cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wireless implantable systems for gastric electrical-wave recording

Gastric contractions are coordinated by an underlying bioelectrical activity, termed slow waves. Aberrant slow-wave patterns have been associated with gastric dysmotility. High-resolution mapping of slow waves has potential to detect the mechanisms underlying gastric dysrhythmias. I will present our recent efforts towards the development of wireless implantable systems for gastric slow-wave recording. First, an inductively powered implantable system will be presented along with its shortcomings. Then, a new paradigm will be presented for large-scale gastric interfacing by developing a network of distributed, miniaturized, ultrasonically interrogated implants. Finally, the concept of a new technique for robust ultrasonic beamforming will be presented.
From Allocations to Series LLCs: 2011's Partnership Tax Articles

This article reviews the partnership tax articles published in student-edited journals in 2011. The articles comprise a rich output on timely topics and demonstrate that partnership tax is primed for even more scholarly attention.
The Transition to School in Rural America: A Focus on Literacy

One of the most important transition points for children during childhood is the transition to formal schooling. Studies have shown that these early school years set the trajectory for children’s academic performance throughout their schooling, especially in the area of reading (Alexander & Entwisle, 1988; Juel, 1988; Morrison & Connor, chapter 12 this volume; Vernon-Feagans, 1996; Vernon-Feagans & Blair, 2006). These studies have shown that children who do not progress quickly in reading in the early school years, have a diffi cult time catching up in the later elementary years. For instance, Juel (1988) found that “the probability that a child would remain a poor reader at the end of fourth grade if the child was a poor reader at the end of fi rst grade was .88%” (p. 440).
White Higher Education Leaders on the Complexities of Whiteness and Anti-Racist Leadership

In the midst of a global pandemic, racialized violence, and civil unrest, higher education leaders are faced with a difficult reality as their constituents call for meaningful engagemen­­­t and leadership. While many higher education institutions claim to value racial equity and inclusion and have identified them as hallmarks in their mission statements or strategic plans, a culture of whiteness and everyday white supremacy continue to plague higher education institutions. Given the limited research that examines White higher education leaders’ perspectives on race, racism and anti-racist leadership efforts, this critical phenomenological study explores how ten White higher education leaders navigate racial equity efforts at their institutions and the role their racial identity plays in the process. Specifically, this study examines the complexities and intricacies of whiteness in higher education and offers insight into the development of anti-racist policies, practices, and tools for White higher education leaders to begin thinking about their work in relation to their whiteness.
Association of Patient Reported Global Health Measures with Frailty Scores in Acutely Injured Older Adults

The older population is particularly vulnerable to traumatic injury. Frailty scores, used to estimate the physiologic status of an individual, are key to identifying those most at risk for injury. Global health measures such as the Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR-12) are quality of life measures that assess older adults’ overall perception of their health and may serve as a useful adjunct when predicting frailty. Herein, we evaluated whether components of the VR-12 correlated with worse frailty scores over time. Older adults (≥65) admitted to burn, trauma, or emergency general surgery services were prospectively enrolled. Demographics, frailty determined using the Trauma Specific Frailty Index (TSFI), and VR-12 surveys were collected at enrollment and 3, 6, 9, and 12-month follow-ups. A physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) was produced by VR-12 surveys for comparison purposes. Fifty-eight patients were enrolled, of which 8 died. No significant changes in PCS (p = 0.25) and MCS (p = 0.56) were observed over time. PCS (p = 0.97) and MCS (p = 0.78) at enrollment did not predict mortality. PCS (OR = 0.894 [0.84–0.95], p = 0.0004) and age (OR = 1.113 [1.012–1.223], p = 0.03) independently predicted enrollment frailty. These global measures of health could be utilized in lieu or in addition to frailty scores when assessing patients in the setting of acute injury. Studies are warranted to confirm this association.
Adverse effects and antibody titers in response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in a prospective study of healthcare workers

Abstract Background mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are playing a key role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. The relationship between post-vaccination symptoms and strength of antibody responses is unclear. Objective To determine whether adverse effects caused by vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine are associated with the magnitude of vaccine-induced antibody levels. Design Single center, prospective, observational cohort study. Setting Participants worked at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center and were seen monthly at the Naval Medical Research Center Clinical Trials Center. Participants Generally healthy adults that were not severely immunocompromised, had no history of COVID-19, and were seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prior to vaccination. Measures Severity of vaccine-associated symptoms was obtained through participant completed questionnaires. Testing for IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and receptor binding domain was conducted using microsphere-based multiplex immunoassays. Results 206 participants were evaluated (69.4% female, median age 41.5 years old). We found no correlation between vaccine-associated symptom severity scores and vaccine-induced antibody titers one month after vaccination. We also observed that 1) post-vaccination symptoms were inversely correlated with age and weight and more common in women, 2) systemic symptoms were more frequent after the second vaccination, 3) high symptom scores after first vaccination were predictive of high symptom scores after second vaccination, and 4) older age was associated with lower titers. Limitations Study only observes antibody responses and consists of healthy participants. Conclusions Lack of post-vaccination symptoms following receipt of the BNT162b2 vaccine does not equate to lack of vaccine-induced antibodies one month after vaccination. This study also suggests that it may be possible to design future mRNA vaccines that confer robust antibody responses with lower frequencies of vaccine-associated symptoms. Funding This study was executed by the Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a Department of Defense (DoD) program executed by the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) through a cooperative agreement by the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF). This project has been funded by the Defense Health Program, U.S. DoD, under award HU00012120067. Project funding for JHP was in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E. The funding bodies have had no role in the study design or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
0.01-22-GHz Feedback-Stabilized Single-Supply GaAs Cascode Distributed Amplifiers

This letter presents the design of five-cell cascode distributed amplifiers (DAs) in the WIN Semiconductor PIH1-10 enhancement-mode GaAs pHEMT process. Single- and two-stage DA monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are demonstrated, with die areas not exceeding 2.5 x 1.5 mm² and same-polarity supply and bias voltages. The cascode cells are stabilized using an RC drain-gate feedback network at the common-gate transistor of each cell, and a stability analysis is presented. All transistors have a gate width of 2 μm x 75-μm, with 750-μm total common-source gate periphery per single-stage design. The measured small-signal gain is 11.5 dB with 2.6 dB flatness and 23.2 dB with 3.2 dB flatness for the one- and two-stage amplifiers, respectively, from 10 MHz to 22 GHz. The amplifiers produce over 20-dBm output power at 3-dB gain saturation across the band.
Multifaceted Effects of Ligand on Nuclear Receptor Mobility

Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily function as both intracellular receptors and transcription factors, modulating transcription of target genes in response to hormone. In the classical model of steroid hormone action, after crossing the plasma membrane hormone binds to cytoplasmic pools of receptor that are then rapidly translocated to the nucleus to facilitate gene transcription. Extensive studies since then have revealed a far more complicated story. The nuclear receptors are remarkably dynamic proteins that can undergo rapid nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in the presence or absence of hormone. They display a diversity of distributions within the cell, showing variation in transport mechanisms between the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments and in their intranuclear dynamics. This chapter highlights key features of three main categories of intracellular localization into which the nuclear receptors can be roughly sorted: ligand-dependent nuclear accumulation, ligand-dependent intranuclear localization, and ligand-independent trafficking.
Quality of Primary Care for the Adult Population With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Protocol for a Scoping Review.

Background: A strong primary care system is vital to overall health. Research on the primary care of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has mostly focused on children. A synthesis of the existing literature related to the quality of primary care for the adult population with ASD would elucidate what is known about the topic as well as inform future research and clinical practice. Objective: The purpose of our scoping review is to describe what is known about the quality of primary care for adults with ASD and identify knowledge gaps. Methods: Prior to beginning the literature search, we reviewed literature related to defining both primary care and primary care quality to establish the context and concept of the research question. The search strategy was designed and executed by a research librarian. The MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases were searched for relevant literature. Grey literature will include relevant reports from government websites and associations with a focus on ASD. Two members of the research team will independently screen the academic and grey literature. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods study designs involving the quality of primary care services or patient-centered care for adults with ASD are eligible for inclusion in our scoping review. Studies that make it past the full-text review will undergo data extraction and quality appraisal by 2 independent reviewers. The data extraction results will be presented in a tabular format to clearly present what is known about the quality of primary care for adults with ASD; this table will be accompanied by a narrative synthesis. Literature selected for extraction will be coded for themes, which will form the basis of a thematic synthesis. The scoping review will follow the guidance proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: The search of electronic databases was conducted in October 2020, and it returned 2820 results. This research is still in progress. The results from our scoping review are expected to be available by fall 2021. Conclusions: The results from our scoping review will be useful for guiding future research on the quality of primary care for adults with ASD.
L-arginine prevents heart transplant arteriosclerosis by modulating the vascular cell proliferative response to insulin-like growth factor-I and interleukin-6.

Background : L-arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, inhibits myointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in native vessels. No studies are published on L-arginine effects on transplant arteriosclerosis. Insulin-like growth factor-I and interleukin-6 are mitogenic for smooth muscle cells and are involved in the cell-mediated and humoral immune response. Methods : New Zealand White rabbits received cardiac allografts from Dutch Belted rabbits. All animals were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet and received drinking water with (eight pairs) or without (eight pairs) L-arginine (2.5%) from day 7 to until they were killed at day 42. The recipients received cyclosporine A 10 mg/kg/day from transplantation until the time they were killed. Results : Dietary L-arginine reduces myointimal hyperplasia in allograft coronary arteries from 44% ± 4% in the non-L-arginine group to 16% ± 2% (p < 0.002). The L-arginine significantly inhibits graft vascular cell proliferation induced by (1) insulin-like growth factor-I, from 328% ± 66% to 154% ± 28% (p < 0.05), (2) interleukin-6, from 376% ± 97% to 138% ± 30% (p < 0.05) and (3) the combination of insulin-like growth factor-I and interleukin-6 from 710% ± 201% to 226% ± 72% (p < 0.05). In recipient native aorta explants L-arginine also abolishes vascular cell proliferation stimulated by insulin-like growth factor-I and interleukin-6. The rejection grading is similar in the L-arginine (2.9 ± 0.1) and control groups (2.7 ± 0.1). Class II major histocompatibility antigen expression, T-lymphocyte, and macrophage infiltration in the cardiac allograft are unaffected by L-arginine. However, the diet significantly increased plasma nitric oxide from 15.4 ± 2.3 to 45.1 ± 11 μmol (p < 0.05). Conclusions : Dietary L-arginine attenuates transplant arteriosclerosis in vivo without affecting rejection. The protective effect seen in these experiments may relate to the generation of sufficient nitric oxide to prevent smooth muscle cell response to mitogens like insulin-like growth factor-I and interleukin-6.
Import and Processing of the Major Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll A/B Binding Protein of PSII

An essential step in the pathway of protein import into the chloroplast is the proteolytic removal of the N-terminal extension, the transit peptide. We have demonstrated previously that upon import wheat preLHCP is cleaved at two sites, referred to as the primary and secondary sites, which, respectively, give rise to two peptides of approximately 26 and 25 kD (Lamppa and Abad, 1987; Clark et al., 1990). We have recently identified a soluble processing enzyme of ~200 kD that cleaves preLHCP in an organelle-free assay, yielding only the 25 kD peptide (Abad et al., 1989). In the present study, the specificity of the processing enzyme was investigated. Details of this study have recently been presented (Abad et al., 1991; Clark et al., 1991). To expedite our analysis the precursor was synthesized in Escherichia coli. Three questions were addressed: 1) where within preLHCP does the processing enzyme cleave? 2) does the same enzyme that cleaves preLHCP at the secondary site in the organelle-free assay also cleave other precursors, i.e. is it a general processing enzyme? and 3) what are the structural determinants within preLHCP that are critical for cleavage at the primary and secondary sites?
Discovery of a Selective and CNS Penetrant Negative Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 3 with Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity in Rodents

Previous preclinical work has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of antagonists of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus). Still, compounds that are selective for the individual group II mGlus (mGlu2 and mGlu3) have been scarce. There remains a need for such compounds with the balance of properties suitable for convenient use in a wide array of rodent behavioral studies. We describe here the discovery of a selective mGlu3 NAM 106 (VU0650786) suitable for in vivo work. Compound 106 is a member of a series of 5-aryl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-4(5H)-one compounds originally identified as a mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) chemotype. Its suitability for use in rodent behavioral models has been established by extensive in vivo PK studies, and the behavioral experiments presented here with compound 106 represent the first examples in which an mGlu3 NAM has demonstrated efficacy in models where prior efficacy had previously been noted with nonselective group II antagonists.
Food Security and Safety

Times have changed since the days of royal tasters. As our concerns extend to the rest of the kingdom and beyond national borders, we face the critical need to develop increasingly complex policies to ensure the safety of the mainstream food supply. Incidents involving food contamination, particularly salmonella and E. coli in eggs, peanuts, and produce have been numerous and widespread. Tainted foods have caused illnesses and deaths that perhaps could have been prevented by more rigorous and proactive policies. Recognition has emerged that consumers need greater protection before these outbreaks occur, through more stringent requirements and better enforcement of food safety standards, including inspections. Moreover, traceability and recall mechanisms are necessary to resolve the problems that do arise. Food safety is important for all foods, regardless of the process to produce them. These concerns are heightened in the area of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), where scientific uncertainty compounds the issues in the effort to determine and evaluate the risks of harm to human health and the environment as essential elements in developing food safety regulation.
Robotic‐Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy for a 7‐cm Mass in a Renal Allograft

Treatment options for a suspicious renal mass in a renal allograft include radical nephrectomy or nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). To our knowledge robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RPN) as treatment for a renal mass in a transplant kidney has not been previously reported. We report the case of RPN for a 7-cm renal mass in a transplanted kidney. A 35-year-old female with reflux nephropathy received a living-related donor kidney transplant in 1986. At 24 years after transplantation she had a 7-cm Bosniak III cystic mass of the allograft detected on computerized tomography (CT) scan. Preoperative creatinine was 2.2 mg/dL with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 25 mL/min/1.73 m2. RPN was performed with bulldog clamping of the renal vessels, the graft was left in situ and immunosuppression was maintained postoperatively. Tumor diameter was 7.3 cm with a nephrometry score of 10a. Warm ischemia time (WIT) was 26.5 min. Estimated blood loss was 100 mL. There was no change between pre- and postoperative eGFR. There were no operative complications. Histology was papillary renal cell carcinoma type 1, nuclear grade 2. Margins were negative. RPN is a technically feasible treatment option for a suspicious renal mass in renal allografts.
Sulfanilamide and sulfathiazole therapy in acute salpingitis

Abstract The sulfonamides have been found to be of value in the treatment of gonorrhea in both the male 2,9 and female. 1, 3, 6, 7 Numerous reports attest to the efficacy of sulfanilamide, sulfathiazole and sulfapyridine in the cure of gonococcal infections below the internal os in the female. In view of the good results obtained with chemotherapy in treating gonococcal urethritis and endocervicitis, it appeared necessary to investigate thoroughly the effectiveness of the sulfonamides in the treatment of acute adnexal disease. Since the onset of this study several reports 4, 5, 10 have appeared in literature which discredit the use of these drugs in adnexal disease, although it appears that this form of therapy may be of value in the treatment of the initial attacks of salpingitis before palpable masses have formed.
Acute Care vs. Chronic Care Models of Service to the Elderly

(1993). Acute Care vs. Chronic Care Models of Service to the Elderly. Loss, Grief & Care: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 55-66.
MUMPS VIRUS INFECTION SIMULATING PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS A Report of II Cases

Eleven cases clinically considered to be mild paralytic poliomyelitis are reported in which there was clearcut serologic evidence of mumps virus infection. Poliomyelitis viruses were not isolated from the stools and complement-fixing and neutralizing antibodies to poliomyelitis were either absent (4 cases) or did not significantly change in titer between the acute- and convalescent-phase specimens of serum. Clinically, fever, headache, vomiting, nuchal rigidity, stiff back, muscle pain and slight to moderate weakness of several muscle groups were prominent manifestations. The cerebrospinal fluid uniformly contained over 100 leukocytes and commonly over 300, predominantly lymphocytes. Only 2 of the 11 cases developed evidence of parotitis, and in these, parotitis did not antecede the central nervous system manifestations. Electroencephalograms were abnormal in 3 of 8 cases. All 11 cases had evident muscle weakness at the end of the acute phase of illness, and four had slight residual weakness on convalescent examination 2 to 5 months after onset. There was no significant predilection for any muscle group. These observations emphasize that central nervous system involvement with the virus of mumps may be manifested as a syndrome of meningomyelitis and be erroneously diagnosed as paralytic poliomyelitis. Weakness is usually highly transitory but residual involvement may persist for some months. As the incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis is reduced by widespread immunization mumps virus may assume increasing relative importance as a cause of "poliomyelitis-like" disease.
Botryllophilus kozloffi, new species (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Ascidicolidae), living in the compound ascidian Clavelina lepadiformis (Müller) from Roscoff, France

Abstract Botryllophilus kozloffi is described, based on females living in the branchial sac of the zooid of the compound ascidian Clavelina lepadiformis (Muller, 1776) collected at Roscoff, France. The new copepod belongs to subgroup 2 (leg armature formula pattern II) of female morphotype A (urosome 5-segmented) of the genus, and is primarily characterized by the following morphological features: 1) metasome (segmentation indistinct) large and inflated dorsally, anterior prosome strongly curved from left to right, and urosome long cylindrical; 2) on medial margin of mandibular coxa, 2 conical spines each associated with 1 small subconical spine anteroproximally; 3) right leg 1 exopod approximately trapezoidal, bearing 7 long spines (I–VII) on wide distal margin, its central distal portion bearing 4 spines (II–V) distinctly protruded; and 4) leg 5 short stout, directed posterolaterally.
Genomic expression dominance in allopolyploids

Allopolyploid speciation requires rapid evolutionary reconciliation of two diverged genomes and gene regulatory networks. Here we describe global patterns of gene expression accompanying genomic merger and doubling in inter-specific crosses in the cotton genus (Gossypium L.). Employing a micro-array platform designed against 40,430 unigenes, we assayed gene expression in two sets of parental diploids and their colchicine-doubled allopolyploid derivatives. Up to half of all genes were differentially expressed among diploids, a striking level of expression evolution among congeners. In the allopolyploids, most genes were expressed at mid-parent levels, but this was achieved via a phenomenon of genome-wide expression dominance, whereby gene expression was either up- or down-regulated to the level of one of the two parents, independent of the magnitude of gene expression. This massive expression dominance was approximately equal with respect to direction (up- or down-regulation), and the same diploid parent could be either the dominant or the recessive genome depending on the specific genomic combination. Transgressive up- and down-regulation were also common in the allopolyploids, both for genes equivalently or differentially expressed between the parents. Our data provide novel insights into the architecture of gene expression in the allopolyploid nucleus, raise questions regarding the responsible underlying mechanisms of genome dominance, and provide clues into the enigma of the evolutionary prevalence of allopolyploids.
The effect of substrate temperature on the thermal diffusivity and bonding characteristics of plasma sprayed beryllium

Abstract Plasma spraying is under investigation as a method for in-situ repair of damaged beryllium and tungsten plasma facing surfaces for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the next generation magnetic fusion energy device, and is also being considered as a potential fabrication method for beryllium and tungsten plasma-facing components for the first wall of ITER. Investigators at Los Alamos National Laboratory's Beryllium Atomization and Thermal Spray Facility have concentrated on investigating the structure-property relationship between the as-deposited microstructures of plasma sprayed beryllium coatings and the resulting thermal properties of the coatings. In this study, the effect of substrate temperature on the resulting thermal diffusivity of the beryllium coatings and the thermal diffusivity at the coating/beryllium substrate interface was investigated. Results have shown that increases in the beryllium substrate temperature can improve the thermal diffusivity of the beryllium coatings. Results also indicate that the thermal resistance at the interface between the beryllium coating and the beryllium substrate were minimal and showed little dependence on the substrate temperature. The effective bond strength and failure characteristics of plasma spray beryllium on beryllium surfaces were predominately dominated by mechanical interlocking at low substrate temperatures and increased metallurgical bonding at higher substrate temperatures.
Azbel'-Kaner cyclotron resonance in ruthenium dioxide

Abstract Measurements of cyclotron effective mass in the {110} plane of rutile structured RuO 2 are reported. Tentative connection is made with recent De Haas-Van Alphen data.
Control of a phosphate processing plant via a synergistic architecture for adaptive, intelligent control

Abstract The field of computational intelligence (CI) is primarily concerned with the development of computer systems that are capable of adapting to and exploiting information about their environments, much like organisms in natural systems are capable of doing. It is no coincidence therefore, that the field of CI relies heavily on computer techniques patterned after natural systems. Many of these techniques including neural networks, genetic algorithms, and fuzzy logic have demonstrated their utility in solving problems independent of other methods. However, as the systems we seek to control, design, and improve become increasingly complex, it is unlikely that any single CI technique will prove to be adequate. This paper describes an architecture combining the three CI techniques listed above that can be used to produce process control systems suitable for effectively manipulating complex engineering systems characterized by relatively slow process dynamics. Implementation of the architecture results in a level-two intelligent control system . The effectiveness of the level-two intelligent controller is demonstrated via application to an operating phosphate processing plant.
Transformation of NIH 3T3 Cells by HER3 or HER4 Receptors Requires the Presence of HER1 or HER2

Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies. The ability of one EGFR subfamily member to influence, or function synergistically with, another is likely to be a general feature of these receptors. To assess the role of receptor heterodimerization, we analyzed the ability of Neu differentiation factor (NDF) to induce cell growth and transformation of NIH 3T3 cells transfected with different combinations of the EGFR subfamily of receptors. NDF induced mitogenesis, but not transformation, of cells expressing either HER3 or HER4 alone. However, NDF-induced cell transformation was observed when either HER1 or HER2 was coexpressed with HER3 or HER4. In analogous receptor phosphorylation experiments, NDF-induced transphosphorylation appears to be correlated with synergistic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Interestingly, transphosphorylation between HER1 and HER4 can be stimulated by either EGF or NDF.
Soil Resilient Modulus Regressed from Physical Properties and Influence of Seasonal Variation on Asphalt Pavement Performance

Subgrade soil, as the critical underlying support for other pavement layers and traffic loads, should be stiff enough to maintain the integrity of pavement structures and the smoothness of pavement surface. The resilient modulus, as an indicator of subgrade stiffness, is an essential input in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG). At input level 1 of MEPDG, the MEPDG generalized model is required to describe resilient modulus of subgrade soil, and the coefficients of this model are used for pavement design. The change of the resilient modulus model has raised the interest of many state highway agencies and made it necessary to convert old resilient modulus test data into new ones required for the MEPDG model. In this study, the coefficients of the generalized and the universal models for soil resilient modulus were obtained through regression of the results of 13 soils in Tennessee. The coefficients of the two models were also compared. There is a potential risk that the coefficients from the universal model may be mistakenly used in the MEPDG instead of those coefficients from the generalized model. The consequence of this improper use was demonstrated in the comparison between the miscalculated and the real resilient moduli. The coefficients of the generalized model were correlated to soil physical properties, which provided an alternate time-saving and economical method to obtain soil resilient modulus as level 2 inputs. The coefficients were obtained at different post-compaction water contents, to allow the estimation of pavement response under seasonal moisture variation of subgrade. Rutting and roughness of two typical pavement sections were analyzed to investigate the influence of the seasonal variation of soil resilient modulus on pavement performance. The results showed that moisture variation had a significant effect on subgrade resilient modulus and, subsequently, on pavement performance. It is recommended that seasonal change in soil resilient modulus be considered in the analysis on pavement performance.
A MODEL-BASED ANALYSIS OF ORTHOGONAL CUTTING FOR SINGLE-CRYSTAL FCC METALS INCLUDING CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ANISOTROPY

The anisotropy of workpiece crystals becomes prominent as the uncut chip thickness approaches to the grain size of the workpiece material. As such, in mechanical micromachining, precision machining, and diamond turning operations, the cutting forces exhibit significant variations with crystallographic orientations. In this work, a crystal-plasticity based model is used to analyze the effects of cutting geometry, friction and crystallographic anisotropy when machining face-centered cubic (fcc) single-crystals using ideally sharp cutting edges. The model adapts and combines Bishop and Hill's crystal plasticity theory with Merchant's machining force model. The total power, including the shearing and friction powers, is minimized over allowable shear angles to determine the shear angle solution and associated specific energies. The model is validated using data from the literature for both aluminum and copper single crystals; a good match is observed between the model predictions and experimental data, indica...
Computed Tomography of the Head before Lumbar Puncture in Adults with Suspected Meningitis

Background In adults with suspected meningitis clinicians routinely order computed tomography (CT) of the head before performing a lumbar puncture. Methods We prospectively studied 301 adults with suspected meningitis to determine whether clinical characteristics that were present before CT of the head was performed could be used to identify patients who were unlikely to have abnormalities on CT. The Modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was used to identify neurologic abnormalities. Results Of the 301 patients with suspected meningitis, 235 (78 percent) underwent CT of the head before undergoing lumbar puncture. In 56 of the 235 patients (24 percent), the results of CT were abnormal; 11 patients (5 percent) had evidence of a mass effect. The clinical features at base line that were associated with an abnormal finding on CT of the head were an age of at least 60 years, immunocompromise, a history of central nervous system disease, and a history of seizure within one week before presentation,...
Lorentz invariance and the composite string.

It is shown that in space-times of dimension 3, 4, 6, and 10 there exists a parametrization of the string coordinates which automatically solves the nonlinear constraints of the theory and which permits the implementation of the Lorentz transformations of the string in terms of a linear action upon these parameters. Supersymmetry transformations are also discussed. The prospect of quantizing the string in terms of a set of commutators for these parameters invariant under this action is examined.
Mechanistic Characterization of Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2/Pyridine Including Identification of the Catalyst Resting State and the Origin of Nonlinear [Catalyst] Dependence

The Pd(OAc)(2)/pyridine catalyst system is one of the most convenient and versatile catalyst systems for selective aerobic oxidation of organic substrates. This report describes the catalytic mechanism of Pd(OAc)(2)/pyridine-mediated oxidation of benzyl alcohol, which has been studied by gas-uptake kinetic methods and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The data reveal that turnover-limiting substrate oxidation by palladium(II) proceeds by a four-step pathway involving (1) formation of an adduct between the alcohol substrate and the square-planar palladium(II) complex, (2) proton-coupled ligand substitution to generate a palladium-alkoxide species, (3) reversible dissociation of pyridine from palladium(II) to create a three-coordinate intermediate, and (4) irreversible beta-hydride elimination to produce benzaldehyde. The catalyst resting state, characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy, consists of an equilibrium mixture of (py)(2)Pd(OAc)(2), 1, and the alcohol adduct of this complex, 1xRCH(2)OH. These in situ spectroscopic data provide direct support for the mechanism proposed from kinetic studies. The catalyst displays higher turnover frequency at lower catalyst loading, as revealed by a nonlinear dependence of the rate on [catalyst]. This phenomenon arises from a competition between forward and reverse reaction steps that exhibit unimolecular and bimolecular dependences on [catalyst]. Finally, overoxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid, even at low levels, contributes to catalyst deactivation by formation of a less active palladium benzoate complex.
Epigenetic inactivation of the tumor suppressor BIN1 drives proliferation of SNF5-deficient tumors

Emerging evidence demonstrates that subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex are specifically mutated at high frequency in a variety of human cancer types. SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1/BAF47), a core subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, is inactivated in the vast majority of rhabdoid tumors (RT), an aggressive type of pediatric cancer. SNF5-deficient cancers are diploid and genomically stable, suggesting that epigenetically based changes in transcription are key drivers of tumor formation caused by SNF5 loss. However, there is limited understanding of the target genes that drive cancer formation following SNF5 loss. Here we performed comparative expression analyses upon three independent SNF5-deficient cancer data sets from both human and mouse and identify downregulation of the BIN1 tumor suppressor as a conserved event in primary SNF5-deficient cancers. We show that SNF5 recruits the SWI/SNF complex to the BIN1 promoter, and that the marked reduction of BIN1 expression in RT correlates with decreased SWI/SNF occupancy. Functionally, we demonstrate that re-expression of BIN1 specifically compromises the proliferation of SNF5-deficient RT cell lines. Identification of BIN1 as a SNF5 target gene reveals a novel tumor suppressive regulatory mechanism whose disruption can drive cancer formation.
Gyroresonant pitch angle scattering by coherent and incoherent whistler mode waves in the magnetosphere

The magnitudes of gyroresonant pitch angle scattering in the magnetosphere due to interactions of energetic electrons with coherent and with incoherent whistler-mode waves are compared, using a test particle method for simulating the interaction of a particle population with a finite duration wave packet. Wave packets of 400 ms duration propagating along the magnetic field at L = 4 within the plasmasphere are considered, and the wave-induced pitch angle scattering along the propagation path from one hemisphere to the other and the resulting precipitation flux are computed. Results of the test particle analysis are compared with those expected on the basis of a classical diffusion treatment, and an expression is derived for an effective 'diffusion' coefficient for pitch angle scattering by coherent waves.
Workload characterization and performance evaluation in a research environment

This paper describes the process of bench-marking the diverse research environment that constitutes the workload of VAX/VMS at the University Analysis and Control Center at North Carolina State University. The benchmarking process began with a study of the system load and performance characteristics over the six-month period from January to June of 1981. Statistics were compiled on the number of active users, CPU usage by individual accounts, and peak load periods. Individual users were interviewed to determine the nature and major computing characteristics of the research they were conducting on VAX. Information from all sources was compiled to produce a benchmark that closely paralleled actual system activity.An analytic model was introduced and used in conjunction with the benchmark data and hardware characteristics to derive performance measures for the system. Comparisons with measured system performance were conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of the model. The model was then employed to predict performance as the system workload was increased, to suggest improvements for the system, and to examine the effects of those improvements.
Gravity Theories in More Than Four-Dimensions

String theories suggest particular forms for gravity interactions in higher dimensions. We consider an interesting class of gravity theories in more than four dimensions, clarify their geometric meaning and discuss their special properties.
Climate and pH predict the potential range of the invasive apple snail (Pomacea insularum) in the southeastern United States.

Predicting the potential range of invasive species is essential for risk assessment, monitoring, and management, and it can also inform us about a species’ overall potential invasiveness. However, modeling the distribution of invasive species that have not reached their equilibrium distribution can be problematic for many predictive approaches. We apply the modeling approach of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) that is effective with incomplete, presence-only datasets to predict the distribution of the invasive island apple snail, Pomacea insularum. This freshwater snail is native to South America and has been spreading in the USA over the last decade from its initial introductions in Texas and Florida. It has now been documented throughout eight southeastern states. The snail’s extensive consumption of aquatic vegetation and ability to accumulate and transmit algal toxins through the food web heighten concerns about its spread. Our model shows that under current climate conditions the snail should remain mostly confined to the coastal plain of the southeastern USA where it is limited by minimum temperature in the coldest month and precipitation in the warmest quarter. Furthermore, low pH waters (pH <5.5) are detrimental to the snail’s survival and persistence. Of particular note are low-pH blackwater swamps, especially Okefenokee Swamp in southern Georgia (with a pH below 4 in many areas), which are predicted to preclude the snail’s establishment even though many of these areas are well matched climatically. Our results elucidate the factors that affect the regional distribution of P. insularum, while simultaneously presenting a spatial basis for the prediction of its future spread. Furthermore, the model for this species exemplifies that combining climatic and habitat variables is a powerful way to model distributions of invasive species.
A Bowen type rigidity theorem for non-cocompact hyperbolic groups

We establish a Bowen type rigidity theorem for the fundamental group of a noncompact hyperbolic manifold of finite volume (with dimension at least 3).
Diffusion in blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile)

Forward recoil spectrometry was used to obtain the tracer (D*) and mutual (D) diffusion coefficients in a miscible polymer blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA, Tg=136°C) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) with ∼23 wt% acrylonitrile content (SAN, Tg=112°C). For blends with SAN weight fraction w of 0.2 and 0.5, the temperature dependence of D* for both species was nearly identical. Tracer diffusion coefficients D*PMMA and D*SAN were determined for matrices consisting of 176 000 molecular weight SAN (w=0.5) and various molecular weights of PMMA ranging from 27 000 to 840 000. The results were consistent with those expected from the mechanisms of reptation and constraint release. Analysis of the tracer diffusion coefficients D* showed that SAN has a monomer friction coefficient, ζ0,PMMA, about five times smaller than that of PMMA (ζ0,PMMA) in a matrix of pure PMMA, but the difference decreased monotonically as w increased, so that the ζ0 values were nearly equal when w=1. Corresponding to this relative change in ζ0, the glass transition process is broad for PMMA-rich blends and narrow for SAN-rich ones, raising the possibility that the difference in ζ0 in the PMMA-rich blends is due to the existence of two local glass transitions, one for each species in the blend. For blends at the composition of w=0.5, the D was measured as a function of PMMA molecular weight. The data followed closely the predictions of the fast theory, the result expected if D is ultimately controlled by the diffusion of the faster moving species. From the measurements of D and D* at 187°C, the composition dependence of the Flory interaction parameter was also obtained, which showed good agreement with the recent small angle neutron scattering results by Hahn et al.
The Education of Future Aeronautical Engineers: Conceiving, Designing, Implementing and Operating

This paper will outline answers to the two central questions regarding improving engineering education: (1) What is the full set of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that engineering students should possess as they leave the university, and at what level of proficiency? (2) How can we do better at ensuring that students learn these skills? The suggested answers lie within an innovative educational framework, the CDIO (conceive–design–implement–operate) Initiative. This initiative will be described along with the needs it meets, its goals, context, vision and pedagogical foundation. The first question is answered by the CDIO Syllabus and the process for reaching stakeholder consensus on the level of proficiency that students should attain in a given program. The second question is addressed through a best practice framework, which discusses curriculum design, design-implement experiences, teaching and learning, student assessment, program evaluation and faculty competence. Examples are provided of the implementation of best practices within the CDIO program in Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
Assessing Material and Symbolic Variations in Punctuated Equilibrium and Public Policy Output Patterns

Numerous researchers have confirmed sharp and punctuated policy change. Newer findings in U.S. forest policy in the Pacific Northwest and U.S. state tobacco policy have found largely nonpunctuated changes. What are the implications for punctuated equilibrium theory? U.S. state tobacco policy-making from 1990 to 2006 indicates a wide variety of nonpunctuated policy output patterns including: linear and constant, gently oscillating and increasing, linear and increasing, and linear and constant and then nonexponentially increasing. All nonpunctuated policies resulted in symbolic policy output change except state tobacco licensing, higher tobacco taxes, and enactment of clean indoor air legislation, which resulted in partially material and partially symbolic policy output change. Emerging from this research is a new public policy model based on social policy realism. Public policy output change can be quite complex, sometimes punctuated and sometimes not, reflecting the balance of power between sometimes competing and cooperating interest groups.
A Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis of Wave Scattering from Periodic Surfaces: Oblique Incidence Case

Scattering of electromagnetic waves from periodic surfaces is considered in time-domain for an oblique angle of incidence. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to obtain numerical solutions without resorting to frequency-domain analysis and Fourier transformation. For the application of FDTD method to the oblique incidence case, Maxwell's equations are transformed such that the computational domain can be truncated by using periodic boundary conditions. The FDTD method is then used to solve the transformed equations. In solving the transformed equations by the FDTD method, the absorbing boundary conditions are modified and the eigenvalues of the system are determined for the stability analysis. The final results are obtained by using the inverse transformation. Since the transformation is very simple, the computational time is primarily determined by the FDTD solution of the transformed equations. The theoretical results are illustrated by calculating the scattered fields in the computa...
View-dependent refinement of multiresolution meshes with subdivision connectivity

We present a view-dependent level-of-detail algorithm for triangle meshes with subdivision connectivity. The algorithm is more suitable for textured meshes of arbitrary topology than existing progressive mesh-based schemes. It begins with a wavelet decomposition of the mesh, and, per frame, finds a partial sum of wavelets necessary for high-quality renderings from that frame's viewpoint. We present a screen-space error metric that measures both geometric and texture deviation and tends to outperform prior error metrics developed for progressive meshes. In addition, wavelets that lie outside the view frustum or in backfacing areas are eliminated. The algorithm takes advantage of frame-to-frame coherence for improved performance and supports geomorphs for smooth transitions between levels of detail.
American Journol of Agricultural Economics

(1987). American Journol of Agricultural Economics. Applied Economics: Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 853-873.
Comparison in systemic hypertension of left ventricular mass and geometry with systolic and diastolic function in patients <65 to ≥65 years of age

Abstract Previous studies have differed on the independent effect of age and gender to left ventricular (LV) mass. Data on ventricular remodeling in hypertensive patients ≥65 years of age is lacking. Similarly, the systolic and diastolic interaction in older hypertensives is not well defined. In a prospective study, we examined the relation of LV mass, relative wall thickness, and systolic and diastolic interaction in 508 hypertensive patients between 50 and 80 years of age who were divided according to age (