cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reaction of (μ-H)Os3(CO)10(μ3-CPh) with diphenylacetylene. Alkylidynealkyne coupling and the crystal structure of Os3(CO)8(μ,η2-CPhCHPh)(μ,η3-C3Ph3)

The reaction of diphenylacetylene with (μ-H)Os3(CO)10(μ3-CPh) yields two isomers (A and B) of stoichiometry Os3(CO)8(H(CPh)5) and two isomers (C and D) of stoichiometry Os3(CO)9(H(CPh)5). The interconversions of these species have been studied and an X-ray structural study of B shows it to be Os3(CO)8(μ,η2-CPhCHPh)(μ-η3-C3Ph3) containing a σ,π-vinyl and a dimetallaallyl fragment. Compound B crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21/c (No. 14) with a 10.1908(18), b 16.6521(23), c 23.1817(48) A, β 91.725(16)°, V 3932.1(12) A3 and Z = 4.
Sedimentology and history of a Late Wisconsinan glacial lake, Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada

The Grande Prairie region of northwestern Alberta was partially covered by glacial Lake Peace, which was dammed against the retreating Laurentide ice sheet. Two levels of glacial Lake Peace are identified in the study are by closely spaced groups of strandlines and minor deltas lying at 805 to 840 m a. s. l., and 655 to 710 m a.s.l. Sedimentation associated with the upper of the two lake levels is marked by rhythmites of silt and clay deposited by turbid underflow, interbedded with diamicton deposited by debris flow. Dropstones and dump structures indicate common ice-rafting. Thick sequences are only found on the axes of major valleys, where sediment gravity flows were concertrated. Thin sequences of ice proximal glaciolacustrine sediments reflect topographic setting and do not indicate a short-lived lake. Retreat of the ice front resulted in a decrease in ice-rafted material and diamicton in sediments. The fall in lake level to the second stage resulted in deposition of sequences of vaguely laminated silt and clay close to the modern Beaverlodge River. These sediments were deposited by suspension settling from interflow or overflow of the Beaverlodge River as it entered the lake. Lake sedimentation was dominated by inflow from unglaciated areas, rather than the ice front.
Pattern match reduction for Relational Production Language in the USL MMDBS

The Relational Production Language, RPL, is a rule language where both the condition and action part of a rule is expressed in a relational language. This makes RPL a natural choice for expert database systems. In this paper, the performance of the RPL interpreter is addressed through the use of Pattern Match Reduction, PMR, within the context of the USL main memory database system, the USL MMDBS. PMR provides a generalization of relational view materialization by supporting relationally complete queries and by allowing the materialization of any/all intermediate nodes in a query tree. The USL MMDBS supports PMR because of its performance characteristics for query processing (due to a linear sort/join algorithm) and because intermediate query results are stored as “first class” relations. Thus the materialization required by PMR is directly supported. This paper introduces PMR and the USL MMDBS and presents preliminary performance results.
The Nietzsche temptation in the thought of Albert Camus

(1989). The Nietzsche temptation in the thought of Albert Camus. History of European Ideas: Vol. 11, No. 1-6, pp. 955-962.
PuF, an antimetastatic and developmental signaling protein, interacts with the Alzheimer’s amyloid-β precursor protein via a tissue-specific proximal regulatory element (PRE)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is intimately tied to amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Extraneuronal brain plaques consisting primarily of Aβ aggregates are a hallmark of AD. Intraneuronal Aβ subunits are strongly implicated in disease progression. Protein sequence mutations of the Aβ precursor protein (APP) account for a small proportion of AD cases, suggesting that regulation of the associated gene (APP) may play a more important role in AD etiology. The APP promoter possesses a novel 30 nucleotide sequence, or “proximal regulatory element” (PRE), at −76/−47, from the +1 transcription start site that confers cell type specificity. This PRE contains sequences that make it vulnerable to epigenetic modification and may present a viable target for drug studies. We examined PRE-nuclear protein interaction by gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and PRE mutant EMSA. This was followed by functional studies of PRE mutant/reporter gene fusion clones. EMSA probed with the PRE showed DNA-protein interaction in multiple nuclear extracts and in human brain tissue nuclear extract in a tissue-type specific manner. We identified transcription factors that are likely to bind the PRE, using competition gel shift and gel supershift: Activator protein 2 (AP2), nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase/metastatic inhibitory protein (PuF), and specificity protein 1 (SP1). These sites crossed a known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). EMSA with PRE mutants and promoter/reporter clone transfection analysis further implicated PuF in cells and extracts. Functional assays of mutant/reporter clone transfections were evaluated by ELISA of reporter protein levels. EMSA and ELISA results correlated by meta-analysis. We propose that PuF may regulate the APP gene promoter and that AD risk may be increased by interference with PuF regulation at the PRE. PuF is targeted by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1, which also interacts with the integrins. These proteins are connected to vital cellular and neurological functions. In addition, the transcription factor PuF is a known inhibitor of metastasis and regulates cell growth during development. Given that APP is a known cell adhesion protein and ferroxidase, this suggests biochemical links among cell signaling, the cell cycle, iron metabolism in cancer, and AD in the context of overall aging.
Strategic addition of an N-linked glycan to a monoclonal antibody improves its HIV-1-neutralizing activity

Ibalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds human CD4--a key receptor for HIV--and blocks HIV-1 infection. However, HIV-1 strains with mutations resulting in loss of an N-linked glycan from the V5 loop of the envelope glycoprotein gp120 are resistant to ibalizumab. Previous structural analysis suggests that this glycan fills a void between the gp120 V5 loop and the ibalizumab light chain, perhaps causing steric hindrance that disrupts viral entry. If this void contributes to HIV-1 resistance to ibalizumab, we reasoned that 'refilling' it by engineering an N-linked glycan into the ibalizumab light chain at a position spatially proximal to gp120 V5 may restore susceptibility to ibalizumab. Indeed, one such ibalizumab variant neutralized 100% of 118 diverse HIV-1 strains tested in vitro, including 10 strains resistant to parental ibalizumab. These findings demonstrate that the strategic placement of a glycan in the variable region of a monoclonal antibody can substantially enhance its activity.
Sequencing the AML genome, transcriptome, and epigenome.

Leukemia is a disease that develops as a result of changes in the genomes of hematopoietic cells, a fact first appreciated by microscopic examination of the bone marrow cell chromosomes of affected patients. These studies revealed that specific subtypes of leukemia diagnoses correlated with specific chromosomal abnormalities, such as the t(15;17) of acute promyelocytic leukemia and the t(9;22) of chronic myeloid leukemia. Over time, our genomic characterization of hematologic malignancies has moved beyond the resolution of the microscope to that of individual nucleotides in the analysis of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data using state-of-the-art massively parallel sequencing (MPS) instruments and algorithmic analyses of the resulting data. In addition to studying the genomic sequence alterations that occur in patients’ genomes, these same instruments can decode the methylation landscape of the leukemia genome and the resulting RNA expression landscape of the leukemia transcriptome. Broad correlative analyses can then integrate these 3 data types to better inform researchers and clinicians about the biology of individual acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, facilitating improvements in care and prognosis.
Efficacy of Montmorillonite Clay (NovaSil PLUS) for Protecting Full-Term Broilers from Aflatoxicosis

SUMMARY Contamination of poultry feeds by aflatoxin is a problem faced by poultry producers at one time or another. Of the several strategies used to reduce the economic effect of aflatoxincontaminated feeds, the inclusion of selective enterosorbents may be the most practical and cost effective. This study evaluated the effectiveness of montmorillonite clay (MC) supplied as NovaSil PLUS on the performance of full-term commercial type broilers. Eight hundred male commercial broiler chickens (all vaccinated for Marek’s disease, Newcastle disease, and bronchitis) were randomly assigned, (20 each) to 40 floor pens and fed 1 of the 4 dietary treatments of industrytype corn-soy broiler diets. Treatments consisted of a control feed, control feed plus 0.5% MC (CMC), a feed containing ∼4,000 ppb aflatoxin (AF), and a feed containing ∼4,000 ppb aflatoxin plus 0.5% MC (AMC). The starter diet was fed for 3 wk, the grower for 2 wk and, the finisher for 1 wk. Selected birds were randomly retained for specific tissue analyses of blood serum; relative liver, spleen, and kidney weights; and histological examination of sampled organs. The combined data showed that birds fed MC as NovaSil PLUS received significant protection against the effects of the aflatoxin for most parameters measured. This level of protection did not totally protect the birds from the effects of feeding extremely high concentrations of aflatoxin, however, as their performance was not as good as that of the control group. To our knowledge this is the first study addressing the protective effects of MC in full-term broilers fed steam-pelleted feeds more nearly approximating commercial production.
Playing at Border Crossing in a Mexican Indigenous Community...Seriously

Deep within Mexico, an indigenous community offers tourists the chance to take on the roles of immigrants in a simulated border crossing experience, opening itself to charges that it is a “training camp” for illegal immigration to the United States. On the contrary, it functions as a highly politicized community performance aimed at cultural preservation and assertion, which are both threatened and enabled by the scenario of migration.
Phase II Trial of Temozolomide Plus O6-Benzylguanine in Adults With Recurrent, Temozolomide-Resistant Malignant Glioma

Purpose This phase II trial was designed to define the role of O 6 -benzylguanine (O 6 -BG) in restoring temozolomide sensitivity in patients with recurrent or progressive, temozolomide-resistant malignant glioma and to evaluate the safety of administering O 6 -BG in combination with temozolomide. Patients and Methods Patients were accrued into two independent strata on the basis of histology: glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic glioma. Both temozolomide and O 6 -BG were administered on day 1 of a 28-day treatment cycle. Patients were administered a 1-hour O 6 -BG infusion at a dose of 120 mg/m 2 followed immediately by a 48-hour infusion at a dose of 30 mg/m 2 /d. Temozolomide was administered orally within 60 minutes of the end of the 1-hour O 6 -BG infusion at a dose of 472 mg/m 2 . The primary end point was objective response rate. Secondary end points included progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Results Sixty-six of 67 patients who enrolled were treated with temozolomide and O 6 -BG. One of 34 patients (3%) with GBM (95% CI, 0.1% to 15%) and five of 32 assessable patients (16%) with anaplastic glioma (95% CI, 5% to 33%) were responders. The most commonly reported adverse events were grade 4 hematologic events experienced in 48% of the patients. Conclusion O 6 -BG when added to a 1-day dosing regimen of temozolomide was able to restore temozolomide sensitivity in patients with temozolomide-resistant anaplastic glioma, but there seemed to be no significant restoration of temozolomide sensitivity in patients with temozolomide-resistant GBM.
Discoveries and controversies in BCL-2 protein-mediated apoptosis

B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins mediate mitochondrial apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the activation of the downstream caspase cascade to execute apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins function through protein-protein interactions in soluble and membrane-associated states. How soluble BCL-2 proteins interact is well understood. Anti-apoptotic proteins, such as BCL-2 and BCL-xL, and the pro-apoptotic effectors of MOMP, including BAK and BAX, interact with pro-apoptotic BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only proteins similarly. Whereas anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins tightly bind all the BH3-only proteins to block apoptosis initiation, the effector BCL-2 proteins are potently triggered by specific BH3-only proteins to undergo conformational changes, membrane association and insertion, oligomerization, and pore formation. The anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins also inhibit the activated effectors. p53 is a direct BAX activator inhibited by BCL-xL, defining a prototype non-canonical modulator of BCL-2 proteins-mediated MOMP. How BCL-2 proteins cooperate in the presence of membranes remains poorly understood, impeding our understanding of MOMP and apoptosis. Here, we highlight the latest structural views of MOMP by BCL-2 proteins.
Moving beyond Illiberal Democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recalling the significance of local governance

The developmental history of today’s liberal democratic states demonstrates a clear parallel between liberal state practice and functioning local government institutions. This simple fact has implications for today’s policymakers interested in the political liberalization of sub-Saharan Africa’s newly declared “democracies.” Yet, among the many debates taking place in developmental politics, local governance remains – at best – a niche area that is usually brought up within the context of decentralization policy. Largely due to the recent history of Cold War patronage that focused on central over local government relations, the newly declared democracies of sub-Saharan Africa consistently rank among the lowest in the world in the yearly indexes on freedom compiled by Freedom House. Here it is argued that, if political liberalism is to be realized within these newly declared democracies of sub-Saharan Africa, a renewed emphasis on the role of local government institutions must take place. Emphasis is placed on the recent experience of Zambia, which demonstrates the kinds of internal and external policy challenges proponents of local governance have faced. Key words: Illiberal democracy, local government, sub-Saharan Africa, Zambia.
Developmental Consequences of Neuromuscular Junctions with Reduced Presynaptic Calcium Channel Function

Evoked neurotransmitter release at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is regulated by the amount of calcium influx at the presynaptic nerve terminal, as for most chemical synapses. Calcium entry occurs via voltage-gated calcium channels. The temperature-sensitive Drosophila mutant, cac TS2 , has a reduced amount of calcium entry during evoked stimulation. We have used this mutation to examine homeostatic regulatory mechanisms during development of the NMJ on muscle 6 within the developing larva. The amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials are reduced for both the Ib and Is motor neurons in 3rd instar larvae which have been raised at 338C from the 1st instar stage. Larvae raised at 258C and larvae pulsed at 338C from the late 2nd instar for various lengths of time show a reduced synaptic effi- cacy as a 3rd instar. The results indicate that the nerve terminal cannot fully compen- sate physiologically in the regulation of synaptic transmission during larval life for a reduced amount of evoked calcium entry. Morphological comparisons of Ib and Is termi- nals in relation to length and numbers of varicosities are significantly reduced in cac TS2 , which also suggests a lack in homeostatic ability. These findings are relevant since many deficits in synaptic transmission in various systems are compensated for either physiologically or structural over development, but not in this case for reduced calcium entry during evoked transmission. Synapse 57:132-147, 2005. V C 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cloning and characterization of Bδ, a novel regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A

Variable regulatory subunits of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) modulate activity, substrate selectivity and subcellular targeting of the enzyme. We have cloned a novel member of the B type regulatory subunit family, Bδ, which is most highly related to Bα. Bδ shares with Bα epitopes previously used to generate subunit-specific antibodies. Like Bα, but unlike Bβ and Bγ which are highly brain-enriched, Bδ mRNA and protein expression in tissues is widespread. Bδ is a cytosolic subunit of PP2A with a subcellular localization different from Bα and may therefore target a pool of PP2A holoenzymes to specific substrates.
Bypassing the local rural hospital for outpatient procedures.

Purpose To assess the amount of local rural hospital outpatient department (HOPD) bypass for outpatient procedures. Methods We analyzed data on colonoscopies and upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed in the state of Florida over the period 1997-2004. Findings Approximately, 53% of colonoscopy and 45% of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy patients bypassed their local rural hospital for treatment at either a free-standing ambulatory surgical center (ASC) or a nonlocal hospital outpatient department. Independent predictors of bypass included risk-adjusted severity of the patient's medical condition, insurance status, and race. Patients treated in ASCs were predominately healthier, white and commercially insured. Nonlocal HOPDs tend to treat a sicker cohort of patients who were publicly insured or under managed care. Conclusions The results indicate that patients who bypass their local HOPD to an ASC differ from those bypassing to a nonlocal HOPD, and that patient factors influencing bypass for outpatient procedures differ from those influencing inpatient bypass. From a policy perspective, as procedures continue to migrate from the inpatient to the outpatient setting, bypassing the local rural hospital for treatment elsewhere could create conditions that negatively impact rural hospital operations.
Trade Secret Law and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act: Two Problems and Two Solutions

As businesses move their confidential information onto computers, sensitive data gains the protection not only of state trade secret law, but also potentially of federal computer misuse statutes. The interaction between those two bodies of law, however, is more problematic than any commentator has yet realized. The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1030, is a federal criminal statute with a private right of action allowing those who suffer information theft via computer to maintain a civil action against the thief. More and more in recent years, however, employers whose faithless employees misappropriate purported trade secrets have used the CFAA as a basis for employee liability, as well as a way to bootstrap their claims into federal court. Using the CFAA in this manner creates two problems. First, substantively, since a CFAA claim is much easier to prove than a traditional state-law trade secret misappropriation claim, plaintiffs will be more likely to plead the former. But because the CFAA lacks virtually all of the policy-based protections built into trade secret law, this upsets the delicate balance between employers and employees that trade secret law strikes. Second, jurisdictionally, using the CFAA to establish federal question jurisdiction, then bringing trade secret claims into federal court under supplemental jurisdiction, contravenes the intent of Congress in passing the CFAA and damages core notions of federalism and the relationship between federal and state law.This Article proposes two solutions to the two problems that arise at the intersection of trade secret law and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act. First, Congress should act to remove the CFAA’s substantive crime that most closely approximates trade secret misappropriation from the Act’s private right of action, thus removing the threat that the CFAA will disrupt the values underlying substantive trade secret law. Second, judges ruling on motions to dismiss CFAA claims should carefully examine the parties’ contentions and use the discretion granted in 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c) to dismiss state-law trade secret claims. Thus claims in which the CFAA is merely, in the words of one judge, “a federal tail” wagging “a state dog” can be returned where they belong: state court.
Shock-Wave-Boundary-Layer Interaction Effects on Aerodynamic Heating

A simple method is developed to predict heating to a flat plate surface influenced by an impinging shock wave emanating from a two-dimensional wedge. Once the freestream flow conditions and shock generator wedge angle are specified, peak heating values can be computed for either laminar or turbulent oncoming flow. Flow that is init ial ly laminar can either remain laminar or be tripped to transitional or turbulent flow by the impinging shock wave. A transition Reynolds number for flow perturbed by the impinging shock wave is also derived from heating correlations. Finally, the study results indicate that the extremely large increases in interference heating over the undisturbed flat plate values are partially due to boundary-layer transition caused by the impinging shock wave. Experimental data obtained from simple geometry wedge/flat plate models as well as recent results from Space Shuttle models are used in this analysis.
Low-cost fabrication of centimetre-scale periodic arrays of single plasmid DNA molecules

We report the development of a low-cost method to generate a centimetre-scale periodic array of single plasmid DNA molecules of 11 kilobase pairs. The arrayed DNA molecules are amenable to enzymatic and physical manipulations.
Luminescence Linewidth Broadening and Nonradiative Energy Transfer Studies of Solid UO2+2-Datura

The emission spectra and fluorescence decay curves of solid UO2+2 -Datura at liquid nitrogen temperature have been measured. The linewidth of the emission peaks of UO2+2 ions in UO2+2 -Datura decreases with the UO2+2 concentration. This linewidth broadening phenomenon can be explained by the existence of resonance interactions between adjacent UO2+2 -Datura species. The analysis of the emission peak position of the bound ions has been used to provide a measure of the electronic factors contributing to the interaction between the uranyl ion and phosphoryl and dicarboxyl moieties on the cell wall material. An observed blue shift of the uranyl fluorescence spectrum as a function of solution pH has been ascribed to a distortion of the normally linear O-U-O bond. An inter and intra-molecular nonradiative energy transfer model has been successfully used to interpret the measured lifetime data of UO2+2 -Datura.
Party Formation and Party System Consolidation in the New Democracies of Central Europe

Political parties and the party systems of the new democracies of postcommunist Central Europe are in the process of formation through a sequence of elections and parliamentary terms. The sequence theory of electionparliament cycles suggests that in new democracies the formation of political parties and the de®nition of relationships among the parties proceed through a series of elections and the ensuing terms of parliament. During the current beginning stages of the `®rst generation' of parties and of whole political systems, the main question concerns democratic consolidation. For political parties, the question is one of emerging stability: to what extent do political parties have a continuous existence? For party systems the question is a double one: to what extent is the system consolidating from many small parties to fewer larger ones, and how stable is the relationship among them?While party formation is usually considered an important component in the formation and stabilization of democratic systems, some observers have suggested an `overpartycisation' phenomenon in at least some of the post-communist democracies. In this essay I review the formation, splits and recombinations among various groupings active in the electoral process I also consider the resulting shape and characteristics of party systems in the new democracies of Central Europe. While some references will be made to the Republics of the former USSR, the main attention of this paper is on Central Europe, and especially upon the Visegrad 4: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These questions are examined from the perspective of the electoralparliamentary sequence. The tentative ®ndings are that, in the ®rst half-decade of the post-communist transition the major tendency in party organization was to develop a small set of activists who made broad issue appeals, thus resembling more the American model of parties, while the patterns in party system more resembled those of multi-party western Europe.
Heat Stable Salt Accumulation and Solvent Degradation in a Pilot-Scale CO2 Capture Process Using Coal Combustion Flue Gas

Solvent degradation is a major factor in the cost associated with carbon capture using aqueous amine solutions. Heat stable salts (HSS) from oxidative amine degradation and acidic flue gas components, including SO2, NOx and HCl can accumulate in amine solvents and lead to corrosion, extra energy requirements and reduced capture efficiency. Accurate and reliable quantitation of HSS concentration is essential to monitor solvent degradation and corrosion potential inside the system. Two separate amine solvents were tested in a 0.1 MWth carbon capture pilot plant. 30% Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as a baseline solvent and compared to a developed amine solvent, CAER-B2. Six HSS were identified in each solvent and the accumulation rates were determined. The observed HSS build-up was similar in magnitude to other published amine based CO2 capture plant data. The 30% MEA solvent accumulates HSS at a higher rate (48 ppm/hr vs. 22 ppm/hr) as the CAER-B2 which can be attributed to higher input SO2 levels during the solvent test campaign. Corrosion benchmark levels of HSS were exceeded for CAER-B2 and 30% MEA within a few days of normal operation.
Evolution of mass density and O+ concentration at geostationary orbit during storm and quiet events

We investigated mass density ρm and O+ concentration ηO+≡nO+/ne (where nO+ and ne are the O+ and electron density, respectively) during two events, one active and one more quiet. We found ρm from observations of Alfven wave frequencies measured by the GOES, and we investigated composition by combining measurements of ρm with measurements of ion density nMPA,i from the Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer (MPA) instrument on Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft or ne from the Radio Plasma Imager instrument on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration spacecraft. Using a simple assumption for the He+ density at solar maximum based on a statistical study, we found ηO+ values ranging from near zero to close to unity. For geostationary spacecraft that corotate with the Earth, sudden changes in density for both ρm and ne often appear between dusk and midnight magnetic local time, especially when Kp is significantly above zero. This probably indicates that the bulk (total) ions have energy below a few keV and that the satellites are crossing from closed or previously closed to open drift paths. During long periods that are geomagnetically quiet, the mass density varies little, but ne gradually refills leading to a gradual change in composition from low-density plasma that is relatively cold and heavy (high-average ion mass M ≡ ρm/ne) to high-density plasma that is relatively cold and light (low M) plasmasphere-like plasma. During active periods we observe a similar daily oscillation in plasma properties from the dayside to the nightside, with cold and light high-density plasma (more plasmasphere-like) on the dayside and hotter and more heavy low-density plasma (more plasma sheet-like) on the nightside. The value of ne is very dependent on whether it is measured inside or outside a plasmaspheric plume, while ρm is not. All of our results were found at solar maximum; previous results suggest that there will be much less O+ at solar minimum under all conditions.
Spontaneous posterior fossa hemorrhage associated with low-molecular weight heparin in an adolescent recently diagnosed with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: case report and review of the literature

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) constitutes a well-described clinical entity, classically entailing characteristic edematous lesions on imaging studies in a patient with altered mental status, visual disturbances, headache, and seizures. PRES is reversible in the vast majority of cases, although progression to ischemia and hemorrhage has been documented. We report a case of a 16-year-old male with chronic renal failure who developed PRES during a hypertensive crisis. The hypertension was successfully managed and PRES-associated symptomatology showed complete regression. However, approximately 2 months later, the patient returned with a spontaneous posterior fossa hemorrhage. Two weeks before this second admission, treatment with low-molecular weight heparin had been initiated. The patient finally succumbed, despite surgical evacuation. The pertinent literature is reviewed. We suggest that the administration of low-molecular weight heparin in the setting of recent PRES might increase the risk for the development of intracranial hemorrhage.
The Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chimpanzees May Not Necessarily Correlate with the Appearance of Acquired Immunity

Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in humans and chimpanzees is thought to be associated with the induction of strong T-cell responses. We studied four chimpanzees infected with HCV derived from an infectious full-length HCV genotype 1b cDNA. Two of the chimpanzees cleared the infection to undetectable levels for more than 12 months of follow-up; the other two became persistently infected. Detailed analyses of HCV-specific immune responses were performed during the courses of infection in these chimpanzees. Only weak and transient T helper responses were detected during the acute phase in all four chimpanzees. A comparison of the frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in peripheral blood by ELISpot assay did not reveal any correlation between viral clearance and T-cell responses. In addition, analyses of IFN-γ, IFN-α, and interleukin-4 mRNA levels in liver biopsies, presumably indicative of intrahepatic T-cell responses, revealed no distinct pattern in these chimpanzees with respect to infection outcome. The present study suggests that the outcome of HCV infection in chimpanzees is not necessarily attributable to HCV sequence variation and that chimpanzees may recover from HCV infection by mechanisms other than the induction of readily detectable HCV-specific T-cell responses.
Rhenium volatilization in waste glasses

Abstract We investigated volatilization of rhenium (Re), sulfur, cesium, and iodine during the course of conversion of high-level waste melter feed to glass and compared the results for Re volatilization with those in low-activity waste borosilicate glasses. Whereas Re did not volatilize from high-level waste feed heated at 5 K min−1 until 1000 °C, it began to volatilize from low-activity waste borosilicate glass feeds at ∼600 °C, a temperature ∼200 °C below the onset temperature of evaporation from pure KReO4. Below 800 °C, perrhenate evaporation in low-activity waste melter feeds was enhanced by vigorous foaming and generation of gases from molten salts as they reacted with the glass-forming constituents. At high temperatures, when the glass-forming phase was consolidated, perrhenates were transported to the top surface of glass melt in bubbles, typically together with sulfates and halides. Based on the results of this study (to be considered preliminary at this stage), the high-level waste glass with less foaming and salts appears a promising medium for technetium immobilization.
Defining new optics with metamaterials

Metamaterials provide resources for the development of unconventional optical devices and the improvement of conventional ones. We review the methods of analyzing, constructing and characterizing metamaterials, and discuss their extension to infrared and visible wavelengths.
Engineering Synthetic Gene Circuits in Living Cells with CRISPR Technology

One of the goals of synthetic biology is to build regulatory circuits that control cell behavior, for both basic research purposes and biomedical applications. The ability to build transcriptional regulatory devices depends on the availability of programmable, sequence-specific, and effective synthetic transcription factors (TFs). The prokaryotic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system, recently harnessed for transcriptional regulation in various heterologous host cells, offers unprecedented ease in designing synthetic TFs. We review how CRISPR can be used to build synthetic gene circuits and discuss recent advances in CRISPR-mediated gene regulation that offer the potential to build increasingly complex, programmable, and efficient gene circuits in the future.
TDL Absorption Sensor for In Situ Determination of Combustion Progress in Scramjet Ground Testing

The development and use of a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy sensor for application in a hydrogen-fueled model scramjet combustor is presented. Absorption transitions are selected from the 1.4 μm band of water transitions to make use of telecommunications diode laser technology to detect combustion products. Scanned wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection is used for its superior noise-rejection capabilities. The sensor measures temperature and H2O column density at three axial planes downstream of fuel injection with the absorption lines-of-sight positioned at over 60 measurement locations using a translation stage system. Resulting plots show the evolution of temperature and combustion products throughout a scramjet combustor.
Dissociation of Na2SO4 from ultrasonic-absorption reduction in MgSO4−NaCl solutions

Sound absorption exhibited by MgSO4 solutions is reduced when NaCl is added. The reduction in sound absorption is due to a decrease in the concentration of MgSO4 ion pairs produced by the formation of NaSO4− ion pairs which exhibit negligible sound absorption. It is shown how the dissociation constant of NaSO4− can be calculated from the reduction in sound absorption. Additional experimental data on activity coefficients in NaCl−MgSO4 solutions is required to confirm the validity of this approach which yielded a dissociation constant ofK=0.073, in good agreement with a new value of 0.077 or 0.080 obtained from two different sets of conductance data and in fair agreement withK=0.067 calculated from the high-ionic-strength potentiometric data of Pytkowicz and Kester.
Multilayer Epitaxial Ferroelectric nx(SrTiO3/PbTiO3) Thin Films Prepared By The Sol-Gel Technique

Multilayer epitaxial ferroelectric PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 thin films were grown alternatively on single crystal SrTiO3 (001) substrate by the sol-gel technique in this study. Lead titanium double metal alkoxide and strontium titanium double metal alkoxide were used for dip coating. By controlling the dip coating speed and the concentration of sol-gel solution, different thickness of films was obtained. The average thickness of each PbTiO3 or SrTiO3 layer was 120 A which was measured by SEM method. By using XRD the structure of the epitaxial multilayer films was examined. The epitaxial PbTiO3 and SrTiO3 thin films could be obtained at 700°C and 800°C respectively. The change of transmittance with wavelength on 12( 6×[SrTiO3/PbTiO3]) layer films was measured. The structure and the optical properties of the films were discussed.
Blockade of maitotoxin-induced endothelial cell lysis by glycine and l-alanine

The maitotoxin (MTX)-induced cell death cascade in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) is a model for oncotic/necrotic cell death. The cascade is initiated by an increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)), which is followed by the biphasic uptake of vital dyes. The initial phase of dye entry reflects activation of large pores and correlates with surface membrane bleb formation; the second phase reflects cell lysis. In the present study, the effect of the cytoprotective amino acid glycine was examined. Glycine had no effect on MTX-induced change in [Ca(2+)](i) or on the first phase of vital dye uptake but produced a concentration-dependent (EC(50) approximately 1 mM) inhibition of the second phase of dye uptake. No cytoprotective effect was observed with l-valine, l-proline, or d-alanine, whereas l-alanine was equieffective to glycine. Furthermore, glycine had no effect on MTX-induced bleb formation. To test the hypothesis that glycine specifically blocks formation of a lytic "pore," the loss of fluorescence from BAECs transiently expressing GFP and concatemers of GFP ranging in size from 27 to 162 kDa was examined using time-lapse videomicroscopy. MTX-induced loss of GFP was rapid, correlated with the second phase of dye uptake, and was relatively independent of molecular size. The MTX-induced loss of GFP from BAECs was completely blocked by glycine. The data suggest that the second "lytic" phase of MTX-induced endothelial cell death reflects formation of a novel permeability pathway that allows macromolecules such as GFP or LDH to escape, yet can be prevented by the cytoprotective agents glycine and l-alanine.
Examining the evidence for self-monitoring of blood glucose in non-insulin Type 2 diabetes.

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can be a tool to provide feedback information to patients and clinicians to consider in the management of diabetes mellitus. SMBG is clearly useful to detect...
Molecular Dynamics Study of Melting of Nano Aluminum Particles

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed using isobaric-isoenthalpic (NPH) ensembles to predict the melting of nano-sized aluminum particles in the range of 2-9 nm and to investigate the effect of charge development on the melting. Five different potential functions (i.e., the Lennard-Jones, Glue, Embedded Atom, Streitz-Mintmire, and SuttonChen potentials are employed, and the results are compared using the size dependence of melting phenomenon as a benchmark. A combination of structural and thermodynamic parameters such as the potential energy, Lindemann index, translational-order parameter, and radial-distribution functions are employed to characterize the melting process. Both bulk and particle melting are considered. The former is characterized by a sharp increase in structural and thermodynamic properties, whereas the latter involves surface pre-melting. The effect of surface charges on the melting point is found to be insignificant for nano-sized aluminum particles. The melting point of a nano particle increases monotonically with increasing size and approaches the bulk melting point at approximately 8 nm. Two-body potentials like the Lennard-Jones potential fail to capture the thermodynamic melting phenomenon. The Sutton-Chen potential, fitted to match structural properties, also fails to capture the size dependence of the particle melting point. Many-body potentials like the Glue and Streitz-Mintmire potentials result in accurate melting temperature as a function of particle size.
Analysis epidemic characteristics and affecting factors of epidemic encephalitis B in Zhoukou city from 2004 to 2012

Objective To analysis the epidemiological characteristics and affecting factors of epidemic encephalitis B in Zhoukou city from 2004 to 2012 in order to provide a scientific basis for the control and prevention of the epidemic. Methods Collect epidemic monitoring and affecting factors data of epidemic encephalitis B in Zhoukou city from 2004 to 2012; All of the data were statistical analyzed. Results Over the 9 years, there were 304 cases were reported, 6 cases died, the average annual incidence was 0.34/lakh, the seasonal fluctuation of the incidence was significant. with the peak incidence occuring from July to September. Children under the age of 10 in rural area were most frequently affected. Conclusion The epidemic situation of epidemic encephalitis B was well under control in Zhoukou city, but it is still needed to take comprehensive measures based on vaccination, mosquito control, health education and prevention to make it better.
Design of Station Data Acquisition Device Based on Single Chip

The paper introduces a kind of railway station remote data acquisition device,data acquisition adopts RS485 bus technology in local station and data transmission adopts modem technology between stations,comparing voltage can be changed is used in data acquisition and false code can be identified in system software,improving stability of the system.
Effects of ground flaxseed in swine diets on pig performance and on physical and sensory characteristics and omega-3 fatty acid content of pork: II. Duration of 15% dietary flaxseed.

Four barrows and four gilts were assigned to each of five dietary treatments: a control (CO) diet or a 15% flaxseed (FS) diet fed for 7, 14, 21, or 28 d prior to slaughter. Flaxseed treatments did not affect any production or carcass traits (P > .10). No pork processing problems due to lack of firmness were encountered. Amounts (milligrams/gram of tissue) and percentages of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA [18: 3n-3]), arachidonic acid (AA [20:4n-6]), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA [20:5n-3]) increased (P < .001) in both backfat layers and in kidney (leaf) fat and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA [22:6n-3]) increased (P < .006) in the middle/inner backfat layer after FS. The effects of dietary FS on fatty acid profiles were maintained in lard and pastry. Alpha-linolenic acid, AA, and EPA increased (P < .001) and DHA increased (P < .021) in the raw belly in response to FS; the effect was maintained throughout processing to microwaved bacon. Percentage of oleic acid (OA [18:1n-9]) decreased (P < .016) in raw bellies after FS. Alpha-linolenic acid and EPA increased (P < .001) with duration of FS in longissimus thoracis and liver neutral lipids, polar lipids, and combined lipid fractions, but DHA increased (P < .004) only in longissimus thoracis polar and combined lipid fractions. Arachidonic acid decreased in the longissimus thoracis polar lipid fractions (P < .037) and in liver neutral (P < .01) and combined lipid fractions (P < .006) with FS. All ALA:AA and EPA:AA ratios increased (P < .001 to P < .048) with increased duration of FS (except ALA:AA in pastry [P = .56]). Processing of bellies into bacon and storing at -18 degrees C for 6 wk did not cause thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values to exceed a value of 1.0 after either the CO or FS diets. After microwaving bacon when TBA values approached 2.0, there was no FS dietary effect on TBA values. Trained panelists rated FS bacon more flavor-intense than CO bacon and recorded more flavor defects for FS bacon. A 105-member consumer group showed a higher frequency of "dislikes" for FS bacon than for CO bacon.
Restoring and Empowering Traumatized Girls in a Philippines-Based Independent Living Program: An Exploratory Study

Researchers have examined knowledge and skillsets that enhance successful transitions into independent living for at-risk youth residing in independent living programs; however, few studies examine programs outside of the United States. Employing focus groups and participant-observation, this exploratory study examined areas of personal development, knowledge, and skills that former graduates, staff, and administrators of a Philippines-based independent living program believed essential for the success of young women with traumatic histories. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: (1) Psycho-Emotional-Spiritual Well-Being, (2) Cultivating a Fighting Spirit, and (3) Financial Stability. Distinct from much of the literature, spiritual development, a mechanism of Psycho-Emotional-Spiritual Wellbeing, and Cultivating a Fighting Spirit, a form of empowerment, emerged as important areas of development. The focal program emphasized personal development and restoration for the survival and success of young Filipina women in their agency.
Measurement of diversification between asset classes in the Survey of Consumer Finances

Abstract Using the 2010 and 2013 Survey of Consumer Finances, we propose two new measures of asset class diversification that account for two main dimensions; the number of asset classes held and the degree of concentration of wealth in each asset class.
Legal Issues: Suing for Life's Frustrations: Supreme Court Says Maybe

Life can get frustrating sometimes. Losing a glove on a cold winter day, or opting not to bring an umbrella because the forecast said it would be dry – and it wasn’t – or as has been in the news lately, waiting for hours to clear security at the airport, are all such events that can make you see red. Some events go beyond frustrating and become worrisome. Being told that you might be the victim of a data breech and knowing that you’ll need to constantly worry if identity theft might be the result. It can feel even more frustrating or worrisome when the you know that if the other party had a responsibility to act in a certain way or take certain steps and failed to do so, resulting in the frustration. Even if nothing really bad happens, the frustration remains and can be heightened by knowing that it’s that other party’s fault. That happened to Thomas Robins. He learned about a report created by the “people search engine” Spokeo.com that that contained inaccurate information about himself. Interestingly, the inaccurate information wasn’t harmful in the sense that it generally ascribed positive attributes to Mr. Robins, describing him as married, employed, with a graduate degree and is “relatively affluent.” None of this information turned out to be correct. While most would find these inaccuracies either neutral or even amusing, Mr. Robins was concerned that they might impact his then ongoing job hunt – by suggesting to prospective employers that he was already employed with a high salary – or could impact his credit.
PRINCIPLES OF SHORE PROTECTION FOR THE GREAT LAKES

The Great Lakes region is one of quiet challenge and absorbing interest to the coastal engineer. From the broad pattern of its morphologic history to the detail of its present-day shoreline it presents a fascinating variety of natural phenomena and man-imposed regimen that has controlled and still conditions its shoreline behavior. Many of the features of the behavior pattern and its controls are recognized and subject to beneficial management) some of these are either not recognized or are ignored by coastal experts who should know better; while others are as yet beyond the capabilities of the methods of beneficial management available today.
DEVELOPMENT OF REALISTIC MATHEMATICAL LEARNING DEVELOPMENT OF STATISTICS MATERIAL IN CLASS IX SMP NEGERI 3 PAREPARE

The purpose of this research is to develop learning tools in mathematics learning using realistic mathematics learning in Class IX SMP, with this tool is expected to change the paradigm of learning "centered on teacher" to "student-centered". This research is a research development (Reasearch and Development) which uses qualitative descriptive method, and through development experiments referring to Four-D Thiagarajan model (1994), namely difine, design, develop, and disseminate. The results of the study show that: (1) learning tools developed meet the criteria of valid, practical and effective, (2) the ability of teachers in managing learning "good" category, (3) student activity in effective category, (4) And "positive" teachers, (5) average achievement of learning outcome 73,33 with classical completeness level 87,50%.