cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The IIS–32: A Brief Inventory of Interpersonal Strengths

The Inventory of Interpersonal Strengths (IIS–64; Hatcher & Rogers, 2009) is a 64-item self-report measure based on the interpersonal circle (Pincus & Gurtman, 2006) with 8 subscales, or octants, that measure positive interpersonal characteristics covering the full range of the interpersonal circle. The IIS–64 is a valid and psychometrically robust measure of positive interpersonal features. However, because assessment time is precious in many contexts, briefer instruments might be of considerable value. We report the development of a brief version of the IIS–64 that retains the strong measurement characteristics of the original. Nonparametric item response theory methods were utilized in conjunction with factor-analytic item selection procedures in the original IIS–64 derivation sample of 1,377 to derive a 32-item version of the IIS that best represented a circumplex structure. Circumplex structure was confirmed in an additional college sample (N = 956) and in a clinical sample (N = 496). Convergence wit...
Interpreting paediatric ECGs

The interpretation of the paediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) is a mysterious process for many, but becomes clearer when we accept that children, especially newborns, are not simply miniature adults. However, as most of us first learnt ECG interpretation with adult patients, 1 this must be our starting point in coming to understand the paediatric ECG. Children are different from adults in several important aspects:
Separation of two proteins required for synthesis of spermidine from S-adenosyl-L-methionine and putrescine in rat prostate.

Abstract An enzyme catalyzing transfer of a propylamino group from exogenous decarboxylated S-adenosyl methionine to putrescine to form spermidine (spermidine synthase) has been separated from the putrescine-activated S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase in soluble extracts of rat ventral prostate. Neither enzyme alone catalyzes the formation of significant quantities of spermidine from S-adenosyl methionine and putrescine, a reaction which proceeds readily on addition of suitable proportions of the two separable enzymes. Aspects of the interaction of these two proteins in the biosynthesis of spermidine by rat prostate are discussed.
A special class of non-solvable groups

where [G:G0]=<2, T is nilpotent, and Go/T ~_LF(2, q), where i. q is a prime greater than 7 o] the ]orm 2 ~ • t, or ii. q = 9, or iii. q = 7, in which case [G:G0] = 2. REMARK. I t appears likely that the assumption regarding the structure of P is unnecessary, and that the conclusion of the theorem follows with no assumptions on P whatsoever. We first Prove three easy lemmas. LEMMA t . I] D is a dihedral group o] order 2 ~+1,
Sister chromatid exchange induction and persistence in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes of mice treated with ethylnitrosourea

The induction and persistence of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were studied in peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes of mice given a single i.p. injection of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) of 100, 350, or 600 muMoles ENU/kg. SCE frequencies were measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, and at seven additional times up to 172 days post-injection. SCEs were analyzed statistically by comparing the mean frequencies as well as the distribution of SCEs per cell at each time. The latter approach was based on a non-parametric method of identifying high frequency cells (HFCs). The SCE frequencies and proportion of HFCs in each dose and tissue remained elevated for up to 172 days following treatment, although the degree and statistical significance of the increase varied according to the tissue, dose, and statistical test employed. The SCE frequencies were found to oscillate during the first week. Following this, however, the return of the SCE frequencies to control levels was fit to a linear regression model with time as the only independent variable. The persistence of SCE-forming lesions was found to be dose-dependent for the spleen but not for blood. Within each dose the persistence of SCE-forming lesions was significantly greater for the blood relative to the spleen. The results emphasize that tissue, dose, and time since exposure are important factors to consider when quantifying SCEs in vivo; analysis of high frequency cells may be a more sensitive method of detecting exposure than the t-test; and a single determination of SCE frequencies may not be sufficient to quantitatively assess genotoxic damage in the first week following exposure.
Printable cross-linked polymer blend dielectrics. Design strategies, synthesis, microstructures, and electrical properties, with organic field-effect transistors as testbeds

We report here the synthesis and dielectric properties of optimized, cross-linked polymer blend (CPB) dielectrics for application in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Novel silane cross-linking reagents enable the synthesis of CPB films having excellent quality and tunable thickness (from 10 to ∼500 nm), fabricated both by spin-coating and gravure-printing. Silane reagents of the formula X3Si−R−SiX3 (R = −C6H12− and X = Cl, OAc, NMe2, OMe, or R = −C2H4−O−C2H4− and X = OAc) exhibit tunable reactivity with hydroxyl-containing substrates. Dielectric films fabricated by blending X3Si−R−SiX3 with poly(4-vinyl)phenol (PVP) require very low-curing temperatures (∼110 °C) and adhere tenaciously to a variety of FET gate contact materials such as n+−Si, ITO, and Al. The CPB dielectrics exhibit excellent insulating properties (leakage current densities of 10−7 ∼ 10−8 A cm−2 at 2.0 MV/cm) and tunable capacitance values (from 5 to ∼350 nF cm−2). CPB film quality is correlated with the PVP-cross-linking reagent ...
Protein and ligand adaptation in a retinoic acid binding protein

A retinoic acid binding protein isolated from the lumen of the rat epididymis (ERABP) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily. ERABP binds both the all-trans and 9-cis isomers of retinoic acid, as well as the synthetic retinoid (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8)-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2 napthalenyl-1 propenyl]-benzoic acid (TTNPB), a structural analog of all-trans retinoic acid. The structure of ERABP with a mixture of all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid has previously been reported. To elucidate any structural differences in the protein when bound to the all-trans and 9-cis isomers, the structures of all-trans retinoic acid-ERABP and 9-cis retinoic acid ERABP were determined. Our results indicate that the all-trans isomer of retinoic acid adopts an 8-cis structure in the binding cavity with no concomitant conformational change in the protein. The structure of TTNPB-ERABP is also reported herein. To accommodate this all-trans analog, which cannot readily adopt a cis-like structure, alternative positioning of critical binding site side chains is required. Consequently, both protein and ligand adaption are observed in the formation of the various holo-proteins.
Application of MODIS snow cover products: wildfire impacts on snow and melt in the Sierra Nevada

The current work evaluates the spatial and temporal variability in snow after a large forest fire in northern California using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow-covered area and grain size (MODSCAG). MODIS MOD10A1 fractional snow-covered area and MODSCAG fractional snow cover products are utilized to detect spatial and temporal changes in snowpack after the 2007 Moonlight Fire and an unburned basin, Grizzly Ridge, for water years (WY) 2002–2012. Estimates of canopy-adjusted and non-adjusted MODSCAG fractional snow-covered area (fSCA) are smoothed and interpolated to provide a continuous time series of average daily snow extent over the two basins. The removal of overstory canopy by wildfire exposes more snow cover; however, elemental pixel comparisons and statistical analysis show that the MOD10A1 product has a tendency to overestimate snow coverage pre-fire, muting the observed effects of wildfire. The MODSCAG algorithm better distinguishes subpixel snow coverage in forested areas and is highly correlated to soil burn severity after the fire. Annual MODSCAG fSCA estimates show statistically significant increased fSCA in the Moonlight Fire study area after the fire ( P < 0.01 for WY 2008–2011) compared to pre-fire averages and the control basin. After the fire, the number of days exceeding a pre-fire high snow-cover threshold increased by 81%. Canopy reduction increases exposed viewable snow area and the amount of solar radiation that reaches the snowpack, leading to earlier basin average melt-out dates compared to the nearby unburned basin. There is also a significant increase in MODSCAG fSCA post-fire regardless of slope or burn severity. Regional snow cover change has significant implications for both short- and long-term water supply for impacted ecosystems, downstream communities, and resource managers.
Chronic parasitization by Nosema microsporidia causes global expression changes in core nutritional, metabolic and behavioral pathways in honey bee workers ( Apis mellifera )

Chronic infections can profoundly affect the physiology, behavior, fitness and longevity of individuals, and may alter the organization and demography of social groups. Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae are two microsporidian parasites which chronically infect the digestive tract of honey bees (Apis mellifera). These parasites, in addition to other stressors, have been linked to increased mortality of individual workers and colony losses in this key pollinator species. Physiologically, Nosema infection damages midgut tissue, is energetically expensive and alters expression of immune genes in worker honey bees. Infection also accelerates worker transition from nursing to foraging behavior (termed behavioral maturation). Here, using microarrays, we characterized global gene expression patterns in adult worker honey bee midgut and fat body tissue in response to Nosema infection. Our results indicate that N. apis infection in young workers (1 and 2 days old) disrupts midgut development. At 2 and 7 days post-infection in the fat body tissue, N. apis drives metabolic changes consistent with energetic costs of infection. A final experiment characterizing gene expression in the fat bodies of 14 day old workers parasitized with N. apis and N. ceranae demonstrated that Nosema co-infection specifically alters conserved nutritional, metabolic and hormonal pathways, including the insulin signaling pathway, which is also linked to behavioral maturation in workers. Interestingly, in all experiments, Nosema infection did not appear to significantly regulate overall expression of canonical immune response genes, but infection did alter expression of acute immune response genes identified in a previous study. Comparative analyses suggest that changes in nutritional/metabolic processes precede changes in behavioral maturation and immune processes. These genome-wide studies of expression patterns can help us disentangle the direct and indirect effects of chronic infection, and understand the molecular pathways that regulate disease symptoms.
Huntington disease skeletal muscle is hyperexcitable owing to chloride and potassium channel dysfunction

Huntington disease is a progressive and fatal genetic disorder with debilitating motor and cognitive defects. Chorea, rigidity, dystonia, and muscle weakness are characteristic motor defects of the disease that are commonly attributed to central neurodegeneration. However, no previous study has examined the membrane properties that control contraction in Huntington disease muscle. We show primary defects in ex vivo adult skeletal muscle from the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease. Action potentials in diseased fibers are more easily triggered and prolonged than in fibers from WT littermates. Furthermore, some action potentials in the diseased fibers self-trigger. These defects occur because of decreases in the resting chloride and potassium conductances. Consistent with this, the expression of the muscle chloride channel, ClC-1, in Huntington disease muscle was compromised by improper splicing and a corresponding reduction in total Clcn1 (gene for ClC-1) mRNA. Additionally, the total Kcnj2 (gene for the Kir2.1 potassium channel) mRNA was reduced in disease muscle. The resulting muscle hyperexcitability causes involuntary and prolonged contractions that may contribute to the chorea, rigidity, and dystonia that characterize Huntington disease.
Disaster preparedness, pediatric considerations in primary blast injury, chemical, and biological terrorism

Both domestic and foreign terror incidents are an unfortunate outgrowth of our modern times from the Oklahoma City bombings, Sarin gas attacks in Japan, the Madrid train bombing, anthrax spores in the mail, to the World Trade Center on September 11(th), 2001. The modalities used to perpetrate these terrorist acts range from conventional weapons to high explosives, chemical weapons, and biological weapons all of which have been used in the recent past. While these weapons platforms can cause significant injury requiring critical care the mechanism of injury, pathophysiology and treatment of these injuries are unfamiliar to many critical care providers. Additionally the pediatric population is particularly vulnerable to these types of attacks. In the event of a mass casualty incident both adult and pediatric critical care practitioners will likely be called upon to care for children and adults alike. We will review the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of victims of blast injury, chemical weapons, and biological weapons. The focus will be on those injuries not commonly encountered in critical care practice, primary blast injuries, category A pathogens likely to be used in terrorist incidents, and chemical weapons including nerve agents, vesicants, pulmonary agents, cyanide, and riot control agents with special attention paid to pediatric specific considerations.
Pregnancy Complicated by Obesity: Midwifery Management

Obesity-related comorbidities such as gestational diabetes and hypertension have the potential to affect at least 25% of women in the United States. Midwives have been caring for and collaboratively managing these conditions in nonobese women for decades. Prenatal weight gain advice should be based on pregravid body mass index and aim for the lower end of the 1990 Institute of Medicine prenatal weight gain ranges. Obese women may require extra ultrasound and blood glucose testing during pregnancy. Pregnancy complicated by obesity may limit the place and style of birth. Midwives can integrate management techniques into the perinatal care of women whose body mass indices exceed 29 to reduce risk and future disease for mothers and newborns.
Decreased influenza-specific B cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor

As a group, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients exhibit increased risk of infection, and those treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy are at further risk. This increased susceptibility may result from a compromised humoral immune response. Therefore, we asked if short-term effector (d5-d10) and memory (1 month or later) B cell responses to antigen were compromised in RA patients treated with anti-TNF therapy. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from RA patients, including a subset treated with anti-TNF, and from healthy controls to examine influenza-specific responses following seasonal influenza vaccination. Serum antibody was measured by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The frequency of influenza vaccine-specific antibody secreting cells and memory B cells was measured by EliSpot. Plasmablast (CD19+IgD-CD27hiCD38hi) induction was measured by flow cytometry. Compared with healthy controls, RA patients treated with anti-TNF exhibited significantly decreased influenza-specific serum antibody and memory B cell responses throughout multiple years of the study. The short-term influenza-specific effector B cell response was also significantly decreased in RA patients treated with anti-TNF as compared with healthy controls, and correlated with decreased influenza-specific memory B cells and serum antibody present at one month following vaccination. RA patients treated with anti-TNF exhibit a compromised immune response to influenza vaccine, consisting of impaired effector and consequently memory B cell and antibody responses. The results suggest that the increased incidence and severity of infection observed in this patient population could be a consequence of diminished antigen-responsiveness. Therefore, this patient population would likely benefit from repeat vaccination and from vaccines with enhanced immunogenicity.
Optimum feature selection in software product lines: let your model and values guide your search

In Search-Based Software Engineering, well-known metaheuristic search algorithms are utilized to find solutions to common software engineering problems. The algorithms are usually taken "off the shelf" and applied with trust, i.e. software engineers are not concerned with the inner workings of algorithms, only with the results. While this may be sufficient is some domains, we argue against this approach, particularly where the complexity of the models and the variety of user preferences pose greater challenges to the metaheuristic search algorithms. We build on our previous investigation which uncovered the power of Indicator-Based Evolutionary Algorithm (IBEA) over traditionally-used algorithms (such as NSGA-II), and in this work we scrutinize the time behavior of user objectives subject to optimization. This analysis brings out the business perspective, previously veiled under Pareto-collective gauges such as Hypervolume and Spread. In addition, we show how slowing down the rates of crossover and mutation can help IBEA converge faster, as opposed to following the higher rates used in many other studies as "rules of thumb".
Mixing in turbulent jets: scalar measures and isosurface geometry

Experiments have been conducted to investigate mixing and the geometry of scalar isosurfaces in turbulent jets. Specifically, we have obtained high-resolution, high-signal-to-noise-ratio images of the jet-fluid concentration in the far field of round, liquid-phase, turbulent jets, in the Reynolds number range 4.5 × 10^3 ≤ Re ≤ 18 × 10^3, using laser-induced-fluorescence imaging techniques. Analysis of these data indicates that this Reynolds-number range spans a mixing transition in the far field of turbulent jets. This is manifested in the probability-density function of the scalar field, as well as in measures of the scalar isosurfaces. Classical as well as fractal measures of these isosurfaces have been computed, from small to large spatial scales, and are found to be functions of both scalar threshold and Reynolds number. The coverage of level sets of jet-fluid concentration in the two-dimensional images is found to possess a scale-dependent-fractal dimension that increases continuously with increasing scale, from near unity, at the smallest scales, to 2, at the largest scales. The geometry of the scalar isosurfaces is, therefore, more complex than power-law fractal, exhibiting an increasing complexity with increasing scale. This behaviour necessitates a scale-dependent generalization of power-law-fractal geometry. A connection between scale-dependent-fractal geometry and the distribution of scales is established and used to compute the distribution of spatial scales in the flow.
On the Efficacy of R-on-M Redundancy

A redundant configuration consisting of m identical elements and r universal spare elements is postulated. Each of the spares in this ``r-on-m'' configuration can substitute for any one of the m elements required for the system to be operational. The system reliability attainable with this configuration is examined as a function of r and m, simple bounds are derived, and a method is presented for determining the optimum values for r and m as a function of the relative complexity of the associated switch. It is shown that an r-on-m configuration can provide an extremely efficient means for obtaining significant improvement in reliability, and is often nearly as effective as a parallel configuration involving m times as many spares.
CHEMICAL PROFILE OF SELECTED SPECIES OF MICROALGAE WITH EMPHASIS ON LIPIDS1

The lipid profile of seven species of unicellular eukaryotic microalgae grown under controlled conditions was studied with emphasis on the hydrocarbons and the fatty acids as part of a search for oil-producing algae. Green, slow-growing colonies of Botryococcus braunii Kutz contained the highest lipid content of 45% based on the organic weight, with an increase to 55% under nitrogen deficiency and with no effect of sodium chloride stress. Ankistrodesmus sp. Thomas, Dunaliella spp., Isochrysis sp., Nannochloris sp. Thomas, and Nitzschia sp. Chapman contained an average of 25% lipids under nitrogen sufficient conditions. Nitrogen deficiency resulted in significant increase in the lipid content in all species but Dunaliella spp., which produced a higher content of carbohydrates. Significant low amounts of acyclic hydrocarbons were detected only in Botryococcus braunii Kutz and not in the other algae. The major hydrocarbon fractions in nitrogen deficient Botryococcus braunii Kutz, Dunaliella salina Thomas, Isochrysis spp. and Nannochloris sp. Thomas were cyclic and branched polyunsaturated components which were identified as various isoprenoid derivatives. The polar lipid composition of glycolipids and phospholipids of all species investigated was fairly typical of photosynthetic eukaryotic algae. Fatty acid composition was species specific, with changes occurring in the relative amounts of individual acids of cells cultivated under different conditions and growth phases. All species synthesized C14:0, C16.0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids; C 16:4 in Ankistrodesmus sp. Thomas; C18:4 and C 22.6 in Isochrysis sp.; C16:2, C16:3 and C20:5 in Nannochloris sp. Thomas; C16:2, C16:3 and C20:5 in Nitzschia sp. Chapman. Nitrogen deficiency and salt stress induced accumulation of C18:1 in all treated species and to a lesser extent in Botryococcus braunii Kutz. The low production of hydrocarbons under optimal growth conditions and the high production of hydrocarbons under limited growth conditions cannot support the notion that microalgae can be utilized as biosolar energy converters for the production of liquid fuel, but point to the availability of a variety of neutral and polar lipid products.
Reactivity of fluorine in fluorinated succinic esters

Abstract In basic medium, dimethyl and diethyl erythro - and threo -α-bromo-α′- fluorosuccinate eliminate hydrogen fluoride considerably faster than hydrogen bromide. The reaction rate depends slightly on the concentration of the ester, and strongly on the concentration of the base (acetate). Methyl esters react considerably faster than ethyl esters, threo isomers slightly faster than the erythro isomers. The negligible difference in the rates of elimination of hydrogen fluoride from the two diastereomeric esters constrasts sharply with the large difference in the rates of elimination of hydrogen bromide from the two corresponding dibromo esters, meso- and DL-α,α′-dibromosuccinates. The elimination of hydrogen fluoride from the bromofluoro esters is evidently influenced not only by steric factors but also by attraction between hydrogen and fluorine (possibly hydrogen bonding) which can account for the considerable proportion of cis elimination in the case of the erythro isomer.
Mode and Polarization Multiplexing in a Si Photonic Chip at 40Gb/s Aggregate Data Bandwidth

An on-chip error-free 40-Gb/s-aggregated-data-rate link is achieved by transmitting a single wavelength of dual polarization-multiplexed (pol-mux) data at 10 Gb/s through a two-mode mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) chip, with a power penalty of <5 dB/channel. This is the first system-level experimental demonstration of combining pol-mux with MDM to enhance the performance of an on-chip Si photonics network, illustrating the potential to reduce total system electrical power budget by enabling multiple data channels with a single laser.
The Changing Shape of the American Political Universe Revisited

Thirty years ago, Burnham (1965) published his seminal article asserting that the sharp decline in voter turnout around the turn of the century was associated with the emergence of capitalism and the adverse impact of industrialization on the party system. This research note examines the macroeconomic interpretation of declining turnout using aggregate time-series data for biennial House elections and presidential and midterm House elections between 1880 and 1960. Controlling for the effects of an expanding electorate in the form of immigration and women's suffrage, the surge associated with presidential elections, the impact of war, and the adoption of direct primaries and the secret ballot, the analysis reveals a strong negative relationship between turnout levels and banking, capital in manufacturing industries, and work stoppages and strikes. Between 1880 and 1920, these industrial conditions are predicted to be associated with one fourth of the shrinkage in the American voting universe. By the beginn...
Brightness function: effects of adaptation.

The method of magnitude estimation was used to investigate how the level of adaptation affects the power function relating brightness to luminance. With the left eye dark adapted and the right eye light adapted, a test field was presented briefly to one eye. The observers’ estimates generated a pair of brightness functions, one for each eye. The validity of these functions was checked by interocular brightness matching. The results are described by the equation ψ=k(L−L0)β, when ψ is brightness, L luminance, and L0 the absolute threshold. All the parameters—k, L0, and β—change systematically with light adaptation. The exponent β increases from 0.33 for the dark-adapted eye to 0.44 for the eye adapted to 1 lambert.
Flipping the controls classroom around a MOOC

Bridging the theory-practice gap in controls education is a well-known challenge. In this paper, we discuss how one can bridge this gap using a flipped classroom. Based on the recent MOOC (Massive Open Online Course), Control of Mobile Robots, we flipped the classroom in a senior robotics and controls class at the Georgia Institute of Technology. The students participated in the MOOC and came to class prepared to solve controls problems on robots. Key to this experience was not only the delivery of theoretical concepts via the MOOC, but also a hardware/software platform that provided a learning environment where exploratory, practical tinkering was grounded in solid theory. This paper reports on the findings of the flipped classroom experiment, as well as discusses why this classroom format is ideal for controls courses.
Professional identity: a grounded theory study of veteran academic librarians

Purpose – This qualitative study aims to analyse veteran academic librarians’ perceptions of librarianship to develop a grounded theory that models this group’s understandings of the profession. In addition, this study compares its findings to a previous grounded theory study that modelled novice academic librarians’ perceptions of the profession. Design/methodology/approach – Using the long interview technique, the analysts interviewed 15 veteran academic librarians, i.e. those with 10 or more years continuous experience as professional academic librarians, who work in Texas universities and four-year colleges. Qualitative analytical methods were used to develop a substantive grounded theory from the data. Findings – Two theoretical categories emerged that model academic librarian perceptions of the profession: orienting self (and others) to a shifting profession and driving change in the field. These categories depict academic librarianship as a profession focussed on change, and the theory valuates bot...
Random-field effects in critical phenomena. Exactly solvable model

Abstract The effect of quenched random fields on the critical behavior at phase transitions is studied within the framework of an exactly solvable model that takes into account interaction of fluctuations with equal and opposite momenta and belongs to the universality class of the spherical model. Using the replica method the dimensional reduction by 2 for systems with finite-range interaction is explicitly shown. For interaction of the infinite range the model demonstrates the mean field critical asymptotics independently of dimensionality or the presence of random fields.
Cubic Phase GaN on Nano-grooved Si (100) via Maskless Selective Area Epitaxy

A method of forming cubic phase (zinc blende) GaN (referred as c-GaN) on a CMOS-compatible on-axis Si (100) substrate is reported. Conventional GaN materials are hexagonal phase (wurtzite) (referred as h-GaN) and possess very high polarization fields (∼MV/cm) along the common growth direction of . Such large polarization fields lead to undesired shifts (e.g., wavelength and current) in the performance of photonic and vertical transport electronic devices. The cubic phase of GaN materials is polarization-free along the common growth direction of , however, this phase is thermodynamically unstable, requiring low-temperature deposition conditions and unconventional substrates (e.g., GaAs). Here, novel nano-groove patterning and maskless selective area epitaxy processes are employed to integrate thermodynamically stable, stress-free, and low-defectivity c-GaN on CMOS-compatible on-axis Si. These results suggest that epitaxial growth conditions and nano-groove pattern parameters are critical to obtain such high quality c-GaN. InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well structures grown on c-GaN/Si (100) show strong room temperature luminescence in the visible spectrum, promising visible emitter applications for this technology.
The Influence of Deep Mesoscale Eddies on Sea Surface Temperature in the North Atlantic Subtropical Convergence

Abstract Maps of sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic subtropical convergence during the 1973 MODE field experiment (and recent satellite imagery) show large meridional and zonal features on a scale of 40–400 km which are superimposed on the seasonal meridional temperature gradient. After comparing these maps with dynamic topography relative to 1500 db it is argued that these features are mainly due to advective distortion by surface currents associated with the deep baroclinic mesoscale eddy field. Wind-induced surface currents appear to have a lesser effect in generating such structure. Surface frontogenesis observed during MODE and by earlier workers in the area suggests that jet-like shallow surface density currents may be also significant in advecting and distorting the surface temperature field on scales of 10 km and less. Finally, rough calculations indicate that these advective processes of the sea surface may supply annually an amount of heat to the surface water mass of the northern Sar...
Expert systems and expert behavior

Iliad 4.0 and QMR 2.03 are computer-based diagnostic knowledge bases that can play many roles in decision support and other areas of medical practice, but neither appears ready to assume the role of an expert diagnostic consultant. In contrast to human experts, these programs have problems related to recognition of their own limitations, interpretation of continuous data, recognition of dependent findings, selection of tests, and description of the impact of certain tests. Suggestions to improve these aspects of knowledge bases are offered.
Restaurateurs' Attitude Toward Local Wines and Its Influence on Local Wine Purchases

Restaurants represent a significant sales potential tor the wine industry and wineries attempt to develop this market in various ways. The two industries can effectively complement each other through combining their efforts. Wine producers can benefit from direct selling to restaurants because the process of direct selling can help wineries, especially newly developing local wineries, promote their wines and establish brand recognition. This research explores restaurateurs' attitudes toward local wines based on the investigation of the wine product attributes and types of restaurants that offer better opportunities for local wines. Findings indicated that attitudes of restaurateurs have a significant impact on purchases of local wine. Independently owned restaurants were also found to provide better opportunities for local wineries.
Principles and mechanisms of ion induced electron emission

Abstract The mechanisms responsible for emission of electron from solids are described, separating them, when possible, into electron excitation, electron transport and cascade multiplication, and transmission through the surface barrier. Discussions include important energy quantities and quantum mechanical effects in the transport of slow electrons in the solid and through the surface barrier. Some new aspects not previously described are explored, such as how much information can be obtained by treating insulators as dense gases, electron loss from the projectile, differences between prompt and delayed excitation processes and final state effects in multiple electron emission.
Computer-based preference models for generic multidimensional problem sets

Alternative actions or objects can be characterized by differences among defining attributes or dimensions. Making choices among these alternatives is often a complex and difficult task, particularly when the number of alternatives or defining attributes is large or the time to decide is limited. This paper describes two programs that allow users to define a multidimensional problem domain and derive a multiplicative utility function that quantitatively describes their judgment policy within that domain. It also discusses potential applications for the derived preference models.
Silicon Infrared Charge Transfer Devices

Possible system applications of Infrared Charge Transfer Devices are reviewed. It is found that this device technology can have a very significant systems impact. Analyses are performed to calculate the quantum efficiency, quantum yield, frequency response, photoconductive gain, operating temperature, noise and the distinction between parallel and transverse bias configurations of silicon detectors. Tables of silicon detector properties are included. Approaches to the interface circuitry which couples the detectors and the CTD multiplexer are examined. Examples of existing low background and high background IRCTD detector arrays are given.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Responses to protein dilution in the adult female rat.

Abstract Adult female rats were given ad lib access to 3 food cups containing casein, cornstarch, and a fat mixture, or a composite diet formulated from these nutrients. One-half of the animals in each diet condition were subjected to 25, 50, 150, and 500% sequential dilutions of the casein or the composite diet. Self-selecting rats decreased intake of the diluted casein, but increased consumption of cornstarch, so that total caloric intake remained constant. Composite-fed rats compensated for dilution by increasing the volume of diet consumed, but caloric regulation was less precise than in self-selectors.
Beyond Global Measures of Relative Importance: Some Insights from Dominance Analysis

The five articles in this special issue of Organizational Research Methods focus on various measures of global importance that rank and scale all p predictors in a multiple regression equation and compare their relative merits using a variety of real and simulated data sets. In this commentary, the authors describe several special features of dominance analysis that allow researchers to study more specific and narrowly focused aspects of relative importance. These analyses offer new insights into the pattern of importance that are not provided by any of the global measures of importance.
Intensity, Dissonance, and Preference for Pure Tones

An experiment on preference for pure tone pairs varying in intensity and dissonance was conducted in order to test predictions derived from Berlyne's theory of aesthetic preference. According to the theory, preference is an inverted-U function of arousal potential; the determinants of arousal potential are summed, so that an increase in the amount of one determinant leads to a decrease in the maximally preferred level of other determinants; and collative properties, such as dissonance, are the most important predictors of preference. The experiment supported none of these predictions. Preference was related to intensity and dissonance by monotonic or U-shaped functions. The trade-off between intensity and dissonance was not present. Intensity rather than dissonance was the most important determinant of preference. As compared with intensity, the effect of dissonance on preference was negligible. The results are explained in terms of a connectionist theory of aesthetic preference.
Distinguishing among dark matter annihilation channels with neutrino telescopes

We investigate the prospects for distinguishing dark matter annihilation channels using the neutrino flux from gravitationally captured dark matter particles annihilating inside the sun. We show that, even with experimental error in energy reconstruction taken into account, the spectrum of contained muon tracks may be used to discriminate neutrino final states from the gauge boson/charged lepton final states and to determine their corresponding branching ratios. We also discuss the effect of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ regeneration inside the sun as a novel method to distinguish the flavor of final state neutrinos. This effect as evidenced in the muon spectrum becomes important for dark matter masses above 300 GeV. Distinguishing primary neutrinos and their flavor may be achieved using multiyear data from a detector with the same capability and effective volume as the IceCube/DeepCore array.
Evaluation of educational media: Some issues

Given the enormous educational problems that the governments of Unesco's Member States have to solve, the millions of illiterates they have to teach to read and write, and the urgency of finding solutions to these problems, I would recommend those responsible for education at the highest level to study the following pages in order to become acquainted with the experience gained in including the new techniques in plans for development of education. True, the new media will not bring about a miracle in educa tional systems, but if used efficiently, they are certain to help education "go further, do more and do it better". More important still, the new techniques may weld education and society together more closely.
Precision optical-frequency-difference measurements

We demonstrate a new form of interferometry which is independent of Maxwell's equations and measures optical frequency differences rather than wavelength ratios. Stable laser and electro-optic FM sideband techniques make a direct measurement of the mode spacing of a high finesse cavity with subhertz precision (0.4 Hz rms) over a 50-THz region. Experiments indicate errors below ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}10}$ over a 50-THz bandwidth and that improvements of several orders of magnitude are possible. New variables for interferometry simplify the use of multilayer dielectric mirrors and are directly measurable in situ. .AE
Flexibility and the demand for risky assets

Abstract The fact that reduced flexibility always increases the demand for insurance has led to the belief that reduced flexibility always makes individuals more ‘risk averse’. However, it is quite possible for reduced flexibility to lead to less risk averse behavior in the standard asset demand sense.
A teaching intervention to improve breastfeeding success

Abstract We compared the effectiveness of three teaching intervention strategies designed to improve the chance for breastfeeding success. In a large public maternity hospital, we randomly assigned sixty postpartum mothers to one of three groups. We gave Group A an attractive referral card announcing call-in breastfeeding consultation. In addition to the referral card, Group B received a manual, clearly written in Spanish and English, on how to solve common breastfeeding problems. We gave Group C the card, the manual, and a bedside teaching session during which the infant was put to breast. Thirty days after these interventions the proportion of mothers who were still breastfeeding was significantly greater in Group C. These findings suggest that the bedside teaching intervention was effective in improving breastfeeding success in an inner-city poverty population.
Thermal decomposition of 2-bromopropene, and 2-chloropropene

2-Chloropropene and 2-bromopropene have been decomposed in single pulse shock tube experiments. The only products under all conditions are propyne and allene. The high pressure rate expressions are k(2-BrC3H5 ⇒ propyne/allene + HBr) = 1014.9exp(−32 830/RT) s−1k(2-ClC3H5 ⇒ propyne/allene + HCl) = 1014.8exp(−34 200/RT) s−1 in the temperature range 1100 to 1250 K and pressures of 150 to 800 kPa. The propyne to allene ratios are 1.8 and 1.6 for the brominated and chlorinated compounds respectively with minimal temperature dependence. Results are compared with those for the alkyl compounds and ab-initio calculations on 2-chloropropene. Differences in energy transfer efficiencies for 2-chloropropene and 4-methylcyclohexene decompositions are explored.
Developing Creativity and Related Attitudes

Sixteen fifth-grade teachers and 377 pupils served as Ss in experimental classes. The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking were used as pretests and posttests and the Childhood Attitude Inventory for Problem Solving was given as a posttest. Eight of the experimental classes used the Purdue Creative Thinking Program (PCTP) for five weeks and eight used the Productive Thinking Program (PTP). Eight teachers used relevant discussion, eight did not; eight teachers were high and eight low in creative ability. Pupils in all conditions made significant gains on verbal and nonverbal originality and nonverbal fluency. Teachers who were low in creative ability had lower means. There were several significant interactions among the three independent variables.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Nonlinear Water Pollution Control Model Using an Upper Hudson River Data Base

The sensitivity of the optimal waste treatment cost of a water pollution control model is analyzed. This analysis is conducted for the policy mandating a fixed dissolved oxygen requirement, using an upper Hudson River data base Details concerning the formulation, solution, and sensitivity analysis of the model are presented. It is shown that the maximum allowable dissolved oxygen deficit is unequivocally the parameter to which the optimal waste treatment cost is most sensitive. All of the many parameters involved in the model are analyzed and, relative to stipulated assumptions, are shown to have from significant to negligible impact on the waste treatment cost.
Measurement of the ratio of the cesium D -line transition strengths

High-precision laser absorption spectroscopy in a thermal vapor cell is used in the measurement of the ratio of the $D$-line transition strengths in the cesium atom. We find $\mathbf{|}〈{6p}^{2}{P}_{3/2}||\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r}||{6s}^{2}{S}_{1/2}〉{\mathbf{|}}^{2}/\mathbf{|}〈{6p}^{2}{P}_{1/2}||\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r}||{6s}^{2}{S}_{1/2}〉{\mathbf{|}}^{2}=1.9809(9),$ which compares favorably with the ratio calculated from the most precise lifetime measurements of these states and the predictions of ab initio calculation. We also verify the predictions of impact-regime line-broadening calculations for densities of order ${10}^{18}$ atoms per ${\mathrm{m}}^{3}.$ Theoretical implications and future experimental promise are discussed.
An Ecosystems-Based Model for Faith-Inspired Parenting

Social workers have a professional interest in ensuring the overall well-being of children and families. It is critically important that attention be given to the role of parents in general, especially to those parents who self-identify as religious or spiritual. This article utilizes the ecosystems framework to explore faith-inspired parenting. The guiding premise is that faith traditions provide the inspiration to achieve parenting success and the proposed faith-inspired parenting model presents a starting point for social work practice with this population. The model is characterized by an authoritative parenting style and the use of induction and love-orientation. The model allows for bidirectional communication and ensures that feedback is occurring and that it is beneficial to both parent and child. Limitations of the model and directions for future research are presented.
Aging, Training, and the Brain: A Review and Future Directions

As the population ages, the need for effective methods to maintain or even improve older adults' cognitive performance becomes increasingly pressing. Here we provide a brief review of the major intervention approaches that have been the focus of past research with healthy older adults (strategy training, multi-modal interventions, cardiovascular exercise, and process-based training), and new approaches that incorporate neuroimaging. As outcome measures, neuro- imaging data on intervention-related changes in volume, structural integrity; and functional activation can provide important insights into the nature and duration of an intervention's effects. Perhaps even more intriguingly, several recent studies have used neuroimaging data as a guide to identify core cognitive processes that can be trained in one task with effective transfer to other tasks that share the same underlying processes. Although many open questions remain, this research has greatly increased our understanding of how to promote successful aging of cognition and the brain.
SAMHD1 Restricts Herpes Simplex Virus 1 in Macrophages by Limiting DNA Replication

Macrophages play important roles in host immune defense against virus infection. During infection by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), macrophages acquire enhanced antiviral potential. Restriction of HSV-1 replication and progeny production is important to prevent viral spread, but the cellular mechanisms that inhibit the DNA virus in macrophages are unknown. SAMHD1 was recently identified as a retrovirus restriction factor highly expressed in macrophages. The SAMHD1 protein is expressed in both undifferentiated monocytes and differentiated macrophages, but retroviral restriction is limited to differentiated cells by modulation of SAMHD1 phosphorylation. It is proposed to block reverse transcription of retroviral RNA into DNA by depleting cellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs). Viruses with DNA genomes do not employ reverse transcription during infection, but replication of their viral genomes is also dependent on intracellular dNTP concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that SAMHD1 restricts replication of the HSV-1 DNA genome in differentiated macrophage cell lines. Depleting SAMHD1 in THP-1 cells enhanced HSV-1 replication, while ectopic overexpression of SAMHD1 in U937 cells repressed HSV-1 replication. SAMHD1 did not impact viral gene expression from incoming HSV-1 viral genomes. HSV-1 restriction involved the dNTP triphosphohydrolase activity of SAMHD1 and was partially overcome by addition of exogenous deoxynucleosides. Unlike retroviruses, restriction of HSV-1 was not affected by SAMHD1 phosphorylation status. Our results suggest that SAMHD1 functions broadly to inhibit replication of DNA viruses in nondividing macrophages.