cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GI PiCO2: Tissue Specific Monitoring For Improving Patient Outcomes

Summary Improvements in human patient monitoring despite their development in animals, do not always find their way into veterinary clinical use due to financial constraints. Gastrointestinal intraluminal CO2 partial pressure (Gip1CO2) monitoring, however, is not only proving very beneficial in human trauma and critical patient care but is also very likely to become relatively inexpensive. By providing information on the perfusion adequacy of a high risk, critically important tissue, the GI mucosa, GI P1CO2 monitoring offers an easily accesible indicator of the efficacy and adequacy of resuscitative interventions. The potential for decreasing morbidity and mortality is enormous. Therefore, the practicing veterinarian should become familiar with GI P1CO2 monitoring theory and technology so he or she can be better prepared to incorporate it into practice when in becomes available.
Techniques for multilayer channel routing

The techniques described have been implemented in a multilayer channel router called Chameleon. Chameleon consists of two stages: a partitioner and a detailed router. The partitioner divides the problems into two-layer and three-layer subproblems such that global channel area is minimized. The detailed router then implements the connections using generalizations of the algorithms used in YACR2 (see ibid., vol.CAD-4, no.3, p.208-19, 1985). In particular, a three-dimensional maze router is used for the vertical connections; this methodology is effective even when cycle constraints are present. Chameleon has produced optimal results on a wide range of industrial and academic examples for a variety of layer and pitch combinations, and can handle a variety of technology constraints. >
A computer-based daylight systems design tool

Currently numbers like illuminance or glare index are used for the evaluation of daylight system designs. We propose to use photorealistic pictures in addition to numbers as a way to assess the quality of a design solution. This is necessary since numbers-based performance criteria, that are currently in use, are either not sufficient to evaluate performance, or they require expert knowledge for interpretation. The paper discusses the implications and ramifications of this approach.
Sports Injuries in the Foot and Ankle.

Foot and ankle injuries are commonplace in competitive sports. Close attention is required during examination to accurately identify such injuries. Early diagnosis and management of these injuries are critical. Articles included in this issue are Chronic Ankle Instability (Medial and Lateral), Disorders of the Flexor Hallux Longus and Os Peroneum, Heel Pain in the Athlete (calcaneal Stress fracture, Baxter's Neuritis, Plantar Fasciitis), Stress Fractures of the Metatarsals and Navicular, Peroneal Tendon Disorders, and many more!
Techniques for Reducing Speeding Beyond Licensure: Young Drivers' Preferences

Young drivers need continued training and educational efforts beyond licensure. The latest in-vehicle monitoring technologies provide a promising way to monitor and advise driving behaviors in real-time. Literature to-date suggests limited success for changing driving behaviors via the use of in-vehicle monitoring technologies, and teens and parents have mixed perceptions about such devices. We argue that certain reinforcement techniques and parameters may lead to more sustainable behavioral changes. This paper describes the findings of an interview with young drivers on their perspectives of in-vehicle monitoring technologies and a feasibility driving simulator experiment that incorporated key reinforcement techniques. Eighteen young drivers participated in individual semi-structured interviews and 17 participated in the simulator experiment. Participants saw values in having a smartphone application-based system that can monitor their driving and provide positive recognition for safe behaviors and negative alerts for unsafe behaviors. Preliminary behavioral data from the simulator experiment showed mixed results. The findings show promise for incorporating reinforcement techniques in continued education beyond licensure but further research is needed to understand the timing for using such techniques.
Worsaae's Law and the Use of Grave Lots for Archaeological Dating

The principle that the objects accompanying a burial are in most cases things which were in use at the same time was first stated by J. J. A. Worsaae in 1843. This principle rests on several assumptions, among them that it was customary to place objects beside the dead only at the time of burial, and that the objects so placed were ones owned or used by the occupant or his friends at the time of his death. There is at least one area, the Andean sierra, where we have historical evidence for the renewal of offerings in tombs, and in some cases renewal may have continued periodically for as much as 200 years. In the light of this example it is clearly necessary to determine the burial customs prevailing in the area and period concerned before using grave associations as evidence for contemporaneity. There is also a number of special circumstances which may produce exceptions to the conditions assumed in Worsaae's Law, and to cover the possibility of such exceptions the archaeologist must work with a sufficient number of grave lots so that he can establish rules of consistent association and identify exceptions to them. Worsaae's Law may be extended to state that the objects accompanying a burial were in most cases not only used at the same time but made within a few years of one another. Heirlooms and antiques, the kinds of objects which would not conform to this statement, can be expected to be rare enough so that they would be recognized as exceptions to the prevailing pattern of associations. The evidence of contemporaneity which grave associations provide can be used in two ways. If no stylistic sequence has yet been established for an area, grave associations can serve to check hypothetical sequences suggested on the basis of external evidence. Grave associations provide no evidence of sequence as such, but they do provide a means of testing the validity of the stylistic units or phases which any sequence implies. If a stylistic sequence is already established, the evidence of grave lots can be used to extend it to kinds of materials not included in the original sequence. Fuller utilization of burial associations for both purposes could lead to the solution of many problems in archaeological dating.
Improved Two-Drum Winder Technology

Today many Paper Mills have to supply rolls at larger diameters to their customers. Very often the existing two drum winders cannot cope with the quality demands as larger roll diameters lead to increased roll weight and therefore higher nip pressure between roll and drums.Excessive nip pressure results in various roll defects. So paper mills are forced to improve their winder technology. Ideally rebuilt packages for the existing winders should make the winder matching with their future demands.Voith Paper GmbH. Krefelt can offer tailored solutions for many applications by supplying special roll covers which reduce the specific nip pressure.
Multi-Input, Multi-Output Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling to Identify Biologically-Based Transformations as the "Cognitive Processes" Represented by the Ensemble Coding of Neuron Populations.

The successful development of neural prostheses requires an understanding of the neurobiological bases of cognitive processes, i.e., how the collective activity of populations of neurons results in a higher-level process not predictable based on knowledge of the individual neurons and/or synapses alone. We have been studying and applying novel methods for representing nonlinear transformations of multiple spike train inputs (multiple time series of pulse train inputs) produced by synaptic and field interactions among multiple subclasses of neurons arrayed in multiple layers of incompletely connected units.
Using Phage Integrases in a Site-Specific Dual Integrase Cassette Exchange Strategy

ΦC31 integrase, a site-specific large serine recombinase, is a useful tool for genome engineering in a variety of eukaryotic species and cell types. ΦC31 integrase performs efficient recombination between its attB site and either its own placed attP site or a partially mismatched genomic pseudo attP site. Bxb1 integrase, another large serine recombinase, has a similar level of recombinational activity, but recognizes only its own attB and attP sites. Previously, we have used these integrases sequentially to integrate plasmid DNA into the genome. This approach relied on placing a landing pad attP for Bxb1 integrase in the genome by using phiC31 integrase-mediated recombination at a genomic pseudo attP site. In this chapter, we present a protocol for using these integrases simultaneously to facilitate cassette exchange at a predefined location. This approach permits greater control and accuracy over integration. We also present a general method for using polymerase chain reaction assays to verify that the desired cassette exchange occurred successfully.
Leiomyoma of the Bladder

We report 5 cases of leiomyoma of the bladder and review the literature. Because of its size and location, this tumor usually is asymptomatic unless urinary tract function is affected. Excretory urography and computerized tomography were useful in identifying the location, consistency and size of the lesions. Small lesions can be managed with transurethral resection and large lesions require segmental resection. Cystectomy is not indicated.
Distribution of interstitial compliance and filtration coefficient in canine lung.

Utilizing a modification of the isogravimetric methodology, we have estimated the perivascular interstitial compliance and filtration coefficient in the canine lung. These values averaged 1.8 g/cm H 2 0 and 34 (g/h)/cm H 2 0, respectively, per 100 g lung wet weight. By studying lungs at both low and high states of inflation (where the alveolar septae are collapsed) we were also able to determine the spatial distribution of both the interstitial compliance and filtration coefficient. We estimate that of the above total interstitial compliance a maximum of 55% is around alveolar septal vessels, 20% around extra-alveolar arteries and 25% around extra-alveolar veins. Of the above total filtration coefficient, 50% represents filtration from alveolar septal vessels, 23% from extra-alveolar arteries, and 27% from extra-alveolar veins. Our results imply that there are finite interstitial compliances communicating with all permeable vessels. Significant pressures can be built up in these spaces, thereby acutely limiting the further formation of interstitial edema.
Process and impact of an advance care planning intervention evaluated by bereaved surrogate decision-makers of dialysis patients.

Background:Few studies have examined the process and impact of an advance care planning intervention experienced by surrogate decision-makers of dialysis patients.Aim:To explore the perspectives of the bereaved surrogates of dialysis patients on the process and impact of an advance care planning intervention and to compare the perceived impacts of the intervention between African Americans and Whites.Design:Qualitative interviews and thematic analysis.Setting/participants:24 bereaved surrogates of patients from outpatient dialysis centers were interviewed. Both patients and surrogates had been participants in a larger efficacy study and had received an advance care planning intervention, SPIRIT (Sharing Patient’s Illness Representations to Increase Trust).Results:Two themes related to the process of SPIRIT were as follows: (1) SPIRIT provided a welcome opportunity to think about and discuss topics that had been avoided and (2) SPIRIT helped patients and surrogates to share their feelings. Four themes of t...
Effects of NOX-1 on Real-Time Blood Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in Acute Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia has been associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in part by a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production and increased oxidative stress (e.g., increased superoxide (SO) and hy...
Frequency, Type, and Volume of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Young Women.

Background: The inverse association between physical activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk has primarily been shown in studies of middle-aged and older adults. Evidence for the benefits of frequency, type, and volume of leisure-time physical activity in young women is limited. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis among 97 230 women aged 27 to 44 years at baseline in 1991. Leisure-time physical activity was assessed biennially by questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between physical activity frequency, type, and volume, and CHD risk. Results: During 20 years of follow-up, we documented 544 incident CHD cases. In multivariable-adjusted models, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of CHD comparing ≥30 with <1 metabolic equivalent of task-hours/wk of physical activity was 0.75 (0.57–0.99) ( P , trend=0.01). Brisk walking alone was also associated with significantly lower CHD risk. Physical activity frequency was not associated with CHD risk when models also included overall activity volume. Finally, the association was not modified by body mass index (kg/m2) ( P , interaction=0.70). Active women (≥30 metabolic equivalent of task-hours/wk) with body mass index<25 kg/m2 had 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.35–0.78) times the rate of CHD in comparison with women who were obese (body mass index≥30 kg/m2) and inactive (physical activity <1 metabolic equivalent of task-hours/wk). Conclusions: These prospective data suggest that total volume of leisure-time physical activity is associated with lower risk of incident CHD among young women. In addition, this association was not modified by weight, emphasizing that it is important for normal weight, overweight, and obese women to be physically active. # Clinical Perspective {#article-title-33}
Conclusion: The Scope of Relative Externalism

The term repression, as it was defined in Chapter 2 and has been used so far, covers a large range of scenarios. An agent is repressed any time some portion of his motivational structure prevents him from properly deliberating about the reason-giving force of one or more of his desires. An agent has a reason to overcome repression precisely because he ought to be able to properly deliberate about his desires, but cannot do so in his repressed state. Such a reason is relative because it concerns an agent’s own desires, but it is external because the agent lacks deliberative access to it. Even though repression does cover a large range of scenarios — so large in fact that it would seem that most people are at least partially repressed for some period of their lives — it might still seem ontologically indulgent to posit a type of reason, the entire set of which is populated by the reasons agents have to overcome it. In order to dispel the appearance of indulgence, one need only show just how many types of deliberative incapacity there are for which agents have reasons to overcome. One could simply construe the term repression to cover all of these types of deliberative incapacity, but to do so too quickly might lead one to miss the variety and range of incapacities that fall within that construal. This final chapter attempts to expand the set of relative external reasons by looking at a few types of deliberative incapacities that are similar enough to repression to give agents relative external reasons to overcome them, but which are nevertheless different enough to resist an easy classification under the banner of repression.
Blunt prenatal trauma resulting in fetal epidural or subdural hematoma: case report and systematic review of the literature

Blunt prenatal trauma is known to have consequences to the developing brain, and can result in subdural hematoma (SDH) or epidural hematoma (EDH). The authors present a case of blunt prenatal trauma resulting in a fetal SDH, intraparenchymal hematoma, and intraventricular hemorrhage, and perform a systematic review of the literature. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Relevant studies (up to April 2016) that reported on cases of fetal SDH or EDH after blunt prenatal trauma were identified from the PubMed database. The primary outcome was fetal mortality, and the secondary outcome was neurological outcome. Fourteen studies were included in the analysis, comprising a total of 14 patients including the present case. The average gestational age at discovery of hemorrhage was 30.1 weeks. Nine mothers were in a motor vehicle collision and 3 were assaulted; the mechanism of injury for 2 mothers was not defined. Twelve patients had SDH, 1 had EDH, and 1 had conflicting reports. Three patients had intrauterine fetal demise, and 3 died in the neonatal period after birth. Three patients had persistent neurological deficit, and 5 were neurologically intact. Fetal SDH or EDH after blunt trauma to the mother trauma is rare and is associated with mortality. However, a significant number of patients can have good neurological outcomes.
Effect of Stoichiometry on the Lifetime and Doping Concentration of Polycrystalline CdTe

The effect of gas phase Cd/Te deposition ratio on the minority carrier lifetime and doping concentration of polycrystalline cadmium telluride (CdTe) was investigated. CdTe thin films were deposited by the elemental vapor transport (EVT) with various Cd/Te gas phase ratios. The films were fabricated into solar cells, and characterized by current–voltage ( JV ) and spectral response measurements. The minority carrier lifetime was measured using time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Capacitance–voltage ( CV ) measurements indicated a change in doping concentration as a function of gas phase Cd/Te ratio. Films deposited under Te-rich deposition conditions exhibited superior electrical characteristics. Minority carrier lifetimes up to 7 ns and doping concentrations on the order of 1015 cm–3 were measured for CdCl2 heat-treated Te-rich deposited films. The addition of controlled amounts of Cu increased the doping concentration up to 1016 cm–3, however lowered the carrier lifetimes to less than 1 ns. EVT deposited CdTe solar cells exhibited $V_{{\rm{OC}}}$ of 800 mV without Cu and up to 850 mV with Cu doping.
He 3 - Xe 129 Comagnetometery using Rb 87 Detection and Decoupling

An enhanced version of a magnetometer based on atomic spins could be used to search for theoretically predicted exotic fields with ultrahigh sensitivity.
T Lymphocyte Control of the Immune Response: From TS to TREG

In the late 1960s, groups led by Henry Claman, Anthony Davis, and Jacque Miller demonstrated that thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes help thymus-independent (B) lymphocytes synthesize and secrete antibody. This stimulated a search for other cellular interactions that regulate antibody synthesis and secretion. In 1972, Richard Gershon described a population of T lymphocytes that inhibited antibody production; he coined the term T suppressors (T S ). Subsequent studies characterized T S lymphocytes phenotypically and genetically. By 1980, elaborate schemes of cell interactions and soluble factors had been described to explain the function of these lymphocytes. Data presented in the mid-1980s, however, questioned the existence of these regulatory lymphocytes, and by 1990, T suppressor lymphocytes ceased to be a viable research topic. A second line of investigation initiated in the late 1960s by Yasuaki Nishizuka and Teruyo Sakakura revived the concept of T lymphocyte suppression. These investigators showed that thymectomy of 3-day-old mice enhanced the development of naturally occurring autoimmune diseases later in life. These investigations led to the description of a population of CD4 + T lymphocytes that regulate the production of autoantibodies and other autoimmune responses. These cells, termed T regulatory (T REG ) lymphocytes, not only prevent potential autoimmune responses, but they also are instrumental in regulating the response to pathogens and tumors. These lymphocytes possess a unique phenotype and mechanism of action, leading to efforts to manipulate them clinically in patients with tumors and autoimmune diseases.
Effects of ambient particulate matter on aerobic exercise performance.

Abstract Background/Objective Wintertime thermal inversions in narrow mountain valleys create a ceiling effect, increasing concentration of small particulate matter (PM2.5). Despite potential health risks, many people continue to exercise outdoors in thermal inversions. This study measured the effects of ambient PM2.5 exposure associated with a typical thermal inversion on exercise performance, pulmonary function, and biological markers of inflammation. Methods Healthy, active adults (5 males, 11 females) performed two cycle ergometer time trials outdoors in a counterbalanced design: 1) low ambient PM2.5 concentrations ( Results Despite a significant difference in mean PM2.5 concentration of 9.3 ± 3.0 μg/m3 between trials (p .05) for PM2.5 concentration and the measured variables. Conclusion An acute bout of vigorous exercise during an AQI of “yellow” did not diminish exercise performance in healthy adults, nor did it have a negative effect on pulmonary function or biological health markers. These variables might not be sensitive to small changes from acute, mild PM2.5 exposure.
A model of the rodent head direction system

Head direction cells in the postsubiculum (PoS, also known as dorsal presubiculum) were first described by Ranck et al. [10]. In subsequent work, Taube et al. [14] characterized these cells as having triangular tuning curves: the firing rate drops off linearly from a peak at the preferred direction until it reaches a baseline value. Taube et al. [15] report that PoS cells typically have baseline-to-baseline tuning curve widths of 100°. Similar cells have been found in the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) [4, 6, 13]. See Figure 1(b) for a sample PoS tuning curve. These curves can also be modeled very closely by Gaussians with an average standard deviation of approximately 66° [4, 18].
Unexpected Neighborhood Sources of Food and Drink: Implications for Research and Community Health.

Introduction Studies of neighborhood food environments typically focus on select stores (especially supermarkets) and/or restaurants (especially fast-food outlets), make presumptions about healthfulness without assessing actual items for sale, and ignore other kinds of businesses offering foods/drinks. The current study assessed availability of select healthful and less-healthful foods/drinks from all storefront businesses in an urban environment and considered implications for food-environment research and community health. Methods Cross-sectional assessment in 2013 of all storefront businesses (n=852) on all street segments (n=1,253) in 32 census tracts of the Bronx, New York. Investigators assessed for healthful items (produce, whole grains, nuts, water, milk) and less-healthful items (refined sweets, salty/fatty fare, sugar-added drinks, and alcohol), noting whether items were from food businesses (e.g., supermarkets and restaurants) or other storefront businesses (OSB, e.g., barber shops, gyms, hardware stores, laundromats). Data were analyzed in 2017. Results Half of all businesses offered food/drink items. More than one seventh of all street segments (more than one third in higher-poverty census tracts) had businesses selling food/drink. OSB accounted for almost one third of all businesses offering food/drink items (about one quarter of businesses offering any healthful items and more than two thirds of businesses offering only less-healthful options). Conclusions Food environments include many businesses not primarily focused on selling foods/drinks. Studies that do not consider OSB may miss important food/drink sources, be incomplete and inaccurate, and potentially misguide interventions. OSB hold promise for improving food environments and community health by offering healthful items; some already do.
Pineal Region Tumors: Surgery Perspective

Since the seminal articles that described safe and effective approaches to the pineal region in the early 1970s [1], [2], numerous surgical series have established open surgery as a critical tool in the treatment of pineal region lesions [3]–[13]. Although the difficulties and perils of pineal surgery were considered prohibitive during the nascent years of neurosurgery [14]–[16], the advent of the operating microscope, microneurosurgical techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the development of neurologic intensive care as a specialty have all helped to develop pineal region surgery within a reasonable degree of safety. Open surgery is the treatment of choice for benign tumors. Depending on specific histology, open surgery has a variable role in the treatment of malignant tumors and tumors with mixed elements, either as a means of cytoreduction prior to chemotherapy and/or radiation [17], [18] or as the best option to eradicate benign elements in mixed tumors after chemotherapy/radiation [4], [19]. Additionally, through immediate removal of obstructing lesions, open surgery can obviate the need for permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Open surgery also offers comprehensive tissue sampling for a group of tumors that can be of mixed histology and are notoriously difficult to diagnose.
A Communication Framework for Networked Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Underwater acoustic communications consume a significant amount of energy due to the high transmission power (10–50 \(\mathrm {W}\)) and long data packet transmission duration (0.1–1 \(\mathrm {s}\)). Mobile Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) can conserve energy by waiting for the ‘best’ network topology configuration, e.g., a favorable alignment, before starting to communicate. Due to the frequency-selective underwater acoustic ambient noise and high medium power absorption—which increases exponentially with distance—a shorter distance between AUVs translates into a lower transmission loss and a higher available bandwidth. By leveraging the predictability of AUV trajectories, a novel solution is proposed that optimizes communications by delaying packet transmissions in order to wait for a favorable network topology (thus trading end-to-end delay for energy and/or throughput). In addition, the proposed solution exploits the frequency-dependent radiation pattern of underwater acoustic transducers to reduce communication energy consumption. Our solution is implemented and evaluated through emulations, showing improved performance over some well-known geographic routing solutions and delay-tolerant networking solutions.
A PRIORI PROBLEM KNOWLEDGE AND TRAINING SAMPLES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a priori problem knowledge and training samples. In the a posteriori Bayes spirit, man can measure how well samples match different sets of relationships he has supplied. One needs a facility to (1) put a priori relationships for each suspected class into a computer. These relationships reflect correlations and in general hyper-objects. (2) For classes with overlapping hyper-objects, probability density is attached to the hyper-object. (3) Training samples update these probability densitities. Further, they are observed by man and he adapts the relationships defining the hyper-objects. (4) The concept includes waveforms and pictures as measurement vectors but obviously is more complex.
Exzellenz im Einkaufsmanagement der Assekuranz

Vorwartsgerichtet zeigt sich, dass in einer immer komplexeren und schnelleren Welt die Einkaufsbereiche nicht mehr alle notigen Fahigkeiten und Ideen selbst entwickeln konnen um alle Trends im Umfeld zu erkennen. Es wird eine engere Zusammenarbeit (Collaborative Optimization, SRM, Innovation‑/Crowd‐Sourcing) notwendig, um effektiv und effizient gemeinsames Wissen und Fahigkeiten zu einer Win‐win‐Situation zu vereinen.
What Is of Recent Interest in Cardiac CT: Insights From the JACC Family of Journals.

![Figure][1] Cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) is now a frontline investigation, and the last couple of years have seen a plethora of high-quality original research papers. The JACC family of journals has been fortunate to host some of the best papers in this field. We summarize
Abstract P080: Gut Microbiota, Gut-Derived Metabolites and Glucose Metabolism: Findings From a Monozygotic Twin Study

Background: Gut microbiota dysbiosis disturbs metabolic homeostasis and contributes to a range of metabolic disorders including CVD and diabetes. Previous epidemiological studies using unrelated in...
Synthesis of the non-adjacent bis(tetrahydrofuran) core of squamostanin C by silicon-tethered, size-selective triple ring-closing metathesis

Abstract Synthesis of the C2-symmetric, non-adjacent bis(tetrahydrofuran) core of squamostanin C in seven steps and 24% overall yield from (R,R)-1,5-hexadiene-3,4-diol is reported. Silicon-tethered, size-selective triple ring-closing metathesis of an acyclic hexaene is employed for assembly of the central 1,4-diol unit and concurrent chain extension via lactone formation. Stereoselective construction of both tetrahydrofuran rings is achieved in one step through the use of two-directional Mukaiyama aerobic alkenol cyclization.
Sport-Related Concussion Evaluation and Management.

Concussion is a challenging and controversial medical diagnosis that can test even the most seasoned practitioner. Knowledge on this topic is ever evolving. It was not so long ago that grading guidelines were based on loss of consciousness and amnesia. Medicine has seen a renaissance of discovery over the past 20 years in concussion evaluation and management. A PubMed search for "concussion" between 1990 and 2000 produced just over 1000 articles and that same search including the last 18 years expands to over 10,000 publications. The most recent knowledge and recommendations are discussed based on the published evidence.
Taking leave to bleed: Perceptions and attitudes toward menstrual leave policy.

AbstractMenstrual leave is offered in some countries and companies; however, there is a lack of research examining perceptions or effects of the policy. We examined the U.S. public’s (N = 600) perc...
Systematic Constructions of Fracton Theories

Fracton theories possess exponentially degenerate ground states, excitations with restricted mobility, and nontopological higher-form symmetries. This paper shows that such theories can be defined on arbitrary spatial lattices in three dimensions. The key element of this construction is a generalization of higher-form gauge theories to so-called $\mathfrak{F}_p$ gauge theories, in which gauge transformations of rank-$k$ fields are specified by rank-$(k - p)$ gauge parameters. The $\mathbb{Z}_2$ rank-two theory of type $\mathfrak{F}_2$, placed on a cubic lattice and coupled to scalar matter, is shown to have a topological phase exactly dual to the well-known X-cube model. Generalizations of this example yield novel fracton theories. In the continuum, the $\mathrm{U}(1)$ rank-two theory of type $\mathfrak{F}_2$ is shown to have a perturbatively gapless fracton regime that cannot be consistently interpreted as a tensor gauge theory of any kind. The compact scalar fields that naturally couple to this $\mathfrak{F}_2$ theory also show gapless fracton behavior; on a cubic lattice they have a conserved $\mathrm{U}(1)$ charge and dipole moment, but these particular charges are not necessarily conserved on more general lattices. The construction straightforwardly generalizes to $\mathfrak{F}_2$ theories of nonabelian rank-two gauge fields, giving first examples of pure nonabelian higher-rank theories.
Translation inhibition from a distance: the small RNA SgrS interferes with a ribosomal protein S1-dependent enhancer

Summary Many bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) efficiently inhibit translation of target mRNAs by forming a duplex that sequesters the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence or start codon and prevents formation of the translation initiation complex. There are a growing number of examples of sRNA-mRNA binding interactions distant from the SD region, but how these mediate translational regulation remains unclear. Our previous work in Escherichia coli and Salmonella identified a mechanism of translational repression of manY mRNA by the sRNA SgrS through a binding interaction upstream of the manY SD. Here, we report that SgrS forms a duplex with a uridine-rich translation-enhancing element in the manY 5’ untranslated region. Notably, we show that the enhancer is ribosome-dependent and that the small ribosomal subunit protein S1 interacts with the enhancer to promote translation of manY. In collaboration with the chaperone protein Hfq, SgrS interferes with the interaction between the translation enhancer and ribosomal protein S1 to repress translation of manY mRNA. Since bacterial translation is often modulated by enhancer-like elements upstream of the SD, sRNA-mediated enhancer silencing could be a common mode of gene regulation.
Soccer and hometown associations of Mexican migrants in Chicago: the case of San Rafael

This article explores the relationship between soccer and Mexican hometown associations (HTAs), organizations formed by migrants from the same locality in order to raise funds for community develop...
Implementation of an antenatal late-preterm corticosteroid protocol at a high-volume tertiary care center.

Background Since publication of the sentinel antenatal late-preterm steroids clinical trial, the use of antenatal steroids has become a routine aspect of the management of pregnancies at risk for late-preterm delivery. However, in practice, the administration of antenatal corticosteroids in the late-preterm period is widely varied across provider and institution, and the process of implementation of this new practice as well as outcomes associated with implementation are not well understood. Objective The objective was to evaluate institutional adherence to an antenatal late-preterm corticosteroid protocol and to assess neonatal outcomes associated with its introduction. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all women with singleton pregnancies admitted between 34 and 36 5/7 weeks’ who presented in the year before (“preprotocol”: November 2012 to October 2013) and after implementation (“postprotocol”: April 2016 to March 2017). The protocol recommends corticosteroid administration to women 34 to 36 5/7 weeks’ gestation at risk for preterm birth who have not received prior corticosteroids. Women with fetal anomalies or pregestational or gestational diabetes were excluded from analysis. The frequency with which eligible women received corticosteroids and ineligible women were appropriately excluded (adherence) was calculated on a monthly basis. Neonatal outcomes of interest were hypoglycemia, receipt of dextrose, birthweight, 5-minute Apgar less than 7, receipt of surfactant, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, neonatal intensive care unit length of stay, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, culture-positive sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were used to compare neonatal outcomes between (1) all women in the postprotocol cohort to those in the preprotocol cohort and (2) only women who received adherent care in the postprotocol cohort to all women in the preprotocol cohort. Results A total of 452 women were included in the preprotocol cohort and 451 in the postprotocol cohort. The majority of the postprotocol women (n = 366, 81.2%) received adherent care. Women in both cohorts were similar, with the exception that women in the postprotocol cohort were more likely to be nulliparous (P = .013). Compared to the preprotocol period, neonates of women in the postprotocol period had significantly higher odds of hypoglycemia Conclusion Uptake of a new institutional protocol for antenatal late-preterm corticosteroids was rapid. Compared with historic controls, neonates exposed to antenatal late-preterm corticosteroid experienced increased odds of hypoglycemia, without significant improvements in respiratory morbidities.
ASSESSING PROVIDER ATTITUDES OF IMPLEMENTING INPATIENT HIGH SENSITIVITY TROPONIN ASSAY

In May 2019, Michigan Medicine launched a new high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) assay for inpatient utilization. Although widely used and studied internationally, the utilization of inpatient hsTnT in the United States is less ubiquitous and its implications on medical decision-making are less
"Keep it Sacred!": Indigenous Youth-Led Filmmaking to Advance Critical Race Media Literacy

Due to the influence of digital media, today’s educators encounter unique challenges—and possibilities—surrounding efforts to advance civic dialogue and critical literacy. This case study, which focuses on two projects with rural Indigenous communities, describes student-led research and filmmaking as teaching pedagogy and research methodology within formal and informal educational spaces. Findings demonstrate the potential for Indigenous counter-narratives to support place conscious and culturally revitalizing media education; increased learner motivation through student-centered pedagogy, anti-colonial education and civic engagement; and expanded intercultural dialogue and intergenerational understanding. The study offers implications for educators, researchers, and community partners.
Training police for procedural justice: An evaluation of officer attitudes, citizen attitudes, and police-citizen interactions:

This paper reports the findings of an evaluation of a police training program on procedural justice. The evaluation focused on the short- and long-term effects of the training on officers’ attitude...
First Delivery Gaps: A Supply Chain Lever to Reduce Product Returns in Online Retail

With the rise of online retail in recent years, one of the key challenges that retailers face is product returns. Each year products worth billions of dollars are returned for various reasons including product quality, packaging, delivery delays and others. Working with one of India's largest online fashion retailers, we focus on identifying whether increased delivery gaps lead to an increase in Returns To Origin (RTO) orders. That is, the setting where customer refuses to accept the delivered package and pay for it at the door step when delivered. Given the cost of returns that retailers experience is double, namely, sending the order to the customer and then shipping it back to the warehouse, mitigating RTO is an important problem. We investigate the problem of RTOs with a supply chain lens and show the causal effect of delivery gaps (time to deliver a product) on RTOs. In order to show the causal effect of delivery gaps on RTOs and address endogeniety concerns prevalent in observational data, we use the instrumental variables approach. Then, we formulate the problem of optimally choosing strategic and tactical delivery threshold targets. We show that there can be substantial gains from carefully balancing RTO costs with faster deliveries. We show that for our industry partner, a 2-day reduction in the delivery gap from the current average, can lead to annual cost savings of upt \$1.8 million just from RTO reduction. We also perform a Randomized Control Trial to test the hypothesis of whether customer promise can be used as a lever for RTO reduction in regions where product deliveries are already expedited. We find that \textit{beating} customer promise, by overshooting delivery dates can further lead to a reduction in product RTO. Reducing product returns is one of the most important problems in modern retail. By showing the causal relationship between RTOs and delivery gaps, we identify a supply chain lever that can reduce RTOs. Furthermore, the novel framework we introduce, optimizes delivery gaps for retailers while at the same time accounting for various delivery improvement costs.
Molecular Immunohistochemical Profile of Angiocentric Glioma.

Background and purpose Angiocentric glioma is a rare, World Health Organization grade I tumor that is seen predominantly in children and young adults and typically presents with seizures. Histologically, it shows features of both infiltrating glioma and ependymoma. Methods We examined molecular immunohistochemical markers which could help in distinguishing this entity from its differential diagnostic considerations. Results We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathologic features of angiocentric gliomas and performed immunohistochemical staining for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1) (R132H), p53, ATRX, BRAF V600E, Ki-67, and H3 K27M on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Seven cases in total were found and included six excisional specimens and one biopsy. ATRX staining was retained in all cases. There was no evidence of staining with antibodies to IDH-1 (R132H), H3 K27M, or BRAF V600E. Five tumors showed no staining with antibody to p53 and two tumors showed less than 5% positivity. Ki-67 indices were less than 1% in five tumors, 4-5% in one tumor, and 9-10% in one tumor. Conclusions In conclusion, the immunohistochemical markers for ATRX, p53, IDH-1 (R132H), BRAF V600E, H3 K27M show wild-type staining, potentially aiding in avoiding misdiagnoses in cases morphologically similar to other low-grade gliomas. Ki-67 labeling indices are low in most tumors.
Navigating End of Life Decision Making in Cases of Suspected Abuse

Introduction: Parents have a fundamental right to make medical decisions for their child. When a child is critically ill resulting from intentional injury inflicted by a parent/caregiver, medical decisions become substantially more complex. The number of stakeholders involved increases, and conflict between the best interests of a child and the intentions of the parents may arise, especially when such inflicted injuries have criminal implications. Navigating this tension poses a daunting task for medical providers. The case below illustrates complex medical, ethical and legal issues surrounding goals of …
Reporting of Postprotocol Therapies and Attrition in Multiple Myeloma Randomized Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.

Importance A thorough understanding of the optimal role and sequence of agents for treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) requires knowledge of the use and rate of postprotocol therapies in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Objectives To examine the proportion of MM RCTs that reported postprotocol therapies and, among those, the percentage of patients who received no further therapy and how treatments differed between the control and intervention arms. Evidence review The reporting of postprotocol therapies was systematically assessed in published MM RCTs using 3 databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Registry of Controlled Trials) for MM RCTs from January 1, 2005, to December 30, 2019. All MM RCTs were included, and all other studies, such as editorials, nonrandomized studies, and review articles, were excluded. Findings A total of 103 RCTs were identified (47 251 patients); of these, 45 (43.7%) reported subsequent treatments in that publication or in any subsequent publication. Trials funded by pharmaceutical companies (26 of 47 [55.3%]) were more likely to report subsequent treatments than cooperative group studies (19 of 56 [33.9%]) (χ21,103 = 4.8; P = .03). Differences were found in the treatments received between the intervention and control arms of RCTs. When data were reported, 5150 of 9351 patients (54.9%) in RCTs of newly diagnosed MM and 2197 of 4501 patients (48.8%) in RCTs of relapsed/refractory MM received any subsequent therapy. Conclusions and relevance Postprotocol therapies in MM RCTs are often not reported and, when they are, many patients receive no further therapy. Reporting guidelines for postprotocol therapies are needed.
Postbuckling mechanics in slender steel plates under pure shear: A focus on boundary conditions and load path

Abstract Slender steel plates used in buildings, bridges, aircraft, and ships have postbuckling shear strength that is mobilized in design. Despite a century of research on this topic, the mechanics (load path and failure mechanisms) of the postbuckling behavior are still not fully understood. Proper boundary conditions are vital for studying the mechanics in finite element (FE) models, yet several different boundary conditions have been proposed by researchers. This paper uses FE models to examine various boundary conditions on a slender plate under pure shear loading. The models are benchmarked against 16 experimental tests, with a range of web depths (D), panel aspect ratios, and web slenderness ratios. The effects of boundary conditions on the normal stresses on the web plate edges and principal stresses in the web are examined for panel aspect ratios of 1, 2, and 3. The flanges, stiffeners, and “panel extensions” (which extend the web and flange a distance D/2 beyond the stiffener on either side of the panel) are used as boundary conditions (with axially free vertical edges at the ends of the panel). The analysis results show negligible participation from the stiffeners and flanges in the load path up to the ultimate postbuckling shear load, while compressive membrane stresses in the web are observed to redistribute and continue to increase after elastic buckling, in some regions at a greater rate than before buckling. This study advances the understanding of postbuckling shear load path that can be used in code development and performance enhancements for shear buckling in slender plates.
A Year Into the Pandemic: An Update on Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Math, and Medicine (STEMM)

The coronavirus pandemic revealed long-standing, unaddressed fissures in our systems, including dramatic gender inequities in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEMM) fields. Women have disproportionately carried the burden of child care and other caregiving responsibilities during the pandemic, and there are strong indications that the pandemic will likely exacerbate pre-existing disparities in the pipeline of women in STEMM and in leadership positions. Based on a literature review, our own experiences and the experiences of our colleagues, we review promising strategies that have been implemented by funding bodies, journals, professional societies, and colleges/universities as well as additional strategies that might be helpful for these entities to implement in order to move forward with policies in place that address gender inequities and rebuild our institutional systems better. At this moment in time, institutions should collect data on metrics such as recruitment, retention, tenure/promotion, funding, professional society membership, awards/honors, and scientific publishing. These data will be essential in determining the impact of policies on women in STEMM to ensure they are having the intended effect as well as what future actions might be necessary in an iterative process.
Sex, gender, and Christian ethics

1. Sex, gender and the problem of moral argument 2. Feminism and foundations 3. Particular experiences, shared goods 4. 'The body' - in context An interlude and a proposal 5. Sex, gender and early Christianity 6. Sex, marriage and family in Christian tradition 7. The new birth technologies and public moral argument Concluding reflections.
Histocompatibility System of the Mouse

Histocompatibility (H) genes are members of a large family of loci controlling cell-membrane alloantigens. Some 60 loci belonging to this family have been identified in the mouse (46 loci definitely, 14 tentatively), and it is more than likely that the total number is much higher, perhaps several hundred. The loci can be divided into three groups on the basis of the methods used for their identification (Snell and Cherry 1972): 1. erythrocyte alloantigen (Ea) loci, detected by classical blood-typing methods with erythrocytes as target cells; 2. lymphoid-tissue alloantigen loci, detectable by the cytotoxic test on nucleated cells of various lymphoid organs, lymphocytes (Ly loci), thymocytes (Thy loci), thymocytes and leukemias (Tla loci), and plasma cells (Pea loci); 3. histocompatibility (H) loci, detectable by tissue, primarily skin and tumor transplantation.