cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delayed post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography perforation presenting as scrotal subcutaneous emphysema.

62-year-old Caucasian man presented to the Emerency Department (ED) with a chief complaint of bilatral scrotal swelling. The evening before arrival he noiced painless scrotal swelling, accompanied by mild to oderate penile swelling. Overnight he developed 4/10 ain in his groin, at which point he decided to seek medical ttention. Further questioning and review of records reealed that the patient was 9 days post-operative from an ndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) ith sphincterotomy, performed due to choledocholithisis. Review of systems was also positive for sore throat nd neck discomfort, but was otherwise essentially egative. Vital signs showed a blood pressure of 124/79 mm g, pulse 82 beats/min, respiratory rate 16 breaths/min, emperature 36.3°C (97.7°F), and oxygen saturation 97% n room air. Physical examination revealed a wellppearing, well-nourished gentleman in no acute disress. The head and neck examination was significant for cleral icterus, as well as crepitus and mild tenderness to alpation of the anterior soft tissues of the neck. The ropharynx was normal and trachea midline. The geniourinary examination was positive for penile and bilatral scrotal swelling (Figure 1), as well as palpable repitus. Palpation of the right inguinal area elicited pain nd additional crepitus. The remainder of the physical xamination was otherwise unremarkable.
Phytoextraction of Zinc by Oat (Avena sativa), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), and Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea)

The success of phytoremediation hinges on the selection of plant species and soil amendments that maximize contaminant removal. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to be effective in phytoextracting Zn, particularly after the synthetic chelate EDTA has been applied to the soil. However, the effectiveness of grass species for phytoremediation has not been addressed in great detail. A hydroponic screening of 22 grass species indicated that oat (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) tolerated the high Cu, Cd, and Zn concentrations present in the solution and also accumulated elevated concentrations of these metals in the plant shoots. A hydroponic experiment comparing these two grasses to Indian mustard indicated that, although shoot Zn concentrations were greater for Indian mustard, the grasses were considerably more tolerant. A pot experiment conducted using a Zn-contaminated soil showed that the addition of EDTA to the soil significantly increased Zn accumulation by B. juncea but not oat ...
The evaluation of electroreceptive feedback in a gymnotoid fish with pulse-type electric organ discharges

How does a gymnotoid electric fish with pulse-type electric organ discharges (EODs) detect specific novelties in electroreceptive feedback from its own EODs if it is contaminated by EODs of a neighbor? To answer this question, experiments were performed on intact as well as on curarized animals. Specimens were curarized and their silenced EODs replaced by artificial pulses, S1, in order to dissociate electroreceptive afferences 1 from the activity of the electric organ pacemaker. The animal's ability to detect small, local distortions in its own EOD field as well as in a substituted S1-field was tested while various patterns of pulses, S2, mimicking EODs of a neighbor, were presented (Fig. 1). The following results were obtained: 1. The animal evaluates electroreceptive afferences without reference to the pacemaker which normally drives its EODs, the main source of electroreceptive afferences. 2. Signals interfering with the animal's EOD, or S1, will impair the detection of specific novelties to the extent that they cause transient alterations in electroreceptive afferences over the course of several successive EODs. Foreign pulses which coincide with or narrowly precede several successive EODs are more detrimental than noncoincident pulses (Figs. 2–5, 9). 3. The animal adapts to maintained alterations of its electroreceptive afferences in the course of seconds and thereby regains its ability to detect novelties in a maintained jamming regime which allows electroreceptive afferences to stabilize to a new state (Fig. 4). 4. Detection of novelties in curarized fish improves to the extent that the EOD substitute, S1, is presented at a high and regular rate (Figs. 6. 7). High and regular EOD rates, which are commonly observed in novel situations, should therefore enhance the animal's ability to detect the appearance of objects in its environment. 5. The Jamming Avoidance Response (JAR) prevents successive EODs from coinciding with foreign pulses of a similar repetition rate. Such coincidences disturb electroreceptive afferences most severely. By avoiding coincidences, the JAR stabilizes these afferences and thereby enhances the detection of specific novelties in the presence of conspecifics (Fig. 10).
Partitioning the lattice points in Rn

Abstract A (linear) lattice point path is the intersection of a connected subset of a straight line in euclidean n-space Rn with the lattice points Zn ⊃ Rn, where Z denotes the integers. Given a subset X ⊆ Zn, a typical problem considered in this paper is the determination of the largest integer k (it turns out that k ⩽ 2n −1) with the property that given any partition of X into two parts, then at least one of the parts contains as a subset a lattice point path of k points. Also considered are similar questions which arise by placing restrictions on the type of partitions allowed, or by restricting attention to those lattice point paths which are obtainable from lines having preassigned (integral) direction numbers.
A continuum model for the anisotropic creep of single crystal nickel-based superalloys

Abstract In this paper, we extend the constitutive theory developed by Prasad et al. [Prasad SC, Rao IJ, Rajagopal KR. A continuum model for the creep of single crystal nickel-base superalloys. Acta Mater 2005;53(3):669–79], to describe the creep anisotropy associated with crystallographic orientation in single crystal nickel-based superalloys. The constitutive theory is cast within a general thermodynamic framework that has been developed to describe the response of materials capable of existing in multiple stress free configurations (“natural configurations”). Central to the theory is the prescription of the forms for the stored energy and rate of dissipation functions. The stored energy reflects the fact that the elastic response exhibits cubic symmetry. The model takes into account the fact that the symmetry of single crystals does not change with inelastic deformation. The rate of dissipation function is also chosen to be anisotropic, in that it reflects invariance to transformations that belong to the cubic symmetry group. The model is used to simulate uniaxial creep of single crystal nickel-based superalloy CMSX-4 for loading along the 〈0 0 1〉, 〈1 1 1〉 and 〈0 1 1〉 orientations. The predictions of the theory agree well with the experimental data.
Physarosterol, a new sterol from a slime mould.

DURING the course of isolating the yellow pigment contained in the myxomycete, Physarum polycephalum, a second crystalline (colourless) material was obtained from the neutral ether extracts of the tissue. Analyses showed that this substance was probably a C30 sterol not hitherto found in Nature. It is proposed that the compound be referred to as ‘physarosterol’.
Language Comprehension and Probe-List Memory

Experiments were performed using probe-word recognition methodology in which participants read sentences that were presented 1 word at a time and were then shown a probe word and had to make a speeded response indicating whether the word had occurred in the sentence. One experiment showed that response times to probe words increased with the size of the set of candidate probes. The other experiments showed that the effects caused by name repetition in circumstances in which the repeated name was co-referential also occurred when the repeated name was not co-referential and when the order of words in a sentence was scrambled. The results suggest that responses in the task can be based on probe-list memory, a mental representation created to keep track of those words that the participant believes are likely to be probed, and that the use of the task to make inferences about language comprehension should be accompanied by controls ruling out such strategies.
Labor Unions and the Mobilization of Latino Voters: Can the Dinosaur Awaken the Sleeping Giant?

Despite large population gains, political observers commonly refer to Latinos as a “sleeping giant” because of low voter turnout. Conversely, steady declines in union membership have led some to label organized labor a “dinosaur.” Several unions have made special outreach efforts to Latinos to rebuild their ranks and improve Latino political participation. Incorporating insights from the Civic Voluntarism Model, we find union affiliation increases Latino voter registration and turnout, and disproportionately so in comparison with non-Latinos and in recent elections. We conclude that continued declines in union membership have significant implications for Latino political power and inequalities in political voice.
On the 802.11 turbulence of nintendo DS and sony PSP hand-held network games

The growth in computer games and wireless networks has catalyzed the production of a new generation of hand-held game consoles that support multi-player gaming over IEEE 802.11 networks. Understanding the traffic characteristics of network games running on these new hand-helds is important for building traffic models and adequately planning wireless network infrastructures to meet future demand. This paper examines the traffic characteristics of IEEE 802.11 network games on the Nintendo DS and the Sony PSP. Analysis of a variety of games from several different genres shows that despite some overall similarities, most of the games have significantly different network characteristics. In addition, the games and hand-held platforms differ in their ability to handle degraded wireless network conditions and in the amount of broadcast traffic sent. The results should be a useful beginning to building effective traffic models for this new generation of network games.
Electronic Structure and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Wurtzite GaxAl1‐xN Solid Alloy

Band energy structure of Ga x Al 1-x N solid alloy (x=0.15; 0.65) is calculated. All one-electron methods of band energy calculations (self-consistent norm-conserving pseudo-potential (NCPP), linear muffin tin orbital method (LMTO) and linear combination atomic orbital (LCAO)) methods give considerable disagreement with the experimental data. We demonstrate that better agreement with experiment is achieved when the NCPP wavefunctions are orthogonalised to the core-like states. Simultaneously additional geometry optimization improve the agreement with the optical data. We have carried out theoretical and experimental investigation of the band density of states for two representatives of the investigated wurtzite Ga x Al N solid alloys (with x=0.15 and 0,65).
The crystal and molecular structure of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,4-diphosphoniacyclohexane dibromide

The crystal and molecular structure of 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,4-diphosphoniacyclohexane dibromide has been determined by a single-crystal, x-ray diffraction study using diffractometer data. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell constants of a = 12.777(1), b = 26.180 (2), c = 16.283 (1) A, and β = 91.18(1)°. The structure was solved by the heavy atom method with the 4176 independent and statistically significant structure factors refining to a value of R = 0.07. The diphosphonium ring is in the chair conformation with each phosphorus ion having an axial and equatorial phenyl ring attached. P-C and C-C bond lengths of 1.78 ± .03 A and 1.53 ± .03 A respectively agree well with the literature value for these distances.
Predictive factors for success of neo-adjuvant therapy in upper gastrointestinal cancer.

Background: Predicting response to treatment has long been the Holy Grail of clinicians treating patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancy. The widespread use of neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer has provided an added urgency to the issue and at the same time brought success a step closer because accurate response can be determined from analysis of the resected specimen. Methods: A search was undertaken of the Medline database for text references to neoadjuvant therapy, esophagus, stomach and predicting response. The references of these publications were further scanned for appropriate references in the text and reference lists. Results: Publications describing predictive markers to neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer, which were most likely to be of clinical significance, were selected for inclusion in this report. Conclusions: The most reliable tissue markers of response based on analysis of pretreatment biopsy specimens include P53, Ki-67, EGFR and the most impressive serum marker for monitoring response are CYFRA 21-1 and CEA. The results, however, are inconsistent, and the markers of relatively low sensitivity and none reliably identifies individual patients who will respond.
A qualitative evaluation of an Academic Scholarship Program

Since fall 2002 Academic Scholarship Programs have been conducted in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University. The purpose of the programs is to retain and to graduate the participants, to expand their understanding of the engineering profession, and to have the students go right on to graduate school full-time. The Academic Scholarship Programs are open to upper division students who have at least a 3.0 GPA and have unmet financial need. An emphasis is placed on including women and underrepresented minority students. Six meetings are held each semester for the students with assignments designed to make them better students and to have them learn about research and graduate school. One of the assignments for the Spring 09 students was an essay on how the program did or did not help them. In particular they were asked to describe what in the program helped them the most. The students responded with many aspects of the program including: the money, the Guaranteed 4.0 Plan for study skills, the time management schedule, updating their resume with a check list each semester, graduate school encouragement, and the exposure to and interaction with industry representatives. A few students also talked about parts of the program that were not helpful to them. The assignment shows that the program plan is useful to the students and should be continued.
Respect Thy Neighbor

The tissue microenvironment surrounding tumor cells may not be just a passive bystander during tumorigenesis. In their Perspective, [Radisky and Bissell][1] discuss new work showing that mice with stromal cells unable to respond to the cytokine TGF-rapidly develop epithelial tumors ([ Bhowmick et al .][2]). The Perspective authors explore the implications of the finding that stromal cells are a protective influence on epithelial cells, preventing them from becoming tumorigenic. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/303/5659/775 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/303/5659/848
Left Main Coronary Revascularization at the Crossroads

Percutaneous revascularization of left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease has remained controversial for more than 25 years, since LMCA balloon angioplasty was first performed by Andreas Gruentzig in 1978. Summarizing his experience, Gruentzig concluded, “We have not been too successful with dilating left main stems…although the procedure is relatively simple, the potential complications are both sudden and serious.”1 Following the evolution of percutaneous catheter-based therapies to include both bare metal stent and, more recently, drug-eluting stent (DES) platforms in conjunction with advances in periprocedural and postprocedural adjunctive pharmacotherapies, interest in percutaneous LMCA revascularization, particularly unprotected left main, has been renewed. Although studies performed with bare metal stents demonstrated a low rate of in-hospital mortality, the incidence of late coronary restenosis remained high.2–6 In the Unprotected Left Main Trunk Intervention Multi-Center Assessment (ULTIMA) registry, which enrolled 279 patients with unprotected LMCA disease who had percutaneous coronary revascularization (69% bare metal stent), mortality at a 1-year follow-up was proportional to clinical risk stratification (40% in high-risk versus 3.5% in low-risk patient cohorts), and repeated revascularization was required in 34% of cases.6 The experience gleaned from these studies continued to support the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline recommendations that in reasonable surgical candidates with LMCA disease, coronary bypass surgery is the preferred therapeutic option.7 After the introduction of DES, several small clinical series demonstrated the feasibility and short-term safety of LMCA stenting, while late clinical/angiographic outcomes appeared favorable as compared with historical (nonrandomized) patient cohorts treated with bare metal stents.3,8–11 The cumulative experience with DES treatment for LMCA demonstrated an apparent marked reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events, including target vessel revascularization, during 6 to 12 months of follow-up as compared with the precedent experience after bare metal stent deployment. Article p 2542 The clinical …
Faddeev Monte-Carlo calculations of trinucleon binding energy with three-body potentials

Abstract Monte Carlo integrations for binding energy and other expectation values in 3H and 3He using configuration-space Faddeev wavefunctions are reported. Nine combinations of two- and three-nucleon potentials are tested, several givin a significant contribution of ∼ Mev to the binding energies from the three-nucleon potentials. The energy contribution of the three-nucleon potential is found to be very sensitive to form factor parameters and to small components of the Faddeev wavefunction. The influence of the three-nucleon potential on the wavefunction is investigated using a simple one-parameter variation of the Faddeev wavefunction.
Buckling of extensible thermoelastic rods

We modify the extensible rod theory due to Coleman et al. [1] to include thermal expansion effects. We study the bifurcations of the resulting equilibrium equations under both traction and displacement boundary conditions and find both sub- and supercritical pitchfork bifurcations.
The Science of Religions in a Fascist State: Rudolf Otto and Jakob Wilhelm Hauer During the Third Reich

The German science of religions of the early twentieth century grew from the seeds of German idealism and Romanticism: anti-rationalism, anti-materialism, vitalism, experientialism, and ardent nationalism. In many accounts, National Socialism grew from these seeds, too. This essay examines the actual relationship between the science of religions and Nazism by examining the two most prominent German scientists of religions during the period, Rudolf Otto and Jakob Wilhelm Hauer. In important aspects Otto and Hauer pursued the same religio-scientific programs, but they realised it differently and so exemplify two different relationships between the science of religions and the National Socialist state.
2D 1H and 3D 1H‐15N NMR of zinc‐rubredoxins: Contributions of the β‐sheet to thermostability

Based on 2D 1H-1H and 2D and 3D 1H-15N NMR spectroscopies, complete 1H NMR assignments are reported for zinc-containing Clostridium pasteurianum rubredoxin (Cp ZnRd). Complete 1H NMR assignments are also reported for a mutated Cp ZnRd, in which residues near the N-terminus, namely, Met 1, Lys 2, and Pro 15, have been changed to their counterparts, (-), Ala and Glu, respectively, in rubredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf Rd). The secondary structure of both wild-type and mutated Cp ZnRds, as determined by NMR methods, is essentially the same. However, the NMR data indicate an extension of the three-stranded beta-sheet in the mutated Cp ZnRd to include the N-terminal Ala residue and Glu 15, as occurs in Pf Rd. The mutated Cp Rd also shows more intense NOE cross peaks, indicating stronger interactions between the strands of the beta-sheet and, in fact, throughout the mutated Rd. However, these stronger interactions do not lead to any significant increase in thermostability, and both the mutated and wild-type Cp Rds are much less thermostable than Pf Rd. These correlations strongly suggest that, contrary to a previous proposal [Blake PR et al., 1992, Protein Sci 1:1508-1521], the thermostabilization mechanism of Pf Rd is not dominated by a unique set of hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions involving the N-terminal strand of the beta-sheet. The NMR results also suggest that an overall tighter protein structure does not necessarily lead to increased thermostability.
PGE2 inhibits acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerves in canine but not equine airways.

Abstract The effects of exogenous prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and endogenous prostanoids on cholinergic neurotransmission were determined by measurement of acetylcholine (ACh) release from canine and equine airway tissues. Trachealis strips and bronchial segments were suspended in 2 ml tissue baths. ACh release was induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS), and its content in tissue bath liquid was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. In canine airways, exogenous PGE 2 (10 −9 to 10 −7 M) inhibited ACh release concentration-dependently, whereas inhibition of endogenous prostanoid production by indomethacin (3 × 10 −6 M) augmented ACh release. By contrast, in equine airways, exogenous PGE 2 had no effect on ACh release in bronchi but at 10 −7 M augmented ACh release in the trachea. Cyclooxygenase inhibition by either indomethacin or meclofenamate (10 −6 M) did not influence ACh release. We conclude that exogenous PGE 2 and endogenous prostanoids inhibit ACh release from cholinergic nerves in canine but not equine airways.
A role for ubiquitin ligases and Spartin/SPG20 in lipid droplet turnover

HECT (homologous to the E6AP C terminus) ubiquitin ligases have diverse functions in eukaryotic cells. In screens for proteins that bind to the HECT ubiquitin ligase WWP1, we identified Spartin, which is also known as SPG20. This protein is truncated in a neurological disease, Troyer syndrome. In this study, we show that SPG20 associates with the surface of lipid droplets (LDs) and can regulate their size and number. SPG20 binds to another LD protein, TIP47, and both proteins compete with an additional LD protein, adipophilin/adipocyte differentiation-related protein, for occupancy of LDs. The mutant SPG20 present in Troyer syndrome does not possess these activities. Depletion of SPG20 using RNA interference increases the number and size of LDs when cells are fed with oleic acid. Binding of WWP1 to SPG20 and the consequent ubiquitin transfer remove SPG20 from LDs and reduce the levels of coexpressed SPG20. These experiments suggest functions for ubiquitin ligases and SPG20 in the regulation of LD turnover and potential pathological mechanisms in Troyer syndrome.
Optical imaging of motor cortical activation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy

This paper describes a study from a poster presentation. It discusses optical imaging of motor cortical activation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.
Induction of pear blossom blast caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae

Conditions were established for inducing pear blossom blast caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on both attached and detached shoots. The incidence of blossom blast was proportional to the logarithm of the P.s. pv. syringae population under optimal temperature, moisture, and bloom developmental stage. Highest incidence of blossom infection followed occurrence of a major exotherm (an increase in temperature caused by the heat of fusion from ice formation within blossom tissue) in the presence of P. s. pv. syringae. The exotherm was detected inside ovary tissue at temperatures ranging from –1.8 to –3.5 C. Wetness duration following the thawing process was less important than wetness during and immediately after the freeze event. Blossoms inoculated, then air-dried or removed from low-temperature treatment prior to occurrence of an exotherm, had a low incidence of infection, The full bloom stage of blossom development was more susceptible to blossom blast than either the open cluster or tight cluster stages of development.
Evolutionary implications of the mode of D quadrant specification in coelomates with spiral cleavage

In annelids, molluscs, echiurans and sipunculids the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis of the embryo is associated with D quadrant specification during embryogenesis. This specification occurs in two ways in these phyla. One mechanism specifies the D quadrant via the shunting of a set of cytoplasmic determinants located at the vegetal pole of the egg to one blastomere of the four cell stage embryo. In this case, at the first two cleavages of embryogenesis there is an unequal distribution of cytoplasm, generating one macromere which is larger than the others at the four cell stage. The D quadrant can also be specified by a contact mediated inductive interaction between one of the macromeres at the vegetal pole with micromeres at the animal pole of the embryo. This mechanism operates at a later stage of development than the cytoplasmic localization mechanism and is associated with a pattern of cleavage in which the first two cleavages are equal. An analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within these phyla indicates that the taxa which determine the D quadrant at an early cleavage stage by cytoplasmic localization tend to be derived and lack a larval stage or have larvae with adult characters. Those taxa where the D quadrant is specified by induction include the ancestral groups although some derived groups also use this mechanism. The pulmonate mollusc Lymnaea uses an inductive mechanism for specifying the D quadrant. In these embryos each of the four vegetal macromeres has the potential of becoming the D macromere; however under normal circumstances one of the two vegetal crossfurrow macromeres almost invariably becomes the D quadrant. Experiments are described here in which the size of one of the blastomeres of the four cell stage Lymnaea embryo is increased; this macromere invariably becomes the D quadrant. These experiments suggest that developmental change in relative blastomere size during the first two cleavages in spiralian embryos that normally cleave equally may have provided a route that has led to the establishment of the cytoplasmic localization mechanism of D quadrant formation.
MULTISCALE MODELING OF INTERACTIVE DIFFUSION PROCESSES IN CONCRETE

Deterioration of concrete is governed by coupled diffusion processes such as heat conduction, moisture transfer, and chloride ion penetration. The diffusion processes can be characterized by multiscale modeling. At the macroscopic level, a thermodynamic approach is used in the present study as a framework to derive coupled diffusion equations and constitutive equations. In the case of hygrothermal coupling, it is found that there are additional coupling effects in the stress-strain relationships aside from the conventional thermal expansion and drying shrinkage. At the mesoscopic level, composite theories are used to develop the material models between effective transport properties (macroscopic) and transport properties of constituents (mesoscopic). The result shows that, even for noncoupled processes, the effective properties are not simply the volumetric average over the constituent phases. An analytical multiscale prediction model for chloride diffusion is developed based on an assumption that both chloride diffusivity and binding capacity are independent of free chloride concentration. The analytical solution is used as an example to compare with available tests results, showing that the model is quite accurate for regular concrete cured 28 days or longer. The multiscale model can accurately predict the effect of mesoscopic parameters (e.g., aggregate content) and microscopic parameters (e.g., water-to-cement ratio)on chloride penetration.
Recoil Studies of High-Energy Proton Reactions in Bismuth

The ranges in bismuth of ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{91}$, ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{129}$, and ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{133m}$ recoil fragments from bombardment of bismuth with protons of 50 Mev to 2.2 Bev have been measured. The kinetic energies of the fragments have been calculated from the measured ranges and other reported range-energy data for fission fragments. The kinetic energy of the strontium recoils for all energies, and that of the barium recoils up to 450 Mev, can be explained as resulting from high-energy fission where most of the mass of the target is divided between two heavy fragments. At 2.2 Bev, the kinetic energy of the bariums recoils is substantially smaller, consistent with a complimentary fragment of about 20 mass units.The energy deposition in the target nucleus for processes leading to strontium and barium nuclides was obtained from the ratio of recoils projected forward to those projected backward, and subsidiary calculations involving momentum and energy conservation. The calculated values of the energy deposited are substantially lower than the bombarding proton energies, and even somewhat lower than energy values calculated for production of the "fissioning nucleus" from radiochemical data.Recoil experiments on spallation products, bismuth, lead, and thallium, of masses 198 to 203, from high-energy proton bombardment of bismuth, indicate that thallium nuclides formed directly are produced in processes involving alpha-particle emission.
Multi-frequency stability analysis of coupled cavity TWTs using TESLA-CC

Summary form only given. Spurious oscillations near edges of pass-bands due to periodicity (π and 2π) as well as edges due to manufacturing tolerance (3π/2) might develop in coupled cavity TWTs (CC-TWTs) and limit their performance. Modeling of spurious oscillations is challenging computational task since the beam-wave interaction occurs at several frequencies simultaneously. In general, stability analysis is a non-linear problem since starting conditions for spurious oscillations might depend on input power at operating frequency.
Safety Stock Determination With Serially Correlated Demand in a Periodic-Review Inventory System

We consider a periodic-review inventory replenishment model with an order-up-to-R operating doctrine for the case of deterministic lead times and a covariance-stationary stochastic demand process. A method is derived for setting the inventory safety stock to achieve an exact desired stockout probability when the autocovariance function for Gaussian demand is known. Because the method does not require that parametric time-series models be fit to the data, it is easily implemented in practice. Moreover, the method is shown to be asymptotically valid when the autocovariance function of demand is estimated from historical data. The effects on the stockout rate of various levels of autocorrelated demand are demonstrated for situations in which autocorrelation in demand goes undetected or is ignored by the inventory manager. Similarly, the changes to the required level of safety stock are demonstrated for varying levels of autocorrelation.
Production and purification of lentiviral vectors

Lentiviral vectors offer unique versatility and robustness as vehicles for gene delivery. They can transduce a wide range of cell types and integrate into the host genome in both dividing and post-mitotic cells, resulting in long-term expression of the transgene both in vitro and in vivo. This protocol describes how lentiviral vectors can be produced, purified and titrated. High titer suspensions can be routinely prepared with relative ease: a low-titer (106 viral particles/ml) unpurified preparation can be obtained 3 d after transfecting cells with lentiviral vector and packaging plasmids; a high-titer (109 viral particles/ml) purified preparation requires 2 more days.
Heart failure in older adults

Typical aging leads to insidious changes in the heart and throughout the body that predispose to heart failure (HF). HF with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and HF with preserved ejection fraction increase as a result of common age-related physiologic changes. Moreover, aging is associated with high comorbidity and high likelihood of iatrogenic side effects from therapeutic interventions that add to the complexity of HF management and contribute to patterns of particularly high HF mortality and morbidity. This article reviews key age-related mechanisms of HF pathophysiology and associated management challenges.
Naltrexone partially inhibits the estrogen-induced increase in prolactin secretion and anterior pituitary weight

Abstract The effects of naltrexone, a specific opiate antagonist, on stimulation by estradiol benzoate (EB) of prolactin (PRL) release and anterior pituitary (AP) weight, were studied in gonadectomized female and male Sprague-Dawley rats. One week after castration, rats were injected for 10 days once daily with 2 μg EB alone, or together with twice daily injections of 2 mg naltrexone/kg body weight (BW). Blood was collected for radioimmunoassay of PRL by orbital sinus puncture on days 0 and 6, and by decapitation on day 11, at which time the AP was quickly removed, weighed and assayed for PRL. Serum PRL concentrations and AP weights were significantly increased by EB administration. These effects of EB were partially but significantly inhibited by naltrexone. These results suggest that endegenous opiates may be involved in the estrogen-induced rise in serum PRL and increase in pituatary weight.
Molecular Characterization of Subunit 6 of the COP9 Signalosome and Its Role in Multifaceted Developmental Processes in Arabidopsis

The COP9 signalosome is a highly conserved protein complex initially identified as a repressor of photomorphogenesis. Here, we report that subunit 6 of the Arabidopsis COP9 signalosome is encoded by a family of two genes (CSN6A and CSN6B) located on chromosomes V and IV, respectively. The CSN6A and CSN6B proteins share 87% amino acid identity and contain a MPR1p and PAD1p N-terminal (MPN) domain at the N-terminal region. The CSN6 proteins share homology with CSN5 and belong to the Mov34 superfamily of proteins. CSN6 proteins present only in the complex form and coimmunoprecipitate with other known subunits of the COP9 signalosome. Partial loss-of-function strains of the COP9 signalosome created by antisense and cosuppression with CSN6A exhibit diverse developmental defects, including homeotic organ transformation, symmetric body organization, and organ boundary definition. Protein blot analysis revealed that the defective plants accumulate significant amounts of ubiquitinated proteins, supporting the conclusion that the COP9 signalosome regulates multifaceted developmental processes through its involvement in ubiquitin/proteasome–mediated protein degradation.
Purification of human monocytes/macrophages by adherence to cytodex microcarriers.

Abstract Adherence to cytodex microcarries was used as a means of purifying and culturing human monocytes. Mononuclear leukocytes obtained from centrifugation of blood on Hypaque-Ficoll medium could be enriched for monocytes/macrophages by adherence to cytodex microcarriers. Using this system it was possible to obtain monocytes/macrophages in high yields and viability, and good purity. Detachment of the monocytes from the microcarriers was simply achieved by a 1–2 min agitation of the contents. Cells which had been cultured up to 30 days on the microcarriers could be similarly detached. Functional studies on the detached monocytes macrophages showed the cells to respond well to stimuli such as zymosan and fMLP, and were capable of killing opsonized bacteria.
Supercritical-fluid-assisted oxidation of oleic acid with ozone and potassium permanganate

The goal of this research was to determine if any advantages could be realized by conducting the oxidation of oleic acid with ozone and potassium permanganate in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). The ozonolysis of oleic acid without SC-CO2 at 313.15 K and ambient pressure resulted in complete conversion of the oleic acid within 2 hrs. The reaction was zero-order, indicating the system was mass-transfer limited, and the rate of oleic acid disappearance was 0.077 mol s−1 m−3. Due to experimental limitations, no reaction was observed in the case of ozone in SC-CO2. However, oxidation of oleic acid with potassium permanganate in SC-CO2 at 12.2 MPa resulted in an increase in oleic acid conversion from 50.8% to 95.1% at 308.15 K and 51.7% to 95.6% at 318.15 K. Oleic acid oxidation with potassium permanganate in supercritical carbon dioxide was found to have a reaction order of 1.75 with rate constants of 5.33 × 10−5 m2.25 s−1 mol−0.75 and 1.43 × 10−4 m2.25 s−1 mol−0.75 at 308.15 K and 318.15 K, respectively. Also, increased yields of the target products, azelaic acid and pelargonic acid, were obtained when compared to the oxidation without SC-CO2. In terms of greenness, the addition of SC-CO2 allows product separation to be combined with reaction, which reduces the need for other energy-intensive separations, such as distillation, which are traditionally used. In comparing the two oxidizers, ozone is more efficient, but the use of potassium permanganate would eliminate concerns associated with fugitive emissions of ozone into the environment.
Mechanical Disintegration of the Navajo Sandstone in Zion Canyon, Utah

Three groups of features including columns and column recesses, projecting plates, and arches result from mechanical disintegration of sandstone cliffs in Zion Canyon, Utah. The disintegration is in part due to frost action, runoff from rain showers, seep and stream undercutting, and gravity stresses in the rock masses. Rock slides from the canyon walls appear to occur randomly. Estimates of the quantity of material that could be released by failure of suspended columns and projecting plates were computed from elastic considerations and values of 20 kgm/cm 2 and 700 kgm/cm 2 taken to be representative of the tensile and crushing strengths of the sandstone. Arches may originate from seep undercutting or intersection of joints paralleling the canyon wall; both of these factors contribute to the formation of vertical plates subjected to tensile stresses. Examination of simple mechanical models suggests that arches may develop upward as the result of rock failure along curved stress trajectories.
4D visualization of transitional structures in phase transformations by electron diffraction.

Complex systems in condensed phases involve a multidimensional energy landscape, and knowledge of transitional structures and separation of time scales for atomic movements is critical to understanding their dynamical behavior. Here, we report, using four-dimensional (4D) femtosecond electron diffraction, the visualization of transitional structures from the initial monoclinic to the final tetragonal phase in crystalline vanadium dioxide; the change was initiated by a near-infrared excitation. By revealing the spatiotemporal behavior from all observed Bragg diffractions in 3D, the femtosecond primary vanadium–vanadium bond dilation, the displacements of atoms in picoseconds, and the sound wave shear motion on hundreds of picoseconds were resolved, elucidating the nature of the structural pathways and the nonconcerted mechanism of the transformation.
Assessment of substance misuse in detained mentally ill patients

The relevance of substance use with respect to the assessment of dangerousness in mentally ill patients is gaining recognition among health professionals. This paper highlights some of the key difficulties in achieving accurate assessment of substance use in detained mentally ill patients and identifies a range of possible relationships that can exist between substance use and potential risks presented by the patient.
Enrofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from dogs with urinary tract infections.

Objective—To assess the strain heterogeneity of enrofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli associated with urinary tract infections in dogs at a veterinary medical teaching hospital (VMTH). In addition, strains from other veterinary hospitals in California were compared with the VMTH strains to assess the geographic distribution of specific enrofloxacin-resistant E coli isolates. Design—Bacteriologic study. Sample Population—56 isolates of E coli from urine samples (43 isolates from dogs at the VMTH, 13 isolates from dogs from other veterinary clinics in California). Procedures—Pulsed field gel electrophoresis was performed on 56 isolates of E coli from urine samples from 56 dogs. All 56 isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, cephalexin, and ampicillin. Enrofloxacin usage data from 1994 to 1998 were obtained from the VMTH pharmacy. Results—Several strains of enrofloxacin-resistant E coli were collected from urine sa...
Backstepping control of the plasma current profile in the DIII-D tokamak

Control of the spatial profile of plasma current in tokamak plasmas has been demonstrated to be a key condition for achieving advanced scenarios with improved confinement and possible steady-state operation. The dynamics of the current profile are nonlinear and coupled with several other plasma parameters, motivating the design of model-based controllers that can account for these complexities. In this work, we consider a control-oriented model of the current profile evolution in DIII-D and the problem of regulating the current profile around a desired feed-forward trajectory. In open-loop, the response of the system to disturbances and perturbed initial conditions may be undesirable. To improve the performance of the system, the PDE model is discretized in space using a finite difference method and a backstepping design is applied to obtain a discrete transformation from the original system into an asymptotically stable target system with desirable properties. Through a nonlinear transformation, the resulting boundary control law utilizes the total plasma current, total power, and line averaged density as actuators. A Simserver simulation study is done to test the controller's performance and its implementation in the DIII-D plasma control system. Finally, experimental results showing the ability of the controller to reject input disturbances and perturbations in initial conditions are presented.
Arthropod community diversity and trophic structure: a comparison between extremes of plant stress

Previous studies have shown that plant stress and plant vigour impact the preference and performance of many insect species. Global climate-change scenarios suggest that some regions such as continental interiors may become increasingly subject to severe drought. In combination, these two issues suggest that drought-driven plant stress may impact insect communities on a landscape scale. While there have been many population studies relating plant stress to the life history of individual herbivore species, far less is known about how plant stress affects entire communities. 2. To study the effect of plant stress on arthropod communities, arthropods were sampled from the canopies of pinyon pines ( Pinus edulis ) growing at sites with a history of chronically high environmental stress (e.g. lower water potentials, soil moisture, and reduced growth rates), and those growing under more favourable conditions. Sampling in these environments yielded >59 000 arthropods, representing 287 species from 14 orders and 80 families, and revealed three major community patterns. 3. First, chronic stress significantly altered community composition. Second, trees growing under high stress supported about 1/10th the number of arthropods, and roughly half the species as trees growing under more favourable conditions. Third, of the 33 abundant herbivore species that exhibited a significantly skewed distribution towards either high- or low-stress trees, 73% were skewed with higher numbers on low-stress trees. 4. The pattern of potentially reduced arthropod diversity and abundance on stressed pines observed in this study may further compound the loss of species resulting from the recent, landscape-scale drought-induced mortality of pines in the southwestern USA.
Multiple Septation in Variants of Bacillus cereus

Remsen, C. C. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), and D. G. Lundgren. Multiple septation in variants of Bacillus cereus . J. Bacteriol. 90: 1426–1431. 1965.—Abnormal nonsporulating cells observed in cultures containing predominantly endospores were examined in an electron microscope. One or more septa were seen which consisted of cell-wall material between two unit membranes. Numerous membrane swirls were often seen associated with the septa. Some of the reported structural features of the variant cells were similar to those published for Bacillus cereus var. alesti and B. subtilis ; however, the majority of the cells observed in this work were multiseptated. Images
Damage detection and conductivity evolution in carbon nanofiber epoxy via electrical impedance tomography

Utilizing electrically conductive nanocomposites for integrated self-sensing and health monitoring is a promising area of structural health monitoring (SHM) research wherein local changes in conductivity coincide with damage. In this research we conduct proof of concept investigations using electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for damage detection by identifying conductivity changes and by imaging conductivity evolution in a carbon nanofiber (CNF) filled epoxy composite. CNF/epoxy is examined because fibrous composites can be manufactured with a CNF/epoxy matrix thereby enabling the entire matrix to become self-sensing. We also study the mechanisms of conductivity evolution in CNF/epoxy through electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing. The results of these tests indicate that thermal expansion is responsible for conductivity evolution in a CNF/epoxy composite.
PROFILE OF CURANDEROS: A STUDY OF MEXICAN FOLK PRACTITIONERS.

Allied health practitioners, or doctor's assistants, are being increasingly utilised in modern Anglo medicine. It has been suggested that such practitioners could play an especially important role in minority communities. To investigate this possibility a study of curanderos (Mexican folk practitioners) was undertaken. A survey of the literature unearthed no references to personal interviews with curanderos. In this study, the first method for locating curanderos, questioning Mexican-American clinic patients about their health practices and practitioners, failed to provide successful leads to curanderos. A second approach, in which the author established a social relationship with the least Anglicised Mexican-Americans, identified 17 curanderos, of whom 14 were successfully interviewed. Demographic information, the curanderos' conception of illness and their role led to the develop ment of a composite profile, as well as to individual profiles. The findings suggest that at least some curanderos might be i...
Control of Transient Free - Surface Flow

A theory is presented to define methods of optimum gate operation for altering flow conditions in an open channel. The analytical procedure prescribes the motion of the control devices in the channel so the transient conditions are known and controlled during the period when the flow is being changed from one given situation to another desired flow condition. The method is applicable to cases of initiating flow, increasing flow, decreasing flow, or stopping flow in irrigation channels, power channels, forebay channels to pumping stations, etc. The theory is developed from the basic differential equations for unsteady flow in a prismatic channel, including frictional losses. Two examples are detailed in this study.