cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of parasitism by Apanteles congregatus on the endocrine physiology of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

The hemolymph juvenile hormone (JH) titers of Manduca sexta larvae parasitized by Apanteles congregatus were determined using the black Manduca bioassay and found to be significantly higher than titers of normally fed or starved unparasitized fifth instar larvae. In vitro measurements of hemolymph esterase activity indicated that JH-specific esterase activity was reduced in parasitized larvae, contributing to the high JH titer. Analysis of host ecdysteroid titers by radioimmunoassay showed the presence of an ecdysteroid peak during parasite emergence from the host that was similar to the prewandering peak seen in unparasitized larvae. Host prothoracic gland activity is apparently necessary for emergence, as indicated by the failure of parasites to emerge from hosts that were neck or abdomen ligatured early in the fifth instar. The onset of emergence in intact hosts was accelerated by the infusion of ecdysone prior to the normal expected time of emergence. In addition to causing in vivo endocrinological changes, parasitism also markedly affected host epidermal responsiveness to exogenous 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE). When terminal stage fourth instar larvae were neck ligatured and injected with 20-HE prior to parasite emergence, the host epidermis failed to synthesize new cuticle. Sensitivity increased after the onset of emergence, and larval molting was elicited with large doses of 20-HE similar to molting of preterminal stage hosts with first instar parasites. These findings were interpreted as indicating that parasitism interferes with the normal molting response to exogenous ecdysteroids.
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Experimental Alcoholic Liver Disease: Relationship to Endotoxemia and TNFα Messenger RNA

We used the intragastric feeding rat model for alcoholic liver disease to evaluate the relationship among intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasma endotoxin, and inflammatory changes in the liver. Rats were fed different dietary fats (saturated fat, corn oil, and fish oil) with ethanol; control rats were fed isocaloric amounts of dextrose instead of ethanol. At sacrifice the following were evaluated: liver pathologic changes, TNF-α mRNA by reverse transcription-PCR, plasma endotoxin, and ICAM-1 by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis. Upregulation of ICAM-1 in endothelial lining cells in central and portal veins was observed in rats showing evidence of pathologic changes. Rats fed fish oil and ethanol, which exhibited the most severe inflammation, also showed hepatocyte ICAM-1 staining. The presence of ICAM-1 staining, in general, correlated with the level of TNF-α mRNA expression and plasma endotoxin levels. Upregulation of ICAM-1 in rats fed ethanol may contribute to the inflammatory changes seen in this model. The association between ICAM-1 upregulation and endotoxin and TNF-α mRNA suggests a role for these mediators in the inflammatory process in alcoholic liver injury.
Magnetic-flux dependence of the resistive transition in a square Josephson-junction array.

We report measurements of the resistive behavior as a function of the perpendicular magnetic flux in a square proximity-coupled Josephson-junction array. The array was made by a novel ion-beam sputtering technique using the University of Chicago scanning ion microscope. The magnetic flux produces a uniform frustration of phase ordering between the superconducting islands in the array. We have measured both the Ohmic and non-Ohmic resistances as a function of temperature at several values of the frustration index f=\ensuremath{\varphi}/${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$, the ratio of the applied flux \ensuremath{\varphi} to the superconducting flux quantum ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{0}$=hc/2e. We compare the resistive transitions in the array with no frustration at f=0 and f=1, with weak frustration at f=0.05, with commensurate frustration at f=(1/2, and with incommensurate frustration at f=1-1/\ensuremath{\tau} and at f=1/\ensuremath{\tau} [\ensuremath{\tau}=(1+ \ensuremath{\surd}5 )/2, the golden ratio]. We find that the transitions at both f=0 and f=1 resemble the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of a two-dimensional superfluid. The transition at f=0.05 is much broader and is not described by the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory. Instead, the resistance has a pinned flux-flow behavior at low temperatures. The transitions at f=(1/2 and the irrational frustrations are similar to each other but different from the unfrustrated transitions, a result which differs from the expectations of arguments based on the ground-state properties of the array for those fluxes. Our data support the idea that some type of freezing occurs for incommensurate frustration; however, we did not observe the hysteretic effects one might expect to see when cooling and heating through a glass transition.
Modeling the Desorption of Organic Contaminants from Long-Term Contaminated Soil Using Distributed Mass Transfer Rates

Simulation models for the fate and transport of groundwater contaminants are important tools for testing our understanding of transport phenomena at long-term contaminated sites and for designing remedial action plans. A finite difference formulation for contaminant transport including a distribution of contaminant mass-transfer rates between the water and soil is developed. Optimal model simulations using both log-normal and γ distributions of mass transfer rates are compared to the two-site equilibrium/kinetic model. In all cases, optimal sorption parameters were determined by best fit to laboratory data. For desorption of trichloroethene from long-term contaminated soils, the distributed mass-transfer rate model provided significantly improved simulations of aqueous concentrations, as compared to the two-site model, for both batch and soil column experiments. However, use of an apparent partition coefficient demonstrated that the performance of the two-site model was very sensitive to the value of the ...
Macromolecular variation in the chromatophores of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum.

Antisera were prepared in rabbits by injection of purified chromatophore preparations from Rhodospirillum rubrum grown anaerobically in the light. The antisera contained antibody which precipitated the pigmented particles from cell extracts, and could therefore be defined as chromatophore antibody. By absorption of antisera with extracts of dark-grown cells devoid of pigment, two types of chromatophore antibody could be distinguished; one fraction of antibody reacted only with extracts of light-grown cells, the other fraction of antibody capable of precipitating pigmented particles reacted also with colorless antigens present in dark-grown cells. It was concluded therefore that chromatophore antigens are of two types, specific components formed as a consequence of photosynthetic growth, and antigens structurally related to chromatophores which are carried along in dark-grown cells. Specific cell surface antigens formed during photosynthetic growth were detected by agglutination titrations of light-grown cells. Photosynthetically grown cells placed in the dark for a short time alter their cellular contents such that chromatophore antibody no longer precipitates the pigmented component present in cell extracts. The evidence indicates, therefore, that the photosynthetic unit is capable of dissociation into fragments in the dark. This dissociation may help to explain induction and chromatic adaptation phenomena in photosynthesis.
4,6-Diphenyl-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1H-furo[3,4-b]pyrrole

The title mol­ecule, C24H17NO3S, is the first example of the 1H-furo[3,4-b]pyrrole ring system to be described. It crystallizes with three mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. In each mol­ecule, the fused heterocycle is planar and one of the two phenyl groups on the furan ring is only slightly out of planarity with the furan ring, while the other phenyl group is significantly twisted by 47.6 (4), 48.3 (3) and 54.1 (3)°.
Modification of cation-exchange properties of activated carbon by treatment with nitric acid

Abstract The uptake of inorganic cations by high-surface-area activated carbon can be increased by an order of magnitude by controlled exposure to high concentrations of nitric acid at elevated temperatures. Distribution coefficients of cations are also increased. Acid strength of the functional groups from the nitric acid treatment is greater than those of the starting material. Surface area measurements and small- angel neutron scattering indicate that the increase in effective ion-exchange capacity is not accompanied by gross changes in the structure of the material. 13C NMR on solid samples suggests that the concentration of carboxyl and phenolic functional groups in the carbon is increased by the treatment.
Comparison of the structure of HLA-Bw47 to HLA-B13 and its relationship to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

Adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency is strongly associated with HLA-Bw47. This rare HLA allele and the HLA-B13 allele are both found in positive genetic linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A3, -Cw6, -DR7 and also display serological cross-reactivity. To investigate the relationship between these two alleles at the structural level, the nucleotide sequences of the HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 genes have been determined. They differ by 28 nucleotides, resulting in 14 amino acid substitutions: 5 in the α1 domain, 8 in the α2 domain, and 1 in the transmembrane region. Comparison of HLA-Bw47 nucleotide sequence with other HLA-B sequences shows a segment of 228 by identical with B44 in the a 1 domain and a segment of 218 by identical with B27 in the a2 domain, but only a 91 by segment of identity with B13 in the al domain. The complex pattern of substitutions and their degree of divergence indicate that HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 alleles are not related by a simple mutational event.
Physics of the top quark

Abstract The top quark is the newest elementary particle in the Standard Model collection. Because of its enormous mass, it may hold clues to physics beyond the Standard Model. Learning everything we can about the top quark is one of high energy physics' highest priorities. In this paper I review what we now know about top, and what we hope to learn soon.
Multiple-Cue Object Recognition on outside datasets

This work builds upon the fact that robots can observe humans interacting with the objects in their environment, and that humans provide numerous non-visual cues to the identity of objects. In previous work, we outlined a Multiple-Cue Object Recognition (MCOR) algorithm which attempted to use multiple features of any type to produce more robust object recognition. All results so far reported with MCOR have been on data collected by ourselves. In this work, we introduce new advancements in the MCOR algorithm to increase its effectiveness and ability to deal with complex real data from outside datasets. These advancements include the integration of Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) features and an improvement in training. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the MCOR framework, we first show a comparison of the MCOR algorithm to an outside dataset to show its basic advantages. We then demonstrate the advanced MCOR features on real television video datasets in particular cooking.
Root dynamics of Bouteloua gracilis during short-term recovery from drought

1 The ability of drought-stressed Bouteloua gracilis H.B.K. Lag. ex Steud. to respond rapidly to a small rainfall event with increases in leaf water potential and leaf conductance directed our attention to the role of the roots in these responses. Our first objective was to determine whether new root growth was required to restore the water status to that of a non-stressed plant, following a small rainfall event. The results indicated that surviving roots were able to absorb water at approximately 40% of the rate of new roots, which was sufficient to restore non-stressed leaf water potentials within one day of watering. 2 The second objective was to estimate the rate and amount of new root growth following simulated rainfall events. New root growth occurred approximately 40h after watering. New roots never accounted for more than 15% of total root length but they made possible the continued response to increased water availability. 3 The third objective was to evaluate the importance of previous water stress in the response of Bouteloua gracilis to watering. The response of leaf water potential was influenced by previous water stress as well as by the amount of water added. However, the response of root growth was independent of water stress when 15 mm of water was added and dependent upon water stress in the case of the addition of only 5 mm. *On leave from Departamento de Ecologfa, Facultad de Agronomfa, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina. Correspondence: W. K. Lauenroth, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. 4 A simulation analysis of potential carbon gain, as a result of Bouteloua gracilis responding to a 5-mm rainfall event, suggested that the cost of producing new roots was less than the gain. Key-words: Drought, Bouteloua, root growth, steppe region, C4
Homotopy is not isotopy for homeomorphisms of 3-manifolds

existence of a homeomorphism that is homotopic but not isotopic to the identity has remained an open question for closed 3-manifolds [I, 23. We consider here homeotopy groups:: of spherical spaces, finding as a by-product of our work an example of such a homeomorphism for a closed 3-manifold whose prime factors include certain spherical spaces. The homeotopy groups of a composite 3-manifold have as subgroups the disk-fixing or point-fixing homeotopy groups of each prime factor [3,4]. In the work reported here our primary aim has been to calculate, for spherical spaces the corresponding 0th homeotopy groups, the groups of path connected components of the spaces of disk-fixing and point- fixing homeomorphisms. Homeomorphism groups of spherical spaces have been considered recently by Rubinstein et al. [S-7]. Asano [8], Bonahon [9] and Ivanov [lo]. Their results are consistent with Hatcher’s conjecture [ 1 l] that for each spherical space the group of homeomorphisms has the same homotopy type as the group of isometries. Homotopy classes of the groups HO and XX of homeomorphisms that fix respectively a disk and a point do not generally have this character (for spherical spaces): in particular, nonzero elements of ~,,(&‘a) and rr,, (XX) are commonly not represented by isometries. For several spherical spaces of the form
Sex differences in partner preference in mated pairs of saddle-back tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis)

The attraction of permanently cohabiting males and females to their pair mate was assessed in a preference situation in which a subject was given a choice between its pair mate and a stranger of the mate's sex. Animals were tested in a choice apparatus, consisting of 1 cage housing the subject, 1 cage housing its pair mate, and 1 cage housing the strange stimulus animal. Wire mesh tunnels connected the subject's cage with that of each stimulus animal. Each tunnel was divided into 5 sections of equal length. During a series of 30-min choice tests, the subjects' location was scored every 10 sec as being in the home cage or in one of the sections of the tunnels leading to the cages of the other animals. In addition to these location scores, being at Zero Distance from a stimulus animal, as well as a number of behaviors directed at both stimulus animals, were recorded. Males were in closer proximity to their females than to strange females (Fig. 2), approached their females more frequently and directed more Tongue Displays and Sniffs at their mates (Figs. 3–5). Females did not prefer their males in terms of these behaviors (Figs. 2–5). Moreover, they directed a higher number of Gazes at strange males (Fig. 6). Both males and females were more frequently at Zero Distance from their pair mates than from strange stimulus animals and had more Nonaggressive Contacts with their pair mates (Figs. 7–8). These results suggest that males show a strong attachment to their female pair mates while females are attracted to their mates as well as to strange males.
Identification of proteins and developmental expression of RNAs encoded by the 65A cuticle protein gene cluster in Drosophila melanogaster

Proteins of the third instar larval cuticle of Drosophila melanogaster, LCP5-LCP9, were purified and their N-terminal sequences determined. Three of these proteins (LCP5, 6, and 8) were found to be encoded by two multicopy genes previously mapped to the gene cluster at 65A 5-6 on the left arm of the third chromosome. The analysis of the patterns of developmental expression of the 8 distinct genes at this site showed that all but two were expressed during larval life. The patterns fell into three groups: one where expression was all through larval life, one where expression was primarily in the third instar, and one only during the production of the adult cuticle. One duplicated gene was not expressed in the Canton S strain at any time from the embryo to adult ecdysis. These findings indicate that there is not a unique set of cuticle proteins in the third versus the first and second instar larval cuticles and indicates that overlapping gene sets in several different gene clusters encode the proteins of the cuticle of different developmental stages.
Towards explaining the association between shyness and loneliness: A path analysis with American college students

Numerous studies have observed a robust correlation between shyness and loneliness but few have attempted to explain why this relationship exists. This study assessed the extent to which variables associated with self-presentation approaches to shyness and social support mediated the association between shyness and loneliness. Two hundred and fifty-five American college students completed self-report measures of shyness, loneliness, expectations of rejection, interpersonal competence and close social support. A path analysis indicated that high levels of shyness were related to features of a protective style of self-presentation (perceived deficits in interpersonal competence, heightened expectations of rejection). In turn, low levels of interpersonal competence predicted reductions in social support. Together, measures indicative of a protective self-presentation style and reductions in social support predicted increases in loneliness. However, shyness and loneliness had a significant association, even after controlling for the influence of self-presentation and social support. Findings suggest that although features of protective self-presentation and social support may partially explain the association between shyness and loneliness, shyness and loneliness are also directly related.
Wicked Problems in Technical Communication

This article develops a framework for rhetorical inquiry that builds on the concept of wicked problems as conceptualized through social policy and design studies research. Responding to technical communication scholarship that calls for increased engagement with public issues and controversies, the author specifically discusses a writing course that used the 2010 Gulf of Mexico oil spill as a basis for teaching problem-based rhetorical invention, document production, interdisciplinary collaboration, and professional development. The framework described in this article ultimately offers a heuristic for students to research and write about ill-defined problems that must be addressed in time but that demand sustained engagement over time—activities that begin in the classroom but ideally continue to develop throughout their personal and professional lives.
Power analysis based on spatial effects mixed models: A tool for comparing design and analysis strategies in the presence of spatial variability

Spatial variability among experimental units is known to exist in many designed experiments. Agronomic field trials are a particularly well-known example, but there are others. Historically, spatial variability has been dealt with in one of two ways: either though design, by blocking to account for spatial effects, or though analysis, by nearest neighbor adjustment. More recently, mixed models with spatial covariance structures such as those used in geostatistics have been proposed. These mixed model procedures have tempted some to conclude—to the dismay of many consulting statisticians—that design principles may be bypassed, since spatial covariance models can recover any lost information. Although design principles clearly should not be ignored, spatial procedures do raise questions. Are traditional notions of appropriate design affected? If so, how? How do spatial effects mixed models compare to conventional analysis of variance used in conjunction with blocked designs? This article presents mixed model methods to assess power and precision of proposed designs in the presence of spatial variability and to compare competing design and analysis strategies. The main conclusion is that, if anything, spatial models reinforce the need for sound design principles, particularly the use of incomplete block designs.
EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH ACQUIRED ENCEPHALOCELE.

A child with some features of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, haveing very distensible skin, was noted shortly after birth to have a congenital defect of the right parietal bone. By 14 months of age he had acquired a large cystic mass over this bony defect, which, by ventriculography, was shown to be an encephalocele, communicating with the underlying ventricle. Because of the easy bruisability and the character of a skin biopsy, surgical removal of the mass was not attempted.
A Case Study Framework for Community College Leaders

This article examines a case study framework designed to aid in the preparation of emerging community college leaders. The framework is multidimensional and fluid in nature, taking into account the multiplicity of factors affecting leadership in community colleges. The steps in the framework consist of (a) assuming the role of the leader; (b) examining relevant information; (c) identifying underlying problem(s); (d) analyzing the case through multiple lenses (e.g., leadership approaches, ethical frameworks); and (e) identifying a resolution. The authors recommend this case framework as a tool for aiding leaders in connecting research and theory to practice as well as facilitating the achievement of American Association of Community Colleges' leadership competencies.
Bone loss and increased bone adiposity in spontaneous and pharmacologically induced diabetic mice

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with increased risk of osteopenia/osteoporosis in humans. The mechanisms accounting for diabetic bone loss remain unclear. Pharmacologic inducers of IDDM, such as streptozotocin, mimic key aspects of diabetes in rodents, allow analysis at the onset of diabetes, and induce diabetes in genetically modified mice. However, side effects of streptozotocin, unrelated to diabetes, can complicate data interpretation. The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model develops diabetes spontaneously without external influences, negating side effects of inducing agents. Unfortunately, in this model the onset of diabetes is unpredictable, occurs in a minority of male mice, and can only be studied in a single mouse strain. To validate the relevance of the more flexible streptozotocin-induced diabetes model for studying diabetes-associated bone loss, we compared its phenotype to the spontaneously diabetic NOD model. Both models exhibited hyperglycemia and loss of body, fat pad, and muscle weight. Furthermore, these genetically different and distinct models of diabetes induction demonstrated similar bone phenotypes marked by significant trabecular bone loss and increased bone marrow adiposity. Correspondingly, both diabetic models exhibited decreased osteocalcin mRNA and increased adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2 mRNA levels in isolated tibias and calvaria. Taken together, multiple streptozotocin injection-induced diabetes is a valid model for understanding the acute and chronic pathophysiologic responses to diabetes and their mechanisms in bone.
Siméon Poisson and the National Hockey League

Abstract Separate Poisson distributions were evaluated via several hypotheses tests for each of the 16 teams in the National Hockey League using 1973–74 goals for and goals against both home and away. After examining independence of goals for and goals against, they in turn were used to explain order of finish for the 16 teams. The results were quite surprising.
The stilbestrol-adenosis-carcinoma syndrome.

This disease complex is one of the few entirely new and previously unsuspected discoveries of the recent past. The first case, seen in 1966, ushered in an era of suspicion. A study and report on the first seven cases published in 1970 inaugurated the era of hot pursuit which culminated in 1971 in an epidemiologically structured and controlled investigation of possible etiologic factors. With the establishment of the stilbestrol association a Registry of Cases was initiated. , heralding the era of verification. This Registry, while accelerating and embossing confirmation of the suspected relationship, served an even more useful purpose by collecting under one roof and in front of one cluster of observers all the necessary and relevant data on a sufficiently large number of cases to enable rapid (1973-1974) wide dissemination of knowledge about the occurrence and behavior of the disease and its response to treatment. The behavior of these tumors is comparable to that of other cancers at this location. When they are still localized, cure is possible by either surgery or radiation therapy. Since all the individuals at risk can be identified by their clinical history, screening examination for presymptomatic cancer is entirely feasible. At the same time we can and should note the presence and nature of any morphologic anomalies of the kind, which are seen in a very high proportion of the women exposed before the 18th week of fetal life.
DNA sequencing using polymerase substrate-binding kinetics

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has transformed genomic research by decreasing the cost of sequencing. However, whole-genome sequencing is still costly and complex for diagnostics purposes. In the clinical space, targeted sequencing has the advantage of allowing researchers to focus on specific genes of interest. Routine clinical use of targeted NGS mandates inexpensive instruments, fast turnaround time and an integrated and robust workflow. Here we demonstrate a version of the Sequencing by Synthesis (SBS) chemistry that potentially can become a preferred targeted sequencing method in the clinical space. This sequencing chemistry uses natural nucleotides and is based on real-time recording of the differential polymerase/DNA-binding kinetics in the presence of correct or mismatch nucleotides. This ensemble SBS chemistry has been implemented on an existing Illumina sequencing platform with integrated cluster amplification. We discuss the advantages of this sequencing chemistry for targeted sequencing as well as its limitations for other applications.
Snow depth of the Weddell and Bellingshausen sea ice covers from IceBridge surveys in 2010 and 2011: An examination

We examine the snow radar data from the Weddell and Bellingshausen Seas acquired by eight IceBridge (OIB) flightlines in October of 2010 and 2011. In snow depth retrieval, the sidelobes from the stronger scattering snow-ice (s-i) interfaces could be misidentified as returns from the weaker air-snow (a-s) interfaces. In this paper, we first introduce a retrieval procedure that accounts for the structure of the radar system impulse response followed by a survey of the snow depths in the Weddell and Bellingshausen Seas. Limitations and potential biases in our approach are discussed. Differences between snow depth estimates from a repeat survey of one Weddell Sea track separated by 12 days, without accounting for variability due to ice motion, is −0.7 ± 13.6 cm. Average snow depth is thicker in coastal northwestern Weddell and thins toward Cape Norvegia, a decrease of >30 cm. In the Bellingshausen, the thickest snow is found nearshore in both Octobers and is thickest next to the Abbot Ice Shelf. Snow depth is linearly related to freeboard when freeboards are low but diverge as the freeboard increases especially in the thicker/rougher ice of the western Weddell. We find correlations of 0.71–0.84 between snow depth and surface roughness suggesting preferential accumulation over deformed ice. Retrievals also seem to be related to radar backscatter through surface roughness. Snow depths reported here, generally higher than those from in situ records, suggest dissimilarities in sample populations. Implications of these differences on Antarctic sea ice thickness are discussed.
Cognitive reserve moderates relation between global cognition and functional status in older adults.

The ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) is necessary for independent living. Research suggests that community-dwelling older adults are at risk for experiencing subtle decrements in the performance of IADLs. Neuropsychological tests have been used to account for differences in IADL status. Studies of the relationship between cognitive ability and functional status have produced variable results, however, and cognitive ability appears to be only a moderate predictor. Several studies of normal aging have revealed cognitive and functional benefits of higher cognitive reserve (CR) in healthy, nondemented older adults. The purposes of the present study were to: (a) examine the relationship between global cognitive ability and IADL performance among 53 community-dwelling older adults, and (b) determine whether formal education, as a proxy of CR, significantly moderates this relationship. Consistent with previous findings, global cognitive ability accounted for a considerable porti...
Master Regulators, Regulatory Networks, and Pathways of Glioblastoma Subtypes

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor. GBM samples are classified into subtypes based on their transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. Despite numerous studies to better characterize GBM biology, a comprehensive study to identify GBM subtype-specific master regulators, gene regulatory networks, and pathways is missing. Here, we used FastMEDUSA to compute master regulators and gene regulatory networks for each GBM subtype. We also ran Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis on GBM expression dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas Project to compute GBM- and GBM subtype-specific pathways. Our analysis was able to recover some of the known master regulators and pathways in GBM as well as some putative novel regulators and pathways, which will aide in our understanding of the unique biology of GBM subtypes.
Correlates of weight loss in persons with metabolic syndrome.

Abstract Objective To identify correlates of weight loss in persons with metabolic syndrome. Methods Overweight adults (1851) with metabolic syndrome were identified among 5643 eligible participants in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2004. Survey analysis techniques were used to study variation in the frequency of self-reported, intentional weight loss (≥ 10 lb in the past year) relative to 28 survey variables representing characteristics in seven domains: demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, health status, metabolic risk factor, health advice, and disease diagnosis. Results An estimated 34.8% (SE = 0.9) of U.S. adults had metabolic syndrome during the 1999–2004 period, and among them, 88.4% (0.8) were overweight. The overall frequency of weight loss was 14.9% (0.9), but multivariate analysis confirmed significantly higher frequencies in persons who had BMI between 35.0 and 39.9 kg/m 2 [24.5% (2.8)], who were informed of overweight status by a health professional [19.4% (1.6)], who were advised to lose weight for hypertension [23.2% (1.9)], or who were diagnosed with diabetes [26.4% (3.2)]. Conclusion In metabolic syndrome, the frequency of weight loss may be enhanced when patients understand the reality and degree of their overweight status, are advised by a health professional about the need to lose weight, and/or appreciate connections between excess weight and other co-morbidities.
Characterization of two rice MADS box genes homologous to GLOBOSA

Abstract A group of regulatory factors containing the MADS box domain is playing an important role in controlling floral organ induction and development. In this study, we have isolated and characterized two cDNA clones from rice, OsMADS2 and OsMADS4, which encode MADS-domain containing proteins. The OsMADS2 amino acid sequence shows more than 50% identity to GLO of Antirrhinum majus, PI of Arabidopsis, and GLO PI homologs of petunia and tobacco. Also, these two rice proteins contain, in addition to the conserved MADS box sequence, two other conserved sequences in the same locations as are found specifically in the GLO PI family. RNA blot analysis showed that the rice MADS box containing genes were expressed throughtout flower development. While OsMADS2 expression increased strongly as the flower matured, OsMADS4 expression was at a higher level from early stages of flower development. RNA blot hybridization with total RNA from each floral organ showed that the expression of these genes was restricted to anther and carpel. In situ hybridization studies indicated that the transcripts were present mainly in pollen, tapetum and also in stigma. Since rice flowers consist of a single perianth which resembles sepal, GLO PI homologs in rice would be expected to be expressed predominantly in reproductive organs. These results suggest that the rice OsMADS genes may be members of the GLO PI family.
Role of Carbonate in Acid Neutralization of Aluminum Hydroxide Gel

Abstract The role of carbonate in the acid neutralization of a carbonate-containing aluminum hydroxide gel was studied. The pH-stat neutralization reaction was comprised of three phases: an initial, immediately reacting phase; a slow, zero-order phase; and a terminal, fast zero-order phase. The evolution of carbon dioxide and the appearance of aluminum ions were monitored during neutralization. Acid neutralization is believed to occur predominantly at the aluminum-carbonate bond during the slow phase of neutralization. The reaction of structural carbonate disrupts the gel structure and increases the porosity and surface area of the gel. The diffusion of acid into the gel structure is facilitated and accelerates the neutralization rate, as seen in the final phase of the pH-stat titrigrams. This behavior of carbonate is probably responsible for the rapid and complete neutralization of acid generally observed with carbonate-containing aluminum hydroxide gel.
Irradiation-induced segregation in multi-component alloys

Abstract A unified analysis of irradiation-induced segregation in multi-component alloys is developed using the formulation of irreversible thermodynamics. Three distinct mechanisms for segregation, namely the inverse Kirkendall effect, the vacancy-wind effect, and the solute drag of interstitials, are identified. In particular, the inverse Kirkendall effect due to interstitials arises only if a solute-interstitial interaction or a mutual conversion among interstitials via lattice atom intermediaries operates simultaneously. In the limit of fast conversion a para-equilibrium state may be reached between interstitials and lattice atoms, and the interstitial mechanism becomes formally analogous to the vacancy mechanism. Although the past treatment of rate phenomena in this field was apparently limited to the latter case, the importance of the consideration of separate chemical potentials for interstitials of different species, in segregation and other irradiation effects, is emphasized.
Iron(II)-thiolate S-oxygenation by O2: synthetic models of cysteine dioxygenase.

The synthesis of structural and functional models of the active site of the nonheme iron enzyme cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is reported. A bis(imino)pyridine ligand scaffold was employed to synthesize a mononuclear ferrous complex, FeII(LN3S)(OTf) (1), which contains three neutral nitrogen donors and one anionic thiolato donor. Complex 1 is a good structural model of the Cys-bound active site of CDO. Reaction of 1 with O2 results in oxygenation of the thiolato sulfur, affording the sulfonato complex FeII(LN3SO3)(OTf) (2) under mild conditions. Isotope labeling studies show that O2 is the sole source of O atoms in the product and that the reaction proceeds via a dioxygenase-type mechanism for two out of three O atoms added, analogous to the dioxygenase reaction of CDO. The zinc(II) analog, Zn(LN3S)(OTf) (4), was prepared and found to be completely unreactive toward O2, suggesting a critical role for FeII in the oxygenation chemistry observed for 1. To our knowledge, S-oxygenation mediated by an FeII−SR comp...
Dependence of the Ca2+-inhibitable Adenylyl Cyclase of C6–2B Glioma Cells on Capacitative Ca2+ Entry

Abstract The ability of adenylyl cyclases to be regulated by physiological transitions in Ca2+ provides a key point for integration of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and cAMP signaling. Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclases, whether endogenously or heterologously expressed, require Ca2+ entry for their regulation, rather than Ca2+ release from intracellular stores (Chiono, M., Mahey, R., Tate, G., and Cooper, D. M. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1149–1155; Fagan, K., Mahey, R., and Cooper, D. M. F. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 12438–12444). The present study compared the regulation by capacitative Ca2+ entry versusionophore-mediated Ca2+ entry of an endogenously expressed Ca2+-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase in C6–2B cells. Even in the face of a dramatic [Ca2+]i rise generated by ionophore, Ca2+ entry via capacitative Ca2+entry channels was solely responsible for the regulation of the adenylyl cyclase. Selective efficacy of BAPTA over equal concentrations of EGTA in blunting the regulation of the cyclase by capacitative Ca2+ entry defined the intimacy between the adenylyl cyclase and the capacitative Ca2+ entry sites. This association could not be impaired by disruption of the cytoskeleton by a variety of strategies. These results not only establish an intimate spatial relationship between an endogenously expressed Ca2+-inhibitable adenylyl cyclase with capacitative Ca2+ entry sites but also provide a physiological role for capacitative Ca2+ entry other than store refilling.
BH3 Profiling Reveals Selectivity by Herpesviruses for Specific Bcl-2 Proteins To Mediate Survival of Latently Infected Cells

ABSTRACT Herpesviruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, establish latency by modulating or mimicking antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins to promote survival of carrier cells. BH3 profiling, which assesses the contribution of Bcl-2 proteins towards cellular survival, was able to globally determine the level of dependence on individual cellular and viral Bcl-2 proteins within latently infected cells. Moreover, BH3 profiling predicted the sensitivity of infected cells to small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 proteins.
Hamiltonian paths in vertex-symmetric graphs of order 4p

It is shown that every connected vertex-symmetric graph of order 4p (p a prime) has a Hamiltonian path.
PDIP38 is translocated to the spliceosomes/nuclear speckles in response to UV-induced DNA damage and is required for UV-induced alternative splicing of MDM2

PDIP38 (polymerase delta interacting protein 38) was originally discovered as a protein that interacts with DNA polymerase δ and PCNA. PDIP38 is present in multiple intracellular locations and is a multifunctional protein that has been implicated in several diverse cellular functions. We investigated the nuclear localization of PDIP38 in order to gain insights to its response to UV damage. PDIP38 was found to form distinct nuclear foci in response to UV irradiation in several cell lines, including HeLa S3 and A549 cells. However, these foci were not those associated with UV repair foci. Using various markers for different nuclear subcompartments, the UV-induced PDIP38 foci were identified as spliceosomes/nuclear speckles, the storage and assembly sites for mRNA splicing factors. To assess the role of PDIP38 in the regulation of splicing events, the effects of PDIP38 depletion on the UV-induced alternate splicing of MDM2 transcripts were examined by nested RT-PCR. Alternatively spliced MDM2 products were induced by UV treatment but were greatly reduced in cells expressing shRNA targeting PDIP38. These findings indicate that upon UV-induced DNA damage, PDIP38 is translocated to spliceosomes and contributes to the UV-induced alternative splicing of MDM2 transcripts. Similar results were obtained when cells were subjected to transcriptional stresses with actinomycin D or α-amanitin. Taken together, these studies show that PDIP38 is a protein regulated in a dynamic manner in response to genotoxic stress, as evidenced by its translocation to the spliceosomes. Moreover, PDIP38 is required for the induction of the alternative splicing of MDM2 in response to UV irradiation.
Hermaphroditic sex allocation with overlapping generations

Abstract This paper extends the theory of hermaphroditic sex allocation to overlapping generations for comparison with previous results on discrete generations. It derives ESS results under exponential population growth and for a population held stable through density dependent juvenile recruitment. The results apply to temporally constant and temporally variable environments.
The evaluation of impulse response testing in low signal-to-noise ratio environments

Impulse testing is used by industry professionals to test many parameters of room acoustics, including the energy decay, frequency response, time response, etc. Current testing software makes this process as streamlined as possible, but generally must be utilized in quiet environments to yield high signal-to-ratios and more precise results. However, many real world situations cannot conform to the necessary standards needed for reliable data. This study tests various methods of impulse responses in background noise environments in an attempt to find the most reliable procedure for spaces with a high ambient noise levels. Additionally, extreme situations will be evaluated and a method will be derived to correct for the systematic error attributed to high background noise levels.
The representation theory of fully group-graded algebras

Let G be a finite group, k an algebraically closed field of characteristic p, and R a fully G-graded k-algebra of finite dimension. The most trivial example of such an algebra is kG. This paper attempts to generalize the p-modular representation theory of the group algebra kG to the groupgraded algebra R. It is shown that most of the theory is the same for R as for kG. Two areas in which the representation theory of R differs from that of kG are the dimensions of induced modules and the properties of the defect groups of the blocks of R. If H is a subgroup of G and V is an R,-module, then the dimension of VR is not necessarily divisible by the dimension of V. If B is a block of R and D is a defect group of B, then D is a p-group as would be expected. However, it is not necessarily true that D is a Sylow intersection, nor that D = O,(N,(D)). In the first section we define what it means for an algebra to have a G-graded structure. We show how to give such a structure to the algebra M,(k) of r by r matrices over the field k whenever IGl <r. A number of basic results about fully G-graded algebras are then given. The second section deals with R-modules. Proofs are given of the Mackey decomposition formula, the existence of vertices and sources, and the Green correspondence. These three results were already known to hold for R-for example, they are mentioned in [6]-but proofs have not previously been given in the literature. They are proved here to make this paper more or less self-contained. Many of the proofs of supporting results for these theorems will not appear, as they are easy generalizations of the known proofs for R = kG. The reader will often be referred to [ 1 ] for these proofs. The third and last section contains new results. The Burry-Carlson-Puig theorem is generalized, and a new definition of the defect groups of a block
Physical simulation of an embedded surface mesh involving deformation and fracture

Physically simulating non-rigid virtual objects which can deform or break apart within their environments is now common in state-of-the-art virtual simulations such as video games or surgery simulations. Real-time performance requires a physical model which provides an approximation to the true solution for fast computations but at the same time conveys enough believability of the simulation to the user. By embedding a complex surface mesh within simpler physical geometry, the mesh complexity can be separated from the algorithmic complexity of the physical simulation. Embedding methods have been successful in production quality products (e.g. [Parker and O'Brien 2009]). In the presence of fracture it is still unclear how to derive the graphical representation of a solid object defined only as a surface mesh with no volume information.
“Baby” red cells to the rescue

The lack of availability of a reliable assay system for culturing of Plasmodium vivax parasites ex vivo has been a major impediment to furthering our understanding of an important human parasitic disease. In this issue of Blood, Russell and colleagues outline an ex vivo invasion assay of human reticulocytes by P vivax.1
The central Arctic Ocean sediment record: current progress in moving from a litho- to a chronostratigraphy

In recent years there has arisen a major controversy surrounding the ages of the sediments recovered from the central Arctic Ocean. Earlier interpretations (Steuerwald et al. 1968; Clark 1970. 1971; Hunkins et al. 1971; Clark et al. 1980) inferred that the rates were very low, and of the order of 0.2 to 0.005 cm/ 1,000 years. These ages were based primarily upon published interpretations of the paleomagnetic polarity records of central Arctic Ocean sediments. These interpretations have been challenged by Sejrup et al. (1984). These authors measured amino acid D/L ratios of planktonic and benthonic foraminifera in core T3-67-11. They interpreted their results to mean that central Arctic Ocean sedimentation rates were 10 to 20 times higher than had been previously reported. These authors pointed out that since the actual paleomagnetics data had only been published from one Arctic Ocean core, the published polarity interpretations could not be fully evaluated. Jansen et al. (1983) and Zahn et al. (1985) have looked at the stable isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera and the paleomagnetic records from cores to the north of the Fram Strait and within the Norwegian-Greenland Sea and suggested that the low sedimentation rate interpretations previously put forth could indeed be in error.
A model potential technique for the calculation of the band structure of poly(glycine)

The application of a model potential technique for calculating band structures of polymers is described. In this approach, the valence Hamiltonian is a sum of a kinetic term and of various effective atomic potentials chosen in a nonlocal form of Gaussian projectors. Results are given for poly(glycine) I (parallel and antiparallel).
A Re-investigation of Low Temperature Photochemistry of 11-cis-retinal Mechanism of Photoisomerization

Photoisomerization of 11-cis-retinal in an organic glass, believed to originate from the 12-s-cis con-former, gives an unstable primary photoproduct(s). The implication of simultaneous single and double bond isomerization is only consistent with an HT mechanism of isomerization. Relation of this isomerization process in the rigid medium of organic glasses with that reported for the same 11-cis-retinyl chromophore confined within the binding cavity of rhodopsin (as revealed by reported X-ray crystal structural study) is discussed.