cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of heteroscedasticity and mis-specification issues in the market model: results from the Athens Stock Exchange

The traditional tests and the relevant explanations given by researchers on the basis of their empirical results, in cases where there is evidence of heteroscedasticity and surrounding mis-specification issues in the market model is investigated and criticized. To this Purpose, data from the Athens Stock Exchange are used. To get meaningful comparisons and results, the authors first apply the classical heteroscedasticity and mis-specification tests used in the literature by researchers, and analyse the results also under a classical view. They then apply more recent and efficient tests to find out contradictions and disproportions between the former and the latter tests, as well as to draw comments and conclusions supplementary to the existing evidence and to propose other appropriate ways for estimation and specification of the market model. It appears, as a general conculsion of the authors’ work, that singnificant distortions are observed in the traditional market model when it is used in small but con...
Cardiac output distribution in the laying hen during shell formation

Abstract 1. 1. During shell formation the organs of the laying hen received the following percentages of the cardiac output: kidneys (arterial), 9·96; shell gland, 8·58; liver (arterial), 7·05; heart, 5·78; magnum, 5·70; duodenum, 4·81; femora, 4·08; spleen, 3·37; tibiae, 2·62; isthmus, 1·06; pancreas, 0·70; colon, 0·40; metatarsi, 0·10; cerebellum, 0·09; parathyroids, 0·06; thyroids, 0·04; adrenals, 0·03. 2. 2. The Evans Blue method gave consistently higher estimates of cardiac output (277 ± 16 ml/kg per min) than the indocyanine green method (177 ± 11 ml/kg per min). 3. 3. On a weight basis, the parathyroids received the highest blood flow (13·5 ml/g per min), possibly because they may include the carotid body. Blood flow rates to the duodenum and bones were higher than in mammals.
Disturbances in the Process of Cell-Division in the Pupal Wing of the Flour-Moth Ephestia kühniella as Result of Heat-Treatment

Wings of pupae of Ephestia kuhniella, which were exposed to heat at the beginning of the mitosis-period, show a decrease in number of cell divisions and a large increase of anaphases 12-24 hours after exposure. This suggests that few, if any, cells enter mitosis after heat-treatment, while the cells already dividing during the time of exposure finish their process of division at a slower rate. 36 hours after exposure to heat the normal division-process sets in again.
Securing While Sampling in Wireless Body Area Networks With Application to Electrocardiography

Stringent resource constraints and broadcast transmission in wireless body area network raise serious security concerns when employed in biomedical applications. Protecting data transmission where any minor alteration is potentially harmful is of significant importance in healthcare. Traditional security methods based on public or private key infrastructure require considerable memory and computational resources, and present an implementation obstacle in compact sensor nodes. This paper proposes a lightweight encryption framework augmenting compressed sensing with wireless physical layer security. Augmenting compressed sensing to secure information is based on the use of the measurement matrix as an encryption key, and allows for incorporating security in addition to compression at the time of sampling an analog signal. The proposed approach eliminates the need for a separate encryption algorithm, as well as the predeployment of a key thereby conserving sensor node's limited resources. The proposed framework is evaluated using analysis, simulation, and experimentation applied to a wireless electrocardiogram setup consisting of a sensor node, an access point, and an eavesdropper performing a proximity attack. Results show that legitimate communication is reliable and secure given that the eavesdropper is located at a reasonable distance from the sensor node and the access point.
Homelessness in Public Libraries

This paper takes a theoretical and practical approach in defining the “problem” of homelessness in libraries. The author examines three fundamental problems on homelessness. The three fundamental questions are: (a) Who are the homeless? (b) Why are they homeless? (c) What are their information needs in libraries? These questions are important in the understanding of the challenges that homeless users present to libraries. Libraries can implement proactive steps to meet their needs without compromising the needs of other users. It is possible to overcome the dilemma between serving the majority groups and extending services to special groups like the homeless. Homeless users are not problem patrons by default. They belong to one of the underserved user groups who deserve to be treated with respect. Libraries should be a safe haven and stable learning environment for all users, regardless of their social and living status. Libraries have the social responsibility to promote sensitivity among the public towa...
Identification of both termini of an oligonucleotide in a nanomole quantity.

Abstract The use of the Varian Aerograph LCS-1000 is extended to the determination of mononucleotides and mononucleoside 3′,5′-diphosphates on the nanomole level. In combination with the previously described method for the determination of nucleosides the new method allows identification of both termini in an oligonucleotide of any length. Only one enzyme is used to degrade the oligonucleotide, venom exonuclease for a 3′-oligonucleotide or micrococcal nuclease for a 5′-oligonucleotide. The same method also allows the elucidation of the sequence of a trinucleotide, and the determination of chain length of oligonucleotide.
Mitigating hydrologic financial risk in hydropower generation using index-based financial instruments

Abstract Variability in streamflows can lead to reduced generation from hydropower producers and result in reductions in revenues that can be financially disruptive. This link between hydrologic and financial uncertainties, and the possibility of increased hydrologic variability in the future, suggests that hydropower producers need to begin to consider new strategies and tools for managing these financial risks. This study uses an integrated hydro-economic model of the Roanoke River Basin to characterize the financial risk faced by hydropower generators as a result of hydrologic variability, and develops several index-based financial hedging contracts intended to mitigate this risk. Several different indices are evaluated in terms of their ability to serve as the basis for effective financial contracts. Contract structures are then developed and evaluated using a 100-year simulation that describes hydropower operations in the Roanoke basin. Basis risk, contract pricing, and risk mitigation are investigated for three styles of contracts: insurance, binary, and collar. In all three cases, the contracts are shown to be capable of substantially reducing the risks of very low revenue years for costs that are a small fraction of total annual revenues (1–3%).
Research Note: The relationship between triclosan antimicrobial product usage and the susceptibility of the staphylococci to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin

Abstract Triclosan (2, 4, 4′-trichloro-2′-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is a bisphenol antimicrobial agent that can promote antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to determine a possible association between triclosan exposure and bacterial susceptibility of the staphylococci to the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Determining this relationship will allow a deeper understanding of triclosan's affects on the development of antibiotic resistance. For this study, a one month double-blind and randomized home hygiene intervention trial was conducted that consisted of 12 participants. Half of these individuals were randomly assigned to use a non-antibacterial soap, while the other half were assigned to use a similar appearing liquid soap containing 0.2%triclosan. The participants were required to use only those products that were assigned to them, and were asked not to change any of their other normal hygiene practices. If any of these participants were found to use any other home hygiene prod...
Biomass accumulation over the first 150 years in coastal Oregon Picea-Tsuga forest

. Production and mortality are the component processes that together determine the biomass dynamics of forests. Due to the significant role of forests in the global carbon cycle, it is important to assess how these two processes affect the maximum biomass attained by forests, as well as the dynamics leading up to and following peak biomass. We address these questions for two sets of plots in Picea sitchensis-Tsuga heterophylla forest on the northern Oregon coast that originated from a catastrophic wildfire in the 1840s, using new data on dynamics of live trees and stocks of coarse woody debris (CWD). The set of plots closest to the ocean and occupying steeper, more dissected terrain with areas of thin soils has lower biomass, lower net primary production (NPP) of bole wood and higher tree mortality as a fraction of standing biomass. The two sets of plots have similar CWD levels, most of which has accumulated in the last 25 yr. The present disparity in biomass between the two sets of plots appears to be the result of lower NPP on the low-biomass plots for the entire 140+ yr history of the forest. Over the 58 yr that the high-biomass plots have been measured (from stand age 85 to 143 yr), NPP of bole wood has declined by 41%. Only ca. 6% of this decline can be accounted for by an increase in maintenance respiration of woody tissues. For both sets of plots relative constancy of biomass in the long term appears likely, due to a short time lag in tree regeneration, asynchronous tree mortality and little overall decline in NPP of bole wood in recent decades. However, since tree mortality as a fraction of standing biomass is higher on the low-biomass plots, and NPP of bole wood is slightly lower, the difference in biomass between the two sets of plots should increase if current rates of production and mortality persist.
Absolute and Comparative Risk Perceptions as Predictors of Cancer Worry: Moderating Effects of Gender and Psychological Distress

Risk perceptions for cancer measured on absolute scales (e.g., "What is the likelihood that you will get cancer?") and on comparative scales (e.g., "How does your risk compare with that of someone similar to you?") are independently associated with worry about cancer. We examined this finding in a large sample across several types of cancer, and explored whether these relationships are moderated by three clinically relevant variables-gender, levels of psychological distress, and cancer experience. Participants were respondents in a national survey who reported risk perceptions and worry regarding colon cancer (923 men, 1,532 women), breast cancer (2,154 women), and prostate cancer (860 men), and completed a validated measure of psychological distress. Analyses showed that absolute and comparative risk perceptions were independent predictors of worry across all cancer sites, but that absolute risk perceptions were significantly more predictive than comparative risk perceptions of worry for women (but not men). Among people who were more highly distressed, comparative risk perceptions were the only significant predictor of worry. Absolute risk and comparative risk were equally predictive of cancer worry among people who previously had been diagnosed with cancer. These findings imply that interventions highlighting the communication of comparative risk information may be differentially effective depending on the audience.
Uniformity measurements and new positioning algorithms for wavelength-shifting fiber neutron detectors

Abstract Wavelength-shifting (WLS) fiber scintillator detectors were successfully installed at two neutron powder diffractometers at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). However, they have the following second-order disadvantages: (i) they cannot have both high efficiency and images free of ghosting (position misassignment) concurrently; (ii) the apparent detection efficiency and spatial resolution are not uniform. These issues are related to the diffusion of scintillation photons and the fluctuation in the number of photons (quantum noise) collected by photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs). To mitigate these two issues, we developed two statistics-based positioning algorithms, i.e., a centroid algorithm (CEA) and a correlation algorithm (CA). Compared with the generally used maximum-photon algorithm (MPA), the CEA eliminates the ghosting with only about a 10% loss in detection efficiency, and provides better uniformity in detection efficiency and intrinsic background and lower gamma-ray sensitivity. The CA can effectively eliminate ghosting too, but the loss of efficiency at the group boundaries of PMTs is large. The results indicate that both algorithms can reduce the influence of quantum noise on the neutron positioning.
Serum myocardial creatine kinase (CK-MB) after coronary arterial bypass surgery.

Abstract Serum myocardial creatine kinase, MB isoenzyme (CK−MB) was measured at 6 hour intervals for 36 hours after surgery by ion exchange column chromatography for detection of perioperative myocardial infarction and was compared with serial electrocardiograms, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme determination and technetium-99m pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy in 100 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Results were compared with those in a control group of 10 patients with normal coronary arteries after closure of an atrial septal defect or mitral valvotomy. Total CK-MB release was estimated by calculating the concentration time integral for 36 hours after surgery. In 77 of 87 patients with a peak CK-MB and total CK-MB release lower than the highest control value (or mean + 2 standard deviations), all other tests were also negative for perioperative myocardial infarction. The other 10 patients had an isolated positive laboratory test (5 patients showed ischemic electrocardiographic changes, 3 patients an SGOT level of more than 90 IU/liter and 2 patients LDH1 equal to or greater than LDH2). All 13 patients with CK-MB values higher than the highest control value (or mean ± 2 standard deviations) had at least two additional positive laboratory tests indicating perioperative myocardial infarction (8 patients had new Q waves, 3 patients ischemic electrocardiographic changes, 11 patients LDH1 equal to or greater than LDH2, 11 patients SGOT greater than 90 IU/liter and 8 of 10 patients a positive myocardial scintigram). Thus, CK-MB by column chromatography is a reliable test for recognition of perioperative myocardial infarction and appears to be more sensitive than electrocardiography or scintigraphy for detection of myocardial necrosis. Reliability may be strengthened by the association of elevated CK-MB with additional positive tests.
Limits on the tectonic significance of rapid cooling events in extensional settings: Insights from the Bitterroot metamorphic core complex, Idaho-Montana

Rapid cooling events deduced from thermochronologic data are often interpreted to be coincident with the age of extensional denudation in metamorphic core complexes. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data for mylonitic and nonmylonitic footwall rocks from the Bitterroot core complex, Idaho-Montana, United States, challenge this view. Previous work brackets the age of the principal detachment in this area, the Bitterroot mylonite zone, between 48 ± 1 and 46.4 ± 0.8 Ma. Newly obtained hornblende 40 Ar/ 39 Ar cooling ages for samples collected from the mylonite zone are within this age range, consistent with mylonitization at amphibolite facies conditions. However, muscovite, biotite, and potassium feldspar 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of ∼45-40 Ma for rocks from the same area define a rapid cooling event that is significantly younger than the Bitterroot mylonite zone. If the 45-40 Ma event is related to tectonic denudation by movement on the detachment, then we can infer a time lag of ∼1-3 m.y. between the age of unroofing and the time of thermal reequilibration. These data suggest caution in the use of 40 Ar/ 39 Ar data from the footwalls of metamorphic core complexes to suggest the precise age of tectonic denudation.
Wave propagation through turbulent atmosphere modulated by large-scale Gaussian variabilities

A path-integral solution is used to describe the statistical moments of wave propagating in an intermittent random medium. The theory provides a general framework, examines the effect of intermittency due to the practically Gaussian large-scale variabilities, and develops the formulation necessary for remote sensing applications. We speculated that Gaussian large-scale variability can be attributed to the terrain, canopy, swell waves, albedo distribution, cloud obscuration or gravity wave modulation. The paper concludes that although the Gaussian large-scale is the asymptotic limit for all processes at ranges that are relatively short or long compared with the large scale of the variability, higher cumulants are required to bound the result for a strong large-scale fluctuations.
TH‐A‐217BCD‐03: Spectral Distortion Correction for Photon‐Counting X‐Ray Detectors

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using an image‐based method to correct for spectral distortions from photon‐counting detectors for their application in breast computed tomography(CT).Methods: The polyenergetic incident spectrum was simulated with the tungstenanode spectral model. Experiments were performed on a Cadmium‐Zinc‐Telluride (CZT) photon‐counting detector with five energy thresholds. BR12 phantoms of various thicknesses were used for calibration. A non‐linear function was selected to fit the count correlation between the simulated and the measured spectra in the calibration process. To evaluate the proposed spectral distortion correction method, both the corrected counts and the effective attenuation coefficients were compared to the simulated values for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms of 8.7 mm, 48.8 mm and 100.0 mm. The feasibility of applying the proposed method to quantitative material decomposition was tested using a dual‐energy imaging technique with a three‐material phantom that consisted of water, lipid and protein.Results: The implementation of the proposed method reduced the relative RMS error of the output counts in the five energy bins with respect to the simulated incident counts from 23.0%, 33.0% and 54.0% to 1.2%, 1.8% and 7.7% for 8.7 mm, 48.8 mm and 100.0 mm PMMA phantoms, respectively. The accuracy of the effective attenuation coefficient of PMMA estimate was also improved with the proposed spectral distortion correction. Finally, the relative RMS error of water, lipid and protein decompositions in dual‐ energy imaging was significantly reduced from 53.4% to 6.8% after correction was applied. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively reduce the spectral distortions caused by various artifacts, including pulse pileup and charge sharing effects. It may be used as a generalized procedure for the spectrum distortion correction of different photon‐counting detectors in clinical breast CT systems.
Laser anemometer signals: visibility characteristics and application to particle sizing

Investigations have been conducted concerning the characteristics of the visibility function as determined by the parameters of the laser anemometer system and the electromagnetic scattering properties of the particles. Experiments have been performed to evaluate the backscatter visibility of signals from a symmetric, s polarization laser anemometer as a function of the particle diameter and a parameter ratio. The results have been compared with the predictions of an analysis based on Mie's scattering theory. The analysis has also been used to evaluate the effects of the collecting aperture's size and location.
Calculation of start-oscillationcurrent for lossy gyro-TWT using linear TWT parameter conversions

Summary form only given. The start-oscillation-current of a gyro-TWT determines the stable operating current level of the device. The amplifier is susceptible for oscillations when the operating current level is higher than the start-oscillation current. There are several ways of calculating the start-oscillation current, including using the linear theory of a gyro-TWT. In this paper, we present a simple way of determining the start oscillation current of lossy gyro-TWT. The linear TWT parameters that include the effects of synchronism, loss, and gain, were converted to gyro-TWT parameters to calculate the start oscillation-current. The dependence on magnetic field, loss, and beam alpha was investigated. Calculations were carried out for a Ka-band gyro-TWT for both operating and competing modes. Comparison with linear theory will be presented.
A Note on the Law of the Iterated Logarithm in Hilbert Space

Kuelbs (1975) established a Kolmogorov-Erdos-Petrowski type integral test for lower and upper classes in the law of the iterated logarithm for sums of i.i.d. Hilbert space valued Gaussian mean zero random variables. We show that this integral test remains valid for sums of i.i.d. pregaussian mean zero random variables satisfying an additional (very mild) assumption.
FAMILY IMPACT ANALYSIS: CONCEPTS AND METHODOLOGIES*

A brief introduction to the background, current concerns, and methodologies of Family Impact Analysis is presented. The concept of Family Impact Analysis will be delineated by a discussion of the background of Family Impact Analysis, its particular timeliness now, the relationship of Family Impact Analysis to other policy or program analyses, the nature of potential policy impacts on families, and different research strategies appropriate for Family Impact Analysis. The basic elements of a step-by-step methodology for engaging in family impact analysis is briefly outlined. These steps include: 1) identification of the policy for analysis; 2) identification of family impacts of concern; 3) specification of the relationship between policy components and hypothesized family impacts; 4) design and implementation of the research; 5) analysis of findings; and 6) evaluation of and presentation of findings. The current state of the art regarding family impact analysis as a methodology will be reviewed, and recommendations for further development and utilization of this methodology will be offered.
Fretting fatigue analysis using a fracture mechanics based small crack growth prediction method

Abstract A complete life model for the nucleation and growth of a fretting fatigue crack has been developed. The nucleation of a fretting crack is predicted by superimposing the crack growth rate experienced under fretting conditions onto S–N fatigue data for the alloy. The growth model utilizes small crack growth rate data and a fretting fatigue stress intensity factor to account for the small crack sizes and higher stresses experienced under fretting fatigue conditions. The development of the propagation model within the established fatigue crack growth code AFGROW allows this approach to be readily used by members of the aerospace industry.
EFFECT OF VARIATION IN LENGTH OF DAY ON GROWTH AND DORMANCY OF TREES.

One of the outstanding characteristics of the woody plants that are native to the temperate zone is the periodicity of their growth. This periodicity has commonly been assumed to depend largely if not entirely on the periodicity of temperatures favorable to growth. There are reasons, however, for doubting that temperature is the only important factor affecting the length of the growing season. Even in the tropics where the temperature is always high enough to permit growth, many species show a definite periodicity. In the temperate zone the growing season of most species is relatively short, growth ceasing and in some cases leaf abscission beginning long before the occurrence of frosts. Even evergreen species have a limited growing season which usually ends before the advent of temperatures low enough to check growth appreciably. Furthermore, many species of trees brought into the greenhouse in the summer and kept there during the autumn and winter cease stem elongation and the production of new leaves as soon as trees of the same species that are left out-of-doors. Dormancy in such cases is evidently not the result of decreasing temperature, but is caused by some other factor which operates inside as well as outside the greenhouse. The only such factor which varies with the season is length of day. In the latitude of Durham, North Carolina, where these observations were made, there is a difference of about five hours between the longest and the shortest days of the year and this, difference becomes progressively greater with increasing distance from the equator. As a result of the work of Garner and Allard (6, 7) and others, it is well known that the length of day or photoperiod is an important factor in determining the time of flowering and amount and nature of vegetative growth of many species of herbaceous plants. References to the extensive literature on this subject are given in the papers of Garner and Allard (6,7), Kellerman (11), Laurie and Poesch (16), and Ramaley (21), so no review of the work on herbaceous plants will be made here. Klebs (13) was one of the first to investigate the effects of length of day on woody species. He reported that beech, oak, ash, and hornbeam grew all winter when placed under continuous electric light. Garner and Allard (7) also experimented with several species of woody plants, including apple, yellow poplar, box elder, winged sumac, and smooth sumac. They found that yellow poplar, given daylight supplemented by electric light
Experimental study of fracture processes in rock

The Fracture process zone in compact tension specimens of Indiana limestone was investigated to study its effect on the fracture mechanics parameters in such materials. Specimens were tested up to the peak load, and propagation of the crack from a preexisting notch was monitored. Experiments were designed to study the two features of the fracture process zone in rocks: ligament connections and microcracking. To observe this zone with high sensitivity and accuracy, laser interferometry methods were adopted. Holographic Interferometry was used to observe initial crack propagation. To obtain more quantitative measurements of the displacement field, in realtime, the recently developed technique of electronic speckle pattern interferometry was applied. This technique can provide continuous video recording of the interferometric fringe pattern, depict the evolution of the fracture process, and measure profiles of crack opening displacements. The macroscopic observations of full-field displacement by the laser techniques were supplemented by post mortem observation of the fracture region under a scanning electron microscope. Regions around the crack were studied after the test for possible presence of microcracks. An interactive finite element code was used to compute the stress intensity factors of the propagating crack-tip and displacements. Finite element computations were used to evaluate the effect of the process zone on crack propagation.
Roadmaps, not blueprints: paving the way to science gateway success

As science today grows ever more digital, it poses exciting challenges and opportunities for researchers. The existence of science gateways---and the advanced cyberinfrastructure (CI) tools and resources behind the accessible Web interfaces---can significantly improve the productivity of researchers facing the most difficult challenges, but designing the most effective tools requires an investment of time, effort, and money. Because all gateways cannot be funded in the long term, it is important to identify the characteristics of successful gateways and make early efforts to incorporate whatever strategies will set up new gateways for success. Our research seeks to identify why some gateway projects change the way science is conducted in a given community while other gateways do not. Through a series of five full-day, iterative, multidisciplinary focus groups, we have gathered input and insights from sixty-six participants representing a diverse array of gateways and portals, funding organizations, research institutions, and industrial backgrounds. In this paper, we describe the key factors for success as well as the situational enablers of these factors. These findings are grouped into five main topical areas---the builders, the users, the roadmaps, the gateways, and the support systems---but we find that many of these factors and enablers are intertwined and inseparable, and there is no easy prescription for success.
SV40 early mutants that are defective for viral DNA synthesis but competent for transformation of cultured rat and simian cells.

Abstract An early SV40 mutant (C6/SV40) was isolated by rescuing the viral DNA integrated into the genome of the C6 cell line which is a CV1 cell line transformed with uv-irradiated SV40. The DNA of C6/SV40 mutant does not replicate detectably in permissive, simian cells, but it transforms them with high efficiency. It also transforms established rat cells with an efficiency equal to that of wild-type DNA, although the phenotype of the mutant-transformed cells is somewhat different from that of the wild-type transformants. Genetic analysis shows that C6/SV40 carries multiple mutations. These mutations were partially segregated into separate viral genomes, C6-1 and C6-2. Nucleotide sequencing showed that the mutations in both C6-1 and C6-2 were transversions (G to T at nucleotide 5074 and A to T at nucleotide 5011 in C6-1, and A to C at nucleotide 4360 in C6-2); all nucleotide numbers are in SV system (J. Tooze (ed.) (1982), “Molecular Biology of Tumor Viruses,” Part 2, “DNA Tumor Viruses,” Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.). The predicted amino acid changes are Met-Ile and Lys-Asn in C6-1 and Asn-Thr in C6-2. In the case of C6-1, these substitutions would occur in the N-terminal portion of large T antigen that is held in common with small t antigen (amino acids 30 and 51). The mutated amino acid in C6-2 resides in the unique portion of large T antigen at position 153. Both C6-1 and C6-2 transform established rat cells as efficiently as wild-type SV40. However, no replication of C6-2 DNA is detectable in permissive CV1 cells, while replication of C6-1 DNA occurs with significantly reduced efficiency. A revertant of C6-1 was isolated and found to have retained the two original mutations and to have acquired a new mutation (G to A at nucleotide 4977), predicting an amino acid change of Glu-Lys at amino acid position 63, which is common to both large and small T antigens.
Candidate genes contributing to the aggressive phenotype of mantle cell lymphoma.

Abstract Mantle cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma are lymphocyte cancers that have similar morphologies and a common age of onset. Mantle cell lymphoma is generally an aggressive B cell lymphoma with a short median survival time, whereas small lymphocytic lymphoma is typically an indolent B cell lymphoma with a prolonged median survival time. Using primary tumor samples in bi-directional suppression subtractive hybridization, we identified genes with differential expression in an aggressive mantle cell lymphoma versus an indolent small lymphocytic lymphoma. “Virtual” Northern blot analyses of multiple lymphoma samples confirmed that a set of genes was preferentially expressed in aggressive mantle cell lymphoma compared to indolent small lymphocytic lymphoma. These analyses identified mantle cell lymphoma-specific genes that may be involved in the aggressive behavior of mantle cell lymphoma and possibly other aggressive human lymphomas. Interestingly, most of these differentially expressed genes have not been identified using other techniques, highlighting the unique ability of suppression subtractive hybridization to identify potentially rare or low expression genes.
The Clack graphical router: visualizing network software

We present Clack, a graphical environment for teaching students how Internet routers work and other core networking concepts. Clack is a router written as a Java Applet, and routes live network traffic in real-time. Students can look inside the router to see how packets are processed, and watch the dynamics of the queues. They can modify and enhance the router, making it handle packets as they wish. Clack provides multiple views of the operational router including the full network topology, the router's software components, and the packet-level view of traffic as it passes through the router. Clack's detailed visual interface to the software internals of a functioning router, as well as its ability to modify and observe live Internet traffic, provide a unique environment to aid in networking education.Over the last two years, Clack has been used in the classroom at six universities. Feedback from the students through anonymous, formal evaluations has been positive. In this paper we describe the goals and design of Clack as well as our experiences using it in the classroom.
Older Adults and the Public Library: The Impact of the Boomer Generation

This article reports an investigation of older-adult services at fifty public libraries to determine if public libraries are providing services to the growing older-adult population and if any are guided by the American Library Association Guidelines for Older Adults 2008 and Institute of Museum and Library Services 2008 strategies for lifelong learning. The results indicate that few programs target older adults, although 74 percent offered lifelong learning opportunities. Thirty-two percent offered basic computer programs and less than 50 percent of the libraries provided assistive technologies. Future research should determine if other libraries provide for this diversified age group.
Contaminants affecting the Arctic climate, and the role of the oceans

Abstract We are increasingly impressed with the idea that the climate system must be treated globally, and, by the same token, most contaminants affecting the Arctic and its climate have global origins. This is manifestly true of carbon dioxide and its influence on surface temperature through the greenhouse effect, and of chlorofluorocarbons that affect both the surface temperature and stratospheric ozone. In both of these cases, the response of the Arctic is more dramatic than that in the lower latitudes. Another type of contaminant that affects the Arctic climate in the springtime is the light-absorbing aerosols transported northward from industrial regions. Moreover, the Arctic includes several unique regional climatic feedback mechanisms, such as the effect that a global warming can have on the release of carbon dioxide and methane locked in the tundra and taiga (probably a positive feedback), and the effect of shrinking sea ice and snowcover on the heat balance of the hemisphere (definitely a positive feedback). It has long been recognized that changes in ocean circulations, notably in the North Atlantic and Greenland Sea, can have a dominant effect on regional and global temperatures. All of these effects are unfortunately poorly treated in current climate and ecosystem models, and this introduces an element of uncertainty in predictions of global warming and the fate of contaminants in the Arctic.
The design of co-audit: An experimental testbed system to support research on the next generation of audit technology

Abstract Accounting practitioners responsible for conducting audits of large, decentralized organizations face difficult issues including: (1) the decomposition of the auditing process in a manner conducive to organizations' decentralization strategies in such a way as to meet the level of global audit assurance that is required, (2) allocating audit specialists with appropriate levels of experience and knowledge to organizations' sites, and (3) synthesizing specialists' findings to achieve a global vantage point for rendering a comprehensive opinion. This paper addresses item three by describing the design of and our current progress in implementing CO-AUDIT, an experimental testbed system to enable various research agendas in support of developing the next generation of audit technology. As currently implemented the system provides an environment for investigating the sharability of knowledge and data, variables influencing group decision making, consensus building tools, structured auditing approaches, and communication between accounting practitioners engaged in the process of auditing large, decentralized organizations. In addition to addressing these aspects, CO-AUDIT has been designed to be sufficiently robust to facilitate inclusion of existing auditing-oriented knowledge based system applications. CO-AUDIT can be referred to as an experimental testbed system, developed to serve as a platform for facilitating future audit technology research.
Coupled quantum dots as quantum exclusive-OR gate

Abstract The concepts relevant to quantum cellular automata and quantum computers are studied using a simple model of a quantum exclusive-OR (QXOR) gate device consisting of four coupled quantum dots. The QXOR device can be charged with up toN = 8 electrons. The quantum bits of the device correspond to states of the device in second quantized form. We use exact diagonalization techniques in the configuration space to calculate physical properties of QXOR as a function of the number of electronsNand external perturbations in the form of electric and magnetic fields. This allows us to investigate the switching of the QXOR gate, and its ability to store and transmit information.
Mössbauer study of cytochrome c2 from Rhodospirillum rubrum Sign of the product gxgygz of some low spin ferric heme proteins

We have studied cytochrome c2 from Rhodospirllum rubrum with Mossbauer spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. The Mossbauer data on the ferric protein, taken in external magnetic fields up to 50 kG, were analyzed within the framework of the ligand field model commonly used to evaluate low-spin ferric heme compounds. The data analysis shows that the determinant of the electronic g-tensor, i.e. the product gxgygz, is positive for cytochrome c2. We have reanalyzed published Mossbauer data of some low-spin ferric heme proteins with respect to the sign of the g-tensor determinant. We find that gxgygz is also positive for the cytochromes c, bs, and P-450, and for chloroperoxidase.
Coherent Dense Cores. I. NH3 Observations

In a study of the velocity dispersion of molecular gas in NH3 maps of four dense cores, we find that: (1) within the interiors of dense cores, the line widths are roughly constant at a value slightly but significantly higher than a purely thermal line width; and (2) at the edges of the maps of the dense cores, it appears that the line width starts to increase. We suggest that these dense cores are "coherent" in that the nonthermal, turbulent, contributions to the line width are so small that observed velocity dispersion is nearly independent of scale within the cores. In the second paper of this series (Goodman et al.), by analyzing maps of the cores' environments, we find an apparent transition to this coherent regime from a more turbulent one, at about the size scale of a FWHM NH3 contour, or ~0.1 pc. Analysis of velocity gradients in dense cores and their environs indicates that the cores appear to spin independently of their surroundings, along an axis not obviously related to their shape. Comparison of gradients implied by the relative velocities of high-density cores in complexes and gradients in the extended low-density gas in these complexes suggests a picture in which the coherent cores behave as (independently spinning) test particles, floating along in a turbulent flow. An appendix to this paper presents a new algorithm for predicting the intrinsic width of the 18 hyperfine lines in the NH3 inversion spectrum from a Gaussian fit to the main hyperfine blend and an estimate of the optical depth.
Recession Curve Generation for the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Thermal Protection System Coatings

Ablatable Thermal Protection System (TPS) coatings are used on the Space Shuttle Vehicle Solid Rocket Boosters in order to protect the aluminum structure from experiencing excessive temperatures. The methodology used to characterize the recession of such materials is outlined. Details of the tests, including the facility, test articles and test article processing are also presented. The recession rates are collapsed into an empirical power-law relation. A design curve is defined using a 95-percentile student-t distribution. based on the nominal results. Actual test results are presented for the current acreage TPS material used.
Image models for 2-D flow visualization and compression

Abstract Pattern models for the analysis, visualization, and compression of experimental 2-D flow imagery are developed. These models are based on the 2-D linear phase portrait, and consist of a superposition of flow primitives that are equivalent to the canonical form of phase portraits. The phase portrait is a compact flow descriptor specified by a 2 × 2 A matrix, and it provides for classification into one of six possible patterns based on the matrix eigenvalues. The modeling requires computation of the orientation field, critical point detection, and estimation of the associated phase portraits as preliminary analysis steps. Existing methods to compute the orientation field that are appropriate for highly textured images are employed, but a technique for its computation in weakly textured imagery is included. Critical points are located with a detector that is based on the index (or winding number) of a vector field. A performance analysis of the detector is included. A linear least-squares method of estimating the phase portrait A matrix from the orientation field is presented. Flows are then modeled as a superposition of primitives, where their associated strengths are determined from the orientation field. This modeling works well for flows that exhibit nearly ideal behavior. Finally, the derived models are employed to compress scalar images that exhibit little or gradual variation along the flow streamlines. Compression ratios on the order of 100: 1 are achieved.
Queering the Disaster: A Presidential Session

The 2007 SANA meetings on “Unnatural Disasters” used Hurricane Katrina and its aftermath as the focus of its scheduled sessions, and for scholarly and activist reflection on this theme. As the planning for the conference unfolded, we recognized that a very important component of the Katrina experience, related to our own work in North American anthropology, needed to be part of the conference program. New Orleans is a city with a long-standing queer counter-culture, many of whose participants are black and many of whom were hardest hit by the hurricane and flooding. We organized a session “Queering the Disaster,” designed to document the queer presence in the Katrina experience, and, thereby draw attention to the need to include attention to marginal sexualities in anthropological studies of unnatural disasters
Direct Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy: Outcomes in 307 Consecutive Attempts

Background Clinical utilization of direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (DPEJ) is increasing. However, little data exist regarding important clinical outcomes with DPEJ. Objective To describe the indications, success, and complications of DPEJ in a large cohort of >300 consecutive attempted DPEJ cases at our institution. Methods Institutional databases identified 316 consecutive attempted DPEJ placements between January 1996 and August 2004. The medical records of consenting patients were abstracted for demographics, indication, success, complications, and follow-up. A scheme for classifying complication severity was designed. Results Three hundred and seven attempts at DPEJ were made on 286 patients. Of these, 209 succeeded (68%). The most common indications for DPEJ included resectable distal esophageal cancer, other malignancies causing obstruction, gastroparesis, prior esophageal or gastric resection, and high aspiration risk. Overall, 81 adverse events (AEs) were associated with DPEJ placement or removal in 69 (22.5%) cases. There were 14 serious AEs, 20 moderate AEs, and 47 mild AEs. Serious AEs included 7 bowel perforations, 3 jejunal volvuli, 3 major bleeds, and 1 aspiration. The only death was due to profound jejunal mesenteric bleeding after an unsuccessful trocar pass. Moderate AEs included 9 chronic enterocutaneous fistulae. Many of the 47 mild AEs were site infections requiring oral antibiotics (23) or persistent site pain (14). Conclusions DPEJ was associated with a moderate or severe complication in approximately 10% of cases. While DPEJ is a useful technique to gain enteral access that obviates the need for surgery and is more reliable than percutaneous gastrostomy with jejunal extension, patients and physicians should be aware of the risks involved.
Pattern recognition studies in chemical communication: Nestmate recognition in Camponotus floridanus

Abstract Lavine, B.K., Morel, L., Vander Meer, R.K., Gunderson, R.W., Han, J.H., Bonanno, A. and Stine, A., 1990. Pattern recognition studies in chemical communication: nestmate recognition in Camponotus floridanus . Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems , 9: 107–114. The combination of gas chromatography and pattern recognition (GC/PR) analysis is a powerful tool for investigating complicated biological problems. Clustering, mapping, and principal component modelling are necessary to analyze large chromatographic data sets and to seek meaningful relationships between chemical constitution and biological variables. We have applied GC/PR to the problem of deciphering the complex chemical messages of Camponotus floridanus (a carpenter ant) and have learned that GC traces of soaks obtained from the carpenter ants are characteristic of their colony of origin, social caste, and social experience. In this study gas chromatographic data obtained from 119 red carpenter ants was analyzed using principal component analysis and the FCV clustering algorithm.
Impacts of insect oral secretions on defoliation-induced plant defense

Plant responses to biotic stress involve non-self perception, signaling, and altered defense phenotypes. During attack, defoliating insects deposit gland secretions (GS) and complex foregut derived oral secretions (OS) that include GS and combined products of plant, insect, and microbial interactions. GS-derived and OS-derived biochemicals that trigger defense are termed Herbivore Associated Molecular Patterns (HAMPs) while those that promote susceptibility are termed effectors. These functions are highly context and species specific. The magnitude and direction of plant responses are orchestrated by the interaction of damage, OS/GS components, predicted receptor-ligand interactions, ion fluxes, protein kinase signaling cascades, phytohormone interactions, transcription factor activation, altered translation, and defense biosynthesis. Unlike plant-pathogen recognition, a remaining challenge is the discovery of plant receptors for defoliator-derived HAMPs.