cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Tablet-Based Technology on the Development of Communication and Critical Thinking Skills: An Interdisciplinary Study

AbstractThe purpose of this interdisciplinary study was to explore the impacts of tablet technology in a college classroom on students' perceptions of their own learning. Students were asked about oral, written, and graphical communication and critical thinking skills. Mid-semester and end-of-semester surveys were administered to tablet-enabled classes for collection of self-report data. Additionally, objective performance data were gathered from sections of the same courses taught using traditional methods and compared with learning outcomes of those taught using tablets. Students reported that using tablet technology was beneficial for all three types of communication skills. Findings also indicated that tablet usage contributed to a positive effect on dimensions of critical thinking. Implications for these findings are discussed.
HLA Mismatching Favoring Host-Versus-Graft NK Cell Activity Via KIR3DL1 Is Associated With Improved Outcomes Following Lung Transplantation.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is linked to rejection and limits survival following lung transplantation. HLA-Bw4 recipients of HLA-Bw6 grafts have enhanced host-versus-graft (HVG) natural killer (NK) cell activity mediated by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)3DL1 ligand. Because NK cells may promote tolerance by depleting antigen-presenting cells, we hypothesized improved outcomes for HLA-Bw4 recipients of HLA-Bw6 grafts. We evaluated differences in acute cellular rejection and CLAD-free survival across 252 KIR3DL1+ recipients from University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). For validation, we assessed survival and freedom from bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), retransplantation, or death in 12 845 non-KIR typed recipients from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, transplant type, and HLA mismatching. HVG-capable subjects in the UCSF cohort had a decreased risk of CLAD or death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.88) and decreased early lymphocytic bronchitis. The HVG effect was not significant in subjects with genotypes predicting low KIR3DL1 expression. In the UNOS cohort, HVG-capable subjects had a decreased risk of BOS, retransplant, or death (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99). Survival improved with the higher-affinity Bw4-80I ligand and in Bw4 homozygotes. Improved outcomes in HVG-capable recipients are consistent with a protective NK cell role. Augmentation of NK activity could supplement current immunosuppression techniques.
Surgical Revascularization in the Management of Heart Failure and Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction

More than 5 million Americans have congestive heart failure, and 550,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. This condition results in almost 1 million hospital discharges and more than 50,000 deaths a year at a cost of $28.8 billion (1). Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of heart failure. Since the early trials of surgical vs medical management of coronary artery disease in the late 1970s, there have been substantial changes in the surgical techniques and the medical management of chronic CAD, acute coronary syndromes, and heart failure.
The credibility of slums: Informal housing and urban governance in India

A major challenge facing Indian cities is the expansion of informal housing beyond state control or regulation. In Mumbai, the financial capital of India, forty-two percent of the population lives in slums. What explains the proliferation and persistence of slums in Mumbai despite their ill-protected property rights and poor quality of living? Applying the Credibility Thesis to the study of urban informality, the paper argues that slums persist because they fulfill certain functions and, therefore, are credible. It will be ascertained that, slums in Mumbai provide alternative housing and economic opportunities for city residents as well as serving as “vote banks” in electoral politics. Slum redevelopment in Mumbai is slow and fraught with contention, largely because the government neglects the high credibility of slums. As a reflection on the function rather than merely the form of slums, this paper challenges the dichotomy between the formal and the informal, and sheds new light on the role of the state in the production and governance of urban informality.
Critique [of Oral Traditions Under Threat: The Australian Aboriginal Experience by Christine Morris]

Christine Morris stimulates, provokes, and challenges some fundamental axioms about culture and literature in her intriguing essay. The absolutism of her position forces readers to critically examine their own ideas about the transmission and preservation of culture. Ultimately, I have some skepticism about the absolutism of her position, but her paper moved me several steps towards her position and caused me to evaluate my ideas on other issues as well.
Contextualizing the Research

This chapter introduces the book’s research questions and substantive content. The chapter contextualizes them within contemporary theoretical discussions about the roles of religion and ethnicity in facilitating immigrant integration and identity construction in the host society and beyond. The chapter analyzes a wide range of theories—from the sociology of religion and immigration as well as religious, diaspora, race, and area studies. Next, the chapter presents the cross-religion comparison and transnational method used in this research and argues why it is essential for untangling many of the on-going debates about religion and ethnicity. The chapter then links the justification of method to samples. It provides a background to Vietnamese Catholics and Caodaists in the U.S. and Cambodia. The chapter finishes with an outline of the book.
Oxidative Uranium Release from Anoxic Sediments under Diffusion-Limited Conditions

Uranium (U) contamination occurs as a result of mining and ore processing; often in alluvial aquifers that contain organic-rich, reduced sediments that accumulate tetravalent U, U(IV). Uranium(IV) is sparingly soluble, but may be mobilized upon exposure to nitrate (NO3–) and oxygen (O2), which become elevated in groundwater due to seasonal fluctuations in the water table. The extent to which oxidative U mobilization can occur depends upon the transport properties of the sediments, the rate of U(IV) oxidation, and the availability of inorganic reductants and organic electron donors that consume oxidants. We investigated the processes governing U release upon exposure of reduced sediments to artificial groundwater containing O2 or NO3– under diffusion-limited conditions. Little U was mobilized during the 85-day reaction, despite rapid diffusion of groundwater within the sediments and the presence of nonuraninite U(IV) species. The production of ferrous iron and sulfide in conjunction with rapid oxidant cons...
Artemether Does Not Turn α Cells into β Cells

Pancreatic α cells retain considerable plasticity and can, under the right circumstances, transdifferentiate into functionally mature β cells. In search of a targetable mechanistic basis, a recent paper suggested that the widely used anti-malaria drug artemether suppresses the α cell transcription factor Arx to promote transdifferentiation into β cells. However, key initial experiments in this paper were carried out in islet cell lines, and most subsequent validation experiments implied transdifferentiation without direct demonstration of α to β cell conversion. Indeed, we find no evidence that artemether promotes transdifferentiation of primary α cells into β cells. Moreover, artemether reduces Ins2 expression in primary β cells >100-fold, suppresses glucose uptake, and abrogates β cell calcium responses and insulin secretion in response to glucose. Our observations suggest that artemether induces general islet endocrine cell dedifferentiation and call into question the utility of artemisinins to promote α to β cell transdifferentiation in treating diabetes.
2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Adhesive for the Prevention of Central Venous Catheter Infections: A Proof of Concept

Introduction Colonization of central venous catheters CVC s by microorganisms is an event that precedes central line associated bloodstream infection CLABSI It is plausible that sealing the skin insertion site of CVCs with octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive may reduce catheter colonization by creating a sterile barrier and minimizing subsequent extraluminal colonization of the catheter We explored this by evaluating the ability of the skin adhesive to maintain a sealed interface by visual inspection Materials and Methods enrolled patients underwent application of octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive to the CVC insertion site followed by daily inspection for visual signs of octyl cyanoacrylate loss of seal integrity with the skin catheter interface Additionally patients were monitored daily for local cutaneous reactions and or catheter malfunction After the clinical team removed the catheter the tip was sent to the microbiology lab for culture via roll plate method Results Seal integrity by visual inspection was maintained for a range of days days mean of days a median of days and a mode of days Among the catheters that were cultured in the microbiology laboratory one demonstrated bacterial colonization Conclusion octyl cyanoacrylate sealed the skin catheter insertion site for about days by visual inspection Further investigation is necessary to determine if use of this skin adhesive leads to reductions in the rate of catheter colonization and CLABSI
Maternal Exercise Improves the Metabolic Health of Adult Offspring

The intrauterine environment can modulate the course of development and confer an enduring effect on offspring health. The effects of maternal diet to impair offspring metabolic health are well established, but the effects of maternal exercise on offspring metabolic health have been less defined. Because physical exercise is a treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), maternal exercise is an appealing intervention to positively influence the intrauterine environment and improve the metabolic health of offspring. Recent research has provided insights into the effects of maternal exercise on the metabolic health of adult offspring, which is the focus of this review.
An empirical look at cross-target correlation in bistatic SAR images

Bistatic Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Automatic target recognition (ATR) is directly related to how similar targets appear at a given bistatic angle. We investigate the correlation coefficient between bistatic SAR images of opposing targets at various bistatic angles to analyze the effect of bistatic angle on ATR. Results using civilian vehicle targets and an EM simulator demonstrate the value of bistatic perspectives in discriminating between targets. We find that targets often appear less similar at bistatic perspectives than they do at the corresponding monostatic perspective.
A Historical Framework

The analyses presented in this book rely on the periodization established for Kodiak culture history. Developed over the past 60 years, the framework was first roughed out by Hrdlicka (1944; see Heizer, 1956; de Laguna, 1946) and was further refined in the 1960s with the University of Wisconsin’s Aleut-Koniag Project and related research (Clark, 1956,1960,1966a, 1966b, 1970a, 1970b, 1974a, 1974b; Laughlin and Reeder, 1962; Workman, 1966). The framework has seen no significant changes since Clark first documented the Ocean Bay period in 1963 (Clark, 1966a; 1974b). In various publications over the past 40 years, he has refined the culture history, characterizing the material culture, subsistence economy, and geographic variability of each period and phase (Clark, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984b, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1992a, 1992b, 1994, 1996, 1997).1 In the past two decades, Clark and other researchers have targeted the cultural and ethnic significance of transitions between periods (Clark, 1992b, 1997; Dumond, 1988a, 1994; Jordan and Knecht, 1988; Knecht, 1995). Also, a few studies have begun to consider issues of hunter-gatherer lifeways at different times in the past (Donta, 1993, 1994; Saltonstall 1995, 1996, 1997; Simon and Steffian 1994; Steffian 1992a, 1992b, Steffian and Saltonstall 2001; Steffian et al 1998).
Have a go at it

In safe learning environments, learners are invited (and encouraged) to take risks without fear of ridicule or retribution. We need to make it comfortable for our students to try out and strengthen their new skills, both independently and in the company of others. As I write this, I’m having scary flashbacks of a time when I took a risk in an unsafe learning environment.
Multiple sclerosis relapse presenting as an acute cardiomyopathy

Multiple sclerosis is increasingly being recognized in association with cardiovascular dysfunction, which can manifest with cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema (Kaplan et al., 2015), orthostasis (Kaplan et al., 2015) and other complications. Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a syndrome of acute-onset ventricular dysfunction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, which on rare occasion has been observed in the setting of demyelinated plaques in the brainstem. We report on two cases of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with medullary demyelination secondary to multiple sclerosis.
Mother Knows Best: Deciphering the Antibacterial Properties of Human Milk Oligosaccharides

ConspectusThis Account describes the risky proposition of organizing a multidisciplinary team to interrogate a challenging problem in chemical biology: characterizing how human milk, at the molecular level, protects infants from infectious diseases. At the outset, our initial hypothesis was that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) possess antimicrobial and antivirulence activities. Early on, we discovered that HMOs do indeed modulate bacterial growth and biofilm production for numerous bacterial pathogens. In light of this discovery, three priorities emerged for our program moving forward. The first was to decode the mode of action behind this activity. The second was to decipher the functional effects of HMO structural diversity as there are ca. 200 unique HMOs present in human milk. Finally, we set our sights on discovering novel uses for HMOs as we believed this would uniquely position our team to achieve a major breakthrough in human health and wellness.Through a combination of fractionation techniques...
Eosinophilic bronchitis, eosinophilic granuloma, and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in 75 dogs (2006-2016)

Author(s): Johnson, Lynelle R; Johnson, Eric G; Hulsebosch, Sean E; Dear, Jonathan D; Vernau, William | Abstract: BackgroundEosinophilic lung disease is a poorly understood inflammatory airway disease that results in substantial morbidity.ObjectiveTo describe clinical findings in dogs with eosinophilic lung disease defined on the basis of radiographic, bronchoscopic, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) analysis. Categories included eosinophilic bronchitis (EB), eosinophilic granuloma (EG), and eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP).AnimalsSeventy-five client owned dogs.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs with idiopathic BAL fluid eosinophilia. Information abstracted included duration and nature of clinical signs, bronchoscopic findings, and laboratory data. Thoracic radiographs were evaluated for the pattern of infiltrate, bronchiectasis, and lymphadenomegaly.ResultsThoracic radiographs were normal or demonstrated a bronchial pattern in 31 dogs assigned a diagnosis of EB. Nine dogs had intraluminal mass lesions and were bronchoscopically diagnosed with EG. The remaining 35 dogs were categorized as having EBP based on radiographic changes, yellow green mucus in the airways, mucosal changes, and airway collapse. Age and duration of cough did not differ among groups. Dogs with EB were less likely to have bronchiectasis or peripheral eosinophilia, had lower total nucleated cell count in BAL fluid, and lower percentage of eosinophils in BAL fluid compared to dogs in the other 2 groups. In contrast to previous reports, prolonged survival (g55 months) was documented in dogs with EG.Conclusions and clinical importanceDogs with eosinophilic lung disease can be categorized based on imaging, bronchoscopic and BAL fluid cytologic findings. Further studies are needed to establish response to treatment in these groups.
Upstream With A Small Paddle: How ACOs Are Working Against The Current To Meet Patients' Social Needs.

Despite interest in addressing social determinants of health to improve patient outcomes, little progress has been made in integrating social services with medical care. We aimed to understand how ...
Negative beliefs about the self prospectively predict eating disorder severity among undergraduate women.

Abstract Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and eating disorders (EDs) are highly comorbid. Negative self-portrayal, or ‘perceived flaws in the self,’ is a key feature of SAD and consists of three self-critical aspects that are presumed to be flawed: social competence, physical appearance, and signs of anxiety. Negative self-portrayal has yet to be studied among EDs, despite research suggesting that individuals with EDs have a greater negative self-image and self-criticism. The identification of negative self-portrayal as a shared risk factor for SAD and EDs may have important implications for both prevention and treatment. The current study (N = 300 undergraduate women) aimed to extend negative self-portrayal theory to the EDs. We found that several aspects of negative self-portrayal were related to ED severity and that physical appearance concerns predicted subsequent ED severity. In a cross-sectional model of shared vulnerability, we found that physical appearance concerns were a shared correlate of SAD and ED symptoms. In a prospective shared vulnerability model, we found that (a) physical appearance prospectively predicted ED severity and (b) symptoms of SAD prospectively predicted all aspects of negative self-portrayal. Concerns about flaws in appearance should be targeted in the treatment of EDs, as this aspect of negative self-portrayal was shown to predict subsequent ED severity. Future research should further investigate the theory of negative self-portrayal as it pertains to EDs.
On the calculation of local invariants of irreducible characters

Abstract Let K be a finite extension of the field Q p of p-adic numbers. Let χ be an irreducible character of a finite group whose values are in K. Associated with χ and K is an element of the Brauer group of K, and therefore by standard results a local invariant in Q / Z . The paper defines some classes of finite groups, that the paper calls p-basic groups, and gives formulas to calculate the local invariant of their characters. It also shows how one can calculate the local invariant of any irreducible character of any finite group that has values in K by reducing the problem to the case where the groups are p-basic and using the explicit formulas given in the paper.
Concept Design of Active Shielding for Dynamic Wireless Charging of Light-duty EV

Dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles is a flexible and state of the art charging technology with the potential capability of enabling fully automated in-motion charging. With charging power increasing to more than 100 kW for light duty vehicles, electromagnetic field (EMF) emission becomes a critical challenge. Due to the high costs of ferrite materials, this paper proposes an active shielding solution with multiple canceling coils installed on the ground side to supplement ferrite passive shielding to ensure electromagnetic safety. Two canceling coils are designed on two sides of the ground side coil. The canceling coils are small in size and 180 degree opposite in phase to the ground coil. Simulation and modeling shows that the canceling coils can reduce EMF emission from 37.2 μT to 1S.2 μT at 0. Sm during 100 kW operation with only 2.5% of ground side current flowing in the canceling coils. These results have been preliminarily verified by inductance measurements and magnetic field measurement at 1.1 m distance without canceling coils. By further increasing the canceling coils’ currents to 4%, EMF emission can also be mitigated at 200 kW, although the canceling coils’ shape, position, and phase angle can be further optimized to improve the threedimensional field distribution.
Biopolymer-nanotube nerve guidance conduit drug delivery for peripheral nerve regeneration: In vivo structural and functional assessment.

Abstract Peripheral nerve injuries account for roughly 3% of all trauma patients with over 900,000 repair procedures annually in the US. Of all extremity peripheral nerve injuries, 51% require nerve repair with a transected gap. The current gold-standard treatment for peripheral nerve injuries, autograft repair, has several shortcomings. Engineered constructs are currently only suitable for short gaps or small diameter nerves. Here, we investigate novel nerve guidance conduits with aligned microchannel porosity that deliver sustained-release of neurogenic 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) for peripheral nerve regeneration in a critical-size (15 mm) rat sciatic nerve transection model. The results of functional walking track analysis, morphometric evaluations of myelin development, and histological assessments of various markers confirmed the equivalency of our drug-conduit with autograft controls. Repaired nerves showed formation of thick myelin, presence of S100 and neurofilament markers, and promising functional recovery. The conduit's aligned microchannel architecture may play a vital role in physically guiding axons for distal target reinnervation, while the sustained release of 4-AP may increase nerve conduction, and in turn synaptic neurotransmitter release and upregulation of critical Schwann cell neurotrophic factors. Overall, our nerve construct design facilitates efficient and efficacious peripheral nerve regeneration via a drug delivery system that is feasible for clinical applications.
Retrieval, re-ranking, and multi-task learning for knowledge-base question answering

Question answering over knowledge bases (KBQA) usually involves three sub-tasks, namely topic entity detection, entity linking and relation detection. Due to the large number of entities and relations inside knowledge bases (KB), previous work usually utilized sophisticated rules to narrow down the search space and managed only a subset of KBs in memory. In this work, we leverage a \textit{retrieve-and-rerank} framework to access KBs via traditional information retrieval (IR) method, and re-rank retrieved candidates with more powerful neural networks such as the pre-trained BERT model. Considering the fact that directly assigning a different BERT model for each sub-task may incur prohibitive costs, we propose to share a BERT encoder across all three sub-tasks and define task-specific layers on top of the shared layer. The unified model is then trained under a multi-task learning framework. Experiments show that: (1) Our IR-based retrieval method is able to collect high-quality candidates efficiently, thus enables our method adapt to large-scale KBs easily; (2) the BERT model improves the accuracy across all three sub-tasks; and (3) benefiting from multi-task learning, the unified model obtains further improvements with only 1/3 of the original parameters. Our final model achieves competitive results on the SimpleQuestions dataset and superior performance on the FreebaseQA dataset.
Which lives matter in reproductive biomedicine

Abstract The most recent Black Lives Matter moment provides an important opportunity for consideration of the interlocking social and political systems that contribute to ongoing racism and racial inequality. What does this mean in the context of reproductive biomedicine? Which lives do reproductive biomedicine devalue and how? In this commentary, I address why reproductive biomedicine is an important site for reflection on race, and how the Reproductive Justice Movement calls on us to shift our thinking. I argue for the need to recognize the deep connections between reproductive biomedicine and eugenics, and then offer some examples of racialization in reproductive biomedicine through assisted reproductive technology. Finally, I consider what steps practitioners might take to be part of the change for which this Black Lives Matter moment calls.
Death on every weekend

This essay is a personal account of situations experienced by a medical technician in a large emergency room. It includes examples of stressful situations that daily confront medical personnel and the inability of medical institutions to aid them in understanding and coping with death and.dying. Stemming from these stressful situations, the paper illustrates the importance of the need for medical institutions to pay direct attention to the stressful topic of death itself if the medical personnel are to work efficiently in an environment where death and dying are everyday occurrences. Although some institutions do offer in-service sessions to nurses, these services are far and few between. But the stress for all medical personnel remains high, and there remains an unfulfilled need to teach effective thanatological techniques to all medical personnel.
Space-time group codes

We consider the design of space-time constellations based on group codes for fading channels with multiple transmit and receive antennas. These codes can be viewed as multi-antenna extensions of phase-shift keying, in the sense that all codewords have equal energy, all are rotations of a fixed codeword, and there is a simple differential transmission rule that allows data to be sent without channel estimates at the transmitter or receiver. For coherent detection, we show that all optimal full-rank space-time group codes are unitary (each code matrix has equal-energy, orthogonal rows). This leads to a simpler code design criterion and shows that unitary codes play an important role in coherent as well as noncoherent communication. For any number of transmit antennas t, we use the design criterion to characterize all full-rank unitary group codes of minimum blocklength (also t) with 2/sup p/ codewords. In principle, these results allow us to determine all optimal unitary group codes with square code matrices, which matches the class of codes proposed recently for differential modulation.
ENVIRON: visualization of CAD models in a virtual reality environment

This paper presents ENVIRON (ENvironment for VIRtual Objects Navigation), an application that was developed motivated by the necessity of using Virtual Reality in large industrial engineering models coming from CAD (Computer Aided Design) tools. This work analyzes the main problems related to the production of a VR model, derived from the CAD model.
Transduction and Genetic Homology Between Pseudomonas Species putida and aeruginosa

Genetic crosses occur by transduction between the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. putida. The frequency relative to intraspecific transfer is reduced and varies among markers, suggesting that these genomes contain discrete regions of homology and nonhomology.
Picturing Nature, Producing Science

The Body of the Artisan Art and Experience in the Scientific Revolution. by Pamela H. Smith. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2004. 377 pp. $35, £24.50. ISBN 0-226-76399-4. Smith explores the synergy among art, craft, and science in the 16th and early 17th centuries to build an argument that in its early stages modern science owed much to the skills and knowledge of artisans and artists.
Monopoles in Pulsar PSR 1929+10

Using x-ray observations of old radio pulsars, especially PSR 1929+10, one can derive a very stringent bound on the flux of monopoles times cross-section for catalysis, viz., (F/cm−2 s−1 sr−1) × (σ v/10−28cm2) ⩽ 6.7 × 10−22. If the monopoles captured by the main sequence progenitor are also included, the limit improves by about 6 orders-of-magnitude.
Power efficient broadcast scheduling with delay deadlines

In this paper, we present a framework for the design of minimal power schedulers that satisfy average packet delay bounds for multiple users in a Gaussian wireless broadcast channel. We completely characterize the achievable region in the multidimensional delay-power space, and present schedulers that achieve the boundary regions. The optimal schedulers minimize the transmission power by jointly allocating rate and power to the different users based on various buffer and channel conditions. Finally, we also present low complexity scheduler designs that have near optimal performance.
Tufted Cell Dendrodendritic Inhibition in the Olfactory Bulb Is Dependent on NMDA Receptor Activity

Mitral and tufted cells constitute the primary output cells of the olfactory bulb. While tufted cells are often considered as "displaced" mitral cells, their actual role in olfactory bulb processing has been little explored. We examined dendrodendritic inhibition between tufted cells and interneurons using whole cell voltage-clamp recording. Dendrodendritic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) generated by depolarizing voltage steps in tufted cells were completely blocked by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D,L-2amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D,L-AP5), whereas the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist 2-3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f] quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX) had no effect. Tufted cells in the external plexiform layer (EPL) and in the periglomerular region (PGR) showed similar behavior. These results indicate that NMDA receptor-mediated excitation of interneurons drives inhibition of tufted cells at dendrodendritic synapses as it does in mitral cells. However, the spatial extent of lateral inhibition in tufted cells was much more limited than in mitral cells. We suggest that the sphere of influence of tufted cells, while qualitatively similar to mitral cells, is centered on only one or a few glomeruli.
Joint composite estimating functions in spatiotemporal models

Summary. Modelling of spatiotemporal processes has received considerable attention in recent statistical research. However, owing to the high dimensionality of the data, the joint modelling of spatial and temporal processes presents a great computational challenge, in both likelihood-based and Bayesian approaches. We propose a joint composite estimating function approach to estimating spatiotemporal covariance structures. This substantially reduces the computational complexity and is more efficient than existing composite likelihood methods. The novelty of the proposed joint composite estimating function is rooted in the construction of three sets of estimating functions from spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal cross-pairs, which results in overidentified estimating functions. Thus, we form a joint inference function in a spirit that is similar to Hansen's generalized method of moments. We show that under practical scenarios the estimator proposed is consistent and asymptotically normal. Simulation studies prove that our method performs well in finite samples. Finally, we illustrate the joint composite estimating function method by estimating the spatiotemporal dependence structure of airborne particulates (PM10) in the north-eastern USA over a 32-month period.
Review Essay: The Antiglobalisation Paradox – Freedom to Enter into Binding International Law is Real Freedom

In The Globalization Paradox, Dani Rodrik sets up what he calls a policy trilemma among hyperglobalisation, democracy and autonomy. This trilemma is best understood as a trade-off between national autonomy and rules that promote globalisation. However, a contractual perspective on international law – recognising that states use international law to make exchanges of policy autonomy in ways that enhance each consenting state's welfare – suggests that there is no real trade-off between national autonomy and international legal rules that promote globalisation. The antiglobalisation paradox is that these rules of international law may be seen as an expression of national autonomy. There is no trilemma, and even the trade-off between national autonomy and globalisation must be understood instead as a trade-off between two ways of promoting national welfare: one through autarchy and the other through international legal exchange. It then becomes apparent that a bias in favour of autarchy is mistaken, as it inappropriately limits the ways in which governments may promote national welfare. Furthermore, international law does not necessarily need, at the international level, the same types of mechanisms for democratic accountability that are required at the national level, because states consent to international law through their national democratic processes. Globalisation can take place through international legal rules that have appropriate democratic credentials and that leave in place appropriate national autonomy.
Land use before zoning: The case of 1920's Chicago

Abstract Attempting to mitigate the negative externalities associated with mixed land use, most major US cities passed comprehensive zoning ordinances in the 1920's. Modern analysts suggest that more exclusionary motives account for zoning's widespread popularity. We document the extent to which land use was mixed before Chicago adopted its first zoning ordinance. We find numerous instances where manufacturing and commercial lots were present on residential blocks. Mixed land use was most prevalent in older areas of the city and in areas where it caused little harm—along major streets and near public transportation.
Needs and perceived needs of electronic workstations by engineering project managers

Abstract This paper investigates the requirements of engineering project managers and how they relate to the electronic workstation. The conclusions are based on a survey made in the Central Florida area with project managers from a variety of industries.
A Spin-Probe Study of the Modification of the Hydration of SDS Micelles by Insertion of Sugar-Based Nonionic Surfactant Molecules

The spin-probe detected polarity index H(25 °C) of SDS micelles decreases linearly with the number of inserted sugar-based nonionic surfactant molecules. This decrease is interpreted as being due to the expulsion of water molecules by the sugar groups from the polar shell surrounding the hydrocarbon core of the dodecyl micelle. Employing the geometrical model described in the companion paper immediately preceding this work, the effective volume of water expulsion is found to be similar to the volume of the sugar groups after taking into account that the OH bonds of the sugar groups also contribute to the polarity index H(25 °C). The estimate of the hydration of pure SDS micelles as a function of their aggregation number from these studies with the spin probe 16 doxylstearic acid methyl ester is similar to that with 5 doxylstearic acid methyl ester. This confirms that both spin probes are located similarly in the polar shell.
Extensions and Violations of the Statutory Sec Form 10-K Filing Requirements

Abstract We present evidence that 20 percent of the 10-Ks in our sample are filed with the SEC after the 90-day statutory due date. Firms that delay filing their 10-K are not a random sample of firms; up to 25 (10) percent of the firms experiencing unfavorable (favorable) economic events delay their 10-K. Firms that delay their 10-K are, on average, small, have negative accounting rates of return, negative earnings changes, low liquidity, and high financial leverage; they also experience negative market- adjusted stock returns.
Massive fermions in lattice gauge theory

This paper presents a formulation of lattice fermions applicable to all quark masses, large and small. We incorporate interactions from previous light-fermion and heavy-fermion methods, and thus ensure a smooth connection to these limiting cases. The couplings in improved actions are obtained for arbitrary fermion mass m{sub q}, without expansions around small- or large-mass limits. We treat both the action and external currents. By interpreting on-shell improvement criteria through the lattice theory{close_quote}s Hamiltonian, one finds that cutoff artifacts factorize into the form b{sub n}(m{sub q}a)[{bold p}a]{sup s{sub n}} where {bold p} is a momentum characteristic of the system under study, s{sub n} is related to the dimension of the nth interaction, and b{sub n}(m{sub q}a) is a bounded function, numerically always of order 1 or less. In heavy-quark systems {bold p} is typically rather smaller than the fermion mass m{sub q}. Therefore, artifacts of order (m{sub q}a){sup s} do not arise, even when m{sub q}a{approx_gt}1. An important by-product of our analysis is an interpretation of the Wilson and Sheikholeslami-Wohlert actions applied to nonrelativistic fermions. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Oxygen requirement for prostaglandin biosynthesis.

The formation of prostaglandins by vesicular gland cyclooxygenase can be regulated by 02 concentrations below 30 11% (20 mm Hg) with an apparent Km value of about 5 PM. This result suggests that most mammalian tissues might be expected normally to have sufficient 02 for some synthesis, and that only occasionally, would the level of oxygen available within some tissues become marginally inadequate to sustain a high rate of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
Representation: Metrics for Analyzing Sketches — A Critical Survey

Sketches are used in design research experiments by various researchers to draw inferences with respect to creativity, representation use, solution quality, and other research goals. Numerous different metrics, such as quantity, sketch quality, and solution quality, are used by the researchers to analyze sketches. This paper presents a survey of the metrics used in the design research community. Characteristics developed by the authors to evaluate these metrics are used to compare the metrics. Further, an initial attempt to identify a relation between type of research approach and characteristics of the metrics is then reported to test the hypothesis that a mature research field would include canonically accepted metrics for experimental studies. The findings indicate that current literature does not provide any formal definition of metrics that are widely accepted in the community. The findings from correlations indicate a general trend of using objective metrics for qualitative research and subjective metrics for mixed method approach. Ultimately, this work lays the foundation for a more systematic approach to evaluating engineering design sketches through critical selection of metrics.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Mutation in Mpzl3, a Gene Encoding a Predicted the Adhesion Protein, in the Rough Coat (rc) Mice with Severe Skin and Hair Abnormalities

The rough coat (rc), an autosomal-recessive mutation, arose spontaneously in C57BL/6J mice. Homozygous rc mice develop severe skin and hair abnormalities, including cyclic and progressive hair loss and sebaceous gland hypertrophy. The rc locus was previously mapped to Chromosome 9. To elucidate the genetic basis underlying the rc phenotype development, we carried out positional cloning, and mapped the rc locus to a 246-kb interval. We identified a missense mutation within a novel open reading frame in the rc/rc mice, which is predicted to encode a cell adhesion molecule with the highest homology to myelin protein zero (MPZ) and myelin protein zero-like 2 (MPZL2, also called epithelial V-like antigen). We therefore named this gene Mpzl3 (myelin protein zero-like 3). The mutation in the rc/rc mice occurred at a highly conserved residue within the conserved Ig-like V-type domain, thus likely altering the MPZL3 protein function. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed expression of the Mpzl3 gene in various adult organs, including the skin. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we detected MPZL3 protein in the keratinocytes and sebocytes in the skin. Results from this study identified a novel gene encoding a predicted adhesion protein whose mutation in the rc/rc mice likely caused the rc phenotype.
Estimating annual precipitation for the Colorado River Basin using oceanic-atmospheric oscillations

[1] Estimating long-lead time precipitation under the stress of increased climatic variability is a challenging task in the field of hydrology. A modified Support Vector Machine (SVM) based framework is proposed to estimate annual precipitation using oceanic-atmospheric oscillations. Oceanic-atmospheric oscillations, consisting of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for a period of 1900–2008, are used to generate annual precipitation estimates with a 1 year lead time. The SVM model is applied to 17 climate divisions encompassing the Colorado River Basin in the western United States. The overall results revealed that the annual precipitation in the Colorado River Basin is significantly influenced by oceanic-atmospheric oscillations. The long-term precipitation predictions for the Upper Colorado River Basin can be successfully obtained using a combination of PDO, NAO, and AMO indices, whereas coupling AMO and ENSO results in improved precipitation predictions for the Lower Colorado River Basin. The results also show that the SVM model provides better precipitation estimates compared to the Artificial Neural Network and Multivariate Linear Regression models. The annual precipitation estimates obtained using the modified SVM modeling framework may assist water managers in statistically understanding the hydrologic response in relation to large scale climate patterns within the Colorado River Basin.
Factor utilization in Mexico's border industrialization program

This paper examines the factor proportions characteristics of northern Mexico's rapidly growing border industrialization program, which has been promoted by policies in both the United States and in Mexico. A comparison of border industries with Mexican domestic regional industries suggests that Mexico's foreign-owned border industries (maquiladoras) are more labor intensive than has previously been assumed for such export enclave operations. It is therefore concluded that Mexico's border industrialization conforms to the patterns predicted by industry and product life cycle theory.
An adaptable spectroelectrochemical titrator: the midpoint reduction potential of the iron-sulfur center in lysine 2,3-aminomutase.

Abstract Elaborations to an earlier design of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroelectrochemical titrator are described. While maintaining the anaerobic capabilities of the original design, a number of modifications and revisions have been introduced. The most significant modification is the use of a detachable spectral cell, making the apparatus modular and adaptable for multiple forms of spectroscopy. Additional modifications include removable reference, auxiliary, and working electrodes; modifications to facilitate sample transfer; and adaptations for operation within an anaerobic chamber. This apparatus has been used successfully in the coulometric titration of a [4Fe–4S] enzyme, as measured by EPR spectroscopy. The midpoint reduction potential for the 2+/1+ couple in the [4Fe–4S] cluster of lysine 2,3-aminomutase is −479 ± 5 mV, a value that falls within the range typical of ferredoxin-like iron–sulfur clusters.
In Defense of the Argumentativeness and Verbal Aggressiveness Scales

The Argumentativeness (ARG) Scale and Verbal Aggressiveness Scale have been used in hundreds of studies over the past quarter century. As expected, psychometric research has examined their validity. Although this article focuses on recent criticisms by Kotowski, Levine, Baker, and Bolt, some major points refute earlier criticisms. This article argues that (a) a large body of research demonstrates validity of the scales, (b) dimensionality of the scales is quite unequivocal, (c) argumentative presumption favors using the original scales (unless and until newer scales demonstrate statistically significant greater criterion variance), (d) critics of the ARG Scale's predictive validity have failed to include 4 situational components of argumentativeness theory in their testing, (e) both scales are designed and supposed to measure extensive sets of relevant behaviors over time, not individual behaviors observed once, and (f) statistical inference cannot confirm nulls, so critics' claims of "no correlation" bet...
Medium energy probes and the interacting boson model of nuclei.

The Glauber approximation for medium energy scattering of hadronic projectiles from nuclei is combined with the interacting boson model of nuclei to produce a transition matrix for elastic and inelastic scattering in algebraic form which includes coupling to all the intermediate states. We present closed form analytic expressions for the transition matrix elements for the three dynamical symmetries of the interacting boson model. We show the effect of channel coupling on the elastic and inelastic differential cross sections for proton scattering on nuclei which behave like a spherical quadrupole vibrator, a \ensuremath{\gamma}-unstable rotor, and both prolate and oblate axially symmetric rotors.
Hospital ownership and the care of uninsured and Medicaid patients: findings from the National Hospital Discharge Survey 1979-1984.

Abstract From 1980 to 1984 Americans with no health insurance increased from 13.9% to 17.1% of the non-elderly population. Non-elderly persons covered by Medicaid declined from 6.2% to 5.6%. Previous studies of the share of the burden of uncompensated care borne by various provider groups present opposing findings. The National Hospital Discharge survey data presented here demonstrate that for-profit hospitals serve significantly lower percentages of uninsured discharges than secular or church-affiliated non-profit hospitals and public hospitals. The same pattern of differentials is observed with respect to Medicaid. On the whole the results of the survey tend to support the argument that private non-profit hospitals do indeed render greater public services in treating indigent patients than do for-profit hospitals. It must also be emphasized, however, that the results show all private hospitals falling somewhat short of the standard set by public hospitals in treating indigents. Thus, the continued shrinkage of the public hospital sector has serious. policy implications.
Postglacial vegetation on Umnak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Abstract Pollen analyses of a peat section, 9,945 ± 320 radiocarbon years of age from Umnak Island in the eastern Aleutians, point to a tripartite sequence of postglacial plant communities beginning with a sedge-grass tundra, followed by an interval of willow dominance (8,500 – 3,500 years ago), and ending with a grass-sedge tundra.
Quantifying the water inventory of machining processes

Abstract Owing to the limited availability of freshwater, manufacturing water usage will attract more and more attention. Characterizing water usage represents a key first step to reduce manufacturing water consumption. In this paper a general approach for developing life cycle water inventory of machining processes is presented with focus on direct water usage and indirect water usage due to energy consumption. The approach is demonstrated using three representative processes i.e. turning, milling, and drilling. It is found that direct water usage (due to flood application of metalworking fluids) is comparable in size with indirect water usage (due to electricity consumption).