cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved MOSFET electron mobility model for advanced gate dielectric stacks

The scaling of CMOS technology requires continued reduction in the capacitance equivalent thickness (CET) of the gate dielectric. Since scaling of pure Si02 to thicknesses less than 12 .& becomes problematic due to the increased tunneling current, it is necessary to incorporate a material with a higher dielectric constant into the gate stack. Integration of `true high-K? dielectrics, such as ZrO] or HQ, into a CMOS process flow still remains a major challenge. In contrast, an oxynitride/Si3N4 gate dielectric stack has been demonstrated in high-performance MOSFETs with the thinnest CET (7A) reported to date [I]. Therefore, Si3N4 and oxynitrides will likely be the most important gate dielectric aterials during this decade. Although alternative gate dielectrics suppress gate leakage current, they can degrade carrier channel mobility. In this work, we propose a quantitative model for electron mobility in MOSFETs with oxynitride/Si,N, gate dielectric. We also show that electron mobility is directly related to the nitrogen content in the dielectric film and to the fabrication conditions.
Modeling and managing the interactions between hydrology, ecology and economics

Summary This paper outlines a seven-step planning process being implemented on two large river basin studies currently underway in North America. One study involves the management of lake levels and flows in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River on the border between Canada and the US. The International Joint Commission that oversees all water management issues between these two countries supports this study. The other involves the Greater Everglades region in south Florida in the US. In both studies multiple agencies and multiple stakeholders are involved in an attempt to find better ways of meeting multiple economic, environmental and ecological objectives. Both studies were motivated by the desire to find ways of improving the habitat of ecosystems within their basins and at the same time providing no less, or if possible greater, economic and social benefits that are derived from reliable water supplies, flows, levels, and flood protection. The seven-step planning process attempts to provide a very transparent and fully participatory approach toward reaching a common vision among all agencies and stakeholders as to how their hydrological system can be adaptively managed to better meet current and future objectives. This paper presents the seven steps and focuses on how all the values of various objectives are being defined and considered, together, in an attempt to define what water management policy works best and to an agreement on just what is ‘best’.
Psychology of Trauma 101, by L. M. Ruglass and K. Kendall-Tackett

Psychology of Trauma 101 by Lesia M. Ruglass and Kathleen Kendall-Tackett is part of the Psych 101 series that includes Motivation 101, Emotional Intelligence 101, and so forth. The goal, I infer, ...
Senior Military Officers' Educational Concerns, Motivators and Barriers for Healthful Eating and Regular Exercise

ABSTRACT The increasing trend of overweight in the military, the high cost of health care associated with overweight, and the failure to meet some Healthy People 2000 objectives related to diet identify the need for more appropriate nutrition and fitness education for military personnel. The purpose of this study was to assess senior military officers' concerns on various health topics, educational preferences for nutrition and health topics, eating habits, and barriers and motivators for eating healthfully and exercising regularly. The survey was completed by 52 resident students at the U.S. Army War College. Fitness, weight, and blood cholesterol were top health concerns, and respondents wanted to know more about eating healthfully on the run. The primary barrier to eating healthfully and exercising regularly was lack of time, whereas health and appearance were top motivators. Health interventions for this population should include their topics of concern and should address perceived barriers and motiva...
Race, the Supreme Court, and the Judicial-Institutional Interest in Stability

For anyone interested in understanding the historical development of American constitutional law, one crucial issue that must be addressed are the various factors that have historically driven judicial behavior. In this Article, I aim to shed light on one set of influences upon judicial behavior that prevailing scholarship tends to underemphasize: the historically-embedded institutional interests of the judiciary itself. In particular, I focus on the Supreme Court's institutional interest in promoting stability. I argue that this judicial-institutional interest consistently emerges in the aftermath of transformative reforms that dismantle social hierarchy, and that it stems from both the unusual political context of post-reform periods and the Court's peculiar commitment to promoting legality values. Finally, I offer historical support for the theory by examining the post-Reconstruction and the post-Civil Rights Era race cases.
Irradiation testing of high-power-density vibropacked annular fuel

This paper describes an irradiation test of high-power-density internally and externally cooled annular fuel samples in the 5-MWMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) research reactor MITR-II. The design of the irradiation facility is briefly reviewed, with an emphasis on the thermal-hydraulic behavior of the irradiation capsules. The irradiation test is described, including the thermal history of the two irradiated samples. A discussion of the observed asymmetrical temperature profiles is provided. Results of preliminary postirradiation examination consisting of collimated gamma scans of the irradiation capsules to confirm burnup estimates and estimate fission gas release (FGR) are also presented. It is concluded that the vibropacked fuel samples' FGR is below 1%, and that is within the predictable range by a specially equipped FRAPCON model.
Mobiles–a Neglected Market Segment:

Mobile consumers are a relatively neglected market segment. This article, reporting on a comprehensive study of geographically mobile consumers, focuses on the following questions: (1) What are the...
High Power Explosive with Good Sensitivity: A 2:1 Cocrystal of CL-20:HMX

A novel energetic cocrystal predicted to exhibit greater power and similar sensitivity to that of the current military standard explosive 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazacyclooctane (HMX) is presented. The cocrystal consists of a 2:1 molar ratio of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), a powerful explosive too sensitive for military use, and HMX. A predicted detonation velocity 100 m/s higher than that of β-HMX, the most powerful pure form of HMX, was calculated for the cocrystal using Cheetah 6.0. In small-scale impact drop tests the cocrystal exhibits sensitivity indistinguishable from that of β-HMX. This surprisingly low sensitivity is hypothesized to be due to an increased degree of hydrogen bonding observed in the cocrystal structure relative to the crystals of pure HMX and CL-20. Such bonding is prevalent in this and other energetic cocrystals and may be an important consideration in the design of future materials. By being more powerful and safe to handle, the cocrys...
Multiplexed Molecular Imaging with Targeted SERS Nanoparticles for Rapid Tumor Detection

We demonstrate that imaging fresh tissues, topically stained with a multiplexed cocktail of biomarker-targeted SERS nanoparticles, allows for rapid (15 min) molecular phenotyping of the tissues to determine the presence of tumor.
The Bladder Mucosal Graft for Urethral Reconstruction

Single stage repairs of a variety of congenital and acquired urethral anomalies were performed in 16 male patients with free grafts of bladder mucosa. Of the patients 10 previously had undergone unsuccessful attempts at urethral reconstruction, including 9 boys with hypospadias. Grafts ranged between 2 and 8.5 cm. long. A fistula occurred postoperatively in 1 patient and it responded to prolonged suprapubic drainage. Meatal stenosis necessitated a further operation in 1 patient. The bladder mucosal graft technique should be considered for urethral reconstruction when prior attempts at repair have failed or when the disorder is primary, and local penile or preputial skin is deficient.
The genital mycoplasmas. Their role in disorders of reproduction and in pediatric infections.

M. hominis and T-mycoplasmas are common inhabitants of the human genitourinary tract. They have been isolated from the blood of women with postpartum fever, and have been associated with involuntary infertility, abortion, and low birth weight. M. hominis has been isolated from subcutaneous abscesses and has been associated with conjunctivitis in newborn infants.
Visna virus infection of sheep and human cells in vitro--an ultrastructural study.

Comparison of human astrocytes (1181N1 line) and sheep choroid plexus cells (SCP) infected with visna virus (V-1181N1 and V-SCP) shows that the mode of virus assembly and the morphology and size of the free virions are identical in the 2 systems. V-SCP cells usually cytolyse soon after infection; V-1181N1 cells do not. This is considered to be due to interference with membrane assembly in the former. Syncytial giant cells from both V-1181N1 and V-SCP cultures have a much looser attachment to the growth surface than their uninfected parents. This is shown to be associated with a loss of certain microfibrillar arrays close to the plasmalemma. Uninfected SCP cultures have cilia and desmosomes and retain these after infection till cytolysis; 1181N1 cells do not have these structures, but have a well developed microtubular system, which the SCP cells lack.
A Comparison of the Readability of Marketing Reserch Textbooks and Commercial Marketing Research White Papers

Concern over the decline in reading and writing skills for high school students has been a topic for several years. In 2007, the National Endowment for the Arts published an analysis of several national studies on reading in American life. This study concluded that Americans are spending less time reading and the reading comprehension skills are eroding. The study further indicates that less than one-third of high school seniors now read proficiently (score of 302 out of 500). Unfortunately, the declines in reading scores have also declined in adults at all educational levels. Scores for adults with a bachelor’s degree declined 11 points (325–314) from 1992 to 2003 and adults with graduate study/degrees by 13 points. These dismal figures have long-term implications for employers. Employers now rank reading and writing as top deficiencies in new hires (Conference Board 2006).
An Interview With Kimberly Danebrock Senior Risk Management and Patient Safety Specialist, Cooperative of American Physicians, Los Angeles, California, USA

As Joanna Belbey (2015) stated in Forbes last year, “social media is a platform where the public, patients and healthcare professionals can communicate about health issues and possibly improve heal...
Ultrastructural Studies of the Kinetics of Fusion

There have been many studies of the mechanisms of membrane fusion, using different physical and biochemical techniques. A large number of these works propose models depicting the structural changes during the fusion event. Most of these models are based on indirect evidence from physical measurements, and are not directly related to structural parameters. While models are very helpful in describing molecular events, the actual spatial arrangements of structural features during fusion events must be derived from visual data. Therefore, imaging studies at high spatial and temporal resolution are indispensable in the study of the mechanisms of membrane fusion.
Decentralized adaptive control of mismatched large scale interconnected nonlinear systems

Abstract We consider decentralized adaptive control design for a class of large-scale interconnected nonlinear systems with unknown interconnections, which do not satisfy the matching condition requirement. Large-scale nonlinear systems transformable to the decentralized strict feedback form are considered. Coordinate free geometric conditions under which any general interconnected nonlinear system can be transformed to this form are derived. The interconnections are assumed to be bounded by unknown polynomials in states. Global stability and asymptotic regulation are established using classical Lyapunov techniques. The controller is robust to a wide class of systems obtained by perturbations in the dynamics of the original system. Furthermore, appending additional subsystems does not require controller redesign for the original subsystems.
Bayesian Regression Trees for High-Dimensional Prediction and Variable Selection

ABSTRACTDecision tree ensembles are an extremely popular tool for obtaining high-quality predictions in nonparametric regression problems. Unmodified, however, many commonly used decision tree ensemble methods do not adapt to sparsity in the regime in which the number of predictors is larger than the number of observations. A recent stream of research concerns the construction of decision tree ensembles that are motivated by a generative probabilistic model, the most influential method being the Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) framework. In this article, we take a Bayesian point of view on this problem and show how to construct priors on decision tree ensembles that are capable of adapting to sparsity in the predictors by placing a sparsity-inducing Dirichlet hyperprior on the splitting proportions of the regression tree prior. We characterize the asymptotic distribution of the number of predictors included in the model and show how this prior can be easily incorporated into existing Markov chai...
Totally Implantable Wireless Ultrasonic Doppler Blood Flowmeters: Toward Accurate Miniaturized Chronic Monitors.

Abstract Totally implantable wireless ultrasonic blood flowmeters provide direct-access chronic vessel monitoring in hard-to-reach places without using wired bedside monitors or imaging equipment. Although wireless implantable Doppler devices are accurate for most applications, device size and implant lifetime remain vastly underdeveloped. We review past and current approaches to miniaturization and implant lifetime extension for wireless implantable Doppler devices and propose approaches to reduce device size and maximize implant lifetime for the next generation of devices. Additionally, we review current and past approaches to accurate blood flow measurements. This review points toward relying on increased levels of monolithic customization and integration to reduce size. Meanwhile, recommendations to maximize implant lifetime should include alternative sources of power, such as transcutaneous wireless power, that stand to extend lifetime indefinitely. Coupling together the results will pave the way for ultra-miniaturized totally implantable wireless blood flow monitors for truly chronic implantation.
The Abnormal Architecture of Healed Diabetic Ulcers Is the Result of FAK Degradation by Calpain 1

Delayed wound healing is a major complication of diabetes occurring in approximately 15% of chronic diabetic patients. It not only significantly affects patients' quality of life but also poses a major economic burden to the health care system. Most efforts have been focused on accelerating wound reepithelialization and closure. However, even after healing the quality of healed tissue in diabetics is abnormal and recurrence is common (50–75%). Thus, understanding how diabetes alters the ultimate mechanical properties of healed wounds will be important to develop more effective approaches for this condition. Focal adhesion kinase is an intracellular protein kinase that plays critical roles in cell migration, focal adhesion formation, and is an important component of cellular mechanotransduction. We have found that focal adhesion kinase expression is downregulated under a high glucose condition both in vitro and in vivo. This is secondary to increased activity of calpain 1, the primary enzyme responsible for focal adhesion kinase degradation, which becomes induced in hyperglycemia. We demonstrate that selective inhibition of calpain 1 activation improves wound healing and normalizes the mechanical properties of diabetic skin, suggesting a new therapeutic approach to prevent diabetic wound recurrence.
Band-pass compressive sampling as an enabling technology for rapid wideband RF spectrum sensing

Spectrum is the lifeblood of the future wireless networks and the data storm driven by the emerging technologies like Internet of Things, video over wireless will lead to a pressing artificial spectrum scarcity. Future smart terminals will need to quickly assess the spectrum usage and opportunistically use the available spectrum to overcome this challenge. They require energy-efficient spectrum scanning capabilities. We developed quadrature analog-to-information converters (QAIC), an energy-efficient compressed-sampling (CS) hardware architecture to process band-pass signals especially at RF frequencies [1]. The band-pass CS QAIC system offers a novel approach to attack the search for the quick detection of interferers in a wideband spectrum in an energy-efficient way. We further demonstrated time segmentation and adaptive thresholding with a time-segmented QAIC (TS-QAIC) to extend the interferer detection capabilities without any additional silicon cost and area [2], [3]. Such detectors are key cornerstones for future multi-tiered shared spectrum access solutions with dynamic spectrum sensing.
Patient on Oral Anticoagulant Presenting with ACS

Patients on oral anticoagulation potentially could present with acute coronary syndrome and providers needs to be aware of optimal management in this setting. Providers need to assess the type of anticoagulation the patient is on, assess the urgency of the procedure, and utilize bleeding avoidance strategies to mitigate risk.
KEYBOARD-DUO ARRANGEMENTS IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY MUSICAL LIFE

It is well known that the instrumentation of eighteenth-century chamber music was highly flexible; composers frequently adapted their own works for a variety of instruments, and players often used whatever combinations they had available. One type of arrangement little used today but attested to in both verbal description and musical manuscripts of the period is that of trios and other chamber works adapted for two keyboard instruments. Players often executed such keyboard-duo arrangements on instruments with different mechanisms and timbres – for example, harpsichord and piano together – thus capturing something of the variety of timbres available in a mixed chamber ensemble. Keyboard duos were often played by members of a single family, or by teachers and students together, a practice that allowed for the construction of a sense of ‘sympathy’ – mutual understanding through shared experience and sentiment – between the players. These players shared common physical gestures at the instruments, which reinforced the emotional content of the music; this fostered the formation of a sympathetic connection even as players retained their individual identities.
Evidence for major input of riverine organic matter into the ocean

Abstract The changes in the structure of XAD-8 isolated dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples along a river (Penobscot River) to estuary (Penobscot Bay) to ocean (across the Gulf of Maine) transect and from the Pacific Ocean were investigated using selective and two dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy coupled with elemental and carbon isotope analysis. The results provide important insights into the nature of relatively stable structures in the river-to-ocean continuum and the enigma of the fate of terrestrial DOM in the marine system. First, lignin and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAMs), which are indistinguishable from mass spectrometry, were clearly differentiated with NMR spectroscopy. NMR unambiguously showed that CRAMs persisted along the river-to-ocean transect and in the Pacific Ocean, while lignin residues dramatically decreased in abundance from the river to the coastal ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The results challenge a previous conclusion that lignin-derived compounds are refractory and can accumulate in the coastal ocean. The loss of terrestrial plant-derived aromatic compounds such as lignin and tannin residues throughout the sequence of riverine, coastal, and open ocean DOM extracts could also partially explain the decreasing organic carbon recovery by XAD-8 isolation and the change in carbon stable isotope composition from riverine DOM (δ 13 C −27.6‰) to ocean DOM (δ 13 C −23.0‰) extracts. The observation, from advanced NMR, of similar CRAM molecules in XAD-8 isolated DOM samples from the Penobscot River to the Penobscot Bay and from the ocean refutes a previous conclusion that XAD-isolated DOM samples from seawater and river are distinctly different. The alicyclic structural features of CRAMs and their presence as the major structural units in DOM extracts from the Penobscot River to Gulf of Maine transect, together with the deduced old 14 C age of CRAMs in the ocean, imply that terrestrial CRAMs may persist on timescales long enough to be transported into the ocean.
Desmoplastic nodular medulloblastoma in young children: a management dilemma.

Background Children with desmoplastic nodular medulloblastoma (DNMB) have excellent survival, leading multiple groups globally to attempt reduction of treatment-related morbidity. In 2013, the Children's Oncology Group began a clinical trial (ACNS1221) eliminating both radiation therapy (RT) and intraventricular methotrexate for children under 3 years of age with localized DNMB, aiming to build upon the excellent outcomes of the German HIT trials. ACNS1221 has recently closed due to increased incidence of recurrences noted at the 2-year interim analysis, raising important questions regarding optimal therapy for DNMB. Methods A review of major clinical trials that included children with DNMB was performed through July 2017. Results One hundred and eighty-eight DNMB patients enrolled on 11 prospective clinical trials were identified. The use of marrow-ablative chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (AuHCR) or treatment with intraventricular methotrexate has been associated with excellent outcomes. RT was usually required for patients with evidence of disease at the end of therapy. Conclusions The minimal intensity and duration of chemotherapy required to maximally cure children with DNMB without need of RT remains unknown. Further trials are required to better identify a subset of DNMB patients who can be cured without marrow-ablative chemotherapy or intraventricular methotrexate.
Predicting Harm Scores from Patient Safety Event Reports

The identification of the severity of patient safety events promotes prioritized safety analysis and intervention. The Harm Scale developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is widely used in the US hospitals. However, recent studies have indicated a moderate to poor inter-rater reliability of the Harm Scale across a number of US hospitals. Although the reasons are multi-folded, biased human judgments are recognized as a prominent factor. We proposed that key information to identify and refine the severity of harm is contained in the narrative data in patient safety reports. Using automated text classification to categorize harm scores is intended to provide reduced subjective judgments and much improved efficiency. We evaluated different types of classification algorithms using a corpus of patient safety reports from a US health care system. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods. Accordingly, human biases on the application of harm scores are expected to be largely reduced. Our finding holds promise to serve as a semi-supervised tool during the process of manually reviewing and analyzing patient safety events.
PET-CT/MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer: Physiologic Variations, Pitfalls, and Directed Applications

The strengths and potential pitfalls of functional FDG-positron emission tomographic imaging in patients with head and neck cancer, especially in those who have undergone surgery and/or chemoradiation therapy, will be covered and carefully reviewed. Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently performed using the radiopharmaceutical 18F-FDG, a d-glucose analog. The increased vascularity of tumors and glucose metabolism by neoplastic cells result in preferential uptake of FDG by these cells. The inability to process the metabolites of this modified glucose molecule causes intracellular accumulation of F18-containing radioisotopes in tumors. This has been invaluable in the evaluation of many cancer patients, and PET now plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis, staging, and re-staging of head and neck oncology patients. The ability to assess the functional status of tissue with FDG-PET has been remarkable, and addresses this well-known limitation of conventional cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Conversely, the excellent spacial resolution and the ability to analyze the relationship of neoplasms relative to critical adjacent anatomic structures on CT and MR imaging are a very important adjuvant to, and limitation of, PET. This chapter will emphasize pertinent head and neck anatomy, and common physiologic variations in PET imaging, with particular attention to those seen in the treated neck, and will illustrate the complimentary roles that PET and cross-­sectional imaging play in assessing patients with newly diagnosed and treated head and neck cancers. The precise roles that functional and anatomic imaging will play in monitoring therapy, surveillance imaging, and their potential impact on patient outcomes continue to evolve.
Origins, Atmospheric Transformations and Fate of Biologically Exchanged C, N and S Gases

Biologically exchanged gases and their reaction products are intimately involved in atmospheric processes critical to the stability of the climatic condition of the planet. This provides a compelling rationale for understanding the biogeochemical cycles of these ubiquitous substances. A general pattern exists for this set of atmospheric cycles, in which a biogenic trace gas is first produced in a volatile and reduced form, and then escapes to the atmosphere, where photochemical oxidation occurs. The oxidized products are eventually returned to the earth’s surface, either by dry deposition or in the form of rain or snow. Important atmospheric effects can occur either as a consequence of the primary biogenic gas emitted by the biota directly, or via the action of one or more of the reaction products of this primary emission.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Fourth-Year Medical School Elective Course in Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine

Objectives Knowledge of transfusion medicine by medical students is limited. Transfusion medicine physicians developed, implemented, and evaluated a half-day elective on transfusion medicine for fourth-year medical students. Methods The course included a didactic lecture with integrated audience response questions and role-playing, as well as a "Jeopardy"-style game to review the material. The same 10-question knowledge quiz was administered before and after the elective. Results Both knowledge quizzes were taken by 102 students. An average score of 3.3 was obtained on the initial quiz, with only three (3%) students having a passing score (≥6 correct questions). The average score after the elective was 6.6, with 83 (81%) students having a passing score. Students found the elective was informative (62 students, 60.8%), very useful (56, 54.9%), and practical (51, 50%), although some thought it was challenging (22, 21.6%). Conclusions A short course for medical students that allowed repetition of concepts using several teaching modalities improved their knowledge in transfusion medicine.
Reliability and Validity of a Brief Version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale in Outpatients with Psychosis

Individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty are hypothesized to play a role in certain difficulties and distress in individuals with psychosis. However, the few studies that have directly explored this have yielded mixed results, which are difficult to interpret because measures of intolerance of uncertainty have not been formally validated for use with this population. To this end, the primary goal of the present study was to validate a brief (9-item) version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (Freeston et al. Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 791–802 1994) in an outpatient sample of 252 adults with psychosis. Results showed strong evidence for reliability (internal consistency and 6-month test-retest), as well as concurrent, predictive, and discriminant validity. Scores from the brief IUS were significantly correlated with emotional distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, hopelessness), quality of life, global functioning, and delusions, but not hallucinations. Further, these scores predicted changes in levels of general anxiety over time. Notably, intolerance of uncertainty was associated with symptoms/distress and functioning above and beyond pertinent cognitive variables (e.g., defeatist beliefs, asocial beliefs), suggesting this brief scale has incremental validity. Overall, results suggest it is a promising tool for future research on psychosis, and possibly clinical work with this population.
Evaluation of Experimental Studies in the U-Rich Region of the U-Pu Phase Diagram

Upon the re-examination of two experimental studies, additional thermophysical data pertaining to the uranium-rich portion of the uranium-plutonium binary phase diagram have been elucidated. The first study involved the analysis of solidification cooling curves following the processing of U-Pu alloys. Two phase transitions (liquidus and bcc) were evaluated and the results agreed very well with the established boundaries. The second study was actually performed over sixty years ago but still warrants recognition due to the paucity of thermodynamic data on the U-Pu system to date. From the investigation, the activity coefficients of plutonium in liquid uranium from 1813 K to 2042 K were derived assuming Henry’s law from which the partial molar excess Gibbs energy change of plutonium was obtained: $$ \Delta \bar{G}^{\text{ex}} = R*T*\ln \gamma^{\text{o}}_{\text{Pu}} = - \;76694 + 39.2*T\left( {{\text{J}}/{\text{mol}}} \right). $$
Exploiting Knowledge Graph to Improve Text-based Prediction

As a special kind of "big data," text data can be regarded as data reported by human sensors. Since humans are far more intelligent than physical sensors, text data contains useful information and knowledge about the real world, making it possible to make predictions about real-world phenomena based on text. As all application domains involve humans, text-based prediction has widespread applications, especially for optimization of decision making. While the problem of text-based prediction resembles text classification when formulated as a supervised learning problem, it is more challenging because the variable to be predicted may not be directly derivable from the text and thus there is a semantic gap between the target variable and the surface features that are often used for representing text data in conventional approaches. In this paper, we propose to bridge this gap by using knowledge graph to construct more effective features for text representation. We propose a two-step filtering algorithm to enhance such a knowledge-aware text representation for a family of entity-centric text regression tasks where the response variable can be treated as an attribute of a group of central entities. We evaluate the proposed algorithm by using two revenue prediction tasks based on reviews. The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively leverage knowledge graphs to construct interpretable features, leading to significant improvement of the prediction accuracy over traditional features.
“Raising Unshirted Hell”: The Journalism of Norma Fields, State Capitol Correspondent for the Northeast (MS) Daily Journal

This article examines the career of journalist Norma Fields, who worked for the Northeast (MS) Daily Journal for twenty-four years (1964–1988), first as a part-time stringer and then as a political correspondent covering the state capitol in Jackson. The research featured herein analyzes the type of stories she covered, the content of her weekly political column, her style of reporting, and how each may have influenced state policy. The findings illuminate Fields’s influence as the first woman to cover the Mississippi state capitol on the perceptions of women journalists held by members of the state government. Fields’s story adds to a growing body of literature in the areas of women’s history and journalism history, which has omitted the experiences of women political correspondents at the state level, and this article describes a brand of journalism and set of professional experiences that challenged the status quo.
Discrimination by Design

Platform world is speeding the redesign of employment. Bricks-and-mortar firms once hired through narrow portals and then invested in the workers they hired, providing job security and predictable career ladders. Platform world flings the doors wide open to income-generating efforts, providing new opportunities but also offering security and predictable advancement to almost no one. Other legal scholars have mined these same data for gender disparities; they have found disparities in the platform economy arising from customer biases and individual preferences, and manifested in men’s and women’s different experiences in everything from pricing plumbing services to fraud prevention. Neutral-appearing algorithms may then amplify the impact on wages and opportunities. Because the outcomes are not equal, other scholars argue that these disparities should be actionable. Accordingly, they suggest various ways to adapt existing laws to remedy gender disparities. This Article is the first to develop an analysis of the multiple types of gender disparities in platform world. Rather than focus on the fact that disparities exist, this Article asks the question when—and even more provocatively, whether—they should matter. First, the Article documents the various sources and forms of gender disparities, setting up the argument that no one legal approach fits. Second, while some of those disparities are already actionable under existing antidiscrimination laws, even antidiscrimination law today rarely provides a viable cause of action simply because the results produce statistical disparities. In platform world, it’s not clear that the disparities are morally questionable, actionable under existing law, or appropriate subjects for regulation.The real issues in this new economy concern the lack of benefits,stability, and promotion opportunities. Antidiscrimination law can help those employed by platform companies, but not the gig workers who need health benefits and protection against harassment, nor the algorithms that need oversight. Consequently, existing antidiscrimination law is all but irrelevant except to address the most glaring discrepancies, and the real need is for a wholesale rethinking of the legal infrastructure necessary to realize the benefits of the platform economy for more than a few platform creators.
Fetal Myocardial Performance Index in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy: Feasibility and Reproducibility of Conventional Spectral Doppler versus Spectral Tissue Doppler Technique.

Objective This study aims to compare completion rates and reproducibility of myocardial performance index (MPI) using conventional spectral Doppler versus tissue Doppler in an unselected high-risk third trimester population. Study Design This was a prospective cross-sectional study of high-risk pregnancies at ≥28 + 0 weeks’ gestation. Conventional spectral and tissue Doppler MPI of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) was attempted on all patients. Results Seventy-nine pregnancies were evaluated. LV tissue Doppler MPI was completed more frequently than LV conventional spectral Doppler MPI (63/79, 79.7% vs. 45/79, 55.7%), p-value Conclusion Tissue Doppler had statistically higher completion rates than conventional spectral Doppler, including the obese subgroup, with evidence of strong reproducibility in the third trimester.
Demographics, Personality Traits, Roles, Motivations, and Attrition Rates of Hospice Volunteers

ABSTRACT The authors conducted a review of prior research on hospice volunteering. The results show that, in most cases, the hospice volunteer is a white, married, middle-aged, financially comfortable, unemployed, female who has some college education, strong religious beliefs and has experienced the loss of someone close (see Tables 1 and 2). The results also show that hospice volunteers tend to share certain personality traits reflecting compassion, tolerance, empathy and sensitivity among others. Volunteers tend to fulfill four roles: direct patient support, education, clerical assistance, and professional services (Bunn 1985). Motivations for volunteering and for continuing one's work as a volunteer appear to be for both personal and altruistic reasons. Primary reasons for discontinuing volunteer service include burnout, communication problems, unrealistic expectations, and insufficient use of the volunteer staff. Gaps in this area of research are identified and topics for further research are presented.
Translational and clinical advances in acute graft-versus-host disease

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is induced by immunocompetent alloreactive T lymphocytes in the donor graft responding to polymorphic and non-polymorphic host antigens and causing inflammation in primarily the skin, gastrointestinal tract and liver. aGvHD remains an important toxicity of allogeneic transplantation, and the search for better prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is critical to improve transplant outcomes. In this review, we discuss the significant translational and clinical advances in the field which have evolved based on a better understanding of transplant immunology. Prophylactic advances have been primarily focused on the depletion of T lymphocytes and modulation of T-cell activation, proliferation, effector and regulatory functions. Therapeutic strategies beyond corticosteroids have focused on inhibiting key cytokine pathways, lymphocyte trafficking, and immunologic tolerance. We also briefly discuss important future trends in the field, the role of the intestinal microbiome and dysbiosis, as well as prognostic biomarkers for aGvHD which may improve stratification-based application of preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Long-term treatment strategies and goal-directed therapy

Abstract In this chapter, we provide an approach to treating patients over the entire postmenopausal life span. We recommend treatment strategies that are most appropriate for age and severity of disease, with the focus on sequential therapies. The issues of when to continue, stop, and add therapy are discussed. Use of the antiresorptive agents, hormone/estrogen therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulators, bisphosphonates, and denosumab, as well as the anabolic agents, teriparatide, abaloparatide, and romosozumab, is considered.
Sameness and Differentness While Using a Wheelchair: A Custom Lab Coat to Fit in

This lab coat design is user-centered, adaptive, and designed specifically to an individual’s needs. It is also a professional uniform that is meant to democratize and act as an extension of the organization for which one works. By balancing the concepts of sameness and differentness, this design supports the role clothing plays in creating one’s social identity.
On Stock Return Seasonality and Conditional Heteroskedasticity

We model the seasonal volatility of stock returns using GARCH specifications and size-sorted portfolios. Estimation results indicate that there are volatility differences between months of the year and that these seasonal volatility patterns are conditional on firm size. Additionally, we find that seasonal volatility does not explain seasonal returns when the reward for risk is held constant over the sample period. Specifically, our results indicate that much of the abnormal return in January for small firms cannot be entirely attributed to either higher systematic risk or a higher premium in January.
Curvelet decomposition for detection of cylindrical targets

Curvelets are a multiscale system with very high directional sensitivity. A new detection algorithm is herein described which operates on a curvelet decomposition of acoustic imagery. The algorithm detects the presence of cylindrical targets through a statistical mapping of curvelet coefficients. The coefficients are calculated as an inner product between image features and a curvelet basis element. The similarity in appearance between cylindrical targets and curvelet basis elements yield an accurate detection algorithm with a very low false alarm rate.
'Made in China 2025' and the Limitations of U.S. Trade Policy

Made in China 2025 (MIC 2025) is emblematic of China’s 21st century industrial policy. Substantial government-directed resources support private-sector efforts consistent with the plan, the heart of which is to acquire advanced technology. Industrial robots and plug-in electric vehicles are two targeted technologies for which China is capturing ever-greater market share domestically. Industrial policy is enabling this progress, although there are signs of inefficiency, especially in terms of government subsidies. And it may be too early to tell if China will lead in pushing the technology frontier outward through indigenous innovation. From a US perspective, trade policy offers a limited set of tools to address China’s challenge. Outside of trade policy, the most promising policy option is to increase government investment in pre-commercial research and development.
Pharmacologically induced/exacerbated restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements of sleep, and REM behavior disorder/REM sleep without atonia: literature review, qualitative scoring, and comparative analysis.

Background Pharmacologically induced/exacerbated restless legs syndrome (RLS), periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), and REM behavior disorder/REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) are increasingly recognized in clinical sleep medicine. A scoring system to evaluate the literature was created and implemented. The aim was to identify the evidence with the least amount of confound, allowing for more reliable determinations of iatrogenic etiology. Methods Points were provided for the following criteria: manuscript type (abstract, peer-reviewed paper); population size studied (large retrospective study, small case series, case report); explicitly stated dosage timing; identification of peak symptoms related to time of medication administration (i.e., medication was ingested in the evening or at bedtime); initiation of a treatment plan; symptoms subsided or ceased with decreased dosage or drug discontinuation (for RLS articles only); negative personal history for RLS prior to use of the medication; exclusion of tobacco/alcohol/excessive caffeine use; exclusion of sleep disordered breathing by polysomnography (PSG); and PSG documentation of presence or absence of PLMS. For RLS and PLMS articles were also given points for the following criteria: each 2003 National Institutes of Health (NIH) RLS criteria met; exclusion of low serum ferritin; and exclusion of peripheral neuropathy by neurological examination. Results Thirty-two articles on drug-induced RLS, 6 articles on drug-induced PLMS, and 15 articles on drug-induced RBD/ RSWA were analyzed. Conclusion Based on scores or = 10 are for the following drugs: bupropion, citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. Based on scores > or = 10 and/or trials of medication cessation, the strongest evidence for drug induced RBD/ RSWA is for the following drugs: clomipramine, selegiline, and phenelzine.
Family conflict and children's internalizing and externalizing behavior: Protective factors.

The current investigation examined whether the positive association of family conflict to adolescent depression and conduct problems is attenuated by maternal, paternal, and peer attachment, and maternal and paternal monitoring, within a low-income, multiethnic sample of 284 adolescents. Parental attachment and monitoring moderated the link from family conflict to conduct problems but not depression; the relationships among family conflict, the hypothesized protective factors, and conduct problems were further modified by adolescent gender but not ethnicity. In general, higher levels of the hypothesized protective factors attenuated the relationship between family conflict and conduct problems for girls but exacerbated this relationship for boys. These findings suggest that, in general, parental attachment and monitoring served as protective factors for girls while serving as additional risk factors for boys in conflictual families.
Typing References by Effect Inference

Hindley/Milner-style polymorphism is a simple, natural, and flexible type discipline for functional languages, but incorporating imperative extensions is difficult. We present a new technique for typing references in the presence of polymorphism by inferring a concise summary of each expression's allocation behavior—a type effect. A simple technique for proving soundness with respect to a reduction semantics demonstrates that the type system prevents type errors. By establishing that the system corresponds to an alternate system better suited to implementation, we obtain an algorithm to perform type and effect inference.
A Bundle of Joy: Does Parenting Really Make Us Miserable?

Previous research suggests that parents are less happy than non-parents. We critically assess the extant literature and reexamine the relationship between parental status and happiness using the GSS and LSS. We find that estimates of the “parental happiness gap” are sensitive to the inclusion of standard covariates, parents are becoming happier over time relative to non-parents, and non-parents' happiness is declining absolutely. These results are consistent across two datasets, apply to most sub-groups, and are robust to specification checks. Finally, we present evidence that suggests that children may inoculate parents against some social and economic forces that are reducing happiness.
Coliform Bacteria in Sediments Around Three Marine Sewage Outfalls1

The distribution of coliforms in the sediments around three marine sewage outfalls was investigated. It was found that coliform fields extended for considerable distances around the two outfalls discharging unchlorinatcd primary treatment effluent and that a less extensive field existed around the outfall discharging more highly treated sewage. In general, the coliforms in the sediments were found in areas beneath the path of movement of the effluent field in the surface water. It is probable that the bulk of the coliforms reach the sediments by sedimentation from the overlying waters. Although the coliforms in the sediments must persist for a sufficiently long period to permit the accumulation of large numbers by deposition from low count waters, no precise estimate of the survival time in the sediment could be made.