cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small X Physics at the {SSC} and the Tevatron

We examine the integrated rates and differential cross-sections for b-quark pair production and Drell-Yan processes at the SSC and the Tevatron colliders, and we determine their sensitivity to a range of possible small x behaviors for the parton distribution functions (PDF’s). We find that both the integrated rates and the differential distributions for the Drell-Yan process are very sensitive to the unknown small x behavior of the PDF’s; whereas, only the integrated rates can distinguish various input PDF’s in the b-pair production process. Experiments at the Tevatron can provide very useful information on small x physics if these two processes, especially Drell-Yan, can be measured.
Methyl Bromide Fumigation Destroys Broods of the Smaller European Elm Bark Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Elm Logs

Methyl bromide fumigation of elm wood collected during sanitation cuttings for Dutch elm disease control was highly effective in destroying within-tree broods of Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham). Logs which were uninfested before fumigation were only weakly attractive to S. multistriatus , and small broods were produced.
Responses of infant Titi monkeys, Callicebus moloch, to removal of one or both parents: Evidence for paternal attachment

The response to parental separation in infant titi monkeys was evaluated. Separation from the mother for 1 hr did not elicit an adrenocortical response from the infant unless the father was also removed. Separation from the father elicited a significant elevation in adrenocortical activity even when the mother remained with the infant during the separation period. Infants showed the highest cortisol levels and vocalization rates when both parents were removed and the infant remained alone in the living cage for 1 hr. As in previous research, infants maintained higher levels of contact with the father than with the mother. The results indicate that in this monogamous New World primate, the father is the primary attachment figure for the developing
Global Models: Some Uses and Possible Developments

Qualitative models may help us to recognize similarities among patterns in society and politics. Quantitative models, usually in mathemati cal form, help us to recognize general trends and directions of change. The conditions for this construction of large-scale world models developed between 1960 and 1975. Thus far, about three dozen world models have been built. By way of illustration, one of the most recently finished models, GLOBUS, developed at the Science Center in Berlin, is discussed to show how it could be further developed in order to enhance our understanding of the complexity of global processes and their dynamics.
Retinoic acid-binding protein: A plasma membrane component

Abstract Soluble protein extracts from lyophilized plasma membranes prepared from chick embryo skin and transplantable murine carcinomas were found to contain a specific retinoic acid-binding component. This binding component showed high affinity for biologically active analogs of retinoic acid. The plasma membrane component exhibited similar physicochemical properties to those of the retinoic acid-binding protein described earlier in the cytosol. The protein exhibited mercurial-sensitive thiol functions in ligand binding; the mercurial-inhibition was reversed on treatment with thiol compounds. The plasma membrane binding component may be involved in the cellular uptake of retinoic acid.
Mining association rules from the star schema on a parallel NCR teradata database system

The Star schema is a popular relational database schema for representing multidimensional data in data warehouses. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm, named Star-miner, for mining association rules on the joined result of the tables in the Star schema. The proposed algorithm is designed to be implemented directly on a relational database system by using SQL queries. It is based on the unique properties of the Star schema and does not create the join result of the tables in the schema. We implemented and evaluated the Star-miner on a parallel NCR Teradata database system. The performance of Star-miner is more efficient and scalable than other algorithms which mine the association rules from the single joined table.
Inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by sickle erythrocytes

Abstract Interactions between erythrocytes and vascular endothelium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell anemia. Sickle erythrocytes adhere to endothelial cells and facilitate trapping of rigid sickle cells in microvessels. Compensatory dilation of precapillary arterioles may mitigate the occlusion. The endothelium regulates vasoreactivity by elaborating endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a small molecule that passes freely into vascular smooth muscle where it initiates vasorelaxation by activating soluble guanylate cyclase in the smooth muscle cell cytoplasm. Endothelial release of EDRF can be stimulated by agonists such as acetylcholine. It is highly sensitive to decomposition by superoxide anions and is rapidly bound and inactivated by oxyhemoglobin in solution. The purpose of this study was to determine whether sickle cell interaction with endothelium disrupts this mechanism of endothelial regulation of vasomotor tone. Transverse strips of rabbit aorta, mounted isometrically in organ baths, were contracted with norepinephrine, and relaxation responses to acetylcholine or other agonists were determined. Responses were measured under control conditions and again in the presence of oxyhemoglobin A or S, or erythrocytes or ghosts from normal control subjects or patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia. Sickle erythrocytes inhibited vasorelaxation to acetylcholine by 83%. Approximately half of the inhibition was attributable to a small amount of oxyhemoglobin S that was leaked into the buffer from the erythrocytes. Consistent with this, sickle erythrocyte ghosts inhibited vasorelaxation to acetylcholine by up to 45%. Ghosts from normal erythrocytes did not inhibit vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, and the inhibition seen with normal erythrocytes was entirely attributable to leakage of oxyhemoglobin A into the bath buffer. There was little or no inhibition of vasorelaxation to nitroglycerin, isoproterenol, or 8-bromocyclic guanosine monophosphate by sickle erythrocytes or ghosts, demonstrating that sickle erythrocytes predominantly inhibit endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. In addition, superoxide dismutase significantly diminished the inhibition of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation as a result of sickle erythrocytes and ghosts. These findings indicate that sickle erythrocytes and their membranes interfere with endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by inhibiting EDRF. Disruption of endothelial regulation of vasoreactivity may contribute to the development of vaso-occlusive phenomena in patients with sickle cell anemia.
Contrasting primary successional trajectories of fungi and bacteria in retreating glacier soils

Early community assembly of soil microbial communities is essential for pedogenesis and development of organic legacies. We examined fungal and bacterial successions along a well-established temperate glacier forefront chronosequence representing ~70 years of deglaciation to determine community assembly. As microbial communities may be heavily structured by establishing vegetation, we included nonvegetated soils as well as soils from underneath four plant species with differing mycorrhizal ecologies (Abies lasiocarpa, ectomycorrhizal; Luetkea pectinata, arbuscular mycorrhizal; Phyllodoce empetriformis, ericoid mycorrhizal; Saxifraga ferruginea, nonmycorrhizal). Our main objectives were to contrast fungal and bacterial successional dynamics and community assembly as well as to decouple the effects of plant establishment and time since deglaciation on microbial trajectories using high-throughput sequencing. Our data indicate that distance from glacier terminus has large effects on biomass accumulation, community membership, and distribution for both fungi and bacteria. Surprisingly, presence of plants rather than their identity was more important in structuring bacterial communities along the chronosequence and played only a very minor role in structuring the fungal communities. Further, our analyses suggest that bacterial communities may converge during assembly supporting determinism, whereas fungal communities show no such patterns. Although fungal communities provided little evidence of convergence in community structure, many taxa were nonrandomly distributed across the glacier foreland; similar taxon-level responses were observed in bacterial communities. Overall, our data highlight differing drivers for fungal and bacterial trajectories during early primary succession in recently deglaciated soils.
HEAT-RELEASE KINETICS OF AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE IN PRESENCE OF CATALYSTS AND FUEL

The rate of heat release of ammonium perchlorate-fuel and ammonium perchlorate-catalyst mixtures under adiabatic conditions was studied as a function of temperature. In the presence of catalysts, the autocatalytic feature associated with nucleation of pure ammonium perchlorate disappears and the adiabatic reaction kinetics follow Arrhenius-type behaviour. Studies made with ammonium perchlorate-fuel show that measurable heat release occurs at temperatures below the phase transition temperature of ammonium perchlorate and that the rate of heat generation per mass of material is greater than that of pure ammonium perchlorate. The rate of exothermic decomposition of pure ammonium perchlorate is unaffected by an increase in pressure. This observation suggests that the heat release is controlled by homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions in the condensed phase.
A morphine-oxycodone combo pill: toward the "holy grail" for opioids or a justifiably rejected drug?

In 1997, the Australian drug company QRx took out a US patent entitled, “Production of analgesic synergy by co-administration of sub-analgesic doses of a mu opioid agonist and a kappa-2 opioid agonist” for MoxDuo, a combination pill containing morphine and oxycodone.1 Early in its development, according to the FDA, QRx stated that its product “would provide a synergistic effect resulting in the need for lower overall opioid doses and an improved safety profile.”2 In a November 2012 memo referring to the results of a recently completed randomized clinical trial on MoxDuo, the company stated: “The 75 year search for a product having opioid efficacy without the typically associated adverse events has been compared with that for the Holy Grail.”1 The company was referring to a review of the history of opioid research in the British Journal of Pharmacology .3 The QRx memo continued, “To the best of our knowledge, MoxDuo IR [instant release] is the first opioid product to demonstrate a lower risk of respiratory depression in a clinical study comparing morphine equivalent (equianalgesic) doses. These important benefits provide the potential for …
Depression type and depression severity in relation to risk of violent suicide attempt

Abstract Low levels of cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and a blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone have been reported in depressed patients—in particular in those who have made violent suicide attempts. There are at least two conceivable explanations for these findings: The biological abnormalities relate to (1) disturbed aggression regulation or to (2) disturbed mood regulation (either type or severity). The second alternative presupposes that violent suicide attempts occur differentially in a particular depression type or differentially in severe depression. This study demonstrated that violent suicide attempts are “depression-specific,” i.e., they relate to a particular depressive syndrome, that of vital depression, but not to the severity factor. Therefore, it is impossible to decide whether the biological abnormalities in depressed, violent suicide attempters relate to a particular type of mood disorder or to a distorted regulation of aggression.
The Role of the User in Social Media Incident Response

The landscape for Incident Response (IR), Disaster Recovery (DR), and Business Continuity Planning (BCP) for social media is changing and growing as the growth of social media itself is just now reaching puberty. An examination of responses by companies and entities to hacking based on current events and social reception will be measured with a forecast towards future implications of the IR/DR/BCP community. Recent Information Security (IS) topics including Firesheep, Photobucket, Facebook, Twitter, Apple, LinkedIn, eHarmony, and Sony's PlayStation Network (PSN) will be used as a backdrop to display the different ways entities have responded to intrusive behavior and what the results were.
The Russian food embargo and food security: can household production fill the void?

The food ban announced by President Putin in August 2014 flows from the 2010 food security doctrine. Russia is food insecure in animal husbandry production and relies on imports to meet domestic demand. Households, which account for over 40% of food production, are integral to attaining food security. Russia could reduce meat imports if households would sell more animal husbandry products. The article presents a profile of commercialized households, showing that behavioral variables have significant explanatory power. It examines government policy toward behavioral variables, showing some inconsistency in promoting behavior that increases household meat sales.
Syncope: a review of emergency department management and disposition.

Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion with spontaneous return to baseline function without intervention. It is a common chief complaint of patients presenting to the emergency department. The differential diagnosis for syncope is broad and the management varies significantly depending on the underlying etiology. In the emergency department, determining the cause of a syncopal episode can be difficult. However, a thorough history and certain physical exam findings can assist in evaluating for life-threatening diagnoses. Risk-stratifying patients into low, moderate and high-risk groups can assist in medical decision making and help determine the patient’s disposition. Advancements in ambulatory monitoring have made it possible to obtain prolonged cardiac evaluations of patients in the outpatient setting. This review will focus on the diagnosis and management of the various types of syncope.
Perceptually-driven decision theory for interactive realistic rendering

In this paper we introduce a new approach to realistic rendering at interactive rates on commodity graphics hardware. The approach uses efficient perceptual metrics within a decision theoretic framework to optimally order rendering operations, producing images of the highest visual quality within system constraints. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for various applications such as diffuse texture caching, environment map prioritization and radiosity mesh simplification. Although here we address the problem of realistic rendering at interactive rates, the perceptually-based decision theoretic methodology we introduce can be usefully applied in many areas of computer graphics.
The physician's role in assessing and counseling aging drivers: a training session for undergraduate medical students.

ABSTRACT The critical need for physicians to become entrenched in the issues of older drivers and public safety is the focus of a training initiative developed as a component of an innovative geriatrics curriculum, Aging (Couple) Across the Curriculum. As the number of aging drivers in the United States rises, physicians can play an important role in helping older patients continue safe driving practices and in counseling those who need to cease driving. This article describes an inventive course designed to sensitize medical students to the many complex issues entangled in driving and aging and to prepare them to competently and compassionately assess and counsel older drivers. The act of driving connotes more than mobility. It reinforces one's independence, including the ability to go when and where one chooses. There must be a careful balance between an older person's privilege to drive and the public's right to safety. Through this training program, students can experience the complexity of this signi...
Carbon-hydrogen bond activation by titanium imido complexes. Computational evidence for the role of alkane adducts in selective C-H activation

This paper reports calculations that probe the role of R (hydrocarbon) and R‘ (ligand substituent) effects on the reaction coordinate for C−H activation: Ti(OR‘)2(NR‘) + RH → adduct → transition state → (OR‘)2Ti(N(H)R‘)(R). Compounds with R = H, Me, Et, Vy, cPr, Ph, Cy, Bz, and cubyl are studied using quantum (R‘ = H, SiH3, SiMe3) and classical (R‘ = SitBu3) techniques. Calculated geometries are in excellent agreement with data for experimental models. There is little variability in the calculated molecular structure of the reactants, products, and most interestingly, transition states as R and R‘ are changed. Structural flexibility is greatest in the adducts Ti(OR‘)2(NR‘)···HR. Despite the small structural changes observed for Ti(OR‘)2(NR‘) with different R‘, significant changes are manifested in calculated electronic properties (the Mulliken charge on Ti becomes more positive and the TiN bond order decreases with larger R‘), changes that should facilitate C−H activation. Substantial steric modification...
On the Helicity in 3D-Periodic Navier–Stokes Equations II: The Statistical Case

We study the asymptotic behavior of the statistical solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations using the normalization map [9]. It is then applied to the study of mean energy, mean dissipation rate of energy, and mean helicity of the spatial periodic flows driven by potential body forces. The statistical distribution of the asymptotic Beltrami flows are also investigated. We connect our mathematical analysis with the empirical theory of decaying turbulence. With appropriate mathematically defined ensemble averages, the Kolmogorov universal features are shown to be transient in time. We provide an estimate for the time interval in which those features may still be present. Our collaborator and friend Basil Nicolaenko passed away in September of 2007, after this work was completed. Honoring his contribution and friendship, we dedicate this article to him.
Evolutionary adaptation after crippling cell polarization follows reproducible trajectories.

Cells use the genetic instructions provided by genes in particular combinations called ‘modules’ to perform particular jobs. Very different organisms can share many of the same modules because certain abilities are fundamental to the survival of all cells and so they have been retained over the course of evolution. That said, these modules may not necessarily involve the same genes because it is often possible to achieve the same result using different components. One way to study how those modules can diversify is to deliberately disrupt one of the genes in a module, and observe how the organism and its descendants respond over many generations. Other genes in these organisms may acquire genetic mutations that enable the genes to take on the role of the missing protein. However, the removal of a single component can be detrimental to the survival of the organisms or may affect many different processes. This can make it difficult to understand what is going on. A gene called BEM1 is crucial for yeast cells to establish polarity, that is, to allow the different sides of a cell to become distinct from one another. This activity is essential for the yeast to replicate itself. Previous studies have shown that the BEM1 gene had a different role in other species of fungi, which suggests that yeast may have other genes that previously assumed the role that BEM1 does now. In this study, Laan et al. removed BEM1 from yeast and allowed the population of mutant cells to evolve for a thousand generations. The approach differs from previous studies because Laan et al. deliberately selected for yeast that had acquired multiple genetic mutations that can together almost fully compensate for the loss of BEM1. Initially, the mutant cells grew very slowly, were abnormal in shape and likely to burst open. However, by the end of the experiment, the cells were able to grow almost as well as the original yeast cells had before the gene deletion. Genetic analysis revealed that the deletion of BEM1 triggers the inactivation of other genes that are also involved in the regulation of polarity, which largely restored the ability of the disrupted polarity module to work. This restoration follows a ‘reproducible trajectory’, as the same genes were switched off in the same order in different populations of yeast that were studied at the same time. The work is an example of reproducible evolution, whereby a specific order of changes to gene activity repeatedly enables cells with severe defects in important processes to adapt and restore a gene module, using whatever components they have left. The next challenge will be to understand how the particular roles of important modules affect their adaptability.
Hepatic Imaging: Positron Emission Tomography, Digital Angiography, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging†

Major advances in diagnostic imaging of the human body have been made in recent years. Positron emission tomography, a technique founded on advances in radiopharmaceuticals and radionuclide imaging apparatus, permits imaging regional metabolism, metabolite distribution, and flow. Thus far, its major applications have been in the study of the brain, and to a lesser extent, the heart; however, it is also finding a role in the study of the liver. Digital angiography is being applied to fluoroscopic systems which permits visualization of relatively low doses of intravascular iodinated radiographic contrast media. Imaging of the major arteries is possible using simple intravenously administered contrast media; digital techniques also increase the diagnostic yield in intraarterial studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is an outgrowth of laboratory NMR spectroscopy; the interaction of radiofrequency signals with nuclei in strong magnetic fields permits imaging the distribution and certain chemical properties of various isotopes. Hydrogen NMR imaging is proving most useful for clinical diagnosis. The techniques used to image hydrogen are also being applied to NMR spectroscopy in vivo of various isotopes, including carbon-13, phosphorus-31, and hydrogen-1.
Possible Stratification Mechanism in Granular Mixtures

We propose a mechanism to explain what occurs when a mixture of grains of different sizes and different shapes (i.e., different repose angles) is poured into a quasi-two-dimensional cell. Specifically, we develop a model that displays spontaneous stratification of the large and small grains in alternating layers. We find that the key requirement for stratification is a difference in the repose angles of the two pure species, a prediction confirmed by experimental findings. We also identify a kink mechanism that appears to describe essential aspects of the dynamics of stratification.
Independent NOAA considered

A proposal to pull the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) out of the Department of Commerce and make it an independent agency was the subject of a recent congressional hearing. Supporters within the science community and in Congress said that an independent NOAA will benefit by being more visible and by not being tied to a cabinet-level department whose main concerns lie elsewhere. The proposal's critics, however, cautioned that making NOAA independent could make it even more vulnerable to the budget axe and would sever the agency's direct access to the President. The separation of NOAA from Commerce was contained in a June 1 proposal by President Ronald Reagan that also called for all federal trade functions under the Department of Commerce to be reorganized into a new Department of International Trade and Industry (DITI).
Voting Preferences and the Environment in the American Electorate: The Discussion Extended

Accepted wisdom has it that the issue of environmental quality has little or no impact on national elections. In the only systematic statistical analysis addressing the subject, Guber (2001) concluded that the environment did not have a significant impact on assessments of presidential candidates, and that the potential for issue voting on the environment was quite limited. Utilizing the same survey data, this research reexamines the environment's influence on citizens' assessments of presidential candidates and, in turn, voters' choices. A review of survey respondents' perceptions of the environment suggests the substitution of a different environment variable into Guber's original model. This revision confirms the impact of the environment on both citizens' evaluations of presidential candidates and their presidential votes. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these new findings in light of past research, focusing on the framing and perception of the issue of environmental qua...
Beyond Boon or Bane

In recent years, scholars have debated whether the growing presence of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in news production constitutes a “boon” or “bane” for journalism. This article seeks to move beyond this dualism by grounding these debates in normative theories of public communication. Drawing on four major normative traditions, it identifies distinct roles that NGOs are tasked with performing: an expert role associated with the representative liberal tradition and oriented primarily towards norms of accuracy and transparency; an advocacy role drawn from participatory democracy and geared towards a norm of public awareness; a facilitative role rooted in discursive ethics that encourages reasoned exchanges across diverse social groups; and a critical role found in radical democratic theory that aims to expose systemic injustices. Subsequently, the article reviews the literature on NGO newsmaking practices to assess the degree to which such groups satisfy or frustrate these normative traditions. Ra...
The Abolitionist's Dilemma: Establishing the Standards of Decency for the Evolving Standards of Decency

The evolving standard of decency test is at the heart of the constitutional regulation of the death penalty. From 1976 through 1989 the U.S. Supreme Court generally relied on six-factors to define the substantive limits of death eligibility. But in Atkins v. Virginia (2002) and Roper v. Simmons (2005) the Court seemed to change course. The precedential value of Atkins and Roper will depend on the Roberts Court's adherence to precedent. Nonetheless, the Court has some work to do to ensure that the evolving standard of decency test has meaningful content and enduring use. Baze v. Rees, the pending challenge to lethal injection as a method of execution, may provide answers or at least insights to the answers. Methods of execution challenges are best characterized as methodology review cases. Consequently, the six factor test derived from the cases defining the substantive limits of death eligibility does not fully apply. Commentators and courts have promulgated standards that are a mix of several Eighth Amendment tests. In formulating the proper test for assessing the constitutionality of a method of execution, there are several approaches the Court may take. It may adopt (1) an originalist approach; (2) rely on its previous methods of execution precedents; (3) apply the evolving standards of decency test; (4) apply an approach from the non-capital prisoner's right context or (5) attempt to reconcile Eighth Amendment law. In raising the method of execution issue now, capital litigants may have gotten too far ahead of themselves and the law. Baze may underscore the need for death penalty abolitionists to reinstitute a coordinated national litigation campaign challenging the constitutionality of the death penalty.
Radiological protection in computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has sustained interest in radiological protection in computed tomography (CT), and ICRP Publications 87 and 102 focused on the management of patient doses in CT and multi-detector CT (MDCT) respectively. ICRP forecasted and 'sounded the alarm' on increasing patient doses in CT, and recommended actions for manufacturers and users. One of the approaches was that safety is best achieved when it is built into the machine, rather than left as a matter of choice for users. In view of upcoming challenges posed by newer systems that use cone beam geometry for CT (CBCT), and their widened usage, often by untrained users, a new ICRP task group has been working on radiological protection issues in CBCT. Some of the issues identified by the task group are: lack of standardisation of dosimetry in CBCT; the false belief within the medical and dental community that CBCT is a 'light', low-dose CT whereas mobile CBCT units and newer applications, particularly C-arm CT in interventional procedures, involve higher doses; lack of training in radiological protection among clinical users; and lack of dose information and tracking in many applications. This paper provides a summary of approaches used in CT and MDCT, and preliminary information regarding work just published for radiological protection in CBCT.
Sulfhydryl Content of Normal Hemoglobin and Hemoglobin in in Sickle Cell Anemia.

Conclusions1. The titratable SH content of hemoglobin was determined amperometrically in saline, and found to approximate 2 moles SH per mole of normal hemoglobin and 3 moles SH per mole of hemoglobin from patients with sickle cell anemia. 2. The SH content of hemoglobin from two patients with sickle cell trait was greater than that of normal hemoglobin and less than that of sickle cell anemia hemoglobin suggesting that a mixture of the two types of hemoglobin was present in these patients.
Mechanistic studies on surfactant-induced membrane permeability enhancement.

Purpose. To gain some mechanistic understanding of surfactant-inducedmembrane permeabilization and identify a surfactant physicalproperty that can be used as a predictor for intestinal membranepermeability enhancement.
Fault Line Selection Method in NUGS Based on the Information Fusion Technology

Because of line parameters, running types, fault grounding impedances and other factors, the veracity of fault line selection(FLS) method is not high enough and may contain some dead areas for FLS device of non-utility grounding system(NUGS). To overcome this shortage and enhance the robustness and accuracy of FLS device, by using the information fusion technology, a synthetical FLS method is proposed in this paper based on analyzing the characters of FLS according to the different neutral point grounding mode. That is, in the neutral un-grounding system(NUS), the criterion is made of the zero sequence inactive power (ZSIP) method, the base-wave virtual value(BV) method and the base-wave phase (BP) method of zero sequence current(ZSC) can achieve high accuracy; and in the neutral resonant grounding system(NES), the criterion combines zero sequence active power(ZSAP) method, 5-harmonic phase(HP) method and remaining current increment(RCI) method can even achieve high accuracy. Based on the PC104 industry control computer, a new FLS device of NUGS is designed according to this new FLS. Many dynamic simulation experiments are carried out and the results show that the single FLS method contains some dead areas and the synthetical FLS method can achieve high sensitivity, adjustability and veracity.
Epidural Anesthesia with Different Concentration of Chloroprocaine in Children

Objective To study the feasibility and the lowest effective concentration of chloroprocaine for epidural anesthesia in children.Methods 60 pediatric patients undergoing lower abdomen or perineal operation under epidural combined general anesthesia were randomly assigned to 1% chloroprocaine group,1.5% chloroprocaine group and 2% chloroprocaine group,with 20 cases each.The patients all received epidural puncture after inspiring sevoflurane,and corresponding concentration of chloroprocaine 8~10 mg/kg were injected into epidural space.HR,NBP,RR,SpO2,the anesthetic effect,and the total amount of intravenous anesthetics were observed and recorded.Results Comparing with group A and B,the vital signs in group C were more stable;the onset time and the analgesia time was more shorter and the algesthesia recovery time was longer;the dose of intravenous anesthetics in group C was least.The differences were significant.Conclusion 2% chloroprocaine for epidural anesthesia in children retains a longer anaesthesia time than the concentration of 1.5% and 1% chloroprocaine.There is no need to boost intravenous anesthetics.The anesthesia effects is satisfactory and without any obviously adverse effect.It is the lowest effective concentration for epidural anesthesia in children.
Epidemiological Analysis on Concentration of Zinc in Venous Blood of Reproductive Age Female

Objective To investigate the concentration of zinc in venous blood of reproductive age female in Ninghai region and improve health of female in reproductive age.Methods There were 1940 cases of reproductive age female taken sampling survey in in Ninghai region,and concentration of zinc in venous blood were detected with zinc ion selectrode method,living environment and habit were invested,influencing factors for concentration of zinc were analyzed.Results Concentration of zinc in venous blood of reproductive age female in Ninghai region was(5.726±1.152)μg/L;Dependablity analysis shown that active or passive smoking,environmental fitment in the near future,using automotive vehicle could decrease concentration of zinc in venous blood and drinking milk could increase concentration of zinc in venous blood on female in reproductive age.Logistic testing shown that environmental fitment in the near future,using automotive vehicle and drinking milk were effect factors of concentration of zinc in venous blood on female in reproductive age.Conclusion There are many major influencing factors for concentration of zinc in venous blood on female in reproductive age in Ninghai region,favourable living environment and habit should be keep to improve health of female in reproductive age.
The RNA Binding Specificity of Human APOBEC3 Proteins Resembles That of HIV-1 Nucleocapsid

The APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases are antiretroviral proteins, whose targets include human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Their incorporation into viral particles is critical for antiviral activity and is driven by interactions with the RNA molecules that are packaged into virions. However, it is unclear whether A3 proteins preferentially target RNA molecules that are destined to be packaged and if so, how. Using cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequencing (CLIP-seq), we determined the RNA binding preferences of the A3F, A3G and A3H proteins. We found that A3 proteins bind preferentially to RNA segments with particular properties, both in cells and in virions. Specifically, A3 proteins target RNA sequences that are G-rich and/or A-rich and are not scanned by ribosomes during translation. Comparative analyses of HIV-1 Gag, nucleocapsid (NC) and A3 RNA binding to HIV-1 RNA in cells and virions revealed the striking finding that A3 proteins partially mimic the RNA binding specificity of the HIV-1 NC protein. These findings suggest a model for A3 incorporation into HIV-1 virions in which an NC-like RNA binding specificity is determined by nucleotide composition rather than sequence. This model reconciles the promiscuity of A3 RNA binding that has been observed in previous studies with a presumed advantage that would accompany selective binding to RNAs that are destined to be packaged into virions.
Reconstituting the Federalism Battle in Energy Transportation

This article explores the growing federalism tensions in efforts to expand the nation’s energy transportation infrastructure — the electric transmission lines, natural gas pipelines, natural gas import and export terminals and related infrastructure that power the U.S. electricity and transportation systems. It uses two illustrations — one involving an interstate electric transmission line (subject to state jurisdiction) and one involving and an interstate natural gas pipeline (subject to federal jurisdiction) — to highlight how the clear jurisdictional lines between federal and state authority over these projects created decades ago is no longer adequate for today’s energy needs. We believe that many of the recent efforts by states and federal agencies to re-draw these jurisdictional battle lines in the context of particular projects have been counterproductive. They have they encouraged interest groups to entrench their respective positions in favor of state or federal regulatory power. They also have thwarted comprehensive and efficient energy planning, and have stood in the way of greater integration of new technologies and more diverse energy resources. Ultimately, we conclude that federal regulators — which have historically been much more attuned to federal and national energy needs in making project siting decisions — must be more proactive in addressing state interests and concerns associated with multi-state energy transport projects in cases where federal siting authority trumps that of the states. Likewise, for projects where the states possess primary regulatory authority that acts as a potential veto point over projects that promote federal and regional energy needs, a more significant federal role in evaluating those federal and regional needs is warranted.
Recommendations for Technology in Higher Education

When thinking about the ideal digital technology landscape for higher education, it is critically important to consider commuter and nontraditional undergraduates, who may have less access to the internet or other digital technology and more pressure on the time available for their academic work. Students work hard to get the resources they need for their coursework, and digital technology has in many ways made this work more complicated and time-consuming. Students need reliable wifi on campus, continued access to computer labs, increased access to charging and printing, robust training, timely support, and mobile-friendly academic software. Concerns about technology access and digital literacy are imperative, a question of social justice in US higher education and beyond to best support students’ academic success.
Thermodynamic properties of phosphate members of the meta-autunite group: A high-temperature calorimetric study

Abstract Samples of synthetic analogs of uranyl phosphate minerals have been prepared at room temperature by slow mixing of reactants by a diffusion method. Reaction products were analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometry (ICP-OES), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Calorimetric measurements have been performed in a Calvet-type twin calorimeter using sodium molybdate (3Na2O-4MoO3) solvent at 976 K as a flux. The enthalpy of formation from the binary oxides, ΔHf-ox, at 298 K was calculated for each compound from the respective drop solution enthalpies, ΔHds. Calculated standard enthalpies of formation from the elements, ΔH0f, at 298 K are −3425 ± 9 kJ/mol for meta-ankoleite (KUP), −6233 ± 17 kJ/mol for meta-autunite (CaUP), −6921 ± 13 kJ/mol for meta-torbernite (CuUP), −7254 ± 17 kJ/mol for meta-saleeite (MgUP), −3264 ± 12 kJ/mol for Rb-meta-autunite (RbUP), −3580 ± 7 kJ/mol for meta-natro-autunite (NaUP), −3692 ± 11 kJ/mol for Li-meta-autunite (LiUP), −6402 ± 5 kJ/mol for meta-uranocircite (BaUP), −3277 ± 6 kJ/mol for Cs-meta-autunite (CsUP), and −7109 ± 19 kJ/mol for Co-meta-autunite (CoUP). The results exhibit trends of the thermodynamic stability of these compounds. The normalized charge deficiency per anion (NCDA) approach relates the thermodynamic stability of these compounds to their crystal structures. The thermodynamic stability of uranyl phosphate minerals is important for understanding their formation in Nature, as well as their fate in a geological repository for nuclear waste, and their existence in the subsurface of anthropogenically contaminated environments.
The Codex Fori Mussolini: A Latin Text of Italian Fascism

Scholars have dedicated significant attention to Mussolini’s fascination with Roman antiquity (romanita) and the ways in which this shaped the fascist dictator’s understanding of his political ente...
Reply to Wuttke: Our reinterpretation of QENS does not violate scattering theory.

Dr. Wuttke claims in his Letter (1) that our “radical reinterpretation of incoherent neutron scattering” (2) reverses scattering theory and is false. His main assertion is that we overlook the experimental apparatus as a means to break the isotropy of n-p scattering, claimed to occur because the beam direction and detector location define the momentum transfer … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: hansfrauenfelder{at}mac.com. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Impact-activated programming of electro-mechanical resonators through ferroelectret nanogenerator (FENG) and vanadium dioxide

Abstract Ferroelectret Nanogenerators (FENG) devices were introduced recently as promising flexible devices for energy harvesting and microphone/loud-speaker applications. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films, on the other hand, have been demonstrated to enable large frequency tunability of miniaturized electro-mechanical structures, which are commonly integrated in transceiver and communication systems. In this work, we integrate these two technologies, to show a system where an electric pulse, supplied by the FENG can be used to tune the resonant frequency of VO2-based micro-electro-mechanical structures. Furthermore, due to the VO2's hysteretic behavior, the applied pulse also programs the tuned frequency, allowing for different frequency states in the device for a single applied DC bias. It is found that the tuning of the frequency states is determined by the supplied energy, and the programming is more efficient for larger, shorter pulses –even if the duration of the pulse is shorter than the system's thermal time constant. We explore two different mechanical structures, bridge and cantilever. A wider tuning range is found for the bridge structure (22%), which is due to the larger frequency sensitivity with stress for this configuration. The tuning/programming action uses harvested mechanical energy, which could come from the user. The potential use of the developed system as an accelerometer or impact sensor for monitoring brain injuries in contact-sports is discussed.
JobPruner: A Machine Learning Assistant for Exploring Parameter Spaces in HPC Applications

Abstract High Performance Computing (HPC) applications are essential for scientists and engineers to create and understand models and their properties. These professionals depend on the execution of large sets of computational jobs that explore combinations of parameter values. Avoiding the execution of unnecessary jobs brings not only speed to these experiments, but also reductions in infrastructure usage—particularly important due to the shift of these applications to HPC cloud platforms. Our hypothesis is that data generated by these experiments can help users in identifying such jobs. To address this hypothesis we need to understand the similarity levels among multiple experiments necessary for job elimination decisions and the steps required to automate this process. In this paper we present a study and a machine learning-based tool called JobPruner to support parameter exploration in HPC experiments. The tool was evaluated with three real-world use cases from different domains including seismic analysis and agronomy. We observed the tool reduced 93% of jobs in a single experiment, while improving quality in most scenarios. In addition, reduction in job executions was possible even considering past experiments with low correlations.
Issues in microcellular communications: CDMA versus TDMA

In this paper we briefly outline some current issues in personal communications networks and then compare the capacity of CDMA and TDMA in a microcellular radio channel. We calculate the performance of CDMA and TDMA in a frequency selective Rician channel, which appears to be representative of the microcellular environment. The effects of cell sectorization and forward error correction are analyzed. Achievable capacity improvements due to the voice activity, in both schemes, are accounted for. In the case of TDMA, both equalized and unequalized performance are considered.
T.A.T. Responses of Some Violent Individuals

Aggression, whether innate (Lorenz, 1988) or acquired through social learning (Bandura, 1973), results from obstructions in attaining one’s goal. The ensuing response may express itself in behaviors ranging from criticism to highly destructive behavior. The hostility may be directed either towards oneself (guilt, masochism) or outwards towards the offending object or person in various forms of violence. When successful aggression tends to get reinforced.
Use of Intuitive Preference in Directing Utility Assessment

Me consider a model of single stage, multiattribute decisionmaking under uncertainty. This model assumes that parameter values, i.e., lowest level attribute utility scores and tradeoff weights, are described by set membership. Set membership is a simple, flexible, and behaviorally relevant model of parameter imprecision that can be used to describe many natural language expressions of preference, interval descriptions of value, and ordinal and cardinal rankings. Behaviorally relevant procedures for ranking the alternatives are overviewed. Several new results are presented that can be useful in determining the direction of the utility assessment process if the current alternative ranking is not sufficient for alternative selection. These new procedures are based on the decisionmaker’s intuitive preferences with regard to alternative ranking.
Enhancement of Musculoskeletal Radiology Resident Education with the Use of an Individual Smart Portable Ultrasound Device (iSPUD).

Rationale and Objectives Many medical specialties have incorporated portable ultrasound into their educational curriculum. Our objective was to determine the utility of an individual smart portable ultrasound device (iSPUD) as an educational tool in resident and fellowship Musculoskeletal Radiology training. Materials and Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, volunteer radiology trainees were instructed to use the iSPUD (Philips Lumify ultrasound probe and Samsung Galaxy Tab S2 8 inch tablet), asked to identify 10 wrist structures with the iSPUD and completed a Likert scale-based, pretest survey. Trainees were then given the iSPUD for 3 days of independent scanning practice. Afterward, trainees were asked to identify the same 10 wrist structures with the iSPUD and to complete a Likert scale-based, post-test survey. Results Twenty trainees volunteered to participate. Trainee performance on the 10-wrist structure identification test with the iSPUD resulted in a pretest mean number correct of 2.5 ± 2.16 and a post-test mean number correct of 9.85 ± 0.37 (p Conclusion The use of an iSPUD as a tool in Musculoskeletal Radiology resident and fellow education can improve clinical ultrasound skills, build trainee technical confidence during diagnostic ultrasound procedures, and help trainees achieve their goal of becoming a competent Radiologist.
Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvotomy

The decision of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is made on the basis of clinical presentation and imaging study results.