cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grazing repellency of methyl anthranilate to snow geese is enhanced by a visual cue

anthranilate formulations reduced goose activity. At 14 and 21 days post-treatment, however, dropping weights were significantly lower in plots treated with methyl anthranilate and Ti03 than in plots treated with formulated methyl anthranilate alone. These results show that visual cues can enhance the durability of methyl anthranilate repellency.
Remarkable properties of human ecosystems

This paper explores some of the remarkable properties that set human ecosystems apart from nonhuman ecosystems. The identification of these properties provides a framework for bridging the theoretical and methodological divide between biological ecology and human ecology. The unique information-processing capability of humans in ecosystems is central to this framework. We discuss several manifestations of human cognitive and behavioral abilities, termed "remarkable properties" of human ecosystems. A cross-cultural and historical approach is taken in demonstrating some of these properties. Related to these properties are the ways in which complex functional and dysfunctional or maladaptive processes take place in human ecosystems. We assert that one of the greatest challenges for human ecology is to integrate belief systems as a major component of human ecosystems.
Psychiatric Fitness-for-Duty Evaluations

Fitness-for-duty examinations are a common type of psychiatric disability evaluation. These evaluations are typically best performed by the independent (nontreating) psychiatrist with forensic training or expertise in these examinations. A comprehensive evaluation requires careful definition of the referral questions and consideration of the terms of the referral; review of relevant job-specific documentation and medical records; the collection of collateral information from relevant third-party informants; a thorough clinical psychiatric examination; and possibly additional testing. The examination report needs to be comprehensive, address the specific questions in clear language understandable to the non-mental health clinician, and use all available data to substantiate the logical conclusions in a fair, accurate, and objective manner.
Team size and technology fit: participation, Awareness,and rapport in distributed teams

In this paper we investigate the effects that team size has on geographically distributed team behavior and technology choice. We report results from a survey of distributed team members conducted within a large, multinational technology manufacturing organization. Responses indicate that members of smaller teams participated more actively on their team, were more committed to their team, were more aware of the goals of the team, had greater awareness of other team members, and were in teams with higher levels of rapport. Larger teams are more conscientious than smaller teams in preparing meeting agendas. Team size was also associated with different technology choice: larger teams adopted technology to support the coordination of asynchronous work, while smaller teams adopted technology that primarily supported collaboration. We discuss the implications of distributed team size for team performance and technology adoption.
Community Engagement and the Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research

The National Institute on Aging created the Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research (RCMARs) to address infrastructure development intended to reduce health disparities among older adults. The overall goals of the RCMARs are to (a) increase the size of the cadre of researchers conducting research on issues related to minority aging; (b) increase the diversity of researchers conducting research on minority aging; (c) create and test reliable measures for use in older diverse populations; and (d) conduct research on recruitment and retention of community-dwelling older adults for research addressing behavioral, social, and medical issues. Along with this latter goal, the RCMARs developed and maintain academic–community partnerships. To accomplish the recruitment and retention goal, the RCMARs established Community Liaison Working Groups using a collaborative approach to scientific inquiry; this special issue will identify research priorities for moving the science of recruitment and retention forward. In addition, sustainable and efficient methods for fostering long-term partnerships will be identified between community and academia. Evidence-based approaches to the recruitment and retention of diverse elders are explored. We expect this supplement to serve as a catalyst for researchers interested in engaging diverse community-dwelling elders in health-related research. In addition, this supplement should serve as a source of the most contemporary evidence-based approaches to the recruitment and retention of diverse older populations for participation in social, behavioral, and clinical research.
NEGOTIATING CONFLICT IN END OF LIFE DISCUSSIONS

Background Conflicts, particularly between health care providers and families regarding end of life care are common. Aim To provide a structured way to think about what causes these conflicts and the communication skills one might use to negotiate conflicts over treatment for seriously ill patients. Results/Discussion To help structure, health providers’ thinking about these cases, a question, “Why is this loving and caring family making a decision that you think is unreasonable?” will be discussed. The talk with focus on the psychology and business literature on conflicts to posit three reasons for why conflicts occur: misunderstandings over what is happening; inattention to the feelings associated with these conflicts and rigid beliefs about one’s identity. A variety of communication skills – ranging from ASK-TELL-ASK, to “rolling with resistance” to responding empathically to emotions will be discussed to help negotiate these conflicts. Conclusion A specific framework can help health care providers negotiate conflict with families over care at the end of life.
Architectures for context

The development of context-aware applications will require tools that are based on clearly defined models of context and system software architecture. This essay introduces models for each of these, examines the tradeoffs among the different alternatives, and describes a blackboard-based context architecture that is being used in the construction of interactive workspaces.
Structures of an unliganded neurophysin and its vasopressin complex: Implications for binding and allosteric mechanisms

The structures of des 1–6 bovine neurophysin-II in the unliganded state and as its complex with lysine vasopressin were determined crystallographically at resolutions of 2.4 Å and 2.3 Å, respectively. The structure of the protein component of the vasopressin complex was, with some local differences, similar to that determined earlier of the full-length protein complexed with oxytocin, but relatively large differences, probably intrinsic to the hormones, were observed between the structures of bound oxytocin and bound vasopressin at Gln 4. The structure of the unliganded protein is the first structure of an unliganded neurophysin. Comparison with the liganded state indicated significant binding-induced conformational changes that were the largest in the loop region comprising residues 50–58 and in the 7–10 region. A subtle binding-induced tightening of the subunit interface of the dimer also was shown, consistent with a role for interface changes in neurophysin allosteric mechanism, but one that is probably not predominant. Interface changes are suggested to be communicated from the binding site through the strands of β-sheet that connect these two regions, in part with mediation by Gly 23. Comparison of unliganded and liganded states additionally reveals that the binding site for the hormone α-amino group is largely preformed and accessible in the unliganded state, suggesting that it represents the initial site of hormone protein recognition. The potential molecular basis for its thermodynamic contribution to binding is discussed.
Intelligent planning and control for telerobotic operations

Based on our newly developed event-based planning and control theory, a new action planning and control scheme for the telerobotic system is presented. It provides a unified model to integrate a human operator control command (supervisory command) with motion planning and control for automatic operation. As a result, supervisory command and autonomous motion planning and control are naturally combined together such that the autonomous motion plan can be adjusted and modified by human operator during its execution. This scheme lays down a foundation for planning and control of a general robotic system involving human operators. The scheme is implemented and tested on a PUMA 560 dual-arm system. A Spaceball is used by the human operator as a command generator to input the supervisory command. The experimental results of both single arm teleoperation and dual-arm coordinated teleoperation are presented. >
Musculoskeletal Computed Tomography: Current Technology and Clinical Applications

Computed tomography (CT) is a frequently and increasingly used imaging modality with multiple musculoskeletalapplications.Technologicalimprovementsandinnovations have refined and broadened the utility of CT for clinical imaging. This article reviews the current state of CT, first highlighting several technologic advancements in scanner performance and second discussing current clinical musculoskeletalapplications.CThasdistinctadvantagesandinherent limitations in the assessment of bones, joints, and soft tissues; both need to be considered when choosing CT for a particular imaging task. This article provides a framework for understanding current CT technology and how it can be applied to a variety of musculoskeletal applications.
3D-FEA of osseointegration percentages and patterns on implant-bone interfacial stresses.

Abstract Objectives: The degree of osseointegration and its patterns are important for the success of implants. 3D-FEA was used to determine interfacial stresses on a single tooth implant (IMZ) for four degrees of osseointegration (100, 75, 50 and 25%), and five patterns at 50% osseointegration (locally alternating, coronal only, apical only, facial only and lingual only). Methods: The implant was restored with a metal-ceramic crown and subjected to 10 MPa axial or oblique applied stress. Resolved stresses were examined at four heights along the implant-bone interface. Results: The degree of osseointegration did not affect resolved stress levels or distributions. Oblique loads elevated interfacial stresses 5 to 20 times. Stresses were always higher at the bone crest. Conclusions: Osseointegration patterns with crestal bone reduced both crestal and apical stresses. Apical only osseointegration produced much higher apical stresses. Crestal osseointegration and axial loads minimized overall stress.
cis-Acting Elements That Control Expression of the Master Virulence Regulatory Gene atxA in Bacillus anthracis

Transcription of the Bacillus anthracis structural genes for the anthrax toxin proteins and biosynthetic operon for capsule is positively regulated by AtxA, a transcription regulator with unique properties. Consistent with the role of atxA in virulence factor expression, a B. anthracis atxA-null mutant is avirulent in a murine model for anthrax. In culture, multiple signals impact atxA transcript levels, and the timing and steady-state level of atxA expression are critical for optimal toxin and capsule synthesis. Despite the apparent complex control of atxA transcription, only one trans-acting protein, the transition state regulator AbrB, has been demonstrated to interact directly with the atxA promoter. Here we employ 5' and 3' deletion analysis and site-directed mutagenesis of the atxA control region to demonstrate that atxA transcription from the major start site P1 is dependent upon a consensus sequence for the housekeeping sigma factor SigA and an A+T-rich upstream element for RNA polymerase. We also show that an additional trans-acting protein(s) binds specifically to atxA promoter sequences located between -13 and +36 relative to P1 and negatively impacts transcription. Deletion of this region increases promoter activity up to 15-fold. Site-directed mutagenesis of a 9-bp palindromic sequence within the region prevents binding of the trans-acting protein(s), increasing promoter activity 7-fold and resulting in a corresponding increase in AtxA and anthrax toxin production. Notably, an atxA promoter mutant that produced elevated levels of AtxA and toxin proteins during culture was unaffected for virulence in a murine model for anthrax.
Saccharification of a Potential Bioenergy Crop, Phragmites australis (Common Reed), by Lignocellulose Fractionation Followed by Enzymatic Hydrolysis at Decreased Cellulase Loadings

Cost-effective biological saccharification of nonfood lignocellulosic biomass is vital to the establishment of a carbohydrate economy. Phragmites australis (common reed) is regarded as an invasive perennial weed with a productivity of up to 18-28 tons of dry weight per acre per year. We applied the cellulose solventand organic solvent-based lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) to the stems and leaves of Phragmites and optimized the pretreatment conditions (e.g., temperature, reaction time, and biomass moisture content) through response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal pretreatment conditions were 85% (w/v) H3PO4 ,5 0°C, and 60 min, regardless of the biomass moisture contents from 5-15% (w/w). Glucan digestibility of the COSLIF-pretreated common reed was 90% at hour 24 at a low cellulase loading (5 filter paper units and 10 � -glucosidase units per gram of glucan). Under these conditions, the overall sugar yields were 88% for glucose and 71% for xylose, respectively. Cellulose accessibility to cellulase (CAC) was increased 93.6-fold from 0.14 ( 0.035 to 13.1 ( 1.1 m 2 per gram of biomass with the COSLIF pretreatment. Results showed that cellulase concentrations could be reduced by 3-fold with only a slight reduction in sugar yield. This study suggested that Phragmites could be used as a carbon-neutral bioenergy feedstock, while its harvesting could help control its invasive growth and decrease nutrient pollution in adjacent waterways.
Intracortical Osteosarcoma A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Intracortical osteosarcoma is the rarest form of osteosarcoma and typically occurs in the young. The authors describe a case of intracortical osteosarcoma arising in the femur of a 44-year-old woma...
Analysis of the Performance of the DIAMONDS ETF around a Glitch in the Computation of the Dow Jones Industrial Average Index.

In this paper I examine the pricing deviation, pricing premium and discount, and tracking error of the Diamonds around the event of a glitch in the computation of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on February 27, 2007. That day a technical error in the computation of the Dow Jones Industrial Average caused a shock in the financial markets. This event provides for an excellent laboratory to examine the behavior of an ETF in extreme market conditions. I find that the pricing deviation and tracking error of this ETF increase and experience high volatility for a brief period of time after identifying the problem. JEL: G01, G14
Genistein decreases basal hepatic cytochrome P450 1A1 protein expression and activity in Swiss Webster mice

Soy consumption has been associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases such as cancer. One proposed mechanism for cancer prevention by soy is through decreasing cytochrome P450 1A1 (Cyp1a1) activity. However, it is not known with certainty which soy components modulate Cyp1a1, or the characteristics or mechanisms involved in the responses after short-term (<20 days) dietary treatment without concomitant carcinogen-mediated induction. Therefore, the objective was to test the hypothesis that physiologic concentrations of dietary genistein and/or daidzein will decrease basal hepatic Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity in male and female Swiss Webster mice via inhibiting the bindings of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) and estrogen receptor-α to the Cyp1a1 promoter region xenobiotic response element. The mice were fed the AIN-93G diet supplemented with 1500 mg/kg of genistein or daidzein for up to 1 week. Genistein, but not daidzein, significantly decreased basal hepatic microsomal Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity. AhR protein expression was not altered. Molecular mechanisms were investigated in Hepa-1c1c7 cells treated with 5 μmol/L purified aglycones genistein, daidzein, or equol. Cells treated with genistein exhibited inhibitions in ARNT and estrogen receptor-α bindings to the Cyp1a1 promoter region. This study demonstrated that genistein consumption reduced constitutive hepatic Cyp1a1 protein expression and activity, thereby contributing to the understanding of how soy isoflavone aglycones modulate cytochrome P450 biotransformation enzymes.
Termites in Wisconsin

The eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), is the only species of termite establishedin Wisconsin. Infestations of this species have occurredonly in municipalities, a fact that indicates they originatedfrom the transport of infested lumber. Surveillance of theground-dwelling colonies in pockets of infestation at 2areas showed that migration and fragmentation of acolony rather than flight from a colony were very likelythe principal mode of annual dispersal. If the termites can establish ground-dwelling colonies in cold climates, conventional termite protection of buildings may be warranted for any threatened municipalities. Fluctuations of annual termite activity and development at 2 areas reflected a definite pattern of new colony formation and growth. The pattern was modified by weather conditions. Adverse weather, particularly dryness, tended to inhibit differentiation of the termites. Some differences from the usual description of termite life are discussed, and a hypothetical nutritional mechanism for caste determination is presented. A diagram postulating the life cycle of R. flavipes is included. Low temperature and limited moisture did not necessarily limit the northern extention of the range of R.flavipes , because the termites could, to a point, avoid the adverse conditions by retreating to subterranean galleries. Prolonged temperatures near 0°C probably could be a significant limiting factor, because they could be an effective barrier to the movement of termites. If restricted movement barred termites for a long period from nutrients near the surface of the ground, eventually a colony coulddie from starvation. Perhaps the ultimate factor that determined whether termites could survive in a cold climate was the warm-season capacity of reproductives to restore population losses that occurred during the cold season.
Isozymes inDrosophila cell line

Alcohol dehydrogenase, octanol dehydrogenase and fumarase isozyme patterns inDrosophila tissue culture cells were compared with the respective isozyme development pattern in the parental strain. The cell line lacks ADH activity and its fumarase isozyme pattern resembles the pupae and adult type.
Some metabolic effects of rare-earth cations on Aspergillus niger cells.

SUMMARYWhen cells of Aspergillus niger are exposed to excess rare-earth cations, binding occurs rapidly and reaches a fixed maximum (1.25 × 1017 ions per mg dry-cell weight) within 30 min. Equal numbers of the different rare-earth cations are bound per unit mass of Aspergillus niger cells. Further, most of the rare-earth binding occurs on or in the cell surface with compounds other than lipids. Respiration and glucose utilization decrease with increasing quantities of cations bound until, at the maximal rare-earth binding capacity, glucose absorption is completely blocked. Cation concentrations which markedly depress or completely inhibit the oxidation of glucose do not change the endogenous rate of oxygen consumption. At molar concentrations ten times greater than that of the rare earth, disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA) and citric acid can, at a pH near their pKa values, completely reverse the blockage of glucose absorption and inhibition of oxidation produced by rare earths with cells of Asp...
Blood Coagulation as an Intrinsic Pathway for Proinflammation: A Mini Review

Blood coagulation could be recognized as intrinsic inflammation. The coagulant mediators (FVIIa, FXa, thrombin (FIIa), FXIIa) and fibrin(ogen) activate cellular signaling, eliciting the production of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other proinflammatory mediators. Hypercoagulability with elevated coagulant mediators would certainly trigger hyper-inflammatory state not to mention about the direct hypercoagulable actions on thrombosis, and platelet and complement activations, all of which contribute to inflammatory events. Furthermore, anticoagulant's anti-inflammatory effects readily reinforce the proposal that blood coagulation results in inflammation. The observations on protease activated receptor (PAR) activation and PAR antagonists modulating inflammation are also in line with the concept of coagulation-dependent inflammation.
HIV Prevention Research Ethics: An Introduction to the Special Issue

This special issue of the Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics represents a sampling of projects fostered through the NIDA-funded Fordham University HIV Prevention Research Ethics Institute. The first three articles employ processes of co-learning to give voice to the experiences of individuals recovering from substance abuse and engaged in sex work who have participated in HIV prevention studies in the United States, India, and the Philippines. The fourth article describes a unique community-based approach to the development of research ethics training modules designed to increase participation of American Indian and Alaskan Native (AI/AN) tribal members as partners in research on health disparities. The last two articles focus a critical scholarly lens on two underexamined areas confronting IRB review of HIV research: The emerging and continuously changing ethical challenges of using social media sites for recruitment into HIV prevention research, and the handling of research-related complaints from participants involving perceived research harms or research experiences that do not accord with their initial expectations. Together, the articles in this special issue identify key ethical crossroads and provide suggestions for best practices that respect the values and merit the trust of research participants.
Massive dispersal of Coxiella burnetii among cattle across the United States.

Q-fever is an underreported disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which is highly infectious and has the ability to disperse great distances. It is a completely clonal pathogen with low genetic diversity and requires whole-genome analysis to identify discriminating features among closely related isolates. C. burnetii, and in particular one genotype (ST20), is commonly found in cow’s milk across the entire dairy industry of the USA. This single genotype dominance is suggestive of host-specific adaptation, rapid dispersal and persistence within cattle. We used a comparative genomic approach to identify SNPs for high-resolution and high-throughput genotyping assays to better describe the dispersal of ST20 across the USA. We genotyped 507 ST20 cow milk samples and discovered three subgenotypes, all of which were present across the entire country and over the complete time period studied. Only one of these sub-genotypes was observed in a single dairy herd. The temporal and geographic distribution of these sub-genotypes is consistent with a model of large-scale, rapid, frequent and continuous dissemination on a continental scale. The distribution of subgenotypes is not consistent with wind-based dispersal alone, and it is likely that animal husbandry and transportation practices, including pooling of milk from multiple herds, have also shaped the patterns. On the scale of an entire country, there appear to be few barriers to rapid, frequent and large-scale dissemination of the ST20 subgenotypes.
Prediction of Properties and Elemental Composition of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils by NMR and Partial Least Squares Analysis

As with many substances derived from natural products, pyrolysis bio-oils are complex chemical mixtures and are extremely challenging to chemically characterize, requiring multiple separation and pretreatment steps followed by several different analytical techniques that need tedious adjustments and modifications when sample properties change. In this study, we present a way to simplify this analysis by using 13C NMR to characterize such substances as a whole without modification. Using partial least-squares (PLS) regression, we report what we believe to be the first reported use of 13C NMR to derive elemental composition information (mass fractions of C, H, N, and O) as well as the enthalpy of combustion (higher heating value), phenol and cresols concentrations, and the total acid number. Several PLS models were created correlating these various properties with the binned intensities of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 73 different samples consisting of pyrolysis bio-oils from various biomass sources and tr...
Utility of diffusion-weighted MRI in distinguishing benign and malignant hepatic lesions

Purpose: To evaluate apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for characterization of a variety of focal liver lesions and specifically for differentiation of solid benign lesions (focal nodular hyperplasia [FNH] and adenomas) from solid malignant neoplasms (metastases and hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]) in a large case series. Materials and Methods: A total of 542 lesions in 382 patients were evaluated. ADC values were measured in 166 hemangiomas, 112 hepatomas, 107 metastases, 95 cysts, 10 abscesses, 43 FNH, and nine adenomas. ADCs of 1.5 and 1.6 (×10−3 mm2/second) were selected as threshold values to separate benign and malignant lesions. Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) were calculated. Comparisons were carried out with studentized range test. Results: There was high interobserver agreement in ADC measurements for all lesion types. The mean ADCs for cysts was 3.40 (×10 −3 mm2/second), hemangiomas 2.26, FNH 1.79, adenomas 1.49, abscesses 1.97, HCC 1.53, and metastases 1.50. The mean ADC for benign lesions was 2.50 and for malignant lesions was 1.52. Cysts were easily distinguished from other lesions. There was, however, overlap between solid benign and malignant lesions. Conclusion: Benign lesions have higher mean ADC values than malignant lesions. However, ADC values of solid benign lesions (FNH and adenomas) are similar to malignant lesions (metastases, HCC) limiting the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating solid liver masses. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2010;32:138–147. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 1288: Targeting the Hippo pathway in NF-2 deficient papillary kidney cancers

About 10% of papillary renal cell carcinomas (PRCC) bear mutations in NF2 or SAV1, two members of the Hippo pathway, which controls cell growth by regulating the transcriptional activity of YES1-Associated Protein YAP1. NF2 or SAV1 mutations lead to aberrant YAP1 activation resulting in cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic signals. The src family kinase YES1 is a known regulator of YAP1 transcriptional activity in the context of β-catenin-dependent tumors. Dasatinib and saracatinib are 2 src inhibitors that have shown to also have potent inhibitory effects on YES1. We hypothesized that inhibition of the Hippo pathway might provide a valuable therapeutic approach for patients with PRCC tumors bearing NF2 mutation, and that inhibiting YES1 might inhibit YAP1 in PRCC. Our data demonstrate that inhibition of the Hippo pathway is lethal to NF2-deficient PRCC cell lines, and that inhibiting YES1 with dasatinib or saracatinib effectively inhibits YAP1 and its downstream targets BIRC5 (survivin), CCND1 (cyclin D1) and CTGF (CTGF). Further, dasatinib proves to have an anti-tumor effect in vivo and was cytotoxic in vivo and in vitro, causing G0-G1 cell cycle arrest in NF2-deficient PRCC cell lines. Thus, inhibiting YES1 and the subsequent transcriptional activity of YAP1 with dasatinib or saracatinib might be a viable therapeutic approach for NF2-deficient PRCC tumors. Citation Format: Carole Sourbier, Penny Liao, Christopher J. Ricketts, Darmood Wei, Youfeng Yang, Sarah M. Baranes, Toshiki Kijima, Louis S. Krane, Myriem Boufraqech, Lernik Ohanjanian, Ben Gibbs, Ming-Hui Wei, Len Neckers, Cathy D. Vocke, W. Marston Linehan. Targeting the Hippo pathway in NF-2 deficient papillary kidney cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1288.
Substance Use and Sexual Risk Behavior in Sexual Minority Hispanic Adolescents

Abstract Purpose This study examines substance use and sexual risk in sexual minority Hispanic adolescents (SMHAs) relative to their heterosexual counterparts. Methods Baseline data (total, n=1,632; SMHA, n=195) from five completed trials of a family-based intervention for Hispanic adolescents were synthesized. SMHA were identified by self-reported anal/vaginal/oral sex with a partner of the same gender (SMHA vs. non-SMHA). Dichotomous outcomes were lifetime and past 90-day cigarette, alcohol and illicit drug use, past 90-day condomless sex, and condom use at last sex. Logistic regression models controlled for sociodemographic and study-level characteristics testing the association between sexual minority status and each outcome. Results SMHA reported significantly more substance use than non-SMHA, including lifetime cigarette and illicit drug use. Adjusted odds of lifetime use for all substances and past 90-day cigarette use (AOR = 3.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.50–6.31) were significantly higher in SMHA. Conclusions SMHA substance use etiology should be explored to inform tailored intervention development.
History of Higher Education: Educational Reform and the Emergence of the Nursing Professorate.

At the end of the 19th century and prior to any published nursing theories, a number of visionaries in the field of nursing were engaged in the pursuit of a liberal education for nurses. These special people, rarely considered in contemporary nursing curricula, were responsible for moving nursing education out of hospitals and into universities. This shift was primarily responsible for the development of nursing professors, which never may have developed had nursing education remained under the auspices of hospitals.
Modification of the H2 Desorption Properties of LiAlH4 through Doping with Ti

Undoped LiAlH4 displays complex thermal behavior in which melting at ∼170 °C is accompanied by spontaneous decomposition to produce Al, H2, and Li3AlH6: this latter species then decomposes further to LiH, H2, and Al at ∼225 °C. For undoped LiAlH4, melting corresponds to initial absorption, then release, of the latent heat of fusion as LiAlH4 decomposes to LiH, Li3AlH6, Al, and H2, and the first three species spontaneously solidify. Doping LiAlH4 with low levels of TiCl3 advances its thermal decomposition by 60−75 °C, bringing this event below the melting point of LiAlH4 and uncoupling it from the composite melting−decomposition−solidification event that appears at ca. 170 °C for the undoped material. As a result, the desorption of H2 from both LiAlH4 and Li3AlH6 are each revealed to be intrinsically endothermic events, in contrast with previous reports that described the decomposition of LiAlH4 to produce H2 as an exothermic process. Accordingly, the release of H2 by Ti-doped LiAlH4 may be varied and shut...
Statin use in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Abstract Background Statins are recommended for use in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality. However, much of the data regarding benefits of statins stem from the cardiovascular literature. Here, we review the literature regarding statin use specifically in patients with PAD regarding its effects on cardiovascular events and mortality, limb-related outcomes, statin use after endovascular interventions, statin dosing, and concerns about statins. Methods We performed a literature review using PubMed for literature after the year 2000. Search terms included "statins," "peripheral arterial disease," "peripheral vascular disease," "lipid-lowering medication," and "cardiovascular disease." Results There is good evidence of statins lowering cardiovascular events and cardiovascular-related mortality in patients with PAD. Though revascularization rates were reduced with statins, amputation rates and amputation-free survival did not improve. Small randomized controlled trials show that patients taking statins can slightly improve pain-free walking distance or pain-free walking time, although the extent of the effect on quality of life is unclear. Statin use for patients undergoing endovascular interventions is recommended because of the reduction of postoperative cardiovascular events. Not enough data exist to support local effects of systemic statin therapy, such as prevention of restenosis. For statin dosing, there is little increased benefit to intense therapy compared with the adverse effects, whereas moderate-dose therapy has significant benefits with very few adverse effects. Adverse effects of moderate-dose statin therapy are rare and mild and are greatly outweighed by the cardiovascular benefits. Conclusions There is strong evidence to support use of statins in patients with PAD to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality. Use in patients undergoing open and endovascular interventions is also recommended. Statin use may reduce the need for revascularization, but reductions in amputation have not been shown. Moderate-dose statin therapy is safe, and the minor risks are greatly outweighed by benefits.
DETERMINANTS OF STAFF COMPETENCY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEBT COLLECTION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the determinants of determinants of staff competency on the effectiveness of debt collection in commercial banks. Methodology: The research was carried out through descriptive survey design. The total population of the study was 1118credit managers/supervisors or branch managersof the 37 commercial banks. A sample size of 118 respondents was selected through random sampling technique, which represents a 10% of the population. The study used both secondary and primary data specifically the study used a questionnaire as the preferred data collection tool. The questionnaire had close ended questions only. Secondary data on the level of Nonperforming loans/Gross loans was also collected. This study used the quantitative method of data analysis. Quantitative methods of data analysis included inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and measures of tendency mainly mean. Inferential statistics include correlation and regression analysis. The tool for data analysis was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 program. The results were presented using tables and pie charts to give a clear picture of the research findings. Results: It was possible to conclude that staff competence was highly emphasized in the banks. Results led to a conclusion that all employees received induction training and all the learning was incorporated on the job training. Results revealed that on the job training was important and effective in improving employee performance; training had improved the employees’ knowledge gap about the bank, which helped them to adjust comfortably to the work environment. It was also possible to conclude that the bank encouraged staff exchange programs with other employees who improve work knowledge and productivity and the bank offers short training in form of seminars to improve staff competency.Correlation results led to conclusion that that the relationship between staff competency and non-performing loans is negative and significant. The findings imply that staff competency has a significant effect on non-performing loans in the banks. Policy recommendation: it is recommended that staff competence be emphasized in the banks as it has an effect on the overall achievement of effective debt collection practices. Therefore the management is urged to encourage sharingofpotentially sensitive information on costs, quality, and productivity on financial performance with other employees.
PRIMORDIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AND INFLATION: POSSIBILITIES FOR DETECTION

The curl-modes of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization probe horizon-scale primordial gravitational waves related to inflation. A significant source of confusion is expected from a lensing conversion of polarization related to density perturbations to the curl mode, during the propagation of photons through the large scale structure. Either high resolution CMB anisotropy observations or 21 cm fluctuations at redshifts 30 and higher can be used to delens polarization data and to separate gravitational-wave polarization signature from that of cosmic-shear related signal. Separations based on proposed lensing reconstruction techniques for reasonable future experiments allow the possibility to probe inflationary energy scales down to 1015GeV. Beyond CMB polarization, at frequencies between 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz, space-based laser interferometers can also be used to probe the inflationary gravitational wave background. The confusion here is related to the removal of merging neutron star binaries at cosmolo...
Teacher–Student Relationships, Student Engagement, and Academic Achievement for Non-Latino and Latino Youth

Teacher–student relationships are crucial to engagement and school success for youth. However, forging caring and supportive teacher–student relationships can be challenging. Further, engagement appears to decline along with achievement. Regardless of limited research reviews on teacher–student relationships, engagement, and achievement for school-aged students, there is an urgent need for reviews focused on youth and Latino youth in particular. This study synthesized 26 studies on teacher–student relationships, engagement, and achievement for non-Latino (16 studies) and Latino youth (10 studies). The findings were similar for non-Latino and Latino youth, with positive associations and engagement as a mediator. Teacher–student relationships (emotional support, instrumental help, clear expectations, and classroom safety) and student engagement (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive) were defined as multidimensional constructs. The findings primarily focused on emotional support and behavioral engagement. Both bodies of literature were theoretically driven (self-determination theory, ecological theory), employed surveys as the primary measure and reliable measures. There was a lack of studies with experimental, longitudinal design, qualitative methods, random sampling, power analyses and reported validity of the measures. Major differences included mixed results for the moderation effect of gender among non-Latino youth. The quality of the literature for non-Latino youth was relatively more rigorous and stronger.
Carotid artery occlusion following a karate punch to the neck

A 43-year-old corrections officer developed right neck and posterior head pain following a karate punch to the right side of the neck during self-defense training. One week later, he developed an acute left hemiparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a right hemisphere cerebral infarction and absence of signal flow void in the right internal carotid artery. Carotid ultrasound demonstrated complete occlusion of the right internal carotid artery without evidence of atherosclerotic disease. Carotid occlusion with cerebrovascular infarction is a possible complication of martial arts training involving forceful blows to the neck.
The Invasion of and Extensive Expansion in Europe Concomitant with the Formation of Sections

During the late 1950s interest in the Regional Science Association, the Regional Science Research Institute and the Department of Regional Science and their programs also mounted rapidly in the international community. Along with the Bellagio conference about which more will be said later, there followed in the summer of 1960 lectures and papers given by regional scientists at several scholarly meetings in Europe. These meetings took place at the Hague, Paris, Bellagio Zagreb, Warsaw, Stockholm and Lund. The newsletters of March 21, Summer 1960 and October 20, 1960 report relevant details.
Tissue-specific transcription of proteases and nucleases across the accessory salivary gland, principal salivary gland and gut of Nezara viridula.

Abstract The phytophagous stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) infests multiple plant species and impacts agricultural production worldwide. We analyzed the transcriptomes of N. viridula accessory salivary gland (ASG), principal salivary gland (PSG) and gut, with a focus on putative digestive proteases and nucleases that present a primary obstacle for the stability of protein- or nucleic acid-based stink bug control approaches. We performed high throughput Illumina sequencing followed by de novo transcriptome assemblies. We identified the sequences of 141 unique proteases and 134 nucleases from the N. viridula transcriptomes. Analysis of relative transcript abundance in conjunction with previously reported proteome data (Lomate and Bonning, 2016) supports high levels of serine protease expression in the salivary glands and high cysteine protease expression in the gut. Specifically, trypsin and chymotrypsin transcripts were abundant in the PSG, and cathepsin L-like cysteine protease transcripts were abundant in the gut. Nuclease transcript levels were generally lower than those of the proteases, the exception being abundant transcripts of ribonuclease-C20 in the PSG. The abundance of chymotrypsin, trypsin, and some carboxypeptidase transcripts suggests a significant role for the PSG in production of digestive enzymes. This result is at odds with the premise that the ASG produces watery saliva, which is high in enzymatic activity, while the PSG produces only sheath saliva. We have generated a comprehensive transcriptome sequence dataset from the digestive organs of N. viridula, identified major protease and nuclease genes and confirmed expression of the most abundant enzymes thereby providing greater insight into the digestive physiology of N. viridula.
Molecular modelling and machine learning for high-throughput screening of metal-organic frameworks for hydrogen storage

Hydrogen is an appealing energy storage solution for electric vehicles due to its low environmental impact and faster recharge times compared to batteries. However, there are many engineering chall...
Renewal Through Platformatization: A Complementor Strategy Perspective

The current study provides a complementor perspective to research on technological platform ecosystems. The key factors used to shape complementor distinctive positioning are examined at the EMC Co...
Buying blue helmets: The role of foreign aid in the construction of UN peacekeeping missions:

While the evolving nature and proliferation of UN peacekeeping operations in the post-Cold War period is well documented, we know less about how personnel are recruited for these missions. Furtherm...
Using an onion like neutron scattering instrument model to quickly optimize design parameters

Abstract When designing a neutron scattering instrument, one of the major challenges is the many parameters, generally interdependent, within the optimization. In this paper we describe an approach using McStas 1-3 to quickly get a good overview of how changes in instrument parameters will impact neutron scattering instrument performance.
Assessment of the Adaptation of Interim Crowns using Different Measurement Techniques

PURPOSE To compare the internal fit and marginal discrepancy of acrylic resin interim crowns fabricated by different manufacturing methods, and to test the consistency of measuring marginal discrepancy and internal fit between different measuring techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A dentoform mandibular left first molar was prepared for an all-ceramic crown. Thirty-six interim crowns were fabricated and divided into three groups (n = 12): group BAC (Bis-acrylic composite, fabricated manually), group CAM (CAD/CAM polymethylmethacrylate resin, milled), and group 3DP (3D printed methacrylic oligomers, printed). The internal fit of the interim crowns was evaluated by the silicone replica technique and by X-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) technique. The marginal discrepancy of the interim crowns was evaluated by the vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) (Aquasil Ultra XLV) impression technique and by optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Turkey tests at α = 0.05. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the different measurement techniques and marginal discrepancy/internal fit. RESULTS The manually fabricated interim crowns (group BAC) had significantly greater discrepancy of internal fit than did the digitally fabricated crowns (group CAM and group 3DP) measured by both silicone replica technique and µCT 2-dimensional (2D) image measurement. There were no statistically significant differences in the cement space volume values obtained by the µCT image technique between group BAC and group 3DP (p = 0.285). The coefficient of determination between the two volumetric measurement techniques was low (R2 = 0.30). For marginal discrepancy, the manually fabricated interim crowns had a wider absolute marginal discrepancy than both digitally fabricated groups (p < 0.05). In both the VPS impression and OCT assessment, there was no statistically significant difference between group CAM and group 3DP (p = 0.798 and 0.994, respectively). The coefficient of determination between the VPS impression and OCT techniques for marginal discrepancy measurement was low (R2 = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS Digitally fabricated interim crowns (group CAM and group 3DP) had better internal fit and smaller marginal discrepancy than manually fabricated interim crowns (group BAC). For comparison of the different evaluation techniques, the silicone replica technique and µCT measurements had low correlation for internal fit assessment, as did the PVS impression and OCT techniques for marginal discrepancy test.
Optimization of sonar transducers via evolutionary algorithms

Tonpilz acoustic transducer is a device for detecting objects under the water and measuring their properties. The Tonpilz includes a stack of piezoelectric actuators polarized across their thickness. The range of pressure level on the working frequency band and the sound pressure level at the resonance frequency are two crucial factors determining the performance of the transducer. A large number of structural and material attributes makes the design process of Tonpilz difficult. This study aims to improve the performance of a Tonpilz by using the optimization to find the globally optimum design variable set. A multi-objective function is introduced based on transducer performance measures. Furthermore, the problem of mixed-integer programming is addressed. Based on the geometrical and operational limits, a series of constraints were introduced in the optimization problem. The results show that optimizing the design variables greatly enhances performance.