provides increased analytical capabilities. This article is not intended to be a comprehensive survey. The instruments chosen as examples were selected to illustrate the impact of solid-state array detectors on spectrometry.
Optimality of integrated process networks

We introduce a new framework for distributed control and optimization of complex networks. Conservation laws for extensive quantities and the second law of thermodynamics lead to conditions for stability and optimality of the network. We derive a general way of describing interconnections in networks through matrix representations that capture a network's topology using basic principles from electrical engineering methodologies. This shows how the dynamics of independent entities in a network define the objective function of the optimization problem that is simultaneously solved. A generalized version of Tellegen's theorem from electrical circuit theory plays a central role in developing the objective function of the regarded dynamic networks. These results indicate that we can solve optimization problems using dynamical systems, and how the objective function depends on the choice of feedback control and strategies. Examples are presented to illustrate these principles for different types of network connections, both for transient and stationary conditions. We apply the introduced theory to business systems integrated into larger logistic systems.
A Molecular Orbital Model of Melting and Glass Formation

SCF-Xa-SW calculations have been performed on the glass forming crystal of Ni2B. The resulting molecular orbital topology near the fermi level is similar to that previously obtained by SCF-Xa-SW calculation on the glass forming crystals of Pd-Si and Cu-Zr. These similarties, it is conjectured, indicate melting is an electronically driven phase transition and that liquid and glass structures are more the result of electronic than kinetic factors. It is shown that the molecular orbital model of melting in transition metals will generate structures similar to those resulting from the dense random packing of hard spheres method, and the molecualr orbital mechanism admits, in a qualitative way, the explanation of a broad range of liquid and glass properties.
Changes in uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha and luteal secretion of progesterone in response to oxytocin during the porcine estrous cycle.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine whether the ability of oxytocin to stimulate uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and luteal secretion of progesterone changes during the porcine estrous cycle. Nineteen multiparous sows were observed for estrus. After one estrous cycle of normal length, sows were assigned randomly to receive an injection of oxytocin (30 IU, i.v.) in the EARLY (Days 4-6; n = 6), MID (Days 9-11; n = 7), or LATE (Day 15; n = 6) stage of the estrous cycle. Concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) and progesterone were determined in jugular venous serum samples collected at -60, -45, -30, -15, 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after injection of oxytocin. The magnitudes of the PGFM and progesterone responses and the area under the respective response curves (AUC) were calculated for each sow. Concentrations of PGFM did not change in response to oxytocin administered during the EARLY or MID portions of the estrous cycle. Concentrations increased rapidly in 4 of 6 sows that received oxytocin LATE in the estrous cycle. Both magnitude and AUC were greater LATE in the estrous cycle than at either EARLY or MID cycle (p less than 0.05). Thus, uterine secretory responsiveness to oxytocin develops between Days 11 and 15 postestrus in the sow. For progesterone, a transient increase was observed immediately following injection of oxytocin at MID cycle (p less than 0.05), but not at the other times examined. Therefore, oxytocin appears to be capable of stimulating secretion of progesterone from the functionally mature corpus luteum.
CUDA-Accelerated HD-ODETLAP: Lossy High Dimensional Gridded Data Compression

We present High-dimensional Overdetermined Laplacian Partial Differential Equations (HD-ODETLAP), an algorithm and implementation for lossy compression of high-dimensional arrays of data. HD-ODETLAP exploits autocorrelations in the data in any dimension. It also adapts to regions in the data with varying value ranges, resulting in the maximum error being closer to the RMS error. HD-ODETLAP compresses a data array by iteratively selecting a representative set of points from the array. That set of points, efficiently coded, is the compressed dataset. The compressed dataset is uncompressed by solving an overdetermined sparse system of linear equations for an approximation to the original array. HD-ODETLAP uses NVIDIA CUDA called from MATLAB to exploit GPU parallel processing to achieve considerable speedup compared to execution on a CPU. In addition, HD-ODETLAP compresses much better than JPEG2000 and 3D-SPIHT, when fixing either the average or the maximum error. An application is to facilitate storage and transmission of voluminous datasets for better climatological and environmental analysis and prediction.
Association between EMS calls and fine particulate air pollution in Utah

Multiple studies have noted an association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Our goal was to investigate the potential relationship between fine particulate air pollution and emergency medical services (EMS) calls with a particular focus on cardiovascular and respiratory complaints. Utilizing a database of 911 emergency calls from the National EMS Information System, we analyzed 322,097 eligible EMS encounters in Utah over a 4-year period. We evaluated the relationship between the health emergency, as noted by the EMS provider’s primary impression, and short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5-μm cut point (PM2.5)), as recorded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Quality System (AQS). Using a case crossover design and conditional logistic regression, we analyzed the association between health emergencies and PM2.5 concentrations over varying time exposures. At the 95 % confidence level, we found significant associations only between pollution exposure and EMS calls for diabetic symptoms (using pollution from the concurrent day) and syncope/fainting (using pollution from the concurrent day and from 2- to 5-day lagged moving averages). We found no other significant positive associations between health emergencies and PM2.5 concentration. In particular, we noted no association between daily PM2.5 concentration and EMS calls for cardiac arrest, chest pain, or respiratory distress. We found limited association between ambient air pollution and health emergencies, as classified by the EMS provider’s impression. We noted no association with primary cardiovascular or respiratory complaints.
The Influence of Non-Traditional Composite Laminates on Open-Hole Tension Strength

Composite materials are commonly used in applications with a need for increased strength or reduced weight. The composite structure is often attached using mechanical fasteners, even in cases where adhesive bonding is prevalent. The strength of the composite is typically reduced by large factors in the presence of these stress risers. The following considers the sensitivity of non-traditional layups to stress concentrations in the form of open-hole tension. The effects are described numerically and experimentally using finite element analysis and spatial strain measurements, respectively. Improvements in strength exceeding 10% from this preliminary exercise suggest that tailoring fiber orientations may have potential to minimize the effect of stress concentrations. Consideration of the strain field in the vicinity of the hole showed evidence of damage evolution within approximately 25% UTS for many of the laminates. The maximum strain failure criterion was able to describe the onset of damage or yield for the laminates considered here.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Stone Throwing in the Glass House.

A small girl with a unique genetic syndrome lies in bed since birth. Her brain does not work. She is in a persistent vegetative state. Recurrent seizures punctuate her intractable epilepsy. She shows no meaningful interaction. Her breathing is insufficient. Upper airway obstruction, repeated aspiration events, chronic lung disease, and scoliosis make her struggle to breathe. Her parents never wanted her to suffer. Two years ago, they agreed to a Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST). Their daughter would not undergo resuscitation. Death did not come, however. With meticulous medical care, her body grew. Her breathing worsened. Offered either palliation or a tracheostomy tube, her parents chose “trach.” With easier breathing, the girl expended fewer calories. She continued gastrostomy tube feeds and gained 10 pounds in 3 months. Now she is rehospitalized with respiratory distress. Her weight rises another 2 pounds. We put off calorie reduction for the outpatient setting. For the first time, we discharge the family home with a mechanical ventilator. Our collective health-care efforts have set up a protracted course whose likely end will come in overwhelming sepsis or ARDS, rather than allowing natural death with palliative care. How many ethical issues were raised by this case? I count more than 40 (Table ​(Table11).
Electroresponsive nanoparticles for drug delivery on demand

The potential of electroresponsive conducting polymer nanoparticles to be used as general drug delivery systems that allow electrically pulsed, linearly scalable, and on demand release of incorporated drugs is demonstrated. As examples, facile release from polypyrrole nanoparticles is shown for fluorescein, a highly water-soluble model compound, piroxicam, a lipophilic small molecule drug, and insulin, a large hydrophilic peptide hormone. The drug loading is about 13 wt% and release is accomplished in a few seconds by applying a weak constant current or voltage. To identify the parameters that should be finely tuned to tailor the carrier system for the release of the therapeutic molecule of interest, a systematic study of the factors that affect drug delivery is performed, using fluorescein as a model compound. The parameters studied include current, time, voltage, pH, temperature, particle concentration, and ionic strength. Results indicate that there are several degrees of freedom that can be optimized for efficient drug delivery. The ability to modulate linearly drug release from conducting polymers with the applied stimulus can be utilized to design programmable and minimally invasive drug delivery devices.
‘Don’t discriminate against minority nationalities’: practicing Tibetan ethnicity on social media

Through an analysis of popular posts Tibetans shared over the social media application WeChat in 2013 and 2014 and offline discussions about them, this paper shows how Tibetans living in and traveling through Xining City practiced and performed their ethnic identity in the face of perceived harassment. Through their viral posts, they created a cyber-community that contributed to Tibetan ethnic group formation when Tibetans interpreted their ethnic identity as the basis for unjust treatment by the Chinese state and private Han individuals. In online posts the Han are portrayed as harassing Tibetans after terror attacks across China, violating minzu rights, denigrating Tibetan culture and territory, and denying Tibetans equal footing as modern compatriots. Social media are changing the ‘representational politics’ of Tibetan ethnicity, altering participation in the representation of the Tibetan ethnic group. Still, online discourse remains subject to constraints; private offline discussions remain important ...
Molecular Properties of Lactobacillus Bacteriocins

Among the members of lactic acid bacteria, the lactobacilli represent the most diverse genus. Individual species are ubiquitous in the environment while still occupying a multitude of specialized ecological niches. These include fermenting vegetables, meat, cereals, dairy products, and the intestinal tract of man and animals. Their metabolic capabilities and physiological characteristics are equally diverse and proper classification of many strains has occurred only recently following the development of more sophisticated biochemical and genomic classification systems. These bacteria derive their energy via either homo- or heterofermentative catabolism of carbohydrates in nutritionally complex environments. As the major end product of their metabolism, organic acids function directly as antagonists (Kashet, 1987) and lower the pH of the environment. Since lactobacilli are often more acid-tolerant than other competing bacteria, including other lactic acid bacteria, acidification of the environment promotes their ability to compete within and ultimately dominate fermenting ecosystems. In addition, the lactobacilli produce a variety of chemical and proteinaceous antimicrobials. These include hydrogen peroxide, various illcharacterized compounds (Vincent et al., 1959; Hamdan & Mikolajcik, 1974; Silva et al., 1987), antimicrobials (Talarico & Dobrogosz, 1989), and most notably, bacteriocins (Klaenhammer, 1988, 1990).
Abstract 3811: The mechanobiome of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a new, targetable drug space

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality, with 37,000 people dying annually in the US. Existing strategies for treating cancer primarily mainly focus on inhibiting cell growth through specific genetic pathways, which typically either fail to completely abolish the disease or which lead to compensatory regulatory changes, and hence, drug resistance. Targeting cell mechanics remains an under-used approach for drug development. The direct driver of cell shape change events intrinsic to cellular functions, such migration and invasion, is the mechanobiome - a collection of cytoskeletal proteins which are the final determinants of a cell9s mechanical attributes and which lie downstream of KRAS and other regulatory molecules. Targeting, and ultimately, inhibiting these processes is less likely to be subject to compensatory regulation by cancer cells. We determined via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry of patient-derived samples that key players involved in mechanosensation-myosin IIA, IIC, α-actin-4, and filamin B -show increased expression in cancerous ductal epithelial over normal tissue, while non-mechanosensory, or variable mechanosensory, paralogs (myosin IIB, α-actin-1, and filamin A) show decreased expression. This upregulation of highly mechanosensory proteins has initiated an investigation into the necessity and sufficiency of the myosin II paralogs in PDAC metastasis through overexpression and knockdown of expression, coupled with mechanical assays. In addition to resolving the mechanobiome of PDAC, we have previously shown that targeting of myosin IIC by 4-hydroxyacetophenone affects PDAC mechanics. We are testing the in vivo efficacy of 4-HAP by conducting a murine multi-arm study of metastatically human derived pancreatic cancer cells. Preliminary results suggest a protective effect against the metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells among mice treated with 4-HAP every other day. Citation Format: Alexandra Surcel, Qingfeng Zhu, Eric Schiffhauer, Robert A. Anders, Douglas N. Robinson. The mechanobiome of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a new, targetable drug space. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3811.
Sexual Harassment: A Multidisciplinary Synthesis and Critique

The two seemingly incompatible concepts of sex and work have created serious implications for employees and organizations. Sexual harassment is a pervasive organizational phenomenon that continues to plague individual employees, organizations, and society. The dynamic and pervasive qualities of sexual harassment have captured the attention of researchers from a variety of disciplines, who have approached the task of identifying, describing, explaining, and predicting from competing explanations or research perspectives. This essay reviews the findings and positions of researchers in communication, counseling, law, management, psychology, sociology, and women’s studies. Five types of works emerged in the literature selected for this review: reports of the results of surveys documenting the phenomenon of sexual harassment in the workplace; traditional social science examinations— quasi-experimental, laboratory, and field studies—of sexual harassment issues; research reports using discursive methods of narra...
Discharges Against Medical Advice at a County Hospital: Provider Perceptions and Practice.

Background Patients discharged against medical advice (AMA) have higher rates of readmission and mortality than patients who are conventionally discharged. Bioethicists have proposed best practice approaches for AMA discharges, but studies have revealed that some providers have misconceptions about their roles in these discharges. Objective This study assessed patient characteristics and provider practices for AMA discharges at a county hospital and provider perceptions and knowledge about AMA discharges. Design This mixed-methods cross-sectional study involved chart abstraction and survey administration. Participants Charts were reviewed for all AMA discharges (n = 319) at a county hospital in 2014. Surveys were completed by 178 healthcare providers at the hospital. Results Of 12,036 admissions, 319 (2.7%) ended with an AMA discharge. Compared with conventionally discharged patients, patients who left AMA were more likely to be young, male, and homeless and less likely to be Spanish-speaking. Of the AMA patients, 29.6% had capacity documented, 21.4% had medications prescribed, and 25.7% had follow-up arranged. Of patients readmitted within 6 months after AMA, 23.5% left AMA again at the next visit. Attending physicians and trainee physicians were more likely than nurses to say that AMA patients should receive medications and follow-up (94% and 84% vs 64%; P Conclusions Although providers overall felt comfortable determining capacity and discussing AMA discharges, they rarely documented these discussions. Nurses and physicians differed in their thinking regarding whether to arrange follow-up for patients leaving AMA, and in practice arrangements were seldom made. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2017;12:11-17.
Peer Influence Via Instagram: Effects on Brain and Behavior in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.

Mobile social media often feature the ability to “Like” content posted by others. This study examined the effect of Likes on youths' neural and behavioral responses to photographs. High school and college students (N = 61, ages 13–21) viewed theirs and others' Instagram photographs while undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Participants more often Liked photographs that appeared to have received many (vs. few) Likes. Popular photographs elicited greater activity in multiple brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a hub of the brain's reward circuitry. NAcc responsivity increased with age for high school but not college students. When viewing images depicting risk-taking (vs. nonrisky photographs), high school students, but not college students, showed decreased activation of neural regions implicated in cognitive control.
The need for safe spaces: Exploring the experiences of homeless LGBTQ youth in shelters

Abstract Studies indicate LGBTQ youth are at higher risk of homelessness (2–13 times) than their heterosexual cisgender counterparts and that they represent a substantial portion of youth utilizing housing and shelter services. Some authors have provided anecdotal (rather than empirical) examples of LGBTQ youth experiencing abuse or mistreatment in shelters; most studies focusing on LGBTQ homeless youth have been conducted in large cities and have rarely collected data from both youth and providers. Using an exploratory, grounded theory approach, this study utilized data from interviews with LGBTQ youth with a history of homelessness as well as service providers working with this population in a mid-sized Northeastern city. Findings suggest youth experience multiple challenges, barriers, and mistreatment in the shelters; further, data suggests several ideas about how to transform shelters to better meet the needs of LGBTQ youth.
Facilitation of olfactory detection

Olfactory sensitivity to n-aliphatic alcohols was determined by use of a yes-no signal detection procedure. The values of d’ for these compounds indicated higher sensitivity and less variability than has been shown previously by classical threshold methods. Self- and cross-adaptation studies demonstrated the usual decrement in sensitivity to one stimulus, following exposure to another stimulus, and in addition, cross-facilitation with certain stimulus pairings. The facilitating effects of one odorant upon the detection of another may be related to the differences in water solubilities of the odorants.
Involving a real patient in the design and implementation of case-based learning to engage learners

Real patients offer unique opportunities to develop authentic, engaging, and transformative learning experiences for students. Patients are widely employed to teach clinical and interpersonal skill...
A Column-Row-Parallel Ultrasound Imaging Architecture for 3-D Plane-Wave Imaging and Tx Second-Order Harmonic Distortion Reduction

We propose a column-row-parallel imaging front-end architecture for integrated and low-power 3-D medical ultrasound imaging. The column-row-parallel architecture offers linear-scaling interconnection, acquisition, and programming time with row-by-row or column-by-column operations, while supporting volumetric imaging functionality and fault-tolerance against possible transducer element defects with per-element controls. The combination of column-parallel selection logic, row-parallel selection logic, and per-element selection logic reaches a balance between flexible imaging aperture definition and manageable imaging data/control interface to a 2-D array. A $16\times 16$ capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT)-application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) column-row-parallel prototype is fabricated and assembled with a flip-chip bonding process. It facilitates the 3-D plane-wave coherent compounding algorithm for volumetric imaging with a fast frame rate of 62.5 Hz and 46% improved lateral resolution with 10-angle compounding and a field of view volume of 2.3 mm in both azimuth and elevation, 8.5 mm in depth. At a hypothetically scaled up $64\times 64$ array size, the frame rate can still be kept at 31.2 Hz for a volume of 40 mm in both azimuth and elevation, 150 mm in depth. An interleaved checkerboard pattern with in-phase ( $I$ ) and quadrature ( $Q$ ) excitations is also demonstrated for reducing CMUT second-harmonic distortion emission by up to 25 dB at the loss of 3-dB fundamental energy reduction. The method reduces nonlinear effects from both transducers and circuits and is a wide band technique that is applicable to arbitrary pulse shapes.
A PATIENT CONSIDERED FOR LIVER TRANSPLANTATION TREATED WITH MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT

Cardiogenic shock can lead to dysfunction of multiple organ systems. Signs and symptoms from secondary organ dysfunction can mask the primary role of cardiac dysfunction. A 59 year-old man with a history of coronary artery disease presented with several days of progressive abdominal pain and
Metal-Free Aqueous Flow Battery with Novel Ultrafiltered Lignin as Electrolyte

As the number of generation sources from intermittent renewable technologies on the electric grid increases, the need for large-scale energy storage devices is becoming essential to ensure grid stability. Flow batteries offer numerous advantages over conventional sealed batteries for grid storage. In this work, for the first time, we investigated lignin, the second most abundant wood derived biopolymer, as an anolyte for the aqueous flow battery. Lignosulfonate, a water-soluble derivative of lignin, is environmentally benign, low cost and abundant as it is obtained from the byproduct of paper and biofuel manufacturing. The lignosulfonate utilizes the redox chemistry of quinone to store energy and undergoes a reversible redox reaction. Here, we paired lignosulfonate with Br2/Br–, and the full cell runs efficiently with high power density. Also, the large and complex molecular structure of lignin considerably reduces the electrolytic crossover, which ensures very high capacity retention. The flowcell was ab...
A DANISH SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY DATA BASE FOR HEATING SYSTEM DESIGN

ABSTRACT Successful design of solar heating systems is readily achieved if the designer has access to representative weather data and tested performance algorithms. This paper describes how updated solar radiation data have been provided via a public database system in Denmark. This work was carried out in cooperation with VE-data at Alborg University and with the support of the Danish National Council of Technology (Teknologiradet). The product of this work is Solar Energy Program Package (SEPP) for IBM PC compatible computers. The Package provides a tool based on the f-chart method1 for use in the design and evaluation of solar water heating systems and solar space/hot water heating systems. A program for the economic evaluation of solar energy heating system is also supplied.
Carrier Mobility Influenced by Larger Defects

Carrier mobility influenced by larger defects, such as dislocations, defect clusters; microcrystalline boundaries, external surfaces, metal/semiconductor boundaries, are all discussed quantitatively in this chapter.
Solar radiation at the Earth's surface: Its calculation and inference from satellite imagery

Physical and empirical models for calculation of insolation on a horizontal surface are described. Calculation of the spectral components of insolation and the calculation of the integrated values using wavelength-averaged values, ignoring aerosol effects, are discussed. Empirical models for determining insolation from meteorological data under clear and cloudy skies are described. The influence of hourly and daily global solar radiation from GOES satellite images is illustrated. Data acquisition methods for the Great Plains experiment, the determination of cloud free brightness levels, and determination of cloud parameters and target brightness are considered. The use of two and seven satellite images per day resulted in insolation determinations having a standard error of less then 10% of the mean. Use of only one image per day resulted in a standard error of about 20% of the mean.
Distribution of the Invasive Redbay Ambrosia Beetle Xyleborus glabratus In Southeastern Texas

Xyleborus glabratus is an invasive, small, ambrosia beetle that has been present in the United States since 2002. It is a known to live in Lauraceae plants and is a vector of the fungal plant disease, laurel wilt, Raffaelea lauricola. In 2015, the United States Forest Service discovered X. glabratus and laurel wilt in Texas; its presence in Texas made this species a priority target for our exotic woodboring beetle survey in 2016. This survey documents the spread of X. glabratus across southeast Texas and reports its presence in three new Texas counties (Anderson, Grimes, and Jefferson).
Demonstration of Indoor Location Privacy Enforcement using Obfuscation

Abstract We apply discrete-event-control-theoretic techniques for opacity enforcement by insertion or deletion of output events to the problem of location privacy enforcement in an indoor environment where users are continuously monitored by IoT devices. We design an obfuscator of user trajectories in a grid model with obstacles. The obfuscator must preserve a secret (e.g., visits to secret cells of the grid), while at the same time enforce feasibility and utility constraints for obfuscated trajectories. We implement the obfuscator to map the true location of the user to an obfuscated location, in real time, using services provided by a data server called the Global Data Plane which records sensor readings from IoT devices and publishes them to subscribers. We explain how scalability of obfuscator synthesis (off-line) and instantiation (online) is achieved. We demonstrate the approach on a grid with over 1,500 cells modeling the first floor of a university building, where location estimation is achieved using the ALPS Acoustic Location Processing System.
Biomass loss and change in species dominance shift stream community excretion stoichiometry during severe drought

Animals contribute significantly to nutrient cycling through excretion, but most studies consider their effects under relatively benign abiotic conditions. Disturbances such as drought may alter animals’ nutrient contributions through shifts in species composition and biomass. Headwater streams are particularly vulnerable to extreme climate events and thus might show rapid changes in stream biota and their ecosystem effects. We tested how biomass and subsequent ecosystem effects (nutrient cycling) of an intermittent prairie stream community changed during a drought. We quantified the biomass and contributions to nutrient cycling for assemblages comprising fishes, crayfish, and tadpoles in 12 isolated pools over 3 months encompassing the harshest drought on record for Kings Creek, KS, U.S.A. We predicted that macroconsumer biomass would decline with pool surface area and that differences in macroconsumer biomass and taxonomic composition would lead to different contributions of pool assemblages to nutrient cycling. The biomass of pool assemblages declined with decreasing pool size, a pattern apparently driven by mortality, emigration, or metamorphosis. We also observed a change in assemblage structure of drying pools during drought relative to pool size, shifting dominance toward species with more drought‐resistant traits. Accordingly, assemblage nitrogen (N) excretion rates declined as pool biomass was reduced, leading to a 58% reduction in N available to epilithic biofilms. Phosphorus (P) excretion rates declined from June to July, but increased in August, as species with high P excretion rates maintained similar proportional biomass and biomass of a non‐native fish increased. Molar N:P of pool assemblage excretion declined significantly throughout the drought and coincided with loss of southern redbelly dace (Chrosomus erythrogaster: Cyprinidae). Animal‐mediated nutrient cycling was altered by the loss of biomass and stoichiometric traits of taxa that differed in their occurrences and ability to tolerate abiotic conditions during drought. Elevated availability of dissolved N in isolated pools may increase N uptake rates by biofilms during drought conditions, indicating the importance of N excreted by aggregated macroconsumers, especially those with unique stoichiometric traits. While the significance of shifts in the composition of freshwater communities to ecosystems is not entirely known, additional losses in ecosystem function and changes in community structure may follow episodes of severe drought.
Commentary on the Study: “What Do Workplace Wellness Programs Do? Evidence From the Illinois Workplace Wellness Study”:

Recently, several high-profile randomized clinical trials conducted with employees at the University of Illinois and BJ's Wholesale Club have questioned the value of workplace health and well-being programs. This commentary focuses on the latest research published in The Quarterly Journal of Economics by authors Jones, Molitor, and Reif who evaluated the iThrive wellness program. The commentary challenges the study's main finding that wellness programs (in general) do not work. Several perspectives are explored including whether the evaluated programs are well-designed, sufficiently potent, and appropriate candidates for randomized trials. The article also asks what role employers can or should play in improving the health and well-being of Americans given recent troubling statistics showing a decline in life expectancy and an increase in health risks.
Children's Memory for Temporal Information: The Roles of Temporal Language and Executive Function.

The ability to recall the temporal order of events develops much more slowly than the ability to recall facts about events. To explore what processes facilitate memory for temporal information, we ...
Ways of seeing through desk critique: intertextuality as a pedagogical tool for learning opportunities

The critique, central to teaching and learning in fine arts studios, allows expert teachers to apprentice novice art students into their professional community, through feedback and guidance. This ...
Clear Optically Matched Panoramic Access Channel Technique (COMPACT) for Large Volume Deep Brain Neurophotonic Interface

To investigate deep brain region, miniature optical probes are required. We report Clear Optically Matched Panoramic Access Channel Technique (COMPACT), which can effectively increase the probe’s tissue access volume by ~ three orders of magnitude.
Plasma Fusion of Deuterons at Kiloelectron Volts With Extremely Heated Tritons

The mechanism that the author’s recently developed for plasma fusion at kiloelectron volts (keV) has been extended from the D-3He fusion with extremely heated 3He ions to the D-T fusion with extremely heated tritons. Two major significances of this extension are that the D-T fusion has the highest reactivity and the plasma does not need H ions, which do not participate in the fusion, because the plasma needs only to generate current-driven electrostatic D-cyclotron (CDEDC) waves for the extra heating of tritons rather than current-driven electrostatic H-cyclotron (CDEHC) waves for the extra heating of 3He ions. The extended mechanism works in a two-stage heating process when an electric current is driven through plasma that contains deuterons and tritons. First, the current ohmically heats the plasma up to some keV, at which the resistivity in the plasma is too low for the current to be significantly dissipated further. When the electric current is continuously driven up to a critical point, however, CDEDC waves are excited, which can preferentially heat tritons via the second-harmonic resonance further to tens of keV or higher, at which the nuclear fusion between the extremely heated tritons and the relatively cold deuterons occurs. In addition, this mechanism can greatly reduce technology and engineering difficulties in plasma control and confinement. This article also develops a new anisotropic model for plasma heating by ion-cyclotron waves and indicates that ions are mainly heated perpendicularly via the cyclotron resonances, while electrons are mainly heated in parallel via the Landau resonance.