cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Reactions of HNO With Nonheme Proteins: An Emphasis on Thiol-Containing Proteins

Azanone (HNO), also known as nitroxyl, is the one-electron reduced and protonated congener of nitric oxide (NO). HNO possesses important and novel pharmacological properties that are distinct from NO. For example, HNO has positive lusitropic and inotropic effects (without inducing tachycardia) and has emerged as a potential treatment for heart failure as well as ischemia-reperfusion injury. The mechanism(s) by which HNO elicits these effects has not yet been elucidated, but established biochemical targets for HNO include thiols and metalloproteins. In this chapter, the fundamental chemistry of HNO is briefly discussed along with a more in-depth review of the reported interactions of HNO with thiol-containing proteins including aldehyde dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the yeast transcription factor ACE1, the cysteine proteases papain, and cathepsin B as well as several others.
Organization of a Sedation Suite: Setting the Standards

Regulations surrounding the care of patients sedated in remote areas as well as by anesthesia and non-anesthesia trained providers are established by federal, state, local, and institutional guidelines. The guidelines established by the American Society of Anesthesiologists for the minimum setup and equipment for anesthetizing locations outside of the operating room provide a rational framework for setting up and maintaining a sedation suite. Establishing safety standards within the framework of a sedation suite may minimize the incidence of preventable errors during procedural sedation or during the procedure itself performed at remote locations.
Validation and Enhancement of the Clinicopathological Melanoma Nomogram via Incorporation of a Molecular Marker in the Primary Tumor.

BACKGROUND/AIM To validate the melanoma nomogram and improve its function in prediction of nodal dissemination by incorporating a molecular marker in the model. Microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) is an important regulator of melanocyte homeostasis and differentiation. We have shown that the grade of MITF expression in primary melanoma cells can serve as a predictor of nodal status. Many efforts to identify the nodal spread in cutaneous melanoma using non-invasive means have been recently undertaken. A nomogram was developed by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) based on clinicopathological features of the primary melanoma to predict the nodal status. In this study, we applied the same nomogram for external validation. Then, we added MITF as an independent predictive factor, and assessed its impact on the nomogram's accuracy in prediction of the nodal spread. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 171 patients with melanoma with available tumor specimens, and used MITF staining grade of ≥50% as a pathological characteristic of the primary tumor in addition to age, location, thickness, Clark level, and ulceration, as reported by MSKCC. RESULTS Upon comparison of receiver operating curves, we confirmed the external validation of the melanoma nomogram, in accordance with the MSKCC curves [area under the curve (AUC) 0.742 vs. 0.650]. Addition of MITF ≥50% as an independent factor in the analysis improved the model fit significantly (AUC=0.825 vs. 0.742; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION The nomogram described by MSKCC is a valuable tool in predicting sentinel lymph node involvement in primary cutaneous melanoma. Addition of MITF≥50% into the logistic regression analysis significantly improves the accuracy of the melanoma nomogram in prediction of regional nodal spread.
EVALUATION OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) SYSTEMS FOR SMALL SERVICE BUSINESSES

Although several Customer Relationship Management (CRM) evaluation frameworks have been developed in the past years, they are usually complex, oriented toward large organizations and from the firmâ€™s perspective only. This study proposes a CRM evaluation model which is simple for a small business to use and takes into account three different perspectives: the business, the staff and the customer. The need for this model arose when one of the co-authors had to evaluate and select a CRM system suitable for a small business. Also, although the evaluation will be done within the context of a specific business, this model and the multiple perspective approach can be used with minimum modifications as an evaluation and reference tool for other CRM decision-makers in small service businesses.Â Â https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i1.473
Kinetics of Topically Applied Ophthalmic Drugs

The more important aspects of the behavior of drugs in the tear film and after penetration into the eye are described. The kinetics of lipophilic molecules is differentiated from that of hydrophilic. The importance of the lens as a reservoir is suggested.
Il commonwealth veneziano tra 1204 e la fine della repubblica: identità e peculiarità, edited by Gherardo Ortalli

This wide-ranging volume grew out of a conference of the same name held in Venice in March 2013, which aimed at analysing the problem or issue of the Venetian state. That polity has long defied eas...
Using the Content Validity Index to Determine Content Validity of an Instrument Assessing Health Care Providers’ General Knowledge of Human Trafficking

ABSTRACTIt has been estimated that 27 million people worldwide are victims of human trafficking (U.S. Department of State, 2013). As many as 30% to 50% of trafficking victims have come into contact with a health care provider during their time in captivity (Baldwin et al., 2011; Family Violence Prevention Fund, 2005). Health care providers play a pivotal role in recognizing and assisting victims. The purpose of this research was to create a valid instrument that measures U.S. health care providers’ knowledge regarding human trafficking. The Human Trafficking General Knowledge Instrument was created and content validity evaluated by eight experts in the field of human trafficking. An item content validity index was calculated for each item. Item content validity indexes greater than 0.78 were kept and items with a lower content validity index were edited or removed. A second version of the instrument was created and reevaluated by three of the same experts. Item content validity index results were calculat...
The Right to Be Handsome: The Queer Sartorial Objects of “Masculine of Center” Fashion

In the past several years, a flurry of queer fashion blogs and websites, new brands, and small retailers have emerged that feature clothing and accessories described as "masculine of center." Targeted toward butch women, trans men, tomboys, genderqueers, and others who desire masculine fashions for bodies not traditionally recognized as male, this new movement in style and design affirms nonconforming gender presentations that are typically excluded from the bi-gendered fashion world. In this article I focus specifically on the sartorial objects of masculine of center style, arguing that they exert an affective pull on viewers, consumers, and wearers, acting as nodal points through which communities and desires cohere. I approach masculine of center fashion as embodied "queer affectation," highlighting the everyday affective practices of dressing and the entanglements of flesh and fabric in the performative materialization of the gendered, raced, and classed body. While fashion's revolutionary impact is certainly circumscribed by the neoliberal commodification of identities, I suggest that the queer lines of attachment enabled by masculine of center fashion are never fully predicted by capitalism's agenda, and thus allow a glimpse of a queerer world organized around the embodied pleasures of and for the aesthetic.
Encouraging the Next Generation of Farmers

First paragraphs:Last summer, I was viewing one of the early morning agriculture news TV programs. One of the commentators stated that he is routinely asked for advice he has for young farmers. His advice: find a specialized market, such as organic, and sell direct-to-consumer. Interesting advice on a program intended for large commodity farms.The book Letters to a Young Farmer: On Food, Farming, and Our Future presumes that its intended audience has already made the decision to sell direct-to-consumer. Many beginning farmers have. We’ve all seen the increase in small farms in the U.S. over the past several years. Now it’s official. As reported in The Washington Post, the most recent Census of Agriculture found an increase in the number of farmers under 35 years old (Dewey, 2017). Many of these young farmers are new to farming, did not grow up on a farm, and are work­ing small, diversified farms using organic methods....
Market Research Matters: Tools and Techniques for Aligning Your Business

(2002). Market Research Matters: Tools and Techniques for Aligning Your Business. Quality Management Journal: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 92-94.
Temporary inhibition of the plasminogen activator inhibits periosteal chondrogenesis and promotes periosteal osteogenesis during appendicular bone fracture healing.

Abstract Introduction Aminocaproic acid is approved as an anti-fibrinolytic for use in joint replacement and spinal fusion surgeries to limit perioperative blood loss. Previous animal studies have demonstrated a pro-osteogenic effect of aminocaproic acid in spine fusion models. Here, we tested if aminocaproic acid enhances appendicular bone healing and we sought to uncover the effect of aminocaproic acid on osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) during bone regeneration. Methods We employed a well-established murine femur fracture model in adult C57BL/6J mice after receiving two peri-operative injections of aminocaproic acid. Routine histological assays, biomechanical testing and micro-CT analyses were utilized to assess callus volume, and strength, progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and remodeling in vivo. Two disparate ectopic transplantation models were used to study the effect of the growth factor milieu within the early fracture hematoma on osteoprogenitor cell fate decisions. Results Aminocaproic acid treated femur fractures healed with a significantly smaller cartilaginous callus, and this effect was also observed in the ectopic transplantation assays. We hypothesized that aminocaproic acid treatment resulted in a stabilization of the early fracture hematoma, leading to a change in the growth factor milieu created by the early hematoma. Gene and protein expression analysis confirmed that aminocaproic acid treatment resulted in an increase in Wnt and BMP signaling and a decrease in TGF-β-signaling, resulting in a shift from chondrogenic to osteogenic differentiation in this model of endochondral bone formation. Conclusion These experiments demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of the plasminogen activator during fracture healing using aminocaproic acid leads to a change in cell fate decision of periosteal osteoprogenitor cells, with a predominance of osteogenic differentiation, resulting in a larger and stronger bony callus. These findings may offer a promising new use of aminocaproic acid, which is already FDA-approved and offers a very safe risk profile.
Providing Mental Health Services in the Primary Care Setting: the Experiences and Perceptions of General Practitioners at a New York City Clinic

Mental illness is a significant cause of disability worldwide, including here in the United States. Given the shortage of trained mental health professionals, a significant portion of patients needing care are managed in the primary care setting. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), for example, are seeking to improve the quality of care for this vulnerable population, but many are facing significant challenges relating to integration of new services. We sought to elucidate barriers faced by primary care practitioners (PCPs)—physicians, physician trainees and nurse practitioners—at a New York primary care clinic, which impede delivery of optimal care to those suffering from mental illness. The study was conducted with 32 PCPs in 2016–2017 at Mount Sinai Internal Medicine Associates in New York City. For the quantitative component of the study, a 54-item questionnaire was devised to assess their attitude, behavior and confidence in managing psychiatric patients. For the qualitative component, data was obtained from 3 open-ended questions. Responses were coded for salient themes. Analysis revealed a range of difficulties faced by PCPs. Overall, participants felt that the need to integrate mental health care into primary care was important, however they reported significant barriers in terms of lack of time, lack of resources, low confidence in treating more complex mental health conditions and difficulties with referring patient to mental health specialists. Despite a growing body of evidence that integration of mental health services in primary care leads to improved outcomes, addressing barriers to care will be key to ensuring feasibility of integration measures.
Development of Freeway and Interchange Safety Performance Functions with Respect to Roadway Lighting: A Pilot Study

The absence of roadway lighting during the night results in a disproportionally large number of traffic crashes and fatalities. Past research on safety effects of roadway lighting involved mostly qualitative studies and focused on intersections and rural roads rather than freeways and interchanges. However, it is desirable to quantify the safety benefits of lighting for cost–benefit analysis and eventual decision making on lighting installations. This paper aims to develop nighttime crash prediction models for roadway lighting in the form of safety performance functions (SPFs). A pilot study on all freeways and expressways in the jurisdiction of Dane County, Wisconsin, was conducted. The crash data collection covered five years’ nighttime crashes on all freeways, expressways, and interchanges in Dane County. Nighttime crashes were identified and light-pole data were collected along with traffic and geometry data. On the basis of the data, six SPFs were developed for freeway segments and interchange ramps ...
Clinical Pharmacology of Antitubercular Drugs

Isoniazid, rifampin, and ethambutol are the three major drugs used in the modern treatment of patients with tuberculosis. Data on these drugs in children have been derived primarily from their clinical use in pediatrics and extrapolation from experiences in adults. A number of questions remain concerning the clinical pharmacology and appropriate use of these drugs in children. Additional pediatric pharmacokinetic studies are necessary to confirm the current dosage recommendation and use of these agents in the pediatric patient.
Principles of Modern Communication Systems

Written specifically for a one-semester course, this textbook introduces the physical and engineering principles of communication systems using an accessible, yet mathematically rigorous, approach. Beginning with valuable background material on signals and systems, and random processes, the text then guides students through the core topics, including amplitude modulation, pulse modulation, and noise. Key terms and formulae are highlighted throughout to help students identify essential points easily. Worked examples, practice problems, and review questions reinforce concepts and enable students to develop confidence in solving problems on their own. To help visualize the concepts discussed, MATLAB-based exercises and examples are provided throughout, supported by an introductory appendix for students who are new to MATLAB. Each chapter ends with a practical applications section, showing students how concepts are used in real-life communication scenarios and devices. Figures from the book and a solutions manual, password-protected for instructors, are available online.
Role of compatibilizer in 3D printing of polymer blends

Abstract For additive manufacturing interfacial adhesion (bead-bead) remains an important issue affecting uniformity of mechanical properties. The present work examined the role a compatibilizer would play when used in fused filament fabrication (FFF) printing. Poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) (SMA) compatiblizer was mixed in varying compositions in blends of polyamide/poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (PA/ABS) to improve interfacial adhesion. Both small and large-scale 3-D component properties were examined. The mechanical property anisotropy ratio, an indication of bead-bead adhesive strength (defined as a property measured along the z axis versus the x axis) is representative of adhesive strength. Large-scale (big area additive manufacturing, BAAM) tests (flexural properties) showed 62% improvement in the anisotropy ratio for modulus, 77% improvement in the anisotropy ratio of the strength, 56% improvement in the anisotropy ratio of elongation at break, and 55% improvement of the anisotropy ratio of the Charpy impact strength over the control PA values. Thus, use of compatibilized polymer blends can provide customized materials without the need for new chemistry. Addition of maleic anhydride-compatibilized ABS improved PA blend bead-bead adhesion.
Real Taxes on Virtual Currencies: What Does the IRS Say?

This paper discusses the recent Internal Revenue Service (Service) guidelines on tax reporting for virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin, and argues that the Service should define convertible virtual currencies more narrowly to remove pure game experiences from the regulation. The author suggests that a more sensible definition can be developed based on the Government Accountability Office’s proposed classification of virtual currency systems. The three criteria that should be used to distinguish various types of virtual currency systems are: (1) virtual currency can be used to purchase both virtual and real goods and services, (2) virtual currency is freely exchangeable to U.S. dollars, and (3) trading virtual currency for real currency is expressly authorized by end user license agreements. The third criterion provides an easily administrable solution to distinguish pure game currencies from hybrid and open-flow currencies. Virtual currencies with express prohibition on exchanges to real currencies and ability to pay for only in-game goods and services should be classified as closed-flow. Currencies on the other end of the spectrum that do not have any restrictions on exchange to real currencies and can be used to pay directly for real world goods and services should be classified as open-flow. Bitcoin is a good example of an open-flow currency. Hybrid currencies are those that do not have legal restrictions on exchanges to real currencies, but are not yet accepted as payment for real goods and services.In contrast to the proposed in Notice 2014-21 uniform treatment of all convertible virtual currencies as property, the author suggests that virtual currencies in open-flow systems such as Bitcoin should be treated as foreign currency, those in hybrid systems such as Second Life or other game worlds permitting real money transactions should be treated as property, and the Service should decline to tax transactions in closed-flow systems such as World of Warcraft. The proposed options for tax treatment of different types of virtual currency systems deal with issues of equity and efficiency both for taxpayers and the Service. Taxpayers get to benefit from the proposed simplified procedures for handling hybrid and open-flow transactions while taking into consideration ability to pay and possibility of tax evasion arguments.
Intrinsic current overshoot during thermal-runaway threshold switching events in TaOx devices

The response of a TiN/TaOx/TiN S-type threshold switching device to a rectangular source voltage pulse was simulated using an electrothermal finite element model. At the start of the pulse, the current density within the device was uniform. As the device transitioned to the steady state, the current followed the load line of the series resistor and the current density became increasingly more constricted. Unexpectedly, the temperature and current density evolution was not monotonic. At low values of the load resistor, the current density constricted more during the transition than at the steady state. The temperature at the point of maximum constriction can exceed the steady state temperature by 100 °C if the time of the threshold switching event is shorter than the thermal time constant of the device. The magnitude of the overshoot decreases with decreasing device size. The reported effect can have a significant impact on the reliability of threshold switches and the electroformation of memory devices.The response of a TiN/TaOx/TiN S-type threshold switching device to a rectangular source voltage pulse was simulated using an electrothermal finite element model. At the start of the pulse, the current density within the device was uniform. As the device transitioned to the steady state, the current followed the load line of the series resistor and the current density became increasingly more constricted. Unexpectedly, the temperature and current density evolution was not monotonic. At low values of the load resistor, the current density constricted more during the transition than at the steady state. The temperature at the point of maximum constriction can exceed the steady state temperature by 100 °C if the time of the threshold switching event is shorter than the thermal time constant of the device. The magnitude of the overshoot decreases with decreasing device size. The reported effect can have a significant impact on the reliability of threshold switches and the electroformation of memory devices.
Hiring and Acquiring: The Role of New CEO Origin and Learning in Post-acquisition Performance

Extant research suggests that relative to inside CEOs, outside CEOs are more likely to initiate strategic changes, yet extant theorizing also suggests that outsiders may be less equipped to do so d...
Prognostic Implications of Atrial Fibrillation on Patients Admitted with Acute Decopensated Heart Failure and Acute Kidney Injury

Introduction Patients with acute heart failure (AHF) & acute kidney injury (AKI) have increased hospital mortality and readmissions. The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) in these patients has not been well studied. We examined the hypothesis that the presence of AF in patients with AHF and AKI will further increase mortality and rates of readmission. Methods Medical records of patients who were admitted with AHF and AKI between 2008 and 2010 (n=244) were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with AHF and AKI with presence of AF (N= 66), and absence of AF (N=178). Presence of AF was confirmed using electrocardiogram on admission. AKI was defined as a rise of serum creatinine > 0.3 mg/dL above their baseline. Results We studied 244 patients with AHF and AKI (121 male and 123 female) with a mean age of 64.12 ±16.4; 27 % of patients had AF on admission. The 30 days in-hospital mortality, 90-days readmission and length of hospital stay were significantly higher in patients with AF compared to patients without AF (Table 1). In the multivariate logistic regression model the only independent predictors of mortality were left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio 0.963; 95 % CI 0.930 to 0.997; P = 0.032) and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (odds ratio 0.225; 95 % CI 0.066 to 0.763; P = 0.017). Conclusions The presence of AF in patients with AHF and AKI is associated with increased mortality, readmission rates and length of hospital stay. Higher LVEF and the use of ACE inhibitors predicted better survival.
Dynamic consistency in the logic of decision

Arif Ahmed has recently argued that causal decision theory is dynamically inconsistent and that we should therefore prefer evidential decision theory. However, the principal formulation of the evidential theory, Richard Jeffrey’s Logic of Decision, has a mixed record of its own when it comes to evaluating plans consistently across time. This note probes that neglected record, establishing the dynamic consistency of evidential decision theory within a restricted class of problems but then illustrating how evidentialists can fall into sequential incoherence outside of this class. Uncovering the evidentialist’s own dynamic inconsistencies reveals, contra Ahmed, that sequential choice considerations do not significantly favor the evidentialist’s theory over the causalist’s.
Mu Transposition in the Absence of the Target-capture Protein MuB Reveals New Roles of MuB in Target Immunity and Target Selection, and Redraws the Boundaries of the Insular Ter Region of E. coli

The target capture protein MuB is responsible for the high efficiency of phage Mu transposition within the E. coli genome. However, some targets are off-limits, such as regions immediately outside the Mu ends (cis-immunity) as well as the entire ~37 kb genome of Mu (Mu genome immunity). Paradoxically, MuB is responsible for cis-immunity and is also implicated in Mu genome immunity, but via different mechanisms. In this study, we tracked Mu transposition from six different starting locations on the E. coli genome, in the presence and absence of MuB. The data reveal that the ability of Mu to sample the entire genome during a single hop in a clonal population is independent of MuB, and that MuB is responsible for cis-immunity, plays a lesser role in Mu genome immunity, and facilitates insertions into transcriptionally active regions. Unexpectedly, transposition patterns in the absence of MuB have helped extend the boundaries of the insular Ter segment of the E. coli genome.
Closed-Loop Software Architecture for Spacecraft Optical Navigation and Control Development

A software architecture is discussed to develop, run, and test novel autonomous visual spacecraft navigation and control methods in a realistic simulation. This architecture harnesses two main components: a high-fidelity, faster-than-real-time, astrodynamics simulation framework; and a sister software package to dynamically visualize the simulation environment. Maneuvers such as fly-bys and orbit insertions occur over short periods of time and must occur autonomously. Yet, there are no open-source software packages that provide fully coupled spacecraft environments and Flight Software (FSW) enabling Optical Navigation (OpNav) mission scenarios. The presented tool consists of the Basilisk∗ astrodynamics framework interfacing with a Unity-based visualization Vizard that provides a synthetic image stream of a camera sensor. This modular and extensible setup allows optical guidance, navigation and control (GNC) algorithms to be run in a closed-loop format purely in software. The optical measurements are generated in the visualization and passed to the simulation, allowing for real-time control and decision making. This Vizard software has the ability to import shape-models, planet maps, and move into an instrument point-of-view. Paired with open-source image processing libraries, these combined components provide all the necessary pieces to fully simulate autonomous, closed-loop, OpNav scenarios in a faster-than-real-time configuration. This allows for progress in the autonomy sector, as full-fledged FSW can be tested in a real flight environment. Furthermore, this enables more realistic and extensive testing of the software, which in turn increases reliability of the GNC methods as they are refined. This paper presents the Basilisk and Vizard interface architecture, its performance, and develops a example scenario. The image processing methods are displayed and the visualization scenes are validated for pointing purposes, which in turns allows to develop an autonomous pointing algorithm developed in this software environment.
P127 A Statewide Survey of SNAP Participants: Barriers to Achieving a Healthy Diet

Background Per the SNAP-Ed Guidance, states are required to demonstrate knowledge of the needs of the target population and barriers to accessing healthy foods and physical activity. To help ensure that Nevada's SNAP-Ed plans meet these criteria, a comprehensive needs assessment was conducted in 3 phases from 2016 to 2019. The third and final phase involved a statewide survey of SNAP households. Objective To measure the opinions of SNAP participants regarding nutrition, food security, and physical activity needs; barriers to making behavioral changes; and preferences for information and assistance. Study Design, Setting, Participants A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted among a stratified random sample of Nevada's SNAP participants (n = 1,014). Participants had the option of completing the survey online (42%) or by telephone (58%); and in English (93%) or Spanish (7%). Measurable Outcome/Analysis Each participant was assigned a weight to ensure that estimates reflected key characteristics of Nevada's SNAP population. Descriptive and inferential statistics were computed using SAS; alpha Results Respondents overwhelmingly agreed (92%) that choosing healthy foods and drinks was important to them. The most common barriers to achieving a healthy diet were cost (52%), the convenience of unhealthy foods (35%), concerns that healthy foods spoil too quickly (32%), peer norms (22%), difficulty in getting to a store that sells healthy options (21%), and time (20%). Regression analysis results revealed that having less than a high school education and living alone were related to a greater number of barriers. Conclusions Needs assessment results indicate that SNAP participants are interested in choosing healthy foods and drinks but are confronted with barriers. Some of these barriers may be better addressed with direct education, while others through the use of policy, system, and environmental (PSE) approaches. Program development should consider the unique needs of participants living alone and those with limited education.
Soil water dynamics under a warm-season cover crop mixture in continuous wheat

Abstract Cover crop technology can potentially benefit monoculture wheat systems in the semi-arid US Southern Great Plains, but the biggest hurdle in such regions where evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation is soil water. Cover crop impact on soil water use and availability is a major cause for concern in water-limited environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of cover crops, grazing, and intercrops on soil water dynamics under rainfed conditions. Seven treatments were evaluated, including conventional tillage (CT) and combinations of no-tillage (NT) with a cover crop mixture, grazed cover crops, and/or cash crop intercropping. The three-year study was conducted on a long-term NT continuous wheat system in the Texas Rolling Plains. Despite dry periods, the cover crop mixture produced 2141 to 3503 kg ha−1 dry herbage mass. Stored soil water was significantly lower within 60 days after planting for cover crop compared to no cover crop treatments. Stored soil water was 22–26% lower in cover crop plots at time of termination. In the final two years of the study, the positive change in stored soil water from cover crop termination to wheat planting was two to four times greater for cover crop treatments compared to non-cover crop treatments. The greater infiltration and water capture after termination has the potential to make up for the loss in soil water that cover crops used.
Huntings of the Hare: The Medieval and Early Modern Poetry of Imperiled Animals

A fifteenth-century poem, “By a forest as I gan fare”, voices the lament of a hunted hare: “there is no hunted beast”, it complains, “that suffers half so much pain as does the innocent hare”. Almost point by point, the poem contradicts systematic medieval presentations of human/animal difference: the hare has an articulate, meaningful voice, it has direct ethical considerability, and it calls out for our sympathy not on the basis of reason or an immortal soul but on the basis of a vulnerability shared by all mortal life. Through analysis of this poem, my chapter describes key elements of mainstream medieval thought on the moral distinction between humans and nonhuman animals. It also explores challenges to this thought in work like this, whose animal voices slip free of the neat systems of philosophy and religious doctrine. It does so by identifying an understudied literary form, crucial to animal studies: the animal complaint. Along with “By a Forest as I gan Fare”, I will treat a thirteenth-century Latin poem from the Carmina Burana, the “Lament of the Roast Swan”; one of Robert Henryson’s fifteenth-century Middle Scots fables, in which a human overhears a swallow’s vain, desperate efforts to warn its fellow birds to avoid a hunter’s trap; to bridge the medieval and early modern periods, I will also consider a sixteenth-century complaint by the birds against Martin Luther; and finally Margaret Cavendish’s seventeenth-century “Hunting of the Hare”. I show how this material illustrates how much modern thought continues to replicate humanist presumptions cemented long ago by medieval doctrine, while also demonstrating the strange affinities of parodic lament with the rarer, sincere varieties: for even an insincere lament might activate unfamiliar, otherwise acknowledgeable sympathies.
Gravitational-Wave Astronomy in the 2020s and Beyond: A view across the gravitational wave spectrum

One of the most notable developments since the 2010 Decadal Survey is the addition of gravitationalwaves (GW) to the astronomers' suite of tools for understanding the Universe. LIGO's2015 detection of gravitational waves (Abbott et al. 2016) from the merger of a pair of black holesroughly 30 times the mass of our Sun garnered tremendous excitement from both the public andthe scientific community and raised interesting questions as to the origin of such systems. To datea total of 11 confirmed detections have been announced, including the first GW signals from themerger of neutron stars in 2017 seen by LIGO and Virgo (Abbott et al. 2017). That event wasassociated with a gamma ray burst; the subsequent kilonovae and afterglow was perhaps the mostthoroughly-observed astronomical event of all time (Abbott et al. 2017b). In the coming decades,with continued investment, the ground-based network will continue to improve in both the numberand sensitivity of detectors at high frequencies, pulsar timing arrays such as NANOGrav willuncover stochastic sources of gravitational waves and then single sources at low frequencies, andLISA will begin to probe the mid-frequency band from space. In this white paper, we presenta broad outline of the scientific impact of these facilities in the coming decade and the 2030s,emphasizing the ways in which
Who we are impacts how we lead: Social class influence on leader identity, capacity, and efficacy

In this chapter, the authors offer constructs for understanding the broad nature of social class and how social class identity can, and does, influence leadership identity, capacity, and efficacy. Utilizing the social class worldview model in combination with cultural mismatch theory, the authors position culturally relevant leadership learning as essential to reduce classism and advance class equity in leadership learning, development, and practice.
Molecular rareza: reading science in literature with Rosa Chacel's Memorias de Leticia Valle

This article has two aims: to argue for use of the Spanish term rareza as a critical concept, and to explore the relation between popular scientific discourse and gendered ways of being and feeling...
Quantitative Exchange NMR-Based Analysis of Huntingtin-SH3 Interactions Suggests an Allosteric Mechanism of Inhibition of Huntingtin Aggregation.

Huntingtin polypeptides (httex1), encoded by exon 1 of the htt gene and containing an expanded polyglutamine tract, form fibrils that accumulate within neuronal inclusion bodies, resulting in the fatal neurodegenerative condition known as Huntington's disease. Httex1 comprises three regions: a 16-residue N-terminal amphiphilic domain (NT), a polyglutamine tract of variable length (Qn), and a polyproline-rich domain containing two polyproline tracts. The NT region of httex1 undergoes prenucleation transient oligomerization on the sub-millisecond time scale, resulting in a productive tetramer that promotes self-association and nucleation of the polyglutamine tracts. Here we show that binding of Fyn SH3, a small intracellular proline-binding domain, to the first polyproline tract of httex1Q35 inhibits fibril formation by both NMR and a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. The interaction of Fyn SH3 with httex1Q7 was investigated using NMR experiments designed to probe kinetics and equilibria at atomic resolution, including relaxation dispersion, and concentration-dependent exchange-induced chemical shifts and transverse relaxation in the rotating frame. Sub-millisecond exchange between four species is demonstrated: two major states comprising free (P) and SH3-bound (PL) monomeric httex1Q7, and two sparsely populated dimers in which either both subunits (P2L2) or only a single subunit (P2L) is bound to SH3. Binding of SH3 increases the helical propensity of the NT domain, resulting in a 25-fold stabilization of the P2L2 dimer relative to the unliganded P2 dimer. The P2L2 dimer, in contrast to P2, does not undergo any detectable oligomerization to a tetramer, thereby explaining the allosteric inhibition of httex1 fibril formation by Fyn SH3.
Drosophila E93 promotes adult development and suppresses larval responses to ecdysone during metamorphosis.

Abstract Pulses of the steroid hormone ecdysone act through transcriptional cascades to direct the major developmental transitions during the Drosophila life cycle. These include the prepupal ecdysone pulse, which occurs 10 ​hours after pupariation and triggers the onset of adult morphogenesis and larval tissue destruction. E93 encodes a transcription factor that is specifically induced by the prepupal pulse of ecdysone, supporting a model proposed by earlier work that it specifies the onset of adult development. Although a number of studies have addressed these functions for E93, little is known about its roles in the salivary gland where the E93 locus was originally identified. Here we show that E93 is required for development through late pupal stages, with mutants displaying defects in adult differentiation and no detectable effect on the destruction of larval salivary glands. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that E93 regulates genes involved in development and morphogenesis in the salivary glands, but has little effect on cell death gene expression. We also show that E93 is required to direct the proper timing of ecdysone-regulated gene expression in salivary glands, and that it suppresses earlier transcriptional programs that occur during larval and prepupal stages. These studies support the model that the stage-specific induction of E93 in late prepupae provides a critical signal that defines the end of larval development and the onset of adult differentiation.
Textiles from the seventeenth-century privy at the Cross Street Back Lot site

A variety of textiles came from the excavation of a 17th-century privy behind the Nanny House site on Cross Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The largest group of fragments is silk fabrics and ribbons, valuable since cloths of this fine fiber have not survived in other 17th-century New England archaeological sites. Comparison of the fine wool textiles from Boston with coarse wool fabrics used by the Mashantucket Pequot Indians in Connecticut and Narragansett Indians in Rhode Island reveal distinct differences in quality. Fabrics made from a combination of silk and wool, cotton, or linen show the variety of mixtures that were available for those who could afford them. Negative pseudomorphs of cotton and bast fibers preserved evidence of cellulosic products in a mineralized form previously unreported in New England. The family that lived at this site used high quality fabrics with expensive weaves, mixtures, and fancy trims representing fashionable 17th-century dress.
On Call 24/7—The Emerging Roles of Service and Support Animals

Emerging theories and applications in the field of human–animal interactions are redefining the roles of animals in modern society, and calls specifically for a reexamination of assistance animals' uses, terminology, training methodologies and guidelines, and formal designations. This chapter explores the categorical expansion of assistance animals helping not just persons with physical disabilities, but the increasing use of animals to assist with psychiatric disabilities and as emotional support companions. Of particular concern to the authors of this chapter are ethical and welfare considerations for this new generation of working animals, current models of service animal development and training, the unique demands on animals paired with patients with serious mental health concerns, and clear parameters to help readers differentiate between types of assistance animals and their respective legal standing.
An investigation into plastic deformation of irradiated tungsten microstructure at elevated temperatures using the Anand's viscoplastic model

Abstract Tensile deformation of a tungsten (W) microstructure is examined at elevated temperatures and at varying levels of irradiation. The computational framework used in this study is based on the finite element (FE) method using the Anand viscoplastic model. In order to account for viscoplasticity at high temperatures, the relevant material parameters of the Anand viscoplastic model have been determined through uniaxial tests upon W samples containing a high level of neutron irradiation. Analyses show that the effect of thermal softening decreases with increase in irradiation dose. In addition, a sigmoidal dependence of irradiation dose on the yield strength of W microstructures is observed. The FE analyses also suggest that the yield strength of W is directly correlated with temperature and irradiation dose. Based on the simulation results, an empirical relation for predicting the yield strength of W is proposed based upon the temperature and irradiation dose. The developed relation is found to predict the yield strength of W well over a wide range of temperatures and irradiation doses.
Performance of Graphites and Tungsten during Exposure to Pulsed Plasmas

AbstractHeat fluences of 1–10 MJ/m2 and greater over 0.1–1 msec pulse durations are expected on the surfaces of plasma-facing components in large tokamaks during a plasma disruption. The formed vapor plasma (the boundary layer) absorbs a large fraction of the incident energy, and thus acts as a self protecting layer (vapor shield). Carbon materials (pyrolytic graphite and other graphite grades)) are used as plasma-facing components, and tungsten and refractory materials are potential candidates. The experimental test facility SIRENS has been used to expose carbon and tungsten materials to heat fluences between 0.2 and 6 MJ/m2 for 100 µs duration to characterize the performance of such materials under typical heat loading conditions.
Dynamic adaptive techniques for learning application delay tolerance for mobile data offloading

Today's worldwide mobile data traffic is roughly 18× larger than the full internet traffic in 2000, and continued large growth is expected. High mobile data usage has implications both for users and providers. For individual users, relying on cellular data connectivity incurs high cellular data fees. For cellular network providers, high mobile data usage requires expensive, ongoing infrastructure upgrades. Cellular data usage can be reduced by offloading to WiFi when available. If not available, prior work has considered delaying transmissions to wait for WiFi availability. While exploiting such application delay tolerance offers significant energy and performance leverage for data offloading and other techniques, a key question is: how long to wait? Prior work does not discuss how to estimate application delay tolerance without explicit help from programmers, nor how to adjust the estimate dynamically. This work proposes, implements, and evaluates four schemes to dynamically and adaptively deduce an application's delay tolerance. These schemes (Adaptive, Decision Tree-Based, Hybrid and Lazy) are low-overhead and effective. In our experiments, they cut cellular usage by 2× or more compared to non-delay-tolerant approaches. Furthermore, our dynamically adaptive decision schemes achieve up to 15% further cellular data reduction compared to fixed static delay tolerance values.
Methylation artifacts in the gas chromatography of serum extracts. Competitive suppression with trimethyl-d9 anilinium hydroxide.

Abstract In the course of the identification of drugs in body fluids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we have observed the appearance of N-methyl derivatives of certain compounds such as phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin, especially in extracts of serum. With the aid of deuterium labelled phenobarbital it could, however, be shown that the N-methyl derivatives are not endogenous metabolites but artifacts generated upon injection of the serum extract into the gas chromatograph. Conversely, derivatization with trimethyl-d 9 anilinium hydroxide (TMAH-d 9 demonstrated the absence of any undeuterated methyl derivative and this reagent should be useful for the detection of endogenous N-methyl derivative which would, of course, remain undetected when using unlabelled TMAH in the course of the conventional methylation technique. There are good indications that lecithin is the methylating agent in serum responsible for the formation of these artifacts.
An empirical study of climatic controls on riverine C export from three major U.S. watersheds

[1] The correlations between annual precipitation, evaporation, temperature, and annual carbon export (bicarbonate, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon) are established for the Ohio, upper Mississippi, and Missouri watersheds and coefficients that predict C export on the basis of precipitation, evapotranspiration, and seasonal temperature are provided. Interannual variation in carbon export is controlled by the level of precipitation and evapotranspiration, the discharge to precipitation ratio (D:P), the concentration of the major carbon pool, the rating curve (discharge versus carbon concentration plots), and seasonal temperature. Within a watershed, precipitation has the strongest correlation with annual carbon export for all carbon pools. In the upper Mississippi and Ohio, levels of evapotranspiration can predict the majority of the residuals of precipitation versus carbon export. Bicarbonate demonstrates the largest response in yield to annual precipitation variation for each watershed. Rating curves, however, indicate that dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon generally increase with increasing discharge, while bicarbonate decreases, causing a larger percentage response to precipitation for the organic carbon pools. Across watersheds the discharge to precipitation (D:P) ratio is the dominant determinant of how carbon yields respond to changes in precipitation, and watersheds with a high D:P ratio should demonstrate large changes in carbon yields with forecasted changes to precipitation.