cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Be(e)coming experts: The controversy over insecticides in the honey bee colony collapse disorder

In this article, we explore the politics of expertise in an ongoing controversy in the United States over the role of certain insecticides in colony collapse disorder - a phenomenon involving mass die-offs of honey bees. Numerous long-time commercial beekeepers contend that newer systemic agricultural insecticides are a crucial part of the cocktail of factors responsible for colony collapse disorder. Many scientists actively researching colony collapse disorder reject the beekeepers' claims, citing the lack of conclusive evidence from field experiments by academic and industry toxicologists. US Environmental Protection Agency regulators, in turn, privilege the latters' approach to the issue, and use the lack of conclusive evidence of systemic insecticides' role in colony collapse disorder to justify permitting these chemicals to remain on the market. Drawing on semistructured interviews with key players in the controversy, as well as published documents and ethnographic data, we show how a set of research norms and practices from agricultural entomology came to dominate the investigation of the links between pesticides and honey bee health, and how the epistemological dominance of these norms and practices served to marginalize the knowledge claims and policy positions of commercial beekeepers in the colony collapse disorder controversy. We conclude with a discussion of how the colony collapse disorder case can help us think about the nature and politics of expertise.
An association between the lysosomal enzyme NAG and urinary free cortisol and platelet imipramine binding

Urinary levels of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) were significantly correlated to levels of 24-hour urinary free cortisol in a group of panic disordered patients. In a separate study of healthy controls NAG levels showed a trend toward association with platelet imipramine binding density. A hypothesis is proposed that NAG levels may be proportional to the density of postsynaptic serotonin receptors.
The integration of simulation and reality for education enhancement and training

Quite often, when engineers are exposed to a manufacturing environment on the job for the first time, they undergo a baptism by fire. The environment forces them to deal with situations that integrate many different bodies of knowledge. Reliance on concepts acquired in the academic environment is crucial to their success. Unfortunately, lacking in most academic environments, is any experience through which some or all of these concepts are integrated. In a continuing effort to enhance educational practices in Manufucturing/Systems Engineering programs and perhaps improve the preparedness of a young engineer, the CITE (Computer Integrated Technological Enterprise) tool offers educators a mechanism through which several important concepts can be integrated and presented to students in a meaningful way. >
A new metachromatic stain technique for paraffin‐embedded neural tissue using thionin

A metachromatic staining procedure which differentiates Nissl substance in neuron cell bodies, neuropil area, and axonic fibres of passage with distinct colours with no counterstaining has been developed for paraffin-embedded tissue utilizing thionin stain. Frozen sections of neural tissue fixed in formalin may also be satisfactorily stained by this procedure, and both paraffin-embedded and frozen sections have been found to retain the distinct colours for a year with little fading. Since metachromatic staining of paraffin-embedded neural tissue has not been successfully achieved before, the following procedure will be especially valuable for studying small vertebrate brains, or other central nervous tissue which must be processed by the paraffin method.
Peer Relationship Profiles and Motivation in Youth Sport

The purpose of this study was to (a) describe peer relationship profiles of youth sport participants and (b) assess the motivational salience of these profiles by examining profile group differences on sport motivation-related variables. Youth sport camp participants (N = 243) ages 10 to 14 years (M = 11.8, SD = 1.2) completed a multisection questionnaire that contained sport-contextualized measures of perceived friendship quality (positive, conflict), perceived peer acceptance, perceived competence, enjoyment, anxiety, self-presentational concerns, and self-determined motivation. The positive friendship quality, friendship conflict, and peer acceptance responses were cluster-analyzed, yielding five peer relationship profiles that were consistent with expectations based on previous research (i.e., Seidman et al., 1999). Profile differences were obtained for all motivation-related variables and were in theoretically consistent directions. Those young athletes categorized in more adaptive peer relationship ...
Purification of pea enation mosaic virus from its pea aphid vector, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and aphid-transmission characteristics.

Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) was purified from pea aphids by a system involving chloroform-butanol emulsification, differential centrifugation, and density gradient centrifugation. The product was highly infectious when transmitted to pea plants by pea aphids, and it was extracted in sufficiently high concentration to be monitored in centrifuged sucrose columns with a UV scanner. Electron micrographs showed that purified preparations contained an abundance of virus particles that measured ca. 27 nm in diameter and were indistinguishable from those isolated from infected plants. No virus particles were detected in preparations of nonviruliferous aphids, and no infectivity was obtained from these preparations in either aphid or mechanical transmission tests. Virus purified from an aphid source was established in pea plants by mechanical transmission and compared as to aphid-transmissibility with a virus line from a plant source; both lines were initiated with the same PEMV strain. The aphid-source virus line was transmitted by pea aphid first-stage nymphs with significantly (P < 0.05) higher efficiency than the plant-source virus line after 1- and 4-hr acquisition-access periods, and it was transmitted with characteristics superior to those previously recorded for PEMV-pea aphid relationships. First-instar pea aphids were 95.8% efficient in transmission of the aphid-source virus after only a 4-hr acquisition-access period on infected pea plants. The virus line when acquired from infected plants had a median latent period (LP50) in the first instar of only 5.7 hr.
Sequential segmental analysis - description and categorization for the millennium

The concept of sequential analysis of congenitally malformed hearts is now widely accepted, although some aspects remain controversial. In this review, we analyse the evolution of the scgmental approach, showing how our own concepts of analysis have chaanged little since our initial description, heart dicrates the presence of the atrial, ventriclar, and arterial segments, Analysis depends upon recognizing the morphologic differences of the components within each segment, and then how these parts are joined together across the atrioventicular and ventriculo-arterial Junctions. The distinction of chambers and arterial trunks follows the principle of the morphologic method, namely that scructures be identified on the basis of their own intrinsic morphology, and not according to other features which themselves might be variable. Differentiation of junctional arrangements as opposed to segmental stucture resolves ongoing controversics such as the nature of “univentricular hearts”.Analysis in the fashion proposed shows that there is nothing intrinsically complicated with malformed hearts.
A different two-level game: foreign policy officials' personal networks and coordinated policy innovation

ABSTRACTA well-known approach to modeling international relations treats them as a two-level game played by national governments and international organizations, in which they negotiate with one another while coping with internal constraints on their action posed by domestic politics or organizational governance. Officials in these organizations can play a different two-level game, arising from their simultaneous negotiations within their personal transnational networks and their official duties in their host organizations. In each domain, they can act in ways that improves their outcomes in the other one – informal understandings facilitate subsequent formal agreement, while actions taken within their organizations implement and cement what had been negotiated informally. Multi-organizational innovation can thus be coordinated even in the absence of formal action to do so. This process is illustrated through an examination of the role of an informal transnational network in the shifting of the policies o...
The Case for a Managerial Duty to Ensure Adequate Corporate Capitalization

The corporate tort problem was cited in recent literature as a reason for abolishing the limited liability of shareholders for corporate debts. This paper suggests dealing with this problem by imposing a duty on corporate managers to ensure that corporations managed by them are adequately capitalized to cope with their expected tort liabilities. The paper describes how such a duty would operate and compares it to several other possible rules such as unlimited shareholder liability for corporate debts and minimum capital requirements.
Guidance, Navigation and Control System Design for a Tri-Propeller VTOL UAV

(Abstract) In this paper, we present the design and development of the guidance, navigation and control (GNC) system of a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) unmanned air vehicle (UAV) based on a six degrees of freedom (6DOF) nonlinear dynamic model. The VTOL UAV is equipped with three propellers for vertical thrust, and thrust differential is used for 3DOF attitude control actuation. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation testing of the 6DOF control algorithm is presented, which verifies the trajectory linearization control (TLC) algorithm. Hardware and software implementation of the flight controller, ground command station and onboard navigation sensors are also discussed.
Is Migraine Headache Associated with Concussion in Athletes? A Case-Control Study (P02.230)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between migraine headache and concussion in athletes. Background Sport related concussion is widely recognized as a major public health issue in the United States and worldwide. Sports medicine providers have recently recognized the value of an individualized approach to concussion management, and now take many risk factors including an athlete9s age, gender, and prior concussion history into account during a concussion assessment. Migraine headache has been suggested as an additional risk factor for concussion, but the association between migraine headache and sport related concussion remains poorly defined. Design/Methods: Case-control observational study. Athletes aged 12-24 years presenting as new patients to the University of Michigan MedSport and NeuroSport clinics were eligible to participate. Cases were those patients seen in the sports neurology clinic for concussion, while controls were orthopedic patients seen for musculoskeletal injuries. Presence of migraine headache was defined by self-report of previous clinician diagnosis or a positive response to the ID Migraine Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between concussion and migraine headache. Results: 115 cases with concussion (33% female) and 106 non-concussed control subjects (41% female) participated in this study. 57% of cases and 29% of controls had a prior history of concussion (p Conclusions: These results suggest that migraine headache may be a risk factor for concussion in athletes. However, a true cause-effect relationship cannot be inferred from these data, especially given the significantly higher prevalence of prior concussion in cases as compared to controls. Additional prospective research is needed to further clarify the nature of this association. Disclosure: Dr. Eckner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kutcher has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as a participant on a data safety monitoring board. Dr. Weisberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zeiger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Broglio has nothing to disclose.
Fill ‘Er Up

We stated earlier that market prices are determined by both demand and scarcity. In this chapter we will explore the determinants of consumer and producer demand, and show how this demand affects commodities differently. Let’s begin with the nature of a demand curve, and differentiate between the demand by an individual and the demand for an entire market.
Virtual Putty: Reshaping the Physical Footprint of Virtual Machines.

Virtualization is a key technology underlying cloud computing platforms, where applications encapsulated within virtual machines are dynamically mapped onto a pool of physical servers. In this paper, we argue that cloud providers can significantly lower operational costs, and improve hosted application performance, by accounting for affinities and conflicts between co-placed virtual machines. We show how these affinities can be inferred using location-independent VM characterizations called virtual footprints, and then show how these virtual footprints can be used to reshape the physical footprint of a VM—its physical resource consumption—to achieve higher VM consolidation and application performance in a cloud environment. We also identify three general principles for minimizing a virtual machine’s physical footprint, and discuss challenges in applying these principles in practice.
Vibrational mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy using a fiber laser probe: asymptotic limit in signal-to-baseline contrast

We report on a mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy system with a near-infrared fiber probe laser and a tunable quantum cascade pump laser. Photothermal spectra of a 6 μm-thick 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal sample are measured with a signal-to-baseline contrast above 103. As both the peak photothermal signal and the corresponding baseline increase linearly with probe power, the signal-to-baseline contrast converges to an asymptotic limit for a given pump power. This limit is independent of the probe power and characterizes the best contrast achievable for the system. This enables sensitive quantitative spectral characterization of linear infrared absorption features directly from photothermal spectroscopy measurements.
On the inheritance of orbifold substructures

Abstract In a previous article, we defined a very flexible notion of suborbifold and characterized those suborbifolds which can arise as the images of orbifold embeddings. In particular, suborbifolds are images of orbifold embeddings precisely when they are saturated and split. This article addresses the problem of orbifold structure inheritance for three orbifolds Q ⊂ P ⊂ O . We identify an appealing but ultimately inadequate notion of an inherited canonical orbifold substructure. In particular, we give a concrete example where the orbifold structure of Q is canonically inherited from P , and the orbifold structure of P is canonically inherited from O , but the orbifold structure of Q is not canonically inherited from O . On the other hand, it is easy to see that when Q is embedded in P , and P is embedded in O , all of the canonical inherited orbifold substructures will agree. We also investigate the property of saturation in this context, and give an example of a suborbifold with the canonical orbifold substructure that is not saturated.
Second generation expert system explanation

Explanation has long been cited as one of the key advantages of the expert system methodology. Most current approaches to expert system explanation view explanation as an “add-on” to the expert system’s domain problem solving. This is in direct conflict with findings on human explanation. For humans, explanation is a complex problem-solving process of reconstructing an explanation based on a partial memory of the problem-solving episodes. Further, this process of explanation is at the same level as the original domain problem solving; working on the current state to reconstruct a plausible explanation. Recently, a new direction has emerged in expert systems, namely the study of second generation expert systems. These new expert systems view domain problem solving as an interaction and combination of several explicit reasoning processes or representations (i.e., causal, heuristic, planning). This chapter discusses two related projects that investigate the natural role of explanation in such second generation expert systems.
Thoracoscopic Lobectomy in Infants and Children Utilizing a 5 mm Stapling Device.

Abstract Purpose: Thoracoscopic lobectomy for congenital cystic lung disease has become an accepted and in many institutions the preferred technique. However, the technical challenges are many. Previous endoscopic staplers (12 mm) used commonly in adults are too large for use in infants This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of using a 5 mm stapling device to seal and divide major pulmonary structures. Methods: From July 2014 to March 2016, 26 patients of age 6 weeks to 13 months underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy for CPAM or sequestration. Weights ranged from 3.2 to 11.4 kg. There were 7 upper lobectomies, 2 middle, and 17 lower lobectomies. In each case, the 5 mm stapler (Justright Surgical; Louisville, Colorado) was the primary device for vessel and bronchial sealing and division. It is 4.8 mm in diameter with an anvil length of 25 mm and lays down four rows of staples and divides between them. A 3 mm sealing device was used for dissection and to take smaller segmental vessels as necessary. Stump ...
Face recognition based on modular histogram of oriented directional features

This paper presents an illumination invariant face recognition system that uses local directional pattern descriptor and modular histogram. The proposed Modular Histogram of Oriented Directional Features (MHODF) is an oriented local descriptor that is able to encode various patterns of face images under different lighting conditions. It employs the edge response values in different directions to encode each sub-image texture and produces multi-region histograms for each image. The edge responses are very important and play the main role for improving the face recognition accuracy. Therefore, we present the effectiveness of using different directional masks for detecting the edge responses on face recognition accuracy, such as Prewitt kernels, Kirsch masks, Sobel kernels, and Gaussian derivative masks. The performance evaluation of the proposed MHODF algorithm is conducted on several publicly available databases and observed promising recognition rates.
Comparative ozone responses of cutleaf coneflowers (Rudbeckia laciniata var. digitata, var. ampla) from Rocky Mountain and Great Smoky Mountains National Parks, USA

Abstract Cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. digitata) is native to Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) and an ozone bioindicator species. Variety ampla, whose ozone sensitivity is less well known, is native to Rocky Mountain National Park (ROMO). In the early 2000s, researchers found putative ozone symptoms on var. ampla and rhizomes were sent to Appalachian State University to verify that the symptoms were the result of ozone exposure. In 2011, potted plants were exposed to ambient ozone from May to August. These same plants were grown in open-top chambers (OTCs) in 2012 and 2013, and exposed to charcoal-filtered (CF), non-filtered (NF), elevated ozone (EO), NF + 50 ppb in 2012 for 47 days and NF + 30/NF + 50 ppb ozone in 2013 for 36 and 36 days, respectively. Ozone symptoms similar to those found in ROMO (blue-black adaxial stippling) were reproduced both in ambient air and in the OTCs. Both varieties exhibited foliar injury in the OTCs in an exposure-dependent manner, verifying that symptoms resulted from ozone exposure. In two of the three study years, var. digitata appeared more sensitive than var. ampla. Exposure to EO caused reductions in ambient photosynthetic rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) for both varieties. Light response curves indicated that ozone reduced A, gs, and the apparent quantum yield while it increased the light compensation point. In CF air, var. ampla had higher light saturated A (18.2 ± 1.04 vs 11.6 ± 0.37 μmol m− 2 s− 1), higher light saturation (1833 ± 166.7 vs 1108 ± 141.7 μmol m− 2 s− 1), and lower Ci/Ca ratio (0.67 ± 0.01 vs 0.77 ± 0.01) than var. digitata. Coneflowers in both Parks are adversely affected by exposure to ambient ozone and if ozone concentrations increase in the Rocky Mountains, greater amounts of injury on var. ampla can be expected.
Tinkering with Technology and Religion in the Digital Age: The Effects of Internet Use on Religious Belief, Behavior, and Belonging

The intersection of religion and technology has been a primary issue in sociology since the inception of the discipline. Internet technology presents a new conceptual reality, one that could potentially challenge religion in previously unimaginable ways. Few sociologists of religion, however, have attempted to evaluate whether using the Internet impacts the way people think about and practice religion. This paper elaborates on the concept of “tinkering” discussed by Berger, Berger, and Kellner (1974), Turkle (1997), and Wuthnow (2010) to argue that Internet use affects how people think about and affiliate with religious traditions. Using data from Wave III of the Baylor Religion Survey (2010), I find that Internet use increases the likelihood of being religiously unaffiliated and weakens religious exclusivism. At the same time, I find that television viewing is linked to decreases in religious attendance and other time-related religious behaviors, but these outcomes are not impacted by Internet use. To explain these disparate findings, I argue that the Internet is fundamentally different from previous technologies like television and thus impacts religious beliefs and belonging but not time-related religious behavior.
Beamforming with Genetic Algorithms

The genetic algorithm has proven useful in the design of conventional, static beamforming networks. It is also quite useful as an adaptive algorithm for smart antennas. This paper demonstrates two uses of the genetic algorithm to adaptively control antenna characteristics. The first is a phaseonly implementation in which nulls are adaptively placed using the least significant bits of the phase shifters. The second application adaptively controls the currents on crossed dipoles to improve the link budget in a satellite communications system. In both cases, the genetic algorithm quickly improves the antenna performance.
Actin-Myosin Interaction: Structure, Function and Drug Discovery

Actin-myosin interactions play crucial roles in the generation of cellular force and movement. The molecular mechanism involves structural transitions at the interface between actin and myosin’s catalytic domain, and within myosin’s light chain domain, which contains binding sites for essential (ELC) and regulatory light chains (RLC). High-resolution crystal structures of isolated actin and myosin, along with cryo-electron micrographs of actin-myosin complexes, have been used to construct detailed structural models for actin-myosin interactions. However, these methods are limited by disorder, particularly within the light chain domain, and they do not capture the dynamics within this complex under physiological conditions in solution. Here we highlight the contributions of site-directed fluorescent probes and time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) in understanding the structural dynamics of the actin-myosin complex in solution. A donor fluorescent probe on actin and an acceptor fluorescent probe on myosin, together with high performance TR-FRET, directly resolves structural states in the bound actin-myosin complex during its interaction with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Results from these studies have profound implications for understanding the contractile function of actomyosin and establish the feasibility for the discovery of allosteric modulators of the actin-myosin interaction, with the ultimate goal of developing therapies for muscle disorders.
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‐Based Physical Activity Recommendations Do Not Improve Fitness in Real‐World Settings

BACKGROUND The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) promotes school-based strategies to increase physical activity (PA). Implementation feasibility and effect of these interventions on cardiovascular fitness (CVF) is unknown. METHODS Forty-nine low-SES schools were randomly assigned to either (1) continue routine PA programs (N = 24 schools, 2399 students) or (2) implement 4 CDC-based PA strategies (N = 25 schools, 2495 students). CVF assessed by PACER (Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run) was obtained at the beginning and end of the school year. A post-study questionnaire was administered at each school to assess adherence. RESULTS Overall, PACER z-scores were not augmented by CDC-based PA strategies. In boys, PACER z-scores increased similarly in both intervention and control schools. In girls, increased mean PACER z-score was greater in control schools (p < .01). Fifty-two percent of intervention school's staff reported inability to implement or sustain 4 CDC-based PA strategies. CONCLUSIONS Planned implementation of school-based CDC PA strategies did not increase CVF compared to routine PA programming. Lack of efficacy in girls suggests need for sex-specific targeted strategies. These findings highlight limited efficacy of CDC-based PA recommendations alone in low-SES schools. Schools may require additional support to successfully implement recommendations and meaningfully affect health outcomes.
Power management system for a fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicle incorporating fuel cell and battery degradation

Abstract Optimization of fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicle systems has primarily focused on reducing fuel consumption. However, it is also necessary to focus on fuel cell and battery durability as inadequate lifespan is still a major barrier to the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles. Here, we introduce a power management strategy which concurrently accounts for fuel consumption as well as fuel cell and battery degradation. Fuel cell degradation is quantified using a simplified electrochemical model which provides an analytical solution for the decay of the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) in the fuel cell by accounting for the performance loss due to transient power load, start/stop cycles, idling and high power load. The results show that the performance loss based on remaining ECSA matches well with test data in the literature. A validated empirical model is used to relate Lithium-ion battery capacity decay to C-rate. Simulations are then conducted using a typical bus drive cycle to optimize the fuel cell/battery hybrid system. We demonstrate that including these degradation models in the objective function can effectively extend the lifetime of the fuel cell at the expense of higher battery capacity decay resulting in a lower average running cost over the lifetime of the vehicle.
Impact of Distance from Implant Center on Mechanical Circulatory Device Patient Outcomes

Purpose Patients on mechanical circulatory device (MCD) support and their families receive extensive care and education prior to discharge and returning back to their communities. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of patient's residential distance from the MCD implantation center on the rate of major complications, clinical outcomes and survival. Methods 215 patients were implanted with continuous flow LVAD between June 2006 and September 2018 at our institution. Major LVAD complications (stroke, infection, right heart failure, gastrointestinal bleeding), hospitalization, and death were recorded. Patient's residential distance from the MCD implantation center was determined. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients living less than 100 miles (Group 1) and patients living greater than 100 miles away (Group 2). End points for follow up were met when the patient was transplanted or expired. Results One hundred six patients resided in Group 1 (range 5-100 miles) and one hundred eight resided in Group 2 (range 100-1000 miles). Mean length of stay for patients in group 1 was 19±10 days versus 17 ± 11 in group 2 patients (p=0.22). Major post-op complications included gastrointestinal bleeding (15% in Group 1 vs. 8% in Group 2), driveline infections (9% in Group 1 vs. 8% in Group 2), and infections not-related to LVAD (14% in Group 1 vs. 20% in Group 2). There was no statistical difference in post-operative complications, readmissions, or long term survival between patients staying near and far from the implant center. Conclusion Distance of patient residence had no effect on clinical outcome, including complications or death, in our retrospective study on all patients on LVAD support at our institution. Distance is not a contraindication for MCD therapy.
Flag and boost theories for hot spot forecasting: An application of NIJ’s Real-Time Crime forecasting algorithm using Colorado Springs crime data:

By operationalizing two theoretical frameworks, we forecast crime hot spots in Colorado Springs. First, we use a population heterogeneity (flag) framework to find places where the hot spot forecast...
Fuel pins and core response under liquid-metal fast breeder reactor transient overpower accident conditions

Since the earlier liquid-metal fast breeder reactor transient overpower assessments were done (1975), new experimental data and modeling improvements have occurred that indicate later failures and more molten fuel squirted into the channel with a higher propensity for plugging. An initial sweepout still occurs, and an analysis shows that even if coherent instead of the expected stochastic failures occur, the blockages are partial, the reactor is strongly shut down, and a coolable geometry exists. Hence, the overall consequences would be benign.
Process, outcome, and impact evaluation of the ohio state university DentPath postbaccalaurate program.

Despite the progress in increasing racial and ethnic diversity in dental school programs in the United States, minority dental students still remain underrepresented when compared with the total population. As a result, dental education programs have been attempting to increase the number of students from underrepresented and underserved communities in their programs. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to conduct process, outcome, and impact evaluations of the Ohio State University (OSU) College of Dentistry's (CoDs) DentPath Program. METHODS Upon Institutional Review Board approval, this study utilized a computer-assisted telephone interview research design of graduates from the OSU CoD DentPath Program. Forty closed and open-ended questions were asked during the structured interview. Descriptive and thematic analyses were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The data from 25 eligible graduates were analyzed, which represented a 100% response rate. Process evaluation revealed 100% (n = 25) of the participants expressed satisfaction with their DentPath experiences and recommendations for improvement were provided. Outcome evaluation revealed the participants treated patients using Medicaid (range: 20%-90%, n = 5) or a sliding scale (range: 5%-85%, n = 3) for payment and 36% (n = 9) of the participants regularly treated underserved populations outside of their regular practice settings. Impact evaluation revealed 68% (n = 17) participants reported the DentPath Program had no impact on their practice location. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed to determine methods to promote the transition of DentPath students through dental school and into underserved communities.
Community Colleges and Individuals with Emotional Disorders

Many children with emotional disorders continue to experience interpersonal difficulties when they become adults. Emotional and behavioral problems result in low levels of participation in postseco...
TCAD Modeling and Optimization of 28nm HKMG ESF3 Flash Memory

The paper presents a TCAD modeling approach of the 28nm HKMG ESF3 Flash Cell. The methodology encompasses both DC and transient simulations with focus on hot carrier injection modeling. The ensuing Floating Gate Spacer optimization presents the trade-off between the various figures of merit and highlights the need for a comprehensive DC/transient simulation approach during Flash cell optimization.
Participation in a Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience Results in Higher Grades in the Companion Lecture Course

Opportunities for large numbers of undergraduates to engage in authentic research experiences are limited in many large public institutions. These large public institutions serve the vast majority ...
Modeling and Applications of Hyperspectral Imaging

Hyperspectral imagers collect images at a very high spectral resolution in a contiguous region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These signals contain spectral, spatial and, potentially, temporal information about the scene of interest. Different mathematical and physics-based approaches can be used to model these signals providing different insights that can be explored for signal exploitation. In this talk, we will discuss different approaches to model hyperspectral imagery, the image processing algorithms they motivate, and their application in different domains.
Advanced materials for next-generation fuel cells

Abstract Much of the industrial and economic growth of the United States in the last decades has been based on an abundance of low-cost energy. However, recent findings have brought increasing evidence that our fuel supplies, though they appear vast, are not adequate to indefinitely support an ever-increasing demand. Furthermore, environmental effects associated with their production and consumption are now a matter of major concern. Returning to renewables to help mitigate climate change is an excellent approach, but one that needs to be sustainable to meet the energy demands of future generations. During the last decade, one of these renewable energy sources, fuel cells, has received enormous attention from research institutions and companies as novel electrical energy conversion systems. In this chapter, the methods of fabrication and next-generation fuel cells’ applications with the current technology of the advanced inorganic and organic materials are reviewed. The advantages of nanostructures such as core-shell, nanorods, nanoframes, and nanoparticles over conventional methods are discussed and achievements are summarized. The advanced nanostructured electrocatalysts, that is, core-shell, have shown extraordinary activity and stability, and demonstrated enormous potential in fuel cells’ applications. The pros and cons of these materials are discussed, as well as the major challenges, such as the dissolution of core-shell structures in fuel cell operating environments, which can cause catalyst degradation. Besides an experimental work of the fuel cells, the computational works are also mentioned. Lastly, recent developments and future perspectives of nanostructured materials for next-generation fuel cells are reviewed as well.
Accuracy of Medical Examiner’s Assessment for Near–Real-Time Surveillance of Fatal Drug Overdoses, King County, Washington, March 2017–February 2018:

ObjectivesUp-to-date information on the occurrence of drug overdose is critical to guide public health response. The objective of our study was to evaluate a near–real-time fatal drug overdose surv...
Breast cancer histopathology using infrared spectroscopic imaging: The impact of instrumental configurations

Abstract Digital analysis of cancer specimens using spectroscopic imaging coupled to machine learning is an emerging area that links spatially localized spectral signatures to tissue structure and disease. In this study, we examine the role of spatial-spectral tradeoffs in infrared spectroscopic imaging configurations for probing tumors and the associated microenvironment profiles at different levels of model complexity. We image breast tissue using standard and high-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) imaging and systematically examine the localization, spectral origins, and utility of data for classification. Results demonstrate that higher spatial detail provides high sensitivity and specificity of tissue segmentation, despite the increased subcellular variability. High definition imaging also allows accurate analysis of complex, multiclass models of breast tissue without compromising accuracy. A comparison of results also highlights the key differences in the data distributions and classification performance across modalities to better guide decision making for acquiring and analyzing IR imaging data for specific histopathological models.
Why Electoral Integrity Matters

This book is the first in a planned trilogy by Pippa Norris on challenges of electoral integrity to be published by Cambridge University Press. Unfortunately too often elections around the globe are deeply flawed or even fail. Why does this matter? It is widely suspected that such contests will undermine confidence in elected authorities, damage voting turnout, trigger protests, exacerbate conflict, and occasionally lead to regime change. Well-run elections, by themselves, are insufficient for successful transitions to democracy. But flawed, or even failed, contests are thought to wreck fragile progress. Is there good evidence for these claims? Under what circumstances do failed elections undermine legitimacy? With a global perspective, using new sources of data for mass and elite evidence, this book provides fresh insights into these major issues.
Sialobiology and the Polysialic Acid Glycotope Occurrence, Structure, Function, Synthesis, and Glycopathology

Polysialic acids (polySia)* are a structurally diverse family of linear carbohydrate chains that consist of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) residues, usually joined internally by α2,8-, α2,9-, or alternating α2,8-/α2,9-ketosidic linkages. 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2- nonulosonic acid (KDN) is a unique deaminated form of Sia, and polyKDN chains share many properties in common with polySia (Table I). The finding of poly(Neu5Ac), poly(Neu5Gc), poly(Neu5Ac,Neu5Gc), poly(KDN) chains and their partially O-acetylated and O-lactylated forms in salmonid fish egg glycoproteins demonstrates the natural occurrence of multiple forms of these unique sugar chains.
Effects of Tryptophan Administration on the Synthesis, Storage and Metabolism of Serotonin in the Hypothalamus of Normal and Raphe-Stimulated Rats

The various steps in the synthesis and metabolism of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) in the brain have been well characterized (see reviews 1, 2). The initial and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of 5HT is the conversion of L-tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP), a reaction catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase. Newly formed 5HTP is rapidly decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase to 5HT which is either stored in vesicles for subsequent release, or is metabolized by mitochondrial monoamine oxidase to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA). The calculated Km for tryptophan hydroxylase is higher than tryptophan concentrations measured in the brain, suggesting that under normal physiological conditions the activity of this enzyme is substrate limited. Accordingly, procedures that increase the concentrations of tryptophan within the brain produce corresponding changes in 5HT concentrations.
Simulated Annealing for Optimal Pivot Selection in Jacobian Accumulation

We report on new results in logarithmic simulated annealing applied to the optimal Jacobian accumulation problem. This is a continuation of work that was presented at the SAGA’01 conference in Berlin, Germany [16]. We discuss the optimal edge elimination problem in linearized computational graphs [15] in the context of linear algebra. We introduce row and column pivoting on the extended Jacobian as analogs to front and back edge elimination in linearized computational graphs. Neighborhood relations for simulated annealing are defined on a metagraph that is derived from the computational graph. All prerequisites for logarithmic simulated annealing are fulfilled for dyadic pivoting, which is equivalent to vertex elimination in linearized computational graphs [7]. For row and column pivoting we cannot yet give a proof that the corresponding elimination sequences are polynomial in size. In practice, however, the likelihood for an exponential elimination sequence to occur is negligible. Numerical results are presented for algorithms based on both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Markov chains for all pivoting techniques. The superiority of row and column pivoting over dyadic pivoting can be observed when applying these techniques to Roe’s numerical flux [17].
Book Review: Cosmic Constitutional Theory

This is a book review of Cosmic Constitutional Theory by J. Harvie Wilkinson, III, a federal judge on the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals. Judge Wilkinson believes that modern constitutional law has fallen victim to “cosmic constitutional theories” — theories that purport to unlock the mysteries of the founding document on a sweeping basis. Judge Wilkinson is anti-theory, whether it arises from the ideological left, the ideological right, or somewhere in between. In his assessment, both liberal and conservative theorists, though imparting some important insights, have fallen woefully short of providing the grand and unifying constitutional vision they profess to conceive. He argues that overly zealous theorizing has led to the subordination of judicial restraint. As a result, the courts have been politicized and the right of self-governance has been debased. In separate chapters, Judge Wilkinson considers four cosmic theories of constitutional interpretation: living constitutionalism, originalism, political process theory, and pragmatism. In a concluding chapter, he discusses the failure of cosmic constitutional theories in general and explains why he believes that cosmic theorizing is leading to judicial hegemony and loss of self-governance. The review surveys each of the chapters and examines Judge Wilkinson’s assessment of each cosmic theory. The review concludes with an in-depth evaluation of Judge Wilkinson’s analysis, noting that his book suffers from a basic failure to confront the reality that law and policy are inherently intertwined. Moreover, Judge Wilkinson’s refusal to countenance any theorizing leaves a void in the process of constitutional interpretation. He argues for judicial restraint, but fails to define what he means by judicial restraint or delineate its scope in constitutional adjudication.
Hanging Magnetic Stirrer Which Minimizes Cell Disruption

A magnetic stirring bar enclosed in tubing forms a large paddle which produces good mixing at slow rotational speeds. It is suspended above the bottom of the vessel and cannot grind cells or become misaligned.
Fronteras paradójicas: contrastes de desarrollo en la frontera México-EUA

La unidad llamada "la frontera" en realidad esta caracterizada por grandes diferencias y heterogeneidades. Dentro de esta multiplicidad de facetas se pueden observar muchos otros ejemplos de paradojas del desarrollo; conflictos y contrastes que pueden servir para aprender y para difundir el conocimiento sobre esta parte del continente. La frontera es como una lucha de tensiones; el conocimiento de las diferentes facetas de estas tensiones conducira a un mejoramiento en el grado de precision en lo referente a las tendencias actuales en la region. De acuerdo a lo expuesto en este trabajo se puede afirmar que aunque el gobierno de Mexico ha tratado de controlar el area fronteriza economica y politicamente, el probable incremento del poder economico norteamericano en la region y el mayor peso economico de la zona fronteriza norte, podrian conducir a una inversion de papeles en un futuro. Es decir, los desarrollos en la frontera seran por algun tiempo la clave para comprender los desarrollos a nivel nacional; y no a la inversa.
Selecting clinical research projects for the urologic oncologist.

E very urologist interested in an academic career faces the difficult question of how to pick a research project. This is especially true in a diverse and multidisciplinary field such as urologic oncology. The first decision the young urologic oncologist must make is whether to pursue laboratory or clinical investigation. Progress results from iterative basic science and clinical research studies. In my opinion, one cannot do both well. Bench and patient-related investigations require hands-on participation. Both are labor intensive and demand total commitment to achieve excellence. Even orchestrating a project where the work and observations are made solely by others cannot be considered your research. Besides, the enjoyment and sense of accomplishment of investigation is derived from the anticipations, frustrations, and surprises of doing the research, as much as possible, by one’s self. Laboratory work yields insights into basic biology. Results lead to the next question requiring subsequent experiments, rewarded, hopefully, by new insight. Laboratory science is innovative and on the cutting-edge, uses advanced technology, and lends itself to rapid quantitative analysis (and publications). We applaud, support, and recognize the vitality of basic research for the future. For example, the benefits of presymptomatic testing to determine susceptibility to common cancers or identification of a tumor marker to define the risk of a given neoplasm are potentially substantial. In the long run, the identification of cancer susceptibility genes and tumor markers should permit us to develop new and effective therapies, so that we cannot only predict future risks, but also reduce those risks reliably and safely before disease occurs or progresses. However, advances in molecular biology (the current phase) and other basic sciences can only be translated to the patient through sound clinical studies-and the challenges of clinical research require skills and carry responsibilities that are different from those faced by the laboratory investigator. It is my observation that most urologic oncologists,
Myosins in yeast.

It has been a banner year for the study of yeast myosins. Thanks to the completion of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome project, it is now known that budding yeast contains a total of five myosins. Furthermore, functions have been newly ascribed to several of them: two have been implicated in endocytosis, and another has been implicated in generating asymmetry between mother and daughter cells.
Intraocular polyimide intraocular lens haptic breakage long-term postoperatively

We present 2 cases of 3-piece silicone intraoculanbsp;r lenses (IOLs) with broken polyimide haptics. In the first case, the IOL was implanted in the anterior chamber after posterior capsule rupture. Twelve years later, it was explanted and exchanged because of bullous keratopathy. However, on careful manipulation for explantation, the haptics shattered into multiple pieces. In the second case, initial in-the-bag implantation of the IOL was uneventful. Fifteen years later, the IOL dislocated into the anterior chamber as a result of spontaneous in situ haptic breakage. The haptics of both IOLs appeared very brittle during careful manipulation for gross and light microscopy, with further breakage. Scanning electron microscopy of both IOLs revealed no evidence of haptic degradation. Their surfaces appeared smooth and regular with jagged edges where the breaks occurred. Few studies have examined the long-term biocompatibility of polyimide, and more research is needed to determine the cause of this phenomenon. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.