cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orthotopic liver transplantation for Wilson's disease.

Abstract An 11-year-old boy with terminal hepatic failure due to Wilson's disease was treated 18 months ago with orthotopic liver transplantation. Postoperatively, there has been evidence of clearance of body copper stores but without accumulation of copper in biopsy specimens of the transplanted liver after 6 and 17 months. Further follow-up will be necessary before deciding whether the disorder has been cured by liver replacement and in turn whether this constitutes proof that Wilson's disease is an inborn error of hepatic metabolism. The observations so far are consistent with these conclusions.
Ataxic Hemiparesis From Strategic Frontal White Matter Infarction With Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis

Background— Ataxic hemiparesis is a classic lacunar syndrome that most often localizes to the pons. Results— We report 3 patients who presented with left-sided ataxic hemiparesis and were found on imaging to have small right frontal subcortical white matter infarcts in similar locations by diffusion-weighted MRI. [99mTc]hexamethylpropylenamine oxime single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans in all 3 patients showed decreased metabolism in the contralateral cerebellar hemisphere, indicative of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD). Conclusion— CCD is under-recognized in ataxic hemiparesis and may have implications for functional recovery after this type of ischemic stroke.
The fracture behavior of rubber-toughened, short-fiber composites of nylon 6,6

This study critiques the use of both rubber particles and short-glass fibers for the improvement of polymer fracture toughness (Kc). Although dry neat nylon is brittle with only a moderate Kc value (4.2 Mpa√m), additions of either second phase produce rising KR-curves and associated high Kc values (8.1 Mpa√m for rubber-toughened nylon, and 10.0Mpa√m for 17 vol% Glass-fiber neat nylon). In the rubber -modified resin, the high Kc value is associated with extensive plastic blunting at the crack tip. In the fiber-reinforced neat resin, Kc is improved due to a combination of fiber-bridging and increased strength, the latter being associated with additional load carrying capacity of the fibers. When both rubber and fibers are added, however, no further increase in Kc is noted (Kc = 9.3 Mpa√m for 17 vol% glass-fiber rubber-modified nylon). The extent of ductile blunting in the rubber + fiber resin is not as great as in the rubber-only resin. Furthermore, the fracure strength of the rubber + fiber resin is not as high as the fiber-only resin. The net result is a balance of properties for the rubber-toughened composite.
Cytocidal amino acid starvation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans acetolactate synthase (ilv2Δ) mutants is influenced by the carbon source and rapamycin.

The isoleucine and valine biosynthetic enzyme acetolactate synthase (Ilv2p) is an attractive antifungal drug target, since the isoleucine and valine biosynthetic pathway is not present in mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ilv2Δ mutants do not survive in vivo, Cryptococcus neoformans ilv2 mutants are avirulent, and both S. cerevisiae and Cr. neoformans ilv2 mutants die upon isoleucine and valine starvation. To further explore the potential of Ilv2p as an antifungal drug target, we disrupted Candida albicans ILV2, and demonstrated that Ca. albicans ilv2Δ mutants were significantly attenuated in virulence, and were also profoundly starvation-cidal, with a greater than 100-fold reduction in viability after only 4 h of isoleucine and valine starvation. As fungicidal starvation would be advantageous for drug design, we explored the basis of the starvation-cidal phenotype in both S. cerevisiae and Ca. albicans ilv2Δ mutants. Since the mutation of ILV1, required for the first step of isoleucine biosynthesis, did not suppress the ilv2Δ starvation-cidal defects in either species, the cidal phenotype was not due to α-ketobutyrate accumulation. We found that starvation for isoleucine alone was more deleterious in Ca. albicans than in S. cerevisiae, and starvation for valine was more deleterious than for isoleucine in both species. Interestingly, while the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway inhibitor rapamycin further reduced S. cerevisiae ilv2Δ starvation viability, it increased Ca. albicans ilv1Δ and ilv2Δ viability. Furthermore, the recovery from starvation was dependent on the carbon source present during recovery for S. cerevisiae ilv2Δ mutants, reminiscent of isoleucine and valine starvation inducing a viable but non-culturable-like state in this species, while Ca. albicans ilv1Δ and ilv2 Δ viability was influenced by the carbon source present during starvation, supporting a role for glucose wasting in the Ca. albicans cidal phenotype.
Why Toys Shouldn't Work "Like Magic": Children's Technology and the Values of Construction and Control

The design and engineering of children's artifacts-like engineering in general - exhibits a recurring philosophical tension between what might be called an emphasis on "ease of use" on the one hand, and an emphasis on "user empowerment" on the other. This paper argues for a style of technological toy design that emphasizes construction, mastery, and personal expressiveness for children, and that consequently runs counter to the (arguably ascendant) tradition of toys that work "like magic". We describe a series of working prototypes from our laboratories - examples that illustrate new technologies in the service of children's construction - and we use these examples to ground a wider-ranging discussion of toy design and potential future work.
Micro-mirror On Ribbon-actuator (MOR) for high speed spatial light modulator

To realize a high throughput optical mask-less lithography (OML) which is utilized for the semiconductor integrated circuit (IC) mass fabrication, we have been studying the high speed spatial light modulator (SLM). In this paper, we report a Micro-mirror On Ribbon-actuator (MOR) as a novel MEMS SLM. The MOR consists of a ribbon actuator which carries a mirror placed on the offset position. The mirror tilts when the ribbon actuator is bent by electrostatic force. The high speed driving of the MOR is realized by the high resonant frequency of the ribbon actuator and the large damping factor of the submicron gap. The MOR showed the routinely switching response of less than 3 musec and the resonant frequency of around 1.7 MHz. The 8times8 passive matrix drive of the MOR was also demonstrated.
Fabrication of fibers with high rare-earth concentrations for Faraday isolator applications

The Faraday effect provides a mechanism for achieving unidirectional light propagation in optical isolators; however, miniaturization requires large Verdet constants. High rare-earth content glasses produce suitably large Verdet values, but intrinsic fabrication problems remain. The novel powder-intube method, or a single-draw rod-in-tube method, obviates these difficulties. The powder-in-tube method was used to make silica-clad optical fibers with a high terbium oxide content aluminosilicate core. Core diameters of 2.4 µm were achieved in 125-µm-diameter fibers, with a numerical aperture of 0.35 and a Verdet constant of -20.0 rad/(T m) at 1.06 µm. This value is greater than 50% for crystals found in current isolator systems. This development could lead to all-fiber isolators of dramatically lower cost and ease of fabrication compared with their crystalline competitors.
Domains of human U4atac snRNA required for U12‐dependent splicing in vivo

U4atac snRNA forms a base-paired complex with U6atac snRNA. Both snRNAs are required for the splicing of the minor U12-dependent class of eukaryotic nuclear introns. We have developed a new genetic suppression assay to investigate the in vivo roles of several regions of U4atac snRNA in U12-dependent splicing. We show that both the stem I and stem II regions, which have been proposed to pair with U6atac snRNA, are required for in vivo splicing. Splicing activity also requires U4atac sequences in the 5′ stem–loop element that bind a 15.5 kDa protein that also binds to a similar region of U4 snRNA. In contrast, mutations in the region immediately following the stem I interaction region, as well as a deletion of the distal portion of the 3′ stem–loop element, were active for splicing. Complete deletion of the 3′ stem–loop element abolished in vivo splicing function as did a mutation of the Sm protein binding site. These results show that the in vivo sequence requirements of U4atac snRNA are similar to those described previously for U4 snRNA using in vitro assays and provide experimental support for models of the U4atac/U6atac snRNA interaction.
The accuracy of aerial triangulation products automatically generated from hyper-spatial resolution digital aerial photography

ABSTRACTIn recent years, unmanned airborne systems (UAS) have emerged as an important platform for collecting hyper-spatial resolution airborne remote sensing data. Using this hyper-spatial resolution imagery as input, modern aerial triangulation (AT) techniques, also known as structure-from-motion or SfM, can rapidly produce orthophotos and digital surface models (DSMs) at fine scales. Such data hold great promise for a number of applications, including routine and post-disaster assessment of transportation infrastructure, which provided the impetus for this research. Using hyper-spatial resolution (0.002 m) natural colour digital aerial photography acquired from a low-altitude UAS as input images, this research systematically investigated the horizontal and vertical accuracy of the AT generated orthophotos and DSMs, respectively. Hyper-spatial resolution aerial data were collected for a total of 28 study sites and, for each study site, coordinate information of 16 ground control points (GCPs) was collec...
Short- and Long-Term Optimal Control of a Mathematical Model for HIV Infection of CD4 + T Cells

The main goal of this study was to develop a theoretical short- and long-term optimal control treatment of HIV infection of $$CD4^{+}T$$ cells. The aim of the mathematical model used herein is to make the free HIV virus particles in the blood decrease, while administering a treatment that is less toxic to patients. Pontryagin’s classical control theory is applied to a mathematical model of HIV infection of $$CD4^{+}T$$ cells characterized by a system of nonlinear differential equations with the following unknown functions: the concentration of susceptible $$CD4^{+}T$$ cells, $$CD4^{+}T$$ cells infected by the HIV viruses and free HIV virus particles in the blood.
Asbestos at the Crossroads: Will a Mandatory Settlement Class Pass Muster?

This article previews the issues and arguments in Ortiz v. Fibreboard, Corp., on appeal to the Supreme Court on its 1998-99 docket. The Ortiz appeal raises a number of issues, which the Court may or may not decide, including (1) whether the Ahearn settlement class satisfies the prerequisites of Rule 23(a); (2) whether the Ahearn settlement class could be approved as a Rule 23(b)(1)(B) mandatory class; and (3) whether the Ahearn settlement class satisfies the "case and controversy" and standing requirements of Article III of the Constitution.The Supreme Court in Ortiz will again consider the validity of a class action asbestos settlement intended to resolve the claims of all "future claimants," in this instance against the Fibreboard Corporation and its insurers. The Ortiz appeal arises from extensive asbestos litigation in Texas and California, and the class settlement is commonly known as the Ahearn settlement after Gerald Ahearn, the class representative.The Court's consideration of the Ahearn settlement class follows hard on the heels of its 1997 decision repudiating another asbestos settlement class, in Amchem Products Inc. v. Windsor, 117 S.Ct. 2231 (1997). Esteban Ortiz, the petitioner before the Supreme Court, is a dissident class member in the Ahearn settlement who opposes the federal court's approval of that settlement.The Ortiz appeal is of tremendous immediate significance for the resolution of mass tort litigation, but the Court's discussion of class settlement principles will have broad-reaching impact on all types of class actions and future class settlements. The Court's 1997 Amchem decision addressed the problem of class-action settlements in the context of so-called "(b)(3) opt-out classes." In contrast, the Ortiz appeal involves a mandatory, non-opt-out class of future claimants: a type of class settlement that currently does not require the same due process protections as (b)(3) opt-out classes.Defense attorneys and their insurers frequently prefer mandatory settlement classes to completely resolve all current and future claims, to achieve what the lawyers call "global peace." However, as the Ahearn settlement demonstrates, mandatory settlement classes implicate an array of novel legal issues for the Court. The two global asbestos settlements - Amchem and Ahearn - form twin bookends concerning the evolving doctrine of federal settlement classes. Thus, the Supreme Court has the opportunity, in two successive terms, to define the principles and limitations governing settlement classes in the federal arena.
350Exposure Investigation and Infection Prevention Measures for a Patient with Confirmed NDM-1 Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

Wound Cultures Obtained: 9 Number of Wound Cultures Growing CRE: 1 Number of Wound Cultures Growing NDM-1 CRE: 0 Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a class of bacteria with several resistance mechanisms, including the production of carbapenemase, an enzyme that breaks down carbapenem antibiotics. The New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) enzyme was first discovered in India. It has become endemic in India and Pakistan, especially in healthcare settings. It was first seen in the United States in 2010 and has been 16 states so far (CDC, 2014). The first case of NDM-1 CRE at The Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) was identified in February 2014. The patient, whom had traveled to India but was never hospitalized there., was admitted to JHH in late January 2014. He was admitted on two surgical intensive care units and one surgical unit prior to being isolated. Exposure Investigation and Infection Prevention Measures for a Patient with Confirmed NDM-1 Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
Interaction of endogenous endothelin-1 and inhaled nitric oxide in term and preterm infants

The peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an unknown role in the pathogenesis and progression of two important neonatal pulmonary disorders, chronic lung disease (CLD) of prematurity and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Inhaled nitric oxide (INO) is a proven vasodilator therapy in PPHN and is an experimental therapy in CLD. We sought to determine the effects, if any, of the interaction of inhaled INO with ET-1 in these two separate disorders. Infants (n=21) with PPHN (mean gestation age, 39.4 weeks; mean birth weight, 3470 g) were treated with INO. All infants were <72 h of age at baseline. Plasma obtained at baseline and after 24 h of INO therapy was assessed for ET-1. The change in ET-1 levels with INO was inversely correlated with change in arterial partial pressure of O(2) (r=-0.71, P=0.0003). A separate group of 33 patients with CLD (mean gestational age, 27 weeks; mean birth weight, 740 g; mean age, 19 days) had tracheal aspirate levels of ET-1 obtained before, during, and after 7 days' administration of INO. Values were normalized by soluble secretory component of IgA. Tracheal aspirate ET-1 levels were detectable before INO therapy. There was no significant change during or after treatment with INO. There was not a significant correlation between baseline fractional inspired O(2) and ET-1 levels. There was a non-significant trend in the correlation between the change in ET-1 and the change in interleukin-8 levels in tracheal aspirate. This report confirms the presence of ET-1 in tracheal aspirate of premature infants who are developing CLD and reaffirms the presence of ET-1 in plasma of infants with PPHN. Short-term INO therapy was associated with a decrease in plasma ET-1 levels in PPHN, but did not affect tracheal aspirate ET-1 in CLD. Given the vasconstrictive, profibrotic, and proinflammatory properties of ET-1, specific ET-1 receptor antagonists could be considered as candidates for trials as adjunct therapy in either or both of these disorders.
Genital tract infections in Women

The future holds promise of new, more accurate diagnostic tests; more effective therapies; and development of better barriers and eventual vaccines. GTI is, however, and for the foreseeable future will continue to be a major health care problem for women, requiring careful surveillance, management, and ongoing education for both patient and provider.
Interactions of Mechanical Twinning and Dislocation Glide with Polytwin-Interfaces in L1o-Ordered Iron-Palladium Intermetallics

The defect structures in polytwinned (PT) FePd have been studied after room temperature deformation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interactions between gliding dislocations and mechanical twins with the {101}-conjugated PT-interfaces have been identified. Based on crystallographic analyses of shear transfer of dislocations and microtwins across the PT-interfaces in FePd boundary reactions have been identified that are consisted with the TEM observations. A model has been proposed, which is suitable to rationalize significant contributions to strain-hardening from these defect-interface interactions in PT-FePd.
Detection of Red Cell Agglutinogens with Lectins in Chickens

Abstract THE use of blood group specific plant agglutinins as substitutes for naturally occurring or immune isoagglutinins is now widespread. Among the first to study the feasibility of plant seed extracts or lectins were Renkonen (1948) who observed seed extracts containing fairly strong anti-A1 and other extracts containing anti-O and anti-A2 agglutinins, Koulumies (1949 a, b) who used Vicia cracca and Cytisus sessilifolius in A1–A2 and A1B–A2B subgroupings, Boyd and Reguera (1949) and Bird (1952) who found that Dolichos biflorus was a reliable anti-A1 reagent. Bird (1953) suggested that the agglutination reactions of a wide variety of seed agglutinins might serve to distinguish the erythrocytes of various species. He was able to group nine mammals and two bird species into four groups using Ricinus communis, Dolichos lab lab, Vicia faba and Phaseolus lunatus. In a later paper (1954) Bird stated that he was able to distinguish between pigeon and…
Increased Rate of Thyroxine Secretion by Hybrid Chicks as a Factor in Heterosis

Abstract THE existence of a phenomenon known as hybrid vigor or heterosis is now well established. Numerous examples of this phenomenon could be cited in both the plant and animal fields. The genetic explanation of heterosis involves the concept of multiple factors with many dominant genes tending to influence both quantitative and qualitative characters for vigor, growth, fecundity and productiveness. In the plant field, the outstanding example of the commercial application of hybrid vigor has been with corn. It is estimated that 95 percent of the acreage of the corn belt for 1946 was planted to hybrid seed corn. Cross breeding of farm animals with and without previous inbreeding has been employed to promote increased vigor, fertility, early maturity, milk, meat, egg production, etc. In connection with milk production, experiments in progress at the Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Md. as reported by Fohrman (1946) are noteworthy. Preliminary results indicate that increased . . .
Study on the species of midges of Meiling scenic area of Nanchang city

Objective To get insight into the species composition of midges in the Meiling scenic area, providing a scientific base for the control and prevention of blood-sucking midges in the area. Methods The light trap and insect net capture methods were employed to collect midges in different habitats in the scenic area, and slide specimen were used for the identification of the species in the laboratory. Results A total of 29 species of midges belonging to 5 genera were collected, of which 13 species (11 species belonging to genus Culicoides, 2 species to genus Lasiohel) belonging to two genera, were identified as the blood-sucking midges, with 16 species of 3 genera including 5 species of Dasyhelea, 8 species of Forcipomyia and 3 species of Atrichopogon identified as non-blood-sucking midges. 23 species of midges were found to be new in Nanchang. Conclusion Researches on midges, especially on the blood-sucking midges are not well develpoed and efforts remain to be made to deepen the area in well-rounded manners.
MTX in 32-bit Protected Mode

Chapter 14 extends MTX from 16-bit real mode to 32-bit protected mode. It explains protected mode operations and shows how to configure the PC’s memory management hardware for segmentation and paging. It shows how to set up descriptor tables for protected mode operations. In particular, it shows how to set up the IDT and the process kernel mode stack for interrupt and exception processing. It explains in-line assembly and use of GCC to generate flat binary and ELF executables. Then it extends the real mode RMTX to 32-bit protected mode. In order to illustrate the different capabilities of segmentation and paging, it presents three different versions of MTX in protected mode; mtx32.1 uses segmentation, mtx32.2 uses static paging, and pmtx uses dynamic paging. Despite the architectural differences, it demonstrates that the same design principle and implementation techniques can be applied to all cases. In each case, it shows the implementation in detail and demonstrates the results by a complete sample system. Lastly, it lists many possible extensions to the MTX system for future work.
Assessing the impact of police body-worn cameras on arresting, prosecuting, and convicting suspects of intimate partner violence

The perceived benefits that generally accompany body-worn cameras (BWCs) include the ability to increase transparency and police legitimacy, improve behavior among both police officers and citizens, and reduce citizen complaints and police use of force. Less established in the literature, however, is the value of BWCs to aid in the arrest, prosecution, and conviction of intimate partner violence (IPV) offenders. We attempt to fill that void by examining the effect of pre- and post-camera deployment on a number of outcomes related to arrest, prosecution, and conviction. The findings provide initial evidence for the utility of BWCs in IPV cases. When compared with posttest non-camera cases, posttest camera cases were more likely to result in an arrest, have charges filed, have cases furthered, result in a guilty plea, and result in a guilty verdict at trial. These results have several implications for policing, prosecuting, and convicting IPV cases.
Bakers’ and Brewers’ Yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Bakers’ (or brewers’) yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , is a single-celled eukaryotic organism in the fungal kingdom of life. As it has been studied with increasingly powerful analytic tools for more than 80 years, we have a good understanding of the role that is over 80% of its approximately 5800 genes play in the cell. Because most of its genes have homologues in other organisms, our understanding of how the proteins that they encode carry out the basic functions of a cell informs the functions of their counterparts in other organisms, including humans. Saccharomyces yeasts are champion fermenters of sugar, which has resulted in their use for over 6000 years to make bread, wine, and beer, and more recently, to produce ethanol for fuel and engineered proteins for therapeutics.
A Security Evaluation of a Municipal Computer Network: The Case of Collaboration Between the City of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University

Since the decline of the steel industry, the City of Pittsburgh’s reduced tax revenue has dramatically impacted its ability to provide essential municipal services, including an efficient and secure technology infrastructure. To overcome these budget shortfalls, the City has begun to explore partnerships with local universities. For example, the City’s computer services department, in collaboration with a group of security students of the H. John Heinz III College at Carnegie Mellon University, undertook a comprehensive security evaluation of Pittsburgh’s municipal computer network. The students identified numerous security breaches for the City while obtaining an invaluable real-world learning experience. This innovative collaboration can serve as a model for future government–university partnerships.
Joint iterative migration of surface and borehole gravity gradiometry data

Abstract Gravity and gravity gradiometry surveys have been widely used in mining and petroleum exploration. Interest in borehole gravity measurements has grown because they can help to detect deep targets. The best way to obtain a three-dimensional (3D) density distribution is by the joint interpretation of surface and borehole gravity data, which is a very challenging problem. The 3D inversion would be a choice for the quantitative interpretation of gravity and gravity gradiometry data; however, it is a complicated and time-consuming procedure that is very dependent on the a priori model and constraints used. Our research has shown that joint iterative migration of surface and borehole gravity and gravity gradiometry data can better image subsurface density distribution. This chapter presents the results of the new developments in the joint migration of surface and borehole gravity and gravity gradiometry data.
Introduction of the American Pediatric Society's 2016 John Howland Award Recipient, Barbara J. Stoll, MD.

Introduction of the American Pediatric Society’s 2016 John Howland Award Recipient, Barbara J. Stoll, MD
Tensor Factorization for Student Modeling and Performance Prediction in Unstructured Domain.

We propose a novel tensor factorization approach, Feedback-Driven Tensor Factorization (FDTF), for modeling student learning process and predicting student performance. This approach decomposes a tensor that is built upon students’ attempt sequence, while considering the quizzes students select to work with as its feedback. FDTF does not require any prior domain knowledge, such as learning resource skills, concept maps, or Q-matrices. The proposed approach differs significantly from other tensor factorization approaches, as it explicitly models the learning progress of students while interacting with the learning resources. We compare our approach to other state-of-the-art approaches in the task of Predicting Student Performance (PSP). Our experiments show that FDTF performs significantly better compared to baseline methods, including Bayesian Knowledge Tracing and a state-of-the-art tensor factorization approach.
Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a mechanism of tumor dissemination that can provide a challenge to tumor eradication and that is correlated with poor survival. Squamous cell carcinoma, the most common type of head and neck cancer, has a high prevalence of PNI. This review provides an overview of clinical studies on the outcomes and factors associated with PNI in head and neck cancer and on findings on cancer-nerve crosstalk.
Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, and Cultural Mismatch and Their Influences on Immigrant Children and Adolescents’ Well-Being

Immigration is a life changing cultural transition that involves dealing with a variety of challenges having mental health implications. Multiple preimmigration circumstances and postimmigration conditions affect how migration is experienced, as do unique individual, family, and cultural factors. Without considering these factors, those who work with immigrants and those who conduct research with immigrants may at best fail to understand the psychological needs of the people they are working with, and at worst pathologize their experiences, perpetuating stereotypes, and/or contribute to feelings of alienation.
Tobacco matrix attachment region sequence increased transgene expression levels in rice plants

In this study, six plasmids were constructed to study the effects of the tobacco Rb7 matrix attachment region (MAR) sequence on rice transgene expression. Among them, each of four plasmids contained two identical copies of the MAR sequence flanking two different reporter genes, which encode the green fluorescent protein and β-glucuronidase. Two control plasmids contained no MAR sequences. Microprojectile bombardment was used to separately introduce these six plasmids into rice calli. Transgenic rice plants were regenerated, and gene expression was measured in rice leaf extracts of two-month-old transgenic plants. By comparing transgenic plants with the corresponding control plants, transgenic plants harboring each of four plasmids that included the MAR sequence resulted in average gene expression levels enhanced by 3.3-fold, 18-fold, 376-fold and 650-fold. These results suggest that the same MAR sequence can affect the expression of different genes to different extents. One goal of plant scientists and breeders is to maximize expression levels of transgenes, especially in the production of transgene-encoded protein. Therefore, inclusion of the Rb7 MAR sequence would be beneficial.
Politics case study: Even popular politics doesn’t come cheap

Abstract. The case study suggests that popular politics in Pakistan should develop a culture where electoral and electorate should focus on policies and not the personalities as is the standard practice parliamentary governance structure as against presidential form of it. Keywords. Electoral Politics. JEL. A10.
Creating Language Impairments in Typically Achieving Children

Many popular standardized language tests use a "normal" sample for their normative comparison group. This article describes the errors that result from current uses of such tests; (a) identificatio...
Mechanisms of canonical Kelvin-Helmholtz instability suppression in magnetohydrodynamic flows

The stabilizing influence of the streamwise magnetic field on Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability is well known. We perform numerical simulations over a wide range of magnetic field strengths to clearly describe the mechanisms through which the stabilization of KH instability is achieved. KH instability evolution is known to be characterized by the stages of (i) linear precursor-vortex development; (ii) precursor-vortices merger and rollup into the primary vortex; and (iii) development of secondary-vortex bands and the nonlinear asymptotic stage. Our simulations exhibit the KH instability disruption mechanisms as a function of magnetic field strength. At strong magnetic field strengths, rapid harmonic velocity-magnetic exchange causes the precursor vortices to continually wind and unwind. Thus the perturbation development does not proceed beyond the first stage. At intermediate magnetic field strengths, the harmonic interaction permits the monotonic development of precursor vortices but prevents merger or primary vortex formation. When the magnetic field is weak, hydrodynamic mechanisms prevail at the first and second stages. The magnetic field only disrupts the nonlinear asymptotic KH growth stage due to the onset of “resistive instability” in the secondary bands.The stabilizing influence of the streamwise magnetic field on Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability is well known. We perform numerical simulations over a wide range of magnetic field strengths to clearly describe the mechanisms through which the stabilization of KH instability is achieved. KH instability evolution is known to be characterized by the stages of (i) linear precursor-vortex development; (ii) precursor-vortices merger and rollup into the primary vortex; and (iii) development of secondary-vortex bands and the nonlinear asymptotic stage. Our simulations exhibit the KH instability disruption mechanisms as a function of magnetic field strength. At strong magnetic field strengths, rapid harmonic velocity-magnetic exchange causes the precursor vortices to continually wind and unwind. Thus the perturbation development does not proceed beyond the first stage. At intermediate magnetic field strengths, the harmonic interaction permits the monotonic development of precursor vortices but prevents merger or p...
Ambulatory and Office-Based Surgery

Ambulatory and office-based surgery continues to grow and will no doubt have an impact on every practicing anesthesiologist at some point in their career. Ambulatory surgery is defined as a surgical day case in a patient who is admitted for a scheduled procedure and should not require an overnight stay in a hospital bed. The clear intent of ambulatory surgery then is to manage the entire patient encounter within 1 day with the expectation of the patient returning to their prior place of residence. Office-based anesthesia is performing an anesthetic in a venue outside a traditional hospital.
Space, Time, and Story

Abstract Life presents as a continuous multimodal barrage on all our senses. From that, we abstract events, discrete units characterized by completion of goals and peaks of action. Effective communication of sequences of events in explanations and narratives is similarly segmented, and linked globally by overall themes and locally by anaphora. Visuospatial explanations and narratives, notably diagrams, comics, and gestures, rely on congruity of mappings of elements and relations of ideas to space and marks in space. Just as we design visuospatial discourse, we design the world: Our design actions in space create diagrams in the world, patterns, piles, rows, one-to-one correspondences, and the like, that express abstractions, categories, hierarchies, dimensions, and more, a circular process termed spraction .
The Influence of Melatonin on the Human Circadian Clock

Now that it has been established that experimental administration of melatonin has circadian phase-shifting effects in humans, we can speculate about its endogenous function. More specifically, melatonin in physiologic amounts can produce effects that are described by a phase response curve (PRC) (Lewy et al., 1990a; Lewy et al., 1992; Lewy et al., 1991; Lewy et al., 1990b; Lewy et al., 1991; Zaidan et al., 1994) that is about 12 hours out of phase with the PRCs to light (Czeisler et al., 1989; Honma and Honma, 1988; Minors et al., 1991; Wever, 1989). Therefore, it appears that the most likely role of endogenous melatonin production in humans is to augment phase-shifting and entrainment of the endogenous circadian pacemaker (ECP) by the light-dark cycle. This is accomplished through the suppressant effect of light on melatonin production (Lewy et al., 1980).
Animal Models of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by motor and vocal tics, as well as by sensory abnormalities; it is frequently comorbid with other neuropsychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The construction of valid animal models of such conditions presents particular challenges. All three normal domains in which validity is assessed are problematic: face validity because the symptomatology is complex and difficult to define in an animal; predictive validity because available pharmacological interventions are of limited efficacy and specificity; and construct validity because our understanding of the pathophysiology of these complex disorders remains rudimentary. Despite these challenges, a variety of animal models of these conditions have been described. Models of TS have focused on dysregulation of dopamine and of inhibitory transmission within the cortico-basal ganglia circuitry. Models of OCD have focused on the same circuitry, as well as on serotonergic modulation and on a variety of behavioral manipulations. No established models have yet been convincingly shown to fully recapitulate the pathophysiology of these prevalent diseases; but several have cast important insight on underlying neurobiological processes and are likely to continue to be informative going forward.
Pathophysiology and Advanced Hemodynamic Assessment of Cardiogenic Shock

Cardiogenic shock (CGS) is common and highly morbid. According to the National Inpatient Sample, there are more than 100,000 cases per year, and 30-day mortality approaches 50% despite improvements in critical care practices and novel mechanical therapies targeted at restoring normal hemodynamics. This issue aims to enhance clinicians' understanding of CGS, and this review specifically focuses on the underlying pathophysiology. We examine the definition and etiologies of CGS, approaches to risk assessment, and the pressure-volume loop framework that is the foundation for conceptualizing ventricular mechanics, ventricular-vascular interactions, and the derangements observed in CGS. This overview will also contextualize subsequent chapters that discuss nuances of CGS encountered in particular scenarios (ie, post-myocardial infraction, acutely decompensated chronic heart failure, post-cardiac surgery), address pharmacological and mechanical treatments for CGS, and review CGS in a case-based format.
SPECTROSCOPY OF MULTIELECTRON ATOM IN DC ELECTRIC FIELD: RELATIVISTIC OPERATOR PERTURBATION THEORY

We develop the theoretical basis of a new relativistic operator perturbation theory approach to multielectron atom in a DC electric field combined with a relativistic many-body perturbation theory formalism for a free multielectron atom. As illustration of application of the presented formalism, the results of energy and spectral parameters for a number of atoms are presented. The relativistic OPT method is tested for computing the Stark shifts of Rydberg states for a few the multielectron systems such as the sodium and rubidium. The approach allows an accurate and consistent treatment of a DC strong field Stark effect in multielectron atoms.
Neoadjuvant nivolumab (N) plus weekly carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) in resectable locally advanced head and neck cancer.

6583Background: Despite multimodality standard therapy, patients (pts) with resectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA SCCHN) are at high risk for recurrence. Pts ...
Folksongs of Another America: Field Recordings from the Upper Midwest, 1937–1946

As it drew on folklore and literary study, song collecting in America, which emerged during the nineteenth century, anticipated and then helped fuel the development of oral history. Boosted by the ...
It's complicated: The relationship between orthorexia and weight/shape concerns, eating behaviors, and mood

Clean eating (i.e., eating healthy foods largely from nature) has become a recent popular lifestyle trend. Orthorexia is the term used to describe a pathological preoccupation with healthy eating which causes significant impairment in one's life. The present study examined orthorexia symptoms in relation to sample characteristics, weight/shape concerns, eating behaviors, and mood in a general population sample in the United States. Participants included 217 adults who completed surveys on weight/shape concerns, eating behaviors, and mood via the data collection site, Prolific. Men had higher orthorexia symptoms than women. Across all participants, orthorexia was not related to weight/shape concerns but was related to higher weight-related restraint eating behaviors. Orthorexia was not related to stress or negative emotions; however, it was related to having higher well-being. Multiple regressions revealed how the main variables predicted orthorexia symptoms separately by gender. Routine restraint, emotional eating, stress, and well-being were significant predictors of orthorexia for men. Weight/shape concerns, routine restraint, stress, and negative emotion were significant predictors of orthorexia for women. As such, it appears that orthorexia symptomatology has both advantageous and disadvantageous associations and differentially affects men and women.
Modeling the dynamics of phospholipids in the fluid phase of liposomes

We present the derivation of a new model to describe neutron spin echo spectroscopy and quasi-elastic neutron scattering data on liposomes. We compare the new model with existing approaches and benchmark it with experimental data. The analysis indicates the importance of including all major contributions in the modeling of the intermediate scattering function. Simultaneous analysis of the experimental data on lipids with full contrast and tail contrast matched samples reveals highly confined lipid tail motion. A comparison of their dynamics demonstrates the statistical independence of tail-motion and height–height correlation of the membrane. A more detailed analysis indicates that the lipid tail relaxation is confined to a potential with cylindrical symmetry, in addition to the undulation and diffusive motion of the liposome. Despite substantial differences in the chemistry of the fatty acid tails, the observation indicates a universal behavior. The analysis of partially deuterated systems confirms the strong contribution of the lipid tail to the intermediate scattering function. Within the time range from 5 to 100 ns, the intermediate scattering function can be described by the height–height correlation function. The existence of the fast-localized tail motion and the contribution of slow translational diffusion of liposomes determine the intermediate scattering function for t 100 ns, respectively. Taking into account the limited time window lowers the bending moduli by a factor of 1.3 (DOPC) to 2 (DMPC) compared to the full range.
Expanding on prior conceptualizations of teacher noticing

While recent research demonstrates that teacher noticing is a core construct of teaching, it also raises new questions about this construct. Here, we offer an expanded framework that addresses three key questions. Specifically, we suggest that attending involves not only selecting particular features of instruction to observe, but also disregarding aspects of classroom interactions that are less consequential. In addition, we propose that a stance of inquiry about observed phenomena is central to drawing inferences about observed phenomena. Finally, we extend the boundaries of teacher noticing to include shaping, the act of creating interactions that provide increased opportunities to attend to and interpret noteworthy mathematical interactions. In other words, teachers are not simply passive bystanders in the act of noticing, rather they shape interactions to gain access to additional information to allow for further observation and interpretation of student thinking.
Sustainable Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable biofuels and bioproducts. Among emerging bioproducts, lactic acid has attracted significant interest because of its growing application in many industries (e.g., packaging, medical, and pharmaceutical). In this study, BioSTEAM—an open-source platform—was leveraged for the design, simulation, and evaluation (via techno-economic analysis, TEA, and life cycle assessment, LCA) of lignocellulosic lactic acid biorefineries. With a minimum product selling price (MPSP) between $1.38 and 1.91 kg–¹ (5th–95th percentiles, baseline at $1.57 kg–¹), the biorefinery was capable of producing market-competitive lactic acid (market price between $1.7 and 2.1 kg–¹), and its performance could be further enhanced (e.g., MPSP down to $1.09 kg–¹, global warming potential of 2.79 kg CO₂-eq·kg–¹, and fossil energy consumption of 31.7 MJ·kg–¹) with advancements in key technological parameters (fermentation yield and separation process conversions) and optimization in process operation. Sensitivity analyses focused on the fermentation unit (across titer, yield, and productivity; neutral vs low-pH fermentation) and feedstock characteristics (carbohydrate content and price) were also included to quantify their impact on the sustainability of the biorefinery. Overall, this research highlights the ability of agile TEA/LCA to screen promising biorefinery designs, prioritize research needs, and establish a road map for the continued development of bioproducts and biofuels.
STUDY OF SUPPLY CHAINS FOR ANIMAL FOOD PRODUCTS

Livestock is one of the main pillars of agricultural production in Egypt. It is not only a source of agricultural economic growth, it is also an important factor in the economic and social stability of a large number of the agricultural population and other workers in the livestock production and food industries associated with this sector. The livestock sector faces a major challenge to increase the productivity of animal units of dairy and meat in light of the many technical, financial, economic and marketing obstacles facing this sector, It has been possible to analyze the supply chain of animal food products and keep track of these products during the various stages of identifying the most important weaknesses represented in the problems and obstacles facing this sector, which limit the performance of the various processes and functions required during these stages of efficient represented by: High and volatile prices of componentsو services and supplies of production and manufacturing, Weak integrative relations and lack of contractual relations at all stages and levels of supply chains, Weak infrastructure and service for the majority of marketing and manufacturing operations, poor performance of services and government control over the various stages of supply chains of these animal food products, The scarcity of trained technical personnel and the high labor costs in general for all activities and operations of these supply chains and the low purchasing power of consumers in the local markets. Some policies and solutions have been proposed to promote this sector. The most important of these was the restructuring of the cooperatives of producers and manufacturers and the restoration of their role in providing all production requirements and restoring the role of producers unions, manufacturers and credit lines in supporting these categories. And provide the necessary funding for the adoption of advanced technological methods at all stages and activities along the supply chain, work on developing the infrastructure and organization of government service facilities operating in the sector and improve the efficiency of its performance while providing appropriate data bases on this sector, Activating and tightening the governmental control over all facilities and establishments operating in the sector, and working to sensitize all actors along the chain to all their rights and responsibilities during their dealings with all the parties involved in this series.
DISTRICT-LEVEL CONVERGENCE AND PUBLIC BANKS IN INDIA

This study updates previous findings on district level convergence in India and analyses the role of financial development on economic growth. Using a new nighttime light product as a proxy for economic activity, it finds an absolute rate of convergence of 2.4 percent from 2013 to 2019. Conditional on socioeconomic characteristics, the rate of convergence was 3.7 percent. Stronger initial financial development resulted in faster subsequent growth, with the effect being twice as large for credit extended by public banks compared to credit extended by private banks. For districts with below median nighttime light intensity in 2013, the impact of public credit was three times larger, indicating a strong developmental role of public banks in India.
Cleavage of Retinoblastoma Protein during Apoptosis: An Interleukin 1β-converting Enzyme-like Protease as Candidate

We had found that in an early stage of DNA damage-induced, p53-independent apoptosis, retinoblastoma (RB) protein is hypophosphorylated to a p115 form by an activated serine/threonine phosphatase. Here, we report that accompanying the internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA, the newly formed p115/hypo/RB was immediately cleaved into at least two fragments, p68 and p48. The RB cleavage activity possessed properties of interleukin 1β-converting enzyme family. Addition of a specific tetrapeptide interleukin 1β-converting enzyme inhibitor prevented cleavage of p115/hypo/RB and early apoptotic cells from undergoing further apoptosis. We suggest that activation of the RB phosphatase and protease may be involved in mediating the two physiological stages of apoptosis, commitment and execution, respectively.