cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of switching to another tobacco product to quit smoking cigarettes.

INTRODUCTION Using nationally representative data, we assessed the prevalence and correlates of cigarette smokers who tried switching to smokeless tobacco (SLT) or to other combusted tobacco (OCT) products to quit. METHODS Data came from 12,400 current or former adult smokers who made a quit attempt in the past year and responded to the 2010-2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Demographics and smoking characteristics were computed among those switching to SLT, switching to OCT, or trying to quit without using either strategy. Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression models identified correlates of using each strategy. RESULTS Overall, 3.1% of smokers tried switching to SLT to quit, 2.2% tried switching to OCT, and 0.6% tried both strategies. Compared to those not using either switching strategy to try to quit, males were more likely than females to try switching to SLT or OCT; Blacks were less likely than Whites to try switching to SLT, but more likely to try switching to OCT; younger age groups were more likely to try switching to SLT or OCT; current someday smokers were more likely to have try switching to SLT (vs. everyday smokers), while recent former smokers were more likely to have tried switching to OCT. Both switching groups were more likely to have used cessation medication versus those not using switching strategies. CONCLUSION Data suggest that switching to other tobacco products is a prevalent cessation approach; messages are needed to help clinicians encourage smokers who try to quit by switching to use evidence-based cessation approaches.
Spindle Cell Lipoma of the Parotid

Abstract A 47-year-old man presented to the otolaryngologist with a 7-year history of a mass of the cheek. Fine-needle aspiration revealed foci of spindled cells admixed with abundant fat and myxoid material. A diagnosis of spindle cell lipoma was rendered on the resected specimen. The cytologic findings of spindle cell lipoma of the parotid gland as seen by fine-needle aspiration are presented along with the histologic correlates.
The Virtual Reality Lateralized Attention Test: Sensitivity and validity of a new clinical tool for assessing hemispatial neglect

In previous investigations, we demonstrated that a virtual reality navigation test developed in our laboratory is a sensitive and valid measure of hemispatial neglect and real-world navigation skills. In the present study we extend these results through development of a version of the test that does not rely on specialized equipment. The study aimed to replicate previous demonstrations of the sensitivity of the test, now called the Virtual Reality Lateralized Attention Test (VRLAT), to subtle attentional deficits in a larger sample of consecutively-recruited right hemisphere stroke patients, and to further enhance the testpsilas sensitivity via the addition of a new task level with moving distractors. Eighteen right-hemisphere stroke patients performed the new version of the VRLAT and a battery of standard neglect and attention tests. The VRLAT strongly predicted performance on the other neglect tasks; moreover, the VRLAT detected lateralized attention deficits in 3 patients who performed within the normal range on traditional paper-and-pencil tasks. The VRLAT is a sensitive, valid measure of lateralized attention and navigation ability, and the current version is inexpensive and easy to administer, rendering it a useful tool for clinical assessment.
Impact of Health Insurance Expansions on Nonelderly Adults With Hypertension.

Introduction Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death in the United States. The treatment and control of hypertension is inadequate, especially among patients without health insurance coverage. The Affordable Care Act offered an opportunity to improve hypertension management by increasing the number of people covered by insurance. This study predicts the long-term effects of improved hypertension treatment rates due to insurance expansions on the prevalence and mortality rates of CVD of nonelderly Americans with hypertension.
God, Fine-Tuning, and the Problem of Old Evidence

The fundamental constants that are involved in the laws of physics which describe our universe are finely-tuned for life, in the sense that if some of the constants had slightly different values life could not exist. Some people hold that this provides evidence for the existence of God. I will present a probabilistic version of this fine-tuning argument which is stronger than all other versions in the literature. Nevertheless, I will show that one can have reasonable opinions such that the fine-tuning argument doesn’t lead to an increase in one’s probability for the existence of God.
Gradual training reduces the challenge to lateral balance control during practice and subsequent performance of a novel locomotor task

Abstract Locomotor balance control mechanisms and impairments have been well described in the literature. In contrast, the role of evidence-based motor learning strategies in the recovery or restoration of locomotor balance control has received much less attention. Little is known about the efficacy of motor learning strategies to improve locomotor tasks and their unique requirements, such as lateral balance control. This study examined whether gradual versus sudden training influenced lateral balance control among unimpaired adults ( n =16) during training and 24-h transfer performance of a novel locomotor task. This was accomplished by examining the variability of whole-body frontal plane kinematics throughout training and 24-h transfer performance of asymmetric split-belt treadmill walking. Compared to sudden training, gradual training significantly reduced the challenge to lateral balance control (exhibited by a reduction in frontal plane kinematic variability) during training and during subsequent transfer task performance. These results indicate that gradual training could play an important role in restoring locomotor balance control during physical rehabilitation.
Kinetic interpretation of the glass transition: Glass temperatures of n-alkane liquids and polyethylene

On the basis of an isoviscosity criterion for the glass transition (ηg ⋍ 1013 poise) in liquids of low molecular weight, theoretical Tg values were calculated for the n-alkane series by the equation log η = log A + B/(T − T0), with the use of values reported by Lewis for the parameters. The Tg/T0 ratio reaches a limiting value of 1.25 and ϕg = (Tg − T0)/2.3B = 0.027, a constant. Extrapolation to (CH2)∞ gives Tg = 200°K., T0 = 160°K., and B = 640°K. This Tg is consistent with other estimates for poly-ethylene, and T0 coincides with the temperature at which the “excess” liquid entropy for (CH2)∞ becomes zero from thermodynamic data. For polymer liquids it is proposed that E0 = 2.3RB is determined by the internal barriers to rotation for the “isolated” polymer chains. Thus, E0 = 2.9 kcal./mole for polyethylene, 3.0 kcal./mole for polystyrene, 5.7 kcal./mole for polyisobutylene, and 1.9 kcal./mole for polydimethylsiloxane.
Learning Disabled Programs in California Community Colleges

In a survey of the 106 California Community Colleges, it was found that over 75% operated formal programs for the learning disabled, while an additional 12% provided informal services for their LD student population. Though diversity existed among the college LD programs surveyed, a consistency of process and practice was evident. Most colleges provided similar means for the identification and diagnosis of potential LD students and in the support services delivered. More specifically, LD programming similarities were demonstrated in intake interviewing, referral procedure and agencies, assessment tools, personnel, counseling and availability of a learning center.Based on the model provided by the California Community Colleges, these recommendations are made for adoption by others who wish to implement LD programming at the post-secondary level: (a) a defined identification and assessment approach, IEP development, and delivery system; (b) collection of assessment data on all students that measures discrep...
Detection of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 serovar in Gulf of Mexico water and shellfish using real-time PCR with Taqman® fluorescent probes

We describe a real-time multiplexed PCR method using Taqman® probes for the detection of total and pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6 serovar in oysters and Gulf of Mexico water (gulf water). The specificity of these primers and probes was tested for amplification of a 450 bp thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) and a 369 bp ORF8 amplicon representing all V. parahaemolyticus and post-1996 clinical isolates of pandemic serovar O3:K6, respectively. The sensitivity of detection was 10 pg purified DNA or 103 CFU in 1 mL pure culture. Enrichment of this pathogen in oyster tissue homogenate or gulf water for 5 or 8 h resulted in the detection of an initial inoculum of 1 CFU in 1 mL or 1 g of samples. Application of the Taqman® PCR assay on natural oysters exhibited a positive detection of V. parahaemolyticus, ranging from 16% to 100% of the samples collected primarily during the summer months. None of the samples exhibited a positive detection of O3:K6 serovar. Rapid and sensitive detection of this pathogen will help shellfish industry and Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference (ISSC) undertake appropriate measures to monitor this pathogen in oysters and oyster-growing waters, thereby preventing disease outbreaks and consequently protecting consumer health.
Newer Understanding of Eye Issues in Craniofacial Malformations

Pediatric patients with craniofacial abnormalities face unique challenges requiring early intervention and longitudinal care for their ocular and systemic problems. Non-syndromic and syndromic craniosynostoses involve asymmetric development of the cranial vault and facial bones, which frequently leads to ophthalmic manifestations, including strabismus, refractive error, and visual field losses. In recent years, ophthalmologists, craniofacial surgeons, and pediatricians involved in caring for craniosynostosis patients have found that timely surgery and monitoring, using refined devices such as spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, can lead to improved quality of life and prognosis for these patients. We review relevant literature from the past 5 years describing and managing ocular symptoms of craniosynostosis.
Moving Users, Moving Results: Exploring Customer Engagement for Deeper Relationships

Successful businesses know that customers make purchase decisions based on a complex bundle of rational and emotional factors that vary in degree and importance depending upon the context. In crowded markets where potential customers have many comparable options, it is often the emotional relationships that they have with businesses that influence where they spend their dollars. Recognizing this reality, businesses have been shifting from transacting with customers to “engaging” with them. This article outlines the need for librarians to understand engagement more fully, and it points to guidance from the business literature on how to define and create engagement.
Synthetic Elaboration of Indole Derivatives using Cycloaddition Reactions

Two types of cycloaddition reactions have found application for the synthetic elaboration of indoles. One is Diels–Alder reactions of 2- and 3-vinylindoles, which yield partially hydrogenated carbazoles. The second is cycloaddition reactions of 2,3-indolequinodimethane intermediates, which also construct the carbazole framework. Diels–Alder reactions reported for both 2-vinyl and 3-vinylindoles involve typical electrophilic dienophiles, such as benzoquinone, N-phenylmaleimide and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. These symmetrical dienophiles raise no issues of regioselectivity. 2-Vinylindoles have been of interest in the synthesis of both aspidosperma and iboga alkaloids. The structural relationship between these two groups can be illustrated by two alternative intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions of the putative (biosynthetic) intermediate dehydrosecodine. Despite several efforts, the closest synthetic approach to dehydrosecodine that has been achieved is release of the N-benzyl derivative from a Cr(CO) 3 complex. Under these conditions, the aspidosperma pathway dominates over the iboga. Addition of a 4-silyloxy substituent to the dihydropyridine ring makes the iboga pathway the preferred one. The retrosynthetic concept embodied in the disconnection of both the aspidosperma and iboga structures to dehydrosecodine has been used to develop syntheses of both types of alkaloids.
The Diffiulties the Secondary School Leaders Experience in the Curriculum Management Which is one of the Components of Education

In this study, identifying the obstacles to the components of educational leadership of secondary school leaders is aimed. By means of this study, it has been understood that the number of female teachers are less than male teachers. When the rate of educational degree of the leaders who are under this study have been researched, it has been understood that the group that has master degree is composed of the majority of teachers; license and decorate degree have followed them. When the results about obstacles of management skills of curriculum have been researched, motivating everybody to be able to reach the School Vision, making everybody feel that their ideas are important, and making them feel equal among all staffs have taken the fist three ranks. At the end of the analysis, in addition, it has been understood that when the differences between ages of the group under the study have been searched, the older ones had more problems; when the differences between genders have been researched female had more problems than male. According to the results of the study a series of suggestions has been offered concerning preventing obstacles and for improving academic level of staffs.
Health Disparities in the Immunoprevention of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Malignancies

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes about 1.6% of the roughly 1.6 million new cancer cases that are diagnosed in the United States each year. Despite the proven safety and efficacy of currently available vaccines, HPV remains the most common sexually transmitted infection. Underlying the high prevalence of HPV infection is the poor adherence to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation that all 11-12 year old males and females be vaccinated. In fact, only about 38% and 14% of eligible females and males respectively, receive the complete, three-dose immunization. Many factors are associated with missed HPV vaccination opportunities, including race, age, family income and patient education, resulting in widespread disparities in vaccination rates and related health outcomes. Beyond patient circumstance, however, research indicates that the rigor and consistency of recommendation by primary care providers also plays a significant role in uptake of HPV immunization. Health disparities data are of vital importance to HPV vaccination campaigns because they can provide insight into how to address current problems and allocate limited resources where they are most needed. Furthermore, even modest gains in populations with low vaccination rates may yield great benefits because HPV immunization has been shown to provide herd immunity, indirect protection for non-immunized individuals achieved by limiting the spread of an infectious agent through a population. HPV vaccination campaigns face the challenge of stagnant HPV immunization rates, which are increasing slowly overall but remain far below target levels. Furthermore, gains in immunization are not equal across all groups and vaccination rates are strikingly disparate across the federal poverty level. To achieve the greatest impact, public health campaigns should focus on improving vaccination coverage where it is weakest. In addition to demographics, socioeconomic factors and attitudes of parents, children and healthcare providers, vaccination efforts should take into account disparities in the of prevalence of factors that can exacerbate HPV-related health outcomes such as smoking and human immunodeficiency virus-mediated immunosuppression. Optimizing the efficacy of vaccination campaigns will require a health disparities approach that identifies and remedies the underlying causes of population differences in HPV vaccination.
Charge retention of soft-landed phosphotungstate Keggin anions on self-assembled monolayers

Soft landing of mass-selected ions onto surfaces often results in partial loss of charge that may affect the structure and reactivity of deposited species. In this study, Keggin phosphotungstate anions in two selected charge states, PW12O40(3-) (WPOM(3-)) and PW12O40(2-) (WPOM(2-)), were soft-landed onto different self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surfaces and examined using in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Partial retention of the 3- charge was observed when WPOM(3-) was soft-landed onto the fluorinated SAM (FSAM), while the charge state distribution was dominated by the 2- charge after both WPOM(3-) and WPOM(2-) were deposited onto a hydrophilic alkylthiol SAM terminated with cationic NH3(+) functional groups (NH3(+)SAM). We found that during the course of the soft landing of WPOM(3-), the relative abundance of WPOM(3-) on FSAM decreased while that of WPOM(2-) increased. We propose that the higher stability of immobilized WPOM(2-) in comparison with WPOM(3-) makes it the preferred charge state of WPOM on both the FSAM and NH3(+)SAM. We also observe weaker binding of WPOM anions to SAMs in comparison with phosphomolybdate ions (MoPOM) reported previously (J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 27611-27622). The weaker binding of WPOM to SAMs is attributed to the lower reactivity of WPOM reported in the literature. This study demonstrates that both the charge retention and the reactivity of deposited anionic POM clusters on surfaces are determined by the type of addenda metal atoms in the cluster.
Islamic Economics Rules and the Stock Market: Evidence from the United States

In the Islamic framework of stock markets there is no predetermined interest rate, excess speculative activities and asymmetric information. In these markets there are good intentions in trades and stocks are obtained not in vanities. It has been shown that debt financing and economic waste through excess speculative activities cause a reduction in stock price and returns. A model of stock price for a large country was developed and tested for the S&P 500 Index. It was found interest rate, outstanding government debt and deficits result in a reduction of stock price for the sample period of 1973 Q1 – 2011 Q4. It was also found that the excessive speculative activities during the 1871 Q1 – 2011 Q4 period resulted in bubbly stock prices in the United States and the excess speculative activities added misleading information to stock prices so that stock returns fell.
New Technology and Laboratory Medicine: Four Paradigms for the Future

Laboratory medicine has always been profoundly influenced by technology, an area in which development has been stimulated by reimbursement policies for many years. Changes in the mechanics of health care delivery and reimbursement are now changing the directions of technology development. With the imposition of strong downward cost pressures and the realization that health care is fundamentally an information industry, four new paradigms can be expected to influence the future development of technology: (1) information is the most critical institutional resource, (2) faster is better, (3) people are the most expensive resource, and (4) everyone wants more control. This article examines the background of each paradigm and its influence on laboratory practice and technology in the next decade and beyond.
A Cautious Assessment of the RMB Exchange Rate Level and Relevant Policies

Through an examination of the exchange rate movement in recent ten years and a comparison between nominal effective exchange rate and actual exchange rate, they are shown that the RMB currency is stronger than other major currencies in their trends of exchange rate and its value is not underestimated. China's trade surplus and higher foreign exchange reserves have no necessary connection with RMB's underestimation. Moreover, it is ill founded that the currency deflation in U. S., Japan, etc., is attributable to RMB's lower exchange rate. Consequently, we should not alter the level of RMB exchange rate at random and artificially at present, but should improve our exchange control system and formation mechanisms of RMB exchange rate.
Damage control immunoregulation: is there a role for low-volume hypertonic saline resuscitation in patients managed with damage control surgery?

Hypertonic saline (HTS) is beneficial in the treatment of head-injured patients as a result of its potent cytoprotective effects on various cell lines. We hypothesize that low-volume resuscitation ...
Preference for Positive Skewness and Expected Stock Returns

This paper investigates the role of skewness preference in cross-sectional pricing of NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stocks over the long sample period of January 1926-December 2005 as well as two subsamples. Portfolio-level analyses and the firm-level cross-sectional regressions indicate a negative and significant relation between total skewness and expected stock returns. After controlling for size, book-to-market, momentum, liquidity, and idiosyncratic volatility, the negative relation between total skewness and expected returns remains economically and statistically significant. These results hold for the NYSE stocks, after screening for size, price, and liquidity, and they are also robust across different sample periods. We decompose total skewness into idiosyncratic and systematic components and find a significantly negative relation between idiosyncratic skewness and the cross-section of expected returns, whereas there is no evidence for a significant link between systematic skewness and average stock returns.
Mediazation and Marginalization of the Feminine in Böll’s Lost Honor of Katharina Blum

Boll’s most popular novel, The Lost Honor of Katharina Blum, presents a storyline that is painfully germane four decades later since it is not only a commentary on the increasing dangers of unbridled state power and media propaganda, but is also a comment on how women were (and are) marginalized. Blum is implicated in the criminal acts of Communism seemingly because she spent the night with an alleged Communist. From merely meeting someone at a party, Blum is besieged by the media, especially the News journalist Totges, who does everything in his power to obfuscate the facts and make Katharina’s life a nightmare. Boll writes adroitly about how Katharina has become marginalized and abused by the media merely for the sake of corporate profit.
Class 1, 2, and 3 Scattering

Scattering processes have been most successful in imaging and characterization of biologic tissues. In the traditional sense scattering may be defined as the change of amplitude, frequency, phase velocity, or direction of propagation of a wave as a result of spatial or temporal nonuniformities of the medium. The inhomogeneities arise because of variations in compressibility or acoustic impedance differences. In this section, we almost exclusively treat scattering as a phenomenon of redirection of energy in space. A few techniques that are currently used to extract quantitative information about the nature of the tissues in the echo mode are discussed.
Change of Discourses: Theoretical Perspectives for US Teacher Education

This chapter takes a slightly different approach to the topic of discourse and change in this volume. The general thesis is this: Discourses mean change. Change occurs when discourses emerge and decline and within them. Change also takes place as discourses relate one to others. Finally change is also inherent in various theories of discourse that differ from each other since their application changes understanding of discursive content. The chapter is structured around an actual teacher education event whose text references are turned and returned to throughout. Its current discursive formulation is a couplet of teaching-and-learning. A first step in chapter development is a two part historical situating in an educational and societal moment. Following from this, three theoretical perspectives on discourse are explicated and applied. These are from James Gee and via Michel Foucault, Hayden White and Ian Hacking. Three ‘theories’, of use, of identity, and function emerge whose understanding particularly problematizes a teacher education emphasis on agency.
Does cryotherapy improve skin circulation compared with compression and elevation in preventing venous leg ulcers

This trial compared skin blood flow, temperature and incidence of venous leg ulcers in patients with chronic venous disease using compression wraps and elevation pillows. Patients with CEAP C4 skin damage and C5 history of ulcers were randomly assigned to a cryotherapy intervention (n = 138) or placebo cuff control (n = 138) applied to the lower legs over 9 months. The time the ulcers healed prior to enrollment in the study for the cryotherapy group ranged from 1 to 2218 days (n = 8, median = 32 days); for the control group, the range was 24 to 489 days (n = 6, median = 390 days). There were no statistically significant blood flow changes measured in perfusion units with a laser Doppler flowmetre within or between the groups; mean difference between the groups was 0·62, P = 0·619. No differences were noted in skin temperature measured with an infrared thermometer within and between the groups; mean difference between the groups was -0·17°C, P = 0·540. Cryotherapy did not improve skin blood flow or temperature and did not show efficacy in preventing ulcers. However, at least 30% of intervention and 50% of control participants were anticipated to develop an ulcer during the study; only ∼7% occurred. These findings suggest that strict adherence to standard of care decreases the incidence of leg ulcers and remains a best practice for leg ulcer prevention.
A case of complexity in the Latin American family. Tracing the Galleno Villafán history

The complexity and diversity of many Latin America families create a peculiar space of real as well as phantasmagoric presences. The Latin American history draws upon multicultural and multiethnic references that are at times untraceable. Latin American fa milies develop in this context often unaware of the constant transformation and amalgamation impacting the personal and communal consciousness. Yet memory anchors their evolutional reference and serves to create an identity. In this essay, I present a case study of family complexity and the relevance of memory in defining or forming family identity. This is the Galleno Villafan family, my family that evolved from Peruvians and immigrants.
A doubly robust estimator for the average treatment effect in the context of a mean-reverting measurement error

One of the main limitations of causal inference methods is that they rely on the assumption that all variables are measured without error. A popular approach for handling measurement error is simulation-extrapolation (SIMEX). However, its use for estimating causal effects have been examined only in the context of an additive, non-differential, and homoscedastic classical measurement error structure. In this article we extend the SIMEX methodology, in the context of a mean reverting measurement error structure, to a doubly robust estimator of the average treatment effect when a single covariate is measured with error but the outcome and treatment and treatment indicator are not. Throughout this article we assume that an independent validation sample is available. Simulation studies suggest that our method performs better than a naive approach that simply uses the covariate measured with error.
Network Control Mechanisms—Cellular Milieu

Abstract The brain is a highly effective integrator and processor of sensory-motor signaling, which results from the synergistic and coordinated actions of neurons, glial cells, and the external milieu. Brain neurons form functional networks and communicate via chemical and electrical synapses, as well as diffusion (or volume) transmission and ephaptic transmission. Therefore, the external milieu supports both neuronal function and interneuronal communication. This chapter discusses the role of the external milieu in determining the effectiveness of neuronal networks. Various biophysical properties of the external milieu contribute to the effectiveness of neuronal network operation, including the presence of specific neuroactive compounds and ions in the extracellular fluid, the level of oxygen, the brain temperature, neuronal and glial communication, and the spatiotemporal distribution of inputs.
Glycan Markers as Potential Immunological Targets in Circulating Tumor Cells.

We present here an experimental approach for exploring a new class of tumor biomarkers that are overexpressed by circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and are likely targetable in immunotherapy against tumor metastasis. Using carbohydrate microarrays, anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were scanned against a large panel of carbohydrate antigens to identify potential tumor glycan markers. Subsequently, flow cytometry and fiber-optic array scanning technology (FAST) were applied to determine whether the identified targets are tumor-specific cell-surface markers and are, therefore, likely suitable for targeted immunotherapy. Finally, the tumor glycan-specific antibodies identified were validated using cancer patients’ blood samples for their performance in CTC-detection and immunotyping analysis. In this article, identifying breast CTC-specific glycan markers and targeting mAbs serve as examples to illustrate this tumor biomarker discovery strategy.
Induced moment antiferromagnet in an external magnetic field—I: Molecular field theory

Abstract The behavior of a two-level induced moment antiferromagnet in an external magnetic field is investigated in the molecular field approximation. A significant reduction in the critical field and in the sublattice magnetizations is shown. However, the total magnetization rises more rapidly with field and can remain at large value in an external field even at T = 0. The magnetic susceptibility also remains finite at T = 0 in contrast to the case of a permanent moment Ising antiferromagnet. The effects of a ferromagnetic next-nearest neighbor interaction are then examined. It is shown that, in contrast to the usual Ising antiferromagnets, the ferromagnetic coupling has to exceed a certain value depending on the crystal field strength and the antiferromagnetic interaction, to allow for a first order phase transition in a field to occur even at zero temperature.
Weisfeiler-Lehman Neural Machine for Link Prediction

In this paper, we propose a next-generation link prediction method, Weisfeiler-Lehman Neural Machine (WLNM), which learns topological features in the form of graph patterns that promote the formation of links. WLNM has unmatched advantages including higher performance than state-of-the-art methods and universal applicability over various kinds of networks. WLNM extracts an enclosing subgraph of each target link and encodes the subgraph as an adjacency matrix. The key novelty of the encoding comes from a fast hashing-based Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) algorithm that labels the vertices according to their structural roles in the subgraph while preserving the subgraph's intrinsic directionality. After that, a neural network is trained on these adjacency matrices to learn a predictive model. Compared with traditional link prediction methods, WLNM does not assume a particular link formation mechanism (such as common neighbors), but learns this mechanism from the graph itself. We conduct comprehensive experiments to show that WLNM not only outperforms a great number of state-of-the-art link prediction methods, but also consistently performs well across networks with different characteristics.
A Tale of Two Epidemics - HCV Treatment among Native Americans and Veterans.

In recent years, the Department of Veterans Affairs health care system has mounted a response to hepatitis C that should be the envy of any health system. On the other hand, the Indian Health Service is struggling to meet the needs of its patients with hepatitis C.
Border Crossings: Animals, Tricksters and Shape-Shifters in Modern Native American Fiction

Animals, tricksters, shape-shifters and stories of the earth’s creation are all recurring elements in the folklore and mythology of Native American oral and literary traditions. Many contemporary Native American novelists, including Louise Erdrich, Thomas King and Gerald Vizenor, have drawn on these traditional stories to blur the boundaries between animals and humans, native and non-native cultures, and the earthly world and the fantastic.
Exploring the place of financial status in the good life: Income and meaning in life

Two studies examined the association between income and meaning in life (MIL). Study 1 (N = 781) demonstrated that income and other measures of financial status are positively associated with MIL a...
Estimating inertia distribution to enhance power system dynamics

The understanding of power system characteristics and their impact on system behavior can lead to improved dynamic performances. Based on the Center of Inertia (COI) concept, this paper presents a practical study on the inertia distribution estimation, which can be used to both planning in long time scale and operation in short time scale, to meet with increasing renewable integration level in the future power system. Two indices are created to calculate the inertia distribution over the grid. Specifically, it is found that the proposed indices are highly related to the grid structure, and also they are affected by different parameters such as inertia constant, line parameters, terminal voltage set point of synchronous machines and models of exciters and governors. With these characteristics, the proposed indices have the potential to be applied on problems such as the placement of phasor measurement units or energy storage systems and generators coherency detection. Simulation results in a radial system, a meshed system and the IEEE 39-bus test system verify the characteristic of the proposed indices and show their potential applications in modern power systems.
Software-Defined Networking-Based Models for Secure Interoperability of Manufacturing Operations

In recent years, cloud manufacturing, together with cyber-physical systems and shop-floor virtualization, acts as a disruptor from traditional manufacturing operations, and allows moving from production-oriented manufacturing to customer- and service-oriented manufacturing networks. As cloud manufacturing operations increase in volume and complexity, there is a need to better define the actual network infrastructure. While exiting IP networks, with adequate security measures in place, are appropriate for cloud applications, enhanced approaches such as software-defined networks are already in use for several domains. Given the sensitivity and timely requirements of manufacturing packet transmissions, software-defined networks are a promising solution for manufacturing operations, as well. Moreover, as cloud manufacturing operations expand to different actors, interoperability factor also becomes a critical requirement. Legacy and proprietary systems need to communicate with each other in a secure and timely fashion, which requires common standards and practices in place. This paper proposes a manufacturing interoperability framework built on the software-defined networking principles that can be easily programmed from the packet transmission point of view. Related to manufacturing packet route programming and its advantages compared to IP routing algorithms, the security aspects of the software-defined networks are also emphasized. Legacy control systems were built for limited frequent software changes or updates. However, networking legacy systems with the new cyber-physical systems for cloud manufacturing applications requires frequent system and security updates. Software-defined networking enables the needed system updates and thus enhances interoperability.
Internal Variability and Disequilibrium Confound Estimates of Climate Sensitivity from Observations

An emerging literature suggests that estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) derived from recent observations and energy balance models are biased low because models project more positive climate feedback in the far future. Here we use simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) to show that across models, ECS inferred from the recent historical period (1979-2005) is indeed almost uniformly lower than that inferred from simulations subject to abrupt increases in CO2-radiative forcing. However, ECS inferred from simulations in which sea surface temperatures are prescribed according to observations is lower still. ECS inferred from simulations with prescribed sea surface temperatures is strongly linked to changes to tropical marine low clouds. However, feedbacks from these clouds are a weak constraint on long-term model ECS. One interpretation is that observations of recent climate changes constitute a poor direct proxy for long-term sensitivity.
Structure and Solution Dynamics of Lithium Methyl Carbonate as a Protective Layer For Lithium Metal

Lithium methyl carbonate (LMC) is synthesized in a single step and investigated as a coating material for Li protection. The LMC layer can be formed in situ during Li plating on Cu foil. The chemical and crystal structure of the ∼1 μm thick coating is confirmed, which remains intact during lithium cycling. SEM also confirms the dissolution of the LMC layer after being transferred into the commercial LiPF6-carbonate electrolyte. Presaturating the electrolyte with LMC powder prevents the dissolution of the LMC coating layer, which improves the Li plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency from 90.5% (bare Cu in commercial electrolyte) to 96.1% at 0.5 mA cm–2 and 1 mAh cm–2.
The Impact of Small Disjuncts on Classifier Learning

Many classifier induction systems express the induced classifier in terms of a disjunctive description. Small disjuncts are those that classify few training examples. These disjuncts are interesting because they are known to have a much higher error rate than large disjuncts and are responsible for many, if not most, of all classification errors. Previous research has investigated this phenomenon by performing ad hoc analyses of a small number of data sets. In this chapter we provide a much more systematic study of small disjuncts and analyze how they affect classifiers induced from 30 real-world data sets. A new metric, error concentration, is used to show that for these 30 data sets classification errors are often heavily concentrated toward the smaller disjuncts. Various factors, including pruning, training set size, noise, and class imbalance are then analyzed to determine how they affect small disjuncts and the distribution of errors across disjuncts. This analysis provides many insights into why some data sets are difficult to learn from and also provides a better understanding of classifier learning in general.We believe that such an understanding is critical to the development of improved classifier induction algorithms.
The Phacoexcavator: A New Approach to Lentectomy

Before discussing a new instrument and technique designed for the removal of a cataract during vitrectomy, I would like to present a short review of the most commonly accepted methods.
Anisotropy of conducting p states and 11 B nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in Mg 1 − x Al x B 2

We calculated the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate in the ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ system and found that the orbital relaxation mechanism dominates over the dipolar and Fermi-contact mechanisms in ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2},$ whereas in ${\mathrm{AlB}}_{2}$ due to a smaller density of states and strong anisotropy of boron p orbitals the relaxation is completely determined by Fermi-contact interaction. The results for ${\mathrm{MgB}}_{2}$ are compared with existing experimental data. To validate the theory, nuclear resonance experiments for the studied diboride alloy system are needed.
Associations of knowledge of Alzheimer's disease and memory loss and employment status with burden in African American and Caucasian family caregivers.

Caring for an individual living with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia is especially challenging and impacts every aspect of the lives of the family caregivers. Family caregiving is d...
Rules in the Legal Process

This article, after distinguishing legal rules from more general legal principles, discusses standard types of legal rules; their political, social, and institutional functions; the choice between an emphasis on specific rules and an emphasis on official discretion in legal institutions and processes; the interaction between legal rules and ‘interpretive communities’ in constraining legal decision-making; different styles of rule-application; and factors which influence the ways in which legal decision makers employ legal rules.
Investigation of the User Experience and Effects of Compression on the Body

This paper outlines an ongoing PhD dissertation research, seeking to explore the user experience of a non-traditional form of haptic modality --- compression, through the use of computer-mediated on-body compression systems with embedded active materials that are capable of being simultaneously functional, remotely-controllable, and inconspicuous. The motivation for this work is to address the need to expand our understanding of different haptic sensations, in this case, the objective and subjective effects of compression on a user, as well as how might the use of active, dynamically-controllable garments affect traditional compression garment use paradigms.
Dominant Designs for Widespread Adoption? The Case of Alternative Designs in the Diffusion of Enterprise Architecture

Prior research has suggested that for widespread adoption to occur, dominant designs are necessary in order to stabilize and diffuse the innovation across organizations. This study explores the possibility of alternative designs, or stable and tenacious forms of implementation, at the presence of widespread adoption. In other words, is it possible for widespread adoption to occur with alternative designs instead of dominant designs? Using the data from the diffusion of Enterprise Architecture across the 50 U.S. State governments, the study shows that there are five alternative designs of Enterprise Architecture across all States, and each acts as a stable and autonomous form of implementation. These findings enhance our collective knowledge on innovation adoption, and suggest a potential research trajectory for innovation studies.
Competition between co-dominant plants of the Serengeti plains depends on competitor identity, water, and urine

Kyllinga nervosa (Steud.) and Sporobolus kentrophyllus (K. Schum.) are co-dominant plants of the Serengeti short-grass plains, Tanzania. The plains are characterized by seasonal and sporadic rainfall and currently support in excess of 1.5 million migratory ungulates. The interactive effect of simulated bovine urine and water availability were tested on the competitive interactions of these species in the laboratory.
Psychedelic science as cosmic play, psychedelic humanities as perennial polemics? Or why we are still fighting over Max Weber’s Science as a Vocation:

If it was indeed the fate of scientific work to become obsolete within 10–15 years, as Max Weber contended in Science as a Vocation, why does the Journal of Classical Sociology publish this article...
Postoperative management of lung transplant recipients

Despite advances in surgical technique, lung transplantation is associated with worse survival when compared with other solid organ transplantations. Graft dysfunction and infection are the leading causes of mortality in the first 30 days following transplantation. Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of reperfusion injury that occurs early after transplantation. Management of PGD is mainly supportive with use of lung protective ventilation. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used in severe cases. Bacterial pneumonias are the most common infectious complication in the immediate post transplant period, but invasive fungal infections may also occur. Other potential complications in the postoperative period include atrial arrhythmias and neurologic complications such as stroke. There is a lack of multicenter, randomized trials to guide ventilation strategies, infection prophylaxis, and treatment of atrial arrhythmias, therefore prevention and management of post-transplant complications vary by transplant center.
Synthesis of perimidine and 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives using tamed Brønsted acid, BF3–H2O

Abstract The one pot synthesis of perimidine and 1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives via condensation of aryldiamines with ketones in the presence of BF 3 –H 2 O is described. BF 3 –H 2 O plays a dual role, as an efficient non-oxidizing Bronsted acid catalyst as well as an effective solvent making the reaction more economic and environmentally safer. The reaction is simple, fast and convenient.
Outcomes of pulmonary vascular disease in infants conceived with non-IVF fertility treatment and assisted reproductive technologies at 1 year of age

BACKGROUND Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been associated with the development of endothelial dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To determine potential differences in outcomes associated with pulmonary vascular disease in infants born to mothers receiving any infertility treatment including ART and non-IVF fertility treatments (NIFTs). DESIGN/METHODS The sample was derived from an administrative database containing detailed information on infant and maternal characteristics for live-born infants in California (2007-2012) with gestational age (GA) 22 to 44 weeks. Cases were defined as infants with ICD-9 code for pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) and records for ART/NIFT. Controls were randomly selected at a 1:4 ratio. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS We identified 159 cases and 636 controls. Mothers that utilized ART/NIFT were older, to be of the Caucasian race, to have pre-eclampsia, private insurance, and education >12 years (P < .001). Cases compared to controls were more premature, had lower birth weights, and were more often the product of a multiple gestation pregnancy (P < .001). Cases had a higher 1-year mortality (18.2% vs 9.1%; OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.6), more severe PVD (86.2% vs 72.3%; OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9), and a longer hospital stay (66.7 ± 73.0 vs 32.5 ± 47.2 days; P < .001) than controls. However, when adjusting for GA these differences become statistically insignificant. CONCLUSION Children born following ART/NIFT with PVD had increased mortality compared to infants with PVD but without ART/NIFT. The primary driver of this relationship is prematurity.
Passing on pot: when environmental organizations disengage from political consumerism in highly stigmatized sectors

Environmental movement organizations (EMOs) contribute to and benefit from political consumerism initiatives, such as voluntary sustainability certifications (VSCs). Surprisingly, EMOs have avoided...