cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inherited Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis

Venous thrombosis occurs as a consequence of genetic and environmental risk factors. Since the discovery of factor V Leiden, the most common genetic risk factor, there has been intense interest in clarifying the roles of genes and the environment with thrombosis risk. The translation of this risk information to clinical practice is a challenging one in the setting of a rapidly expanding knowledge base that includes application of genetic medicine. There are benefits, but also potential harms, of testing for inherited disorders associated with thrombosis. This paper reviews inherited risk factors for thrombosis and discuss clinical applications of testing.
Abdominal Fluid from a Dog

A 2-year-old intact female mixed-breed dog with a 1-month history of lethargy and anorexia was evaluated for abdominal distension and an abdominal mass. The dog's last heat cycle, her third, was 1 month prior to presentation, and no reproductive cycle abnormalities were noted at any time. Hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities were consistent with hemorrhage and inflammation. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed a large midabdominal mass and a moderate amount of abdominal fluid. Cytologically, the fluid showed evidence of pyogranulomatous inflammation, hemorrhage, and mesothelial reactivity, as well as ciliated columnar cells and free cilia that were interpreted as likely of oviductal origin. The mass was removed surgically, and the histopathologic interpretation was oviductal hamartoma with marked stroma formation and acute hemorrhage. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of oviductal hamartoma in any species and the first reported case detailing the finding of ciliated columnar epithelial cells in the abdominal fluid of a dog. Ciliated columnar epithelial cells in abdominal fluid should be considered indicative of a likely underlying oviductal lesion.
A New Quantitative Sensitivity Analysis of the Flow Stress of 18 Engineering Materials in Machining

It has long been argued about which effect, among the effects of strain hardening, strain-rate hardening, and temperature softening, is predominant in governing the material flow stress in machining. This paper presents a new quantitative sensitivity analysis of the flow stress of IS engineering materials based on the well-known Johnson-Cook model. It is demonstrated that the first predominant factor governing the material flow stress is either strain hardening or thermal softening, depending on the specific material employed and the varying range of temperatures. Strain-rate hardening is the least important factor governing the material flow stress, especially when machining aluminum alloys.
Courtesan, concubine, whore: Apollodorus' deliberate use of terms for prostitutes.

This article examines Apollodorus' use of the terms hetaira, pallake\ and porne\ the speech Against Neaira. It argues that he employs these terms with consistency and with attention to differences among them rather than haphazardly or interchangeably as was previously believed. Apollodorus' distinctions among types of prostitutes are further clarified through comparisons with his use of the terms in other speeches. Finally, there is a reexamination of the famous statement on the existence of three types of women in society. By resituating this claim in its oratorical context, I show that it is not an all-inclusive remark on women's roles but rather a statement quite specific to Apollodorus' attack on Neaira. IN THE OPENING SECTION on "desire" in Davidson's well-received book Courtesans and Fishcakes, he quotes the famous passage from (Demos- thenes) 59, Apollodorus' speech Against Neaira, about the three catego- ries of women in Athens: "For we have courtesans (hetairai) for pleasure, and concubines (pallakai) for the daily service of our bodies, (and) wives (gunaikes) for the production of legitimate offspring and to have a reli- able guardian of our household property" (122). After he points out how influential this passage has been and how it has been wrongly under- stood as straightforward by some modern historians, he adds: The speaker himself shows a remarkable level of inconsistency in confer- ring his titles on Neaera and the whole thrust of the speech is that such distinctions are easily flouted, enabling Neaera's daughter, 'a common whore' (porne\ infiltrate the ranks of decent citizens by marrying the King Archon, even presiding with him over the most ancient rites in the city's religious calendar and risking the wrath of the gods. 1
How many cards per file guide? optimizing the two‐level file

A determination is made of the optimum ratio of records to file guides to minimize searching time in an ordered two-level file such as a library card catalog. The solution is proportional to the square root of the number of records in the file container (card drawer). When scanning rates for cards and for file guides are equal, the solution is exactly the square root of file size. Simplifying assumptions employed in this determination are discussed. It is asserted that most library card catalogs contain far fewer file guides than would be justified in order to minimize searching time for users.
Complex plane design strategy for a responsive lean manufacturing system

The future success of manufacturing-based businesses depend on continuous exploration of technologies and innovative ways of thinking. Today, enterprises need to respond quickly with frequent change of product design, without carrying excess inventory and long production delays. In this paper, we introduce the Root-Locus method to study the sensitivity of the closed-loop poles location of a multistage feedback-control manufacturing system on a complex s-plane. This complex plane analysis offers a new control design strategy for production management to better predict and improve the dynamic response of particular manufacturing systems in terms of inventory build-up (leanness) and lead-time.
Leukocyte-derived and endogenous matrix metalloproteinases in the lamellae of horses with naturally acquired and experimentally induced laminitis.

Abstract Rationale Inflammation and dysregulation of endogenous matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production are implicated in the development of equine laminitis. In this study, we examine quantitative relationships among levels of leukocyte-derived proMMP-9 and MMP-9, lamellar proMMP-2 and MMP-2, and expression of proMMP-2 processing enzymes, MT1-MMP/PACE4, as steps towards determining whether inflammation and dysregulation of endogenous MMP production are independent or co-dependent processes. Animals Archived samples of lamellae from horses with naturally acquired laminitis ( n = 12), and from horses administered a pro-laminitic gastric bolus of starch gruel were used, the latter horses falling into two groups: (i) responders (CHO-R, n = 7), which developed Obel grade 3-lameness and (ii) non-responders (CHO-NR, n = 4), which did not become lame. Methods Lamellar tissue extracts were analyzed by gelatin zymography to determine gelatinase content and by a myeloperoxidase ELISA to quantify relative monocyte/neutrophil content in the tissue. Real-time PCR was employed to measure gene expression of MT1-MMP and PACE4. Results and conclusions Extracts of lamellae from control horses, CHO-NR and horses with chronic (non-aggravated) laminitis had similarly low levels of pro and processed MMP-9 and MMP-2. In contrast, proMMP-9 was significantly elevated in extracts of lamellae from CHO-R and horses with naturally acquired acute and aggravated chronic laminitis. Lamellar MMP-2 was also increased significantly in the CHO-R and aggravated chronic laminitis groups, although not in the horses with naturally acquired acute laminitis. Concentrations of proMMP-9 correlated directly with myeloperoxidase content in lamellar extracts, suggesting production/induction by inflammatory leukocytes. In contrast, concentrations of proMMP-2 and MMP-2 were unrelated to concentrations of myeloperoxidase or proMMP-9 suggesting that leukocyte infiltration and dysregulation of endogenous MMP-2 are independent processes most likely with distinct inducers. Neither MT1-MMP nor PACE4 gene expression was elevated relative to controls in any group; this is discussed with respect to proMMP-2 processing in disease. In addition, variability in relative concentrations of lamellar MMPs observed among horses with Obel grade 3-lameness is discussed in the context of laminitis risk assessment and disease outcome.
Male Clients of Female Street Prostitutes: Unseen Partners in Sexual Disease Transmission

Semistructured interviews about sex behavior and attitudes were conducted with 50 male clients of female street prostitutes in Camden, New Jersey. Both duration (from three months to 20 years) and frequency (twice per year to 16 times per month) of prostitute contact were reported. Almost half the client respondents also dated prostitutes in other cities and states. Fellatio was the most popular sex act performed with prostitutes, followed by vaginal intercourse, kissing, and other acts. Twenty men out of 49 reported using condoms for commercial sex, but only five were carrying a condom at the time of interview. Clients reported cleanliness, inexperience, and lack of drug use as desirable traits of sex workers. Participants discussed reasons for nonuse of condoms, preference for fellatio, condom negotiation, and beliefs about preventing AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
728 TRANSIENT ISOLATED HYPERPHOSPHATASEMIA: A VARIANT OF THE ULYSSES SYNDROME

From 1979-1984 we evaluated 7 patients <28 mos. old because of an isolated elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Biochemical studies and, in some patients, further investigations including bone marrow aspiration, jejunal biopsy, skeletal survey, radionuclide and CT scans, UGI series, and IVP provided no explanation for the elevated SAP. Mean duration of the hyper-phosphatasemia was 6.7 weeks (range 2-10 weeks). Presenting signs and symptoms gradually resolved. A fruitless diagnostic evaluation triggered in response to an abnormal test result inadvertently generated by automated screening has been called the Ulysses syndrome. Recognition that isolated hyperphosphatasemia in infants and young children may be transient and benign will avoid the potential risks and expense of additional testing and may ease parental anxiety.
Using family therapy ideas with parenting groups in schools

The author describes his experience of using ideas from family therapy with groups of parents in two urban schools in the United States.
Stemming the Tide: Successes, Failures and Lessons Learned in Tamil Nadu, India

India has the second most number of HIV/AIDS cases in the world after sub-Saharan Africa. India with 1.027 billion people 28% of whom live in urban areas has an HIV/AIDS infection rate estimated at 0.7% of the adult population. With the current disease burden HIV will emerge as the largest cause of adult mortality this decade. In 1999 1400 Indian citizens were being infected each day. By 2002 the number had risen to 5000. Currently it is estimated that 10 million Indians are infected with HIV/AIDS. In 2002 the Indian minister of health announced that there were 2.3 infections occurring in the country every minute. There are currently 600000 people needing Anti-retroviral treatment while only 13000 people are receiving it. India has the largest number of HIV+ people in south Asia not getting treatment of any sort. The American Enterprise Institute predicts a huge societal upheaval as a result of AIDS in India including stalled economic growth. (authors)
Cocaine-Exposed Children in Foster/Kinship Care: Effects on Longitudinal Growth Patterns † 1338

Public health concerns about outcomes of prenatally cocaine-exposed infants have often led to foster care placement for these infants. Criteria for foster/kinship care are inconsistent and vary from community to community. Futhermore, the long-term implications of out-of-home placement have not been clearly determined. We report growth data from birth to 36 months for children placed in foster/kinship care vs. those placed with their biological mothers as a subset of a larger longitudinal study of the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure. Women were prospectively enrolled from rural health departments as they came in for prenatal care or arrived at the hospital for delivery. Study subjects, 154 cocaine users (determined by history and urine screenings) and 154 non-users were matched on prenatal risk, race, parity, and SES. Psychosocial and drug histories were taken at the end of each trimester along with child growth measures at 1,6,12,18,24, and 36 months. These evaluations were used to identify the child's primary caretaker (up to 12 mos. of age) and determine the child's longitudinal growth. Maternal drug use was quantified by using detailed drug histories. Three categories of children were analyzed: cocaine-exposed placed in foster/kinship care (N=64), cocaine-exposed placed with biological mother (N=81), and non-exposed placed with biological mother(N=145). There was no significant difference in the neonatal portion of the Hobel risk scale between the groups to suggest higher morbidity at birth for children placed in foster/kinship care. However, there was a significantly higher median amount of prenatal cocaine use by the mothers of the children in out-of-home placement. There were no significant differences in growth parameters for the three groups from birth to six months. After six months there was a significantly lower mean weight for cocaine-exposed infants in foster/kinship care than for cocaine-exposed infants in biological mother care. The difference in weight became greater with time. There also were significantly lower mean height and head circumference for the cocaine-exposed infants in foster/kinship care. The mean weight, height and head circumference for the non-exposed group with their biological mother fell between the two cocaine-exposed groups. All groups had growth parameters within clinically appropriate values. These data suggest that there are long-term implications of out-of-home placement for cocaine-exposed children and that the decision to place these children into foster care should be considered with care.
Analysis of a model for a nonisothermal continuous fluidized bed catalytic reactor

Abstract A three-phase model, consisting of a dilute or bubble phase, an interstitial gas phase and a solids phase, has been developed for a non-isothermal gas fluidized-bed catalytic reactor with continuous circulation of catalyst particles. The dilute phase is assumed to be in plug flow, the interstitial gas is considered to be either perfectly mixed or in plug flow, and the particles are assumed to be perfectly mixed. It is shown that the conversion in a reactor and steady state temperature and concentration profiles are the same irrespectively of the assumed flow pattern in the interstitial gas. The numerical computations were done for the case of a single irreversible reaction with or without catalyst decay and for the case of two consecutive irreversible reactions. In the case of an adiabatic reactor and ordinary exothermic reactions, or in the case of a cooled reactor with a highly exothermic reaction, multiple steady states may occur.
Remark on the Isospin Mass Differences

The isospin splittings of the ${\mathrm{\textonehalf{}}}^{+}$ baryon octet are observed empirically to depend upon the (average) sum of charge and hypercharge or equivalently, upon the (average) ${V}_{3}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}(Q+Y)$ spin component. We construct a simple quark model compatible with this observation and then use this model to predict the ${\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ decuplet isospin splittings. One obtains different decuplet predictions from the standard approach, enabling one eventually to test whether or not the baryon regularity is accidental. If nonaccidental, then support is given to recent conjectures that isospin splittings may be partially nonelectromagnetic.
Hellas Planitia, Mars - Site of net dust erosion and implications for the nature of basin floor deposits

Hellas Planitia, located within an enclosed basin which includes the lowest topography on Mars, appears to be undergoing net erosion. Dust is removed from the basin. It probably contributes to global dust storms and should leave behind a coarse lag. The particle size distributions and particularly the rock or boulder populations in this lag might be useful for distinguishing between processes which formed the lithologic units that comprise Hellas Planitia. This report concludes that the abundance of rock particles larger than coarse sand is very low. Although this hypothesis awaits confirmation from forthcoming spacecraft data, the origins for Hellas floor deposits favored by this study are indurated volcanic airfall or ancient loess, lacustrine deposits, and some types of volcanic mud flows. The conclusions of this study tend to disfavor such geologic processes as blocky lava flows, glacial deposits (e,g., moraines), or boulder-laden catastrophic flood outwash.
The neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is an allosteric antagonist of the GABAA receptor

Binding of the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) to rat brain synaptosomal membranes was studied in vitro, and the interaction of DHEAS with the GABAA receptor was tested using biochemical and electrophysiological assays. DHEAS bound to two populations of sites, and its binding was inhibited by barbiturates. DHEAS interfered with barbiturate-mediated enhancement of benzodiazepine binding. In cultured neurons from ventral mesencephalon, DHEAS reversibly blocked GABA-induced currents, behaving as an allosteric antagonist of the GABAA receptor.
Unique Tools of the Trade: Nursing Homes and Research in Geriatric Psychiatry

From the Section on Geriatric Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry, Univ. of Pennsylvania; and the VISN 4 Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA. Send correspondence and reprint requests to Joel E. Streim, M.D., Section on Geriatric Psychiatry, 3535 Market Street, Room 3055, Philadelphia PA 19104-3309. e-mail: jstreim@mail.med.upenn.edu 2005 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry “Today, a greater number of individuals with psychiatric disorders reside in nursing homes than reside in psychiatric hospitals.”—American Psychiatric Association Task Force Report on Nursing Homes and the Mentally Ill Elderly, 1989
Cognitive Dysfunction with Aging and the Role of Inflammation

As the average lifespan continues to climb because of advances in medical care, there is a greater need to understand the factors that contribute to quality of life in the elderly. The capacity to live independently is highly significant in this regard, but is compromised by cognitive dysfunction. Aging is associated with decreases in cognitive function, including impairments in episodic memory and executive functioning. The prefrontal cortex appears to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of advancing age. Although the mechanism of age-related cognitive decline is not yet known, age-related inflammatory changes are likely to play a role. New insights from preclinical and clinical research may give rise to novel therapeutics which may have efficacy in slowing or preventing cognitive decline with advancing age.
Fields generated by a Fabry–Perot interferometer with a phase-conjugate mirror

We study theoretically a Fabry–Perot interferometer with one phase-conjugate mirror. Comparisons with results previously obtained by Kastler [ Appl. Opt.1, 17 ( 1962)] for an ordinary Fabry–Perot interferometer are made. Specifically, we discuss the field intensity of the light both outside and inside the interferometer. We also study the intensity of the exterior field that is due to atoms radiating incoherently inside the interferometer. The operating characteristics below the threshold of the interferometer when it is filled with a gain medium are also analyzed and are found to be different from those of the ordinary interferometer. Finally, conditions are obtained under which the cavity can act as a regenerative amplifier.
Effects of ionospheric heating on feedback-unstable electromagnetic waves

[1] This paper presents first results from a numerical study of effects of ionospheric heating on the development of the ionospheric feedback instability in the auroral zone. The instability is driven by the electric field produced in the ionosphere by the closure of large-scale magnetic-field-aligned currents. This field heats ionospheric electrons and ions and changes the recombination rate and the ion mobility inside the ionospheric E-region. Self-consistent numerical simulations, based on the reduced two-fluid Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations including active ionospheric feedback, demonstrate that these two quantities are very important parameters determining dynamics of the ionospheric feedback instability. In particular, simulations show that decrease in the ion mobility caused by heating can very efficiently suppress the instability, although the same effect also causes increase in the perpendicular electric field in the ionosphere. This result suggests that the ionospheric feedback instability should develop when ions in the ionosphere are cold, and it may explain why small-scale, intense electromagnetic structures and currents normally attributed to the instability are predominantly observed above the auroral ionosphere during the nighttime and during winter seasons. Simulations also demonstrate that heating of the ionospheric electrons can promote development of the instability, although this effect is not as strong as the effect of the ion heating.
Some Unresolved Problems in Ego Psychology

(1955). Some Unresolved Problems in Ego Psychology. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 53, No. 2, pp. 231-263.
Utility of laboratory streams for ecosystem toxicity studies

Laboratory stream microcosms have been used to study transport, fate, and effects of toxic substances in stream ecosystems. Several general concerns exist in utilizing laboratory streams in this way. We summarize some of the most important and difficult of these problems and endeavor to provide theoretical understanding, evaluation, and empirical approaches necessary for making laboratory stream ecosystem studies more useful in solving problems of toxic substance behavior in natural stream ecosystems. Well-designed laboratory streams and other microcosms are complex dynamic systems that can contribute to our understanding of the behavior of toxic substances. But such systems are far too complex and dynamic to be employed as bioassay, monitoring, or predictive tools, as individual organisms have been.
How Poor Are America's Poor?

Some researchers contend the poor in the United States are not all that poor. But their studies are misleading. Steven Pressman explains why and then sets the record straight.
Outcome of surgery for esotropia in children with down syndrome.

The outcome of surgery for esotropia in children with Down syndrome has not received significant attention.We reviewed motor outcomes of esotropia surgery in all patients with Down syndrome in our ...
Ground-state structural and dynamical properties of solid C60 from an empirical intermolecular potential.

A simple intermolecular potential is constructed to describe solid ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$. The structural and elastic properties are calculated and show good agreement with available experimental results. Phonon-dispersion curves and density of states are predicted. The librational modes are found to be between 10 and 20 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and the highest vibrational mode is at 45 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The phonon density of states is used to calculate the specific heat, which agrees reasonably well with experiment.
Characteristics of sudden death in hemodialysis patients

Hemodialysis (HD) is an intermittent procedure during which large fluid and electrolyte shifts occur. We hypothesized that sudden death occurrences in HD patients are related to the timing of HD, and that they occur more frequently in the 12 h period starting with dialysis and in the 12 h period at the end of the dialysis-free weekend interval. In a retrospective study, 228 patient deaths were screened to determine if they met the criteria for sudden death. Information was obtained from clinic charts, dialysis center records, and interview of witnesses of the death event. There were 80 HD patients who met the criteria for sudden death. A bimodal distribution of death occurrences was present, with a 1.7-fold increased death risk occurring in the 12 h period starting with the dialysis procedure and a threefold increased risk of death in the 12 h before HD at the end of the weekend interval ( P =0.011). Patients with sudden death had a high prevalence of congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease. Only 40% of patients experiencing sudden death were receiving beta-blockers, and the prior monthly serum potassium value was less than 4 mEq/l in 25%. Sudden death is temporally related to the HD procedure. Every other day HD could be beneficial in preventing sudden death. Careful attention to the usage of beta-blockers and to the maintenance of normal serum potassium values is indicated in HD patients at risk for sudden death.
Steroidogenic factor-1 as a positive regulator of rat granulosa cell differentiation and a negative regulator of mitosis

Ovarian follicles contain small nonaromatase-expressing and large aromatase-expressing granulosa cells (GCs). The present studies were designed to determine whether small GCs can differentiate into large GCs and/or express aromatase. Additional studies were conducted to assess the role of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), an orphan nuclear receptor, in regulating GC differentiation and proliferation. For these studies, small GCs were isolated from immature rats by Percoll gradient centrifugation and cultured for up to 48 h with FSH and/or 8-bromo-cAMP (8-br-cAMP). FSH/8-br-cAMP induced a 2-fold increase in SF-1 messenger RNA levels within 4 h. This increase was maintained throughout the culture period. By 24 h culture, FSH/8-br-cAMP increased the percentage of large GCs. It was not until 48 h of culture with FSH and 8-br-cAMP that aromatase expression increased. This increase was detected by both Western blot and quantitative immunocytochemistry. 8-br-cAMP alone did not promote GC differentiation. Small GCs ...
Classical conditioning as a nonstationary, multivariate time series analysis: A spreadsheet model

The implementation of the Gallistel (1990) model of classical conditioning on a spreadsheet with matrix operations is described. The model estimates the Poisson rate of unconditioned stimulus (US) occurrence in the presence of each conditioned stimulus (CS). The computations embody three implicit principles:additivity (of the rates predicted by each CS),provisional stationarity (the rate predicted by a given CS has been constant over all the intervals when that CS was present), andpredictor minimization (when more than one solution is possible, the model minimizes the number of CSs with a nonzero effect on US rate). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic is used to test for non-stationarity. There are no free parameters in the learning model itself and only two parameters in the formally specified decision process, which translates what has been leamed into conditioned responding. The model predicts a wide range of conditioning phenomena, notably: blocking, overshadowing, overprediction, predictive sufficiency, inhibitory conditioning, latent inhibition, the invariance in the rate of conditioning under scalar transformation of CS-US and US-US intervals, and the effects of partial reinforcement on acquisition and extinction.
THE NODULATION OF ISOLATED LEGUMINOUS ROOTS

THE PROCESS whereby bacteria of the genus Rhizobium produce nodules on the roots of leguminous plants involves a complex physiological system which is poorly understood. One obvious way to simplify the system is to study the nodulation of isolated roots. Several advantages come from the use of root culture methods: the nutrition of excised roots grown in vitro can be controlled, substances normally contributed by the shoot can be excluded, and substances whose effects are to be tested can be added to the medium in known amounts. To date only three reports have appeared describing attempts to obtain nodulation of isolated leguminous roots. Lewis and McCoy (1933) reported the first and only successful attempt. They observed the formation of 4 nodules on one root of Phaseolus vulgaris L. out of 60 roots tested. The poor nodulation obtained by -these workers and the complete failure of others (Seppilli et al., 1941; McGonagle, 1944) made it seem particularly worth while to reinvestigate nodule formation on isolated roots. The following facts, pertinent to the problem of the nodulation of isolated roots, had already been established for light-grown and etiolated black wax bean and soybean seedlings bearing only the cotyledons (Raggio and Raggio, 1956a). Such seedlings will nodulate when grown in a nitrate-free inorganic medium. The presence in the medium of nitrate or sucrose, alone or in combination and at the levels usually used in excised root culture, inhibits nodule formation. In all nutrient media containing sucrose, and especially in those containing nitrate in addition, great bacterial multiplication occurs. On the basis of these conclusions the following inferences were made regarding nodulation of isolated roots: (1) Critical substances for growth and development of the primary root are known to migrate from the cotyledons into the root during the first few days of germination (McAlister and Krober, 1951). Since it has been found that the materials contained in the seeds of both black wax bean and soybean are necessary but are also sufficient for nodulation, primary roots excised from seeds germinated for several days should nodulate
Hydroxylation of steroids with an artificial P-450 catalyst bearing synthetic cyclophanes as binding groups

Abstract A novel catalyst has been synthesized in which a manganese–porphyrin unit is linked to four hydrophobic cyclophane binding groups. Relative to a previous catalyst in which the binding groups were cyclodextrins, the new catalyst shows somewhat higher catalytic turnovers before it is destroyed, but less selective product formation.
Nanoindentation measurements of silicon nitride films deposited using hexachlorodisilane as the si icon precursor

The mechanical properties of silicon nitride deposited using hexachlorodisilane (HCD) as the silicon precursor have been studied using nanoindentation. The hardness, elastic modulus and fracture resistance were found to be significantly lower for HCD nitride films than they are for nitride films deposited using dichlorosilane (DCS) as the silicon precursor. The addition of carbon to HCD nitride films resulted in slight decreases in hardness, modulus and fracture resistance. The hardness, modulus and fracture resistance of carbon-doped HCD nitride can be increased by raising the deposition temperature, increasing the ammonia:HCD gas flow ratio and/or post- deposition annealing.
Structural Health Monitoring With Autoregressive Support Vector Machines

The use of statistical methods for anomaly detection has become of interest to researchers in many subject areas. Structural health monitoring in particular has benefited from the versatility of statistical damage-detection techniques. We propose modeling structural vibration sensor output data using nonlinear time-series models. We demonstrate the improved performance of these models over currently used linear models. Whereas existing methods typically use a single sensor's output for damage detection, we create a combined sensor analysis to maximize the efficiency of damage detection. From this combined analysis we may also identify the individual sensors that are most influenced by structural damage.
Race, religious involvement and depressive symptomatology in a southeastern U.S. community.

A growing literature suggests that aspects of religious involvement may hold beneficial implications for mental health, and some also suggest that religion is an especially valuable mental health resource for racial minorities in the United States. These issues are explored empirically using data from a large (N = 2956) community sample drawn in the southeastern U.S. Findings include the following: (1) frequency of church attendance is inversely associated with depressive symptoms among whites, but not among blacks. (2) Absence of denominational affiliation is positively associated with depressive symptoms among blacks, but not among whites. (3) Frequency of private devotional activities (e.g. prayer) is positively associated with depressive symptoms among both racial groups. These results are discussed in terms of the distinctive history of the Black Church in the southern U.S. Several promising directions for further inquiry are outlined.
On temperature-frequency analysis of polymer dynamic mechanical behaviour

Abstract The use of frequency-temperature superposition for parametric analysis of complex modulus data for polymeric damping materials is discussed. It is stated that, for many materials over limited temperature ranges, a linear, Arrhenius, relationship holds between log (shift factor) and inverse absolute temperature. On this basis, a reduced temperature concept is introduced, which parallels the better known reduced frequency concept. Simple statistical methods for estimating shift factors are introduced, which may enable users to produce more accurate reduced-frequency and reduced-temperature plots of complex modulus properties. The approach is illustrated for several polymeric material data sets described in the literature, including a commercial acrylic adhesive and an atactic polystyrene.
Enhanced Cooling in Doped Semiconductors Due to Nonlinear Peltier Effect

Thermoelectric coefficients become a function of the applied field and temperature gradient if the latter become large enough. So in analyzing device performance in this regime accurately, it is important to include the non-linear terms. Non-linearity is a consequence of electron heating. For low doping concentrations, nonlinearity can happen at low currents. We will show that at room temperature in InGaAs it starts at practical currents on the order of 105 A/cm2. At low temperatures the Peltier coefficient goes to zero. However, its nonlinear term does not change as much. Since the nonlinear heat current goes with the third power of current, there is a chance that in some cases it can overcome the joule heating. We will show that at T=77K the cooling power can be enhanced by a factor of seven compared to room temperature. Nonlinearity of the Seebeck coefficient becomes an important factor when high temperature gradients are applied on nanoscale samples, and can lead to enhanced power generation
Novel form of LTD induced by transient, partial inhibition of the Na,K-pump in rat hippocampal CA1 cells.

We tested the hypothesis that transient, partial inhibition of the Na,K-pumps could produce lasting effects on synaptic efficacy in brain tissue by applying a low concentration of the ouabain analo...
Redox Control of Ion Channel Activity in Vascular Endothelial Cells by Glutathione

Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) is endogenously formed within vascular endothelial cells. The bioactivity of GSSG results in the oxidation of protein thiol groups, leading to changes in protein structure-function relationships. When ion channel protein thiols are the target of oxidation by GSSG, important changes in channel conductance, activity, and gating occur. In this review, we focus on two endothelial cell ion channels, the activities of which influence vascular cell signaling and the nitric oxide signaling pathway. The first channel is the GSSG-operated cation channel that depolarizes the endothelial cell, leading to inhibition of capacitative Ca2+ entry. The second channel is the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-operated Ca2+ channel that is responsible for the agonist-stimulated release of Ca2+ from IP3-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum. GSSG acts to deplete IP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores, thereby attenuating the intracellular Ca2+ response to agonist stimulation. Together, these effects indicate that glutathione, which is formed endogenously within the cell, is a key physiological modulator of endothelial cell signaling.
Reasoning, delusion proneness and stress: an experimental investigation.

Previous studies have been inconsistent in demonstrating a relationship between delusion proneness and induced stress on reasoning biases. The present study was an experimental investigation of the role of stress in the form of feeling rushed, which has previously been shown to be related to the jumping-to-conclusions reasoning bias for delusion-prone individuals, on the reasoning of delusion-prone individuals. University students (n = 133) completed a measure of delusion proneness and were randomly assigned to either receive or not receive a stress induction in the form of a speeded subtraction task. All participants engaged in four trials of a probabilistic reasoning task. Delusion-prone and not delusion-prone participants performed similarly when there was no stress induction, but delusion-prone individuals demonstrated reasoning biases relative to not delusion-prone individuals when stress was induced. The reasoning of delusion-prone individuals may be particularly vulnerable when they feel rushed and in stressful conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message: • Individuals who are delusion prone will likely report heightened confidence in their ideas when they are in stressful conditions or feel they are being rushed. • Individuals who are delusion prone may benefit from cognitive strategies that focus on understanding the jumping-to-conclusions reasoning bias. • Individuals who are delusion prone may benefit from learning the impact stressful conditions have on their ability to reason effectively.
Clinical evaluation of swinglock removable partial dentures

Fifty-three patients were recalled for clinical examination to determine oral changes which occurred during the time that they wore swinglock removable partial dentures. Pertinent findings were as follows: 1. The swinglock removable partial denture should be considered as a treatment alternative for patients with unfavorable periodontal support and for patients missing key abutments. 2. Patients who have worn swinglock removable partial dentures for periods of 13 to 75 months did not demonstrate a continued periodontal breakdown, even when there was unfavorable periodontal support. 3. The swinglock removable partial denture may aid in reducing tooth mobility when the patient can maintain good levels of oral hygiene to control inflammation and the dentist can provide a proper occlusion. 4. As evidenced by responses to a satisfaction questionnaire, patient acceptance of the swinglock design was good. 5. The high prevalence of patients reporting for recall examination with one or more decayed teeth (22.4%) and removable partial dentures requiring relines (28.3%) emphasizes the need for proper recall of patients. 6. The swinglock removable partial denture will function satisfactorily if the dentist follows basic principles of removable partial denture construction and if the patient maintains a good level of oral hygiene and returns for regular recall visits.
Reflectance-Increasing Coatings for the Vacuum Ultraviolet and Their Applications*

The extreme ultraviolet reflectance of aluminum prepared under optimized conditions is reviewed, including a study of the aging parameters. The theory of reflectance-increasing films for the vacuum ultraviolet is discussed. It is shown that single dielectric films, in addition to preventing the growth of an oxide film, can have a surprisingly strong reflectance-increasing effect on aluminum in this spectral region. The use of MgF2 as a reflectance-increasing coating for the extreme ultraviolet above 1100 A is considered in some detail. It is pointed out that two-layer reflectance-increasing coatings on aluminum have only a very small advantage over single-layer coatings in the extreme ultraviolet. The usefulness of single slightly absorbing films as reflectance-increasing coatings is treated. The problem of increasing reflectance in the spectral region below 800 A is discussed. A new apparatus is described which allows the preparation and measurement of film samples without exposure to air. The effect of the new high-reflectance coatings on the relative merit of vacuum ultraviolet monochromator designs is considered.
Measurement of kinetic perfusion parameters of gadoteridol in intact myocardium: Effects of ischemia/reperfusion and coronary vasodilation

Quantitation of myocardial perfusion is feasible using contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. A method to quantitate myocardial blood flow is provided by the Kety model modified to account for a diffusable tracer such as gadoteridol. In the present study, perfusion parameters of the modified Kety model (partition coefficient and extraction efficiency) were determined for gadoteridol in intact myocardium using a constant flow, isolated, perfused heart model. Perfusion conditions included hearts with normal perfusion, hearts made globally ischemic for 20 min then perfused normally, and hearts whose coronary flow was more than doubled with 9 μM adenosine. T1 relaxation times were rapidly measured at 0.5 T following step increases in perfusate gadoteridol concentration and at steady state. Both the partition coefficient and extraction efficiency were found to be significantly increased in ischemic/reperfused hearts compared to normal. While flow rates in adenosine hearts were too high for accurate extraction efficiency determination using this technique, the partition coefficient was no different between adenosine and normally perfused hearts. The method described in this article allowed the kinetic parameters of the modified Kety model to be determined in intact heart using NMR relaxation time measurements as the basis of the calculation.
A Conceptual Model of Expatriate Turnover

Many factors may contribute to the high rate of expatriate turnover experienced by U.S. multinational corporations. The objective of this article is to present a comprehensive model of the expatriate turnover process by identifying the key contributing factors and suggesting intermediate linkages and relationships. The model appears to have both managerial and theoretical implications.
The suitability of a simplified isotope-balance approach to quantify transient groundwater-lake interactions over a decade with climatic extremes

Summary Groundwater inflow to a subtropical seepage lake was estimated using a transient isotope-balance approach for a decade (2001–2011) with wet and dry climatic extremes. Lake water δ 18 O ranged from +0.80‰ to +3.48‰, reflecting the 4 m range in stage. The transient δ 18 O analysis discerned large differences in semiannual groundwater inflow, and the overall patterns of low and high groundwater inflow were consistent with an independent water budget. Despite simplifying assumptions that the isotopic composition of precipitation ( δ P ), groundwater inflow, and atmospheric moisture ( δ A ) were constant, groundwater inflow was within the water-budget error for 12 of the 19 semiannual calculation periods. The magnitude of inflow was over or under predicted during periods of climatic extreme. During periods of high net precipitation from tropical cyclones and El Nino conditions, δ P values were considerably more depleted in 18 O than assumed. During an extreme dry period, δ A values were likely more enriched in 18 O than assumed due to the influence of local lake evaporate. Isotope balance results were most sensitive to uncertainties in relative humidity, evaporation, and δ 18 O of lake water, which can limit precise quantification of groundwater inflow. Nonetheless, the consistency between isotope-balance and water-budget results indicates that this is a viable approach for lakes in similar settings, allowing the magnitude of groundwater inflow to be estimated over less-than-annual time periods. Because lake-water δ 18 O is a good indicator of climatic conditions, these data could be useful in ground-truthing paleoclimatic reconstructions using isotopic data from lake cores in similar settings.
Comparative evaluation of theories of πN backward scattering

Abstract We report results of a systematic, comprehensive study of all existing models for high-energy πN backward scattering. We examineRegge-pole models, as well as formalisms withRegge cuts. Among the latter, we study both weak (Argonne) and strong (Michigan) absorption prescriptions. We also propose and investigate several versions of Carlitz-Kislinger and Bardakci-Halpern pole-cut models. We present complete fits to all available data in terms of each of these models. We find that qualitative features of present data are represented adequately by all models. Nevertheless, we identify distinctive properties of the models and argue that these are not tested by current data. We show that there are substantial differences between predictions of the models. Indeed, both at present acceleator energies and higher, decisive measurements may be made ofd/σdu,P, and the parametersR andA. We give a specific list of such experiments.
Force versus position profiles of HeLa cells trapped in phototransistor- based optoelectronic tweezers

Phototransistor-based Optoelectronic Tweezers (Ph-OET) enables optical manipulation of microscopic particles in physiological buffer solutions by creating electrical field gradients around them. A spatial light pattern is created by a DMD based projector focused through a microscope objective onto the phototransistor. In this paper we look into what differences there are in the trap stiffness profiles of HeLa cells trapped by Ph-OET compared to previous a-Si based OET devices. We find that the minimum trap size for a HeLa cell using a phototransistor with pixel pitch 10.35µm is 24.06µm in diameter which can move cells at 20µms -1 giving a trap stiffness of 8.38x10 -7 Nm -1 .
Pointing-Stability-Limited Dual-Beam Absorbance Measurements by Position-Sensitive Detection

A HeCd laser was examined as a light source for dual-beam absorbance measurements by position-sensitive detection. The measurement was limited by the laser point stability and, also, unspecified laser radiation that was effectively reduced by a spatial and spectral filter combination. An absorbance detection limit of 5 × 10−4 AU (3 × rms baseline noise) was predicted from an experimental optimization procedure. The detection limit was supported by microbore high-performance liquid chronatography of a B-2 vitamin sample, detecting riboflavin absorbance at 325 nm. Issues regarding the improvement of dual-beam absorbance measurements by position-sensitive detection are addressed.