cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crime in the Movies: Investigating the Efficacy of Measures of Both Sex and Gender for Predicting Victimization and Offending in Film

In the wake of several recent school shootings claims have been made that teens, particularly males, learn violence from the media. This paper investigates depictions of criminals and victims in film, specifically in reference to the gendered nature of violent crime, utilizing a content analysis of popular domestic movies in 1996. We develop a gender measure that is separate and distinct from sex in order to test the relationship between both variables and movie offending and victimization. In our sample, masculinity was significantly related to both movie offending and victimization, but sex was not. This pattern of results indicate that the media may be influential in establishing values that accept violence as one means to accomplish masculinity.
Effects of adding fat to the sow lactation diet on lactation and rebreeding performance.

One-hundred-three multiparous sows were randomly assigned to one of two lactation diets containing either no supplemental animal fat (C) or 10% added fat (F) during two seasons, summer (S) and winter (W), in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Sows were placed on their respective dietary treatments 1 wk prior to farrowing and were fed these diets ad libitum throughout the 28-d lactation period. Weekly feed intake and total feed intake were not affected by diet or season, while weekly metabolizable energy (ME) intake tended to be higher during week 1 and 3, and was higher (P less than .04) during wk 2 for sows fed diet F. Sow weight loss from farrowing to 21 d of lactation and to weaning (28 d) were unaffected by diet or season. Average pig birth weight was .15 kg higher (P less than .01) for pigs born during S compared with those born in W. Sows receiving diet F had heavier litters at 21 d (P less than .01) and heavier average pig 21-d weights (P less than .01). This was primarily due to the 13.1% increase (P less than .04) in estimated milk yield and the higher fat concentration (P less than .001) of milk consumed by the pigs nursing sows fed diet F. Interval between weaning and rebreeding was shortened by 5.9 d (P less than .01) for sows during W than during S, and tended to be lower for sows fed diet F (7.3 d) compared with that of sows fed diet C (9.7 d).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Virtual Bone Surgery

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies provide a realistic, safe, and controllable environment for novice surgeons to practice surgical operations, allowing them to make mistakes without serious consequences, which have been changing the world of surgical training and practice. This book chapter focuses on methodologies and applications of utilizing VR techniques for bone surgical simulations. First, the current state of the surgical simulation, including a brief history and some recent typical studies, is reviewed. Then, the key technologies for developing bone surgery simulation systems are identified. Furthermore, the basic methods and techniques used to develop such surgical simulation systems are clarified in detail, including medical image processing and segmentation, geometric modeling and data manipulation, graphic rendering, haptic rendering, and auditory rendering. Finally, a chapter summary and some future research needs are presented.
Tonic Seizures in Animals

The classification of tonic seizures falls under the “generalized” seizure category, implying an alteration of consciousness, and originating bilaterally. Tonic seizures are usually short duration (less than 1 min), and characterized by rapid onset, and increased muscle tone in extensor muscles. This causes a fall if the patient is not seated. Postictal depression is common, with associated headache and confusion. Tonic seizures are a frequent feature of the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, along with other seizure types. The Lennox–Gastaut syndrome represents as many as 4% of all childhood epilepsies (Kramer et al. 1998). Tonic seizures are the most prevalent seizure type in Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, accounting for more than one-half of seizures (Aicardi 1988).
A Critique of Queer Phenomenology: Gender and the Sexual

ABSTRACTThis article critiques Sara Ahmed’s queer phenomenology in light of psychoanalytic theory of sexuality. I argue that there is a conspicuous absence of the unconscious, sexuality, and fantas...
Review: Electric Light: An Architectural History, by Sandy Isenstadt

Sandy Isenstadt Electric Light: An Architectural History Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2018, 304 pp., 27 color and 109 b/w illus. $44.95 (cloth), ISBN 9780262038171 Aaron V. Wunsch and Joseph E. B. Elliott Palazzos of Power: Central Stations of the Philadelphia Electric Company 1900–1930 New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2016, 160 pp., 124 b/w illus. $29.95 (cloth), ISBN 9781616895006 “A bicycle shed is a building. Lincoln Cathedral is a piece of architecture,” Nikolaus Pevsner famously wrote at the beginning of his Outline of European Architecture .1 The two books under review, both of which deal in various ways with electricity and architecture, offer compelling evidence of how far the study of architectural history has moved away from Pevsner's formulation. Beyond this, the books diverge. Sandy Isenstadt's Electric Light is a series of meditations on the way electrical lighting has altered both the built environment and our perception of it. In contrast, Palazzos of Power , with text by Aaron V. Wunsch and images by Joseph E. B. Elliott, is a case study of a single building type erected by a single company in a single urban area over a narrow time span. It is probably best to think of Palazzos of Power as a portfolio of photographs. It includes a short but eloquent foreword by David Nye, the peerless chronicler of the history of technology, who puts the subject into a broad historical perspective. Wunsch contributes an informative essay that discusses in more detail the history of the Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO), the technology it employed, the buildings it erected, and the two men most responsible for the buildings pictured in the book, namely, company engineer William C. L. Eglin and the Philadelphia architect John T. Windrim. According to Wunsch, PECO was the result of a series of mergers that took place during a period of tumultuous technological change in the electrical industry. The result was a unified power company for the Philadelphia region, one of the country's most heavily industrialized urban areas. As the company grew, it became clear that the power stations located in the city center and using direct current for transmission were insufficient to …
Decision Tool for Predicting Outcomes in Geriatric Acute Mesenteric Ischemia.

Acute mesenteric ischemia is a morbid disease process that is most common in elderly patients who often have multiple medical comorbidities. Intervention can progress to costly and futile care. The goal of this study was to develop a tool for practitioners to assess the risk of mortality. Patients treated at our institution over the past decade diagnosed with acute mesenteric ischemia were identified. Patients aged less than 65 years were excluded. Data were collected by retrospective chart review. Univariate analysis was used to identify significant risk factors for death. Decision tree analysis yielded a prognostic tool to assess death risk. Univariate analysis demonstrated that lactate (P ≤ 0.001) and pressor requirement (P ≤ 0.001) were predictive of death. Decision tree analysis showed that 79 per cent of patients with day of surgery (DOS) lactate ≥5.4 died postoperatively. Seventy per cent of patients with DOS lactate 1.18. Only 6.1 per cent patients with a DOS lactate <5.4, creatinine <1.54, and no pressor requirement progressed to death. Several variables can be used to set expectations for families and help guide decision-making. Our tool was predictive of outcomes in 82 per cent of our study population.
Religiosity and modesty: how veiled Muslim women in the United States define modest activewear

The purpose of this study was to explore 1) how veiled Muslim in the United States define modest activewear and their barriers to purchasing this clothing, and 2) how consumers' purchasing behavior...
Arrhythmogenic Significance of Hypokalemia

Changes in extracellular potassium concentration can significantly impact electrophysiological properties of the myocardial cell membrane. Hypokalemia can hyperpolarize the resting potential, increase the rate of spontaneous depolarization during phase four, increase the rate of rise of the membrane potential during the upstroke of the action potential, prolong the plateau phase of depolarization, delay repolarization, and increase the duration of the refractory period. These changes increase automaticity of the myocardial cells and increase the rate of conduction of impulses through the myocardium. The mechanism by which arrhythmias are related to hypokalemia is incompletely understood, although it is likely that the enhancement of automaticity, increased conduction velocity and the delayed ventricular repolarization work synergistically to predispose the myocardium to reentrant forms of arrhythmias. Taken together, clinical studies support the existence of an strong, inverse relationship between plasma potassium concentration and frequency of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after myocardial infarction.
Response to The challenges of diagnosing heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19.

We thank May et al for their comments, expanding the number of reported cases of suspected and confirmed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) associated with COVID-19, and reemphasizing the complexity of the prothrombotic state observed (1). We agree that false-positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) detection of anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin antibodies could explain the results we observed in patients #2 and #3 (2), and this has been the conventional interpretation when functional testing (such as the serotonin-release assay [SRA]) returns negative. We suggested that a false negative SRA result could have explained our findings, as opposed to the contention by May et al that we concluded they were falsely positive, to broaden our discussion about SRA-negative HIT, a relatively new and evolving clinical condition (3-6).
A formal security analysis of ZigBee (1.0 and 3.0)

The rapid increase in the number of IoT devices in recent years indicates how much financial investment and efforts the tech-industries and the device manufacturers have put in. Unfortunately, this aggressive competition can give rise to poor quality IoT devices that are prone to adversarial attacks. To make matter worse, these attacks can compromise not only security but also safety, since an IoT device can directly operate on the physical world. Many recently reported attacks are due to the insecurity present in the underlying communication protocol stacks, and ZigBee is one of them. Considering the emergence and adoption of ZigBee 3.0 and the current market share of ZigBee 1.0, it is essential to study and analyze these protocol stacks at their specification level so that any insecurity at the specification level should be identified and fixed before they go into production. With that goal in mind, in this paper, we develop a model for ZigBee (1.0 and 3.0) and reason about its security properties using a security protocol verification tool (named Tamarin). Our model of ZigBee closely follows the ZigBee specification, and the security properties are derived from the ZigBee specification. We use Tamarin to verify these properties on our model and report our findings on ZigBee 1.0 and ZigBee 3.0.
Atrial Fibrillation with E-Cigarette Use in an Otherwise Healthy Adolescent Male

Background: Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia worldwide affecting up to six million American adults. It is a rare occurrence in the pediatric population. It is mostly associated with medication or toxin ingestion, metabolic disorders, congenital heart disease, or acquired heart conditions such as cardiomyopathy and mass lesions. We present a case of atrial fibrillation in a healthy adolescent male whose only risk factor was electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. Case Description: A healthy 16-year-old Caucasian male presented to the ED following an unwitnessed syncopal event at home. …
Characteristics and prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes admitted to the intensive care unit

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematologic disorders characterized by bone marrow failure and potential transformation into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Survival rates of approximately 45% at...
Lithium-Niobate-Based Frequency Combs

Lithium niobate (LN), widely used in optoelectronics, is an excellent photonic material with both large second order and third order nonlinearities., along with a wide optical transparency window. The recent advances in nanofabrication technology has enabled monolithic LN devices with high optical confinement, ultralow linear loss and efficient electro-optic (EO) interaction. The capabilities of integrating microwave control with both non-resonant waveguides and resonant-based low loss microring resonators allow for novel nonlinear photonic devices with advanced functionalities in a compact footprint. In this talk, I will review our recent developments of thin-film LN devices, including Kerr microcombs generation and soliton mode-locking, flat-top electro-optic frequency combs and femtosecond pulse generation based on EO modulators, highly efficient EO combs using coupled microresonators.
Deep-learning in situ classification of HIV-1 virion morphology.

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has a multitude of uses in biomedical imaging due to its ability to discern ultrastructure morphology at the nanometer scale. Through its ability to directly visualize virus particles, TEM has for several decades been an invaluable tool in the virologist’s toolbox. As applied to HIV-1 research, TEM is critical to evaluate activities of inhibitors that block the maturation and morphogenesis steps of the virus lifecycle. However, both the preparation and analysis of TEM micrographs requires time consuming manual labor. Through the dedicated use of computer vision frameworks and machine learning techniques, we have developed a convolutional neural network backbone of a two-stage Region Based Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) capable of identifying, segmenting and classifying HIV-1 virions at different stages of maturation and morphogenesis. Our results outperformed common RCNN backbones, achieving 80.0% mean Average Precision on a diverse set of micrographs comprising different experimental samples and magnifications. We expect that this tool will be of interest to a broad range of researchers.
The history of mathematics as a pedagogical tool: Teaching the integral of the secant via Mercator's projection

This article explores the use of the history of mathematics as a pedagogical tool for the teaching and learning of mathematics. In particular, we draw on the mathematically pedigreed but misunderstood development i of the Mercator projection and its connection to the integral of the secant function. We discuss the merits and the possible pitfalls of this approach based on a teaching module with undergraduate students. The appendices contain activities that can be implemented as an enrichment activity in a Calculus course.
Monitoring regional tissue oxygen extraction in neonates <1250 g helps identify transfusion thresholds independent of hematocrit

OBJECTIVE: We sought to characterize the effects of “booster” packed red blood cell transfusions on multisite regional oxygen saturation in very low birth weight neonates during the first postnatal week and to examine the utility of fractional tissue oxygen extraction as an estimate of tissue oxygenation adequacy. STUDY DESIGN: Data were collected in an observational near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) pilot survey of 500–1250 g neonates during the first postnatal week. A before-after analysis of “booster” transfusions, defined as empiric 15 mL/kg transfusion following 10 mL/kg cumulative phlebotomy losses, was conducted upon cardiopulmonary, laboratory, and spectroscopy data. RESULT: Ten neonates (gestational age 26 ± 0 wk; birth weight 879 ± 49 g) received 14 transfusions at 3 ± 0 postnatal days. Mean hematocrit increased from 35.2 ± 1.2 to 38.5 ± 1.2 %( P < 0.05) following transfusion; pH, base deficit, lactate, creatinine, and cardiopulmonary parameters were unchanged. Cerebral, renal, and splanchnic tissue oxygenation increased 10, 18, and 16%, with concomitant decreases in calculated oxygen extraction of 27, 30, and 9% (all P < 0.05), consistent with enhanced tissue oxygenation. These findings were not observed in a non-transfused comparison group of nine patients. CONCLUSION: “Booster” transfusions improved indices of regional tissue oxygenation while no departures were observed in conventional cardiovascular assessments. We speculate that NIRS-derived oxygenation parameters can provide an objective, graded, and continuous estimate of oxygen delivery-consumption balance not evident using standard monitoring techniques.
Putting the Correct "Spin" on Lucas

The Supreme Court decided Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council1 on the last day of the October 1991 Term, the same day it decided Planned Parenthood v. Casey.2 Court watchers had anxiously anticipated what most thought would be two landmark decisions: Casey was expected to strip abortion of its constitutional protection, while Lucas threatened to impose huge financial liabilities on governments that propagate environmental regulations violating the Fifth Amendment's ban on takings of private property without "just compensation."3 Reactions to the two rulings, juxtaposed against one another, verged on the comical. In less time than it took to read either opinion, pro-choice organizations condemned a decision that was in fact better than most had anticipated,4 and environmentalists declared victory based on an opinion that appeared more troubling than expected to those interested in takings issues.5 Although taking opposite stands with respect to their relative success, both groups were applying the lessons of political campaign "spin doctors" to the interpretation of Supreme Court rulings.
The Optimal Redemption Schedule of Serial Municipal Debt: A Dynamic Reconciliation of Revenues, Reinvestment Rates and the Term Structure

The purpose of our research is to developan algorithm that optimally schedules municipaldebt redemptions. It is our hypothesis thatsegmented investor demand, the existing termstructure, the temporal behavior of municipalproject revenues and reinvestment opportunitiesfor interim revenue surpluses are all factorswhich should impact the optimal debt schedulingproblem in a unique and economically meaningfulway. For example, investor preference for shortermaturities and an upward sloping term structureof interest rates should, ceteris paribus,increase the proportion of debt scheduled to berepaid early in the redemption horizon. Ifinvestor demand is limited to a relatively smallgeographic area, such limited demand should bereflected in higher yields. If municipal projectrevenues increase over time then a largerproportion of the debt should be scheduled to beredeemed later. Unfortunately, realisticacknowledgements of the nature of the municipaldebt financing problem create an objectivefunction and a set of constraints which are fartoo complex to yield simple reduced formpresentations of the optimal principalredemptions. Consequently, solutions to theoptimal debt schedule and tests of theconjectures articulated above weresimulated.
2011 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Year in Review: Scrutiny, Reform, and Individual Prosecutions are Key Issues

For most of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act's history, key decisions concerning its enforcement and direction were made behind closed doors around conference room tables in Washington, D.C. While many enforcement decisions and procedures remain opaque, 2011 witnessed the most intense year of public scrutiny in the FCPA's history.This article, in addition to providing a brief overview of the 2011 enforcement year, details the scrutiny the FCPA was subjected to in the past year. This scrutiny reveals that as the FCPA nears its 35th year, basic legal and policy questions remain as to the purpose, scope, and effectiveness of the law.
Studies in Child Language: An Anthropological View1

A First Language: The Early Stages. ROGER BROWN Language Acquisition and Communicative Choice. SUSAN ERVIN-TRIPP. Studies of Child Language Development. CHARLES FERGUSON and DAN I. SLOBIN Language Acquisition: Models and Methods. RENIRA HUXLEY and ELISABETH INGRAM, eds. The Psychosociology of Language. SERGE MOSCOVICI, ed. Langageet developpement mental. PIERRE OReRUN.
Taxonomy of three canker-causing fungi of honey locust in the United States

The anamorph of Thyronectria austro-americana, a causal agent of honey locust canker, is shown to be Gyrostroma austro-americanum and Kaskaskia gleditsiae is reduced to synonymy.
Neutron and Gamma-Ray Rate Sensitivities of Several Dynamic Detectors Used in Radiation Effects

The absolute rate-sensitivities of several burst sensors to neutrons and to gamma-rays in the mixed field of the Sandia pulsed reactor environment have been measured, using the shielding techniques of Coppage and Snyder(1) for variation of the neutron-to-gamma ray ratio over a factor of five to ten. The spectral changes effected by the shields are discussed. The sensors which were tested are: two reverse-biased preirradiated silicon diodes, MgO-RAD, phosphorphotodiode, and a fission (U238) detector. The ratio of the sensitivities of the detectors are 4. 8, 7.8, 9.1, 22, and 46 (x10-11 R-cm2/neutron (Pu)), respectively.
Animal Certifié Conforme: Déchiffrer nos Relations avec le Vivant

Review of Animal Certifie Conforme: Dechiffrer nos Relations avec le Vivant . Bernadette Lizet and Jacqueline Milliet, eds. 2012. Dunod/Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Pp 256. €22 (paperback). ISBN 9782100582853.
Infantilization as Elder Mistreatment: Evidence from Five Adult Day Centers

ABSTRACT To prevent maltreatment, aging services must be age appropriate even as consumers suffer from physical and cognitive disabilities. In this paper, it is argued that exposing older persons to child-oriented settings, activities and speech patterns in aging service environments represent a form of psychological mistreatment. Ethnographic evidence from 220 hours of field observations in five “social model” adult day centers revealed infantilization of service users in the form of confinement, baby-talk, nicknames, child-oriented decor, teacher-student learning format, reprimands, use of toys, as well as a loss of privacy regulation, autonomy, choice, and adult status. All centers exhibited some mistreatment, but severe examples were present in two of the five centers studied. Negative influences on behavior, well-being, self-identity, relationship formation, and social interaction were detected, which distinguished mistreatment from poor quality of care. Insider interviews (23) revealed resentment an...
Emerging concepts in mold allergy: What is the role of immunotherapy?

Since :Blackley’ reported the development of “bronchial catarrh” after inhaling spores from Penicillium cultures in 1873, molds and mold spores have been known to cause upper respiratory tract allergic disease. Feinberg’ and Prince et al.*” were pioneers in documenting the occurrence of respiratory tract symptoms after exposure of clinic patients with allergy to mold in the 1930s.’ More recently, epidemics of bronchial asthma have been associated with high concentrations of basidiospores in certain climates.3 Molds are actually fungi, and literally tens of thousands of fungal species are thought to exist. Many genera of Hyphomycetes (Fungi Impeficti) class of fungi that serve as sources of allergens include Cladosporium, the spores of which usually outnumber all other airborne biologic particles in outdoor air; Alternaria, found throughout North America, particularly in great abdundance in outdoor air in areas where grain is grown; Drechilera, airborne in highest concentrations in warm humid regions; Epicoccum, found in many temperate regions, grasslands and abundantly airborne during agricultural activities; Fusarium, an important plant pathogen, particularly prominent in air dur-
Synthesis and characterization of molybdenum and tungsten complexes containing tris(diphenylphosphino)methane (tdppm)

Abstract Reaction of tris(diphenylphosphino)methane, (Ph2P)3CH (tdppm) with 1 equivalent of M(CO)3(EtCN)3 (M = Mo 1a, M = W 1b) affords [Mo{η2-(Ph2P)3CH}(CO)3(EtCN)] 2a and [W{η2-(Ph2P)3CH}(CO)3(EtCN)] 2b, respectively. Single crystal structure determinations were performed for complexes 2a and 2b. Both structures adopt a distorted octahedral geometry about Mo and W atoms, with one CO and EtCN group occupying an axial position, while the phosphine ligand and two CO ligands occupy the equatorial positions. To our knowledge this is the first structurally-characterized W complex containing the tdppm ligand.
Lung Volume Reduction Surgery in Ventilator-Dependent COPD Patients

Background Lung volume reduction surgery has been advocated recently as adjunctive surgical therapy to improve lung and chest wall mechanics in selected patients with diffuse emphysema. Although clear-cut guidelines to select candidates have not been fully established, patients decompensated with significant pulmonary artery hypertension and hypercapnic respiratory failure are currently not considered suitable subjects. Accordingly, ventilator-dependent COPD patients are not considered candidates for this procedure. However, because ventilator-dependent COPD patients have an exceptionally poor prognosis, we elected to offer them this promising, but unproved surgical intervention. Herein, we describe the outcome of these three patients. Patients The 3 patients had recurrent exacerbations of COPD precipitating respiratory failure, and following aggressive medical therapy remained mechanically ventilated for 11 to 16 weeks (1 patient had a brief period of successful weaning before returning to mechanical ventilation). Prior to surgery, the patients had severe hypercapnia and cor pulmonale. Compared with preoperative values, surgery resulted in improvements in PaO 2 /FIo 2 , 304±80 (SD) vs 229±48 mm Hg, reductions in PaCO 2 ,44±3 vs 60±9 mm Hg, increases in FVC, 1.63+0.52 vs 1.09±0.05 L, and maximum inspiratory pressure, 57 ±22 vs 29 ±12 cm H 2 O. Postoperative complications included persistent air leaks and one tension pneumothorax. Patients weaned from mechanical ventilation after 10 to 21 days all were discharged home and they continue to demonstrate improved gas exchange and functional status. Conclusions Lung volume reduction surgery in select, ventilator-dependent COPD patients can result in improved gas exchange and respiratory mechanics that enable successful weaning and overall improved functional status.
Double exponential growth of aliphatic polyamide dendrimersvia AB2 hypermonomer strategy

We report for the first time a novel strategy for the synthesis of aliphatic polyamide dendrimers based on a hypermonomer (1) starting from allylamine.
Odd-numbered long-chain fatty acid contents in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in patients with an impaired propionate utilization.

Patients with the inherited disorders of propionate and methylmalonate metabolism such as propionic acidaemia (PA; McKusick 23200) and methylmalonic acidurias (MMA; McKusick 25100) accumulate odd-numbered long-chain fatty acids (OLCFA) in lipids of various organs (Hommes et al., 1968; Gompertz, 1970; Gompertz et al., 1970; Kishimoto et al., 1973). The accumulation of OLCFA also occurs in cultured skin fibroblasts of PA and MMA patients (Giudici et al., 1986). This is due to the fact that intracellularly accumulated propionyl-CoA can replace acetyl-CoA as a ‘primer’ for long-chain fatty acid synthesis.
Right ventricular assist device with membrane oxygenator support for right ventricular failure following implantable left ventricular assist device placement

Objectives Cardiogenic shock from refractory right ventricular (RV) failure during left ventricular assist device placement is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The addition of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to RV mechanical assistance may help RV recovery and lead to improved outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all implanted continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices from April 2009 to June 2013. RV mechanical support was utilized for RV failure defined as haemodynamic instability despite vasopressors, pulmonary vascular dilators and inotropic therapy. RV assist devices were utilized with and without in-line membrane oxygenation. Results During the study period, 267 continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices were implanted. RV mechanical support was utilized in 27 (10%) patients; 12 (46%) had the addition of in-line extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The mean age of patients with a right ventricular assist device with membrane oxygenation was lower than that in patients with a right ventricular assist device alone (45.6 ± 15.9 vs 64.6 ± 6.5, P = 0.001). Support was weaned in 66% (10 of 15) of patients with right ventricular assist device (RVAD) alone vs 83% (10 of 12) of those with RVAD with membrane oxygenation (P = 0.42). The RVAD was removed after 10.4 ± 9.4 vs 5 ± 2.99 days for patients with a RVAD with membrane oxygenation (P = 0.1). Patients with RVAD with membrane oxygenation had a 30-day mortality rate of 8 vs 47% for those with RVAD alone (P = 0.04). The survival rate after discharge was 86, 63 and 54% at 3, 6 and 12 months for both groups combined. Conclusions Patients with a RVAD with membrane oxygenation support for acute RV failure after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation had a lower 30-day mortality than those with a RVAD alone. Patients who survive to discharge have a reasonable 1-year survival. Combining membrane oxygenation with RVAD support appears to offer a short-term survival benefit in patients with RV failure after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device implantation.
A synthetic moviemaker for spatial representation

1. Summary This project introduces a new type of digital animation tool for architects. It synthetically constructs a stylized cinematic representation of a given geometric model of a building. The novel approach is a complete automation of the process of camera work as well as montage. The tool automatically places multiple cameras, move them, and edit the clips together by looking at a given architectural space as condition populated with mobile human inhabitants and taking advantage of cinematic conventions a trained film-maker would deploy. A prototype implementation demonstrates an application of this tool to a small house designed by Le Corbusier.
A unified sequence-structure classification of protein sequences: combining sequence and structure in a map of the protein space

We analyze all known protein sequences in search for a global map of protein space that is consistent in terms of both sequence and structure. Our goal is to define clusters of homologous protein domains, beyond those detected by sequence-based methods alone, and then to build a three-dimensional (3D) model for each of the sequences that are homologous to sequences of known 3D structure. This analysis uses both sequence and structure based metrics in the analysis of all protein sequences in a non-redundant (NR) database, comprising all major sequence databases.The analysis starts from the sequences of the SCOP database domains, which have known three-dimensional structures These sequences are clustered first into families based on sequence similarity alone, without incorporating any information from the SCOP classification. Each sequence-based family is represented by a profile, and this profile is used to search the NR database, using PSI-BLAST. Since PSI-BLAST can lead to false similarities, several different indices of validity are used to control the procedure Each of the detected sequences is marked and a profile is built for the whole cluster of similar sequences. A 3D model is then built for each sequence in the cluster using an alignment made using the profile as well as the known structures of the SCOP representatives in the cluster Clusters based on SCOP domains are called type-I clusters In all we find 1421 type-I clusters with total of 168,431 sequences (44.5% of our NR database)After all members of type-I clusters have been marked, we analyze the remaining sequences. The PSI-BLAST procedure is applied repeatedly, each time with a different query, to search what is left over from the previous run. This give type-II clusters, which may overlap.Type-I and type-II clusters are then grouped using higher level measures of similarity. Those pairs of clusters that contain the same common protein (significant overlap in membership), are marked first. The pairs of clusters are then compared using either a structure metric (when 3D structures are known) or a novel sequence profile metric, and clustered into superfamilies and “fold” families.This analysis avoids the limitation of classifications that are based just on sequence comparison, and allows us to construct a 3D model for a substantial portion of the sequences in the NR database.
Structures and Electrocommunication between Ferrocenyl Groups in Osmium Cluster Complexes of 1,8-Bis(ferrocenyl)octatetrayne

The reaction of Os3(CO)11(NCMe), 1, with 1,8-bis(ferrocenyl)octatetrayne, 3, has yielded four new products: Os3(CO)10(μ3-η2-Fc-C2−C⋮C−C⋮C−C⋮C−Fc), 4; Os3(CO)10(μ3-η2-Fc-C⋮C−C2−C⋮C−C⋮C−Fc), 5; Os3(...
Mechanism of H2 and CO formation in the catalytic partial oxidation of CH4 on Rh probed by steady-state spatial profiles and spatially resolved transients

Abstract Spatially resolved species and temperature profiles have been measured for the catalytic partial oxidation of CH 4 on autothermally operated Rh-coated α - Al 2 O 3 foams in both steady state and transient mode. A probe consisting of a thin quartz capillary and a thermocouple was moved with sub-mm resolution through the catalyst/heat shield stack to sample the gases into a mass spectrometer and measure temperature. The probe was also used to follow the relaxation of the system upon perturbation by stepping the stoichiometry of the reactants periodically. The spatial profiles in steady state show that H 2 and CO are formed in presence of gas phase oxygen (oxidation zone) and after total oxygen conversion by steam reforming (reforming zone). The stepwise change of the reactant stoichiometry in the transient experiments allowed decoupling chemistry (ms timescale) and temperature (s timescale). By exposing a catalyst, initially operating very hot at C / O = 0.6 , suddenly to a CH 4 rich feed ( C / O = 1.4 ) , it was possible to follow how the integral H 2 and CO production rates decrease with decreasing temperature of the catalyst. The reverse switch from C / O = 1.4 to 0.6 showed how the integral H 2 and CO production rates increased with increasing temperature of the catalyst. Differential reaction rates were obtained by performing these transients spatially resolved at two adjacent points in the catalyst. For C / O = 0.6 → 1.4 , H 2 and CO formation show a strict linear Arrhenius behavior over the entire temperature range from ∼ 1100 to ∼ 600 ∘ C . For C / O = 1.4 → 0.6 , the Arrhenius plots show two straight segments, a steep increase in the formation rate from ∼ 630 to ∼ 710 ∘ C and a weak increase from ∼ 725 to ∼ 1000 ∘ C . In both cases, H 2 formation is more activated than CO formation indicating two different rate determining steps.
Differential effects of type and quantity of leaf damage on growth, reproduction and defence of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.)

Folivores are major plant antagonists in most terrestrial ecosystems. However, the quantitative effects of leaf area loss on multiple interacting plant traits are still little understood. We sought to contribute to filling this lack of understanding by applying different types of leaf area removal (complete leaflets versus leaflet parts) and degrees of leaf damage (0, 33 and 66%) to lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) plants. We quantified various growth and fitness parameters including above- and belowground biomass as well as the production of reproductive structures (fruits, seeds). In addition, we measured plant cyanogenic potential (HCNp; direct chemical defence) and production of extrafloral nectar (EFN; indirect defence). Leaf damage reduced above- and belowground biomass production in general, but neither variation in quantity nor type of damage resulted in different biomass. Similarly, the number of fruits and seeds was significantly reduced in all damaged plants without significant differences between treatment groups. Seed mass, however, was affected by both type and quantity of leaf damage. Leaf area loss had no impact on HCNp, whereas production of EFN decreased with increasing damage. While EFN production was quantitatively affected by leaf area removal, the type of damage had no effect. Our study provides a thorough analysis of the quantitative and qualitative effects of defoliation on multiple productivity-related and defensive plant traits and shows strong differences in plant response depending on trait. Quantifying such plant responses is vital to our understanding of the impact of herbivory on plant fitness and productivity in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Intensive Culture of Largemouth Bass Fry

Abstract Eggs of common carp Cyprinus carpio were a satisfactory starter diet for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides fry as small as 10 mm total length. A darkened, covered rearing container with some amount of horizontal water flow to keep food particles in suspension provided the most suitable rearing conditions. Both Oregon moist pellet and Biodiet were superior to the W-7 diet as terminal diets. Scoliosis occurred in largemouth bass fry, especially the smaller ones, fed on common carp eggs, but was transient in nature and disappeared from all fish within 25 days after feeding on a prepared diet began. Fish of larger and more uniform size trained to common carp eggs better than smaller ones. Production costs of largemouth bass intensively reared from 10 to 50 mm ranged from $0.077 to $0.086 per fish.
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF SOLUBLE FAS IN THE SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH BLADDER CANCER

AbstractPurpose: The interaction of Fas antigen (Fas) and Fas ligand plays an important role in cytotoxic T lymphocyte- and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Circulating soluble Fas (sFas) antagonizes cell-surface Fas function and may interfere with immune surveillance against autologous tumors. This possibility was examined in patients with bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: The levels of sFas in the serum of 173 patients with bladder cancer were determined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytotoxicity of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody was examined by a 1-day microculture tetrazolium dye assay. Anti-autologous tumor cytotoxic activity was determined by the 12-hour51 Cr release assay.Results: The mean serum level of sFas in patients with bladder cancer was threefold higher than the mean in normal donors. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on the level of sFas in the serum. Bladder cancer patients with low level of serum sFas (less than the mean value...
The selenium catalyzed reduction of methylene blue by thiols.

Abstract The reduction of methylene blue, of other reducible dyes, as well as of riboflavin, hemin, and of vitamin B 12a by thiols is catalyzed by micromolar amounts of selenium. The reduction of methylene blue was investigated in greater detail and was found to exhibit a complicated dependence on the pH and the thiol concentration. Alkylating agents, CN − , as well as Cd +2 or Hg +2 are inhibitory, while Cu ++ or Ag + have stimulatory effects. Dithiols are more effective reducing agents than monothiols. The catalytic effects of selenium in these reactions may parallel some of the functions of selenium in vivo .
Computers and Traditional Teaching Practices: Factors Influencing Middle Level Students' Science Achievement and Attitudes about Science.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of middle school student science achievement and attitudes toward science with student-reported frequency of using computers to learn science and other classroom practices. Baseline comparison data were collected on the frequency of student-centred teaching practices (e.g. the use of group experiments during science class) and traditional teaching practices (e.g. having students copy notes during science class) to learn science. The student sample was composed of 294 seventh-grade students enrolled in middle school science. Multiple regression was used to investigate the association of attitudes toward science, student-centred teaching practices, computer usage, and traditional teaching practices with science achievement. Both attitudes toward science and student-centred teaching practices were positively associated with science achievement, and student-centred teaching practice was positively associated with attitude toward science. Computer usage ...
Measurement of the Rate of Adsorption of Electroactive Cytochrome c to Modified Gold Electrodes by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

The electrochemistry of a system containing a surface-confined electroactive species is characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the results are displayed on a Cole−Cole plot. The rate of adsorption of electroactive horse-heart cytochrome c to a carboxythiol-modified gold electrode is experimentally monitored by continuously measuring the change in the magnitude of the pseudocapacitance, which is directly proportional to the amount of adsorbed protein. The time dependence of the adsorption of cytochrome c to the thiol-modified gold electrode shows a significant period of diffusion-controlled behavior. Limitations on the frequency of measurement are outlined in relationship to the magnitude of the standard rate constant of the electron-transfer reaction.
Monotonicity properties of harmonic maps into NPC spaces

In this paper, we study monotonicity properties of harmonic maps into general NPC spaces. In addition, we introduce the notion of Alexandrov tangent maps and state a criterion for uniqueness.
Use of the human liver cell line Hep G2 in a modified Salmonella reversion assay

Abstract The human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 was used to activate promutagenic chemicals to mutagens in a modified Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Hep G2 cells mediated positive mutagenic responses in tester strain TA98 with 5 and 25 μg/plate of 2-aminofluorene, but these responses were consistently lower than those seen using primary rat hepatocytes. In addition, 3 and 6 × 106 Hep G2 cells per assay produced positive mutagenic responses with 2-aminoanthracene, benzidine, acetylbenzidine and aflatoxin B1, while benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, 4-aminobiphenyl and 4- and 11-aminobenzo[a]pyrene were non-mutagenic with Hep G2-cell activation. These results indicate that Hep G2 cells may be a useful intact cellular metabolizing system of human origin for predicting the genotoxicity of promutagenic agents, but that the use of Salmonella as a target cell may limit the classes of mutagens detected.
Single-molecule studies of the effect of spermidine on DNA mechanics and viral DNA packaging

Polyamine ions such as spermidine 3+ , along with monovalent and divalent salt ions, screen the negatively charged backbone of dsDNA and thereby facilitate processes in which DNA is confined in small spaces, such as viral DNA packaging. We use optical tweezers to directly manipulate single DNA molecules and have made preliminary measurements of the effect of spermidine on DNA elasticity, condensation, and viral packaging. We determine the concentration of spermidine 3+ at which dsDNA condenses in the presence of Mg 2+ and Na + and report a monotonic increase in stretch modulus and decrease in persistence length at incremental spermidine concentrations up to the concentration at which dsDNA condenses. We also discuss the effect of spermidine on DNA packaging in bacteriophage phi29.
Structural properties and superhydrophobicity of electrospun polypropylene fibers from solution and melt

Abstract Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has successfully been electrospun from both solution and melt using an elevated temperature setup. First, PP nanofibers with two different average diameters (0.8 μm and 9.6 μm) were obtained via electrospinning of iPP in decalin, and the effect of deformation and solidification on the morphological and structural features of the resulting fibers was studied. Secondly, melt electrospun PP fibers with two different average diameters were also fabricated to compare the structures with those of solution electrospun PP fibers. DSC and XRD results show that β form crystals which can increase the impact strength and toughness of electrospun fibers are present in sub-micron scale PP fibers from solution, while fibers from melt mostly show α form crystals. The annealed fibers have changed their morphological forms into α and γ crystal forms. Finally, it is observed that electrospun PP fiber webs both from solution and melt exhibit superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle about 151° which is substantially higher than those of a commercial PP non-woven web and a compression molded PP film, 104° and 112°, respectively. Such superior hydrophobicity was observed for all PP electrospun fibers and it was not altered by the processing scheme (solution or melt) or fiber diameter (sub-micron or micron). Enhanced hydrophobicity of electrospun PP fiber webs contribute to excellent barrier performance without losing permeability when they are applied to protective clothing.
Experts' and Novices' Error Patterns in Solving Part-Whole Mathematical Word Problems.

Abstract The role of dynamic assessment involving two instructional strategies, a specific and a general instructional strategy, on experts' and novices' error patterns in solving part-whole addition and subtraction word problems was examined. Experts in the specific strategy group (SSG) showed a decrease in errors from the pretest to transfer posttests and maintained the low frequency of errors on the delayed posttest. In addition, the two strategies differentially influenced the kinds of errors made by experts on the posttests following dynamic assessment. However, error patterns of novices in the two groups did not show a specific trend of decrease in the number and kind of errors.
Attitudinal Perceptions of Professionalization in Home Economics Teaching.

This study investigated the effects of socialization experiences on the attitudinal perceptions of a sample of home economics teachers regarding their work as a profession. An instrument was developed to measure attitudinal perceptions relative to the construct profes sion. Reliability on the pretested Professionalization Inventoryfor Home Economics Teaching (PI- HET) using Cronbach's formula for coefficient alpha was .96 on Profession and Professional Association sub-scales, respectively, and .95 on Client and School Organization sub-scales, respec tively. Three hundred and thirty-three home economics teachers from Upper New York State were ran domly selected to participate in the research. Analysis of the 287 returned questionnaires (86 percent) indicated that most of the teachers in the sample believed that home economics teaching is a profession. The highest mean score (73) was on the Client sub-scale and lowest mean score (54) was on the Professional Association sub-scale of the PI-HET (maximum score 81). Six indepen dent variables—Autonomy Training, Support in Choice, First Choice, Work Experience, Member, and Professional Journal Reading—were found to be statistically significant in the multiple regres sion analyses.
C-H bond activation and ring oxidation in nickel carbahemiporphyrazines.

The first nickel complexes of two carbon-substituted phthalocyanine analogues are reported; both exhibit direct Ni–C bonding and oxygen activation chemistry is observed.