cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A functional interaction between dorsal and components of the Smt3 conjugation machinery.

To identify proteins that regulate the function of Dorsal, a Drosophila Rel family transcription factor, we employed a yeast two-hybrid screen to search for genes encoding Dorsal-interacting proteins. Six genes were identified, including two that encode previously known Dorsal-interacting proteins (Twist and Cactus), three that encode novel proteins, and one that encodesDrosophila Ubc9 (DmUbc9), a protein thought to conjugate the ubiquitin-like polypeptide Smt3 to protein substrates. We have found that DmUbc9 binds and conjugates Drosophila Smt3 (DmSmt3) to Dorsal. In cultured cells, DmUbc9 was found to relieve inhibition of Dorsal nuclear uptake by Cactus, allowing Dorsal to enter the nucleus and activate transcription. The effect of DmUbc9 on Dorsal activity was potentiated by the overexpression of DmSmt3. We have also identified a DmSmt3-activating enzyme, DmSAE1/DmSAE2 and found that it further potentiates Dorsal-mediated activation.
Thermometric titration of some amines in water—acetone mixtures

Abstract The enthalpies of protonation of some N-bases in H 2 O—acetone, 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 0.95 mole fraction at 298 K have been determined by calorimetry. Solutions of amines in each solvent system were titrated enthalpimetrically with HClO 4 solution. The bases studied were piperidine, n -butylamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, (AMP), tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, tris, 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl-2,2′,2″-nitrilotriethanol, (bis-tris) and pyridine. The results are discussed in terms of the preferential solvation of ions by two types of solvent molecules. The enthalpy of protonation of all the bases passes through a minimum at a solvent composition of 0.75 mole fraction of acetone.
Surface morphology of Ge(111) during etching by keV ions

The surface morphology of Ge(111) during 5-keV Xe ion etching is characterized by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and ex situ atomic force microscopy. Surface patterns of pits form at 250 and $275\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$ due to asymmetric kinetics for the attachment of surface vacancies at step edges. The roughening and coarsening of Ge(111) surfaces etched at these temperatures agrees well with the Politi and Villain model of surface roughening; the roughening rate due to this mechanism is a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}300$ larger than roughening calculated for curvature dependence of the sputtering yield. At $300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C},$ a subtle pattern of ripples or step bunches appear at high ion fluence when the projected ion beam direction is aligned along the direction of the surface steps. At room temperature, pattern formation is not observed for ion fluences $l460\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{15}{\mathrm{ions}\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2};$ for amorphous surface layers, smoothing by ion-induced viscous flow is a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}300$ stronger than smoothing by fourth-order terms in the expansion of the sputtering yield.
Helping faculty help themselves: a collaborative approach to peer mentoring

This paper examines some of the issues for creating a self-sustaining model for encouraging and promoting the use of technology in the classroom in a Liberal Arts environment. Technologists, Librarians and other existing academic support organizations must collaborate to foster an environment that encourages peer-mentoring amongst faculty. Generating enthusiasm for technology in the classroom cannot be done with static one-way communication.
Optimizing the wald-wolfowitz runs statistic using a linkage tolerance: guidelines based on computer simulation

When performing the Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, observations from two samples are combined and ordered, and the test statistic is the number of sequences of observations from the same sample. This test statistic is equivalent to the number of links between observations from different samples, if we consider each observation to be linked to the next higher and next lower observations. While it is known that the Wald-Wolfowitz runs test is not very powerful, what would be the effect on the power of the Wald-Wolfowitz runs test if all observations within a specified Euclidean distance or “tolerance” were linked instead? This question is motivated by the simulation results of Whaley and Quade (1985), who found that for normal data, the power of the multi-dimensional runs test using a linkage tolerance compared favorably to Hotelling's T2 in some instances. The results of a similar simulation procedure show that the power of the Wald-Wolfowitz runs test does indeed improve when observations are linked using a to...
Grain refinement through thermal cycling in an Fe-Ni-Ti cryogenic alloy

A thermal cycling technique which allows the grain refinement of Fe-12 Ni-0.25 Ti alloy from 40∼60 µm (ASTM #5∼6) to 0.5 ∼ 2 µm (ASTM #1∼18) in four cycles has been developed. The process consists of alternate annealing in γ range and (α + γ) range with intermediate air cooling. The transformation behavior, the change of microstructures and cryogenic mechanical properties on each cycling step are described. Due to the ultrafine grain size, the ductile-brittle transition temperature of this ferritic alloy in Charpy impact testing was suppressed below 6 K. In fracture toughness testing at 77 K, the mode of fracture was altered from brittle quasi-cleavage to complete ductile rupture through the grain refining.
Effects of acrolein on macrophage functions in rats

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0.1, 1.0 or 3.0 ppm acrolein or filtered air 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. Rats were tested one day following the last exposure and exhibited no change in pulmonary clearance of inhaled 35S-labeled Klebsiella pneumoniae at any acrolein concentration. Decreased numbers of peritoneal cells were obtained from exposed rats while the number of cells lavaged from the lungs was unchanged. Macrophages of acrolein-exposed rats had altered phagocytic and enzymatic patterns as compared to macrophages from animals breathing filtered air. However, these changes had no apparent effect on macrophage killing of inhaled bacteria and were therefore probably not indicative of extreme chemical toxicity.
Texas Scottish Rite Hospital rod instrumentation for thoracic and lumbar spine trauma

✓ The authors present their experience with 28 patients who had incurred unstable thoracic or lumbar spine fractures and who were intraoperatively stabilized with the Texas Scottish Rite Hospital (TSRH) universal instrumentation system. These patients were treated over a 1-year period and reflect an evolving insight into the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine trauma with universal instrumentation. The TSRH instrumentation system appears equivalent to the more established Cotrel-Dubousset system in most respects. The construct design of the TSRH system facilitates the safe application of a rigid spinal implant. No cases of instability or pseudoarthrosis were observed during an average follow-up period of 9 months, (minimum 3 months). As the surgical treatment plan evolved, shorter and more compact constructs were increasingly utilized. There were no cases of instrumentation failure, regardless of the number of spinal levels fused or the number of levels instrumented. The value of using short rods when ...
An In-Depth Cross-Layer Experimental Study of Transport Protocols over Circuits

Recently, both research-and-education networks (RENs) and commercial networks have added a dynamic circuit service. With this service, users can request and obtain dedicated bandwidth for short durations (on the order of minutes to hours). Host-to-host (cluster-to-cluster) circuits are used for large file transfers. The network nodes used for this circuit service are not pure TDM or WDM circuit switches; instead they are hybrid nodes that include Ethernet interfaces that allow for the connection of host Ethernet NICs. While as with ordinary circuit switches, cross-connections have to be provisioned prior to data transfer, the technology allows for the creation of mismatched rate circuits, in which the wide-area portion of the circuit can be matched to the (typically lower) disk-access rates, while the access links from hosts to these switches are Gb/s Ethernet. In this work, an in-depth experimental investigation is performed to gain insights into the complex interactions between the TCP layer, ON/OFF flow control at the Ethernet layer, and switch buffer sizes (the Ethernet line cards have buffers). Using a novel tool and transport protocol designed for circuits, these interactions are characterized. An interesting new dynamic was found between flow control at the data-link layer and congestion control at the transport layer. With this in-depth characterization, it is clear that automated mechanisms are necessary to not only configure end-host TCP send and receive buffer sizes as is required for high throughput across IP-routed networks, but for circuit networks, additionally, Ethernet-layer output queue (called qdisc in Linux) size needs to be set, along with flow-control related parameters within switches.
Color characteristics of irradiated vacuum-packaged pork, beef, and turkey.

Changes in color of irradiated meat were observed to be species-dependent. Irradiated pork and turkey became redder due to irradiation but irradiated beef a * values decreased and yellowness increased with dose and storage time. The extent of color change was irradiation dose-dependent and was not related to myoglobin concentration. Visual evaluation indicated pork and turkey increased in redness whereas beef decreased in redness as dose levels increased. Reflectance spectra showed that irradiation induced an oxymyoglobin-like pigment in pork and that both oxymyoglobin and metmyoglobin developed in beef as a result of irradiation.
MALDI of synthetic polymers—an update

Abstract Recent advances in MALDI of synthetic polymers is reviewed. The review will be limited in scope and not comprehensive, but will focus on areas where there has been significant progress and/or where some opportunities lie. Ion formation mechanisms for polymers still remain somewhat elusive. Advances in studies of protonation mechanisms need to be extended to synthetic polymers to answer the question why the latter seem to largely prefer cationization over proton addition. There has been significant progress in the MS/MS of synthetic polymers, mostly by collision-induced dissociation and post-source decay. New and interesting results have been reported, but this area requires further investigation. The combination of MALDI with separation methods for synthetic polymers shows considerable potential and various applications are appearing. Of particular interest is coupling to size-exclusion chromatography and how to perform measurements on-line and in real time. Determination of polymer structure is possible including end-group analysis, derivatization, and analysis for embedded chain segments. Finally, novel solid-state supports have been reported, offering great potential for MALDI generally and polymer MALDI specifically.
Turing the tables: introducing software engineering concepts in a user interface design course

The most recent report of the Computing Curricula 2001 (CC2001) suggests that updated curricula must reflect the broadening nature of our discipline. Two areas that are included in the strawman draft of CC2001 are software engineering (SE) and human-computer interaction (HC). While the first inclination might be to incorporate these minimal HC concepts in a traditional SE course, we propose a different approach. This paper outlines a project oriented HC course in which we are able to emphasize SE in the context of HC concepts. We include an overview of course content that illustrates our approach.
Subellipticity on Pseudo-Convex Domains with Isolated Degeneracies

Abstract Previous work has lead the author to conjecture necessary and sufficient conditions for the subellipticity of the [unk]-Neumann problem on pseudoconvex domains. Here we outline a general method which reduces the problem of subellipticity to inequalities between germs of C∞ functions. We then describe how this method can be applied to prove the sufficiency of the conditions on domains whose boundaries have an isolated set of points on which the Levi form degenerates and such that in a neighborhood of these points the boundary is real analytic.
Horizontal movement of ocean sunfish, Mola mola, in the northwest Atlantic

Data were retrieved from 25 ocean sunfish (Mola mola) that were tagged with pop-up satellite archival tags in the southern Gulf of Maine (n = 6), off Nantucket Island (n = 17), and off the coast of Georgia (n = 2) between September 2005 and March 2008. Tags remained attached from 7 to 242 days, with a mean attachment period of (X ± SD) 107.2 ± 80.6 days. Ocean sunfish tagged in the Gulf of Maine and southern New England left those areas in the late summer and early autumn and moved south along the continental shelf break. Fish traveled as far south as the Bahamas and the Gulf of Mexico. By moving south, sunfish experienced similar mean sea surface temperatures throughout the tagging period. The maximum straight-line distance traveled by a tagged Mola mola was 2,520 km in 130 days. Two tagged ocean sunfish entered the Gulf of Mexico, one in the December and one in July. Movements were associated with frontal features created by the Gulf Stream and fish moved farther offshore in 2007 when the Gulf Stream was deflected from the shelf break.
Development of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers

Wholly aromatic, thermotropic liquid crystalline (LC) terpolyesters made from 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HNA) and 4,4′-biphenol (BP) as key components have been prepared and evaluated for utility as high performance fiber precursors. The processability and fiber properties of a specific composition (1) made from both HNA and BP were compared with those of a more well-known LC terpolyester made from p-hydroxybenzoic acid, tere- and isophthalic acids and BP (Ekonol® type). The advantages of polymer 1 and its high-modulus fiber are described.
Effect of partial wave interference on angular distributions and sideways scattering in rearrangement collisions

Abstract The effect of partial wave interference on angular distributions is examined. We find that monotonic changes either in backward or sideways scattering are not entirely due to contribution of small orbital angular momenta. The occurrence of the sideways reactive scattering of F + H 2 at higher incident energies is consistent with observation.
900. Specific AAV Serotypes Stably Transduce Hippocampal and Cortical Cultures with High Efficiency and Low Toxicity

Cultures of dissociated neurons and astrocytes are frequently used by neurobiologists to study neuronal physiology and pathophysiology. However, current methods for gene delivery into neurons in vitro are limited by very low efficiency, short-term gene expression, toxicity and/or the requirement to transfect on the day of plating. We hypothesized that adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors might represent an efficient and less toxic method for neuronal transduction. We tested AAV transduction of primary cultures of 150,000 E18 rat cortical or hippocampal neurons and astrocytes using six serotypes (AAV1, 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9), each containing the same AAV-2-based genome encoding CMV-GFP.
Supporting Hope and Prognostic Information: Nurses' Perspectives on Their Role When Patients Have Life-Limiting Prognoses

Abstract Context Clinicians often feel challenged by the need to deliver difficult prognostic information to patients with a life-limiting illness while, at the same time, support their hopes. Few studies have examined nurses' perspectives on their roles in meeting these patient and family needs. Objectives Our objectives were to 1) describe nurses' perspectives on meeting patients' needs for hope and illness information and 2) offer insights for interventions designed to improve communication about end-of-life care for patients and their families. Methods Using experienced interviewers, we conducted one-on-one, semistructured interviews with 22 nurses caring for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cancer. Interviews were analyzed using a limited application of grounded theory. Results Three themes emerged: 1) Nurses support patients' hopes by understanding individual aspects of these hopes, focusing on patient's quality of life, and building trust with patients; 2) Nurses provide prognostic information by assessing what the patient knows and following their lead. Nurses report doing these two activities independently; and 3) Nurses identify activities associated with the provision of prognostic information that required collaboration with physicians. Important barriers that complicate effective discussion of prognosis with patients and families were identified. Conclusions Nurses describe behaviors that are useful when meeting patients' and families' needs for hope and which they are comfortable implementing in practice, without collaboration with other clinicians. By contrast, most behaviors related to meeting patients' and families' needs regarding prognostic information are completed collaboratively with physicians. These findings provide insight for the development of interdisciplinary interventions targeting communication around end-of-life care.
The Last Temptation of the Philosopher-Rulers

In Plato's Republic there are two stages in the philosophers' "return to the cave": an initial failure to rule and a subsequent lament at having to rule. The failure can be seen elsewhere in the work and so needs to be taken seriously. As an explanation for the failure to rule, I propose that, due to their love of the forms, the philosophers forget that they are interdependent members of the city. Finally, I argue that there are no "founders", external to the city, who persuade them, but rather that the philosophers decide for themselves, and that it is the other parts of the soul and the other classes of the city which drive the philosophers to the decision to return.
A strongly competitive randomized paging algorithm

Thepaging problem is that of deciding which pages to keep in a memory ofk pages in order to minimize the number of page faults. We develop thepartitioning algorithm, a randomized on-line algorithm for the paging problem. We prove that its expected cost on any sequence of requests is within a factor ofH k of optimum. (H k is thekth harmonic number, which is about ln(k).) No on-line algorithm can perform better by this measure. Our result improves by a factor of two the best previous algorithm.
Long-Term Orientation in Publicly Traded Family Businesses: Evidence of a Dominant Logic

Drawing from the behavioral theory of the firm, we examine the role of a long-term orientation in decision making at publicly traded, family-influenced firms (FIFs). We advance a view of the family as part of a firm's dominant coalition and the resulting effects of a family-influenced coalition on the FIF's decision making. Using a sample of publicly traded firms, our findings indicate that FIFs' decision making reflects a focus on a long-term orientation, manifested in the greater accumulation of slack resources, less strategic risk taking, and lower bankruptcy risk than non-FIF firms.
Large, visually significant, and transient change in refractive error after uncomplicated strabismus surgery

S everal reports have documented small changes in refractive error after strabismus surgery. In the case reported here, a patient experienced more than 4 diopters’ increase in with-the-rule astigmatism after an uncomplicated single vertical rectus muscle recession. The astigmatic error persisted for 3 months before it resolved. Large changes in refractive error after strabismus surgery are uncommon but may occur.
Heterokaryon formation and genetic analyses of color mutants in Aspergillus heterothallicus.

Heterokaryon compatibility between strains of Aspergillus heterothallicus was tested by using prototrophic mutants of contrasting conidial head colors obtained by ultraviolet radiation. Heterokaryons were formed between mutants only when two conditions were fulfilled: The mutants had to be of the same mating type, and the isolates from which the mutants were derived had to be of similar macroscopic growth characteristics and mycelial pigmentation. Heterokaryotic heads were conspicuously striate, being composed of spore chains pigmented as the parental types, and representing, in most cases, examples of an "autonomous" nuclear action. Heterokaryotic heads of unusual interest, resulting from "autonomous-nonautonomous" type of gene actions, were produced in combinations of a pinkish tan (PT) mutant. The nuclear action of the PT mutant was nonautonomous regardless of the type of mutant with which it was paired, whereas the nuclear action of the other head-color mutants was autonomous. Genetic analyses of headcolor mutants were conducted by using all possible crosses between mutants derived from strains WB 4982 (A mating type) and WB 5086 (a mating type). It was found that similar color mutations of these two strains were allelic. All mutations responsible for different head colors, however, were found to be nonallelic to each other. The interactions between the different head-color mutants were studied in double mutants formed in the aforementioned crosses. Epistatic-hypostatic relationships between the different mutations were determined, and such relationships were used in the construction of a possible biosynthetic sequence leading to the production of the wildtype (green) pigment of conidial heads. The main sequential steps for the biosynthesis of conidial pigmentation appear to proceed from white to yellow, to brown, to brownish green, and to green. THE CAPACITY to form heterokaryons among eleven original isolates of Aspergillus heterothallicus K., F. and R. (described in Raper and Fennell, The Genus Aspergillus, 1965) was tested using
Thermodynamics of polymer/diluent systems for thermally induced phase separation : 1. determination of equation of state parameters

Abstract The parameters for Flory's equation of state adapted to polymer/oligomer systems were determined to estimate the thermodynamic properties of isotactic polypropylene/diluent systems undergoing thermally induced phase separation. Three kinds of diluents were covered: n-alkanes, n-fatty acids and n,n-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) tallowamine. Reduced volumes and temperatures were determined by measuring the volumetric properties, characteristic pressures were determined by measuring the vapour pressures, and exchange interaction parameters were determined by measuring the heat of mixing for analogous systems of small molecules. The exchange interactional parameters obtained from analogous systems were extrapolated to polymeric systems by using a series of analogous molecules for isotactic polypropylene. The equation of state parameters determined in this study were proved reliable for the thermodynamic analyses covered in other papers in this series.
Comments on fingerprints of two-dimensional edge models

Shah, Sood, and Jain (Comput. Vision Graphics Image Process34, 1986, 321–343) have recently published an interesting scale-space analysis of pulse and staircase edge models, both one- and two-dimensional. In this note we comment upon Shah, Sood, and Jain's analysis of the two-dimensional step edge, pulse edge, and staircase edge models. Their derivation of the scale-space images and fingerprints can be simplified by taking advantage of a key geometric feature of Gaussian filters, namely, rotational invariance. The fingerprints of these three models can easily and directly be geometrically deduced from the fingerprints of the one-dimensional models. The fingerprints should be viewed as cylinders over a base curve which is precisely the fingerprint of the corresponding one-dimensional edge model. In this way fingerprints of the two-dimensional models can be immediately visualized from their one-dimensional counterparts. We also demonstrate that the range of influence of one edge upon another edge located a distance daway begins at a scale of d/3.
Optimal B-tree packing

This note presents an algorithm for optimally packing a B-tree. The advantages of optimal packing are greater storage utilization and faster retrieval performance. The algorithm inserts data faster than the standard B-tree insertion algorithm and provides simplicity of implementation.
System for analyzing high-resolution three-dimensional coronary angiograms

Three-dimensional (3-D) high-resolution coronary angiograms offer a means for visualizing the entire coronary arterial tree from any orientation and for detecting and quantitating coronary arterial stenoses. Previously, a skilled operator had to perform several hours of tedious manual analysis using an interactive graphical user-interface (GUI) system (Tree Trace) to analyze a 3-D angiogram. The authors have devised an improved GUI system, consisting of three tools for analyzing 3-D angiograms. The Artery Extractor first performs automatic image-analysis operations to extract the central axes of the arterial tree. Next, using the Artery Display tool and results from the Artery Extractor, the operator can visualize structures in the angiogram and compute various measurements. Finally, the aforementioned Tree Trace tool can be used to manually correct irregularities in the automatically generated results of the Artery Extractor. The system greatly reduces operator analysis time, gives exactly reproducible results, uses true 3-D image-processing operations, and provides a comprehensive interface for visualizing and quantifying features of the 3-D coronary arteries.
Recent advances in optically isotropic liquid crystals for emerging display applications

Polymer-stabilized optically isotropic liquid crystal exhibits a fairly large Kerr constant and has potential to become next-wave display technology. The underlying physical mechanism is the Kerr-effect-induced isotropic-to-anisotropic transition. Wavelength and temperature effect on the Kerr constant of optically isotropic liquid crystal composites are investigated. Our experimental results indicate that as the wavelength or temperature increases, K decreases. The proposed physical models fit very well with the experimental data.
Phase Locked Loop with filter banks for high data rate satellite link

Satellite communication systems operate in the presence of path loss and atmospherically induced fading, which results in waveform distortion, altering phase and bit time period. After penetrating through several atmospheric layers, the signal experiences Doppler shift which results in frequency change and phase reversal, thus to sync the receiver to the incoming signal we make use of the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) with a filter at its core functioning.
Resolved: In Minimizing Kidney Transplant Immunosuppression, Steroids Should Go before Calcineurin Inhibitors: Pro

Without direct comparison or randomized controlled trials, two experts square off on the difficult choice of trying to reduce the usage of one of two drugs with well-known side effects after kidney transplantation.
Acquired Resistance Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis Is Ethylene Independent.

To clarify the role of ethylene in systemic acquired resistance (SAR), we conducted experiments using Arabidopsis ethylene response mutants. Plants that are nonresponsive to ethylene (i.e., [theta]tr1 and [theta]in2) showed normal sensitivity to the SAR-inducing chemicals salicylic acid (SA) and 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid with respect to SAR gene induction and pathogen resistance. This indicated that chemically induced SAR is not an ethylene-dependent process in Arabidopsis. Ethephon, an ethylene-releasing chemical, induced SAR gene expression in both the wild type and ethylene mutants, whereas ethylene alone did not, suggesting that induction of these genes by ethephon is not due to the action of ethylene. Furthermore, transgenic plants expressing salicylate hydroxylase, a bacterial enzyme that degrades SA to catechol, did not accumulate SAR mRNAs in response to ethephon. Thus, SAR gene induction by ethephon appears to be mediated through SA. Other experiments suggested that ethylene may play a role in SAR by enhancing tissue sensitivity to the action of SA.
Secretaries, depression and absenteeism.

This study examines the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder; missed work; and mental health services use among secretaries and other women employed full-time. In a random sample of 3,484 women employed full-time, women employed as secretaries were significantly more likely to be depressed than other women even after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics (odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 2.73). Secretaries were significantly more likely to report missing work in the last three months (odds ratio = 1.77, confidence interval = 1.01, 3.11); a finding not attributable to depression. Secretaries were also more likely to seek mental health services, but this finding was not significant (odds ratio = 1.78, confidence interval = 0.55, 5.78). It is possible that these findings are attributable to a selection effect whereby depressed women, and women who are likely to miss work, become secretaries. A second possibility is that women employed as secretaries have more "nonwork role st...
Power to the Principals! An Experimental Look at Shareholder Say-On-Pay Voting

With recent legislation mandating that publicly traded corporations submit their CEOs' compensation for a nonbinding shareholder vote, a systematic understanding of shareholder preferences has neve...
Sufism and Society: Arrangements of the Mystical in the Muslim World, 1200–1800

This rich edited volume on Sufism, with contributions from 12 young scholars, is expansive both temporally and geographically. It covers the relatively understudied years from 1200 to 1800, spannin...
Influence of Electrode Type and Location upon Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Measurements of Brook Trout

Abstract In recent years, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has started to develop into a low-cost tool that can provide accurate estimates of fish condition. Past researchers have had success predicting mass-based proximate condition components, but attempts to predict percent-based components have not been as successful, suggesting that methodological improvements are needed. The percent dry weight (%DW) of a fish is a desirable value because energy density and body composition estimates can be obtained from it using previously developed or easily developable equations. The primary objective of this study was to determine the locations at which electrodes should be placed to provide the best estimates of %DW for brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis ranging from 140 to 330 mm (total length). A second objective was to determine the effect that electrode type has on the ability to predict %DW. Models developed using two electrode locations performed better than those with only one location. One set of me...
High-resolution short-range wideband FMCW radar measurements based on MUSIC algorithm

This paper is focused on utilizing short-range wideband FMCW radar measurements to evaluate multilayered dielectric structures. The performance of the MUSIC algorithm in resolving closely-spaced spectral lines corresponding to adjacent boundaries within such structures is investigated experimentally.
153 Kinetic Evaluation of Scar after Full Thickness Incision Injury in the Rat

Previous studies have shown that angiotensin peptides, NorLeu3-A(1–7) in particular, accelerate dermal healing and reduce scar formation. In this report, the effect of this peptide on scar formation is more fully delineated. The effect of surgical day, time after injury and observer on the clinical appearance of the incision was determined. Clinical observations of incision site included inflammation, dehiscence of the injury and appearance of scar were conducted by two blinded observers (two observations per time point) twice weekly. The scores correlated between observers and for the same observer within an observation day. Dehiscence of the incision occurred in 35% to 40% of incisions early (days 4 and 7) after injury. Administration of NorLeu3-A(1–7) at the time of injury reduced the incidence of dehiscence at day 7 to approximately 20%. Further, the length of the wound opening was significantly reduced in the peptide-treated incisions at day 7. Starting on day 14 after injury, scar formation was evaluated. Up to 80–90% of control animals had observable scars starting on day 14. Thereafter, the scar remodeled with fewer incisions having visible scar on day 28. With administration of NorLeu3-A(1–7), significantly fewer incisions had observable scars starting on day 14 and throughout the study. As few as 20% of the incisions had observable scars on day 28. The histological appearance of the healing wound was also evaluated at weekly intervals starting on day 7 and continuing until day 42. At day 7, the maximal number of fibroblasts at the wound site was observed. Thereafter, the number gradually reduced, plateauing at day 28. The administration of peptide had no effect on fibroblast number at the incision site. A similar pattern was observed in the thickness of the epidermis with the resolution of te hyperplastic phase at day 21. Administration of the peptide significantly increased epidermal height at day 7. Blood vessel formation peaked on day 21 and 28 in control wounds and was further enhanced by peptide administration during the neovascularization phase. After day 28, blood vessel number was comparable between control and treated incisions. Collagen deposition and remodeling were are increased by the administration of NorLeu3-A(1–7) at the time of injury. This paper describes the kinetics of scar formation in the rat by clinical and histological observation and further described the beneficial effect of NorLeu3-A(1–7) on scar formation.
Recover certain low-frequency information for full waveform inversion

Summary In full waveform inversion, it is preferred to use the multiscale approach which starts iteration from low-frequency data to determine the large-scale heterogeneities first. This approach tends to provide better convergence when the initial model is drastically biased from the true velocity model. However, the combined passband of the source and geophone usually generates data lacks the low-frequency information preferred by the full waveform inversion. On the other hand, the travel time data are often used to generate low-resolution initial models. The low-frequency waveform and the travel-time information share some common properties. The successful use of travel time data implies that the seismic data are weakly dispersed at least at low frequencies. This property can be used to extrapolate the phase information in the data towards lower frequencies. Motivated by this idea, we propose a method to convert high-frequency waveforms into low-frequency waveforms based on a linear phase approximation at the low frequency end. The resulted low-frequency waveform can benefit the convergence in full waveform inversion. To validate the proposed method, we compare waveforms converted from high-frequency traces with those actually generated using low-frequency sources. We successfully tested the converted data set in waveform inversion. The inversion using the high-frequency converted lowfrequency seismic data converge better than those directly using the original high-frequency data.
Complex library mapping for embedded software using symbolic algebra

Embedded software designers often use libraries that have been pre-optimized for a given processor to achieve higher code quality. However, using such libraries in legacy code optimization is nontrivial and typically requires manual intervention. This paper presents a methodology that maps algorithmic constructs of the software specification to a library of complex software elements. This library-mapping step is automated by using symbolic algebra techniques. We illustrate the advantages of our methodology by optimizing an algorithmic level description of MPEG Layer III (MP3) audio decoder for the Badge4 [2] portable embedded system. During the optimization process we use commercially available libraries with complex elements ranging from simple mathematical functions such as exp to the IDCT routine. We implemented and measured the performance and energy consumption of the MP3 decoder software on Badge4 running embedded Linux operating system. The optimized MP3 audio decoder runs 300 times faster than the original code obtained from the standards body while consuming 400 times less energy. Since our optimized MP3 decoder runs 3.5 times faster than real-time, additional energy can be saved by using processor frequency and voltage scaling.
Studying digital library users in the wild: theories, methods, and analytical approaches

As digital libraries continue the transition from research to operational status, understanding how they impact on the educational and learning practices of their users becomes an increasingly important objective for both library developers and evaluators. This workshop will examine the theoretical and methodological issues involved in the qualitative, naturalistic, and/or longitudinal study of the users of digital libraries. It will focus on the methodologies that can be used to capture the behaviors of digital library users, and the theoretical frameworks that can be used to analyze these behaviors, including ethnography, ethnomethodology, grounded theory, discourse analysis, scenarios, in-depth interviews and focus groups.
An Examination Of The Reporting And Disclosure Of Early Debt Extinguishments

The accounting treatment of early extinguishments of debt has long been a source of problems for the accounting profession. Due to differences between book and market values of debt, early retirements of debt frequently lead to the following paradox: economically good decisions can be reported as accounting losses and, conversely, economically bad decisions can be reports as accounting gains. This study analyzed auditor attitudes toward possible disclosure modifications which could mitigate the negative influences arising from current accounting practice. The results reveal support for the inclusion of cash flow analyses to improve the resulting disclosure for these transactions.
Methods of the Current Study

My students and I began planning for the current study some years ago at the stage identified in Chapter 1 when there were virtually no published direct interview studies of children of depressed parents. Only a handful each of indirect studies of unipolar and bipolar families existed, and these were greatly limited in scope and conclusions. All of the existing research indicated a clear need for additional study because of the apparent high rate of risk to children for psychopathology.
Application of Mathematical Equations to Describing Fast Changes in the Assets Prices

Price dynamics of the asset depends on the collective action of buyers and sellers, including both institutional and private investors. A large number of diverse, sometimes contradictory, reasons can underlie the decisions of market participants. In certain periods, asset purchases can be a prevailing action, leading to a fast growth of the asset price. Thus, an accelerating price growth occurs.In natural sciences, any motion or process is determined by the appropriate law described in terms of mathematical equations. This statement raises the questions: whether the financial market is also determined by such laws that hold true throughout certain time periods and whether the mathematical equations can be derived to describe these laws.
Human Organ Transplantation: Economic and Legal Issues

Imagine that a member of your family faced sure death unless a body part could be found and quickly transplanted. Your doctor and the hospital have the know-how to perform the procedure but lack the human raw materials with which to do the job. To what lengths would you be able to go to obtain the body part? And, since the supply is usually smaller than the demand, who should decide who gets the human organ and on what basis? Should a free market be allowed? Or, should a government bureaucracy make the decision? Is this a matter requiring a national standard that justifies preemption by the federal government? Or, is it a matter of state’s rights that fits neatly under the Supreme Court’s recent Federalism cases? What about “equity” and ability to pay? Should body parts be provided regardless of wealth? This article examines those questions and concludes that the free market is the most just and beneficial system possible.
RSV-specific airway resident memory CD8+ T cells and differential disease severity after experimental human infection

In animal models, resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells assist in respiratory virus elimination but their importance in man has not been determined. Here, using experimental human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we investigate systemic and local virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in adult volunteers. Having defined the immunodominance hierarchy, we analyse phenotype and function longitudinally in blood and by serial bronchoscopy. Despite rapid clinical recovery, we note surprisingly extensive lower airway inflammation with persistent viral antigen and cellular infiltrates. Pulmonary virus-specific CD8+ T cells display a CD69+CD103+ Trm phenotype and accumulate to strikingly high frequencies into convalescence without continued proliferation. While these have a more highly differentiated phenotype, they express fewer cytotoxicity markers than in blood. Nevertheless, their abundance before infection correlates with reduced symptoms and viral load, implying that CD8+ Trm cells in the human lung can confer protection against severe respiratory viral disease when humoral immunity is overcome.
Simple Heat Transfer Experiment to Evaluate the Solid/Liquid Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage System

A detailed experimental freezing study, designed for undergraduate students, has been carried out to evaluate the heat transfer performance of a solid/liquid phase-change thermal energy storage system. The test vessel system, experimental procedure and results, and analytical solutions are discussed. The phase-change material (PCM) is contained in a vertically oriented test cylinder that is cooled at its outside boundary, resulting in radially inward freezing. Detailed quantitative time-dependent volumetric temperature distributions and freeze-front motion and shape data were experimentally obtained. To fully understand the behavior of the eicosane, four freezing tests were performed with different temperature set points as low as 10°C.In the analysis, results of a test in which molten eicosane, initially at 50°C, was solidified and brought to a final temperature of 10°C are presented. In the freezing case study, a mathematical model based on a one-dimensional analysis, which considered heat conduction as the only mode of heat transfer was developed. The phase-change medium, 99% pure eicosane (C20H42) was chosen as the PCM. Eicosane is desirable because its fusion temperature is just slightly higher than ambient temperature (36.5°C), which is convenient for phase-change experimentation. Low-temperature heating can be used to melt the PCM and ambient-temperature cooling can be used to re-freeze it.To evaluate the inward radius of fusion, several analytical and experimental approaches were considered. These approaches were (1) experimental method; (2) conduction model; (3) integral method; and (4) cumulative heat transfer method. Comparison of these methods reveals excellent agreement. In most cases, the heat transfer estimated from the freezing-front analysis was slightly higher than the heat transfer evaluated from the time-series data. The largest discrepancy occurs at fifty minutes into the experiment (10.7%).Copyright © 2015 by ASME
cGVHD B(r)egs to differ.

In this issue of Blood , Khoder et al show that human IgM memory B cells possess immunoregulatory properties including IL-10 production, analogous to transitional B cells, and that after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, IL-10–producing B cells are deficient in patients with chronic graft-
The Impact of the Catavi Mine Massacre of 1942 on Bolivian Politics and Public Opinion

On the windswept heights near the Bolivian mining camp of Catavi on December 21, 1942, in the center of a rocky lunar landscape which dwarfs man but enlarges his passions, a mass of Indian and mestizo tin miners and their families, some 8,000 strong, trudged stubbornly down a road toward an emplacement of 700 Bolivian Army troops and Carabineros watching them through the sights of machine guns, rifles and a trench mortar. Women and children marching in front, they came from the nearby mines of Llallagua and Siglo XX to support the striking Catavi workers. The newcomers were unarmed and carried a red banner in their front ranks.
Morphology of the Pleurosternal Region of the Pterothorax in Insects

In the pterothorax of primitive insects the sternum was exposed. The precoxal suture was complete throughout the entire pleural wall, including the episternum and epimeron, and divided it into the outer anapleural and inner katapleural rings. The anapleural region was composed of the anepisternum, preepisternum, ventropleurite, and anepimeron; the katapleural area was composed of the katepisternum, trochantin, and katepimeron. From this probable primitive condition of the pleural wall the pleurosternal region of insects has undergone various modes of modification by fusion and loss of plates, accompanied by increasing sclerotization.
PPA '06 Makes IRA Rollovers More Attractive: Maybe it's Time to Switch to a Self Direct IRA? Think Again!

Federal legislation passed in 2006 affords participants and beneficiaries of eligible retirement benefits new distribution options that can result in the reduction or deferral of federal income taxes. These new distribution options may have the domino effect of making rollovers to IRAs a more desirable funding vehicle. If this occurs, the continued interest in self-directed IRAs (i.e., where the IRA owner is not limited to the IRA trustee's or custodian's investment options, but instead can choose his investment options) will become increasingly marketed by custodians. Self-directed IRA owners appear to be particularly interested in real estate investments. In a two-part article, the first part explores the new benefit distribution options, whereas the second part discusses the practical and legal issues that IRA owners should consider before making self-directed investment decisions, especially with respect to real estate investments.
VA Cooperative Study on Alcoholic Hepatitis. IV. The significance of clinically mild alcoholic hepatitis--describing the population with minimal hyperbilirubinemia.

As part of a large multicenter Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of Alcoholic Hepatitis, 89 patients with clinically mild biopsy-proven disease were followed for at least 30 months. Although clinical and laboratory abnormalities were minimal, cirrhosis was present in 38%, and mortality was 22% at 30 months. Clinical features suggesting more advanced disease (i.e., ascites and encephalopathy) and laboratory parameters for the diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis were imprecise and frequently misleading. The histologic diagnosis of cirrhosis correlated best with changes in immunoglobulin A, prothrombin time, and SGOT/SGPT. However, by using logistic discriminant analysis on 26 commonly available laboratory tests to diagnose cirrhosis, only a 72% sensitivity and 88% specificity could be obtained. Mortality in the patients with cirrhosis (10/34) was significantly higher at 1 and 2 yr compared with patients without cirrhosis (10/55, p less than 0.01). The high mortality in noncirrhotics may have resulted from progression to cirrhosis subsequent to the initial evaluation. Thus, liver biopsy in this population with minimal disease seems necessary to establish both an accurate diagnosis and the reversibility of the disease.