cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excitation of Molecular Material Near the Young Stellar Object LkHalpha-234 in NGC 7129

With the Spitzer-IRS we have obtained the first mid-IR spectroscopy of NGC 7129, in the unusually strong outflow and in a ridge of H_2 emission near the Herbig Be star LkHalpha-234. The UV radiation field strength is estimated from PAH band intensities in the H_2 ridge, and from the rotational H_2 emission lines we have deduced aperture average excitation temperatures and column densities in the two regions, finding the H_2 ridge values to be consistent with pumping by UV fluorescence, but also comparable to regions that form H_2 in non-dissociative C-shocks. The H_2 emission in the outflow is consistent with formation by collisional excitation in J-shocks, with shock velocities of 10 - 30 km/sec. A photodissociating component may be present in the outflow, by similarity of S(0) line intensities in both regions. There is no indication of warm dust in the outflow. We also present the first 16um imaging of a Galactic nebula using the unique imaging capabilities of the IRS, and combine with ground-based 2.12um (H_2 1-0 S(1)) imaging. Candidate pre-main sequence objects are clearly evident in these data. We also find extended emission not previously observed around the young B star BD+65 1638, ~22'' across, showing that the region is not free of material as otherwise inferred by recent high angular resolution mapping at submillimeter wavelengths. The presence of this material complicates interpretation of the surrounding CO cavity and origin(s) of the photodissociated region, and further spectroscopic observations are needed to characterize its nature.
Leveraging informal community food systems to address food security during COVID-19

First paragraph: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has dramatically reshaped the U.S. food system and how people interact with it—more specifically, how people interact with their community food environment. The food environment is the distribution of food sources within a community, including the number, type, location, and accessibility of retail food outlets (Glanz, Sallis, Saelens, & Frank, 2005). Systemic injustices shape our food system and lead to a lack of access to healthier food and beverages for low-income and communities of color (Baker, Schootman, Barnidge, & Kelly, 2006; Bower, Thorpe, Rohde, & Gaskin, 2014). These neighborhood disparities have concrete effects on health, including increasing people’s risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and stroke (Franco, Diez Roux, Glass, Caballero, & Brancati, 2008; Richardson, Boone-Heinonen, Popkin, & Gordon-Larsen, 2012). COVID-19 exacer­bates these long-standing disparities, disproportionately affecting low-income people and communities of color. Brutal structural inequalities have resulted in Black and Latinx Americans being 2.7 and 3.1, respectively, times more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 (Moore et al., 2020). . . .
Medical Library Association Diversity and Inclusion Task Force Report

The Medical Library Association (MLA) appointed a Diversity and Inclusion Task Force (DITF) in 2017. Sandra G. Franklin, AHIP, FMLA, chaired the task force and guided initiatives. From 2017 to 2020, the task force completed a review of MLA defining documents—including the mission, vision, values, and code of ethics—resulting in language updates to these documents. As MLA transitioned through the communities process, the DITF contributed to the transition. Other recommended essential changes to MLA profiles to promote awareness included updating pronouns to promote gender inclusivity and suggestions for the Annual Meeting Innovation Task Force. DITF members actively brought diversity and inclusion programming and engagement to MLA members at annual meetings. The task force held a fish bowl conversation, an open forum, and a Diversity Dialogues roundtable discussion; provided interactive discussion boards; and designed an MLA diversity button. Beyond MLA annual meetings, the task force hosted two critical librarianship meetings and a Twitter chat to engage MLA members with diversity and inclusion topics. Task force members promoted diversity and inclusion beyond their task force appointments with presentations at chapter meetings and other non-DITF MLA annual meeting programming. A notable task force accomplishment included completing a survey of MLA members to gather baseline demographic characteristics, including never before collected data about disability, socioeconomics, and caregiver status. This report provides an overview of DITF activities from 2017 to 2020.
Traversing the succession of space to place to home: a kinesthetic comprehension of the body as it forms an epistemology of space

This research investigates how the kinesthetic body forms knowledge of an environment and how that knowledge transforms with the involvement of participants. A Practice as Research (PAR) methodolog...
The evolution of norms within a society of captives

How do norms evolve when people have no choice to opt out of social interactions? One example of such a setting is prison. Past research usually relies on ethnographic work to understand the emergence and maintenance of norms among prisoners. We instead use this rich qualitative literature to inform an agent-based model to demonstrate how norms evolve in response to demographic changes in prison. In the model, agents play a one-shot, though possibly repeated, prisoner’s dilemma with other agents. Agents lack the ability to decline to play with their selected opponent. We consider tag-mediated play and norm enforcement as mechanisms to facilitate prisoner cooperation and to examine the effects of increasing prison populations and increasing ethnic heterogeneity on the maintenance of cooperative norms. We also calibrate the model with empirical data from the California prison system. Parameters of the model correspond to demographic changes between 1951 and 2016, where the size of the prison population increased 14-fold and ethnic heterogeneity by 30%. Simulation results show that such changes dramatically decrease levels of cooperation and compliance. These results are consistent with the actual observed breakdown of the cooperative norms in California prisons.
Do Multiple Contacts Matter

We experimentally investigate how simultaneous interaction in multiple strategic settings influences the collusive behavior of agents. We utilize theory developed by Bernheim and Whinston (1990), which studies multi-market contact between price-setting firms, to derive the conditions under which agents can support collusion in symmetric and asymmetric environments (i.e., in the symmetric environment, every individual receives the same payoffs, in the asymmetric environment, one individual receives higher payoffs than the other). Theoretically, under both symmetry and asymmetry of payoffs, multiple contacts can facilitate collusion. We test our theoretical prediction experimentally. We find no significant increase in collusion due to multiple interactions when analyzing the average actions individuals chose. While we do not see a significant difference in average actions, theory and our analysis of the experimental data suggest that the effects of multiple contacts can be uncovered by studying the strategies that generated the observed actions as different strategies can lead to similar levels of collusion. Consequently, we estimate the underlying strategies that subjects use. To this end, we extend popular strategies (e.g., Grim Trigger, Tit-for-Tat, etc.) to condition on the history observed in multiple strategic settings. Our strategy estimation results show that only for asymmetric payoffs subjects use these new strategies
Structure and dynamics of small polyimide oligomers with silicon as a function of aging.

The effect of UV curing and shearing on the structure and behavior of a polyimide (PI) binder as it disperses silicon particles in a battery electrode slurry was investigated. PI dispersant effectiveness increases with UV curing time, which controls the overall binder molecular weight. The shear force during electrode casting causes higher molecular weight PI to agglomerate, resulting in battery anodes with poorly dispersed Si particles that do not cycle well. It is hypothesized that when PI binder is added above a critical amount, it conformally coats the silicon particles and greatly impedes Li ion transport. There is an “interzonal region” for binder loading where it disperses silicon well and provides a coverage that facilitates Li transport through the anode material and into the silicon particles. These results have implications in ensuring reproducible electrode manufacturing and increasing cell performance by optimizing the PI structure and coordination with the silicon precursor.
Realism and Utopia in The Authoritarian Personality

In this essay, I offer some thoughts on the problem of self-reflexivity in critical theory, with special attention to the way in which this problem is thematized in The Authoritarian Personality (1...
Doctors and their workshops: A spatial perspective

Abstract This paper offers a theoretical model of the spatial relationship between physicians and hospitals in urban areas. Previous conceptions about the same were based on implicit restrictions on the physician-service production function. By allowing physicians to determine location jointly with input and output levels, the model relaxes these restrictions. In result, the spatial relationship between physicians and hospitals depends on the ability of physicians to substitute ambulatory for hospital care and upon the influence of transportation costs on scale economies. Further, the model extends the theory of production in space and offers an explanation for previously reported mixed empirical results.
An Economic Theory of Criminal Excuse

Criminal law, reflecting widely accepted "act theory," typically holds that responsibility depends on a defendant's ability to engage in reason-guided behavior. The criminal law excuses defendants with diminished rationality, such as the insane and those who kill in the heat of passion. Act theory, however, often provides vague, difficult-to-apply legal tests for juries because it often cannot specify how and to what degree rationality must be compromised. As a result, criminal law appeals to such notions as a "person of reasonable fumness" or "adequate provocation." Partly in response to these shortcomings, character or interpretive theorists have rejected act theory as a basis for criminal responsibility. They argue instead that excuse turns on explicitly normative preferences about actors' motivation, personality or social position. Oddly, this position produces even vaguer and arguably capricious tests for juries to use when determining whether excuse should apply. This Article applies a straightforward economic cost-benefit analysis to clarify act theory so as to produce a more coherent and workable excuse doctrine. It accepts, as a starting point, that criminal responsibility turns on the capacity for reasonresponsive behavior or "practical reason." The Article points out, however, that actors can change their responsiveness to reason within relatively broad parameters. This insight makes explicit a moral judgment implicit in criminal responsibility: the law expects actors to achieve and maintain a certain capacity for practical reason so as to avoid criminal acts. Excuse is, therefore, appropriate when the cost of rendering one's behavior legal-by correcting faulty beliefs, illicit desires, or weak willexceeds the avoided crime's injuriousness, considering the crime's probability or foreseeability. Identifving the specific cost structures of "moral cognitive competence" provides a guide for more concrete, economic tests for the various legal excuses. In application, because of the high costs crimes, particularly violent crimes, impose, culpability would turn on whether actors have sufficient notice of their likelihood to commit crime but failed to improve their practical reasoning. This test offers a vastly * Associate Professor of Law, Michigan State University College of Law. J.D., 1995, University of Pennsylvania Law School; B.A., 1990, Yale University. The author thanks the participants of George Mason University School of Law Faculty Workshop for their excellent and insightful comments, particularly Bruce Kobayashi, as well as Stephen Morse and Michael Moore. Pro Julia omnibus operibus perfectibus. HeinOnline -50 B.C. L. Rev. 87 2009 Boston College Law Review simplified alternative to the standards the excuses currently employ, such as heat-of-passion's reasonable man or duress's person of reasonable
Response to Comment on “Cutting Edge: TLR4 Deficiency Confers Susceptibility to Lethal Oxidant Lung Injury”

Doctors Kubo and Ishizawa raise two issues regarding our studies demonstrating the increased susceptibility of TLR4 −/− hyperoxic lung injury ([1][1]). The first issue raised is the fact that C3H/HeJ mice, which have mice to defective TLR4 expression, are resistant to hyperoxia ([2][2]), which
Why do cells cycle with a 24 hour period

A typical proliferating human cell divides on average every 24 h. This division timing allows cells to synchronize with other physiological processes and with the environment. The circadian clock, which orchestrates daily rhythms, directly regulates the cell division cycle and is a major synchronizing factor. There is, however, no evidence that the circadian clock is able to entrain the cell cycle to a 24 h period. We show here, using a computational model for the cell cycle, that cells under circadian control that have an interdivision time close to multiples of 24 h proliferate faster. Moreover, growth of cell populations with a markedly different cell cycle time is impaired. We propose that this resonance effect in cell proliferation has a role to play in efficient normal cell proliferation and suppression of tumor growth.
Ovulation studies with direct current potentials.

Abstract With the Schorr-Lamport millivoltmeter method of registering potential, ovulation could not be determined in the human being.
The Decision Diffie-Hellman Problem

The Decision Diffie-Hellman assumption (ddh) is a gold mine. It enables one to construct efficient cryptographic systems with strong security properties. In this paper we survey the recent applications of DDH as well as known results regarding its security. We describe some open problems in this area.
Generalized and localized biased hypermutation affecting the matrix gene of a measles virus strain that causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Abstract The matrix (M) genes of Yamagata-1 strain subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus passaged in African green monkey kidney cells and human neuroblastoma cells displayed strikingly nonrandom sequence divergence. The genes of both substrains shared a large number of uridine (U) to cytidine (C) transitions, but the latter contained numerous additional U to C changes in a localized region. Over 90% of the additional mutations were identical to the hypermutated nucleotides in the M gene found in a measles inclusion body encephalitis case. The nonrandom nature, the apparent host dependency, and the abrupt boundaries of these mutations suggest that these mutations might be caused by an extrinsic biased mutational activity rather than intrinsic polymerase errors. This mutational activity might account for the extraordinarily high C to U ratios in the non-protein-coding regions of both the M and fusion genes of wild-type measles virus.
Abstract 13926: Testosterone Drop Predicts Glucose Rise in Men on Statins

Background: Data from the UCSD Statin Study previously showed that statins significantly reduce testosterone in men, with magnitude of drop related to LDL-drop on simvastatin and to HDL-rise on pravastatin. Since lower testosterone is linked to greater diabetes risk in men: we conjectured that testosterone drop on statins might contribute to instances of glucose rise on statins. Methods: 1016 participants in the UCSD Statin Study underwent sex-stratified randomization equally to simvastatin 20mg, pravastatin 40mg or placebo for 6 months; 692 were men (age 20-85). Fasting glucose (mg/dL) and testosterone (ng/mL) were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Regression analysis with robust standard errors evaluated the relation of change in testosterone to change in glucose in men, adjusted for baseline testosterone and baseline glucose. Analyses were stratified by randomization assignment and age (≥55, N=353 vs age Results: Change in testosterone predicted change in glucose on statins [[Unable to Display Character: –]] and also on placebo (consistent with previously known relationships of testosterone to glucose in men). The magnitude of association was apparently larger on statins, particularly simvastatin, than on placebo in older age (≥ 55). Discussion: Statin induced reductions in testosterone, coupled with association of testosterone drop to glucose rise, may contribute to instances of glucose elevation in men on statins.
Structural relationship, biosynthesis, and immunocytochemical localization of uteroferrin-associated basic glycoproteins.

Abstract Uteroferrin, a progesterone-induced secretory protein of the pig uterus, can noncovalently associate with additional progesterone-induced glycoproteins (uteroferrin-associated glycoproteins or UfAP) to form a heterodimer. The UfAP were dissociated from uteroferrin by passage through an immunoaffinity column. The flow through material consisted of two immunologically related variants of different size (Mr = 47,000-50,000 and Mr = 39,000-40,000) forms. By using an antiserum to all molecular weight components of the UfAP, it was shown that these glycoproteins were localized in the glandular epithelium of the uterus. Amino acid sequence analysis of the higher molecular weight (Mr = 47,000-50,000) form indicated it had a common amino-terminal sequence which was distinct from that of the lower molecular weight (Mr = 39,000-40,000) form. Endoglycosidase F treatment converted the Mr = 47,000-50,000 form to a common product with Mr = 43,000. Tryptic peptide analysis showed that the Mr = 39,000-40,000 form was closely related in primary sequence to the larger species. When endometrial RNA was translated in vitro, a single major product (Mr = 45,000) was immunoprecipitated by using the UfAP antiserum. These results suggest that the different forms of the UfAP originate from a single precursor by differential glycosylation and peptide cleavage. Endometrial explant cultures released all forms of the glycoproteins. When [32P]orthophosphate was provided, label was incorporated into the 6-position of D-mannosyl residues on the oligosaccharide chains of the UfAP. Therefore the associated glycoproteins have a structural feature normally associated with lysosomal enzymes.
Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry: Prospect and Retrospect

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the preparation and arrangement of manuscripts of reviews of heterocyclic chemistry. The figures, tables, equations, chemical formulae, and abbreviations used in heterocyclic chemistry are also presented in the chapter. Manuscripts should be divided into sections and, where desirable, into subsections, each having a short descriptive title. Reviews of heterocyclic chemistry often deal with a particular group of compounds based on a single ring or group of closely related ring systems. A section on structure in reviews of heterocyclic chemistry covers several main divisions including theoretical methods, molecular dimensions, molecular spectra, thermodynamic aspects, and tautomerism. The tables present in the manuscripts of reviews of heterocyclic chemistry should be numbered, using roman numerals, in order of their mention in the text and is given a brief title. The reaction equations should be numbered, if reference is made to them in the text, by Arabic numbers enclosed in parentheses. When used in conjunction with numerals, abbreviations should be used for internationally accepted units. The suggested forms for abbreviations are— %, cm, cm 3 , gm, mg, kg, ml, °C, cal, and kcal.
Constrictive pericarditis complicating cardiac transplantation

Constrictive pericarditis is a disease characterized by progressive pericardial fibrosis. If left untreated it can lead to progressive heart failure and can be severely disabling. Medical management with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with colchicine is promising in the acute phase of the disease but for more chronic cases pericardiectomy offers the best chance for hemodynamic recovery. Constrictive pericarditis after cardiac transplantation is a rare phenomenon. Current literature suggests that early pericardiectomy may be the most effective treatment in this subset of patients as well.
8 Immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the immunopathogenesis of hepatitis C. Indirect evidence for a protective role of the cellular immune response is provided by observations that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte as well as T helper cells have been shown in the blood of HCV RNA-negative persons who were exposed to HCV repeatedly and in people who resolved HCV infection spontaneously. However, the high incidence of chronic hepatitis indicates that most individuals are incapable of spontaneously mounting an immune response that will clear the virus. Even after the resolution of primary infection, reinfection can occur with heterologous or homologous virus, suggesting that the immune response may be short-lived, weak, or narrowly focused to confer protection against reinfection. In addition, diverse HCV genotypes, subtypes, and quasispecies increase the potential for viral escape from immunosurveillance. Therefore, the identification of the immunologic and virologic correlates that determine resolution versus chronic evolution of HCV infection and the development of vaccines and immunotherapy for HCV will be challenging endeavors.
Arabidopsis DCP2, DCP1, and VARICOSE Form a Decapping Complex Required for Postembryonic Development

mRNA turnover in eukaryotes involves the removal of m7GDP from the 5′ end. This decapping reaction is mediated by a protein complex well characterized in yeast and human but not in plants. The function of the decapping complex in the development of multicellular organisms is also poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis thaliana DCP2 can generate from capped mRNAs, m7GDP, and 5′-phosphorylated mRNAs in vitro and that this decapping activity requires an active Nudix domain. DCP2 interacts in vitro and in vivo with DCP1 and VARICOSE (VCS), an Arabidopsis homolog of human Hedls/Ge-1. Moreover, the interacting proteins stimulate DCP2 activity, suggesting that the three proteins operate as a decapping complex. Consistent with their role in mRNA decay, DCP1, DCP2, and VCS colocalize in cytoplasmic foci, which are putative Arabidopsis processing bodies. Compared with the wild type, null mutants of DCP1, DCP2, and VCS accumulate capped mRNAs with a reduced degradation rate. These mutants also share a similar lethal phenotype at the seedling cotyledon stage, with disorganized veins, swollen root hairs, and altered epidermal cell morphology. We conclude that mRNA turnover mediated by the decapping complex is required for postembryonic development in Arabidopsis.
Control of heart rate versus rhythm in rheumatic atrial fibrillation: a randomized study.

Background: Patients with rheumatic heart disease with atrial fibrillation incur significant morbidity and mortality. Which approach, ventricular rate control or maintenance of sinus rhythm, in thi...
A METHOD FOR ASSESSING ADAPTIVE EGO FUNCTIONING USING THE THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST

(1966). A Method for Assessing Adaptive Ego Functioning Using the Thematic Apperception Test. The Journal of Experimental Education: Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 1-21.
Quantum Electrodynamics, Phase Shifts and the Kondo Effect

On montre que la charge nue en electrodynamique quantique doit etre infinie, si la serie de perturbation renormalisee est asymptotique a une theorie consistante sous jacente
Comparison Between Ophthalmoscopy and Fundus Photography in Determining Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy was assessed in a population-based study of 2708 diabetic persons in southern Wisconsin. The retinopathy levels as determined by ophthalmoscopy and by the grading of stereoscopic fundus photographs were compared in the eyes of 1949 persons. Ophthalmoscopy was performed by an ophthalmologist and a specially trained optometrist and ophthalmic technician. Consultation among the three examiners was permitted. There was exact agreement between ophthalmoscopy and grading for detecting retinopathy (none, nonproliferative, proliferative) 85.7% of the time. The kappa statistic, which corrects for chance agreement, was 0.749. There were no significant differences among the three ophthalmoscopists. Ophthalmoscopy was more likely to disagree with fundus photography grading in eyes with less severe forms of retinopathy and in patients examined early in the study. Other factors found to influence the degree of agreement were age, visual acuity, and duration of diabetes. It is concluded that with proper training ophthalmoscopy can be an acceptable alternative to fundus photography in certain situations.
Hormonal control of thyroid phosphorylase.

Abstract A new radiometric assay has been developed for glucose 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. The assay permits sensitive estimation of phosphorylase activities at extremely low levels. This feature has allowed the detection of phosphorylase activities in thyroid, a tissue previously shown to be refractory to phosphorylase measurement by conventional techniques. The assay has, in addition, permitted a demonstration of the responsiveness of thyroid slice phosphorylase to several effector substances. It has been shown that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) elevates phosphorylase a levels with concomitant decreases in phosphorylase b levels in time periods of less than 1 min. Carbamylcholine, in contrast to its action in heart tissue, elevates thyroid phosphorylase a levels in a manner analogous to that of TSH. Since N6-2′-O-dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate induces the same qualitative responses in enzyme level, these data have been interpreted to suggest that TSH and cholinergic agents achieve their effects on phosphorylase through control of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate titers. Thyroid phosphorylase has also been shown to be sensitive to the presence of glucose. As compared to controls without glucose, thyroid slices incubated in the presence of the carbohydrate exhibit markedly reduced phosphorylase a levels. Homogenate studies suggest the phosphorylase a phosphatase controlled hydrolysis of phosphorylase a as a potential site of glucose action.
Application of glow discharge Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to isotope ratio measurements

Abstract The combination of a glow discharge ionization source with a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer provides several advantages for elemental analysis; among these is an isotope ratio measured at the highest possible mass resolving power. In this report, lead ratios (206Pb/208Pb, 207Pb/208Pb, and 207Pb/206Pb) in a sample composed of 10% lead oxide, 10% mercuric oxide, and 80% silver powder (w/w) were observed to be precise to better than ±3% relative standard deviation (RSD at 1 σ) in a commercial FTICR instrument that used a conventional elongated cell. Upon incorporation of a cell whose excitation voltages approximated those in an ideal cell of infinite length, the precision improved to better than ±0.4% RSD. The isotopic bias between measured and known values was also evaluated. Using a cathode composed of 5% National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 987 SrCO3 in silver powder, biases that averaged less than 2.5% were detected using the cell of improved design. These results compared favorably with those obtained using a commercial magnetic sector glow discharge mass spectrometer, although it is still unclear how glow discharge mass spectrometry biases vary in general.
Steroid dehydrogenases in rabbit liver of various developmental stages

Abstract The enzymatic systems generally termed 3β, 3α- and 17β-hydroxy-steroid oxidoreductase have been examined in the liver of rabbits of various ages. Livers of the rabbit fetus of 30–33 days gestation is virtually inactive in all of these transactions. The relative inefficiency of these enzymes may in part explain the peculiar steroidal patterns of mammalian fetal and neonatal life.
Diagnostic procedures in feline dermatology.

The proper performance and interpretation of diagnostic tests are crucial in the management of the feline patient with dermatologic disease. A thorough history and complete physical examination should be performed on each patient, followed by appropriate diagnostic tests for the problems identified in the patient. This article reviews the indications, methodology, and key features of diagnostic procedures used in dermatology.
Traumatic left ventricular aneurysm and tricuspid insufficiency in a child

We describe a rare combination of left ventricular aneurysm and severe tricuspid valve insufficiency in a 9-year-old boy who sustained blunt chest trauma in a motor vehicle accident. The child underwent successful aneurysmorrhaphy and tricuspid valve replacement 9 months after the accident.
Voltammetric investigation of macrolides by an HPLC-coulometric assay.

Abstract Voltammograms of macrolides, including anhydroerythromycin A, azithromycin, erythromycin A, erythromycin A enol ether, pseudoerythromycin A enol ether, oleandomycin and tylosin have been investigated using a dual electrode cell in combination with a high-throughput LC method. The half-wave potentials ( E 1/2 ) of the seven macrolides investigated ranged from 0.734 to 0.866 V, and the current responses reached the maxima at over 1.0 V. The current response of the downstream electrode displayed a non-linear behavior at high potentials over +0.75 V, probably because of polarization of solvent components, e.g., water. The HPLC-coulometric assay was optimized with the potentials of the upstream and downstream electrodes at +0.65 and +0.85 V, respectively. This method is suitable for detection of 14- and 15-membered macrolides (sensitivity −1 ), but not for a 16-membered macrolide, tylosin (sensitivity > 0.1 μg ml −1 ). The assay shows interferences from biomatrices in rat's blood plasma and serum, and human urine, but they were effectively removed by a cold acetonitrile extraction method.
Computerized analysis of sonograms for the detection of breast lesions

With a renewed interest in using non-ionizing radiation for the screening of high risk women, there is a clear role for a computerized detection aid in ultrasound. Thus, we are developing a computerized detection method for the localization of lesions on breast ultrasound images. The computerized detection scheme utilizes two methods. Firstly, a radial gradient index analysis is used to distinguish potential lesions from normal parenchyma. Secondly, an image skewness analysis is performed to identify posterior acoustic shadowing. We analyzed 400 cases (757 images) consisting of complex cysts, solid benign lesions, and malignant lesions. The detection method yielded an overall sensitivity of 95% by image, and 99% by case at a false-positive rate of 0.94 per image. In 51% of all images, only the lesion itself was detected, while in 5% of the images only the shadowing was identified. For malignant lesions these numbers were 37% and 9%, respectively. In summary, we have developed a computer detection method for lesions on ultrasound images of the breast, which may ultimately aid in breast cancer screening.
LINEAR C11 CLUSTER : AN ISOTOPIC INFRARED STUDY

Abstract Carbon clusters, formed by laser ablation of graphite and deposited in argon, krypton or nitrogen matrices, have been studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three bands at 1942.6, 1854.8 and 1357.0 cm−1 (in N2) have been attributed to linear C11 with the aid of density functional theory (B3-LYP/6-31G*) calculations. Isotopomeric peak positions, observed after single 13 C substitution in the C11 chain, were compared to predicted isotopic patterns, with excellent agreement found for the isolated weak 1357 cm−1 band. Satisfactory agreement for the two more intense, close-lying peaks has been attributed to mode mixing due to symmetry breakdown upon the introduction of 13 C .
Temperature-dependent maze learning in the desert Iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis.

Abstract The effect of body temperature on the learning of Lashley mazes I and II was studied with the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis . Indices of learning were error scores, number of trials to criterion, and running time. Four temperature groups were studied. Lizards trained at 22 °C did not exceed chance levels after 125 trials. A 27 °C and a 32 °C group successfully learned both mazes with fewer errors and less trials in the higher temperature group. Temperature coefficients for these two temperature groups were 3·1 on maze I and 2·3 on maze II. A second 32 °C group trained only on maze II did not differ significantly in trials and error scores from the 32 °C group experienced on maze I. However, variability within the experimentally naive group was less than that of the experienced groups. Results of this study indicate that body temperature is an important parameter of learning in heliothermic lizards.
Lefschetz numbers for sheaf-trivial proper surjections

Abstract Consider a fiber-preserving map of the total space of a fibration-like, proper surjection whose graded Leray sheaf is trivial. There is a Lefschetz number of this map, and a Lefschetz number for the map restricted to any fiber. We prove that the former is the product of the latter with the Euler characteristic of the base space. The result is based on a extension of the Hopf trace formula to finitary spectral sequences over fields.
Functional dissociation of cellular activation as a mechanism of Mobitz type II atrioventricular block.

BACKGROUNDSeveral mechanisms have been advanced to explain Mobitz type II atrioventricular block in the ischemically damaged His-Purkinje system. Only recently, however, has an animal model been developed to study this form of conduction defect in vivo and in vitro.METHODS AND RESULTSConduction defects were induced in anesthetized dogs by ischemic damage to the proximal His-Purkinje system after anterior septal artery ligation. Stable 2:1 atrioventricular block, localized within the His bundle or in the proximal bundle branches, was obtained in each dog by atrial pacing at an average rate of 239 +/- 20 beats per minute (n = 12). In vitro studies were then performed from the same hearts. Action potentials and electrograms were simultaneously recorded from the His bundle and the proximal right bundle branch at the site of damage. At slow rates of pacing (40-60 beats per minute), the action potential amplitude was 85 +/- 4 mV, and some cells (10 +/- 3%) showed dissociation from the electrical activity in the...
Regulation of G protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 5 (GRK5) by Actin*

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) initiate pathways leading to the desensitization of agonist-occupied G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here we report that the cytoskeletal protein actin binds and inhibits GRK5. Actin inhibits the kinase activity directly, reducing GRK5-mediated phosphorylation of both membrane-bound GPCRs and soluble substrates. GRK5 binds actin monomers with a Kd of 0.6 microM and actin filaments with a Kd of 0. 2 microM. Mutation of 6 amino acids near the amino terminus of GRK5 eliminates actin-mediated inhibition of GRK5. Calmodulin has previously been shown to bind to the amino terminus of GRK5 (Pronin, A. N., and Benovic, J. L. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3806-3812) and here we show calmodulin displaces GRK5 from actin. Calmodulin inhibits GRK5-mediated phosphorylation of GPCRs, but not soluble substrates such as casein. Thus in the presence of actin, calmodulin determines the substrate specificity of GRK5 by preferentially allowing phosphorylation of soluble substrates over membrane-bound substrates.
The spliceosome: the most complex macromolecular machine in the cell?

The primary transcripts, pre-mRNAs, of almost all protein-coding genes in higher eukaryotes contain multiple non-coding intervening sequences, introns, which must be precisely removed to yield translatable mRNAs. The process of intron excision, splicing, takes place in a massive ribonucleoprotein complex known as the spliceosome. Extensive studies, both genetic and biochemical, in a variety of systems have revealed that essential components of the spliceosome include five small RNAs–U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6, each of which functions as a RNA, protein complex called an snRNP (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein). In addition to snRNPs, splicing requires many non-snRNP protein factors, the exact nature and number of which has been unclear. Technical advances, including new affinity purification methods and improved mass spectrometry techniques, coupled with the completion of many genome sequences, have now permitted a number of proteomic analyses of purified spliceosomes. These studies, recently reviewed by Jurica and Moore,1 reveal that the spliceosome is composed of as many as 300 distinct proteins and five RNAs, making it among the most complex macromolecular machines known. BioEssays 25:1147–1149, 2003. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coparenting in teen mothers and their children's fathers: evidence from the early childhood longitudinal study–birth cohort

Abstract Objective (1) To describe coparenting among adolescent mothers and the biological fathers of their children. (2) To examine the effects of coparenting on young children's social–emotional development and whether these effects vary by father's residence status, parental education, and child characteristics. Methods Secondary analysis was conducted with the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, which is a nationally representative sample of U.S. children born in 2001. The subsample used in this study includes 400 children whose biological mothers, aged 15–19, participated when their children were 2 years and 4 years old and whose biological fathers (residential and nonresidential) participated at 4 years. Cooperative coparenting and coparenting conflict were measured at child age 2 years. Children's social skills and problem behavior were measured at child age 4 years. Results Mother- and father-reported coparenting conflict were associated with child behavior problems, more strongly among boys (b = 1.31, P P > .05). Mother-reported coparenting conflict also predicted lower child social skills (b = −1.28, P Conclusions Coparenting conflict between adolescent parents influences child adjustment. Practitioners working with teen mothers should encourage father participation at medical visits and other clinical contacts and should address the relationship between the parents, whether or not they are living together, as part of routine care.
Evidence of a Continuum in Foundational Expressive Communication Skills.

Abstract Progress monitoring measurement is increasingly needed in early childhood to inform practitioners when an intervention change is needed and as a tool for accomplishing individualization and improving results for individual children. The Early Communication Indicator (ECI) is such a measure for infants and toddlers 6–42 months of age. A greater understanding of the ECI key skills (i.e., gestures, vocalizations, single- and multiple-word utterances) could lead to further improvements in the sensitivity and utility of the decisions made compared to ECIs composite total communication score. Thus, we examined the pattern of growth within and between the ECI's four foundational skills in a large sample of children served in Early Head Start. Results confirmed a unique pattern of growth and change within each skill trajectory in terms of (a) age at skill onset and (b) peaks in each trajectory defining an inflection point or change from acceleration to deceleration. Using these inflection points as intercepts with before and after trajectory slopes, we tested the fit of an adjacent-skills temporally ordered growth model. Results indicated good fit. Implications of a continuum of foundational ECI skills to future validation and decision making utility of the measure are discussed.
Static Stability—An Update

Abstract Static stability should not be evaluated from the local lapse rate. There is a growing body of observations, such as within portions of mixed layers and forest canopies, showing that the whole sounding should be considered to evaluate stability. Air parcels can move across large vertical distances to create turbulence within regions that would otherwise have been considered stable or neutral according to classical local definitions. A nonlocal determination of static stability is presented that accounts for both the local lapse rate and for convective air parcels moving across finite distances. Such a method is necessary to properly estimate turbulence, dispersion, and vertical fluxes that affect our weather and climate forecasts. Teachers of introductory meteorology courses and textbook authors are encouraged to revise their static stability discussions to follow air parcel displacements from beginning to end.
Mixing in scraped surface heat exchanger geometry using MRI

Mixing, as a unit operation, is a key component in the operation of scraped surface heat exchangers (SSHE) because of its importance in ensuring uniform heat treatment. In this study, two approaches were used to evaluate mixing effectiveness in a process geometry that simulates a closed type SSHE: the strain distribution function which was based on velocity profiles and statistical mixing indices based on concentration profiles. For the 1 % carboxymethyl cellulose test solution under laminar flow conditions, the lower angular rotation speed and lower axial flow rate promoted mixing with respect to mixing intensity. The residence time, as characterized by the axial Reynolds Number, was the key factor for this statistic. The strain distribution function and mixing length scale were affected by the relative contribution of angular rotation to axial flow, which was expressed as the ratio of the angular Reynolds number to the axial Reynolds number. This work demonstrates the equivalence of evaluating mixedness by experimental concentration profiles and theoretical velocity profiles.
Marketing journal hierarchies: Faculty perceptions, 1986-87

This article reviews the latest perceptions among AACSB school professionals in the field of marketing regarding journal hierarchies. With the proliferation of marketing journals during the past few years comes the need to address the relative position of all marketing journals. This study lists journal rankings using prestige and importance indices. The paper concludes with a discussion on the relative importance of journal rankings in the consideration of promotion and tenure among faculty members.
The Distribution of Microbial Taxa in the Subsurface Water of the Kalahari Shield, South Africa

Microbial communities within deep subsurface environments were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene cloning. Clone libraries from 27 borehole fluid, 7 mining-contaminated, and 5 rock samples were compared. Borehole fluids derived from deep fractures were populated by microbial communities with low diversity with an average of 11 and 5 bacterial and archaeal OTUs respectively. Low taxa richness was likely driven by limited biogeochemical reactions available for growth and not extreme parameters such as pH and temperature. Novel taxa of Firmicutes were discovered, commonly found in warm, slightly alkaline, anoxic fracture fluids. Highly divergent lineages of Archaea, unique to South African deep subsurface fracture fluids, are also described. Clone library clustering analyses based on LIBSHUFF phylogenetic relatedness revealed distinct groups of samples corresponding with sample source and geochemistry.
Academic effectiveness of podcasting: A comparative study of integrated versus supplemental use of podcasting in second language classes

With podcasting gaining more mainstream adoption in higher education, it's critical to examine its effectiveness in improving the student learning experience. To this end, this paper examines the effectiveness of podcasts integrated into the curriculum (PIC) versus podcasts as supplemental material (PSM). Considering recent empirical work on the effectiveness of podcasting, this study collected data from students enrolled in lower level and upper level language courses. Results revealed an inconclusive relationship among PIC students' learning outcomes (as measured by their final grades). In contrast, however, our findings indicate a strong relationship between the use of PSM and students' final grades, particularly in upper level courses.
International traffic in coca through the early 20th century.

Abstract This paper compiles records of coca exported by the major producing sites, Peru, Bolivia, Java and Formosa, from the late 19th century through the first third of the 20th century. During most of this era coca was legally produced and responsive to market demands. World coca exports did not rise until around 1920, followed by a steady decline over the next decade. This export pattern (if not the exact figures) suggests a period of rising cocaine consumption, peaking regionally first in North America, then in Europe and other parts of the world, followed by a marked decrease in the drug's popularity and acceptance.
A pattern generator system—hardward/software

This report describes an automated pattern-generating system in which input is a uniquely defined pattern (usually a printed circuit board) described in one of two ways:1. A drawing, which does not need to be to scale.2. A description in nonpictorial terms such as a list of line end points and land coordinates, an algorithmic statement such as “a set of twenty 5 - mil centers thirty inches long,” or other understandable and unique description.
Extended Stability of Sodium Bicarbonate Infusions Prepared in Polyolefin Bags

PurposeTo investigate the stability of 0.1 mEq/mL and 0.15 mEq/mL strengths of extemporaneously compounded sodium bicarbonate preparations.MethodsSterile preparations of sodium bicarbonate of 2 str...
An automated one-way avoidance box for the rat

An automated one-way avoidance box was described and the results of a standardized procedure were presented. In using this apparatus the importance of escape platform time was demonstrated.
Thermokeratoplasty for Keratoconus

Thermokeratoplasty for keratoconus was performed in 29 eyes with follow-up periods ranging from less than four months to 24 months. Twelve patients obtained visual acuity better than 6/12 (20/40). Five patients required corneal transplantation.
Ab Initio Study of the Intermolecular Interactions in Small Benzene Clusters: The Equilibrium Structures of Trimer, Tetramer, and Pentamer

Correlated (MP2) calculations with 6-31G and 6-31G* basis sets have been used to probe the equilibrium geometries of the benzene trimer, tetramer, and pentamer. The lowest energy configuration was ...