cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of the superior colliculus on the primate blink reflex

In this study we used microstimulation to investigate the influence of the superior colliculus on the trigeminal blink reflex. We report that stimulation in the intermediate to deep layers of the tectum produced inhibition of reflex blinks at a latency of approximately 26 ms. We considered the hypothesis that the blink inhibition was mediated via the omnipause neurons (OPNs) of the eye movement control system in the brainstem. Our results show that the least effective sites for suppression were in the rostral colliculus. This is inconsistent with the prediction that OPNs should be maximally recruited from the rostral tectum near the ”fixation zone.” From these points and other considerations, we conclude that the reflex blink suppression from the superior colliculus is not directly mediated by the OPNs or the saccadic eye movement circuits.
Failure of alpha tocopherol to influence chest pain in patients with heart disease.

Claims for vitamin E in angina pectoris have not been based on controlled observations. Even some negative reports have not been adequately controlled as to nonspecific factors. Hence, this study of the effects of alpha tocopherol on cardiac pain used a method of investigation carefully controlled as to psychologic factors which might affect the patient's response or the examiner's interpretation of results. The dose of synthetic alpha tocopherol acetate (300 mg. by mouth daily for two or more months) was the same as that recommended by advocates of this form of therapy as optimum in most cases. The results failed to indicate that the vitamin possessed any advantage over the placebo for treatment of either effort angina or mixed types of cardiac and somatic chest pain.
Rock coatings in Hawaii

Basaltic lava flows exposed to semiarid weathering on the island of Hawaii develop hydrous silica coatings that thicken and incorporate detrital material with age. The nearly pure silica coatings on the younger rocks are colorless, but basaltic detritus and its weathering products, incorporated into coatings on older flows, produce colors ranging from brown to red. Age, rate of supply of material, and the mechanical stability of flow surfaces dictate the color and thickness of coatings. Fresh, glassy pahoehoe surfaces support thin (as much as 5 µm, clear silica coatings but break down in a few years to expose the vesicular underlying material. At first, coloring is concentrated in the open vesicles, yielding a dark brown color: a mixture of red vesicles and projections of black basalt. With age, thicker accumulations of silica incorporate layers of oxidized basaltic material. The dark basaltic material in Kilauea and Mauna Kea coatings is probably supplied by large explosive eruptions, but at Mauna Loa and Kohala, the source could be locally derived basaltic weathering products. The clear hydrous silica layers are probably the product of leaching of locally derived basaltic dust.
Ebola virus inhibits induction of genes by double-stranded RNA in endothelial cells.

Abstract Fatal cases of filoviral infection are accompanied by a marked immunosuppression. Endothelial cells play a vital role in the host immune response through the expression of several immunomodulatory genes in addition to the expression of the antiviral genes, 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase [2′-5′(A) N ], and the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR). dsRNA, an intermediate generated during viral replication and gene transcription of many viruses, leads to the induction of immunomodulatory genes in endothelial cells. In this report, we show that induction of the major histocompatibility complex class I family of genes, 2′-5′(A) N , interleukin-6 (IL-6), PKR, interferon (IFN)-regulatory factor-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by dsRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells is suppressed by infection with the filovirus Ebola–Zaire (EZ). In contrast, induction of IL-6 and ICAM-1 by IL-1 is intact in EZ-infected cells. Gel shift analysis demonstrates that dsRNA-induced protein binding to IFN-responsive elements is strongly suppressed by EZ-IFN, whereas NF-κB activation by dsRNA remains intact. We previously reported that IFN signaling is suppressed by EZ infection, and these data strongly suggest that elements shared between IFN and dsRNA signaling are being inhibited by EZ. Inhibition of IFN and dsRNA responsiveness could play a role in the immunosuppression seen in EZ infections and would play a role in the pathogenesis of disease caused by EZ.
Abstract 2844: Systems biology analysis of tumor and stromal genes in different metastatic microenvironments

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Metastasis is a multistage process that requires cancer cells to escape from the primary tumor, survive in the circulation, seed at distant sites and colonize these foreign tissue environments. Each of these processes involves rate-limiting steps that are influenced by stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Our goal is to dissect organ-site specific signatures of tumor-stroma interactions in metastasis. In this approach we devised an experimental and computational strategy to enable the simultaneous analysis of tumor and stromal genes in lesions from three distinct metastatic microenvironments. We took advantage of a recently developed system where organ-site specific metastatic variants were selected in vivo from a parental breast cancer cell line and home to the brain, the bone and the lung in xenografted animals. An important technological advance is the HuMu ProtIn (Protease/Inhibitor) array that was designed to distinguish between human (Hu) and mouse (Mu) gene expression. By using the HuMu ProtIn array we can determine whether differentially expressed proteases and endogenous protease inhibitors are of tumor (human) or stromal (mouse) origin. This allowed us to simultaneously capture the tumor and stromal contributions in intact tumors. After profiling of brain, bone and lung metastases at different stages of development we employed knock-down and knock-out strategies to experimentally validate the biological relevance of predicted candidate genes including the serine protease Htra1 and the cysteine protease cathepsin S. Cathepsin S represents an interesting example as the expression of tumor-derived cathepsin S decreases during the progression from early to late brain metastasis, whereas the expression of stromal-derived cathepsin S increases over time. Targeting either tumor- or stromal derived cathepsin S did not significantly prolong tumor-free survival, however the combined ablation of tumor- and stromal derived cathepsin S resulted in a dramatic impairment of brain metastasis formation. This study emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the complex reciprocal interactions between tumor cells and stromal cells with the ultimate goal to improve the predictive value of prognostic evaluation and to develop combination therapies that target the tumor along with its microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2844. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2844
Understanding the high energetic behavior of nano-energetic porous silicon

Abstract Nano-energetic materials have recently become a subject of intense interest due to improved performance in terms of energy release, ignition, and mechanical properties. Here we report the mechanism of highly energetic behavior of nano-crystalline porous silicon. We show that the nanocomposite reacts at lower temperatures than that required for the dehydration of NaClO4·1H2O by itself. Using time-resolved emission during energetic reaction and infrared absorption analysis after explosion, we demonstrated the formation of O and OH radicals during the explosion. A detailed chemical mechanism for the formation of O and OH radicals is presented based on QRRK estimates.
Cytopathology of oncocytic carcinoid tumor of the lung mimicking granular cell tumor. A case report.

Background The cytopathologic features of oncocytic carcinoid tumor of the lung, a rare variant of carcinoid tumor that is composed exclusively of oncocytes, have not been described before in detail. Case The bronchial brush smears from an 80-year-old female with an endobronchial obstructive tumor showed single and loose clusters of tumor cells with abundant granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The differential diagnoses included oncocytic carcinoid tumor, granular cell tumor, other oncocytic tumors of bronchial origin and metastatic oncocytic tumors. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy confirmed the diagnosis of oncocytic carcinoid tumor. Conclusion Oncocytic carcinoid tumor of the lung has cytopathologic features similar to those of granular cell tumor and pulmonary oncocytoma. Immunocytochemistry, electron microscope or both are necessary to distinguish these neoplasms.
On Symmetry and Positivity for Domino and Ribbon Tableaux

Inspired by the spin-inversion statistic of Schilling, Shi mozono and White and Haglund et al., we relate the symmetry of ribbon functions to a result of van Leeuwen, and also describe the multiplication of a domino function by a Schur function.
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of the experimental neuropathy caused by p-bromophenylacetylurea

Doses of p-bromophenylacetylurea (BPAU) ranging from 50 to 400 mg/kg were administered i.p., in dimethyl sulfoxide, to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Age- and weight-matched control rats were treated with equivalent volumes of solvent. After a latent period of 7 days, the test rats developed signs of peripheral neuropathy. The signs were dose related and ranged from modest hind limb weakness to total hind limb paralysis. The forelimbs were affected only by the highest dosage. Even in severely disabled rats there was no statistically significant decrease in the conduction velocity or amplitude of action potentials evoked in tail nerve. However, the maximum amplitude of potentials evoked in the anterior tibial muscles by in vivo stimulation of the sciatic nerve decreased to less than half of normal by 15 days after treatment with BPAU, 200 mg/kg. Muscle action potentials remained depressed for at least 60 days after treatment. The decrease in amplitude of the compound muscle action potential was strongly correlated with the clinically scored degree of disability (r = −0.82). Direct muscle toxicity was discounted because in vitro studies of the extensor digitorum longus showed a response to direct electrical stimulation even when miniature end-plate potentials and end-plate potentials were absent. The clinical observations and electrophysiologic findings are consistent with the conclusion that the distal extremities of the longest neurons are the primary locus of pathology in BPAU neuropathy.
Multiple auxin response modules in the soybean SAUR 15A promoter

Abstract The soybean SAUR genes are primary auxin response genes that are induced within a few minutes after auxin application. It has been previously shown that a small region (referred to as the DUE/NDE element) in the SAUR 15A promoter is sufficient to confer auxin responsiveness [Li et al., Plant Physiol 106 (1994) 37–43]. Here, we describe a second auxin response region of 47-bp in the SAUR 15A promoter that resides upstream of the DUE/NDE element. We also report on site-directed mutations in the NDE/DUE element that suggest a complex organization for this auxin-response element. Our results indicate that the SAUR 15A promoter is composed of multiple auxin response elements that behave differently than those previously characterized in the soybean GH3 promoter [Liu et al. Plant Cell, 6 (1994) 645–657].
Proactive optimization of toxic waste transportation, location and technology

Abstract Many models of real world problems, such as the toxic waste transportation and location problem, produce solutions that “make the best of a bad situation”. Yet in many cases, giving the model better choices with which to work could produce far superior results. We introduce a framework for proactive optimization, defined as identification of the structural parameters within an OR problem that cause optimal solutions to be less than satisfactory, followed by an exogenous search for better options to add to the model. The proactive methodology is illustrated by a multiobjective, mixed-integer, location-allocation model with technology choice variables. A new technology, solar-driven waste detoxification, is compared with toxic waste incineration on three traditionally conflicting criteria: cost, a new risk measure (μg/m3 person hrs), and a new disequity measure (MinMaxSum kg∗km). The solar process is found to improve all three objectives considerably. Sensitivity analysis indicates the robustness of the results in terms of cost, risk, and sunlight availability.
Photoreceptive Pigments for Anthocyanin Synthesis in Apple Skin

LIGHT is required for anthocyanin synthesis in many plant tissues. Appreciable synthesis of idaein (cyanidin 3-galactoside) in the apple skin, 1.0 × 10−9 moles/cm2 of skin, requires 7 joules/cm2 incident energy at the action maximum near 650 mμ and about three times as much energy in the region of the subsidiary maximum between 430 and 480 mμ (ref. 1). This high-energy photoreaction, which will later be referred to as the HER, usually must be followed by a photoreaction establishing the photomorphogenic pigment, phytochrome, in the far-red absorbing form (Pfr) which requires about 3 × 10−3 J/cm2 for half saturation at the action maximum near 655 mμ (ref. 2). A number of photomorphogenic responses of plants including control of flowering and etiolation suppression, but not seed germination, involve both a high-energy reaction and the action of Pfr (ref. 3). The photoreceptive pigment has not previously been identified for the HER in apple skin or other objects and Pfr has not been shown to be necessary for idaein synthesis.
A Fond Farewell.

(2003). A Fond Farewell. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association: Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 642-642.
The vocational interests of black males

Abstract The Strong Vocational Interest Blank (SVIB) was administered to all incoming freshmen at Berea College. Of the group of 190 men, 150 were white and 40 were black. Black freshmen males were found to differ significantly from white males on a bipolar factor of interest in social service (working with people) vs. interest in the physical sciences ( t = −3.96, p
Descriptive Developmental Research: Why Only Time?

(1975). Descriptive Developmental Research: Why Only Time? The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 126, No. 2, pp. 289-296.
Winter Habitat Use by Orangethroat Darter, Etheostoma spectabile, at Multiple Spatial Scales

ABSTRACT We determined densities of orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile) from different channel units during winter, the relation between fish size and channel unit used, and the microhabitat conditions related to the densities of this species. A quadrat sampler and backpack electrofishing were combined to sample darters from different channel units in an Ozark border region stream in central Missouri, USA. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences between mean densities of orangethroat darters in channel units. Densities were highest in pool and lowest in riffle habitats. Darter length was significantly greater in riffles than runs or pools. Variables significant to our model were velocity (negative correlation), percent cobble (positive correlation), and percent boulder (negative correlation). We found darters used all channel units during winter, though disproportionately. Identifying microhabitat conditions (low-velocity microhabitats) used by darters without channel unit use could ...
Developing digital libraries education and training programs

Gaining education and training in the field of Digital Libraries is a difficult prospect. Relevant courses and experiences are usually scattered among different programs and institutions. Often, course content does not include the necessary mix of the theoretical and practical treatment. The workshop is aimed at developers, researchers, educators, and administrators interested in educational programs for training next generation of digital library professionals - both information technologists and librarians.
Tribological properties and high speed drilling application of MoS2–Cr coatings

Abstract This study demonstrates that the properties of MoS 2 coatings can be significantly improved through the co-deposition of an appropriate amount of chromium. The MoS 2 –Cr x % coatings not only exhibit improved adhesion strength, microhardness and tribological properties, but also demonstrate an enhanced machining performance. This study investigates the tribological properties of the coatings under ball-on-disk point and cylinder-on-disk line contact wear modes using an oscillation friction and wear tester with a variety of counterbodies. Additionally, high-speed through-hole drilling tests are performed on PCBs to investigate the machining performance of the coated micro-drills. The results demonstrate that under the point contact wear mode, the optimal tribological properties are obtained using a MoS 2 –Cr8% coating sliding against a Si 3 N 4 ceramic ball. Meanwhile, in the line contact wear mode, a MoS 2 –Cr5% coating sliding against a bronze cylinder or a MoS 2 –Cr8% coating sliding against a 6061 Al cylinder provides the optimal performance. Finally, it is shown that coating micro-drills with MoS 2 –Cr5% increases the tool life by a factor of two compared to uncoated drills when used for the high-speed through-hole drilling of PCBs under dry conditions.
American Women and Politics in the Media: A Review Essay

The study of women and politics in the media is a relatively young subfield, blessed with scholarship from the fields of communications, cultural studies, history, sociology and political science. Members of these fields use methodologies—such as semiotics, qualitative analysis, and quantitative content analysis—to examine the content of communication about women and politics in news and advertising. Studies of the impact of messages use polls, experiments, and focus groups. Scholars draw primarily upon theories of framing (Entman 1993), hegemony (Gramsci 1971), and organizational structures (Epstein 1973; Sigal 1973) to explain why news content looks the way it does. Although most research focuses on content rather than causes and consequences, some studies are putting the pieces together to explain how efforts of groups and individuals influence coverage of women and politics and how audiences react to those messages.
Limitations of polynomial chaos expansions in the Bayesian solution of inverse problems

Polynomial chaos expansions are used to reduce the computational cost in the Bayesian solutions of inverse problems by creating a surrogate posterior that can be evaluated inexpensively. We show, by analysis and example, that when the data contain significant information beyond what is assumed in the prior, the surrogate posterior can be very different from the posterior, and the resulting estimates become inaccurate. One can improve the accuracy by adaptively increasing the order of the polynomial chaos, but the cost may increase too fast for this to be cost effective compared to Monte Carlo sampling without a surrogate posterior.
Modulation of surface proteins by calcium in Chinese hamster lung cells

Abstract Investigations on the role of calcium in regulation of cell morphology of Chinese hamster lung cells (V79) revealed that cells grown with additional calcium (5 mM) in the growth medium (Ham's F12) adhere more tightly to the substratum than those grown in F12 alone. Additional calcium in the medium did not cause any changes in the structural membrane proteins or glycoproteins. Radioiodination of the surface membrane proteins of cells grown with or without additional calcium showed distinct differences in the labeling profile. The most striking change observed in cells grown with additional calcium was a very heavily labeled protein band at 70 K molecular weight. Two bands at approx. 100 K and 42 K were also heavily labeled. In contrast, the amount of radioactivity of a protein band at 52 K decreased in the cells grown in additional calcium. In general, cells grown with additional CaCl 2 were better iodinated than those grown in growth medium alone. The results demonstrate that calcium modulates surface proteins of V79 cells and this modulation may account for the changes observed in the cell morphology.
Recurrent membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1 in successive renal transplants

We report a man who developed renal failure due to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type 1 which recurred in two cadaveric kidney transplants. This is the third such case in the literature. Nephrotic syndrome developed within 1 month following transplantation and histologic evidence of disease recurrence was documented in both kidneys 2 months after transplantation. Both grafts failed within 18 months. Factors which determine disease recurrence remain obscure.
The Axiology of the Books of Kings

The religious value of Deuteronomy is very great... and the aim of Deuteronomy is to establish for religion a deeper basis than that of public ritual, or legal rules. The author addresses himself, more directly and effectively than any previous teacher of Israel had done, to the individual soul; he labors by appealing to the most powerful and generous emotions, to quicken and intensify the religious life of the individual... it discerned that that life must be a life of loyal obedience and of holy affection; and inasmuch as these are not outward acts but inward states, it took the first steps toward transferring the stress of religion from national observance to individual
Polarization Effects In Laser-Pumped Nd:YAG Lasers

Our investigations into the polarization properties of mechanically-stressed monolithic Nd:YAG oscillators have led to two important discoveries. First is the applicability of mechanical stress as a means for rapidly tuning the output frequency of a single-mode monolithic oscillator. The second, quite unexpected, discovery is that the polarization emitted by such a Nd:YAG oscillator is strongly dependent on both the polarization and precise wavelength of the (nominally 800 nm wavelength) pump radiation. 8 refs., 3 figs.
Public Prception of the Registered Dietitian Profession

Abstract A survey was developed and dispersed at a hospital health education center. The majority of participants were female, middle-aged and older. Most participants believe nutrition is very important to them personally. They also value nutrition advice from a Registered Dietitian, believe that nutrition counseling from an RD should be a paid medical benefit by Medicare and insurance, and that they would pay out of pocket for nutrition counseling by an RD. Yet, they do not know the credentials required for the profession. If they do not know the credentials required, they probably are not able to decipher a "nutritionist" (a term frequently used by many unqualified individuals) from an RD. They are more likely to listen to unqualified individuals and become confused with the multitude of information available on nutrition. Because they do not know the RD's educational background in nutrition, many still value medical doctors as nutrition experts. RDs need to make the public aware of their credentials and convince them that they are the nutrition experts. Since most participants receive nutrition advice from newspapers and magazines, these are the markets to target when promoting a campaign to educate the public about the profession. Because women are more likely to value nutrition's importance, they are an excellent target. This study further supports the American Dietetic Association's emphasis on creating campaigns to educate the public about who Registered Dietitians are and why RDs should be valued as the nutrition experts.
Gap-junctional communication compartments in the Drosophila wing imaginal disk.

Abstract Using intracellular injection of small fluorescent molecules, we examined the gap-junctional communication properties of cells in the wing imaginal disk of Drosophila. We observed extensive spread of the injected dye between cells in all parts of the wing disk epithelium, but we found that this spread is not uniform. Instead, the cell-to-cell movement of dye is partially restricted at several defined boundaries such that cells on one side of the boundary have a low level of communication with cells on the other side. These communication-restriction boundaries are delineated by bands of cells with a low level of communication, and they subdivide the disk epithelium into a number of “communication compartments.” Interestingly, the boundaries of some of these communication compartments appear to be coincident with compartment borders identified in cell lineage studies. Given this striking coincidence, we suggest that gap-junctional communication may play a role in compartment formation, and in controlling the appropriate differentiation of cells within compartments.
DMP 323, a nonpeptide cyclic urea inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease, specifically and persistently blocks intracellular processing of HIV gag polyprotein.

DMP 323, a C-2-symmetrical cyclic urea, is representative of a new class of inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus protease. In this study, we correlate the potent antiviral activity of DMP 323 in acute infections with antiprotease activity assessed by monitoring the inhibition of the processing of viral gag precursor polyprotein from chronically infected lymphoid and monocytoid cell lines. Electron microscopic examination confirmed that the inhibition of gag processing was associated with the production of immature viral particles. Reduction of DMP 323 in the environment of unprocessed gag viral particles did not result in the resumption of gag processing for at least 72 h. Images
From five stars down

Five Equations that Changed the World: The Power and Poetry of Mathematics. By Michael Guillen Little, Brown: 1995. Pp. 277. $22.45, £18.99. Five Golden Rules: Great Theories of Twentieth-Century Mathematics and Why They Matter. By John L. Casti Nature's Numbers: Discovering Order and Pattern in the Universe Wiley: 1995. Pp. 225. $24.95, £16.99.. By Ian Stewart BasicBooks/Weidenfeld and Nicol-son: 1995. Pp. 164. $20, £9.99. Pythagoras' Trousers: God, Physics, and the Gender Wars. By Margaret Wertheim Times: 1995. Pp. 279. $23. Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics. By Jean-Pierre Changeux and Alain Connes. Princeton University Press: 1995. Pp. 260. $24.95, £19.95.
The arousal model of moral condemnation

Abstract Previous research regarding the affective correlates of moral judgment has emphasized that this relation is rooted in the natural properties of discrete emotions, suggesting that specific emotions (e.g., disgust) increase moral condemnations for specific categories of moral violation (e.g. purity violations). In three experiments, we find that arousal increases the severity of moral condemnations, while emotion specificity effects remain absent. Results are compatible with constructivist approaches to emotion and the feelings as information account of social judgment.
Dopant-induced contrast enhancement of vertically aligned liquid crystal cells

A simple method is developed for aligning the laterally difluorinated high birefringence liquid crystal (LC) compounds and mixtures in a homeotropic cell. Adding a few percent positive dielectric anisotropic or nonpolar LC material not only enhances the contrast ratio but also improves the overall figure-of-merit. Several negative LC compounds with a wide variation of birefringence are used to investigate this phenomenon. Molecular modeling and experimentation are demonstrated to support this concept.
Promoting angiogenesis protects severely hypertrophied hearts from ischemic injury.

Abstract Background Myocardial hypertrophy is associated with progressive contractile dysfunction, increased vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury, and is, therefore, a risk factor in cardiac surgery. During the progression of hypertrophy, a mismatch develops between the number of capillaries and cardiomyocytes per unit area, suggesting an increase in diffusion distance and the potential for limited supply of oxygen and nutrients. We hypothesized that promoting angiogenesis in hypertrophied hearts increases microvascular density, thereby improves tissue perfusion and substrate availability, maintains myocardial function, and improves postischemic recovery. Methods Left ventricular hypertrophy was created in 10-day-old rabbits by aortic banding and progression was monitored by echocardiography. At 4 weeks (compensated hypertrophy), 2 μg of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or placebo was administered intrapericardially. After 2 weeks, microvascular density, coronary flow (CF), and glucose uptake (GU) were measured. Tolerance to ischemia was determined by cardiac function measurements before and after ischemia-reperfusion using an isolated heart preparation. Results Microvascular density increased significantly following VEGF treatment (1.43 ± 0.08/nuclei/field vs 1.04 ± 0.06/nuclei/field untreated hypertrophy). Concomitantly, there was an increase in CF (7 ± 0.5 vs 5 ± 0.4 mL/min/g) and GU (1.24 ± 0.2 vs 0.69 ± 0.2 μmoles/g/30 minutes; p ≤ 0.05). In vivo contractile function (−0.08 ± 0.48 vs −1.39 ± 0.35 untreated hypertrophy; p ≤ 0.05) and postischemic myocardial recovery (% recovery: 93 ± 2.0 vs 73 ± 6.8 untreated hypertrophy; p ≤ 0.05) were significantly improved in VEGF-treated hearts compared to untreated hypertrophied hearts. Conclusions Treatment of hypertrophied hearts with VEGF resulted in an increase of microvascular density, improved tissue perfusion, and glucose delivery. Promoting angiogenesis proved useful in preserving myocardial function in late hypertrophy and improving postischemic recovery of contractile function.
Automaticity in social-cognitive processes.

Over the past several years, the concept of automaticity of higher cognitive processes has permeated nearly all domains of psychological research. In this review, we highlight insights arising from studies in decision-making, moral judgments, close relationships, emotional processes, face perception and social judgment, motivation and goal pursuit, conformity and behavioral contagion, embodied cognition, and the emergence of higher-level automatic processes in early childhood. Taken together, recent work in these domains demonstrates that automaticity does not result exclusively from a process of skill acquisition (in which a process always begins as a conscious and deliberate one, becoming capable of automatic operation only with frequent use) – there are evolved substrates and early childhood learning mechanisms involved as well.
Seasonal variation in the morphology of thyroid parafollicular (C) cells in the woodchuck, Marmota monax: A light and electron microscopic study

The morphology of parafollicular (C) cells in the thyroid gland of the woodchuck, Marmota monax, was studied during the four seasons of the year. The spring C cells are characterized by a large Golgi zone, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and relatively few dense granules. In the summer these cells appear to be larger and many are packed with dense granules. Fall cells exhibit morphological characteristics suggestive of intense synthetic activity, having rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in whorls or parallel arrangement, a large Golgi apparatus and few, to many granules, some of which are larger than those seen in the spring and summer C cells. In the winter, most of the C cells are packed with granules. The Golgi zone, when observed, is small and the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum is sparse. Many cell profiles exhibit apparent granule dissolution. These cyclic morphological findings are discussed along with previous studies of other hibernators and are correlated with the seasonal activities of the woodchuck.
The ground state torsion rotation spectrum of CH2DOH

Abstract The ground state torsion rotation spectrum of CH2DOH has been completely characterized through J = 30 and Ka = 10, 9, 9 in the three torsional sub-states of the ground state; e0, e1, and o1, respectively. Additional a-type assignments are presented to Ka = 11 in each of the torsional sub-states. The data has been analyzed with an empirical power series model as well as an empirical internal axis model. Over 8000 transitions have been assigned and fit with near experimental accuracy over the range of 4–1628 GHz. The characterization of the spectrum allows for a complete set of ground state term values enabling a better understanding of the infrared spectrum. Comparison of the torsional contributions of the Hamiltonian with normal methanol provides great insight into the nature of the asymmetric-top asymmetric-frame internal rotation problem. The comparison with normal methanol also provides a relatively straightforward transformation from the well understood C3V internal rotation problem to the completely asymmetric internal rotation problem. The data and analysis provide some practical wisdom on the impacts of breaking the symmetry and the choice of models for addressing the nearly three fold completely asymmetric internal rotation problem.
Dimerization of the Human Receptors for Prostacyclin and Thromboxane Facilitates Thromboxane Receptor-mediated cAMP Generation

Abstract Prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane (TxA2) are biological opposites; PGI2, a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, limits the deleterious actions of TxA2, a vasoconstrictor and platelet activator. The molecular mechanisms involved in the counterregulation of PGI2/TxA2 signaling are unclear. We examined the interaction of the receptors for PGI2 (IP) and TxA2 (TPα). IP-induced cAMP and TP-induced inositol phosphate generation were unaltered when the receptors were co-expressed in HEK 293 cells (IP/TPα-HEK). TP-cAMP generation, in response to TP agonists or a TP-dependent isoprostane, iPE2III, was evident in IP/TPα-HEK and in aortic smooth muscle cells, but not in cells expressing either receptor alone, or in IP-deficient aortic smooth muscle cells. Augmentation of TP-induced cAMP generation, with the IP agonist cicaprost, was ablated in IP-deficient cells and was independent of direct IP signaling. IP/TPα heterodimers were formed constitutively when the receptors were co-expressed, with no overt changes in ligand binding to the individual receptor sites. However, despite inefficient binding of iPE2III to either the IP or TPα, expressed alone or in combination, robust cAMP generation was evident in IP/TPα-HEK, suggesting the formation of an alternative receptor site. Thus, IP/TPα dimerization was coincident with TP-cAMP generation, promoting a “PGI2-like” cellular response to TP activation. This represents a previously unknown mechanism by which IP may limit the cellular effects of TP.
Unstructured Two‐Point Estimation of One‐Compartment Linear Pharmacokinetic Parameters

: A method is described which estimates one-compartment linear pharmacokinetic parameters from two serum drug concentrations obtained at any known times during a drug regimen. During multidose regimens, these two samples need not have a specific temporal relationship to a particular dose. Also, the method will predict eventual steady-state drug concentrations early in the course of a continuous infusion. Modifications of the basic method will accommodate variations in the dosage regimen and permit the analysis of data in patients who have measurable serum drug concentrations prior to the start of the regimen.
Gauge model with light W and Z bosons

We show how the standard electroweak gauge model can be naturally generalized to SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(2)', which has twice the number of gauge bosons of the standard model. All known fermions transform with respect to SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} U(1); spontaneous symmetry breaking is achieved with a scalar quartet which links SU(2) and SU(2)' and the usual scalar doublet. The interaction Hamiltonian at low energy reproduces the low-energy phenomenology of the standard model. The high-energy predictions of the model are explored. One $W$ and one $Z$ are less massive than the corresponding bosons of the standard model. These light bosons are relatively narrow, with total widths typically 50 MeV. Cross sections for light $Z$ and $W$ production in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collisions and hadron collisions are given. A $Z$ mass as low as 32 GeV is compatible with existing measurements; the most stringent present limit is set by the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation cross section.
Use of Stress Testing to Evaluate Patients With Recurrent Chest Pain After Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization

Controversy exists regarding the diagnostic accuracy, optimal technique, and timing of noninvasive stress testing after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Many patients return with chest pain after PTCA, and because the incidence of restenosis has been reported to be as high as 50%, a noninvasive test with a high predictive value is needed to reduce the need for unnecessary coronary angiography. Studies have shown that the sensitivity and specificity of stress testing varies depending on the amount of time elapsed since the procedure. Soon after a successful PTCA, perfusion defects on nuclear imaging following exercise or pharmacologic stress may be detected in asymptomatic patients without angiographic restenosis. In many patients, abnormal stress myocardial perfusion scans will normalize spontaneously, and thus stress testing with nuclear imaging within 4 to 6 weeks of PTCA lacks specificity for detecting restenosis. In contrast, stress echocardiography which detects wall motion abnormalities rather than perfusion mismatch has been reported to offer more specific information on myocardial ischemia and restenosis early after PTCA. In patients who develop chest pain more than 6 weeks after PTCA, the ability to accurately identify restenosis is shared by both echocardiographic and nuclear imaging methods. The purpose of this review is to clarify the strengths, pitfalls, and prognostic value of different stress modalities and cardiac imaging techniques in patients who develop chest pain within 6 months of undergoing PTCA.
Empowering measures for quantum finite automata (QFA)

The 1-way quantum finite automata and 2-way quantum finite automata are the first ever developed quantum automatons. But they suffer from many disadvantages which make them less powerful and impracticable. To remove these drawbacks there are many ways to modify and aggrandize the quantum finite automatons. Including 1-counter with 1-way QFA significantly improve its power. Likely quantum finite automata with quantum and classical states (QCFA) and 2-way quantum finite 1-counter automata (2-QF1-CA) are the quintessence of these modifications. In our paper we first discuss about 1-QFA and 2-QFA and their drawbacks. In the section IV we introduce an algorithm by implementing 1-way quantum finite k-counter automata (1-QFk-CA). Then we discuss another algorithm by implementing quantum finite 1-counter automata (QF1-CA) with multiple scanning of the input string. These algorithms improve the power of QFAs.
Expert systems in production and operations management: research directions in assessing overall impact

The use and development of expert systems in public and private organizations continue to increase. Many of these systems are being developed for production and operations management. Unfortunately, the impacts that these systems are having in these environments have, for the most part, not been investigated. Most studies on expert systems to date centre either on the technical aspects or validation issues. No one has taken a systemic view that takes into account both the technical issues and the human issues that will have to be addressed in implementing these systems. This paper seeks to stimulate research into the overall impact of expert systems implementation in production. To this end, fourteen research propositions are developed and presented. In addition, the major variables associated with these propositions are combined into a causal model to show the relationships between them and to reveal an overall perspective of the impacts of expert systems implementation on the production process.
Serum-free culture of rat postnatal neurons derived from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

Abstract Previous studies on dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) neurons have mainly used in vivo animal models and in vitro brainstem slices. Primary culture of postnatal DMNV neurons in defined serum free medium has not been reported. We report a method for culture of postnatal rat DMNV neurons using serum free medium. Cultured DMNV neurons contain both Hu positive precursor cells and mature cells staining positively for microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) and choline acetyltransferase. Exposure of cultured DMNV neurons to glutamate (10 −7 to 10 −3 M) induced an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the functional presence of glutamate receptors. Voltage-dependent calcium currents were present in cultured DMNV neurons. Active cell proliferation was demonstrated by BrdU incorporation. Upon removal of βFGF, the percentage of MAP2 positive mature neurons was significantly increased from 36 ± 3 to 73 ± 3%. Our study demonstrates that postnatal rat DMNV neurons cultured in serum free medium retain morphological and physiological characteristics of DMNV neurons in situ.
Using the Barnum Effect to Teach about Ethics and Deception in Research.

The Barnum effect was generated to teach students about the ethics of deception in research and the feelings of subjects who are lied to. Students in research methods classes received feedback based on a bogus personality inventory and rated the perceived validity of the interpretations. Students accepted the feedback, although seniors were more skeptical than juniors or sophomores. The class discussed the ethics of deception based on their own reactions to the knowledge that they were deceived. Students agreed that the approach was effective in helping them learn firsthand about the costs and benefits of deception in research.
Responding to violence and injustice using nonviolence: Martin Luther King Jr., Leymah Gbowee, and Dorothy Stang

This paper addresses the idea that in order to effectively address human rights violations, military intervention is necessary. It advocates the perspective that nonviolent direct action is an effective way to address human rights abuses. By analyzing the work of Martin Luther King, Jr. in the US during the 1960s, Leymah Gbowee in Liberia in the 1990s, and Dorothy Stang in Brazil through 2005, the article demonstrates that their actions required great courage and imagination and that nonviolent activism is effective in a variety of historical contexts and global contexts.
Anatomy and Development of the Young Spine

Knowledge of the normal development and anatomy of the growing spine is essential for the proper evaluation of the young athlete’s spine. Changes to the anatomy and mechanics of the spine as the child grows put the young athlete at risk for specific conditions and injuries of the axial skeleton. During radiographic evaluation, a thorough understanding of patterns of ossification, variants, and anatomic differences from the mature spine, such as pseudosubluxation and increased atlanto-dens interval, will aid in diagnosis and prevent misinterpretation of normal findings as injury. The goal of this chapter is to review the embryologic development and pertinent anatomy of the spine in children and adolescents as it changes during normal growth including the identification of common anatomic variants. This anatomic information will serve as the basis for evaluating the structure and function of the young athlete’s spine in health and disease.
An Information Theoretic Approach via IJM to Segmenting MR Images with MS Lesions

Automated detection of brain pathologies from Magnetic Resonance (MR) images remains an outstanding problem. An information theoretic approach for automated segmentation of medical images called the Improved "Jump" Method (IJM) has been recently developed and validated. Here we extend this work by utilizing IJM to segment human brain MR images with multiple-sclerosis (MS) lesions in order to probe IJM's limitations and versatility.
The classroom practices inventory: An observation instrument based on NAEYC's guidelines for developmentally appropriate practices for 4- and 5-year-old children

Abstract The controversy over what is an appropriate early childhood curriculum has created a need for research instruments designed to measure classroom practices. This article reports on the development of a new observational measure based on the Guidelines for Developmentally Appropriate Practices of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). The Classroom Practices Inventory (CPI) is a 26-item rating scale tapping the curricular emphasis and emotional climate of programs for 4- and 5-year-old children. The scale demonstrated a high degree of internal consistency. Over half the measure's variance was accounted for by a factor tapping encouragement of curiosity, creativity, and provision of concrete materials. In a study of 10 preschool programs, CPI scores correlated significantly with teachers' and parents' educational attitudes. Modest relationships were found between the CPI scores of children's preschools and measures of academic skills, creativity, and anxiety. The CPI appears to be a promising measure for critically examining the concept of developmentally appropriate practices in early childhood education.
A defect in deletion of nucleosome-specific autoimmune T cells in lupus-prone thymus : Role of thymic dendritic cells

To study central tolerance to the major product of ongoing apoptosis in the thymus, we made new lines of transgenic (Tg) mice expressing TCR of a pathogenic autoantibody-inducing Th cell that was specific for nucleosomes and its histone peptide H471–94. In the lupus-prone (SWR × NZB)F1 (SNF1) thymus, introduction of the lupus TCR transgene caused no deletion, but marked down-regulation of the Tg TCR and up-regulation of endogenous TCRs. Paradoxically, autoimmune disease was suppressed in the αβTCR Tg SNF1 mice with induction of highly potent regulatory T cells in the periphery. By contrast, in the MHC-matched, normal (SWR × B10. D2)F1 (SBF1), or in the normal SWR backgrounds, marked deletion of transgenic thymocytes occurred. Thymic lymphoid cells of the normal or lupus-prone mice were equally susceptible to deletion by anti-CD3 Ab or irradiation. However, in the steady state, spontaneous presentation of naturally processed peptides related to the nucleosomal autoepitope was markedly greater by thymic dendritic cells (DC) from normal mice than that from lupus mice. Unmanipulated thymic DC of SNF1 mice expressed lesser amounts of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules than their normal counterparts. These results indicate that apoptotic nucleosomal autoepitopes are naturally processed and presented to developing thymocytes, and a relative deficiency in the natural display of nucleosomal autoepitopes by thymic DC occurs in lupus-prone SNF1 mice.