cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morbid Obesity and Lumbar Fusion in Patients Older Than 65 Years: Complications, Readmissions, Costs, and Length of Stay.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database review. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine how both morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥40) and obesity (BMI 30-39.9) modify 90-day complication rates and 30-day readmission rates following 1- to 2-level, primary, lumbar spinal fusion surgery for degenerative pathology in an elderly population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA In the United States, both obese and elderly patients are known to have increased risk of complication, yet both demographics are increasingly undergoing elective lumbar spine surgery. METHODS Medicare data from 2005 to 2012 were queried for patients who underwent primary 1- to 2-level posterolateral lumbar fusion for degenerative pathology. Elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were selected and separated into three cohorts: morbidly obese (BMI ≥40; n = 2594), obese (BMI ≥30, < 40] (n = 5534), and nonobese controls (n = 48,210). Each pathologic cohort was matched to a unique subcohort from the control population. Ninety-day medical and surgical complication rates, 30-day readmission rates, length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs were then compared. RESULTS Both morbidly obese and obese patients had significantly higher odds of experiencing any one major medical complication (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; P < 0.0001 and OR 1.32; P < 0.0001, respectively). Wound infection (OR 3.71; P < 0.0001 and OR 2.22; P < 0.0001) and dehiscence (OR 3.80; P < 0.0001 and OR 2.59; P < 0.0001) rates were increased in morbidly obese and obese patients, respectively. Thirty-day readmissions, length of stay, and in-hospital costs were increased, with patients with morbid obesity incurring charges almost $8000 greater than controls. CONCLUSION Patients with both obesity and morbid obesity are at significantly increased risk of major medical complications, wound complications, and 30-day readmissions. Additionally, both groups of patients have significantly increased LOS and hospital costs. Both obese and morbidly obese patients should be appropriately counseled of these risks and must be carefully selected to reduce postoperative morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Cytosine arabinoside therapy for disseminated herpes zoster in a patient with IgG pyroglobulinemia.

Cytosine arabinoside is a new chemotherapeutic agent which inhibits DNA synthesis and has shown activity against experimental DNA virus infections. This drug was used to treat a 65 year old man with an IgG, Type K serum pyroglobulin accompanying a lymphoproliferative disorder who developed a fulminant, disseminated herpes zoster infection. Rapid attenuation of his disease was apparent. No new skin lesions developed after the second day of treatment and within 6 weeks the patient had achieved a complete recovery from his viral disease.
Papillomavirus structural antigens in condyloma acuminatum of the male urethra.

AbstractCurrent developments in the technology of viral identification have rekindled interest in the relationship of human papillomaviruses, condylomata acuminata and neoplasia. Although important observations are being reported in the female genital system the association of human papillomavirus and mucosal condylomata in male patients has not been well documented. Using the horseradish peroxidase techniqurand antisera to papillomaviruses, viral antigens were identified in 62 per cent of male patients with urethral condylomata acuminata. The implications of this relationship are discussed briefly.
The Transcendental Ego as Adesse

The final chapter re-introduces the act-pole of the Husserlian Transcendental Ego as pure adesse. This is done first through a critical study of Dasein as a relation, not to nothingness as in Heidegger but to the actus purus essendi as it is in itself. Then it is done through the analysis of the pure concept of the asymmetrical towardness of Husserlian apophantics to formal ontology itself. Then the actual motivation necessary for proceeding forth into the new science of convergent phenomenology is given. The final section uses the metaphor of the now newly converged Transcendental Ego as special role to be played within the realm of general phenomenology as understood by Husserl.
The treatment of experimental data

Some quantities in which we are interested can be measured directly. More often, a quantity must be calculated from other quantities that can be measured. This calculation process is called data reduction. The simplest form of data reduction is the use of a formula into which measured values are substituted. Other forms of data reduction include analysis of a set of data that can be represented by data points on a graph. Construction of such a graph and analysis of features of the graph, such as slopes and intercepts of lines, can provide values of variables. Statistical analysis done numerically can replace graphical analysis, providing better accuracy with less effort. This chapter discusses both of these approaches. It also analyzes the accuracy of experimental data. In the case that some desired quantity can be directly measured, the accuracy of the measurement must be estimated. If data reduction must be carried out, the propagation of errors in measurements through the data reduction process must be studied. The two principal types of experimental errors, random errors and systematic errors are described separately. Random errors are subject to statistical analysis, and this analysis is also discussed.
Black Women’s Relationships with Party Politics

During the month of October 1991, Anita Faye Hill, a law professor, gave sworn testimony before the Senate regarding her allegation of sexual harassment that she experienced while working for Supreme Court Justice nominee Clarence Thomas at both the Department of Education and the Equal Opportunity Commission in the early 1980s. Hill’s statement recounted sexually explicit conversations and references allegedly made by Thomas to her on several occasions. Revisiting the 1991 Congressional saga of the confirmation process of Thomas to the Supreme Court reveals a context in which both race and gender identities were influential, particularly because the Hill-Thomas conflict was intraracial rather than interracial. The shared racial identity of Thomas and Hill, as well as the Congressional Black Caucus members, created an environment in which gender became a more salient factor than race, providing a strong example of when and where gender can trump race for Black women in political positions and how gender remains even more divisive a political wedge than race.
Elucidating the pH Dependent Mechanism of OmpG Gating

Protein pores are steadily emerging as valuable stochastic sensors for single- molecule detection. Over the decade, developments in stochastic sensing have been based on single channel recording in planar lipid bilayer. Historically, nanopores with rigid structures have been frequently used for sensing molecules and biological species. However, we have chosen a nanopore with a flexible structure for our protein nanopore: monomeric β-barrel porin outer membrane protein G (OmpG). This monomeric porin is composed of 14- s- strands connected by seven flexible extracellular loops. Wild-type OmpG spontaneously gates during an applied potential as revealed by planar bilayer studies. Strong evidence suggests that the dynamic movement of OmpG's loop 6 is responsible for the gating mechanism of the porin. The unusual flexible architecture of this porin not only successfully binds protein targets, but also provides unique detection. Our engineered OmpG sensor is sensitive enough to provide, for the first time, the ability to resolve homologous protein analytes.The ability of our biosensor to discriminate between homologous proteins reveals the important need in better understanding the underlying mechanism of OmpG gating. This understanding will allow us to further engineer OmpG and tailor it for sensing an array of protein analytes. In addition, this knowledge will aid in a deeper understanding of the biology of this membrane protein itself. In this work, we highlight the pH-dependent gating mechanism of OmpG by investigating repulsive forces of OmpG's extracellular loops.
Multigendering Pa: Anti-Administration, Anti-Blues

The modernist administrative ethos does not permit space for a radical reconstruction of gender–restricting and thereby oppressing the articulation of a radical feminist project in public administr...
A framework for fatalism in the fly

![Graphic][1] Friedrich Nietzsche was horrified by the concept of eternal recurrence, the possibility that the universe repeats itself infinitely in structure and experience. As a solution to this existential burden, Nietzsche proposed that man abandon idealism and embrace amor fati – a
Qualitative Assessment of the Application of a Discrete Choice Experiment With Community Health Workers in Uganda: Aligning Incentives With Preferences.

BACKGROUND Maximizing the benefits of community health worker (CHW) programs requires strategies for improving motivation, performance, and retention. Discrete choice experiments (DCE) are increasingly used to inform policy response to health workforce shortages in rural areas, and may be of value in the context of CHW programs. Participants are presented with pairs of hypothetical jobs that are described by job attributes with varying levels and are asked what their preferred job is within each pair. Responses are then analyzed quantitatively to obtain information on what attributes are important to participants. We conducted a qualitative assessment to examine the appropriateness and validity of applying a DCE to a new population of CHWs with lower literacy. METHODS In 2011, we conducted a mixed-method study with CHWs in Uganda, consisting of 183 surveys and 43 in-depth interviews (IDIs). The DCE was administered to both survey and IDI participants. This article reports on the qualitative assessment of the implementation of the DCE. We compare DCE responses between survey and IDI participants to determine whether administering the DCE in a qualitative (IDI) context altered responses. We then present additional information collected on CHWs' decision-making processes and their experiences with the DCE in the IDIs. RESULTS Choices made by IDI participants were consistent with the choices made by survey participants. In-depth exploration of CHWs' observations in answering the DCE suggest that, overall, CHWs comprehended the DCE exercise and made reasoned choices. However, the data revealed some level of cognitive difficulty and highlighted some design and implementation challenges that are important to consider, particularly when applying a DCE to populations with lower literacy. These include the need to keep the number of attributes small; to choose levels that are realistic yet show sufficient range; and to clearly define attributes and their levels. CONCLUSION DCEs can be an appropriate approach with CHWs but require careful design and implementation.
Forging Connections in Digital Spaces: Teaching Information Literacy Skills Through Engaging Online Activities

Successful online information literacy instruction (ILI) engages learners by creating spaces and assignments that encourage students to collaborate and develop an awareness of themselves as both creators and consumers of content. When students have the opportunity to direct conversations, collaborate over multiple technologies, and research and create content for external audiences, online learning is highly effective and engaging. This chapter describes librarian-designed learning activities, applicable in a variety of contexts, that draw on research in instructional design as well as the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy. Although creating learning activities for an online environment can be initially challenging, ILI is particularly well suited to online learning environments. A high level of integration of information technologies and interactive experiences moves students towards metaliteracy, incorporating their research skills into the production and sharing of new information.
Amphotericin B-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a polyene antifungal antibiotic that causes damage to fungal and host cells by altering cell membrane permeability. Nephrotoxicity is the most important adverse effect associated with AmB therapy, and this is manifested by acute kidney injury and tubular damage. In this chapter, the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AmB-induced renal injury is discussed. Also, lipid-based AmB formulations and other strategies useful in the prevention of AmB toxicity are reviewed.
Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreato-splenectomy (RAMPS)

Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreato-Splenectomy (RAMPS) is a procedure for adenocarcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas. It is focused on obtaining negative margins, N1 node dissection and early control of blood supply. The posterior margin is always behind the anterior renal fascia but the posterior margin is modular passing either anterior or posterior to the adrenal gland. Anterior RAMPS is used when the tumor does not penetrate the posterior margin of the pancreas on computed tomography and posterior RAMPS is used when it does. Other adjacent organs are often also resected. Very satisfactory results in terms of margin and node yield have been obtained in a number of centers.
Supramolecular control of heme binding and electronic states in multi-heme peptide assemblies

Nature guides the flow of electrons in biological systems with the assistance of multi-heme proteins called cytochromes. In an effort to understand natures approach to developing electronic systems, three peptides that are compositionally identical but sequentially distinct have been designed to study the impact of morphology and hydrophobicity on heme coordination and function.
Effectiveness of pedicle screw inclusion at the fracture level in short-segment fixation constructs for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: a computational biomechanics analysis

When treating thoracolumbar burst fractures (BF), short-segment posterior fixation (SSPF) represents a less invasive alternative to the traditional long-segment posterior fixation (LSPF) approach. However, hardware failure and loss of sagittal alignment have been reported in patients treated with SSPF. Including pedicle screws at the fracture level in SSPF constructs has been proposed to improve stiffness and reliability of the construct. Accordingly, the biomechanical performance of the proposed construct was compared to LSPF via a computational analysis. Pedicle screws at fracture level improved the performance of the short-segment construct. However, LSPF still represent a biomechanically superior option for treating thoracolumbar BF.
Evaluation of the effects of two doses of alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine on physical and psychomotor performance.

Recent studies have suggested that alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine (A-GPC) may be an effective ergogenic aid. The present study was designed to assess the efficacy of two doses of A-GPC in comparison to placebo and caffeine for increasing countermovement jump performance, isometric strength, and psychomotor function. Forty-eight healthy, college aged males volunteered for the present study and underwent baseline assessment of countermovement jump (CMJ), isometric mid thigh pull (IMTP), upper body isometric strength test (UBIST), and psychomotor vigilance (PVT). Following this assessment participants were randomly assigned to groups consisting of 500 mg A-GPC, 250 mg A-GPC, 200 mg Caffeine or Placebo taken daily. Blood samples were collected 1 h and 2 h post initial dose to quantify serum free choline and thyroid stimulating hormone then subjects returned after 7 days of supplementation to repeat CMJ, IMTP, UBIST and PVT. No differences were noted between groups for IMTP, UBIST or PVT performance. Serum free choline was found to be elevated in the two A-GPC groups as compared to placebo (132% and 59% respectively). Serum TSH was found to be significantly depressed in the 500 mg A-GPC group compared to other treatments (p < 0.04). Group differences were noted for maximum velocity and maximum mechanical power on the CMJ (p < 0.05) with the 250 mg A-GPC group demonstrating the greatest improvements in result. Based upon this evidence, and previous evidence regarding A-GPC, it should be considered as an emerging ergogenic supplement.
Delegating Disenfranchisement Decisions

Most empirical analyses of felon disenfranchisement and other voting rights laws focus on the implications of the laws on potential voters and political outcomes as if they are fully implemented. However, the administrative structure used by states to implement these laws varies as well as the extent that the implementation is monitored and the competitiveness of the electoral environment. We formally model the process by which states choose voting rights measures such as felon disenfranchisement laws. We
Management of advanced nodal disease following chemoradiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: role of magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Le but de cette etude etait de determiner le role de l'imagerie par resonance magnetique (IRM) pour predire la persistance de la maladie ganglionnaire dans le cancer tete et cou traite par chimioradiation. Methodes: Nous avons revu les dossiers de 38 patients avec un cancer cervico-facial classe N2 ou N3 qui ont ete traites avec chimioradiation et qui ont eu une IRM 6 a 8 semaines apres leur traitement. Resultats: L'IRM suggerait la persistance ganglionnaire de la maladie chez 16 patients. Ils ont ete traites avec un curage ganglionnaire et trois de ces cas presentaient une tumeur persistante. Tous ces patients sont demeures sans maladie au niveau du cou (pour un suivi moyen de 15 mois). Parmi 22 patients sans evidence de maladie ganglionnaire a l'IRM de controle, deux patients ont eu une recidive dans le cou (moyenne de suivi de 26 mois). Conclusion: La chimioradiation concommitante est efficace dans le traitement de la maladie ganglionnaire avancee chez des patients selectionnes. Les patients dont l'IRM de controle ne montre pas de maladie ganglionnaire persistante apres une chimioradiation et qu'on a donc observe ont presente une incidence faible (9%) de recidive ganglionnaire. Quant a ceux qui presentaient des ganglions residuels a l'IRM, nous avons trouve un taux de 19% de maladie persistante a l'examen pathologique. La strategie optimale pour l'evaluation du cou apres chimioradiation n'est pas encore elucidee.
The effect of blood lead on blood pressure in children.

The effect of elevated blood lead levels on the blood pressure of children has not been clearly described. In order to define this association better, we conducted a cross-sectional study, evaluating the association between lead and high blood pressure. Using a Dinamap monitor to measure blood pressures, blood pressures and blood lead levels were measured in 149 children (ages 1-10 years) receiving medical care at the General Medical and Lead Poisoning Clinics at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Blood lead levels ranged from 7 to 70 mg/dL with a mean of 27 mg/dL. The mean systolic blood pressure was 108 mmHg and the mean diastolic reading was 63 mmHg. Higher systolic blood pressure was significantly correlated with increased weight, age, and height. Diastolic pressure was significantly associated with weight and height. There was a small, negative correlation between blood lead levels and systolic blood pressure, and a positive but insignificant correlation between lead levels and diastolic blood pressure. Our study population had both higher mean lead levels and a higher prevalence of hypertension than is true of the U.S. population as a whole. We concluded that elevated blood lead levels are not associated with elevated blood pressure in children.
A new method to measure intracellular diffusible elemental concentration.

I was asked to comment about a new technique that I’ve been developing that allows analysis of very small samples of fluid from muscle cells. I’m trying to estimate the elemental composition of muscle fluid, as close to the in vivo condition as possible.
Anger as Experienced by the Angry Person: Targets, Instigations, and Motives

In the first part of this chapter we describe the subjects who participated in Study I and the general characteristics (e.g., intensity, duration, typicality) of the incidents they reported. The remainder of the chapter is devoted to the three aspects of the object of anger described in Chapter 1: the target-the person or thing at whom the anger is directed; the instigation-the events that precipitated the anger; and the objective-the motive or aim of the angry response.
LIPOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION BY RAT HEPATOCYTE CULTURES: STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIPS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on lipoprotein synthesis and secretion by rat hepatocyte cultures. Parenchymal cells were isolated from the livers of male WAG/rij rats. Isolated cells were first suspended in Leibovitz L-15 medium, including 8.3 mM glucose, 32 mU/mL insulin, penicillin–streptomycin, and 20% fetal calf serum. The latter was excluded after overnight attachment of cells to the Petri dishes. Medium and cells were harvested separately, and lipoproteins were isolated from the culture medium with centrifugation. It was found that rat hepatocyte cultures synthesize and secrete very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) into the culture medium. VLDL is the major lipoprotein isolated from the medium at early time points. With prolonged incubation, there is a notable decrease of VLDL so that after 48 h, VLDL concentration is reduced by 77%. Addition of sodium oleate to the medium resulted in the production of large quantities of VLDL during a 48-hour incubation. Hence, fatty acids become rate limiting substrates for triglyceride synthesis during prolonged incubation in unsupplemented medium.
Convergence and Extension during Germband Elongation in Drosophila Embryos

After the initial infoldings of gastrulation, the ventral region of the Drosophila embryo undergoes a rapid elongation called germband extension. This elongation is produced by intercalation of the more lateral cells as they move toward the ventral midline. In many respects, the process is very similar to the convergent extension which occurs during amphibian gastrulation and to elongation of the archenteron in sea urchins.
All the light that we can see: a new era in miniaturized microscopy

One major challenge in neuroscience is to uncover how defined neural circuits in the brain encode, store, modify, and retrieve information. Meeting this challenge comprehensively requires tools capable of recording and manipulating the activity of intact neural networks in naturally behaving animals. Head-mounted miniature microscopes are emerging as a key tool to address this challenge. Here we discuss recent work leading to the miniaturization of neural imaging tools, the current state of the art in this field, and the importance and necessity of open-source options. We finish with a discussion on what the future may hold for miniature microscopy.
Association of Cytomegalovirus DNA and Immunologic Markers of Cardiovascular Disease.

Author(s): Garg, Ankita; Gianella, Sara; Nakazawa, Masato; Trout, Rodney; Spector, Stephen A | Abstract: BackgroundPersons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) with high cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific interferon (IFN) γ response have increased numbers of endothelium homing receptor (CX3CR1)+-expressing cells that are associated with cardiovascular disease. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of cellular levels of CMV DNA on these markers.MethodsEighty paired peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were collected ≥12 months apart from 40 CMV-seropositive PLWH with suppressed HIV RNA, who started antiretroviral therapy at median of 3-months of infection. The samples were assessed for CMV-specific IFN-γ response by means of enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and participants were classified as low responders (LRs) or high responders (HRs) based on IFN-γ production (≤100 or g100 spot-forming units [SFUs]/105 cells).ResultsOf the 40 participants, 26 (65%) were HRs and 14 (35%) LRs at baseline, which did not change over time or by CMV levels (median at first/second time points, 383/308 SFUs/106 cells for HRs vs 21/41 SFUs/106 for LRs). A decrease in IFN-γ over time was associated with higher CMV DNA levels (P l .01). High CMV response was also associated with increased CD28+CD27-CD4+ T cells expressing CX3CR1 (P l .001). Similarly, increased IFN-γ production was associated with increased CMV-specific CX3CR1+CD28+CD27-CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (P l .001).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that levels of CMV-specific IFN-γ response in PLWH are stable over time, and that HRs have increased circulating T cells expressing CX3CR1 that may put them at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory diseases.
Influence of freshwater flux on 87 Sr/ 86 Sr chronostratigraphy in marginal marine environments and dating of vertebrate and invertebrate faunas

87Sr/86Sr chronostratigraphy is an important tool for dating and correlating vertebrate and invertebrate faunas preserved in marginal marine sequences. Freshwater flux in marginal marine environments can influence the 87Sr/86Sr of mollusks and, consequently, Sr-chronostratigraphic interpretations based upon them. To appraise the potential problem we have used a two-component mixing equation to evaluate levels of “measurable effects” (defined as ±5 × 10-5 departure from the marine 87Sr/86Sr ratio) in marginal marine environments. A measurable effect occurs at 12 parts per thousand salinity for a weighted world average river, but can occur at salinity > 34 ppt for rivers draining basins with ancient granitic rocks. Predictions were tested with analyses of mollusks from estuaries in the Mississippi Sound and coastal Florida. Analyses document the largely regular variation in 87Sr/86Sr predicted, but also show that a simple two-component model cannot account for all of the variation. Carbonates formed in restricted marine settings may not record a marine 87Sr/86Sr signal, emphasizing the need to consider freshwater flux for 87Sr/86Sr chronostratigraphy.
Responsiveness of Life Participation for Parents (LPP®): A Tool for Family-Centered Rehabilitation.

AbstractAims: The Life Participation for Parents (LPP®) is a Quality of Life assessment designed to measure family-centered practice outcomes. Previous studies of the LPP have established its inter...
The Illusion of Consensus: A Failure to Distinguish Between True and False Consensus:

When evaluating information, we cannot always rely on what has been presented as truth: Different sources might disagree with each other, and sometimes there may be no underlying truth. Accordingly...
Microstructure and Strength of Ultrasonic Plus Resistance Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy to Coated Press Hardened Boron Steel

Press-hardened boron steels with ultrahigh strength (above 1500 MPa) are widely used in crash-sensitive safety components in automobiles. Joining such steels to aluminum alloys is challenging due to various factors including the steel’s tenacious Al-Si coating. A novel application of ultrasonic plus resistance spot welding was developed for such dissimilar metal joining. The nugget formation and the interface microstructure especially intermetallics formed were correlated to the joint strength, ductility and failure behavior.
Functional Poly(p-xylylene)s via Chemical Reduction of Poly(p-phenylenevinylene)s

The synthesis of poly(p-xylylene)s (PPXs) with side chains containing alkyl bromide functionality, and their postpolymer modification, is described. The PPXs were prepared by a diimide hydrogenatio...
Cost Analysis of Routine Examination of Pathology Specimens Following Ankle Arthroscopy

Background:Routine submission of pathologic specimens for histologic analysis following orthopedic surgery is a common and often required practice in the United States. Prior orthopedic studies hav...
Observation of intensity dependent phase-separation in photoreactive monomer-nanoparticle formulations under non-uniform visible light irradiation.

We report observations of photopolymerization driven phase-separation in a mixture of a photo-reactive monomer and inorganic nanoparticles. The mixture is irradiated with visible light possessing a periodic intensity profile that elicits photopolymerization along the depth of the mixture, establishing a competition between photo-crosslinking and thermodynamically favorable phase-separating behavior inherent to the system. In situ Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the polymerization reaction and morphology evolution, and reveals a key correlation between irradiation intensity and composite morphology extending the entire depth of the mixture, i.e. unhindered phase-separation at low irradiation intensity and arrested phase-separation at high irradiation intensity. 3D Raman volume mapping and energy dispersive X-ray mapping confirm that the intensity-dependent irradiation process dictates the extent of phase separation, enabling single-parameter control over phase evolution and subsequent composite morphology. These observations can potentially enable a single-step route to develop polymer–inorganic composite materials with tunable morphologies.
Painting, Poetry, and the Invention of Tenderness in the Early Roman Empire

Tenderness is not a notion commonly associated with the Romans, whose mythical origin was attributed to brutal rape. Yet, as Herica Valladares argues in this ground-breaking study, in the second half of the first century BCE Roman poets, artists, and their audience became increasingly interested in describing, depicting, and visualizing the more sentimental aspects of amatory experience. During this period, we see two important and simultaneous developments: Latin love elegy crystallizes as a poetic genre, while a new style in Roman wall painting emerges. Valladares' book is the first to correlate these two phenomena properly, showing that they are deeply intertwined. Rather than postulating a direct correspondence between images and texts, she offers a series of mutually reinforcing readings of painting and poetry that ultimately locate the invention of a new romantic ideal within early imperial debates about domesticity and the role of citizens in Roman society.
A Comparative Study of Inequality and Corruption

This article argues that income inequality increases the level of corruption through material and normative mechanisms. The wealthy have both greater motivation and more opportunity to engage in corruption, whereas the poor are more vulnerable to extortion and less able to monitor and hold the rich and powerful accountable as inequality increases. Inequality also adversely affects social norms about corruption and people's beliefs about the legitimacy of rules and institutions, thereby making it easier for them to tolerate corruption as acceptable behavior. This comparative analysis of 129 countries using two-stage least squares methods with a variety of instrumental variables supports the authors' hypotheses using different measures of corruption (the World Bank's Control of Corruption Index and the Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index). The explanatory power of inequality is at least as important as conventionally accepted causes of corruption such as economic development. The autho...
Asparagine, a Key Metabolite in Cellular Response to Mitochondrial Dysfunction

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) has been an attractive target for cancer therapy due to its essentiality for tumor growth. Krall et al. found that under ETC dysfunction, a decrease in asparagine limits cancer cell proliferation and activates the integrated stress response, creating a therapeutically exploitable metabolic vulnerability.
Communicating Scientific Uncertainty Across the Dissemination Trajectory: A Precision Medicine Case Study:

This study provides an in-depth analysis of how scientific uncertainty was conveyed along the dissemination pathway for a novel discovery linking genomic markers to depression risk. In this article...
Direct evidence of the stacking fault-mediated strain hardening phenomenon

Strain hardening in metallic materials delays catastrophic failure at stresses beyond the yield strength by the formation of obstacles to dislocation motion during plastic deformation. Conventional measurement of the instantaneous strain hardening rate originates from load–displacement data acquired during uniaxial mechanical testing, rather than the evolution of obstacles. In order to resolve hardening from the perspective of the very obstacles that cause strengthening, we used an in situ neutron diffraction experimental approach to determine the strain hardening rate based upon real-time measurement of stacking fault interspacing during plastic deformation. Results provide clear evidence of the evolving contribution of obstacles during plastic deformation. The collapse of interspacing between multiple obstacle types enabled immense strain hardening in a Fe38.5Mn20Cr15Co20Si5Cu1.5 high entropy alloy leading to a true tensile strength of ∼1.7 GPa along with elongation of ∼35% at room temperature.
Longitudinal associations between cancer history and cognitive functioning among older adults

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine (1) whether cancer history accelerates older adults’ rates of cognitive decline over time and (2) whether chemotherapy increases older cancer patients’/ survivors’ rates of cognitive decline over time. Methods This longitudinal study drew a subsample of 8811 adults aged 65 or older from Wave 6 of the Health and Retirement Study in 2002 and followed biennually until Wave 13 in 2016. Linear mixed-effects models were performed to test whether cancer history and chemotherapy were associated with accelerated rates of cognitive decline over time among older adults in different age groups. Results Middle-old adults (aged 75–84) with a cancer history had significantly reduced rates of cognitive decline over time, including the global measure of cognitive functioning (B = 0.16, p Conclusions This study finds that cancer history and chemotherapy do not further exacerbate older adults’ cognitive functioning over time. On the contrary, cancer history shows a “protective” effect on middle-old adults’ cognitive functioning. This encouraging finding indicates that older adults can be more actively engaged in the decision-making of treatments and following care plans. Future mediation studies are needed to further investigate underlying mechanisms.
Emotion Regulation and Substance Use: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract There has been exponential growth in research on emotion regulation and substance use in the past decade. The current meta-analysis evaluated variability in the magnitude of the relation between aspects of emotion regulation and substance use. A search of PsycINFO, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and PILOTS in December 2020 resulted in 6,642 initial studies, of which 95 met inclusion criteria (association between emotion regulation and substance use was reported, participants were > 18 years old, article was in English). A total of 445 effects were obtained (N = 156,025 participants; weighted Mage = 29.31; 59.5% female; 66.1% White; 76.6% non-clinical). Emotion regulation and substance use were significantly related (r = 0.19; p
Introduction to the Structure and Chemistry of the Superconducting Borocarbides and Boronitrides

An introduction in presented to the structure and chemistry of the nickel, palladium, and platinum borocarbide and boronitride superconductors and related phases.
Observed intensity ratios of the N2 1PG bands in aurora

In evaluating the relative importance of direct electron impact vs. cascading in the excitation of the N2 first positive (1PG) system it is necessary to measure accurately the relative intensities of bands from as many different v′ levels as possible to establish the relative populations. Gattinger and Vallance Jones (1974) have obtained measurements of the vibrational development of the system in medium intensity aurora, and have compared their results with various theoretical distributions. Vallance Jones and Gattinger (1972) made similar but less comprehensive measurements on bright aurora and arrived at ratios for I(1,0):I(2,1):I(3,2) which were quite different from those determined in the later paper (Table I).
An explicit-implicit solution of the hydrodynamic and radiation equations

A solution of the coupled radiation-hydrodynamic equations on a median mesh is presented for a transient, three-dimensional, compressible, multimaterial, free-Lagrangian code. The code uses fixed-mass particles surrounded by median Lagrangian cells. These cells are free to change connectivity, which ensures accuracy in the differencing of equations and allows the code to handle extreme distortions. All calculations are done on a median Lagrangian mesh that is constructed from the Delaunay tetrahedral mesh using the Voronoi connection algorithm. Because each tetrahedron volume is shared equally by the four mass points (computational cells) located at the tetrahedron vertices, calculations are done at a tetrahedron level for enhanced computational efficiency, and the rate-of-change data are subsequently accumulated at mass points from these tetrahedral contributions. The hydrodynamic part of the calculations is done using an explicit time-advancement technique, and the radiation calculations are done using a hybrid explicit-implicit time-advancement scheme in the equilibrium-diffusion limit. An explicit solution of the radiation-diffusion equation is obtained for cells that meet the current time-step criterion imposed by the hydrodynamic solution, and a fully implicit point-relaxation solution is obtained elsewhere without defining an inversion matrix. The approach has a distinct advantage over the conventional matrix-inversion approaches, because defining such a matrix for an unstructured grid is both cumbersome and computationally intensive. The new algorithm runs >20 times faster than a matrix-solver approach using the conjugate-gradient technique, and is easily parallelizable on the Cray family of supercomputers. With the new algorithm, the radiation-diffusion part of the calculation runs about twice as fast as the hydrodynamic part of the calculation. The code conserves mass, momentum, and energy exactly, except in some pathological situations.
Chemosterilant Evaluation in Coyotes: Parameters for Animal Selection and Laboratory Methodology

Investigations were conducted to establish criteria for selecting animals used in coyote chemosterilant research. Conclusions based on results from this study indicate that pen-raised pregnant female coyotes are preferable to wild coyotes for evaluating chemicals for abortifacient properties. Dogs were more practical than coyotes for preliminary out-of-season testing of antispermatogenic agents. Wild or pen-raised coyotes were suitable for use when necrotizing agents were used. Selected standard hematologic and blood chemistry determination techniques were applicable for the purpose of monitoring systemic side effects of chemosterilant compounds. Efficacy determination methodology was reviewed for practicality and accuracy. Unilateral testicular ablation was more suitable than biopsy techniques for collection of testicular tissue for histological examination.
Chimeric Mouse Production by Microinjection

The culmination of the creation of a mutation in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is, commonly, the generation of a mouse line that can propagate the mutation. The ability to combine methods of homologous recombination in ES cells with blastocyst-mediated transgenesis has resulted in an explosion of tailored mutant mouse strains. These animals provide research tools that are virtually impossible to create using other methodologies. This unit describes the methods necessary to generate chimeras, from injection of the ES cells into the blastocoel cavity of 3.5-day-old embryos through the implantation of the injected embryos into the foster mother. The resultant pups are true chimeras: their tissues are derived from both the host embryo and from the ES cells. If the ES cells are able to populate the germ line, the chimera can pass an altered gene to offspring, resulting in a new mouse strain in which all cells contain an altered gene.
Silicon in synthesis. C2-C3 annulation using vinyltrimethylsilane as an ethylene equivalent for bicyclo[n.3.0]enone synthesis

Abstract Vinyltrimethylsilane reacts with cyclic α,β -unsaturated acid chlorides in the presence of stannic tetrachloride to give bicyclo[n.3.0]enones.
XAD-4 resin hemoperfusion for digitoxic patients with renal failure.

In normal subjects the major route of digoxin elimination is renal, with digoxin clearance approximating glomerular filtration rate; the maintenance of good renal perfusion and urine flow is vital for the resolution of digoxin toxicity. In subjects with renal failure digoxin half-life is much prolonged [1] and digoxin toxicity can be protracted. We report the clinical course and characteristics of XAD-4 hemoperfusion in three patients with renal failure and refractory manifestations of digoxin toxicity.
"Supernormal conduction" of a premature impulse utilizing the fast pathway in a patient with dual atrioventricular nodal pathways.

Electrophysiological studies with atrial extrastimulus technique suggested the presence of dual atrioventricular (A-V) nodal pathways in a patient with hypothyroidism, as evidenced by a sudden increase of H1-H2 intervals at critical A1-A2 coupling intervals. Following the atrial extrastimulus (A2), a third impulse (A3) occurred spontaneously. During slow pathway conduction of A2, and A3, appearing at a critically timed interval allowed fast pathway conduction, resulting in an earlier than expected QRS (a form of supernormal conduction). This demonstration of fast pathway conduction during slow pathway conduction adds strong evidence for the existence of dual A-V nodal pathways.
Portable Assessment Authoring: using handheld technology to assess collaborative inquiry [1]

This article reports on pilot studies of teachers and students using handheld computers to assess the quality of a complex, hard-to-measure classroom activity: student group work. The work describes the evolution of the prototype software through an 18-month design process involving one upper elementary classroom and two middle school classrooms. Teachers and students used a research-based collaboration assessment rubric over a series of classroom sessions and discussed aggregated results presented in different table and bar chart formats. Study found that teachers and students could use handheld computers for assessments easily and their use did not disrupt the flow of classroom activity. Discussions about aggregated data appeared to support classroom consensus and awareness of social norms for productive group work. Future work would need to focus on making assessment rubric's language more oriented toward teachers' goals for assessment of group work.
The naturally occurring C-17 fatty acid esters of estradiol are long-acting estrogens

Abstract C-17 fatty acid esters of estradiol are naturally occurring biosynthetic metabolites of estradiol. A representative component of this family of esters, estradiol-17-stearate, was studied in order to determine the estrogenic properties of these unusual hydrophobic steroids. Following the classical estrogen bioassay, a solution of this ester in oil was injected subcutaneously into immature rats once a day for 3 days. There was little effect on the uterus on the first day after the third injection. However, on subsequent days a large stimulation of uterine growth occurred. The course of this estrogenic effect was exactly opposite to that obtained with estradiol. In order to eliminate the possibility that this effect on the time course of estrogenic stimulation was caused by increased solubility of the hydrophobic esters in the carrier oil, the steroids were administered to adult ovariectomized animals in aqueous medium via a single intravenous injection. The uterotrophic response to estradiol was maximal at 12 h and was completely dissipated in 48–60 h. Estradiol-17-stearate produced a uterotrophic effect of twice the duration of estradiol. In the immature rat, aqueous intravenous injections of estradiol-17-stearate produced a greater uterotrophic effect than estradiol and this effect was still maximal 96 h later. In addition, this single injection of estradiol-17-stearate advanced the time of vaginal opening, a marker for puberty in the female rat. The mechanism of the prolonged estrogenic stimulation was investigated by studying the steroidal content of the uterus after injecting [ 3 H]estradiol and [ 3 H]estradiol-17-stearate i.v. into immature rats. At 1 and 4 h there was significantly more radioactivity in the uteri of the [ 3 H]estradiol treated animals. At later times (8 h and onwards) the total radioactivity in the uterus did not differ appreciably between the two groups. However at these later times, the amount of [ 3 H]estradiol was far greater in the uteri of animals receiving [ 3 H]estradiol-17-stearate. Consequently, the prolonged estrogenic effects of the endogenous C-17 fatty acid esters of estradiol are caused by the increased duration of the estrogenic signal. It is hypothesized that one of the roles of the fatty acid is to protect the steroid nucleus from metabolism and thereby prolong the life of the parent C 18 steroid. Thus. the results of these experiments are consistent with this family of endogenous alkyl esters of estradiol having a physiological role as long-acting estrogens.
Psychiatric advance directives

Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) have been legally defined in 12 states and implemented in all but 9. PADs may prevent unwanted treatment and identify preferred treatment. They may also allow mentally ill persons to exercise autonomous control over care even during periods of illness-induced incompetence. PADs can be beneficial for intermittently psychotic patients who have a trusted health care provider and a surrogate decision maker. Because of the growing interest in the use of PADs, nurses should be informed about the intended purposes, benefits, and drawbacks of them.
Urban vehicle cycle criteria for identification

In the urban operations (UO) environment, it may be necessary to identify various vehicles that can be referred to as non-traditional vehicles. A police vehicle might require a different response than a civilian vehicle, or a tactical vehicle. This research reports the measured 50% probability of identification cycle criteria (N50s and V50s) required to identify a different vehicle set than previously researched at NVESD. Longwave infrared (LWIR) and midwave infrared (MWIR) imagery of twelve vehicles at twelve different aspects was collected. Some of the vehicles in this confusion set include an ambulance, a police sedan, a HMMWV, and a pickup truck. This set of vehicles represents those commonly found in urban environments. The images were blurred to reduce the number of resolvable cycles. The results of the human perception experiments allowed the 50% probability of identification cycle criteria (N50s and V50s) to be measured. These results will allow the modeling of sensor performance in the urban terrain for infrared imagers.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.