cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
General non-linear finite element analysis of thick plates and shells

Abstract A non-linear finite element analysis is presented, for the elasto-plastic behavior of thick shells and plates including the effect of large rotations. The shell constitutive equations developed previously by the authors [Voyiadjis, G.Z., Woelke, P., 2004. A refined theory for thick spherical shells. Int. J. Solids Struct. 41, 3747–3769] are adopted here as a base for the formulation. A simple C0 quadrilateral, doubly curved shell element developed in the authors’ previous paper [Woelke, P., Voyiadjis, G.Z., submitted for publication. Shell element based on the refined theory for thick spherical shells] is extended here to account for geometric and material non-linearities. The small strain geometric non-linearities are taken into account by means of the updated Lagrangian method. In the treatment of material non-linearities the authors adopt: (i) a non-layered approach and a plastic node method [Ueda, Y., Yao, T., 1982. The plastic node method of plastic analysis. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 34, 1089–1104], (ii) an Iliushin’s yield function expressed in terms of stress resultants and stress couples [Iliushin, A.A., 1956. Plastichnost’. Gostekhizdat, Moscow], modified to investigate the development of plastic deformations across the thickness, as well as the influence of the transverse shear forces on plastic behaviour of plates and shells, (iii) isotropic and kinematic hardening rules with the latter derived on the basis of the Armstrong and Frederick evolution equation of backstress [Armstrong, P.J., Frederick, C.O., 1966. A mathematical representation of the multiaxial Bauschinger effect. (CEGB Report RD/B/N/731). Berkeley Laboratories. R&D Department, California.], and reproducing the Bauschinger effect. By means of a quasi-conforming technique, shear and membrane locking are prevented and the tangent stiffness matrix is given explicitly, i.e., no numerical integration is employed. This makes the current formulation not only mathematically consistent and accurate for a variety of applications, but also computationally extremely efficient and attractive.
Ionization of water in seawater

Abstract The ion product of water in seawater and the total activity coefficients of hydroxide and hydrogen ions were determined over the temperature range 2° to 35°C, and the salinity range 20‰ to 44‰. At 25°C and 35‰ salinity, the measured values are p K W SW = 13.20, f OH = 0.22, f H = 0.71 on the molar concentration scale.
Suppressor cell-mediated leukopenia and T-cell dysfunction in Nezelof's syndrome.

Abstract The mechanism responsible for leukopenia and T-cell immune deficiency in a patient with Nezelof's syndrome, who had recurrent attacks of infection with pancytopenia, was studied. The results showed evidence of bone marrow suppressor cells that were capable of inhibiting granulocytic colony-forming units in culture. Suppressor cells were T cells as shown by T-cell depletion on gradients or by use of anti-thymocyte globulin and complement. The suppressor cells were transient and could be demonstrated only during infection and at a time when the patient had pancytopenia. Suppressor cells were capable of inhibiting peripheral blood T-cell proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin but not blood B-cell activation with pokeweed mitogen. Activated T suppressor cells may be the cause of infection associated leukopenia in children with Nezelof's syndrome.
MOLECULAR CLONING, CHARACTERIZATION AND EXPRESSION OF A NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE FROM PORCINE PULMONARY ARTERY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

The lack of sequence information and clones of porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ecNOS) cDNA limits comparative analysis between porcine and human PAEC. Therefore, we cloned, characterized and expressed the ecNOS cDNA from porcine PAEC. Two oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the published human ecNOS cDNA sequence and used to clone porcine PAEC ecNOS using 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. A full-length ecNOS cDNA was cloned and sequenced, representing a protein of 1205 amino acids with a molecular mass of 134 kDa. A mammalian expression vector (pcDNA3) containing this cDNA was transfected into COS-7 cells, and ecNOS activity was detected by monitoring the formation of [3H]-citrulline from [3H]-L-arginine. Expression of ecNOS activity was predominantly associated (> 90%) with the total membrane fraction of these transfected cells. The deduced amino acid sequence of porcine ecNOS cDNA, containing binding sites for NADPH, flavin adenine dinucleotide and bound flavin mononucleotide, shows 94% identity to human ecNOS. The molecular weight of porcine ecNOS mRNA was estimated to be 4.7 kb by Northern blot analysis, similar to human ecNOS mRNA. This suggests that porcine ecNOS is similar to human ecNOS in deduced amino acid sequence and structure.
Immunohistochemistry with pancytokeratins improves the sensitivity of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is being investigated as a staging procedure for breast carcinoma. The authors evaluated whether immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis improves the sensitivity of this procedure. METHODS Forty-four women with breast carcinoma were recruited for SLN biopsy. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was followed by intraoperative localization using a handheld gamma probe and blue dye. After SLN identification, an immediate complete axillary lymph node dissection was performed in all patients. All lymph nodes were subjected to routine histology (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E]) and IHC using antibody to cytokeratins. RESULTS The SLN was identified in 41 of 43 patients (95%). Successful SLN identification was independent of biopsy technique (open surgical [95%] vs. fine-needle aspiration/core needle biopsy [96%]). Twelve of 41 patients (29%) had evidence of lymph node metastasis in the SLN by routine histology. Of the twenty-nine patients with H&E negative SLN, 3 were found to have metastasis by IHC for a conversion rate of 10%. Fifteen of 41 patients (37%) had evidence of metastasis in SLN. All 26 patients with H&E and IHC negative SLN had negative nonsentinel lymph nodes by routine histology and IHC (100% negative predictive value). All patients with tumors 2 cm or patients with macrometastasis to the SLN (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm that SLN biopsy is extremely accurate for patients with breast carcinoma, even after open surgical biopsy. IHC analysis or serial sectioning of SLN improves the sensitivity of this staging technique. Cancer 1999;85:1098–103. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Scale Utilization and Optimization from Wavelet Analysis for Data Assimilation: SUgOiWADAi

Abstract The second generation of a new approach to data assimilation where wavelet analysis is used for error estimation is presented here. The first generation is known as EEWADAi. This modified and optimized method uses wavelet analysis to not only estimate numerical error but to also acquire an estimate of the variation at various scales of the model simulation. In the original EEWADAi, wavelet analysis on the finest scale was used to estimate numerical error. In the second-generation version, called SUgOiWADAi, wavelet analysis is used on a variety of scales to not only obtain an estimate of numerical error, finest-scale information, but to also obtain an estimate of model variation, information from coarser scales. This new algorithm is computationally very inexpensive and is very effective.
Better Understanding of Minimizing Infectious Complications After Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

The case-control study by Carignan and colleagues helps improve our understanding of risk factors for infection complications after prostate biopsy [1]. The authors noted a significantly increased incidence of infection complications after prostate biopsy, from 0.52 infection per 100 biopsies in 2002–2009 to 2.15 infections per 100 biopsies in 2010–2011. These findings fall in line with trends noted recently by other groups [2,3]. For instance, Loeb et al. reported that risk of infection complications requiring hospitalization was significantly greater in more recent years, when evaluating a 5% random sample of Medicare participants in the United States [2]. In the present study, Carignan and coworkers retrospectively reviewed the charts of 5798 men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy between 2002 and 2011. From this cohort, the investigators identified 48 men who developed urinary sepsis after biopsy. These 48 patients were randomly matched to 192 control patients who underwent prostate biopsy without infectious complications. Using this approach, the authors identified, on multivariate analysis, diabetes mellitus, hospitalization in the month before biopsy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and later calendar year of biopsy as risk factors for postbiopsy infection [1]. The authors found that Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (75% of cases) and the cultured pathogen was resistant to ciprofloxacin in 52% of cases. The study follows other reports that, collectively, have identified later calendar year of biopsy, nonwhite race, higher comorbidity scores, enlarged prostate, recent international travel, and recent antibiotic use as risk factors for postbiopsy infection [1–5]. The increasinglycommonproblemofpostbiopsy infection is particularly vexing since transrectal ultrasound-guided
Choroid plexus cysts: significance and current management practices.

Choroid plexus cysts are commonly found in normal fetuses in the second trimester, but the presence of cysts is an indication for a targeted ultrasound scan for signs associated with aneuploidy. In this review the authors explain the histological basis for choroid plexus cyst formation, the association with aneuploidy, and the management controversies that continue to be debated in the literature.
On Competitive Group Testing

In many fault detection problems, the goal is to identify defective items from a set of items with a minimum number of tests. Each test is on a subset of items, which tells whether the subset contains a defective item or not. The concept of competitive algorithm has been developed to relate the properties of the group testing algorithms that assume that the number of defective items $d$ is known, to those without any a priori knowledge on $d$. A new concept of strongly competitive algorithm is defined that relates different characteristics of these two classes of algorithms and present an interesting relationship between the two concepts competitive and strongly competitive. A strongly competitive algorithm is also presented.
Some Insights and Some Cautions

An alternate ap proach to admin istration is begin ning to appear. It centers on the use of two prinicipals, one for admin istration and one for instruction. This article examines the approach, and offers some cautions.
Male-specific transplantation antigen expression by xy teratocarcinomas pcc7 and 7'.

Male-specific antigen expression by XY teratocarcinomas PCC7 and 7′ is demonstrated first by the rejection of tumors by female but not by male mice following challenge with these cell lines. Male-specific antigen expression is confirmed by an indirect method in which females are immunized against H-Y antigen by male skin grafts. A variant of PCC7 lacking male-specific antigen expression is described. Analysis of the karyotype and of the DNA from this variant indicate that the loss of male-specific antigen expression is a result of the loss of the Y chromosome. The ability to recover variants that have lost expression of male-specific antigen opens the possibility of their selection after mutagenesis.
Formation of protonium in collisions of antiprotons with H and H

Cross sections for formation of protonium (pp-bar) in low-energy collisions of antiprotons with hydrogen atoms (H) and negative hydrogen ions (H ) are calculated using the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method. Full four-body dynamics is performed for p-bar+H . Previously unpredicted differences between p-bar+H and p-bar+H collisions, stemming from the dynamics of the weakly bound electron in H , are exhibited. A maximum protonium formation cross section of nearly 2 AS for p-bar+H is found, smaller than previous theoretical estimates, but the reaction window is found to extend to higher energies. The electron stripping cross section for p-bar+H collisions is also calculated and yields results in agreement with our previous three-body CTMC calculation and with a very recent experimental determination. The implications of these results for experiments with corotating beams of p-bar and H are discussed.
Elevated Appraisals of the Negative Impact of Naturally Occurring Life Events: A Risk Factor for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

The tendency to appraise naturally occurring life events (LEs) as having high negative impact may be a predisposing factor for the development of depression and anxiety disorders. In the current study, appraisals of the negative impact of recent LEs were examined in relationship to depressive and anxiety disorders in a sample of 653 adolescents who were administered diagnostic and life stress interviews at ages 15 and 20. Participants’ appraisals of the negative impact of LEs reported at age 15 were statistically adjusted using investigator-based ratings to control for objective differences across LEs. Higher appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were associated with both past and current depressive and anxiety disorders at age 15 and predicted subsequent first onsets of depressive and anxiety disorders occurring between ages 15 and 20. In addition, appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were particularly elevated among those experiencing both a depressive and anxiety disorder over the course of the study. The findings suggest that systematically elevated appraisals of the negative impact of LEs are a predisposing factor for depression and anxiety disorders and may represent a specific risk factor for co-morbid depression and anxiety in mid-adolescence and early adulthood.
Stereo-controlled synthesis of novel photoreactive γ-secretase inhibitors

The stereoselective synthesis of novel photoreactive γ-secretase inhibitors 2 and 3 has been achieved. Key steps of the strategy involve preparation of α-N-Boc-epoxide 8 and formation of lactone 14 in a practical and stereo-controlled fashion. Compounds 2 and 3 are potent γ-secretase inhibitors and directly interact with presenilin-1, a catalytic subunit of γ-secretase.
Language-apparent reflex epilepsy.

An adolescent with photosensitive epilepsy had absence seizures reproduced by forced voluntary eye closure in light or in darkness, independent of eyelid immobilization or ocular elevation. Attacks preferably occurred while speaking Spanish, her second language, mediated through brief, strong, automatic closing of the eyes during difficult word retrieval. Complex other multidirectional ocular movements or blinking, cognitive and language tasks were ineffective. Frontorolandic cortical epileptogenesis is seemingly responsible for light-provoked seizures in Papio papio, acting via hyperexcitable neuronal facial aggregates (i.e. Baba and Wada). Since orbicularis oculi muscle fibers mediating strong and weak contractions are differentially innervated by the facial nuclei, we submit that critical threshold tonic activation of specific nuclear aggregates explains this language-apparent reflex epilepsy, triggered by extreme eye closure. A "dopamine connection hypothesis" linking periodic eye closure, effortful memory and photosensitivity, based on its putative evolutive significance, is discussed.
Luminactive polymettallic complexes

Abstract Luminactive (luminescent and photoactive) mono and bimetallic complexes involving the ligand 3,5-bis(2′pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (Hbpt) and its deprotonated form have been studied. In the case of the monometallic complexes,RhH 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 H n bpt](PF 6 ) n (n=0 and 1), both display luminescence and undergo loss of H 2 at room temperature in ethanol. The bimetallic complex, (bpy) 2 Ru(bpt)RhH 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 2+ , undergoes photochemistry from a rhodium-based, ligand-field (LF) excited state and emission from a ruthenium-based metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state. These results will be compared to previous studies with other bridging ligands and discussed in terms of intramolecular energy transfer processes.
The aging US population and residential energy demand

This piece explores the relationships between a rapidly aging U.S. population and the demand for residential energy. Data indicate that elderly persons use more residential energy than younger persons. In this time of steeply rising energy costs, energy is an especially important financial issue for the elderly with low and/or fixed incomes. As the absolute number of elderly as well as their proportion of the total US population both continue to increase, energy and the elderly population looms as another energy policy challenge.
A self-catalytic colorimetric visualization assay for cancer cell detection

Abstract In a low-resource setting, an ideal disease diagnostic modality is an eye visualization assay that can be performed in minutes by untrained personnel. This paper reports the development of a self-catalytic colorimetric assay to detect the existence of cervical cancer cells by naked eye. The assay consists of a target specific initiator/catalyst, an acid self-catalytic system, and a pH indicator solution. By taking the advantage that trace amount of nucleus staining molecule, hemalum, can function as the initiator, a stained cervical cancer cell with an enlarged nucleus can initiate the self-catalytic reaction in a defined reaction condition to produce a significant amount of acid, which leads to a color change of a pH indicator solution, thereby indicating the presence of the cancer cell. Amplification of at least a trillion fold was achieved within 1.5 min. Due to the minimum engagement of instruments, simplicity and low cost, the assay is a potential tool in clinical to function as a “yes/no” check to facilitate quick decisions for cervical cancer screening. By alternating the method whereby the initiator is associated with the target, the assay can be expanded to screen and detect protein or nucleic acid based biomarkers related to other epidemic diseases in the resource-limited settings.
Fisheries Management and Social Context: The Case of the Maine Lobster Fishery

Abstract Fisheries management agencies have traditionally promoted regulations with the resource in mind. All too often, the regulations proposed have conflicted so strongly with basic social and cultural features of fishing communities that they have been massively resisted. Here, it is argued that opposition to fisheries regulations will be minimized if such regulations are congruent with the existing social and economic system. Five kinds of management proposals, designed to decrease fishing effort in the Maine lobster industry, are discussed against the background of certain key institutional features of coastal communities. Our data suggest that any attempt to decrease fishing effort by a moratorium on fishing, by taxation, or by the imposition of many biological controls (e.g., raising the legal carapace size) would be strongly resisted. On the other hand, a trap limit and limited entry scheme are consistent enough with some institutional features-especially the system of fishing territories-that th...
Blockade by tetraethylammonium (TEA) and rubidium of potassium exchange in Sartorius muscle fibers: Distribution of 14 C-TEA in muscle.

Tetraethylammonium (TEA) causes a blockade of42K-exchange in resting sartorius muscle by a mechanism that differs from that caused by rubidium ions. Whereas the blockade by rubidium of42K-efflux was antagonized by elevation of extracellular potassium, that caused by TEA was antagonized only partially. Rubidium-induced blockade has characteristics of competitive inhibition of42K-exchange while the TEA-induced blockade appears to be non-competitive. Moreover, TEA causes a greater blockade of42K-exchange in muscles bathed in hypertonic solutions than in muscles bathed in isotonic solutions. This finding may be related to the more rapid rate of42K-exchange in muscles bathed in hypertonic solutions. The equilibrium constant for the interaction between TEA and membrane receptors estimated during42K-efflux is approximately 20 mM; the equilibrium constant for rubidium ions is 1.4 mM. The14C-TEA space in sartorius muscle is about 2-times greater than the14C-inulin or sodium spaces but somewhat smaller than14C-urea space. The rates of efflux14C-TEA,14C-inulin and14C-urea are comparable and rapid. Thus, the muscle membrane does not appear to offer a barrier to the exchange of TEA.
Toward a Software Infrastructure for the Cyclops-64 Cellular Architecture

This paper presents the initial design of the Cyclops-64 (C64) system software infrastructure and tools under development as a joint effort between IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, ETI Inc. and the University of Delaware. The C64 system is the latest version of the Cyclops cellular architecture that consists of a large number of compute nodes each employs a multiprocessor-on-a-chip architecture with 160 hardware thread units. The first version of the C64 system software has been developed and is now under evaluation. The current version of the C64 software infrastructure includes a C64 toolchain (compiler, linker, functionally accurate simulator, runtime thread library, etc.) and other tools for system control (system initialization, diagnostics and recovery, job scheduler, program launching, etc.) This paper focuses on the following aspects of the C64 system software: (1) the C64 software toolchain; (2) the C64 Thread Virtual Machine (C64 TVM) with emphasis on TiNy ThreadsTM, the implementation of the C64 TVM; (3) the system software for host control. In addition, we illustrate, through two case studies, what an application developer can expect from the C64 architecture as well as some advantages of this architecture, in particular, how it provides a cost-effective solution. A C64 chips performance varies across different applications from 5 to 35 times faster than common off-the-self microprocessors.
Acoustic Environment Identification and Its Applications to Audio Forensics

An audio recording is subject to a number of possible distortions and artifacts. Consider, for example, artifacts due to acoustic reverberation and background noise. The acoustic reverberation depends on the shape and the composition of a room, and it causes temporal and spectral smearing of the recorded sound. The background noise, on the other hand, depends on the secondary audio source activities present in the evidentiary recording. Extraction of acoustic cues from an audio recording is an important but challenging task. Temporal changes in the estimated reverberation and background noise can be used for dynamic acoustic environment identification (AEI), audio forensics, and ballistic settings. We describe a statistical technique to model and estimate the amount of reverberation and background noise variance in an audio recording. An energy-based voice activity detection method is proposed for automatic decaying-tail-selection from an audio recording. Effectiveness of the proposed method is tested using a data set consisting of speech recordings. The performance of the proposed method is also evaluated for both speaker-dependent and speaker-independent scenarios.
Imaging of the Possible Nebula around the Cataclysmic Variable V1101 Aquilae

ABSTRACT I have obtained Hα and [O iii] λ5007 imaging observations of the cataclysmic variable V1101 Aql to study the nearby nebulosity recently reported by N. Masetti and M. Della Valle. My images reveal only the southern half of the nebulosity and find that it is not an emission‐line source, but it is likely a mid‐G star. The northern part of the suspected nebulosity, if real, is likely a variable source unrelated to the southern object.
A model of focal cancer in rabbit lymph nodes.

Rationale and Objectives. We sought to develop a model of focal cancer in the rabbit lymph node. Methods. Under computed tomography (CT) guidance, 4–5 million VX2 cells were directly injected into the popliteal nodes of 14 anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Fifteen to 18 days later, percutaneous lymphography was performed with CT scanning using radiopaque nanoparticulates and massage. Histologic correlation also was obtained. Results. In 12 of the 14 animals, focal lesions were successfully created within ( n = 6) and adjacent ( n = 6) to the node, and all animals appeared to be healthy when euthanized. Within 15 min after massage, CT lymphography showed homogeneous enhancement of normal node regions and no enhancement of cancer. There was good agreement between histology and lymphography. Conclusion. This method is suitable as a model to test for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
Political protest and democratization in south Korea

This article examines the primary causes of democratic transition in South Korea. The author probes the following two hypotheses: first, as the number of political protests increases, the government is more likely to make democratic concessions. Second, the more strongly the US government supports democratization, the more likely the government in South Korea is to make democratic concessions. This study focuses on the political actors’ strategic interactions and choices in the transition process, comparing the successful transition in 1987 with the aborted transition in 1980. The results of an Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression indicate that political protests and US pressure had a significant impact on the 1987 transition to democracy.
Placebo effects in primary insomnia

Placebo effects are commonly observed in insomnia clinical trials. With the advent of longer-term trials, such effects appear to be remarkably robust and durable. In this paper we review the classic factors that are believed to contribute to placebo effects and how these factors operate in insomnia randomized clinical trials. Beyond this we suggest that the episodic nature of insomnia may interact with patient preferences for intermittent dosing in such a way as to sustain placebo effects in the long term. An appreciation of the latter phenomenon may provide increased power to detect therapeutic outcomes and may be used to potentiate clinical gains.
Optimization of Memory Hierarchies in Multiprogrammed Systems

The optimization of memory hierarchy involves the selection of types and sizes of memory devices such that the average access time to an information block is a minimum for a particular cost constraint. It is assumed that the frequency of usage of the information is known a priori. In this paper the optimization theory for a single task or program is reviewed and it is extended to a general case in multiprogramming when a number of tasks are executed concurrently. Another important extension treats the case when memories are available only in indivisible modules. Comparisons with conventional methods of solution as well as computational experience on the multiprogrammed and modular cases are given.
The effects of mercuric chloride and sodium selenite on glutathione and total nonprotein sulfhydryls in the kidney of the black bullhead (Ictalurus melas)

Abstract 1. Mercuric chloride injections (10 μmol/kg) caused renal nonprotein sulfhydryls (NPSH) to decrease within 3 hr and then increase by 72 hr after injection. 2. Selenium injections (10 μmol/kg) caused renal NPSH increases. 3. The Se-promoted increases in renal NPSH more than compensated for the Hg-induced decreases when the two elements were simultaneously injected. 4. This Se-promoted increase in renal NPSH may explain why Se promotes renal uptake of Hg when the two elements are simultaneously injected. 5. Glutathione accounted for most (77–95%) of the NPSH.
Calreticulin Negatively Regulates the Surface Expression of Cav1.3 L-Type Calcium Channel

Abstract Background The neuroendocrine Cav1.3 L-type Ca channels have been recently found in the Human fetal heart and shown to play a vital role in Ca entry from the sarcolemma into the cell and in Ca homeostasis. Calreticulin, a Ca binding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein, has been recently shown to translocate to the cell surface where its role and function are just emerging. Here, we demonstrated a novel mechanism of Cav1.3 and calreticulin interaction resulting in downregulation of Cav1.3 channel densities in native Human fetal cardiac cells and Human Embryonic Kidney cell lines (tsA201). Methods and results Cell surface and cytoplasmic staining of calreticulin was demonstrated first in cultured human fetal cardiomyocytes (HFC), gestational age 18–24 weeks, using confocal microscopy thereby establishing that calreticulin is present at the cell surface in HFC. Co-immunoprecipitation from HFC using anti-Cav1.3 Ca channel antibody, and probing with anti-calreticulin antibody revealed a 46 kDa band corresponding to calreticulin suggesting that Cav1.3 Ca channel and calreticulin co-assemble in a macromolecular complex. Co-expression of Cav1.3 and calreticulin in tsA201 cells resulted in a decrease in surface expression of Cav1.3 Ca channels. These findings were consistent with the electrophysiological studies showing that co-transfection of Cav1.3 Ca channel and calreticulin resulted in 55% reduction of Cav1.3 Ca current densities recorded from tsA201 cells. Conclusions The results show the first evidence that calreticulin: (1) is localized outside the ER on the cell surface of HFC; (2) coimmunoprecipitates with Cav1.3 L-type Ca channel; (3) negatively regulates Cav1.3 surface expression thus resulting in decreased Cav1.3 Ca current densities. The data demonstrate a novel mechanism of modulation of Cav1.3 Ca channel by calreticulin, which may be involved in pathological settings such as autoimmune associated congenital heart block where Cav1.3 Ca channels are downregulated.
Late-onset globoid cell leukodystrophy mimicking an infiltrating glioma

A 3 1/2 year old girl who developed a gradual left hemiparesis and hemianopia is reported. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated an infiltrating-like high density lesion which crossed the splenium of the corpus callosum, thought to represent a glioma. Subsequent brain biopsy established the correct diagnosis of globoid cell leukodystrophy (GCL), which suggests that the radiographic appearance of late-onset GCL may mimic that of an infiltrating glioma.
Bold missions and the big picture: the societal impact of America’s space program

Abstract When it comes to our enterprise in space, the desire for short-term benefits and fulfillment often clouds our perception and appreciation of any long-term societal impact. Too often, exploration is seen as a means to the technologies, or “spin-offs,” that can be transferred to the private sector. The opposite is true. For a space program, technology is the means to the end that is more exploration and more discoveries. A space program exists to take on the daring, sometimes even audacious, missions the private sector never could. Its destination is not the bottom line but the loftiest of goals: inspiration and the unrestrained intellectual pursuit of knowledge itself.
Isobar dynamics and pion-nucleus elastic scattering

Abstract A new formalism is developed for studying pion-nucleus scattering in a model which takes into account the dynamics of the (3, 3) pion-nucleon resonance, or Δ isobar. This treatment is used to calculate π+ elastic scattering from 16O, 40Ca, 48Ca and 208Pb at energies from 114 to 240 MeV. Some results for π− elastic scattering are also given. From fits to π+ scattering data it is found that the Δ-nucleus interaction is well described by a spherical local complex potential proportional to the nuclear density. The central strength of this potential depends on energy but not on nuclear mass number. Some difficulties in determining the parameters of this potential from elastic scattering are discussed.
Secondary resonances of electrically actuated resonant microsensors

We investigate the response of a microbeam-based resonant sensor to superharmonic and subharmonic electric actuations using a model that incorporates the nonlinearities associated with moderately large displacements and electric forces. The method of multiple scales is used, in each case, to obtain two first-order nonlinear ordinary-differential equations that describe the modulation of the amplitude and phase of the response and its stability. We present typical frequency–response and force–response curves demonstrating, in both cases, the coexistence of multivalued solutions. The solution corresponding to a superharmonic excitation consists of three branches, which meet at two saddle-node bifurcation points. The solution corresponding to a subharmonic excitation consists of two branches meeting a branch of trivial solutions at two pitchfork bifurcation points. One of these bifurcation points is supercritical and the other is subcritical. The results provide an analytical tool to predict the microsensor response to superharmonic and subharmonic excitations, specifically the locations of sudden jumps and regions of hysteretic behavior, thereby enabling designers to safely use these frequencies as measurement signals. They also allow designers to examine the impact of various design parameters on the device behavior.
FPGA implementation of the JPEG2000 binary arithmetic (MQ) decoder

A flexible FPGA implementation of the JPEG-2000 binary arithmetic decoder is presented in this paper. The proposed JPEG2000 binary arithmetic decoder reduces the amount of resources used on the FPGA allowing 19% more entropy block decoders to fit on chip and consequently increasing the throughput by 21% beyond previous designs.
Upf1 ATPase-Dependent mRNP Disassembly Is Required for Completion of Nonsense- Mediated mRNA Decay

Cellular mRNAs exist in messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes, which undergo transitions during the lifetime of the mRNAs and direct posttranscriptional gene regulation. A final posttranscriptional step in gene expression is the turnover of the mRNP, which involves degradation of the mRNA and recycling of associated proteins. How tightly associated protein components are released from degrading mRNPs is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the ATPase activity of the RNA helicase Upf1 allows disassembly of mRNPs undergoing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). In the absence of Upf1 ATPase activity, partially degraded NMD mRNA intermediates accumulate in complex with NMD factors and concentrate in processing bodies. Thus, disassembly and completion of turnover of mRNPs undergoing NMD requires ATP hydrolysis by Upf1. This uncovers a previously unappreciated and potentially regulated step in mRNA decay and raises the question of how other mRNA decay pathways release protein components of substrate mRNPs.
Bilinear Hydrodynamics and the Stokes-Einstein Law

The autocorrelation function of the density of a tagged particle is studied using the Mori formalism. The variables used are the collective conserved variables, the tagged-particle density, and bilinear products thereof. The case of point particles is considered in two dimensions, and, in three dimensions, self-diffusion by a particle of arbitrary size is treated. It is found that the bilinear-hydrodynamic approach automatically separates the self-diffusion coefficient of the tagged particle into a nonhydrodynamic part, and a hydrodynamic part which resembles the Stokes-Einstein law. In two dimensions, it is found that the mean-square displacement of a particle increases as $t\mathrm{ln}t$, and that certain natural redefinitions of the diffusion and friction coefficients leave Einstein's law invariant. In three dimensions, for a large particle, the Stokes-Einstein law is reproduced. The relation between the well-known ${t}^{(\frac{\ensuremath{-}3}{2})}$ "tails" on correlation functions, and the Stokes-Einstein law, is discussed.
Congenital Ewing's sarcoma of the humerus—a case report

(1999). Congenital Ewing's sarcoma of the humerus—a case report. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 70, No. 4, pp. 390-391.
Changes in the mitotic cycle in lateral root meristems of Vicia faba following kinetin treatment

Roots of Vicia faba were treated with H3-Thymidine (1 μC/ml) for one hour, either before or after a three hour treatment with a 10−5 M solution of kinetin. The durations of the mitotic cycle and its constituent phases were then derived from the curves recording the rhythmic entry and exit of labeled cells in prophase, both for the kinetin treated roots and the controls. The rate of DNA synthesis was also determined for the control roots and for roots exposed to H3-Thymidine immediately following treatment with kinetin. — Control values for the durations of the mitotic cycle, G1, S, G2 and mitosis were in agreement with most of the results reported in the literature. Kinetin treatment resulted in an increase in the rate of DNA synthesis, but did not affect the number of cells undergoing DNA synthesis, i.e. kinetin, or a similar compound, may be involved in the control of the rate of DNA synthesis in plant root meristems, but it does not appear to be involved in the control of the initiation of the S period of interphase. — The durations of G1 and G2 are shorter and longer respectively in the kinetin treated roots as compared with the control values. Changes in the durations of these phases of interphase, S, cycle time and the rate of cell proliferation have been discussed with respect to time after kinetin treatment and their possible relationship to carbohydrate metabolism.
Adaptive focus for deep tissue using diffuse backscatter

A system integrating high density diffuse optical imaging with adaptive optics using MEMS for deep tissue interaction is presented. In this system, a laser source is scanned over a high density fiber bundle using Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) and channeled to a tissue phantom. Backscatter is then collected from the tissue phantom by a high density fiber array of different fiber type and channeled to CMOS sensor for image acquisition. Intensity focus is directly verified using a second CMOS sensor which measures intensity transmitted though the tissue phantom. A set of training patterns are displayed on the DMD and backscatter is numerically fit to the transmission intensity. After the training patterns are displayed, adaptive focus is performed using only the backscatter and fitting functions. Additionally, tissue reconstruction and prediction of interference focusing by photoacoustic and optical tomographic methods is discussed. Finally, potential NIR applications such as in-vivo adaptive neural photostimulation and cancer targeting are discussed.
Thermal behavior of horizontally mixed surfaces on Mars

Abstract Current methods for deriving thermal inertia from spacecraft observations of planetary brightness temperature generally assume that surface properties are uniform for any given observation or co-located set of observations. As a result of this assumption and the nonlinear relationship between temperature and thermal inertia, sub-pixel horizontal heterogeneity may yield different apparent thermal inertia at different times of day or seasons. We examine the effects of horizontal heterogeneity on Mars by modeling the thermal behavior of various idealized mixed surfaces containing differing proportions of either dust, sand, duricrust, and rock or slope facets at different angles and azimuths. Latitudinal effects on mixed-surface thermal behavior are also investigated. We find large (several 100 J m −2 K −1 s −1/2 ) diurnal and seasonal variations in apparent thermal inertia even for small (∼10%) admixtures of materials with moderately contrasting thermal properties or slope angles. Together with similar results for layered surfaces [Mellon, M.T., Putzig, N.E., 2007. Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXVIII. Abstract 2184], this work shows that the effects of heterogeneity on the thermal behavior of the martian surface are substantial and may be expected to result in large variations in apparent thermal inertia as derived from spacecraft instruments. While our results caution against the over-interpretation of thermal inertia taken from median or average maps or derived from single temperature measurements, they also suggest the possibility of using a suite of apparent thermal inertia values derived from single observations over a range of times of day and seasons to constrain the heterogeneity of the martian surface.
The Politics of Possession: The Proliferation of Partnerships in the Brazilian Amazon

Centered on one village, Aukre, this article discusses new types of intervillage ties and coordination in the Kayapo lands in Brazil. Present-day village politics are animated by a diverse array of old and emergent partnerships in the Amazon region. The Kayapo effort to preserve their homeland has resulted in communities’ networking, articulating, and partnering with many different types of stakeholders as a response to the territorialization of their homeland and the increased bureaucratization of their livelihoods. Ethnographic data from one village suggests that current community relationships are part of a multilayered political and social landscape. Now, village ties are forged and maintained because of ramped-up transportation and communication within the territory, bureaucratic structures that demand consistent intervillage diplomacy, economic incentives that offer Kayapo communities opportunities for engagement and competition, and ongoing alliances to protect and defend the integrity of the Kayapo lands and their territorial boundaries.
Is transcendental idealism coherent

I argue that transcendental idealism can be understood as a coherent and plausible account of experience. I begin by proposing an interpretation of the claim that we know only appearances that does not imply that the objects of experience are anything other than independently real objects. As I understand it, the claim here is abouthow objects appear to us, and not aboutwhat objects appear to us. After this, I offer a version of a correspondence account of veridical experience, in virtue of which these independent entities can satisfy the contents of our experiences. Specifically, I claim that veridical experience can be construed as a kind of map of reality in itself, and that these independent entities satisfy the contents of our experiences when they are, given the proper method of projection, the objects mapped by those experiences.
The Effects of False Starts and Repetitions on the Processing of Subsequent Words in Spontaneous Speech

Abstract Speech disfluencies have different effects on comprehension depending on the type and placement of disfluency. Words following false starts (such as windmill after in the in the eleventh example is um in the a windmill) have longer word monitoring latencies than the same tokens with the false starts excised. The decremental effect seems to be limited to false starts that occur in the middle of sentences or after discourse markers. I suggest it is at these points that the repair process is most burdened by the false start. In contrast, words following repetitions (heart in of a of a heart) do not have longer word monitoring latencies than the same tokens with the repetitions excised. In two experiments, words following spontaneously produced repetitions have faster word monitoring latencies. Two other experiments suggest that this seeming repetition advantage is more likely the result of slowed monitoring after a phonological phrase disruption. Inserting repetitions where they did not occur in a manner that preserved the original phonological phrases resulted in neither an advantage nor a disadvantage or repeating. These studies provide a first glimpse at how speech disfluencies affect understanding, and also provide information about the types of comprehension models that can accommodate the effects of speech disfluencies.
Monitoring zinc concentrations in water using the respiratory response of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque)

Measuring the cough frequency of bluegills by means of a cannula inserted through the snout into the buccal cavity is a good monitoring technique for zinc (and probably other heavy metals) because the response is quick, is proportional to the toxicant concentration and occurs at sublethal concentrations.
Characterization of Meander Dipole Antennas With a Geometry-Based, Frequency-Independent Lumped Element Model

Meander antennas have gained widespread use in applications such as radio frequency identification (RFID) devices where space for the antenna is limited or a low-frequency operation is required. Several size-reduction and synthesis methods have been proposed over time. However, few studies have focused on developing models to characterize the operation of meander antennas. In addition, existing models are frequency-dependent, which means that they are inherently narrowband. An alternative model that is based entirely on the geometry of a meander dipole antenna (MDA) and is frequency-independent is proposed. To enhance the accuracy of the proposed model, the effect of mutual capacitances introduced through bending of the antenna wire is incorporated. The mutual capacitances are also a function of the antenna geometry. This model is expected to be more broadband relative to existing models. The equivalent circuit model proposed is validated through comparison to numerical simulations in EMCoS, a moment-method-based software package. The discrepancies between predictions of the resonant frequencies of MDAs with our model and simulation results are found to be less than 3%. Two classes of meander dipole antennas are introduced.
Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis and atopic march in children

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic childhood skin diseases affecting up to 17% of children in the United States. The point prevalence of AD has increased based on validated questionnaires in the most recent update of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. However, the increases are primarily in developing countries, whereas the rates have stabilized in countries with higher incomes. AD starts in early childhood with 65% of children affected by 18 months of age. Furthermore, less than half of the patients with AD have complete resolution by 7 years of age and only 60% have resolution by adulthood, indicating the chronic nature of AD. AD is a major risk factor for the development of asthma, with an increased odds ratio in children with AD in several longitudinal studies compared with children without AD, and about 30% of patients with AD develop asthma. Patients with atopic sensitization along with eczema are at a higher risk for progressing in the atopic march to asthma. The main risk factors for progression and persistence of asthma are early onset and severity of AD.
Changes in Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes Affect Cell-Mediated LDL Oxidation and Oxidized LDL–Induced Apoptosis in Mouse Aortic Cells

Abstract—Transgenic mice overexpressing Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (hSod1Tg+/0) or catalase (hCatTg+/0) and knockout mice underexpressing manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2+/−) or glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx1−/−) were used to study the effect of antioxidant enzymes on cell-mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced apoptosis. Incubation of LDL with mouse aortic segments or smooth muscle cells (SMCs) resulted in a significant increase in LDL oxidation. However, LDL oxidation was significantly reduced when LDL was incubated with aortic segments and SMCs obtained from hSod1Tg+/0 and hCatTg+/0 mice compared with those obtained from wild-type mice. In contrast, LDL oxidation was significantly increased when LDL was incubated with aortic segments and SMCs obtained from Sod2+/− and Gpx1−/− mice. CuSO4-oxidized LDL increased DNA fragmentation and caspase activities in the primary cultures of mouse aortic SMCs. However, oxLDL-induced DNA fragmentation and caspase activiti...