cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reversible Low-Temperature Metal Node Distortion during Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 and TiO2 on UiO-66-NH2 Metal–Organic Framework Crystal Surfaces

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are chemically functionalized micro- and mesoporous materials with high surface areas and are attractive for multiple applications including filtration, gas storage, and catalysis. Postsynthetic modification (PSM), via solution or vapor-based techniques, is a way to impart additional complexity and functionality into these materials. There is a desire to shift toward vapor-phase methods in order to ensure more controlled modification and more efficient reagent and solvent removal from the modified MOF material. In this work we explore how the metal precursors titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and trimethylaluminum (TMA), commonly used in atomic layer deposition, react with UiO-66-NH2 MOF. Using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at 150 and 250 °C, we find that the ALD precursors react with μ3-OH hydroxyl and μ3-O bridging oxygen groups on Zr6 nodes, as well as oxygen from carboxylate linker groups. The reactions occur p...
Failure to shorten the diagnostic delay in two ultra-orphan diseases (mucopolysaccharidosis types I and III): potential causes and implications

Rare diseases are often un- or misdiagnosed for extended periods, resulting in a long diagnostic delay that may significantly add to the burden of the disease. An early diagnosis is particularly essential if a disease-modifying treatment is available. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of the diagnostic delay in the two ultra-rare diseases, i.e., mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) and III (MPS III), both of which are lysosomal storage disorders with different phenotypic severities (MPS 1 is characterized by the severe Hurler and the more attenuated non-Hurler phenotypes, MPS III is characterized by the severe rapidly progressing (RP) phenotype and more attenuated slowly progressing (SP) phenotype). We investigated whether the diagnostic delay changed over the previous decades. The diagnostic delay, which is defined as the time between the first visit to a medical doctor for disease-related symptoms and the final diagnosis, was assessed using telephone interviews with patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2017 and/or their parents or legal guardian(s). In addition, the medical charts were reviewed. For MPS I (n = 29), the median diagnostic delay was 8 months (range 1-24 months) for Hurler patients and 28 months (range 2-147 months) for non-Hurler patients. For MPS III (n = 46), the median diagnostic delay was 33 months (range 1-365 months). No difference was observed between the RP and SP phenotypic groups. Comparing the diagnostic delay over time using 5-year time intervals, no reduction in the diagnostic delay was observed for MPS I or MPS III. In the Netherlands, the time to diagnosis for patients with MPS I and MPS III has not changed between 1988 and 2017, and an extensive delay still exists between the first visit to a medical doctor for disease-related symptoms and the final diagnosis. The numerous campaigns launched to increase awareness, leading to earlier diagnosis of these rare disorders, particularly of MPS I, have failed to achieve their goal. Robust selected screening protocols embedded in national guidelines and newborn screening for disorders that meet the criteria for population screening may be the only effective approaches for reducing the diagnostic delay.
Good gun policy needs research

The tragic shooting at a school in Parkland, Florida, last month triggered another round of proposals from local, state, and federal policymakers about controlling firearm-related violence without violating broad interpretations of the rights to keep and bear arms provided by the U.S. Constitution. Unfortunately, there is only very sparse scientific evidence that can help figure out which policies will be effective. Earlier this month, the RAND Corporation released a comprehensive analysis on gun policy in the United States,* and among its conclusions is that too few policies and outcomes have been the subject of rigorous scientific investigation. Even the seemingly popular view that violent crime would be reduced by laws prohibiting the purchase or possession of guns by individuals with mental illness was deemed to have only moderate supporting evidence. If the nation is serious about getting firearm-related violence under control, it must rise above its aversion to providing financial support for firearm-related research, and the scientific community will have to expeditiously carry out the needed research.
Effect of changing postoperative pain management on bleeding rates in tonsillectomy patients

Abstract Purpose To review rates of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) at a quaternary medical center, including the impact of narcotic versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) postoperative pain management. Materials and methods A retrospective review was performed of tonsillectomies conducted at a single institution between 1/1/2013 and 1/1/2017. The rates of PTH and subsequent intervention were calculated. These were categorized into patients having surgery pre- and post-July 1, 2015, the former group receiving narcotics and the latter ibuprofen with acetaminophen. Results Of 1351 total tonsillectomies, 3.04% had PTH requiring return to the hospital. 0.74% required no further surgical intervention, whereas 2.30% required secondary surgical control. The bleed rate prior to July 2015 was 3.15%, with 1.05% non-surgical bleeds and 2.10% requiring surgery. Post-July 2015, the bleed rate was 2.92%, with 0.44% non-surgical bleeds and 2.49% requiring surgery. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to overall, non-surgical, and surgical hemorrhage rates (p > 0.05). Of the total bleeds, the need for secondary surgery in the narcotic group was 66.7% and 85% in the NSAID group (p = 0.18). During the study period, 36 patients with PTH had their initial tonsillectomy performed at outside institutions; 53% required surgical intervention. Conclusions Secondary hemorrhage remains a significant cause of morbidity in post-tonsillectomy patients, often requiring surgical intervention. This review found no increased bleeding risk associated with use of ibuprofen and acetaminophen as opposed to narcotic pain relief. Level of evidence III
Gap Anisotropy and Tc Enhancement: General Theory, and Calculations for Nb, using Fermi Surface Harmonics

A general theory is given of the anisotropy of the energy gap and the resulting transition temperature (Tc) enhancement of pure superconductors. The frequency dependence of the gap Δ (k,ω) is approximated by the two square well form of McMillan, but otherwise an exact algebraic solution of the strong-coupling Eliashberg equations is given, valid for arbitrarily large anisotropy. In the limit of weak anisotropy a simple perturbative formula is also derived. The method of solution relies on the use of expansion functions called Fermi surface harmonics (FSH’s) which are velocity polynomials orthonormalized on the Fermi surface. Methods for explicit construction of these functions are described. As an application of these techniques the mass enhancement and gap anisotropy are calculated for Nb, in an approximation which includes all electronic anisotropy but neglects the contribution to the anisotropy which arises from phonons. The rms gap anisotropy in this model is 6% which is not inconsistent with most of the current experimental data. The resulting Tc enhancement is predicted to be 0.7% or .06°K.
Artificial Intelligence in Concurrent Engineering

Design of a product progresses from description of needs and functions to detailed design of its components. To date a number of design methodologies have been developed. In this paper, features of various design methodologies are discussed. The impact of a concurrent engineering environment on the design methodology is presented. Concurrent engineering should benefit from artificial intelligence tools. Application of these tools at various stages of design is discussed.
Engineered nanomaterials and oxidative stress: Current understanding and future challenges

Abstract Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are being incorporated at an unprecedented rate into consumer and biomedical products. This increased usage will ultimately lead to increased human exposure; therefore, understanding ENM safety is an important concern to the public. Although ENMs may exert toxicity through multiple mechanisms, one common mechanism of toxicity recognized across a range of ENMs with varying physicochemical properties is oxidative stress. Further, it is recognized that several key physicochemical properties of ENMs including size, material composition, surface chemistry, band gap, and level of ionic dissolution for example contribute to ENM driven oxidative stress. While it has been shown that exposure of cells to ENMs at high acute doses produce reactive oxygen species at a toxic level often leading to cytotoxicity, there is little research looking at oxidative stress caused by ENM exposure at more relevant low or non-toxic doses. Although the former can lead to apoptosis, genotoxicity, and inflammation, the latter can potentially be damaging as chronic changes to the intracellular redox state leads to cellular reprogramming, resulting in disease initiation and progression among other systemic damage. This current opinions article will review the physicochemical properties and mechanisms associated with ENM-driven oxidative stress and will discuss the need for research investigating effects on the redox proteome that may lead to cellular dysfunction at low or chronic doses of ENMs.
Optimized Engine out Procedures For Multi Engine Airplanes

This investigation examined hazards associated with asymmetric thrust, engine out flying in twin engine airplanes at low speeds and low altitudes. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) data provided a measure of the comparative risks posed by control and performance inadequacies. Pilot training literature, as well as both pilot and instructor levels of awareness, indicated considerable misunderstanding of relevant aerodynamic principles. Virtually total emphasis has been devoted to directional control, which represents but one-third of the hazard. Regardless of circumstances, five degrees of bank is commonly believed to be the best available procedure for engine out flight. Mathematical analysis has been used to show that the optimum performance bank angle depends on several factors. In marginal rate of climb scenarios, the optimum bank is much smaller than five degrees. Wind tunnel experiments validated the analytical work and suggested substantially improved climb performance was achievable, with adequate control, by flying at zero sideslip. Flight tests in three light twin airplane models verified that angle of bank strongly influences rate of climb. Best climb resulted at the small angles of bank corresponding to zero sideslip. Increasing bank to five degrees degraded climb performance approximately 75-90 feet per minute from optimum. This penalty was equivalent to a weight addition of up to nine percent or a density altitude increase of as much as 1900 feet.
The Education of American Surgeons and the Rise of Surgical Residencies, 1930–1960

In the first half of the twentieth century, the training of American surgeons changed from an idiosyncratic, often isolated venture to a standardized, regulated, and mandated regimen in the form of the surgical residency. Over the three critical decades between 1930 and 1960, these residencies developed from an extraordinary, unique opportunity for a few leading practitioners to a widespread, uniform requirement. This article explores the transformation of surgical education in the United States, focusing on the standardization and dissemination of residencies during this key period. Utilizing the archives of professional organizations, it shows how surgical societies initiated and forced reform in the 1930s. It demonstrates the seminal and early role taken by the federal government in the expansion of surgical residencies through incentivized policies and, especially, the growth of the Veterans Administration health system after World War II. Finally, an examination of intra-professional debates over this process illustrates both the deeper struggles to control the nature of surgical training and the importance of residency education in defining the midcentury American surgeon.
“Replication of mismatch research: Ayers, Brooks, and Ho” (Comment)

Abstract This comment discusses Sander’s replication and extensions of Ayers and Brooks (2004) and Ho (2005). While these papers argued that their results largely negate the possibility of that there exist large “mismatch” effects in law schools associated with preferential admissions given to black applicants, Sander argues that when he corrects and/or extends their methods, the results largely suggest mismatch to be quite prevalent. As I discuss below, I think both of these conclusions are too strong. Even under Sander’s replications and extensions, the evidence both for or against mismatch is simply quite weak given these data and methods.
APPlaUSE: A rea and p erformance optimization in a u nified placement and s ynthesis e nvironment

We present a new methodology for \hls, which incorporates placement in an early phase of the synthesis process. This placement, prior to interconnect and storage allocation, allows for early and accurate estimates on area and net length. These cost factors are critical for the quality of the chip. The system has been implemented and extensive tests verify the estimates to be accurate.
Chip-scale optical phased arrays for inter-spacecraft communications

Optical phased arrays borrow concepts from radar phased array science and technology to provide non-mechanical beam steering of electromagnetic radiation in the far field. Like radar phased arrays, this is achieved through controlling the relative phases of individual emitters on the device. However, since the device size scales with the wavelength of the electromagnetic signal, moving from radar to optical signals involves a reduction in size by more than 4 orders of magnitude. As a result, optical phased arrays can be created on a compact, chip-scale platform. This is particularly of interest for inter-spacecraft communications where high bandwidth optical signals can be communicated in free-space from one location to another. Providing this functionality with a low SWaP, chip-scale device is crucial for space applications. Recently, many chip-scale optical phased arrays have been developed to provide non-mechanical beam steering of light at optical frequencies, including many demonstrations at the telecommunications wavelength of 1550 nm. Here we will discuss the existing demonstrations as well as highlight the tradeoffs between different designs. We will highlight the importance of spacing the emitters at a technologically challenging pitch that is half the operational wavelength in order to avoid the many negative effects of grating lobes, including power loss, steering range limitation, and the opportunities they provide for eavesdropping.
Transition-metal doped, magnesium oxide-supported terbium oxides as catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane

Abstract The effects of transition metal dopants on the catalytic properties of magnesia-supported terbium oxide catalysts in the oxidative coupling of methane were investigated. A few transition metals were included based on their oxidation states relative to Tb in TbO1.81 (where Tb is between Tb3+ and Tb4+). Ni and Fe were selected as low valence dopants (LVDs) and Zr and V were considered high valence dopants (HVDs) in the study. The effect of dopant concentration was also investigated, between 0.2 and 1.0 % by weight (wt%), since high loadings could result in segregation of the transition metal (TM) dopants, while low loadings may not yield observable effects. At the higher loading (1.0 wt%) it appears that the oxidation state relative to that of Tb is of minor importance, and the redox properties of the dopant have a larger impact. At this loading, the best performing catalysts were the Ni- and Zr-doped TbOx/n-MgO, while the selectivities of the Fe- and V-doped catalysts toward OCM products were very low, particularly at the lower temperatures ( The characterization data revealed that even at the low concentration of 0.2 wt%, the transition metals markedly alters the properties of the doped TbOx/n-MgO catalysts. For example, the number of basic sites was significantly increased by adding 0.2 wt% of Fe or Zr to the TbOx/n-MgO catalyst and this led to an improvement in the performance of the catalysts in the OCM reaction. The dopants also affected the oxidation state of Tb in the TbOx lattice as well as the dispersion of TbOx on the surface of the MgO. Both XPS and XRD data indicated that the TbO1.81, which was present on the surface of the fresh catalysts, in most cases was reduced to Tb2O3 during reaction. However, there were no evident trends to indicate that LVDs promote, while HVDs suppress, surface reduction of the host oxide, i.e. TbOx. The lack of trends may in part be due to the presence of the MgO support, which results in a complex catalyst system. Nevertheless, the data revealed that even low loadings of a transition metal dopant can positively affect the activity and selectivity of a TbOx/n-MgO catalyst.
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Signaling in Squash Nectaries and Nectar Throughout Floral Maturation

Floral nectar is a sugary solution produced by plants to entice pollinator visitation. A general mechanism for nectar secretion has been established from genetic studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, supporting metabolic and biochemical evidence for this model is scarce in other plant species. We used squash (Cucurbita pepo) to test whether the genetic model of nectar secretion in Arabidopsis is supported at the metabolic level in other species. As such, we analyzed the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in squash nectaries throughout floral maturation and the associated starch and soluble sugars, as well as nectar volume and sugar under different growth conditions. Here we show that the steps that are important for nectar secretion in Arabidopsis, including nectary starch degradation, Suc synthesis, and Suc export, are supported by metabolic and biochemical data in C. pepo. Additionally, our findings suggest that sugars imported from the phloem during nectar secretion, without prior storage as starch, are important for generating C. pepo nectar. Finally, we predict that trehalose and trehalose 6-P play important regulatory roles in nectary starch degradation and nectar secretion. These data improve our understanding of how nectar is produced in an agronomically relevant species with the potential for use as a model to help us gain insight into the biochemistry and metabolism of nectar secretion in flowering plants.
Staging and Initial Evaluation of Anal Cancer

Anal cancer commonly presents with rectal bleeding, pain, and mass sensation, although these are frequently mistaken for benign anal pathology leading to a delay in diagnosis. As the treatment of anal cancer is nonsurgical, anal cancer is clinically staged with an emphasis on physical examination, focusing on digital rectal exam (DRE), inguinofemoral lymph node evaluation, and gynecologic exam in female patients. Anoscopy or proctoscopy with biopsy confirms the diagnosis and histological type. Biopsy of suspicious inguinal nodes should be considered if indeterminate on clinical or radiographic assessment. Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in all patients and for cervical cancer in females is generally performed, while prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in males and colonoscopy are optional. Proper staging workup includes computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis and CT of the chest and abdomen. The addition of whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) leads to further nodal evaluation and informs radiotherapeutic treatment planning for curative cases. Anal canal cancers, located between the anorectal junction and the anal verge, and perianal cancers, located within 5 centimeters of the anal verge, are staged together using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification scheme. About one-half of patients present with localized disease and another one-third present with regional lymphadenopathy, with the remainder found to have distant metastases.
Acid-Assisted Hydrogenation of CO 2 to Methanolin a Homogeneous Catalytic Cascade System

A catalytic cascade system for CO2 hydrogenation to MeOH under acidic conditions is described. The reaction uses three catalysts which promote stepwise formation and conversion of formic acid and f...
Generating Random Numbers and Random Variables

This chapter deals with algorithms at the core of Monte Carlo simulation: methods for generating uniformly distributed random variables and methods for transforming those variables to other distributions. These algorithms may be executed millions of times in the course of a simulation, making efficient implementation especially important.
Leiomyosarcoma Tumor Embolism Masquerading as Thrombus in Transit

BACKGROUND Tumor embolism is a rare neoplastic complication that occurs when there is intravenous invasion by a benign or malignant tumor. We present the case of an asymptomatic patient with an incidentally discovered leiomyosarcoma tumor emboli, which was initially misdiagnosed as "thrombus in transit." CASE REPORT The patient was a 58-year-old woman who was incidentally found on echocardiogram to have a large tubular mass within the inferior vena cava and right atrium. Although initially characterized as "thrombus in transit", this mobile right atrial mass was present without clinical, echocardiographic, or radiographic evidence of pulmonary embolism or increased pulmonary arterial impedance. Given that a thrombus in transit is nearly always associated with submassive or massive pulmonary emboli and their attendant right heart sequelae, these pertinent negative findings led us to seek an alternative diagnosis. After a trial of conservative management with anticoagulation and attempted removal of the mass with the AngioVac system, the patient ultimately underwent median sternotomy and surgical embolectomy on cardiopulmonary bypass to remove the mass, which was later identified on pathology as a leiomyosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS With rare exceptions, "thrombus in transit" is accompanied by large pulmonary emboli and the presence of increased pulmonary artery pressure and right heart strain. The absence of clinical, echocardiographic, or radiographic evidence of these hemodynamic sequelae should raise suspicion for an alternative diagnosis. Tumor embolism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with a history of malignancy who presents with evidence of intracardiac mass or embolism.
Negative charge-transfer gap and even parity superconductivity in Sr 2 RuO 4

This paper presents a theory to describe the normal state and superconductivity in oxides. The metal-insulator transition, induced by substitution, doping or current, is achieved by a valence instability such that the true charge on the key cation following the transition is lower than the charge in the insulating state by nearly an integer unit. The driving force behind the transition is the unusually high ionization energy of the cation in the lower charged state, because of its exactly closed-shell or half-filled character.
A prospective study of patients with knee pain and mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MDT) classification.

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted to 1) determine the prevalence of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) syndromes for patients with knee impairments, and 2) report the inter...
AATJ’s Role in Diversity and Inclusion: An Opportunity to Transform into a Well-Integrated Organization

The survey results (Mori et al., this volume) show that there are divisions among subgroups based on instructional level and language background in the field of Japanese language education. This commentary discusses various kinds of divide or disparity in our professional field based on the author’s experience of involvement in three national professional organizations (ATJ, NCJLT, AATJ). In order for AATJ to become a well-integrated professional organization, the following three recommendations are made: (1) Reevaluate the AATJ’s current mission and bylaws to have a common goal, (2) incorporate the spirit of diversity and inclusion to foster a collegial culture in the organization, and (3) articulate what AATJ wants students to attain through the study of Japanese.
The rise of semicrystalline polymers and why are they still interesting

Abstract Scientific research on semicrystalline polymers started before the concept of macromolecules was proposed by Staudinger. Extensive studies have been devoted by generations of scientists to establishing this profoundly complex and impactful field. In this perspective, the establishment of the polymer crystallization field will be briefly reviewed. Discussions on several interesting new developments that emerged in the past two decades will then be presented, followed by the author's view on future outlooks. In addition to the conventional studies on theory, structure, morphology, and phase transformation of semicrystalline polymers, it is believed that newly emerged fields such as biomedical engineering, energy and sustainability, additive manufacturing, and nanoscience provide both new challenges and opportunities for future polymer crystallization research.
Giving death: the hero as sovereign utility in Bong Joon-ho’s Snowpiercer (2013)

This paper considers the theme of sacrificial heroism in the South Korean director Bong Joon-ho’s film Snowpiercer (2013). In order to become the hero, the film’s main character, Curtis, must risk ...
Therapeutic considerations for APOE and TOMM40 in Alzheimers disease: A tribute to Allen Roses MD

Introduction: Four years ago this Autumn, pioneering neurologist Prof. Allen. D. Roses passed away. Hence, we have taken time to reflect on his work and legacy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Prof. Roses rejected the widely accepted amyloid hypothesis, which identifies amyloid beta (Aβ) protein accumulation within the brain as the cause of AD. Instead, he proposed that the epsilon type 4 allele of apolipoprotein (APOE- Ɛ4) and translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homolog (TOMM40) were preeminent factors in the pathogenesis and progression of AD, particularly in late-onset AD (LOAD). This rejection of the amyloid hypothesis has generated new investigations into APOE and TOMM40 as risk factors for AD. Areas covered: We discuss the contributions of Prof. Roses to AD research, describe how APOE-Ɛ4 and TOMM40 have been posited to trigger neuropathological changes leading to AD, and explore paths to future clinical applications built on the foundations of his research. Expert opinion: The unconventional methodology of targeting APOE and TOMM40 offers great potential for the development of effective preventive and disease-modifying AD interventions. Future preclinical and clinical investigations will greatly benefit from the groundbreaking scientific discoveries of Prof. Roses.
Regeneration of PEG slide for multiple rounds of single-molecule measurements

Abstract Single-molecule fluorescence detection of protein and other biomolecules requires a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-passivated surface. Individual channels on a PEG-passivated slide are typically used only a few times, limiting the number of experiments per slide. Here, we report several strategies for regenerating PEG surfaces for multiple rounds of experiments. First, we show regeneration of DNA- or RNA-tethered surfaces by washing out the bound protein by 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, which is significantly more effective than 6 M urea, 6 M GdmCl, or 100 μM proteinase K. Strikingly, 10 consecutive experiments in five different systems produced indistinguishable results both in molecule count and protein activity. Second, duplexed DNA unwound by helicase or denatured by 50 mM NaOH was reannealed with a complementary strand to regenerate the duplexed substrate with an exceptionally high recovery rate. Third, the biotin-PEG layer was regenerated by using 7 M NaOH to strip off NeutrAvidin, which can be reapplied for additional experiments. We demonstrate five cycles of regenerating antibody immobilized surface by which three different protein activity was measured. Altogether, our methods represent reliable and reproducible yet simple and rapid strategies that will enhance the efficiency of single-molecule experiments.
Comparative Costs of a Parent‐Only and Parent and Child Treatment for Children with Overweight or Obesity

Objective Models such as family-based treatment (FBT), delivered to both the parent and child, are considered the most efficacious intervention for children with obesity. However, recent research suggests that parent-based treatment (PBT; or parent-only treatment) is noninferior to FBT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the comparative costs of the FBT and PBT models. Methods A total of 150 children with overweight and obesity and their parents were randomized to one of two 6-month treatment programs (FBT or PBT). Data was collected at baseline, during treatment, and following treatment, and and trial-based analyses of the costs were conducted from a health care sector perspective and a limited societal perspective. Results Results suggest that PBT, compared with FBT, had lower costs per parent-child dyad from the health care sector perspective (PBT = $2,886; FBT = $3,899) and from a limited societal perspective (PBT = $3,231; FBT = $4,279). Conclusions These findings suggest that a PBT intervention has lower costs and is noninferior to an FBT intervention for both child and parent weight loss.
Narrative review: COVID-19 and pediatric anxiety.

Abstract The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has brought focus to the effects of anxiety on children. This study aimed to review the existing literature regarding the impact of the pandemic on pediatric anxiety. This review analyzed the existing literature between the open-sourced collection on PubMed inputting “anxiety disorder in children during pandemic” and “pediatric anxiety OR child anxiety AND COVID” and that of the Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry using the keywords “social anxiety AND COVID.” This yielded 149 + 312 (461) entries and 68 articles were selected. Anxiety was found to have a prevalence of 18.9–23.87% in children during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas adolescent populations demonstrated a prevalence of 15.4–39.9%. Female gender was the most studied risk factor and physical activity was the most documented preventative factor. This review supported the notion that the COVID-19 pandemic is a major contributor to anxiety in the pediatric population.
Adiposity, related biomarkers, and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: The Diabetes Prevention Program.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated associations of adiposity and adiposity-related biomarkers with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among parous women. METHODS Among women in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) who reported a previous live birth, circulating biomarkers (leptin, adiponectin, sex hormone-binding globulin, and alanine aminotransferase; n = 1,711) were measured at enrollment (average: 12 years post partum). Visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue areas at the L2-L3 region and the L3-L4 region were quantified by computed tomography (n = 477). Overall and stratified (by history of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]) adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were fit. RESULTS Alanine aminotransferase, L2-L3 VAT, and L3-L4 VAT were positively associated (hazard ratio [HR] for 1-SD increases: 1.073, p = 0.024; 1.251, p = 0.009; 1.272, p = 0.004, respectively), and adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with T2D (HR 0.762, p < 0.001). Whereas leptin concentration was not associated with T2D overall, in GDM-stratified models, a 1-SD higher leptin was positively associated with risk of T2D in women without GDM (HR: 1.126, p = 0.016) and inversely in women with a history of GDM (HR: 0.776, p = 0.013, interaction p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Among parous women, alanine aminotransferase and VAT are positively associated with incident T2D, whereas adiponectin is inversely associated. Leptin is associated with higher risk of T2D in women with a history of GDM but a lower risk in women without a history of GDM.
Industrial applications of intelligent systems for operating procedure synthesis and hazards analysis for batch process plants

Operating Procedure Synthesis (OPS) and Hazard and Operability analysis (HAZOP) are two important areas in batch process development. They are time-consuming and knowledge-intensive, and could benefit from automation. Recently, two knowledge-based systems for automating OPS and HAZOP, called iTOPS and BHE respectively, were developed and integrated. The integrated system has the capability to perform consistent HAZOP analysis based on the information in the generated operating procedures. In this paper, the integrated system is illustrated using one large-scale pharmaceutical industrial case study.
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia in adults, affects 1 in 25 people over the age of 60 years and 1 in 10 over the age of 80 years.1 There is considerable morbidity, mortality and economic burden associated with AF, all of which will increase with the expanding elderly population. Until recently, pharmacologic therapy with AV nodal blocking agents, antiarrhythmics and anticoagulation were the mainstay of therapy. Although electrical cardioversion is associated with a high immediate success rate, most patients have recurrences of AF with only 23% remaining in sinus rhythm one year after cardioversion.2 Antiarrhythmic agents have been shown to improve sinus maintenance, but these medications have variable success and are associated with many potentially serious side effects. In addition, the recently published AFFIRM trial suggests that a pharmacological rhythm control strategy has no benefit in terms of mortality or morbidity over a rate control and anticoagulation strategy.3 Over the last few years, there has been a great deal of enthusiasm regarding catheter based ablation strategies aimed at curing AF.
Minotoring adenine nucleotides levels and their relevance to biochemical and cellular metabolic function using bioluminescence-based strategies (766.5)

Adenine nucleotides are major determinants of the energy status of the cell and thus any modulation of their cellular concentration has significant consequences to cellular metabolism, cellular growth and cell death. ATP generating enzymes are usually involved in anabolic processes while ATP consuming enzymes are involved in catabolite processes. We have developed biochemical and cell based assays that monitor the concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP in biochemical reactions and in cells. These universal assays can measure the activity of various enzymes with no modification of the native substrate and the ability to use diverse substrates such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, etc. The AMP generating reactions such as ubiquitin ligases, aa aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases, DNA ligases, cAMP-dependent phosphodiesterases, etc. can be also monitored with high sensitivity and reproducibility. The ADP-generating (kinases and ATPases, and ATP-consuming reactions (kinases and ATPases) can be monitored as well usi...
Helical Field Lines in an Erupting Filament

An example of an erupting filament that exhibited helical structure during a flare on 1971, September 17, was discussed. This sort of event is not rare. Examples of rotational effects in flares, prominences and surges have been reported by others such as Ohman (1968). Accompanied by type II radio emission and the visible flow of Hα gas across 1/2 the Sun’s surface, the flare was very interesting in itself. However, here the emphasis is on possible ways in which the observed twist might develop. The latter is important because it yields information about: (1) the state of the subphotospheric field itself, and (2) the possibility of storing flare energy in the twisted filaments.
High speed data bus design validation

The SAE Linear Implementation Task Group has developed the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard (AS4074.1). A validation plan which will define the test requirements for determining that an implementation of the standard meets the requirements of SAE AS4074.1 is discussed. Once completed, the test requirements contained in this plan will be executed on bus interface units (BIUs) for validation purposes. The author describes the use of a validation model that incorporates many of the capabilities of the validation test plan. This model can also be thought of as a VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) behavioral representation of the SAE Linear Token Passing Multiplex Data Bus Standard. It is tightly coupled to the standard and provides a model that can be used during the BIU development to validate the design. >
The Solenoidal Detector Collaboration Silicon Detector System

Silicon tracking systems will be fundamental components of the tracking systems for both planned major SSC experiments. Fig. 1 shows the central tracking system and the calorimeter of the detector being proposed by the Solenoidal Detector Collaboration (SDC). The small shaded central area is the Silicon Tracking System (STS). Despite its seemingly small size, it occupies a volume of more than 5 meters in length and 1 meter in diameter and is an order of magnitude larger than any silicon detector system previously built.
A 5′ UTR‐mediated translational efficiency mechanism inhibits the Candida albicans morphological transition

Summary While virulence properties of Candida albicans, the most commonly isolated human fungal pathogen, are controlled by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, considerably little is known about the role of post-transcriptional, and particularly translational, mechanisms. We demonstrate that UME6, a key filament-specific transcriptional regulator whose expression level is sufficient to determine C. albicans morphology and promote virulence, has one of the longest 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) identified in fungi to date, which is predicted to form a complex and extremely stable secondary structure. The 5′ UTR inhibits the ability of UME6, when expressed at constitutive high levels, to drive complete hyphal growth, but does not cause a reduction in UME6 transcript. Deletion of the 5′ UTR increases C. albicans filamentation under a variety of conditions but does not affect UME6 transcript level or induction kinetics. We show that the 5′ UTR functions to inhibit Ume6 protein expression under several filament-inducing conditions and specifically reduces association of the UME6 transcript with polysomes. Overall, our findings suggest that translational efficiency mechanisms, known to regulate diverse biological processes in bacterial and viral pathogens as well as higher eukaryotes, have evolved to inhibit and fine-tune morphogenesis, a key virulence trait of many human fungal pathogens.
Melittin: An allergen of honeybee venom

The presence of serum IgE antibodies to melittin was tested by the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Melittin, the principal protein of honeybee venom, was isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and covalently bound to cyanogen bromide-activated microcrystalline cellulose. The melittin preparation was homogenous by immunoelectrophoresis with the use of rabbit antiserum to whole honeybee venom and by polyacrylamide electrophoresis in gels containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Elevated serum IgE antibodies to melittin (three times greater than binding by normal sera) were found in 7 of 24 honeybee venom-sensitive persons and in 5 of 20 nonsensitive beekeepers. In one venom-sensitive patient a particularly high titer of IgE antibody was found. The reaction between solid-phase melittin and IgE antibody could be inhibited by fluid-phase melittin but not by phospholipase A (PLA). Similarly, the reaction of IgE antibody with solid-phase PLA was inhibited by PLA but not by melittin. In passive transfer skin tests with the sensitive patient's serum, positive wheal-and-flare reactions were obtained in 3 nonallergic recipients following melittin challenge; appropriate controls were negative. These results indicate that melittin is an allergen in some honeybee venom-sensitive patients and in an occasional patient melittin may be a major allergen.
User driven audio content navigation for spoken web

It is a common practice for us to skim textual content on a web page. While skimming, we usually skip words or phrases that are not of interest to us and we slow down our speed when the content seems to be of relevance to us. But when we listen to audio content, which is not persistent and is sequential, such skimming is not possible. In developing countries, cell-phone penetration is much higher than Internet penetration. Moreover, due to low literacy, voice is a convenient modality to access information. The skimming techniques are therefore more critical in the audio domain. In this paper, we describe the technique for navigating audio content while interacting with information systems in a client server environment, where a dumb phone is the client device. The paper presents techniques for skimming audio content and for placing markers in audio. The user studies conducted with 18 users for more than 1 month, in a live setting substantiates the usability and usefulness of the navigation techniques.
Studies towards the synthesis of esperamicinone

Abstract A strategy is presented for the synthesis of esperamicinone ( 3 ), the aglycone of esperamicin A 1 . The route is based on an asymmetric epoxidation of a quinone monoketal. Two approaches for the installation of the vinylogous urethane are described.
Pressure broadening of single vibrational-rotational transitions of acetylene at ν = 5

To understand the mechanism of pressure broadening one must have accurate values of the pressure broadening coefficients as a function of vibrational quantum number. Unfortunately, such data for polyatomic molecules are scarce. The coefficient for self-broadening of methane has been found to be the same for the R(0) and R(1) lines of the 2{nu}{sub 3} and 3{nu}{sub 3} bands and for an unidentified line of the 5{nu}{sub 1} + {nu}{sub 3} band at 6190 {angstrom} (1). Measurements have also been performed on the {nu}{sub 2} (2) and {nu}{sub 1} + {nu}{sub 3} (3) bands of acetylene. In the work described here, high resolution spectra of single vibrational-rotational lines of the 5{nu}{sub 3} band of acetylene at 15,600 cm{sup -1} have been taken to determine the coefficients for self-broadening at a much higher level of vibrational excitation. A single frequency cw dye laser (Spectra-Physics 580A) with Rhodamine B as the lasing medium is used as a narrow bandwidth light source. The laser is continuously scannable over a 10 GHz region with 30 MHz linewidth. The unfocused beam is chopped and directed through a small, nonresonant optoacoustic cell. The pressure of the acetylene (> 99.99% purity) in the cell is measured withmore » a capacitance manometer. The optoacoustic signal is detected by a miniature electret microphone placed within the cell and is processed by a lock-in amplifier. The high resolution scans are calibrated ({+-} 5%) by monitoring the dye laser output with a spectrum analyzer equipped with 2 GHz FSR mirrors. All spectra were taken at room temperature (293 {+-} 2 K). At the relatively low pressures used in these experiments, the experimental linewidths are not more than three times the Doppler width (1.1 GHz FWHM). The method of Gronwall was used to calculate values of the Voigt lineshape. With these data, the pressure broadened widths, {Delta}{nu}{sub p}, were extracted from the experimental lineshapes and are plotted as a function of pressure for the R(3), R(9), and R(15) lines in Figure 1. The lines drawn through the data points were determined by the linear least squares method. The self-broadening coefficients, {gamma}, and their standard errors are summarized in Table 1 along with the results of other workers.« less
LONGITUDINAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE LEARNING OUTCOMES

The present study was designed to investigate the longitudinal covariation of attitude toward subject mat ter and achievement during a course in general psychology. Five measures of attitudes toward psychology and five measures of achievement were obtained at intervals of 20 percent through the course. Subjects included 866 freshmen and sophomores at Colorado State University and the University of Missouri. The data indicated a con sistent improvement in achievement throughout the course but relatively little change in attitudes. It was concluded that the cognitive and affective outcomes were independent of each other.
Phenotypic characterization of normal human placental mononuclear cells

The placenta is a rich source of immunocompetent cells. We have studied the phenotype, number and origin of placental mononuclear blood cells isolated from 32 normal term placentae using 4 color flow cytometry. Respective maternal and cord blood leucocyte preparations were also compared. Placental tissue without extraembryonic membranes was cut into small pieces and divided. One portion was washed extensively with ice-cold PBS. Both tissue portions were disrupted in a blender and cells were dissociated by using a 180 mu sieve. Leucocytes were isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. Maternal and cord bloods were HLA typed and in cases of HLA-A2 or B7/40 disparity, monoclonal anti-HLA antibodies to these antigens showed that unwashed placental tissue contained 35% maternal and 65% fetal cells. This ratio, however, was not reflected for a given cell phenotype. In comparison, washed placental tissue contained cells of fetal origin only. Both unwashed and washed placental tissue contained fewer CD3 and CD4, but more CD8 cells than maternal and cord blood. Markers of NK cells such as, CD16, CD56, and CD57 showed this cellular phenotype to be 15 times more abundant in the placental preparations than in cord and maternal blood. The quantitative differences between peripheral blood and placental CD8 and NK cells were further explored with an antiprogesterone receptor antibody in combination with anti-CD8, anti-CD57 and anti-HLA-DR. The number of progesterone receptor (PGR) positive cells was three times higher in placental tissues than in cord or maternal blood. These data indicate that the phenotypic frequencies of certain placental leucocytes are significantly different from maternal and fetal peripheral blood. Progesterone and the presence of PGR may be important in the differential retention of placental leucocytes.