cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ECS-produced retrograde amnesia of conditioned inhibition of respiration in cataleptic goldfish☆

Abstract An immediate postsession electroconvulsive shock (ESC) can produce amnesia of a classically conditioned respiratory suppression response. The amnesia develops within an hour and persists for more than three days. ECS administered 24 hr following conditioning does not impair memory. The results are discussed in relation to the memory consolidation model of retrograde amnesia and to previously reported effects of ECS on retention of active shock avoidance in goldfish.
The RSC nucleosome-remodeling complex is required for Cohesin's association with chromosome arms

The fidelity of chromosome segregation requires that the cohesin protein complex bind together newly replicated sister chromatids both at centromeres and at discrete sites along chromosome arms. Segregation of the yeast 2 micro plasmid also requires cohesin, which is recruited to the plasmid partitioning locus. Here we report that the RSC chromatin-remodeling complex regulates the differential association of cohesin with centromeres and chromosome arms. RSC cycles on and off chromosomal arm and plasmid cohesin binding sites in a cell cycle-regulated manner 15 min preceding Mcd1p, the central cohesin subunit. We show that in rsc mutants Mcd1p fails to associate with chromosome arms but still binds to centromeres, and that consequently, the arm regions of mitotic sister chromosomes separate precociously while cohesion at centromeres is unaffected. Our data suggest a role for RSC in facilitating the loading of cohesin specifically onto chromosome arms, thereby ensuring sister chromatid cohesion and proper chromosome segregation.
Left Ventricular Dysfunction Following Neonatal Pulmonary Valve Balloon Dilation for Pulmonary Atresia or Critical Pulmonary Stenosis.

Pulmonary valve (PV) balloon dilation (BD) is the primary therapy for infants born with critical pulmonary stenosis (PS) or membranous pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). We observed left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in patients following BD and sought to determine its incidence, clinical course and associated risk factors. Clinical, echocardiographic and catheterization data for all patients who underwent neonatal (<2 weeks age) PV BD for critical PS or PAIVS between January 2000 and February 2014 were retrospectively analyzed (n = 129). Post-procedure LV dysfunction was defined as ejection fraction (EF) <54 %. Median age at PV BD was 1 day. Most (71 %) patients had critical PS. Median PV diameter pre-BD was 6.0 mm with PV z-scores −4.1 to 0.9, median LV EF pre-BD was 58 %. Post-BD LV dysfunction developed in 45 patients (35 %); 15 patients had LV EF ≤40 %. Median time to normalization of LV EF was 10 days (range 2–72). In univariate analysis, diagnosis (critical PS or PAIVS), right ventricle to LV pressure ratio pre-BD, acute procedural complication and post-BD inotropic support were not associated with post-BD LV dysfunction. In multivariable analysis, the predictors of post-procedure LV dysfunction were lower PV z-score (OR 1.81, p 0.04), tricuspid regurgitation pre-BD ≥ moderate (OR 3.73, p 0.008) and larger right ventricular apical area (OR 1.99, p 0.04). LV dysfunction post-neonatal PV BD develops in a significant number of patients (35 %) and can be severe, but resolves. The risk of developing LV dysfunction post-PV BD is highest in patients with larger right ventricles.
Features of glacial valley profiles simply explained

[1] Glacial occupation of alpine valleys results in a distinct signature in the long-valley profile, including steepening of the profile in the headwaters, flattening at lower elevations, and a step in the profile at the convergence of headwater tributaries. We present analytic results for glacial erosion patterns by making the following assumptions: (1) the initial profile is linear, (2) the width of the valley is uniform, (3) the annual mass balance varies linearly with elevation, (4) the glacier at any time is quasi-steady, (5) the erosion rate is proportional to ice discharge per unit valley width, and (6) glacial erosion rates far exceed fluvial erosion rates. A steady glacier under these conditions would erode a parabolic divot in the longitudinal valley profile, with its maximum depth coinciding with the down-valley position of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA). The calculated flattening of the valley floor down valley of the ELA and the steepening of it up valley captures the essence of the glacial signature. When a reasonable probability distribution of ELAs is allowed, the predicted erosion peaks at 30-40% of the down-valley distance to the glacial limit, and the pattern merges smoothly with the steeper fluvial profile downstream of the glacial limit. Profiles of mass balance that are capped at a maximum value produce shorter glaciers and a slight asymmetry in the expected erosion pattern. Only when we mimic the tributaries of glacial headwaters by specifying a valley width distribution do we obtain the upper step observed in many valley profiles.
Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetases from Cell-Free Extract of Plasmodium berghei

Aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases for leucine tyrosine, histidine, valine, proline, threonine, and lysine were obtainnned from cell-free extract of Plasmodium berghei. The leucyl-tRNA synthetase cane charge tRNA from liver or Escherichia coli with leucine-c(14), liver tRNA being a better substrate. The amount of aminoacylation increses linerly with respect to the quantity of tRNA added from either source and is dependent on the amount of enzyme added. The rate of aminoacylation is constant for 10 minutes and then decreases. It is enhanced by polyvinylsulfate. One-tenth millimoler pyrimethamine, hydroxystilbamidine, quinacrine, and acriflavine inhibited the formation of C(14)-valyl-tRNA. Species specificity between tRNA and its charging enzyme with respect to the recognition site is discussed.
Parenting the prematurely born child: pathways of influence.

Recognizing the importance of parents in the lives of preterm infants, investigators and clinicans have increasingly focused on the needs of parents during the period when their infant is hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit and the impact of this experience on their subsequent parenting. The purpose of this report is to summarize research findings from over two decades of research, present a framework for understanding the various influences on parents of prematurely-born children, and suggest clinical interventions that are important in helping parents both in the hospital and after discharge.
The Dialogic Rhetoric of the Supreme Court: An Interdisciplinary Analysis

A lawyer and a rhetorician pose and endeavor to answer from two perspectives the following question: How has the United States Supreme Court managed to endure and to maintain legitimacy for over two hundred years, given the potentially destabilizing cases it has had to decide? In this exploratory, interdisciplinary essay, the lawyer first examines the way the Court has been grounded, historically, in a common-law tradition and how its reliance on stare decisis seems to be amenable to most Americans. The rhetorician continues the exploration by linking the Court's common-law practice to issues of interpretive power, ethos, dialogism, and pragmatic philosophy and practice.
Manufacturing Modeling of Three-Dimensional Resin Injection Pultrusion Process Control Parameters for Polyester/Glass Rovings Composites

Pultrusion, sometimes referred to as continuous resin transfer molding process, is a continuous, cost-effective method for manufacturing composite materials with constant cross sections (such as rod stock, beams, channels, and tubing). The objective of this study is to improve the fiber reinforcement wetout and thus the quality of the pultruded part in the injection pultrusion process. The complete wetout of the dry reinforcement by the liquid resin depends on various design and process parameters. The process parameters modeled in this study are fiber pull speed, fiber volume fraction, and viscosity of the resin. In the present work, a three-dimensional finite volume technique is employed to simulate the liquid resin flow through the fiber reinforcement in the injection pultrusion process. The numerical model simulates the flow of polyester resin through the glass rovings and predicts the impact of the process parameters on wetout, resin pressure field, and resin velocity field. The location of the liquid resin flow front has been predicted for an injection slot as well as for five discrete injection ports.
Assessing the Sources of Asian Versus Non-Asian Disparities in Delinquency

Research on race/ethnicity and crime has often overlooked the patterns and predictors of Asian American offending, particularly compared to those of other racial/ethnic groups. The current study addresses this gap in the research using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to assess the degree to which social factors drawn from criminological theories are able to account for Asian versus non-Asian (White, Black, Latino, and Native American) levels of delinquency. This analysis also extends prior work by exploring the sources of these disparities in delinquency using (a) multiple offense types (violent, property, and drug offending), (b) multiple theoretical approaches (social bond, anomie/strain, and social learning perspectives), and (c) measures that capture the frequency and intensity of serious delinquency for a nationally representative sample of youth. Findings indicate that Asian American youth report lower levels of violence and drug use than other racial/ethnic groups, wh...
Esophagostomy tube placement in the anorectic rabbit

Anorexia is a common sign of illness in laboratory rabbits. When not treated promptly, the condition can lead to hepatic lipidosis and death. The author describes a technique for cervical esophagostomy as an alternative to pharyngostomy tube feeding, oral gavage, and nasogastric procedures.
The Association of Needs Assessment Strategies with the Provision of Family-Friendly Benefits

Family-friendly benefits are an essential and costly component of the compensation and human resource management system. The research literature clearly indicates that municipal governments offer family-friendly benefits at very low levels. One plausible hypothesis for their lower provision rate is the absence of a systematic needs assessment. In this sample of 358municipal governments, benefits needs assessment was associated with a higher perceived importance of family-friendly benefits in stimulating favorable personnel outcomes. However, the presence of needs assessment was not directly associated with the actual number of family-friendly benefits provided. The note concludes with factors that may attenuate the demand and need for family-friendly benefits.
INTERRELATIONSHIP OFIGFBP-1 AND INSULIN IN PEDIATRIC CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF)

The pathogenesis of growth failure in pediatric CRF may involve abnormalities of the IGF system. We have previously shown that serum IGF levels are normal in CRF, while levels of intact IGFBP-1, an IGF-inhibitory binding protein, are elevated. In normals, IGFBP-1 production is suppressed by insulin; fasting IGFBP-1 and insulin levels show a curvilinear inverse relationship. We studied this relationship in 20 patients [age=7.1 ± 3.5SD yr, 3F/17M, GFR (iothalamatc) = 28± 7SD mL/min/1.73m2] involved in a study of GH treatment of CRF. Fasting serum was collected at 0, 3 and 12 months (n = 60). Insulin and IGFBP-1 levels were measured using immunoassay kits (Diagnostic Systems Labs) with mean levels of insulin = 52±7(SE) pmol/L (nl 15-100) and IGFBP-1 =719± 72(SE) ng/niL (nl 20-fold increase in IGFBP-1 levels at the inflection point as compared to normal and obese subjects. The “critical” suppressive insulin level may be slightly less than the level we have previously described for non-CRF patients (70-90 pmol/L). Since GFR was low and homogenous in this group, an independent relationship with IGFBP-1 could not be defined. Compared to baseline, IGFBP-1 levels were reduced 29% and 57% after 3 and 12 months of GH therapy (n=14 pts), while levels were 92% and 94% of baseline for untreated patients (n = 6). GH treatment had no effect on the inverse relationship of IGFBP-1 and insulin. Our results provide evidence that IGFBP-1 production is insulin-dependent in CRF as it is in normals, and that increased levels of this IGF-regulatory protein are probably determined primarily by impaired clearance. Furthermore, while exogenous GH lowers IGFBP-1 levels in CRF, this effect may be mediated by changes in insulin concentrations. Supported by Genentech, Inc. and Diafpiostic Systems Laboratories, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of intravenous repinotan in healthy male volunteers

Objective: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) repinotan, a potent selective full serotonin (5-HT1a) receptor agonist, after administration of escalating doses/infusion rates to healthy volunteers with extensive or poor metaboliser phenotype, and to compare weight-adjusted (mg/kg) to fixed (mg/ day) dosing regimens. Subjects and methods: The pharmacokinetic profile of IV repinotan was evaluated in healthy male volunteers. In eight studies, extensive metabolisers (EMs) and poor metabolisers (PMs) identified by sparteine phenotyping were given IV repinotan at doses of 5–100μg over 1 hour or 200–1000μg over 4 hours. In two additional studies of EMs and PMs, IV repinotan was administered as a weight-adjusted dose of 1 μg/kg/h for 24 hours. Repinotan plasma concentrations were measured for determination of non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters. Results: Sixty-five male subjects (54 EMs and 11 PMs) were valid for pharmacokinetic evaluation. During continuous IV infusion, a steady-state repinotan plasma level was reached within 4–5 hours in EMs, and the elimination half-life was 1 hour. Pharmacokinetics were linear in EMs across a wide range of doses (5–2250μg) and infusion rates (5–250μg/h). Repinotan clearance was correlated with the log metabolic ratio (MR) of sparteine as an indicator for cytochrome P450 (CYP)2D6 phenotype, and subjects phenotyped as PMs had reduced clearance, resulting in longer elimination half-lives (up to a mean value of 11 hours) and increased peak plasma concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve values. Bodyweight was not a significant covariable for clearance and the interindividual variability in clearance was not reduced after normalisation to bodyweight. Repinotan was well tolerated at infusion rates up to 150 μg/h (EMs), and no clinically relevant safety issues were reported. Conclusion: Repinotan demonstrates linear pharmacokinetics in EMs for CYP2D6, who constitute about 93% of the Caucasian population. Repinotan clearance is correlated with CYP2D6 phenotype and reduced in PMs. Bodyweight does not appear to be a major determinant of its pharmacokinetic variability and a bodyweight-adjusted dosing regimen is not warranted. Further studies should be performed in patients to investigate whether the tolerability profile of repinotan is comparable to that observed in healthy volunteers.
Privacy-preserving models for comparing survival curves using the logrank test

Abstract: The incorporation of electronic health care in medical institutions will benefit and thus further boost the collaborations in medical research among clinics and research institutions. However, privacy regulations and security concerns make such collaborations very restricted. In this paper, we propose privacy preserving models for survival curves comparison based on logrank test, in order to perform better survival analysis through the collaboration of multiple medical institutions and protect the data privacy. We distinguish two collaboration scenarios and for each scenario we present a privacy preserving model for logrank test. We conduct experiments on the real medical data to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed models.
Conformational Changes in Conantokin-G Induced upon Binding of Calcium and Magnesium as Revealed by NMR Structural Analysis

Abstract The apo- and metal-bound solution conformations of synthetic conantokin-G (con-G, G1EγγL5QγNQγ10LIRγK15SN-CONH2, γ = γ-carboxyglutamic acid), an antagonist ofN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-derived neuronal ion channels, have been examined by one- and two-dimensional1H NMR at neutral pH. A complete structure for the Mg2+-loaded peptide was defined by use of distance geometry calculations and was found to exist as an α-helix that spans the entire peptide. The α-helical nature of Mg2+/con-G was also supported by the small values (<5.5 Hz) of the3JHNα coupling constants measured for amino acid residues 3–5, 8, 9, and 11–16, and the small values (<4 ppb/K) of the temperature coefficients observed for the αNH protons of residues 5–17. This conformation contrasted with that obtained for apo-con-G, which was nearly structureless in solution. Docking of Mg2+ into con-G was accomplished by use of the genetic algorithm/molecular dynamics simulation method, employing the NMR-derived Mg2+-loaded structure for initial coordinates in the midpoint calculations. For the 3 Mg2+/con-G model, it was found that binding of one Mg2+ ion is stabilized by oxygen atoms from three γ-carboxylates of Gla3, Gla4, and Gla7; another Mg2+ is coordinated by two oxygen atoms, one from each of the γ-carboxylates of Gla7; and a third metal ion through three donor oxygen atoms of γ-carboxylates from Gla10 and Gla14. As shown from direct metal binding measurements to mutant con-G peptides, these latter two Gla residues probably stabilized the tightest binding Mg2+ ion. Circular dichroism studies of these same peptide variants demonstrated that all Gla residues contribute to the adoption of the Mg2+-dependent α-helical conformation in con-G. The data obtained in this investigation provide a molecular basis for the large conformational alteration observed in apo-con-G as a result of divalent cation binding and allow assessment of the roles of individual Gla residues in defining certain of the structure-function properties of con-G.
Spray Impingement and Evaporation Through Porous Media

This paper presents an experimental study on spray impingement and fuel evaporation processes in porous media. Aviation-type kerosene (Jet-A) was used as the fuel and an open-cell, silicon carbide coated, carbon-carbon ceramic foam was used as the porous medium. The fuel was sprayed into a coflowing, preheated air environment using an air-blast atomizer. A Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) was used to measure Sauter mean diameter (SMD), liquid mass flux, and axial velocity of the droplets. The porous medium was resistively heated to simulate heat feedback from the combustion zone. An organic vapor analyzer, based on catalytic oxidation, was used to measure the concentration of kerosene vapor downstream of the porous medium. The temperature and flow rate of coflow air were held constant, while the fuel flow rate, and hence, the overall equivalence ratio, was varied from 0.3 to 0.6. Higher liquid mass flux was recorded away from the spray core region, due to the swirling action of atomizing air. Surface temperature measurements of porous media revealed the uniformity of thermo-electrical properties of the medium. Vapor concentration measurements with combustion heat feedback (a heat input of 33 kW/m2 ) increased the average vapor concentration by 63% and 43% than that of no heat feedback case for 0.3 and 0.6 equivalence ratios respectively.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Mechanical characteristics of the stem-cement interface

The mechanical characteristics of the interface between a metallic stem and the surrounding poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement were determined from experimental tests and finite element analyses. Push-through-stem tests of straight and tapered titanium alloy stems, surrounded by cement columns, were performed and the resulting load-displacement behavior and strain distribution on the surface of the cement column were measured for loading, unloading, and reloading. Test geometries were modelled using nonlinear, axisymmetric, finite element analyses, which incorporated Coulomb friction elements at the titanium alloy-cement interface. Initial residual stresses, due to curing of the cement column, were modeled by thermal contraction of the cement. Good agreement was obtained between load-displacement curves and surface strains predicted from the nonlinear analysis and those obtained from experiments, when a coefficient of friction of 0.3 was assumed for the stem-cement interface. These results show that, in the absence of chemical adhesion, the load-displacement behavior of a stem-cement composite can be described completely in terms of the friction at the interface and the residual stresses normal to the interface.
Low-Energy K − N Scattering and SU ( 3 ) Invariance

Phase shifts from ${K}_{+}\ensuremath{-}p$ and ${K}_{+}\ensuremath{-}d$ scattering up to $800 \frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{c}$ are fitted by a sum of single-particle exchange terms and a "background" term representing unknown short-range forces. The background is described by a low-order polynomial in $s$ and $t$ in the invariant amplitudes. The single-particle states in the $u$-channel are $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, $Y_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{*}$(1385 MeV), $Y_{0}^{}{}_{}{}^{*}$(1405 MeV), $Y_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{*}$(1520 MeV), and $Y_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{*}$(1660 MeV). A continuum of $u$-channel $\overline{K}\ensuremath{-}N$ scattering below $400 \frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{c}$ is also included. In the $t$ channel the states are $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and a fictitious particle $\ensuremath{\chi}$ which is supposed to represent the average effect of $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}$. The ${Y}^{*}N\overline{K}$ coupling constants are known from experiment or a combination of theory and experiment. The ratio of vector to tensor $\ensuremath{\rho}\mathrm{NN}$ coupling constants is taken from nucleon electromagnetic-structure data. The other coupling constants are regarded as free parameters to be determined by fitting $K\ensuremath{-}N$ data. For good fits it is necessary to retain the first three orders in the expansion of the background term. This entails eight free parameters. Two sets of fits to the data are found, one with the Fermi-type $I=0$ phase shifts (${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\frac{p3}{2}}$ large and positive) and one with Yang-type $I=0$ phases (${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\frac{p1}{2}}$ large and positive). In the Fermi case the $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ coupling constants each differ by more than five standard deviations from predictions based on $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ symmetry. The $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ constant also disagrees badly with results from forward-angle dispersion relations. In the case of the Yang-type phase shifts, the coupling constants are essentially in agreement with $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ predictions. In the Yang case the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ term is necessary for an acceptable fit, in spite of the large number of parameters. The parameters for $\ensuremath{\chi}$ exchange are badly determined by the data, so there is no possibility of working with $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and $\ensuremath{\phi}$ coupling constants as separate free parameters. Exchange of scalar particles is considered as a model for the effects of "ABC" or "$\ensuremath{\sigma}$" $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ interactions at 310 or 400 MeV, and the ${K}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{K}_{1}$ interaction at 1000 MeV. Inclusion of such exchange terms affects the parameter values of the other terms only slightly, and therefore does not change the qualitative character of the fits to the data. The ${Y}^{*}$ terms can also be omitted without changing the general character of the fits. They are not small, but they are well represented by the background terms. Unitarity corrections are estimated to be rather minor; they do not change the main conclusions.
Family Responsive Policies and Employee Retention Following Childbirth

This article reports on a study that examined the effects of working conditions and employer policies on womens decisions to continue change or leave employment after childbirth. After a brief introduction the background of the study is illuminated by a review of recent studies on the important effect on subsequent job status of maintaining employer continuity. Next a theoretical model of work-place causes that motivate postpartum employee turnover is proposed that links exogenous personal characteristics organizational characteristics and family responsive employment conditions to turnover. The study methodology is then described as relying on a community sample of 324 pregnant women who were employed at least 20 hours/week during the first trimester of pregnancy. Data were collected via interviews from September 1991 through May 1992 and from follow-up questionnaires at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Respondents were categorized according to whether they continued changed or left employment and data were analyzed using the independent variables of family background human capital employment organization and family responsiveness. Results are presented for descriptive data a multivariate analysis of postpartum turnover and an analysis of the 167 respondents with a first birth. The 70% retention rates at 6 months postpartum found in this study led to the conclusion that postpartum turnover rates are not as severe as is often suggested. Job retention was increased in the presence of supportive employment policies and of social support from supervisors and coworkers.
Temporal profile of connexin 43 mRNA expression in a tetanus toxin-induced seizure disorder.

The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of gap junction protein connexin 43 was quantified in the tetanus toxin rat model of focal epilepsy following injection of toxin into the left amygdala. Animals were monitored electrographically at weekly intervals with bilateral amygdala electrodes. Cohorts of 3 rats were sacrificed at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10, and bilateral regions containing the amygdala and posterior cerebral cortex were sampled, frozen, and later pooled for northern blot analysis. Spike generation was manifest in all animals during the first 4 wk followed by variable attenuation and cessation by 10 wk. Electrode implantation alone was shown by regression analysis to cause significant (p<0.05) elevation of connexin mRNA in weeks 1–4. Injection of toxin diminished connexin mRNA expression in the amygdala when compared to electrode implantation alone. No trend in connexin mRNA expression was established over time in either amygdala or cerebral cortex in the acute epileptic or chronic postepileptic phase.
A high resolution synchrotron x-ray study of the weakly-incommensurate phase of high stage bromine-intercalated graphite

We report the results of a high resolution synchrotron x-ray scattering study of the weakly incommensurate stripe domain phase of high stage bromine-intercalated graphite. The translational order in this system is two-dimensional in nature.) We demonstrate power-law behaviour at five harmonics (G) of the mass density wave, and confirm the scaling of the structure factor withG 2. Our results are consistent with recent theories of the two dimensional uniaxial commensurate-incommensurate transition, which are based on an entropically wandering domain wall picture of the incommensurate phase. We demonstrate that, in this system, the domain walls have a width much less than their separation so that significant molecular displacements from the commensurate sites occur within a unit cell. Close to the transition, we observe hysteresis.
The effect of arabinofuranosylcytosine on the growth cycle of simian virus 40

Abstract Arabinofuranosylcytosine, at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/ml, inhibits the synthesis in green monkey kidney cells of SV40 viral antigen and infectious virus but permits the production of SV40 tumor antigen. The tumor antigen can be detected by 18 hours post-infection but addition of the inhibitor as late as 21 hours post-infection prevents virus synthesis. Yields of infectious virus are depressed even when arabinofuranosylcytosine is added 24 or 30 hours after infection. Inhibition can be reversed by removal of the compound. After removal of the inhibitor, the time required for synthesis of virus antigen was similar to that observed between synthesis of tumor antigen and virus antigen in non-inhibited cultures. The concomitant addition of deoxycytidine triphosphate and arabinofuranosylcytosine to inhibited cultures also reversed the inhibition, a finding compatible with the working hypothesis that arabinofuranosylcytosine can inhibit a step in the synthesis of virus DNA. It therefore appears likely that synthesis of SV40 tumor antigen does not require replication of virus DNA.
Influence of soil on the interactions between endomycorrhizae and Azospirillum in sorghum

Abstract Sorghum ( S. bicolor L. Moench cv. Bok 8) plants were grown in soil or sand-perlite low in plant-available N and P. Plants were inoculated with a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus, or a strain of Azospirillum brasilense or both endophytes together. Plants received a nutrient solution which did not contain N or P. Increases in plant dry weight, shoot-to-root ratios, and the N content of dually-infected plants could be accounted for by summing the VAM and Azospirillum effects. For sorghum inoculated with both endophytes, the presence of A. brasilense in the rhizosphere increased VAM colonization and biomass, while the N input due to Azospirillum decreased, possibly due to competition for carbohydrates. Comparisons between sorghum grown with or without VAM-fungal infection in four growth media showed that edaphic factors other than P availability determined the host response to VAM infection. The P-fixing capacity of the soil, rather than the amount of available (NaHCO 3 -extractable) P, influenced the balance between mutualistic and parasitic VAM-fungal growth.
A-kinase anchoring protein 3 messenger RNA expression correlates with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer

Abstract Objectives. Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are expressed in tumors but not normal tissues except the testis and could be targets for vaccine therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). A-kinase anchoring protein 3 (AKAP-3) is a novel member of the CT antigen family. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of AKAP-3 in EOC and correlate with clinico-pathologic characteristics. Methods. One step RT-PCR was performed with RNA from normal and ovarian cancer cell lines and 74 epithelial ovarian tumor tissues. AKAP-3-specific PCR product was amplified. The distribution of AKAP-3 expression and clinico-pathologic variables was analyzed. Survival distributions were estimated, and multivariate analyses were performed. Results. AKAP-3 mRNA expression was demonstrated in 43/74 (58%) of the ovarian cancer specimens. AKAP-3 was expressed in normal testis, but not in other normal tissues. AKAP-3 expression significantly correlated with increased likelihood of residual tumor ( P = 0.005), but no increase in the likelihood of recurrence or persistent disease ( P = 0.06). Patients with AKAP-3 mRNA expression were found to have a significantly poorer overall survival (median 50 months) compared with patients without AKAP-3 expression (median not reached) ( P = 0.007). Multivariate analysis of AKAP-3 expression, residual disease, and response to frontline chemotherapy found response to be the strongest predictor of overall survival ( P = 0.012). Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that AKAP-3 is expressed at high frequency in patients with EOC. Since AKAP-3 demonstrates tumor-restricted expression and appears to be associated with worse overall survival, it could represent an attractive target for antigen-specific immunotherapy in EOC.
Nursing care hours of patients receiving varying amounts and types of consultation/liaison services

Abstract Psychiatric comorbidities in the general hospital population have been found to increase the cost of health care. This descriptive study provides an in-depth analysis (including nursing hours), of general hospital patients receiving low, medium, and high intensity consultation/liaison ( C L ) services from C L psychiatrists and C L nurses using computerized databases and the medical record. The results show that there are significant differences among the subgroups receiving varying amounts of C L services. This study has particular significance for C L nursing as many C L nursing interventions are focused on both the patient and the delivery of nursing care by the staff nurse.
Mothers’, Fathers’, and Their Children’s Perceptions and Reasoning About Nurturance and Self-Determination Rights

The present study investigated the development of autonomy by interviewing 47 ten-to- sixteen year-old adolescents and their parents from three US Midwestern cities about their perceptions of children's rights. The findings showed that on average, parents thought that their children would advocate for more rights than their children actually did. Mothers were more likely than fathers to believe that their child would advocate for self-determination rights. Older adolescents used more diverse reasoning categories than younger adolescents in their decision making. There was no age difference in the adolescents' support of nurturance and self-determination rights. Parents were generally given authority over moral consideration, but less over conventional and personal conventions. The results are discussed in the context of the development of personal autonomy and relatedness.
Note on the FFT Based Computational Code and Its Application

The discrete convolution based Fast Fourier Transform algorithm (DC-FFT) has been successfully applied in numerical simulation of contact problems. The algorithm is revisited from a mathematical point of view, equivalent to a Toeplitz matrix multiplied by a vector. The nature of the convolution property permits one to implement the algorithm with fewer constraints in choosing the computational domains. This advantageous feature is explored in the present work, and is expected to be beneficial to many tribological studies.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Limestone to Mitigate Lake acidification: macrozoobenthos response in treated and reference lakes

The littoral macrozoobenthos (MZB) of two low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC = ≤ 50.0 µeq l−1) northeastern Pennsylvania lakes (treatment and reference) were sampled each ice free season, 1984 through 1988, to evaluate response to limestone addition. Following addition of 100 tons agricultural limestone (CaCO3) to the treatment lake in February 1985, mean annual ANC rose from 20 µeq l−1 to 668 µeq l−1 then decreased. In October 1987, ANC in the treatment lake was decreasing, so 15 additional tons of limestone were added. Pre- limestoning there were few significant (p<0.05) differences between MZB assemblages in the two lakes, but 4 years post treatment the following differences (p<0.05) were detected in the treatment lake: more Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hyalella azteca, total MZB numbers and higher Mollusca wet weight than in the reference lake. From 1984 to 1988 in the treatment lake the annual means of the following community characteristics increased (p<0.05): totals of Chironomidae, Ephemeroptera (including Caenis spp.), Odonata, Trichoptera, Sphaeriidae, collectors and MZB numbers; Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera taxa richness and total taxa richness; total and Mollusca wet weight. However, the treatment lake ecosystem is neither self-sustaining nor stable because limestone must be added every 2 to 3 years to maintain ANC above 50 µeq l−1 In the reference lake annual means of ANC, specific conductance, calcium and magnesium decreased (p<0.05) while Secchi depth increased (p<0.05), suggesting continuing acidification.
The role of analogy in unraveling the fractional quantum Hall effect mystery

This introductory article, intended for non-experts, explains how the analogy to the integral quantum Hall effect provided the key to understanding the fractional quantum Hall effect, at the same time leading to a new class of topological fermions called composite fermions. It is shown how the enormous ambiguity of the original electron problem is eliminated as a result of the formation of composite fermions, and a unique solution is obtained that is extremely accurate and consistent with dramatic experimental observations.
The application of Dempster-Shafer theory for landmine detection

This paper explores the concepts of multisensor data fusion based on the Dempster-Shafer (DS) evidential theory in order to achieve a mine versus false-alarm (FA) classification of landmine targets. Initially, a decision-level DS algorithm is proposed to combine the evidence from multiple sensors of the landmine detection system developed by the General Dynamics Canada Limited (GD Canada). Subsequently, a feature-level DS fusion algorithm is employed to operate on a set of features reported by the ground penetrating radar (GPR) sensor of the system. The data used in the present study was acquired from the Aberdeen Proving Grounds (APG) test site in USA as part of the Ground Standoff Mine Detection System (GSTAMIDS) trials. The proposed decision-level DS algorithm yielded a probability of detection (pd) of 92.53% at a false-alarm rate (FAR) value of 0.0697 FAs/m 2 . The Pd and the FAR performance results achieved by using the decision-level DS algorithm are comparable with the results obtained using three other decision-level fusion algorithms that were previously developed by GD Canada based on heuristic, Bayesian inference, and Voting fusion concepts. On the other hand, the feature-level DS fusion, when tested with the information presented by the GPR sensor only, resulted in a higher Pd value of 78.54% as compared to the corresponding result of 61.43% obtained by using the heuristic algorithm. The GPR sensor is one of the three scanning sensors present on the system.
Direct polymerization of surface-tethered polyelectrolyte layers in aqueous solution via surface-confined atom transfer radical polymerization

The direct polymerization of deprotonated acidic monomers in aqueous solutions was achieved via surface-confined atom transfer radical polymerization (SC-ATRP) to produce surface-tethered polyelectrolyte brushes. Layers of poly(itaconic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) were grown by SC-ATRP from self-assembled initiator monolayers of [BrC(CH3)2COO(CH2)11S]2 on gold substrates. The polymer layers were characterized with variable-angle ellipsometry and external-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Without intervention, atom transfer radical polymerization catalysts were deactivated by complexation with the deprotonated acidic monomers, disproportionation, and dissociation during the polymerization of these monomers in water; the result was the cessation of polymer growth. The addition of an alkali salt to the reaction media suppressed catalyst deactivation, allowing polymer layers to increase in thickness linearly for longer periods of time with respect to salt-free conditions. This result suggested an improved degree of polymerization control. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 566–575, 2007
Parallel-polled virtual output queued (PP-VOQ) switch

A new arbitration algorithm for achieving high performance and fairness in a virtual output queued (VOQ) input buffered switch is presented. A parallel-polled, deterministic scheduling algorithm is described with comparable performance to non-deterministic PIM and iSLIP scheduling. The PP-VOQ algorithm is scalable and multicasting can be supported.
Abnormal Cerebellar Development and Foliation in BDNF−/− Mice Reveals a Role for Neurotrophins in CNS Patterning

Abstract While target-derived neurotrophins are required for the survival of developing neurons in the PNS, the functions of neurotrophins in the CNS are unclear. Mice with a targeted gene deletion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exhibit a wide-based gait. Consistent with this behavioral evidence of cerebellar dysfunction, there is increased death of granule cells, stunted growth of Purkinje cell dendrites, impaired formation of horizontal layers, and defects in the rostral–caudal foliation pattern. These abnormalities are accompanied by decreased Trk activation in granule and Purkinje cells of mutant animals, indicating that both cell types are direct targets for BDNF. These data suggest that BDNF acts as an anterograde or an autocrine–paracrine factor to regulate survival and morphologic differentiation of developing CNS neurons, and thereby affects neural patterning.
Molecular and mutational analysis of a DNA region separating two methylotrophy gene clusters in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1.

A region of 14-2 kb has been analysed that is a part of a locus on the Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 chromosome containing a number of genes involved in one-carbon (C1) metabolism, including serine cycle genes, pqq genes, regulatory methanol oxidation genes and the gene for N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (mtdA). Fifteen new ORFs have been identified within the new region, and their sequences suggest that they encode the following polypeptides: the C-terminal part of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malyl-CoA lyase, polypeptides of 9.4 and 31 kDa of unknown function, three putative subunits of an ABC-type transporter, two polypeptides similar to the products of mxaF and mxaJ from M. extorquens AM1 and other methylotrophs, a cytochrome c, three enzymes of folate metabolism, and polypeptides of 13 and 20.5 kDa with no homologues in the protein database. Ten insertion mutations have been generated in the region to determine if the newly identified genes are associated with C1 metabolism. A mutation in mcIA. encoding malyl-CoA lyase, resulted in a C1-minus phenotype, while mutations in the other genes all showed a C1-plus phenotype. It was not possible to obtain null mutants in a putative folate metabolism gene, foIC, implying the necessity of these folate synthesis genes for metabolism of C1 and multicarbon compounds. Mutations in the putative ABC transporter genes, the genes similar to mxaG and mxaJ, and other unidentified ORFs produced double-crossover recombinants with a C1-positive phenotype. Promoter regions have been investigated upstream of orf3 and orf4 using the promoter probe vector pHX200. Transcription from these promoters was weak in wild-type M. extorquens AM1 but increased in regulatory mox mutants.
Diversity and senior leadership at elite institutions of higher education.

This article explores the lack of diversity at the 8 Ivy League institutions using a Critical Race Theory lens. It includes a comprehensive literature review of the scholarship related to diversity in academe, but especially within the areas of elite institutions and administration. The article also provides data pertaining to the senior leadership at the Ivy League institutions juxtaposed with data on senior level administrators throughout the nation, using the American Council on Education’s On the Pathway to the Presidency report. Lastly, the article provides recommendations to presidents and institutions for bolstering high-level diversity among high level administrators. The authors stress the importance of addressing the historical and current policies and practices that either facilitate or negate the goals of diversity. They also encourage Ivy League institutions to create internal committees or task forces that focus on racial and ethnic disparities in senior administration.
Fusion pore or porosome: structure and dynamics

Electrophysiological measurements on live secretory cells almost a decade ago suggested the presence of fusion pores at the cell plasma membrane. Membrane-bound secretory vesicles were hypothesized to dock and fuse at these sites, to release their contents. Our studies using atomic force microscopy on live exocrine and neuroendocrine cells demonstrate the presence of such plasma membrane pores, revealing their morphology and dynamics at near nm resolution and in real time.
Cluster Regions A Social Network Perspective

One ongoing debate in the cluster literature concerns methods of delineating the spatial footprint of industrial clusters. Some cluster regions correspond to political boundaries. Researchers have also used qualitative methods and various quantitative techniques including location quotients and spatial statistics to demarcate clusters. A common weakness of most approaches is that researchers do not incorporate collaboration among cluster participants. In this article, the use of social network analysis (SNA) is illustrated. SNA is not proposed as an alternative to other methods of cluster mapping. Instead, the authors suggest that it complements other methods. Because SNA focuses on networks of social or interpersonal relationships, it provides a dimension that techniques focusing on economic relationships do not capture. One advantage of SNA is that it enables the identification of critical nonindustry actors, such as politicians, economic development practitioners, and academic researchers.
Intrusion recovery for database-backed web applications

Warp is a system that helps users and administrators of web applications recover from intrusions such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, and clickjacking attacks, while preserving legitimate user changes. Warp repairs from an intrusion by rolling back parts of the database to a version before the attack, and replaying subsequent legitimate actions. Warp allows administrators to retroactively patch security vulnerabilities---i.e., apply new security patches to past executions---to recover from intrusions without requiring the administrator to track down or even detect attacks. Warp's time-travel database allows fine-grained rollback of database rows, and enables repair to proceed concurrently with normal operation of a web application. Finally, Warp captures and replays user input at the level of a browser's DOM, to recover from attacks that involve a user's browser. For a web server running MediaWiki, Warp requires no application source code changes to recover from a range of common web application vulnerabilities with minimal user input at a cost of 24--27% in throughput and 2--3.2 GB/day in storage.
Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, serum C-peptide and insulin resistance in relation to serum uric acid levels—the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objective. To evaluate haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting glucose, serum C-peptide and insulin resistance in relation to serum uric acid levels in a nationally representative sample of men and women. Methods. Using data from 14 664 participants aged 20 yrs and older in The US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), we examined the relation between the levels of HbA1c, other biomarkers and serum uric acid levels using multivariate linear regressions stratified by gender. Results. The serum uric acid levels increased with increasing serum HbA1c levels up to the category of 6–6.9%, and thereafter decreased with further increasing HbA1c levels (a bell-shaped relation). Compared with a HbA1c level of <5%, the multivariate differences among women were 26.8 � mol/l for HbA1c of 6–6.9% and � 25.6 � mol/l (95% CI � 42.8, � 8.3) for HbA1c � 9%. The corresponding multivariate differences among men were 8.3 � mol/l (95% CI � 3.0, 19.6) and � 64.8 � mol/l (95% CI � 46.0, � 84.5), which were both significantly different from those among women (P-values for interaction by sex <0.001). Fasting glucose levels also showed a bell-shaped relation with serum uric acid levels. Individuals with diabetes showed lower serum uric acid levels and the association was larger among men (P-value for interaction, 0.007). Serum uric acid levels increased linearly with increasing fasting serum C-peptide levels, serum insulin levels or insulin resistance (multivariate P-values for trend, <0.001). Conclusions. Individuals with moderately elevated HbA1c levels (i.e. pre-diabetes) may be at a higher risk of hyperuricaemia and gout, particularly in women, whereas individuals with diabetes or highly elevated HbA1c levels may be at a lower risk of these conditions, particularly in men.