cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophin Signaling via Trks and p75

This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of receptor-mediated signaling by the neurotrophins NGF, BDNF, NT3, and NT4/5. Two distinct receptor types have been distinguished, Trks and p75. The Trks are receptor tyrosine kinases that utilize a complex set of substrates and adapter proteins to activate defined secondary signaling cascades required for neurotrophin-promoted neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and survival. A specialized aspect of Trk/neurotrophin action in neurons is the requirement for retrograde signaling from the distal periphery to the cell body. p75 is a universal receptor for neurotrophins that is a member of the TNF receptor/Fas/CD40 superfamily. p75 appears to modify Trk signaling when the two receptor types are coexpressed. When expressed in the absence of Trks, p75 mediates responses to neurotrophins including promotion of apoptotic death. The mechanisms of p75 receptor signaling remain to be fully understood.
Starch gel electrophoresis of certain enzymes from five species of Fomes

The electrophoretic banding patterns of five enzymes (esterase, catechol oxidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase) from eleven isolates of five species of the wood-rotting basidiomycete, Fomes, were subjected to mathematical analysis in order to examine taxonomic relationships. Generally, greater similarity was observed between the banding patterns for isolates of the same species than between those for isolates of different species. The experimental and analytical technique used in this study could be an aid for the determination of taxonomic relationships among these and other fungi.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: when to 'watch and wait,' when and how to treat.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a clinical diagnosis. While BPH is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men, LUTS can signify a number of other disease states. For this reason, the patient evaluation, which includes a digital rectal examination, and careful differential diagnosis are crucial in men with LUTS. Many men with BPH are asymptomatic, and many others are not bothered by their symptoms; watchful waiting is appropriate management for these patients. When symptoms affect quality of life, pharmacologic therapy should be an option; choices include an alpha-blocker, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, or, for men with larger prostates, a combination of the two. Surgical intervention is indicated when BPH leads to other medical complications, including urinary retention and renal insufficiency.
Effects of aluminium on growth and cation uptake in seedlings of Eucalyptus mannifera and Pinus radiata

This experiment was designed to examine the effects of aluminium (Al) on the growth of Pinus radiata (D. Don) and Eucalyptus mannifera subsp. mannifera (Mudie) seedlings in culture solutions in a glasshouse to help explain the failure of radiata pine trees on some acid, low fertility soils in Australia on which the native eucalypts flourish. Aluminium (Al) in culture solution increased the growth of roots and shoots of seedlings of both species but while growth of the eucalypt continued to increase with increases in Al to 2.222 μM, growth of the pine was largest at 370 μM Al. In addition to total root length, specific root length (length per unit dry weight), a measure of fineness of the root, increased in the eucalypt seedlings as the substrate Al increased. Growth of the shoots and roots of the pine in the absence of any added Al was extremely poor suggesting that Al, in low concentrations, may be an essential element or ameliorate some other factors in solution culture at low pH.
Filament proteins in rat optic nerves undergoing wallerian degeneration

Abstract Wallerian degeneration secondary to enucleation of the eyes resulted in marked changes in the polypeptide composition of rat optic nerves as indicated by SDS-PAGE. Filament proteins were identified in the gels by comigration experiments with tubulin, actin, and neurofilament and GFA proteins isolated from buffer extracts of rat spinal cord by immunoaffinity chromatography. Neurofilament protein bands at 72,000 daltons and at approximately 150,000 mol wt had become very weak 7 days after enucleation and could not be identified after 2 weeks. The band comigrating with actin remained essentially unchanged. Two bands became more prominent in blinded rats. One of these bands comigrated with rat GFA protein, 53,000 daltons, and was probably related to fibrous gliosis. It is suggested that the other band at 57,000 daltons may represent vimentin, the subunit of mesenchymal filaments, and that reactive astrocytes accumulate both glia-specific filaments and mesenchymal filaments, as previously demonstrated for neuroglial cells in culture.
Economic performance of ‘weak’ governments and their interaction with central banks and labour: Deficits, economic growth, unemployment and inflation, 1961–1998

. Comparative political economists have conventionally claimed that the strength and stability of governments affect policy making and performance, and that what they call ‘weak governments’– multiparty, minority and short-lived governments – show poorer economic performance. This article tests this and related hypotheses on deficits, economic growth, unemployment and inflation by examining data from 17 OECD countries. I find that there is generally little evidence to indicate that so-called ‘weak governments’, when considered independently, produce poorer performance than strong ones. However, the effects of different government types are partly contingent on central bank independence and labour organization. When central banks are independent, coalition governments exhibit better inflation and economic growth performance than one-party governments, but the opposite happens when central banks are dependent. I attempt an explanation for these relationships. I also find that independent central banks, under certain conditions, lead to lower growth and higher inflation. Thus, some of the benefits of central bank independence are context-specific, depending on other political-economic factors.
Perfusion abnormalities and decision making in cocaine dependence.

Background Previous studies have shown that cocaine abusers have cerebral perfusion deficits that may diminish cognitive functioning. This study examined whether cocaine-dependent patients have perfusion abnormalities associated with poor decision-making ability as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Methods Seventeen abstinent cocaine-dependent patients were administered the IGT after completion of resting 99m Tc-HMPAO single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Results Better IGT performance was negatively correlated with perfusion within the anterior cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus. The time to complete card selections was positively correlated with the severity of impairment. Conclusions Resting hyperperfusion in brain regions previously implicated in decision making and response inhibition was associated with worse IGT scores. Impaired performance was related to a greater amount of time taken for card selections, suggesting that reduced ability was due to cognitive factors other than an impulsive response pattern.
Plasmodium falciparum: Phagocytosis by Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

In Vitro, the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte can recognize and ingest the free forms of Plasmodium falciparum. Digestive vacuoles form about the engulfed organisms. Neither the polymorphonuclear leukocyte nor the monocyte can recognize the parasitized red cell. Phagocytosis of normal or parasitized red cells was not observed.
Coded cooperation using rate-compatible spatially-coupled codes

This paper investigates the use of rate-compatible spatially-coupled codes for coded cooperation. Transmitting to the same destination, two source nodes cooperate to combat block fading; using rate-compatible spatially-coupled codes, one source node relays additional parity-check bits for its partner's latest transmission to provide cooperative diversity at the destination. Different families of spatially-coupled codes are generated by applying the edge spreading technique to several rate-compatible protograph-based block LDPC codes from the literature. Simulation of the outage behavior shows that, using spatially-coupled codes, system performance approaches the theoretical limit, regardless of whether the original underlying block LDPC codes were designed specifically for coded cooperation or not. The same result holds when windowed decoding, instead of decoding across the entire graph, is used to reduce decoding latency.
Upgrading the BCL-2 network.

The BCL-2 oncogene promotes cancer progression by prohibiting cell death. BCL-2-related regulators were once thought to constitute a simple, two-class system of anti-death and pro-death factors. New data delineate a multistep hierarchy of BCL-2-family protein interactions that are driven by signal-dependent pathways.
Explorations in computing: Could this be the key to retention?

Retention has traditionally been an issue in many introductory computing courses and major degree programs. In Fall 2013 we saw an anomaly with particularly high persistence and success rates among students in our majors-only explorations course. A close examination revealed a similarly higher than usual success and persistence rate by our majors in the first programing course they were taking simultaneously with the explorations course. These successes were presumably related to the better than usual retention of first year students within our Department from the first to second semester. This paper presents the curriculum changes and analyses the change in student performance. The relationship between our curriculum changes and what other researchers have observed are examined in an effort to identify the reasons for the increased student persistence. The potential for either a positive or negative interplay between our two courses is also discussed. Insights from these findings that may be of use to others are presented.
The Statistics of Synergism

Biological scientists often want to determine whether two agents or events, for example, extracellular stimuli and/or intracellular signaling pathways, act synergistically when eliciting a biological response. When setting out to study whether two experimental treatments act synergistically, most biologists design the correct experiment--they administer four treatment combinations consisting of (1) the first treatment alone, (2) the second treatment alone, (3) both treatments together, and (4) neither treatment (i.e. the control). Many biologists are less clear about the correct statistical approach to determining whether the data collected in such an experimental design support a conclusion regarding synergism, or lack thereof. The non-additivity of two experimental treatments that is central to the definition of synergism leads to an algebraic formulation corresponding to the statistical null hypothesis appropriate for testing whether or not there is synergism. The resulting complex contrast among the four treatment group means is identical to the interaction effect tested in a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This should not be surprising, because synergism, by definition, occurs when two treatments interact, rather than act independently, to influence a biological response. Hence, in the most readily implemented approach, the correct statistical analysis of a question of synergism is based on testing the interaction effect in a two-way ANOVA. This review presents the rationale for this correct approach to analysing data when the question is of synergism, and applies this approach to a recent published example. In addition, a common incorrect approach to analysing data with regards to synergism is presented. Finally, several associated statistical issues with regard to correctly implementing a two-way ANOVA are discussed.
Sir Joshua Reynolds’ nonliterary, preromantic rhetoric

Sir Joshua Reynolds was a careful rhetorician whose Discourses on Art has often been misunderstood. Taken as art theory, some critics claim the work to be inferior. However, close intrinsic analysis as a rhetorical system reveals the consistency and theoretical superiority of the work. Some critics have missed the fact that Reynolds speaks to three types of audience in his Discourses and thus they read the work as inconsistent. Reynolds’ theory of genius includes the later romantic concept of genius as well as the neoclassical concept. Critics like Hazlitt and Blake miss this twofold conception when they read into the term only their own romantic meaning. Reynolds also argues for a nonliterary aesthetic and rhetoric of all the arts in answer to Burke's notion of the superiority of literature. Hence in contrast to previous communication scholarship, Reynolds’ work is nonliterary and not just “painterly”
HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE CUTICLE OF CESTODES.

Abstract With the aid of nitro blue tetrazolium, the cuticle of four species of cestodes has been shown capable of reducing enzymatically isocitrate, glutamate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate, and lactate. It is considered that this activity resides in the cuticular mitochondria.
Adult Respiratory Distress in Pregnancy: Critical Care Issues

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disease process involving noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, central hypovolemia, widespread atelectasis, and, in the final stages, an inability to perfuse end organs. Uteroplacental perfusion is usually compromised in such situations, which may be catastrophic, depending on the amount of fetal oxygen reserve. ARDS as often preceded by sepsis and frequently ends in maternal death, despite aggressive intervention. Inflammatory responses, complement activation, and prostaglandins have been implicated as probable mediators of both sepsis and ARDS. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring and mechanical ventilation are usually warranted to provide detailed assessment and support. However, when a critical illness affects the family unit, emotional and spiritual issues must receive significant attention to provide holistic care.
Using a Meta-analytic Technique to Assess the Relationship between Treatment Intensity and Program Effects in a Cluster-Randomized Trial

School bullying and delinquent behaviors are persistent and pervasive problems for schools, and have lasting effects for all individuals involved (Copeland et al., JAMA Psychiatry 70:419–426, 2013; Espelage et al., J Res Adolesc 24(2):337–349, 2013a). As a result, policymakers and practitioners have attempted to thwart these ill-effects using school-based interventions. Recent meta-analyses have found, however, that these programs produce only moderate effects (Ttofi and Farrington, J Exp Criminol 7:27–56, 2011). Consequently, it is important to investigate further the reasons for such findings. One promising analysis is to assess the relation between treatment intensity variables and program outcomes. Unfortunately, few treatment intensity variables have been utilized in the school-based prevention literature, and it is often cumbersome to model the relation between treatment intensity and outcomes. The purpose of this project, therefore, is to explicate novel measures of treatment intensity and delineate a relatively new meta-analytic technique to model the relation between the variables and program effects. The context for this project is a large-scale, multi-site, cluster-randomized trial; 36 schools and 3,616 students participated in three waves of data collection. The results indicated that, for the second wave of data collection, stronger treatment effects were found when teachers and program implementers spent a greater amount of time prepping lessons, provided additional financial resources, and received outside consultation and support.
Earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressures on submerged cylindrical storage tanks

Abstract The boundary integral method is utilized to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure distribution on a rigid submerged cylindrical storage tank subjected to horizontal or vertical harmonic ground excitation. The fluid is assumed to be linearly compressible and to undergo small-amplitude, irrotational motion. The vertical axisymmetry of the structure is exploited utilizing a fluid Green's function which is separable in the cylindrical polar coordinate system and so leads in each case to a line integral equation for the fluid velocity potential on the surface of the structure. Numerical results are presented which illustrate the influence of the direction and frequency of ground motion and the body dimensions on the hydrodynamic pressure distribution. For both horizontal and vertical ground excitation, the numerical values from the boundary integral method have been verified by a comparison with those obtained by an eigenfunction expansion approach.
Rebuttal: Relationship of left ventricular hypertrophy, age, and renal artery stenosis

WereceivedtheletterbyBarbaroandcolleagueswithgreat interestandarehappytoclarifysomeofthepointsraised.We agree with them that age likely plays a role in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)in this population.However, arecentsystematic review of 37,700 adult and elderly, both treated and untreated, demonstrated that the prevalence of LVH ranged from 36% to 41%. 1 Our study showed an even higher prevalence of LVH in individuals with renal artery stenosis. They also pointed out that a prior study had demonstrated noreductioninleftventricularmassindexafterrevascularizationofrenalarterystenosis. 2 Thisstudyexcludedsevererenal artery stenosis patients, and the degree of functional stenosis was unclear. However, we would also concur more broadly with Barbaro and colleagues that renal artery stenting has notbeenshowntohavebenefitoverstandardmedicaltherapy for the prevention of clinically important adverse events. 3
6 The AERIS Course: a Focused Abdominal CT Interpretation Course for Abdominal Emergencies Requiring Immediate Surgery

Emergency physicians rely heavily on CT scanning to guide their clinical decisions. A significant number of EDs do not have radiology coverage, especially at night, so the EM physician may be called on to interpret their own CT scans to guide patient management. Many EM physicians look at their CT scans but have never had any formal training. Especially in the setting of acute surgical emergencies such as expanding abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), ruptured spleen or perforated viscus, delay for a radiologist interpretation may result in significant morbidity and mortality. In a collaboration between emergency medicine and radiology, our team created a systematic approach to abdominal CT interpretation designed to help EM physicians perform wet reads on CT scans in the setting of acute surgical emergencies. First, a general survey is done covering all of the important organs such as the aorta, liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas, stomach and bowel, then a focused scan into the suspected pathology. We put this system onto a Power Point presentation. The two hour presentation covered basic CT anatomic pathology then taught the presentations of common surgical emergencies such as appendicitis, nephrolithiasis and surgical catastrophes such as ruptured AAAs and mesenteric ischemia. The Abdominal Emergencies Requiring Immediate Surgery (AERIS) scan is only intended to be a focused scan for acute surgical pathology, and not to replace the diagnostic scan of a radiologist. This course was given at a single University program, and will be given at residency programs throughout the New York metro area. Eventually we hope that focused CT interpretation will become part of the standardized EM curriculum.
Cytoplasmic filaments and associated Lucké viruses in the frog renal adenocarcinoma.

The morphology and possible functional significance of cytoplasmic filaments associated with herpes-like viruses of the frog renal carcinoma is described. Filaments, invariability arranged in elongated bundles or sheaths, individually measure approximately 30 mμ in diameter, and are composed of finely granular, proteinaceous material. During the viral maturation sequence, this material is believed to be deposited on the surface of the capsid, thereby possibly providing the virus with a defensive coating prior to ergression from the cell.
New sauropod dinosaur material from Jones Ranch: a large Comanchean nonmammalian tetrapod from Texas

New sauropod dinosaur material is described from Jones Ranch, Early Cretaceous of Texas (USA). Originally described as Paluxysaurus jonesi, the material from Jones Ranch has recently been referred to Sauroposeidon proteles. Elements newly prepared from dense concretionary matrix include the sacrum, ilium and proximal portion of the tail. Reconstructions of the skull and sacrum plus pelvic girdles are presented. 'Paluxysaurus jonesi '( ¼ S. proteles) is a blunt-faced sauro- pod that was originally regarded as closely related to Brachiosaurus. Portions of the sacrum are now exposed and show that it is nearly complete, missing only parts of the first sacral (S1). The anterior sacrals are firmly fused, however, a newly discovered opisthocoelous last sacral (S6) remains unfused. A complete sequence of proximal caudal vertebrae shows a rapid transition from anteroposteriorly short and mediolaterally broad centra anteriorly, to more elongate cylindrical centra posteriorly. All proximal caudals have slightly amphicoelous centra. Some middle anterior caudals have a shallow longitudinal groove on the ventral surface of the centrum. Specimens from Jones Ranch exhibit characters of the sacrum and tail that clearly corroborate placement of 'P. jonesi ' (Sauroposeidon proteles) as a somphospondylan titanosauriform.
Predictors of job satisfaction, job stress, and job commitment in family day care☆

Abstract Three hundred eighty family day-care providers responded to a questionnaire examining three aspects of family day-care provider's job attitudes (job stress, satisfaction, and commitment) as they relate to providers' personal characteristics, program characteristics, and child-rearing preferences. Results showed that personal characteristics predicted job stress and satisfaction whereas a combination of personal and program characteristics predicted job commitment. Perceived social support predicted all three aspects of a provider's job attitudes. Providers who perceived more social support were more likely to be satisfied with their work. They also perceived less job stress and were more committed to their jobs. Data are discussed in light of Jorde-Bloom's (1986) ecological framework.
Neuroanatomical Correlates of Developmental Dyscalculia: Combined Evidence from Morphometry and Tractography

Poor mathematical abilities adversely affect academic and career opportunities. The neuroanatomical basis of developmental dyscalculia (DD), a specific learning deficit with prevalence rates exceeding 5%, is poorly understood. We used structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine macro- and micro-structural impairments in 7-9 year old children with DD, compared to a group of typically developing (TD) children matched on age, gender, intelligence, reading abilities and working memory capacity. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) revealed reduced grey matter (GM) bilaterally in superior parietal lobule, intra-parietal sulcus, fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and right anterior temporal cortex in children with DD. VBM analysis also showed reduced white matter (WM) volume in right temporal-parietal cortex. DTI revealed reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in this WM region, pointing to significant right hemisphere micro-structural impairments. Furthermore, FA in this region was correlated with numerical operations but not verbal mathematical reasoning or word reading. Atlas-based tract mapping identified the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and caudal forceps major as key pathways impaired in DD. DTI tractography suggests that long-range WM projection fibers linking the right fusiform gyrus with temporal-parietal WM are a specific source of vulnerability in DD. Network and classification analysis suggest that DD in children may be characterized by multiple dysfunctional circuits arising from a core WM deficit. Our findings link GM and WM abnormalities in children with DD and they point to macro- and micro-structural abnormalities in right hemisphere temporal-parietal WM, and pathways associated with it, as key neuroanatomical correlates of DD.
Two Naturally Occurring α2,6-Sialyltransferase Forms with a Single Amino Acid Change in the Catalytic Domain Differ in Their Catalytic Activity and Proteolytic Processing

The alpha2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) is a Golgi glycosyltransferase that adds sialic acid residues to glycoprotein N-linked oligosaccharides. Here we show that two forms of alpha2,6-sialyltransferase are expressed by the liver and are encoded by two different RNAs that differ by a single nucleotide. The ST tyr possesses a Tyr at amino acid 123, whereas the ST cys possesses a Cys at this position. The ST tyr is more catalytically active than the ST cys; however, both are functional when introduced into tissue culture cells. The proteolytic processing and turnover of the ST tyr and ST cys proteins differ dramatically. The ST cys is retained intact in COS-1 cells, whereas the ST tyr is rapidly cleaved and secreted. Analysis of the N-linked oligosaccharides of these proteins demonstrates that both proteins enter the late Golgi. However, differences in ST tyr and ST cys proteolytic processing may be related to differences in their localization, because ST tyr but not ST cys is expressed at low levels on the cell surface. The possibility that the ST tyr is cleaved in a post-Golgi compartment is supported by the observation that a 20 degrees C temperature block, which stops protein transport in the trans Golgi network, blocks both cleavage and secretion of the ST tyr.
Management of esophageal perforations: the value of aggressive surgical treatment.

Abstract Background The treatment of esophageal perforation remains controversial, particularly in terms of the type of operative therapy. This report analyzed results of an aggressive treatment protocol. Methods Patients with esophageal perforations in a normal esophagus or those with a motor disorder were treated by operative closure. All defects were buttressed or closed by either muscle or pleura. Sternocleidomastoid muscle was used to buttress or primarily close the defects in the neck, and a flap of diaphragm was often used for thoracic perforation. Patients with perforated cancer or severe underlying disease had an esophagectomy. Results Sixty-four patients had operation: 50 underwent preservation of the esophagus after closure of the perforation and 14 underwent resection. The leak rate was 17%, but all healed. One patient treated with primary closure died (1.5% mortality); only 1 patient required subsequent esophagectomy. Thirteen of 14 patients treated with esophagectomy had an excellent result. Conclusion The aggressive approach to esophageal perforations with attempt at uniform closure or resection of severe disease produced excellent results with reduced morbidity and low mortality.
Congruently-melting compounds of CaF2 · rcRF3☆

Abstract The composition was determined in congruently-melting CaF2 · rcRF3, where R represents either Y or the lanthanons with atomic number Z(R) ≥ Z(Gd). The stoichiometry number rc is not an integer or a ratio of simple integers. Among the lanthanons, rc decreases with increasing Z(R). The resulting crystals all show the hexagonal (LaF3) structure.
PROGESTATIONAL ACTIVITY OF 17-α-METHYL-19-NOR-TESTOSTERONE

The progestational activity of methyloestrenolone and progesterone have boon compared in immature female rabbits, using McPhail's method. Small doses of either drug, when given intramuscularly result in endometrial hyporplasia of equal amount. However, larger doses of progesterone result in greater endometrial hypertrophy than similar doses of methyloestrenolone.
A subcortical correlate of P300 in man

Abstract Event-related potentials in visual and auditory target detection tasks were recorded simultaneously from the scalp, somatosensory thalamus and periaqueductal gray in a chronic pain patient with electrodes implanted subcortically for therapeutic purposes. Short latency tactile responses confirmed the location of the thalamic electrodes. Rare auditory stimuli which were detected by the subject were accompanied by a prominent P300 component at the scalp, and by negative activity at the subcortical sites with the same latency as the scalp positivity. This activity was not seen in responses to frequent non-target stimuli and was not dependent on an overt motor response. Similarly, rare visual stimuli generated a scalp P300 and negative activity subcortically; both scalp and subcortical waves had a longer latency than in the auditory experiment. The reaction time was similarly longer to visual targets. These data are inconsistent with a hippocampal generator for P300, but are consistent with a generator in the thalamus or more dorsally located structures.
μ -Mesonic Molecules in Liquid Hydrogen

Muon catalysis of the reaction p + d yields He/sup 3/ + Q (5.4 Mev) is studied in order to obtain information on the reaction mu /sup -/ + p yields n + nu in liquid hydrogen. Obseration of the molecular systems p mu p and p mu d and measurement of the fusion rate initiated in an s state are thus facilitated. The yield of fusion gamma from pure hydrogen is measured as a function of time relative to mu stopping at six D concentrations. (L.N.N.)
Gender differences in service quality expectations in the fast food industry.

Abstract Services marketers can influence the evaluation of service quality by “managing” customer expectations. Expectations can also provide insights into market segmentation strategies. Gender is often used as a segmentation variable since it is easily identifiable, accessible, and profitable. The purpose of this study was to examine if there are any gender-based differences in the expectations of service quality in the fast food industry. Hypotheses on gender differences in expectations were tested by an ANOVA, where the composite scores of each of the five dimensions of fast food service were used as dependent variables. The expectations of women were significantly higher than men in four of the five dimensions of fast food service quality.
Proteomic Analysis of Serum Associated Fucosylated Glycoproteins in the Development of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Changes in N-linked glycosylation are known to occur during the development of cancer. For example, increased branching of oligosaccharides has been associated with metastasis and has been correlated to tumor progression in human cancers of the breast, colon and melanomas. Increases in core fucosylation have also been associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus is associated with more than 55% of all cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. We show here that increased levels of core fucosylation can be observed via glycan analysis of total serum and are associated with the development of HCC. In a blinded study, the serum glycoproteins derived from people diagnosed with HBV induced liver cancer were found to possess a dramatically higher level of fucosylation. This change occurs on both immunoglobulin molecules and on other serum glycoproteins. Targeted glycoproteomic analysis was used to identify those glycoproteins that are hyperfucosylated in cancer. In total, 19 proteins were found to be hyperfucosylated in cancer. The potential of these proteins as biomarkers of cancer is discussed.
FULMINATING PULMONARY NOCARDIOSIS.

SUMMARY 1.Nocardiosis is a chronic infection of skin, lung, and brain caused in almost all cases by Nocardia asteroides. 2.A fatal case of pulmonary nocardiosis which probably developed while on antibiotic therapy is reported. 3.The mycology, pathology and clinical picture are reviewed. 4.Sulfadiazine in a dose of 4 to 6 gm. daily is the drug of choice and should probably be combined with a broad-spectrum antibiotic. 5.Surgical drainage is a necessary concomitant in the presence of abscesses and empyema.
Going Home for All Tomorrow’s Parties: Indie Culture, the Borscht Belt, and the Romance of Ruins

In 2008 it was announced that All Tomorrow’s Parties, an independent music festival originating in the United Kingdom, would make its first ever appearance in the Eastern United States at Kutsher’s Country Club in Monticello, New York. As a diehard indie music fan who happens to have grown up in Monticello and spent a good part of my youth navigating Kutsher’s in various roles, this particular harmonic convergence of Borscht Belt culture and indie culture served as an opportunity for reflection, remembrance, and ethnographic investigation. In this article I watch, wander, converse, and dust off old diaries and photos, tacking between multiple roles as music maven, lapsed Jew, and upstate yokel, trying to make sense of indie’s mining of the past for authentic experience and of my own ambivalent quest for a home in modernity.
W-Hf isotope abundances and the early origin and evolution of the Earth-Moon system

Abstract The decay of the short-lived isotope 182Hf to the isotope 182W early in solar system history provides clues to the origin and evolution of the Earth and Moon. Current time-scales for the formation of proto-planets in the solar system require early accretion of the proto-Earth, accompanied with core formation, which should lead to non-chondritic radiogenic W isotope ratios (182W/184W) in the Earth’s mantle. Surprisingly, the observed ratio of 182W/184W in the Earth’s mantle is chondritic, which requires special circumstances to explain Halliday et al 1996 , Lee and Halliday 1997 , Lee et al 1997 . Previous explanations include delayed core formation until 50 M yrs. after the origin of the solar system, or a very long time-scale for accretion of the Earth Halliday et al 1996 , Lee and Halliday 1997 , Lee et al 1997 . In this paper, we explore models consistent with the early formation of the proto-Earth, a giant impact origin of the Moon, and substantial additional accretion to the Earth following the impact. The post-impact processes responsible for the chondritic W isotopes may include late core-mantle equilibration in the hot Earth following the giant impact, and later metal segregation and accretion. In contrast to the Earth, various igneous rocks on the Moon exhibit non-chondritic, positive anomalies in the ratio of 182W/184W. The explanation for the lunar samples with chondritic W isotopes may also involve late metal segregation and accretion, as in the Earth. The positive anomalies in lunar samples may be derived in part or whole through cosmogenic processes on the lunar surface, Hf-W fractionation during core formation, or Hf-W fractionation during lunar magma ocean crystallization. If the latter, the positive anomaly places constraints on the early differentiation of the lunar mantle and the duration of the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean. The observed W-Hf systematics are best explained if the W anomalies are carried by late-crystallizing ilmenite and high-Ca pyroxene, which is later mixed into the source regions of the mare basalts. In this model, the crystallization of the magma ocean must occur in less than 40 million years. This rapid crystallization implies that the very early lunar crust was not as stable and insulating as previously suggested, and that the fundamental change from magmasphere to serial magmatism processes occurred very early in the evolution of the Moon.
High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Investigation of the Defect Structure in CdMnTe Layers Grown on GaAs by MOCVD

Electron diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy were used for analysis of Cd 1−x Mn x Te films grown on (100)2°[011] GaAs substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at 420°C (x=O.3) and 450°C (x=0.5). It has been found that these two conditions produce dramatically different microstructures. Two orientation relationships of the epilayers with respect to the substrate were observed. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be related to GaAs substrate surface morphology.
Reversible Cation Response with a Protein-Modified Nanopipette

The calcium ion response of a quartz nanopipette was enhanced by immobilization of calmodulin to the nanopore surface. Binding to the analyte is rapidly reversible in neutral buffer and requires no change in media or conditions to regenerate the receptor. The signal remained reproducible over numerous measurements. The modified nanopipette was used to measure binding affinity to calcium ions, with a Kd of 6.3 ± 0.8 × 10–5 M. This affinity is in good agreement with reported values of the solution-state protein. The behavior of such reversible nanopore-based sensors can be used to study proteins in a confined environment and may lead to new devices for continuous monitoring.
Activity of neurons in cortical area 3a during maintenance of steady postures by the monkey.

Vallbo has reported 7 a positive correlation between spindle discharge frequency and torque produced during isometric contraction of finger muscles, indicating gamma-efferent control of muscle spindle sensitivity in close relation to voluntary muscle contraction. Area 3a of the cerebral cortex is known to be one projection site of muscle spindle afferents 2. Massive inputs from these receptors, especially from primary endings, have been described a-5, but relatively little is known as to how neuronal discharge in area 3a is modulated by these inputs in the course of normal movement. The present experiment was carried out to determine the extent to which discharge of neurons in area 3a reflects muscle length and/or muscle tension when an animal maintains different postures while supporting different loads. Prior to single cell recording, a monkey (Macaca mulatta) was trained to grasp a movable handle and position it in a correct zone which was signaled by a lamp. The monkey's right wrist and elbow were held fixed in plastic tubes so that the task was performed with flexion-extension movements at the wrist joint. As the monkey gained proficiency in this task, the correct zone was progressively narrowed to about 2 ° of the wrist joint. It was required that the monkey held the handle in the zone for 3.5-6 sec in order to receive a reward of fruit juice. After each reward, the correct zone was shifted randomly to one of 4 zones which demanded that the wrist joint be extended to either about 15 ° or 30 ° or flexed to either 15 ° or 30 ° from a neutral position, and the monkey had to search for the new correct zone with the aid of the white lamp. An external steady load varying from 40 to 100 g was then applied to the handle by a torque motor which opposed either flexion or extension of the wrist. A brief (100 msec) torque pulse was sometimes applied to the handle in order to observe neuronal responses to phasic stretch or brief unloading of muscles. The recording technique for single cortical units during task performance has been described previously 1. Stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted in median, radial and ulnar nerves in the right brachial plexus. Low threshold cortical unitary discharges to the nerve stimulus (at !.3 times threshold for the evoked potential in the cortex) and characteristic neural responses to natural stimulation, namely to
Alphabet Knowledge in Preschool: A Rasch Model Analysis.

Abstract In this study, we used Rasch model analyses to examine (1) the unidimensionality of the alphabet knowledge construct and (2) the relative difficulty of different alphabet knowledge tasks (uppercase letter recognition, names, and sounds, and lowercase letter names) within a sample of preschoolers (n = 335). Rasch analysis showed that the four components of alphabet knowledge did work together as a unidimensional construct, indicating all alphabet tasks administered were measuring the same underlying skill. With regard to difficulty of tasks, letter recognition was easier than letter naming, which in turn was easier than letter sounds, and uppercase letter names were easier than lowercase letter names. Most notably, most of the alphabet tasks overlapped, and the Rasch models for the single tasks were no more reliable than the combined measure. This suggests that these alphabetic tasks do not measure distinct skills but are instead indicators of a single ability. Consequently, we support the conceptualization of alphabet knowledge as a unitary construct, and suggest that those assessing and teaching alphabet knowledge in preschool use tests and methods that combine the various alphabetic tasks rather than separating them. These combined assessments will be more likely to capture the range of abilities within a preschool sample and avoid the floor and ceiling effects that have so often complicated early literacy research.
Quantum action-angle variables for harmonic oscillators

Abstract The well-known difficulties of defining a phase operator of an oscillator, caused by the lower bound on the number operator, is overcome by enlarging the physical Hilbert space by means of a spin-like, two-valued quantum number. On the enlarged space a phase representation exists on which trigonometric functions of the phase are numbers, and the “number of quanta” is a differential operator. Physical results are recovered by projection on the “upper components.” Coherent states, indeterminacy relations, as well as generalizations to other Hamiltonians, including the quantum analog of the quasi-periodic case, are discussed.
Variability of cadmium-109 uptake in rats as affected by route of administration and manner of expressing results.

Under the conditions of this experiment, variability in the cadmium content of liver and kidney, as measured by the coefficient of variation, was the same for both intraperitoneal and intravenous injection. For spleen, intravenous injection gave less variability.
Light promotion of hypocotyl gravitropism of a starch-deficient tobacco mutant correlates with plastid enlargement and sedimentation

Dark-grown hypocotyls of a starch-deficient mutant (NS458) of tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) lack amyloplasts and plastid sedimentation, and have severely reduced gravitropism. However, gravitropism improved dramatically when NS458 seedlings were grown in the light. To determine the extent of this improvement and whether mutant hypocotyls contain sedimented amyloplasts, gravitropic sensitivity (induction time and intermittent stimulation) and plastid size and position in the endodermis were measured in seedlings grown for 8 d in the light. Light-grown NS458 hypocotyls were gravitropic but were less sensitive than the wild type (WT). Starch occupied 10% of the volume of NS458 plastids grown in both the light and the dark, whereas WT plastids were essentially filled with starch in both treatments. Light increased plastid size twice as much in the mutant as in the WT. Plastids in light-grown NS458 were sedimented, presumably because of their larger size and greater total starch content. The induction by light of plastid sedimentation in NS458 provides new evidence for the role of plastid mass and sedimentation in stem gravitropic sensing. Because the mutant is not as sensitive as the WT, NS458 plastids may not have sufficient mass to provide full gravitropic sensitivity.
Stimulus properties of varied food concentrations

Eleven mixtures of Noyes sucrose and standard food pellets were used as discriminative stimuli to control responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 fixed-interval 2 min. schedule of reinforcement. In rats, response rates following each pellet concentration were controlled by the presence of the larger proportion of sucrose or standard food. Loss of discriminative control occurred when pellets composed of .50 sucrose and .50 standard food preceded the schedule components. Discrimination reversals developed when the pellet concentration of the original training food was less than .50.
Three-dimensional polarization ray-tracing calculus II: retardance

The concept of retardance is critically analyzed for ray paths through optical systems described by a three-by-three polarization ray-tracing matrix. Algorithms are presented to separate the effects of retardance from geometric transformations. The geometric transformation described by a “parallel transport matrix” characterizes nonpolarizing propagation through an optical system, and also provides a proper relationship between sets of local coordinates along the ray path. The proper retardance is calculated by removing this geometric transformation from the three-by-three polarization ray-tracing matrix. Two rays with different ray paths through an optical system can have the same polarization ray-tracing matrix but different retardances. The retardance and diattenuation of an aluminum-coated three fold-mirror system are analyzed as an example.
Changes in blood chemistry in rats following electrically-induced seizures.

SummarySevere respiratory and metabolic acidosis, accompanied by increases in plas lactate, phosphate and sodium concentrations, occur in rats following maximal electrically-induced seizures. Recovery is complete in 40 minutes. It is suggested that the profound chemical changes occurring during the seizure may contribute to the post-ictal depression.
THE CONSERVATIVE COALITION IN A NEW ERA: REGIONALISM AND IDEOLOGY

Although never constituting a majority in either chamber of Congress, the South's representatives have shown remarkable prowess in blocking liberal legislation. This reality was central to Key's conceptualization of a conservative coalition in 1949 and to Congressional Quarterly's development of a conservative coalition index in 1957. Since these events, the South stopped sending a homogenous delegation of white male Democrats to Congress. Due to the inclusion of Republicans and minorities in the South's congressional delegation, a re-examination of the way we learn about the region's legislative influence is needed. In this paper we propose two variations of CQ's model that allow us to more accurately explore the longitudinal influence of the South in Congress.
Linear-optical hyperentanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting code

We propose a linear-optical implementation of a hyperentanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting code. The code is hyperentanglement assisted because the shared entanglement resource is a photonic state hyperentangled in polarization and orbital angular momentum. It is possible to encode, decode, and diagnose channel errors using linear-optical techniques. The code corrects for polarization ``flip'' errors and is thus suitable only for a proof-of-principle experiment. The encoding and decoding circuits use a Knill-Laflamme-Milburn-like scheme for transforming polarization and orbital angular momentum photonic qubits. A numerical optimization algorithm finds a unit-fidelity encoding circuit that requires only three ancilla modes and has success probability equal to 0.0097.
The Locus of Union Control in Collective Bargaining

Problem and plan of the paper, 513. — I. National control of bargaining at the subordinate level: historical, 514; nature of the control, (a) formal constitutional limitations, 515; (b) intervention of the National office, 517. — determining factors of National control: structure of the product market, 520; non-market forces, 523. — Effects of National control, 524. — II. Formulation of demands: importance, 529; the local level, 529; the regional level, 530; the National level, 531. — III. The negotiating personnel and its powers: make-up of the personnel, 532; powers of the negotiators, 537; analytical implications, (1) "soundness" of bargains, 539; (2) other relevant variables, 540; (3) sub-committees, 541. — IV. Cooperative action among unions, 542. — Summary and conclusions, 544.