cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asian American phenotypicality and experiences of psychological distress: More than meets the eyes.

Research on Asian Americans’ experiences of racism has examined the impact of generation status and ethnicity. This study investigates how phenotypic and physical appearance characteristics are implicated in self-reports of racialization and social anxiety in Asian American college students (n 170) who completed measures of psychological distress, well-being, and racialization (e.g., Subtle and Blatant Racism Scale; Yoo, Steger, & Lee, 2010). Participants’ digital photographs were analyzed to test whether specific physical characteristics correlated with self-reported distress. Results suggest eyeglasses and darker skin tone are strongly associated with greater reports of racialization and psychological distress in Asian American college students.
Detection of Organic Matter in Interstellar Grains

Star formation and the subsequent evolution of planetary systems occurs in dense molecular clouds, which are comprised, in part, of interstellar dust grains gathered from the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM). Radio observations of the interstellar medium reveal the presence of organic molecules in the gas phase and infrared observational studies provide details concerning the solid-state features in dust grains. In particular, a series of absorption bands have been observed near 3.4 μm(~2940cm−1) towards bright infrared objects which are seen through large column densities of interstellar dust. Comparisons of organic residues, produced under a variety of laboratory conditions, to the diffuse interstellar medium observations have shown that aliphatic hydrocarbon grains are responsible for the spectral absorption features observed near 3.4 μm (~2940 cm−1). These hydrocarbons appear to carry the -CH2- and -CH3 functional groups in the abundance ratio CH2/CH3~2.5, and the amount of carbon tied up in this component is greater than 4% of the cosmic carbon available. On a galactic scale, the strength of the 3.4 μm band does not scale linearly with visual extinction, but instead increases more rapidly for objects near the Galactic Center. A similar trend is noted in the strength of the Si-O absorption band near 9.7 μm. The similar behavior of the C-H and Si-O stretching bands suggests that these two components may be coupled, perhaps in the form of grains with silicate cores and refractory organic mantles. The ubiquity of the hydrocarbon features seen in the near infrared near 3.4 μm throughout our Galaxy and in other galaxies demonstrates the widespread availability of such material for incorporation into the many newly forming planetary systems. The similarity of the 3.4 μm features in any organic material with aliphatic hydrocarbons underscores the need for complete astronomical observational coverage in the 2–30 μm region, of lines of sight which sample dust in both dense and diffuse interstellar clouds, in order to uniquely specify the composition of interstellar organics. This paper reviews the information available from ground-based observations, although currently the Infrared Satellite Observatory is adding to our body of knowledge on this subject by providing more extensive wavelength coverage. The Murchison carbonaceous meteorite has also been used as an analog to the interstellar observations and has revealed a striking similarity between the light hydrocarbons in the meteorite and the ISM; therefore this review includes comparisons with the meteoritic analog as well as with relevant laboratory residues. Fundamental to the evolution of the biogenic molecules, to the process of planetary system formation, and perhaps to the origin of life, is the connection between the organic material found in the interstellar medium and that incorporated in the most primitive solar system bodies.
Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus).

The red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus, family Sciaenidae) is a marine fish species that is distributed in estuaries and nearshore habitats along the northern Gulf of Mexico and southeastern Atlantic coasts of the USA. Successful recruitment of red drum and co-occurring sciaenid fish species depends on estuarine habitats that serve as nursery areas for larvae. One goal of our research program is to determine whether finescale genetic structure of larvae is associated with heterogeneity in nursery habitat. Resolution of fine-scale structure in this case will require several highly polymorphic DNA markers that can be reliably scored from larvae.
Adaptations to high hydrostatic pressure.

The importance of adaptation to high pressure has long been implicit in the findings of studies in which 1 atm-adapted species were subjected to elevated pressures. Recent comparative studies have shown that pressure sensitivities of enzymes, structural proteins, and membrane-based systems differ markedly between shallow- and deep-living species. These studies allow operational definition of what constitutes high pressures for different biological structures and processes. These are the habitat (adaptation) pressures at which a given type of system first exhibits reduced perturbation by pressure. These threshold pressures vary among physiological systems, but are similar for a given system among different species. Dehydrogenase enzymes and adenylyl cyclases exhibit threshold perturbation pressures of only 50-100 atm; the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase of teleost gills appears to have a pressure perturbation threshold near 200 atm, and a similar threshold was found for actin self-assembly. Even this limited sample of physiological processes indicates that the terms deep and high pressure begin to apply at depths of only 500 m or less--and processes yet to be examined in comparative analysis may yield even lower pressure thresholds. The differences in sensitivity to pressure of homologous systems in shallow- and deep-living organisms have implications at several levels of biological organization. The vertical distribution patterns of species in aquatic habitats may be established, in part, by interspecific differences in resistance to pressure. High pressures may restrict the depths to which shallow-living species can penetrate, and the obligately barophilic systems found in deep-living organisms may limit their upper distribution limits. The similarities noted among the adaptations of deep-sea species with different shallow-water ancestors reflect a high degree of convergent evolution in pressure adaptation. It will be interesting to learn if the similarities in pressure-resistance of function among diverse deep-sea species are the result of similar or identical changes at the molecular level, e.g. in protein sequence. Acclimation to pressure may be of widespread occurrence among species that undergo large changes in depth, e.g. during ontogeny. Pressure acclimation may require pressure-regulation of gene expression. Lastly, comparisons of species from the cold deep sea with those from hydrothermal vents have shown that adaptations to both temperature and pressure play critical roles in determining the distribution patterns of deep-living species.
Parsing a Network: Unpacking Counter Normative Actors from Multi-Network Systems

Online communities help generate a rich set of ties between their members. However, these networks contain individuals who often have drastically different goals and motivations, including those aiming to exploit community norms for their own benefit. My research explores how these counter normative individuals position themselves within a given network and how the community responds in turn. Using a mixed methods approach that draws on social network analysis, data mining, inferential statistics and qualitative analysis, I unpack how communities are exploited and the adaptations made by groups to counter this process.
EFFECT OF HEATING ON THE STRUCTURE OF AN ADHESIVE JOINT, AS INDICATED BY ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

Heating from 20°C to temperatures as low as 25°C was found to cause a partly reversible effect on the structure of an adhesive (epoxy) joint involving steel adjoining (bonded) components with a surface roughness of 120 w m, as shown by monitoring the contact electrical resistivity of the joint during heating and cooling. The reversible portion was due to thermal expansion of the adhesive. The irreversible portion was due to an irreversible microstructural change in the adhesive. These structural changes decreased the extent of electrical contact between the adjoining surfaces at asperities, thereby increasing the contact resistivity.
A MANET simulator (M-SIM) with an extended worm propagation epidemic model

An approach for the simulation of a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), as a TCP worm infiltrates the network, has been developed. The network simulator mimics the actual performance and protocols of a MANET while taking into account the payload size, channel bandwidth, initial infection probabilities, collisions, radio range, and routing protocols, as well as various other conditions. The simulator demonstrates the propagation of a TCP worm through the network using an extended epidemic model that allows the TCP worm to grow based on network conditions—topology, performance, protocols, etc.
CXC chemokines in angiogenesis.

Abstract CXC chemokines display pleiotropic effects in immunity, regulating angiogenesis, and mediating organ-specific metastases of cancer. In the context of angiogenesis, CXC chemokines are a unique family of cytokines, known for their ability to behave in a disparate manner in the regulation of angiogenesis. Members that contain the ‘ELR' motif are potent promoters of angiogenesis, and mediate their angiogenic activity via binding and activating CXCR2 on endothelium. In contrast, members, in general, those are inducible by interferons and lack the ELR motif (ELR − ) are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, and bind to CXCR3 on endothelium. This review will discuss the biology of these angiogenic and angiostatic CXC chemokines and discuss their disparate angiogenic activity in the context of a variety of disorders.
The Role of Large Scales of Turbulence in Wind Turbine Blades at Various Angles of Attack

Two-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry (2-D PIV) measurements were performed to study the effect of free-stream turbulence (FST) on the flow around a smooth and rough surface airfoil, specifically under stall conditions. A 0.25-m chord model with an S809 profile, common for horizontal-axis wind turbine applications, was tested at a wind tunnel speed of 10 m/s, resulting in Reynolds numbers based on the chord of Rec ≈182,000 and turbulence intensity levels of up to 6.14%. Results indicate that when the flow is fully attached, turbulence significantly decreases aerodynamic efficiency (from L/D ≈ 4.894 to L/D ≈ 0.908). On the contrary, when the flow is mostly stalled, the effect is reversed and aerodynamic performance is slightly improved (from L/D ≈ 1.696 to L/D ≈ 1.787). Analysis of the mean flow over the suction surface shows that, contrary to what is expected, freestream turbulence is actually advancing separation, at stall conditions, particularly when the turbulent scales in the free-stream are of the same order as the chord. This is a result of the complex dynamics between the boundary layer scales and the free-stream turbulence length scales when relatively high levels of active-grid generated turbulence are present.
Ionic conductivity of Zr1−xIn2xO2−x

Abstract As x in Zr(In)O2−x is increased from 0.08 to 0.16 (9–19 mole per cent In2O3) the activation energy E(x) for ionic conduction increases from 1.05 to 1.51 eV; the concuctivity decreases from 2 × 10−5 to 3 × 10−6Ω−1cm−1at 400°C, is composition-independent at about 580°C, and increases from 1 × 10−2 to 4 × 10−2Ω−1cm−1 at 800°C. The pre-exponential term of the Boltzmann-type conductivity equation depends exponentially on E(x), a much stronger dependence on x than theoretically expected with a model for ionic conductivity that includes nearest-neighbor defect interactions. Analysis of reported conductivity data for Zr(M)O2−x (M = Sc, Y, Ca and rare earth metals) and other doped oxide electrolytes with fluorite-type structure reveals that the same relationship is observed with these materials when x γ0.08. It is shown that ionic conduction in these oxides is consistent with nearest neighbor vacancy-cation defect interaction forx The lattice constant of Zr(In)O2−x with the cubic fluorite-type structure is independent of composition, 5.114 ± 0.002 A, in agreement with ionic size considerations.
Modeling LNAPL Extraction with a Trench System

This paper presents a brief review of three numerical and one Excel spreadsheet model for the transport of LNAPL in porous media. The numerical models include two finite-element models, ARMOS and MARS and a finitedifference model, COMPSIM. These models use numerical algorithms to solve the flow and transport equations for water and LNAPL. The Excel spreadsheet model has been developed and published by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and is relatively simple to use. An example is presented illustrating the application of the API model for LNAPL recovery by a trench. In addition, practical limitations of the API model are identified.
Wide-range fast-lock duty-cycle corrector with offset-tolerant duty-cycle detection scheme for 54nm 7Gb/s GDDR5 DRAM interface

A 7Gb/s 1Gb GDDR5 DRAM is implemented in a 54nm DRAM process. In order to improve data valid window at high speed interface, it employs a duty-cycle corrector (DCC) which achieves wide-range and fast-lock time by utilizing an anti-harmonic asynchronous binary search (ABS) circuit, as well as optimizes capability of duty-cycle correction by using offset-tolerant duty-cycle detection scheme. The acceptable range of the DCC is ±100ps and the corrected duty-cycle is 50% ± 6ps. The DCC operates over a wide frequency range from 0.8GHz to 3.5GHz and consumes 4.5mW at 3.5GHz using a 1.5V supply voltage.
Formal and Emergent Predictors of Coworkers' Perceptual Congruence on an Organization's Social Structure

This article examines several factors that are hypothesized to influence the perceptual congruence among organizational members. Perceptual congruence is defined as the extent to which members agree on their perceptions of the organization's social structure. This study proposes that employees congruence on the organization's social structure is influenced by similarities in formal structure, demographic attributes, and emergent structure. The hypotheses were tested using cognitive social structure data collected at a city's public works department.
Prenatal Ultrasound to Detect Fetal Anomalies

Fetal ultrasound imaging has become an indispensable tool in obstetric practice. In spite of early reports revealing a low sensitivity for diagnosing birth defects, ultrasound has become established as a safe and widely used screening test, best performed at about 20 weeks’ gestation. To maximize effectiveness of ultrasound screening, proper sonographer training and quality assurance is essential. Patients undergoing prenatal ultrasound should be made aware of the limitations of this tool for detecting anomalies. Prenatal detection has several practical benefits, including parental preparation, delivery planning, and optimal pediatric care. Effective noninvasive screening tests for aneuploidies have been developed and are superior to maternal age alone as a method of identifying candidates for invasive testing.
Minimum radiation-Q of polarized antennas with various source configurations

The limit curve of fundamental-limit theory provides a critical evaluation tool in terms of antenna size and performance for both systems and antenna engineers. Because the limit curve varies with source configurations and antenna geometry, one can not use the limit curve blindly. In this paper, we demonstrated the change of the minimum radiation-Q for difference source configurations and mode excitations, along with explanations of radiation physics. The results were also explained through various examples. The provided observations and concepts are useful for the design of an antenna close to the theoretical limit.
Correlational υ Ratio Adjustments of Body Weight in Exercise-Oxygen Studies

Abstract The relationship between Vo2 max in 1/min, ml/kg/min and two endurance performance measures were investigated. The data indicated that endurance performance and Vo2 max were to a large extent task specific. Use of the ratio ml/kg/min was shown to result in spurious correlations between that measure and work performance. Use of partial correlations to statistically remove the spurious influence of heterogeneity in body weight was demonstrated. The correlation of r = 0·87 for Vo2 , max in 1/min and total work measured simultaneously on a continuous step-increment bicycle test was shown to be spuriously inflated due to the common element of ergometer riding time. When this spurious factor was partialed out, the r=0·87 was reduced to r = 0·30.
The Influence of Environmental Temperature and Intermittent Watering on Resource Conservation in the Management of Brown Egg Type Hens in Wire Cages

Abstract Three hundred thirty-six brown egg type pullets, housed 3 birds per 30.5 × 45.7 cm cage in a modified stair-step system were subjected to two temperature and two drinking water treatments. The temperatures employed were 15.5 to 18 C and 21 to 24 C. Drinking water treatments utilized trough waterers in which a continuous flow of water was compared with 4 daily waterings of 15 min duration each. Treatment effects on feed consumption, hen-day egg production, egg weight, shell quality, albumen height, and body weight gain were measured. Data were collected for 48 weeks beginning with the onset of egg production at 22 weeks of age. Temperature treatments were maintained only for the first 24 weeks, the cool weather months, of the experiment. Ttreatments had no significant effect on egg production, egg weight, shell thickness, nor albumen quality. The warmer environment and 4 × 15 min water availability each resulted in a significantly lower feed consumption. Initially, body weight gains were greater in the cooler environment, but after 12 weeks production, gains were greater under 21 to 24 C treatment. At the end of the experiment no temperature treatment effects on body weight gain were in evidence. The intermittent drinking water treatment resulted in lighter body weights at 45 and 73 weeks of age. The warmer environment (21 to 24 C) combined with 4 daily waterings of 15 min duration each resulted in the greatest conservation of feed and drinking water.
Effect of pole-tip size on perpendicular recording head remanence

To aid understanding the physical mechanisms responsible for the perpendicular write head remanent field and thereby improve the write head design, we studied the remanence of single-pole perpendicular recording heads with trailing shield by using a contact scanning recording tester. We used two different pole-tip size heads in the study. We found that the remanence areas of the heads tested usually locate at the trailing edge corners of the pole tip. We also found that the remanence areas of both types of heads are also the head field easy-rising areas when the heads are driven by low write currents. Additionally, the current level that leads to remanence is the same for both types of heads. However, the remanence of the small pole-tip heads can be demagnetized by a much lower amplitude reverse current than that of the large pole-tip heads.
The psychology of waste.

In order to avoid the appearance of wastefulness people may be motivated to make choices that compromise their own self-interest. In Experiment 1 subjects learned that Mr Munn didn't take advantage of a ‘three-pack’ which would have enabled him to see three movies for $12, the regular price being $5 per movie. Most subjects predicted that after having attended two movies at the regular price, Mr Munn would then be unwilling to purchase a ticket to attend a potentially enjoyable third movie, either because he would consider such a purchase to be wasteful or because he would be angry at having eschewed the ‘three-pack’. In Experiment 2 subjects who could use an obsolete product to ‘trade-up’ to a new model were more likely to buy the new model than were subjects who could purchase it at the identical low price. It was hypothesized that utilizing an obsolete product to obtain a new model would seem less wasteful than making an outright purchase of the new model. In Experiment 3 a large majority of subjects faced with a sunk cost situation persevered with the failing project if the alternative was selling the material ‘for its scrap value’. However, if the alternative consisted of selling the materials for an identical price to someone who could use them, then subjects were less likely to persevere with the failing project. Marketing implications and the propriety of retrospective evaluation of prior decisions were also discussed.
Directional emission from whispering-gallery modes in deformed fused-silica microspheres

Highly directional emissions from whispering-gallery modes are demonstrated in deformed nonaxisymmetric fused-silica microspheres. Ray trajectory analysis indicates that ray dynamics in a three-dimensional reso-nator differs qualitatively from that of a two-dimensional system, with Arnol'd diffusion playing an essential role in the three-dimensional system.
A Missiological Study of the Phenomenon of Dual Allegiance in the Seventh-day Adventist Church Among the Yoruba People of Nigeria

A MISSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF DUAL ALLEGIANCE IN THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH AMONG THE YORUBA PEOPLE OF NIGERIA
The Carcinogenicity Prediction and Battery Selection Approach

Decisions are most often based upon the results of experiments coupled with the knowledge of experts. When sampling or experimental results are available, they often constitute the major factualinformation input into the decision-making process. For example, clinicians and physicians use diagnostic tests and clinical findings along with their expert knowledge to diagnose their patients’ problems. When the physician estimates that the “risk” of a disease is high enough (here we define “risk” as both the probability and the severity), expert knowledge is again used to develop appropriate treatment plans. Toxicologists (in industry, government, and academia) use test results on live animals as well as short-term in vitro tests to study the carcinogenic potential of chemicals. If the risk of carcinogenicity for a particular chemical is high, then a pharmaceutical or chemical company may decide to stop or delay the development of the chemical, a regulatory agency may decide to ban the development or restrict the use of such a chemical, or a researcher in academia may decide to study this chemical further to examine its modes of action. In industry, quality control managers interpret results from multiple “inspectors” (humans or machines) to identify defective parts and to decide whether a defective part should be destroyed or sent to a rework station. Water resources and environmental engineers utilize results from well sampling to decide what type of action is warranted on an aquifer found to be contaminated.
Arthritis due to Serratia.

In a patient with an exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus with neurological involvement, Serratia species septicemia developed. This responded to appropriate treatment. However, septic arthritis of the left hip with the same organism subsequently developed and required surgical debridement and removal of the left femoral head. The rarity of arthritis due to Serratia species is noted and the possible role of multiple femoral artery punctures contributing to the pathogenesis of this unusual complication of septicemia is discussed.
Antigen-antibody binding kinetics for biosensor applications. A dual-fractal analysis.

The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen (or antibody) in solution to antibody (or antigen) immobilized on a biosensor surface is analyzed within a fractal framework. The fit obtained by a dual-fractal analysis is compared with that obtained from a single-fractal analysis. In some cases, the dual-fractal analysis provides an improved fit when compared with a single-fractal analysis. This was indicated by the regression analysis provided by Sigmaplot (San Rafael, CA). These examples are presented. It is of interest to note that the state of disorder (or the fractal dimension) and the binding rate coefficient both increase (or decrease, a single example is presented for this case) as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface. For example, for the binding of monoclonal antibody MAb 49 in solution to surface-immobilized antigen, a 90.4% increase in the fractal dimension (Df1 toD f2 ) from 1.327 to 2.527 leads to an increase in the binding rate coefficient (k1 to k2) by a factor of 9.4 from 11.74 to 110.3. The different examples analyzed and presented together provide a means by which the antigen-antibody reactions may be better controlled by noting the magnitude of the changes in the fractal dimension and in the binding rate coefficient as the reaction progresses on the biosensor surface.
Laboratory Studies on the Development of Resistance and Cross-Resistance in the Boll Weevil

Laboratory experiments were undertaken to determine if resistance could be developed in the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, to a representative chemical in each of 3 classes of insecticides now being used for its control. The topical-application technique and insecticide-contaminated larval media were the 2 methods of selection utilized. Selections for resistance to azinphosmethyl and carbaryl, using the contaminated larval media, were unsuccessful. However, selections for resistance utilizing the topical application of the selective insecticides were successful in the cases of endrin and a 2:1 mixture of toxaphene-DDT. Where endrin was used as the selective agent in 1 generation and azinphosmethyl in the next generation for 27 generations, resistance was developed to endrin but not to azinphosmethyl. The most important finding was that the laboratory-developed toxaphene-DDT-resistant culture exhibited cross-resistance to 3 organophosphates (5- to 12-fold) and 2 carbamates (40-fold or greater). Two endrin-resistant cultures exhibited lower levels of cross-resistance to these same materials.
Images and Imaginings of Palestine: Territory and Everyday Geopolitics for Palestinian Jordanians

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I delve into the complex ways in which Palestine is conceptualised as both a concrete and amorphous territory through an examination of the everyday practices of displaying images and imagining Palestine. Building from fieldwork conducted with Palestinian Jordanians, I analyse and contextualise images and maps of Palestine that they display in their homes and communities. I complicate what these images seem to represent with insights from interviews I conducted about how they spatially imagine Palestine. Throughout the paper I show that images and imaginings of Palestine are quite diverse and have various territorial meanings. Yet, as varied and seemingly different as these images and imaginings may be, they are nevertheless intimately linked through territorial discourses of displacement and rootedness, as well as through the everyday practices of remembering and resistance. Thus, I contribute to recent scholarship within geopolitics by highlighting (1) the value of examining image...
Research on conversion of six arsenic species under different digestion process

Objective To study the conversion behavior of six arsenic species with different digestion methods,so as to find the solution to the determination of total arsenic in food digestion.Methods Six arsenic species were digested by nitric acid microwave 180℃,20 min,microwave 200℃,25 min,sulfuric acid-nitric acid electric furnace exposure,nitric acid-perchloric acid-sulfuric acid electric furnace exposure,then determined with AFS and LC-UV-AFS to calculate the conversion efficiency of the six arsenic species with various digestion methods.Results As3 +,As5 +,MMA with different digestion methods can achieve satisfactory conversion efficiency;DMA achieved the conversion efficiency of 40% with nitric acid microwave digestion at 180℃ in 20 min,and satisfactory conversion efficiency by the other three methods;Arsenocholine can only be converted with sulfuric acid-nitric acid electric furnace exposure digestion;The conversion efficiency of arsenic fat can achieve about 80% with nitric acid-perchloric acid-sulfuric acid electric furnace exposure digestion.Conclusion Determination of total arsenic in food with relatively high content of organic arsenic(such as seaweed,kelp,scallops,etc) is better to adopt the nitric acid-perchloric acid-sulfuric acid the electric furnaces exposure digestion.
THE EVALUATION OF THE DISINFECTION EFFECT IN THE KINDERGARDENS IN TIEXI DISTRICT FROM 2002-2004.

Objective:To study the quality of the disinfection effect in the kindergardens in Tiexi district in last 3 years.Methods:Toys,cups and the air in the classrooms were sampled randomly for laboratory inspection.Results:There were not any remarkable differences among the disinfection effect in the 3 years.But there was some similar problems among these kindergardens,such as the poor air disinfection effect in the classrooms,the incorrect disinfection method leads to the dissatisfactory disinfection effect on cups and towels,toys used by the kids.Conclusion:More attention should be paid to the disinfection in the kindergartens.
Effect of operation condition on the activities of SCR denitrification catalyst in one coal-fired power plant

Catalyst is the key to the selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NOx,and the properties of the catalysts are directly related to the effect of NOx removal.The fresh catalyst from a certain coal-fired power plant was characterized by SEM,BET,TPD-TPR and XRD.The results showed that NO conversion rate of 93.96% was attained under the condition of space velocity 3 500 h-1 and reaction temperature 350 ℃.Based on these,some suggestions for the operation and management of the catalyst in the coal-fired power plant were put forward.
Study on the Teaching Evaluation System Based on the Quality of High Graded Education Popularized

Due to the educators' diversified need,the popularizing education stage decides that our country's higher education should set up a scientific outlook on development and walk on the road of can-keep-development.The teaching level of the teachers who are the main body of schools' operating activities has great influence on education quality.Currently,there exists a certain degree of inadaptability in the teachers' evaluating system.Therefore,only by active adaptation to the popularizing request of the higher education,insisting a scientific development and quality view and setting up a diversified teaching evaluation index sign system of high school teachers can we raise teaching quality by the root
Assessment of immunochemical methods for the analysis of trichothecene mycotoxins in naturally occurring moldy corn.

The efficacy of various immunochemical methods for simultaneous analysis of different trichothecene mycotoxins in corn samples naturally contaminated with various Fusarium molds was evaluated. Antibodies against either T-2 tetraol tetraacetate (T-2-4ol-4Ac) or deoxynivalenol triacetate (Tri-Ac-DON) were used in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) for total type A and total DON-related trichothecenes (TCTCs), respectively. Specific antibodies against T-2 toxin were used in an RIA for analysis of T-2 toxin alone. Analytical recoveries of T-2 toxin analyzed as T-2-4ol-4Ac by ELISA and T-2 toxin by RIA at 10-200 ppb were 83.5-123% and 81.8-110.6%, respectively. T-2 toxin accounts for about 30% of total type A TCTCs by both liquid chromatography (LC)-ELISA and RIA methods. The correlation coefficients (r) of total type A TCTC levels versus T-2 toxin level by RIA was 0.725 (p < 0.0001). A good correlation (r = 0.84 and p = 0.04) also was found for T-2 toxin levels obtained by LC-ELISA and RIA methods. In addition to T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and T-2 tetrol were found in samples containing high levels of type A TCTCs by LC-ELISA. For analysis of DON alone, samples were treated with a Sep-Pak C 18 cartridge to remove other acetylated DONs before RIA. Recovery of DON after the C 18 cartridge treatment was 90%. Overall analytical recoveries of DON as Tri-Ac-DON (sample with no C 18 treatment) and DON alone (with C 18 treatment) at 10-500 ppb were 81.3-94% and 72.7-104%, respectively. RIA revealed that DON accounts for about 50% of total DON-related TCTCs. The coefficient of correlation between total DON-related TCTCs and DON levels was 0.84 (p < 0.0001).
Errors in microsphere determination of cardiac output: a computer simulation in fetal sheep

Through use of a compartmental model, we simulated the measurement of cardiac output and distribution by means of radioactively labeled microspheres in fetal lambs with weights between 0.5 and 3 kg. A systematic error in measured cardiac output caused by artifactual changes in blood volume caused by the injection and withdrawal of fluids during the procedure was less than 5% for fetal weights greater than or equal to 1 kg but increased for fetal weights less than 1 kg and when hypovolemia was simulated at all fetal weights. Sensitivity analysis disclosed no significant effect of changes in vascular resistance. We examined the effects of recirculation of microspheres and found no significant increase in error in the measured value of cardiac output due to 20% recirculation of all spheres entering a single isolated organ system; however, errors between 7 and 14% were observed with simulations of 20% recirculation in more than one compartment simultaneously. Recirculation also introduced significant errors in the measured distribution of cardiac output in certain cases. The effect on the measured cardiac output of a temporary change in the true cardiac output was dampened by the artifactual blood volume changes mentioned above and the fact that the measurement is a time-weighted average. We also evaluated four different experimental designs. We conclude that the microsphere technique provides a remarkably reliable means of quantifying cardiac output and individual organ flow in the fetus. The nonrandom errors inherent in the procedure examined in this study are of the order of 10%, which is likely to be less than the moment-to-moment variation in the true cardiac output.
Utility of anti-factor Xa monitoring in surgical patients receiving prophylactic doses of enoxaparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis

Abstract Background Between 2% and 10% of the highest risk surgery, patients have a “breakthrough” venous thromboembolism (VTE) event despite receipt of chemoprophylaxis. The goals of this review are to summarize how patient-level factors may predict enoxaparin metabolism and how alterations in enoxaparin dose magnitude and frequency affect both anti-factor Xa (aFXa) levels and downstream VTE events. Data Sources Relevant articles were identified on PubMed. Fixed-dose prophylaxis provides inadequate enoxaparin prophylaxis for most surgical patients based on anti-factor Xa levels. Inadequate enoxaparin dosing has been correlated with both asymptomatic and symptomatic VTE events. Patient-level factors such as gross weight and extent of injury predict enoxaparin metabolism. Weight-based or weight-tiered dosing regimens—and real-time dose adjustment based on anti-factor Xa levels—allow an increased proportion of patients to have in-range anti-factor Xa levels. Conclusions Inadequate enoxaparin dosing may explain why some patients have VTE despite enoxaparin prophylaxis. Ongoing research in the utility of weight-based or anti-factor Xa level driven enoxaparin dosing and dose adjustment is reasonable.
Risk preference and adverse selection for participation in time-of-use electricity pricing programs

Time-invariant electricity pricing does not reflect daily variation in the cost of producing electricity and thus can cause economic inefficiency. Time-of-use pricing (TOU), which has higher electricity prices during peak hours and lower prices during non-peak hours, is a pricing scheme that can help achieve more efficient levels of electricity consumption. This study examines factors influencing consumers’ participation in voluntary TOU programs with particular attention to individual-specific risk and time preferences elicited through multiple price-list experiments. Evidence from a study of 398 homeowners in Arizona and California, U.S., indicates that more risk averse consumers are less likely to enroll in TOU programs. The results suggest evidence of adverse selection, with households who consume less energy during peak hours being more likely to enroll in TOU programs. Time preferences are found to have a statistically significant and negative impact on consumers’ adoption of programmable thermostats, a technology that can allow households to better respond to TOU pricing. However, we find no evidence that consumers’ decisions to enroll in TOU programs and adopt programmable thermostats are correlated. Our results have important implications for policymakers and utility companies, which attempt to increase participation in voluntary TOU programs.
Acrokeratosis Paraneoplastica Associated with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background. Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica, or Bazex syndrome, is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by cutaneous psoriasiform lesions with associated acral erythema and scale, as well as nail changes, including onycholysis and ungual dystrophy. Its most advanced, severe form involves the trunk, elbows, and knees. It is typically associated with upper aerodigestive tract malignancies in males. Rare cases associated with gynecological cancers have been reported, including uterine adenocarcinoma, as well as ovarian and vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Cutaneous manifestations often precede cancer diagnosis. In most reported cases, skin changes resolve when the underlying malignancy is adequately treated. Main Observations. We present the case of a 56-year-old female diagnosed with acrokeratosis paraneoplastica following the discovery of FIGO stage IIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Scaling, hyperpigmentation, xerosis, and fissuring were noted on the patient’s hands, feet, legs, arms, and lower back. Pitting was noted on her fingernails. Her cervical cancer was successfully treated with chemoradiotherapy, after which her cutaneous lesions persisted for two months before resolving. Conclusions. The presentation of acrokeratosis paraneoplastica in this context is atypical. Reports of associations with gynecological cancers, as in our patient’s case, are exceedingly rare.
Applying Looks-like Analysis and Bass Diffusion Model Techniques to Forecast a Neurostimulator Device with No Historical Data

Abstract This work utilizes looks-like analysis and the Bass diffusion model to generate sales forecasts of a responsive neurostimulation (RNS) system. Due to the lack of historical data, a combination of techniques is utilized to predict the device's demand. Looks-like analysis is used to analyse analogous devices and their sales patterns to select the device closest to the RNS system. Next, parameters for the Bass diffusion model are estimated, and potential baseline forecasts are developed using two methods. Results suggest that peak sales for the device will occur around years 2021-2024 .
Electromagnetic-micromagnetic simulator for magnetization-eddy current dynamics in magnetic materials and devices

A coupled Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) — Maxwell equations solver is presented. The solver uses the quasistatic approximation to the Maxwell equations and can be used to study the effect of eddy currents dynamics on the electromagnetic fields solution and on the magnetization dynamics in magnetic systems. The proposed approach uses two parallel solvers, one for the LLG equation, one for the Maxwell equations, and integrates in time using an error controlled Newton method. Numerical results are validated by comparing with a known analytical solution.
Serine protease inhibitor 6 protects alloreactive T cells from Granzyme B-mediated mitochondrial damage without affecting graft-versus-tumor effect.

ABSTRACTAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a potentially curative therapy for hematologic malignancies. Donor T cells are able to eliminate residual tumor cells after allo-HCT, producing the beneficial graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect, but can also cause graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) when attacking host normal tissues. We previously reported that granzyme B (GzmB) is involved in activation-induced cell death (AICD) of donor T cells and exerts differential impacts on GVHD and GVT effect. Serine protease inhibitor 6 (Spi6) is the sole endogenous inhibitor of GzmB that can protect immune and tissue cells against GzmB-mediated damage. This study is aimed to delineate the mechanism by which the GzmB-Spi6 axis regulates allogeneic T cell response. Using multiple clinically relevant murine allo-HCT models, we have found that Spi6 is concentrated in mitochondria during allogeneic T cell activation, while Spi6−/− T cells exhibit abnormal mitochondrial membrane potential, mass, reactive o...
The Evidence for Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA

A system for Caries Management by Risk Assessment (CAMBRA®) has been developed in California. The purpose of this article is to summarize the science behind the methodology, the history of the development of CAMBRA, and the outcomes of clinical application. The CAMBRA caries risk assessment (CRA) tool for ages 6 y through adult has been used at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), for 14 y, and outcome studies involving thousands of patients have been conducted. Three outcomes assessments, each on different patient cohorts, demonstrated a clear relationship between CAMBRA-CRA risk levels of low, moderate, high, and extreme with cavitation or lesions into dentin (by radiograph) at follow-up. This validated risk prediction tool has been updated with time and is now routinely used at UCSF and in other settings worldwide as part of normal clinical practice. The CAMBRA-CRA tool for 0- to 5-y-olds has demonstrated similar predictive validity and is in routine use. The addition of chemical therapy (antibacterial plus fluoride) to the traditional restorative treatment plan, based on caries risk status, has been shown to reduce the caries increment by about 20% to 38% in high-caries-risk adult patients. The chemical therapy used for high-risk patients is a combination of daily antibacterial therapy (0.12% w/v chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse) and twice-daily high-concentration fluoride toothpaste (5,000 ppm F), both for home use. These outcomes assessments provide the evidence to use these CRA tools with confidence. Caries can be managed by adding chemical therapy, based on the assessed caries risk level, coupled with necessary restorative procedures. For high- and extreme-risk patients, a combination of antibacterial and fluoride therapy is necessary. The fluoride therapy must be supplemented by antibacterial therapy to reduce the bacterial challenge, modify the biofilm, and provide prevention rather than continued caries progression.
Association of Birthplace and Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among US Adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2006 to 2014

Background The proportion of foreign‐born US adults has almost tripled since 1970. However, less is known about the cardiovascular morbidity by birthplace among adults residing in the United States. This study9s objective was to compare the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke among US adults by birthplace. Methods and Results We used data from the 2006 to 2014 National Health Interview Survey. Birthplace was categorized as United States or foreign born. Foreign born was then grouped into 6 birthplace regions. We defined CHD and stroke as ever being told by a physician that she or he had CHD or stroke. We adjusted for select demographic and health characteristics in the analysis. Of US adults, 16% were classified as foreign born. Age‐standardized prevalence of both CHD and stroke were higher among US‐ than foreign‐born adults (CHD: 8.2% versus 5.5% for men and 4.8% versus 4.1% for women; stroke: 2.7% versus 2.1% for men and 2.7% versus 1.9% for women; all P Conclusions Overall, foreign‐born adults residing in the United States had a lower prevalence of CHD and stroke than US‐born adults. However, considerable heterogeneity of CHD and stroke risk was found by region of birth.
The Advantages of Short Range Telemetry through the Intact Skin for Physiological Measurements in Both Animals and Man

Abstract The development of the transistor, slightly more than 20 years ago, has made the ability to surgically implant electronic devices in the body of man and animals a reality, for both prosthetic and diagnostic purposes. The electronic pacemaker is probably the most widely known such device. It is usually preprogramed and not a telemetry device, although some of the earlier systems did provide external rate control, a form of command telemetry, through the intact skin. The surgical implantation of electronic devices within the body presents an exciting new frontier in the advancement of medical science. Although radio telemetry is commonly conceived of as a system for telemetry or communications over very great distances, it can also have very useful short range applications. Specifically an implant system is just as remote and inaccessible after surgery as a space satellite is and ideally requires data communications (down link) and command telemetry (up link) as in a satellite system. Wireless telemetry through the intact skin provides both a data and command link for such prosthesis as nerve stimulators, bladder control, pain suppression, artificial vision, artificial hearing, artificial pancreas, to name only a few that are currently in various stages of development. Diagnostic systems have received less attention but could be extremely useful in determining the efficacy of a particular drug treatment. Telemetry for gathering physiological data from small unrestrained animals is now widely used. When a long range is required, as might be the case in wild animals in the natural habitat, the short range telemetry can be combined advantageously with an external relay system to achieve virtually an unlimited operating distance.
Differential temporal salience of earning and saving

People are often characterized as poor savers. Here we examined whether cues associated with earning and saving have differential salience for attention and action. We first modeled earning and saving after positive and negative variants of monetary reinforcement, i.e., gains versus avoiding loss. Despite their equivalent absolute magnitude in a monetary incentive task, colors predicting saving were judged to appear after those that predicted earning in a temporal-order judgment task. This saving posteriority effect also occurred when savings were framed as earnings that come slightly later. Colors predicting savings, whether they acquired either negative or positive value, persisted in their posteriority. An attentional asymmetry away from money-saved relative to money-earned, potentially contributes to decreased everyday salience and future wealth.
EXPERIÊNCIAS DE LETRAMENTO E ALFABETIZAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL

O ensaio aborda um relato de experiencia desenvolvido na Educacao Infantil, trazendo acoes potencializadoras dos processos de letramento e alfabetizacao. O objetivo e de reconhecer as acoes pedagogicas do contexto diario com o processo de letramento e alfabetizacao, por meio de uma pesquisa participante e exploratoria. Esse movimento interpretativo possibilita verificar a articulacao entre as teorias de aprendizagem e suas implicacoes praticas, realizando uma analise comparativa entre a acao do educador em sala de aula e as possibilidades de potencializacao desse espaco e dos diferentes saberes, para a promocao de uma educacao cognitiva, plural e emocional.