cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New rapid and accurate method to measure low-energy-electron-diffraction beam intensities: The intensities from the clean Pt (111) crystal face

The intensities of the low-energy-electron-diffraction beams backscattered from the clean platinum (111) surface are measured by a photographic technique. The fluorescent screen in a conventional low-energy-electron-diffraction chamber is photographed at various incident electron energies in electron-volt intervals in the range of 20 to 200 eV. The film is then machine developed and scanned using a computer-controlled digital-output microdensitometer. The intensity profiles of all of the diffraction beams can be obtained simultaneously this way in ten minutes and these are identical to those measured by telephotometer. The film can readily monitor three orders of magnitude change in intensity. The photographic diffraction-beam-intensity measurement is particularly useful when time-dependent changes in the beam intensities due to adsorption, chemical reactions or electron-beam-surface interactions occur or when many diffraction beams are present as in the case of coincidence lattices or reconstructed surfaces. The diffraction beams from the clean platinum (111) crystal face have been measured by both photography and telephotometry and the intensity profiles necessary to carry out surface-structure analysis are reported. (auth)
Stress on health-related quality of life in older adults: the protective nature of mindfulness

Objectives: The current study examined whether the link between stress and health-related quality of life was buffered by protective factors, namely mindfulness, in a sample of middle-aged and older adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 134 healthy, community-dwelling adults (ages 50–85 years) were recruited from Dallas, TX. The participants were screened for depressive symptoms and severity (using the Patient Health Questionnaire [PHQ-9]). All participants completed measures of self-reported health status (i.e. SF36v2: mental and physical health composites), life stress (using the Elders Life Stress Inventory [ELSI]), and trait mindfulness (i.e. Mindful Attention Awareness Scale). Results: Hierarchical regressions (covarying for age, gender, and education) showed that life stress was inversely related to physical and mental health. Mindfulness was positively related to mental health. The negative effect of life stress on mental health was weakened for those individuals with higher levels of trait mindfulness. Conclusions: The results suggest that mindfulness is a powerful, adaptive strategy that may protect middle-aged and older adults from the well-known harmful effects of stress on mental health.
Late Miocene paleoclimatology: Subantarctic water mass, Southwest Pacific

Abstract The Late Miocene—Early Pliocene paleoclimatic history has been evaluated for a deep drilled sediment sequence at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 281 and a shallow water marine sediment sequence at Blind River, New ealand, both of which lay within the Subantarctic water mass during the Late Miocene. A major, faunally determined, cooling event within the latest Miocene at Site 281 and Blind River coincides with oxygen isotopic changes in benthonic foraminiferal composition at DSDP Site 284 considered by Shackleton and Kennett (1975) to indicate a significant increase in Antarctic ice sheet volume. However, at Site 281 benthonic foraminiferal oxygen isotopic changes do not record such a large increase in Antarctic ice volume. It is possible that the critical interval is within an unsampled section (no recovery) in the latest Miocene. Two benthonic oxygen isotopic events in the Late Miocene (0.5‰ and 1‰ in the light direction) may be useful as time-stratigraphic markers. A permanent, negative, carbon isotopic shift at both Site 281 and Blind River allows precise correlations to be made between the two sections and to other sites in the Pacific region. Close interval sampling below the carbon shift at Site 281 revealed dramatic fluctuations in surface-water temperatures prior to a latest Miocene interval of refrigeration (Kapitean) and a strong pulse of dissolution between 6.6 and 6.2 ± 0.1 m.y. which may be related to a fundamental geochemical change in the oceans at the time of the carbon shift (6.3−6.2 m.y.). No similar close interval sampling at Blind River was possible because of a lack of outcrop over the critical interval. Paleoclimatic histories from the two sections are very similar. Surface water temperatures and Antarctic ice-cap volume appear to have been relatively stable during the late Middle—early Late Miocene (early—late Tongaporutuan). By 6.4 m.y. cooler conditions prevailed at Site 281. Between 6.3 and 6.2 ± 0.1 m.y. the carbon isotopic shift occurred followed, within 100,000 yr, by a distinct shallowing of water depths at Blind River. The earliest Pliocene (Opoitian) is marked by increasing surface-water temperatures.
On-line computerized career guidance

The background, rationale, and development of an on-line computerized career guidance system are presented. Special emphasis is placed on the relationship between the conceptual theory and the working design for the system.
Pregnancy-specific β-1-glycoprotein 1 and human leukocyte antigen-E mRNA in human sperm: differential expression in fertile and infertile men and evidence of a possible functional role during early development

methods: Real-time RT- PCR was used to analyze sperm mRNA levels (n ¼ 11 fertile, n ¼ 31 infertile patients) of PSG1, HLA-E and PRM2 (protamine 2). The presence of PSG1 and HLA-E proteins was evaluated by western blot in sperm protein extracts (n ¼ 3). Using ICSI of human sperm into hamster oocytes we evaluated the permanence of these mRNAs at different time points (n ¼ 10 for each time) after fertilization. results: PSG1, HLA-E and PRM2 transcripts were demonstrated in ejaculated sperm. The fertile group showed significantly higher levels of PSG1 and HLA-E mRNA (both P , 0.05) than the infertile group, whereas PRM2 levels were not significantly different. However, PSG1 and HLA-E proteins were not found in ejaculated sperm. Following ICSI, PRM2 was undetectable after fertilization; conversely, PSG1 and HLA-E transcripts remained detectable for at least 24 h of zygotic development. conclusions: We provide new evidence that indicates that human sperm deliver transcripts that may have a role in early embryo development and decreased levels of these transcripts may be associated with infertility.
Evaluation of Light-Triggered Thyristors for Pulsed Power Applications

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has many needs for high reliability, high peak current, high di/dt switches. Solid-state switch technology offers the demonstrated advantage of reliability under a variety of conditions. Light-triggered switches operate with a reduced susceptibility to electromagnetic interference commonly found within pulsed power environments. Despite the advantages, commercially available solid-state switches are not typically designed for the often extreme pulsed power requirements. Testing was performed to bound the limits of devices for pulsed power applications beyond the manufacturers' specified ratings. To test the applicability of recent commercial light-triggered solid-state designs, an adjustable high current switch test stand was assembled. Results from testing and subsequent selected implementations are presented.
Effect of Matrix Molecular Weight on the Dispersion of Nanoclay in Unmodified High Density Polyethylene

The effect that polymer molecular weight has on the dispersion of relatively polar montmorillonite (MMT) in nonpolar, unmodified high density polyethylene (HDPE) was examined. Polymer layered silicate (PLS) nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding in a single screw extruder using three unmodified HDPE matrices of differing molecular weight and organically modified MMT (organoclay) in concentrations ranging from 2 to 8 wt%. The weight average molecular weights (MW) of the HDPE matrices used ranged from 87,000 to 460,000 g/mol. X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and dynamic rheometry were performed on these nanocomposites. Nanocomposites generated from the high molecular weight (HMW) HDPE matrix exhibited increased intercalation of the MMT as shown by XRD and greater improvements in the Young’s modulus when compared with nanocomposites generated from the low (LMW) and middle molecular weight (MMW) matrices. DMTA measurements carried out in torsion showed that the increase in shear modulus of the HMW nanocomposites was not as great as that of the LMW and MMW counterparts as observed from a lower percentage enhancement in the storage modulus (G 0 ) and estimated heat distortion temperature (HDT). This was attributed to the higher degree of mechanical anisotropy in the HMW nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS.,
The middle fossa approach for the removal of a trochlear schwannoma.

Objectives. Schwannomas originating from the trochlear nerve are extremely rare; only 30 cases have been reported in the literature. Many operative approaches have been utilized for lesion resection, but the advantages of the anterior transpetrosal approach are numerous and include excellent exposure, minimal extradural retraction of the temporal lobe, and minimal cerebrospinal fluid leaks. We report the second case of a trochlear schwannoma resected via the anterior transpetrosal approach. Setting. A 64-year-old male presented with 3-month history of diplopia and headaches. On physical examination, he was found to have a right fourth nerve palsy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass within the right ambient cistern compressing the adjacent midbrain. A right-sided anterior transpetrosal approach was used—which confirmed that the trochlear nerve entered the mass—to achieve gross total resection. Pathological examination confirmed diagnosis of schwannoma. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3. He experienced a persistent fourth nerve palsy postoperatively with an otherwise normal neurological examination. Follow-up imaging confirmed complete removal of the tumor. Conclusion. The anterior transpetrosal approach is an excellent approach for removal of trochlear schwannomas involving the cisternal course of the trochlear nerve. It affords complete visualization of this anatomical region while introducing minimal morbidity.
Numerical prediction of neural activation in electrically stimulated retina

Degenerative retinal diseases such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) result in progressive loss of photoreceptor cells in the retina without completely disrupting the rest of the visual neural path. Implantable retinal prostheses have been shown to be capable of restoring some form of vision to patients affected by these conditions by providing systematic electrical stimulation to the retinal ganglion cells, thus partially replacing the functionality of the diseased photoreceptors cells. In this paper, we determine the areas where retinal ganglion cells are depolarized and hyperpolarized by the artificial electrical stimulation. This is achieved by calculating the activation function from the potential scalar field obtained using the admittance method with three-dimensional models of the retina, implanted electrode, and surrounding tissue.
Effects of fasting on insulin and glucagon secretion by isolated rat islets of Langerhans.

SummaryRats fasted for periods of 24, 48, or 72 hr showed no changes in plasma glucagon concentration despite lowered blood glucose concentration. Islets isolated from both fed and fasted animals elicited biphasic glucagon and insulin secretion when stimulated with arginine and glucose, respectively. There were no differences in glucagon secretion rates between islets prepared from fed and fasted animals. Significant reductions in both the first and second phases of insulin secretion were observed in islets prepared from fasting animals.The authors wish to thank Ms. Carol Grimme and Ms. D. Barr for typing the manuscript, and Dr. A. Pagliara for anti-glucagon serum. This work was made possible by Public Health Service Grant AM-165 34.
How administrators facilitate quality teaching

Administrators have considerable impact on the quality of teaching if they are able to develop organizational environments in which faculty members feel creative and vital.
Chronic Alcohol Induces M2 Polarization Enhancing Pulmonary Disease Caused by Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution

Background: Chronic alcohol consumption causes persistent oxidative stress in the lung, leading to impaired alveolar macrophage (AM) function and impaired immune responses. AMs play a critical role in protecting the lung from particulate matter (PM) inhalation by removing particulates from the airway and secreting factors which mediate airway repair. We hypothesized AM dysfunction caused by chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of injury caused by PM inhalation. Methods: Age- and sex-matched C57BL/6 mice were fed the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing either alcohol or an isocaloric substitution (control diet) for 8 weeks. Mice from both diet groups were exposed to combustion-derived PM (CDPM) for the final 2 weeks. AM number, maturation, and polarization status were assessed by flow cytometry. Noninvasive and invasive strategies were used to assess pulmonary function and correlated with histomorphological assessments of airway structure and matrix deposition. Results: Co-exposure to alcohol and CDPM decreased AM number and maturation status (CD11c expression), while increasing markers of M2 activation (interleukin [IL]-4Ra, Ym1, Fizz1 expression, and IL-10 and transforming growth factor [TGF]-b production). Changes in AM function were accompanied by decreased airway compliance and increased elastance. Altered lung function was attributable to elevated collagen content localized to the small airways and loss of alveolar integrity. Intranasal administration of neutralizing antibody to TGF-b during the CDPM exposure period improved changes in airway compliance and elastance, while reducing collagen content caused by co-exposure. Conclusions: Combustion-derived PM inhalation causes enhanced disease severity in the alcoholic lung by stimulating the release of latent TGF-b stores in AMs. The combinatorial effect of elevated TGF-b, M2 polarization of AMs, and increased oxidative stress impairs pulmonary function by
Single Liver Lobe Repopulation with Wildtype Hepatocytes Using Regional Hepatic Irradiation Cures Jaundice in Gunn Rats

Background and Aims: Preparative hepatic irradiation (HIR), together with mitotic stimulation of hepatocytes, permits extensive hepatic repopulation by transplanted hepatocytes in rats and mice. However, whole liver HIR is associated with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD), which limits its potential therapeutic application. In clinical experience, restricting HIR to a fraction of the liver reduces the susceptibility to RILD. Here we test the hypothesis that repopulation of selected liver lobes by regional HIR should be sufficient to correct some inherited metabolic disorders. Methods: Hepatocytes (10 7 ) isolated from wildtype F344 rats or Wistar-RHA rats were engrafted into the livers of congeneic dipeptidylpeptidase IV deficient (DPPIV 2 ) rats or uridinediphosphoglucuronateglucuronosyltransferase-1A1-deficient jaundiced Gunn rats respectively by intrasplenic injection 24 hr after HIR (50 Gy) targeted to the median lobe, or median plus left liver lobes. An adenovector expressing hepatocyte growth factor (10 11 particles) was injected intravenously 24 hr after transplantation. Results: Three months after hepatocyte transplantation in DPPIV 2 rats, 30–60% of the recipient hepatocytes were replaced by donor cells in the irradiated lobe, but not in the nonirradiated lobes. In Gunn rats receiving median lobe HIR, serum bilirubin declined from pretreatment levels of 5.1760.78 mg/dl to 0.9660.30 mg/dl in 8 weeks and remained at this level throughout the 16 week observation period. A similar effect was observed in the group, receiving median plus left lobe irradiation. Conclusions: As little as 20% repopulation of 30% of the liver volume was sufficient to correct hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats, highlighting the potential of regiospecific HIR in hepatocyte transplantation-based therapy of inherited metabolic liver diseases.
Factors Associated With Healthcare Utilization Among Children With Noncardiac Chest Pain and Innocent Heart Murmurs

Objective To examine differences in factors related to health care utilization (HCU) among children eventually diagnosed with noncardiac chest pain (NCCP) or an innocent heart murmur (IHM). Methods 67 pediatric patients with NCCP and 62 with IHM and their parent/guardian completed paper-and-pencil measures of psychological functioning and past HCU during an initial visit to the cardiologist’s office. Results Children with NCCP utilized significantly more health care services compared to their IHM counterparts in the year prior to their cardiology visit. Children in the NCCP group had higher internalizing and somatic symptoms, and their parents experienced more anxious symptoms, than those in the IHM group. For the NCCP group only, child and parent psychological symptoms and parent HCU were positively related to child HCU. Conclusions Results identify possible child and parent psychological factors that may be the focus of interventions to reduce high rates of HCU among children with NCCP.
Thematic video thumbnail selection

Existing techniques to automatically create image thumbnail(s) for videos are mostly based on low-level feature analysis of the video frames, such as color and motion information. However, these approaches do not contain semantic models of the underlying theme of the video, and as a result, the selected frames may not be semantically representative. To address this problem, we propose a theme-based keyframe selection algorithm that explicitly models the visual characteristics of the underlying video theme. This thematic model is constructed by finding the common features of relevant visual samples, which are obtained by querying a visual database with keywords associated with the video. Our initial testing on a set of videos shows promising results of our video thumbnail image selection method.
Effects and optimization of visual-proprioceptive discrepancy reduction for virtual grasping

A virtual hand can intentionally deviate from the real hand configuration to improve interaction and experience. Subsequent discrepancy reduction (convergence) is important to avoid undesirable side effects such as grasping difficulty. Prior work did not study convergence motion effects adequately to understand finger motions and speed effects. We present the first grasping-focused studies on convergence motion speed effects. The results are important for optimizing convergence motion and can contribute to guidelines for related interaction types.
Does habitat heterogeneity in a multi-use landscape influence survival rates and density of a native mesocarnivore?

The relationships between predators, prey, and habitat have long been of interest to applied and basic ecologists. As a native Great Plains mesocarnivore of North America, swift foxes (Vulpes velox) depended on the historic disturbance regime to maintain open grassland habitat. With a decline in native grasslands and subsequent impacts to prairie specialists, notably the swift fox, understanding the influence of habitat on native predators is paramount to future management efforts. From 2001 to 2004, we investigated the influence of vegetation structure on swift fox population ecology (survival and density) on and around the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, southeastern Colorado, USA. We monitored 109 foxes on 6 study sites exposed to 3 different disturbance regimes (military training, grazing, unused). On each site we evaluated vegetation structure based on shrub density, basal coverage, vegetation height, and litter. Across all sites, annual fox survival rates ranged from 0.50 to 0.92 for adults and 0.27 to 0.78 for juveniles. Among sites, population estimates ranged from 1 to 7 foxes per 10 km transect. Fox density or survival was not related to the relative abundance of prey. A robust model estimating fox population size and incorporating both shrub density and percent basal cover as explanatory variables far outperformed all other models. Our results supported the idea that, in our region, swift foxes were shortgrass prairie specialists and also indicated a relationship between habitat quality and landscape heterogeneity. We suggest the regulation of swift fox populations may be based on habitat quality through landscape-mediated survival, and managers may effectively use disturbance regimes to create or maintain habitat for this native mesocarnivore.
Differing Perceptions in Dating Couples: Sex Roles vs. Alternative Explanations

A longitudinal study of 231 dating couples investigated differences between partners' perceptions of their relationship. Sources of differing perceptions and the impact of perceptual differences on...
Nostalgic longings and imaginary Indias: Postcolonial analysis, collective memories, and the impeachment trial of Warren Hastings

This essay provides a postcolonial analysis of the collective memories of the Warren Hastings trial. The author argues that this decade long affair forced both Parliament and the British public to rethink their views on the role that imperial responsibility would play in “British India” and in the future of the British Empire. The essay advances the claim that a postcolonial analysis of the collective memories of the trials reveals how both Edmund Burke and Warren Hastings offered competing visions of imperial responsibility that resonated with different audiences throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The trials provided some of the key legal principles and arguments that would be used to justify the maintenance of empire.
Direct Democracy and the Internet

I. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT The Internet offers a potential for direct democracy so profound that it may well transform not only our system of politics but also our very form of government. Since the 1960s, electoral politics in the United States has been dominated by television advertising. In 1996, $260 million was spent on TV ads by all state and federal candidates combined. But as the Internet is growing, the television audience is shrinking. Between 1978 and 1998, the percentage of American households who watch prime time television has shrunk from 90% to 45%. In the four-year period from 1995 to 1999, the ratings of top television network news shows have dropped almost one-third from a 9 rating in 1995 to a 6.5 rating in 1999. Recently, 33% of Americans reported that the Internet was their major source for news and only 26% of those who use the Internet for news also watch television to keep up to date. As the television audience shrinks and the Internet usership expands, politicians will follow their voters in shifting their focus from on-air to online. Like hunting lions who must follow the migration of the antelopes on whom they feed, political campaigns will have no choice but to transfer the bulk of their attention to the Internet. This trend will decrease the reliance on large financial contributors and will reverse the long-term trend toward more and more expensive
Oh Dad Poor Dad, Your Daughter Has Looked in Your Closet and I¿m Feeling So Sad: Daughters Dissing Daddy in the Memoir

Alors que certaines publications en sciences sociales explorent les mefaits de la paternite absente ou defaillante, et que des publications masculines de memoires d'enfance cherchent a restituer le bon cote de la paternite, des memoires feminins decrivent le cote sombre de la paternite presente. Ces memoires suggerent que des femmes contemporaines ne sentent aucune componction a faire la paix avec leurs peres ou a soutenir les arguments recents sur l'importance sociale et culturelle des peres, repudiant ceux-ci dans leurs ecrits. Ces femmes - ces filles - decrivent les effets deleteres de la vie avec leur pere. Dans ces memoires, elles triomphent de l'adversite de leur enfance, et de leurs peres. Ces filles deviennent des enfants transcendes, des adultes qui surmontent les deficits de leur passe afin de transcender une enfance difficile
Multiple Sequence Elements Facilitate Chp Rho GTPase Subcellular Location, Membrane Association, and Transforming Activity

Cdc42 homologous protein (Chp) is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases and shares significant sequence and functional similarity with Cdc42. However, unlike classical Rho GTPases, we recently found that Chp depends on palmitoylation, rather than prenylation, for association with cellular membranes. Because palmitoylation alone is typically not sufficient to promote membrane association, we evaluated the possibility that other carboxy-terminal residues facilitate Chp subcellular association with membranes. We found that Chp membrane association and transforming activity was dependent on the integrity of a stretch of basic amino acids in the carboxy terminus of Chp and that the basic amino acids were not simply part of a palmitoyl acyltransferase recognition motif. We also determined that the 11 carboxy-terminal residues alone were sufficient to promote Chp plasma and endomembrane association. Interestingly, stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha activated only endomembrane-associated Chp. Finally, we found that Chp membrane association was not disrupted by Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitory proteins, which are negative regulators of Cdc42 membrane association and biological activity. In summary, the unique carboxy-terminal sequence elements that promote Chp subcellular location and function expand the complexity of mechanisms by which the cellular functions of Rho GTPases are regulated.
Template-controlled reactivity: Following nature's way to design and construct metal-organic polyhedra and polygons

We show how a template-controlled reaction performed in the organic solid state can be used to construct a molecule that functions as an organic building unit of both a metal-organic polyhedron and polygon. The template is a small organic molecule that organizes two olefins via hydrogen bonds for a [2+2] photodimerization. The process of utilizing a molecule to build a molecule that is subsequently used for self-assembly is inspired by the general two-step process of template-directed synthesis and self-assembly of Nature that is used to construct large, functional self-assembled structures.
Fostering Student Engagement: Examining the Roles of Self, History and Cultural Identity.

This paper describes and analyzes a Debate-Discussion Learning Project designed to foster student engagement with the subject matter and each other in reflective and analytical dialogues. This project is a significant component of a course, The Rhetoric of the Civil Rights Movement, which has a major goal of understanding how the legacy of racial discrimination in the past impacts self and cultural identity. In this essay, I argue that the design of the course and in particular the debate-discussion component, purposely created with a collaborative learning approach, successfully engaged students in substantive discussions of the events of the Civil Rights era and its present-day impact. This paper provides a brief review of literature on collaborative learning; a description of the course and the “Debate-Discussion Learning Project”; an analysis of why the project worked; and, best practices for using debate-discussion across disciplines.
A New Genus and Species of Bothrosternina (coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Ecuador

Akrobothrus ecuadoriensis, new genus and species of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Bothrosternina) is described from the Ecuadorian Amazon. Its highly unusual elytral morphology, with a distinct depression around the scutellum, distinguishes it from all known species within the subtribe. In the male specimen, this depression results in a large spade-shaped scutellum that extends out over the elytral suture. Akrobothrus can be separated from other genera of Bothrosternina by a unique combination of characters. The antennal club is elongate and parallel-sided with 3 segments divided by procurved and recurved sutures. The lateral margins of the pronotum are costate and the prothroracic intercoxal piece has a transverse subcarinate ridge.
String Analysis for Vulnerability Detection and Repair

String manipulation errors in input validation and sanitization code are a common source for security vulnerabilities in web applications. This short survey summarizes the string analysis techniques we developed that can automatically identify and repair such vulnerabilities. Our approach 1 extracts client- and server-side input validation and sanitization functions, 2 models them as deterministic finite automata DFA using symbolic fixpoint computations, and 3 identifies errors in input validation and sanitization code by either checking them with respect to manually specified attack patterns, or by identifying inconsistencies in input validation and sanitization operations at the client and server-side. Furthermore, we developed automated repair techniques that strengthen the input validation and sanitization checks in order to eliminate identified vulnerabilities. We implemented these techniques in two tools: Stranger STRing AutomatoN GEneratoR and SemRep SEMantic differential REPair, which are available at: http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~vlab/tools.html. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that these techniques are very promising: when applied to a set of real-world web applications, our techniques are able to automatically identify a large number of security vulnerabilities and repair them.
Deregulation and Unemployment: A Cross-market Channel

This paper explores the effects of deregulation in product and labor markets, and particularly the interaction between these two markets, on relieving unemployment. Introducing product market entry costs and labor market firing costs into a Mortensen-Pissarides matching model, the theory reveals the existence of positive spillover of institutions under various wage settings, and thus uncovers an important cross-market channel through which deregulation can improve labor market outcome. More important, taking the interaction effect into consideration helps correct a major misspecification in the empirical literature, and recovers much larger effects of market institutions on unemployment. Empirical studies using an original industry-level panel dataset across OECD countries confirm and quantify our theoretical findings.
Trauma transfers to a rural level 1 center: a retrospective cohort study.

The regionalization of trauma care, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act of 1986, the advent of Accountable Care Organizations and bundled payments have brought Level 1 trauma centers (TC) to a new crossroads. By protocol, injured patients are preferentially transferred to designated TCs when a higher level of care is indicated. Trauma transfers frequently come during off hours and may not always appear to be related to injury severity. Based on this observation, we hypothesized patients transferred from regional hospitals to Level 1 TCs would have lower injury severity scores (ISS) and unfavorable payor status. We queried our TC registry to identify trauma transfers (TTP) and primary trauma patients (PTP) treated at our level 1 TC between 2004 and 2012. Demographics, payor status, length of stay (LOS), injury severity score (ISS), and discharging service were compared. 5699 TTP and 11147 PTP were identified. Uninsured patients comprised 11 % (n = 602) of TTP compared with 15 % (n = 1,721) of PTP (P < 0.0001). Surprisingly 52 % of TTP were Medicare or HMO (n = 3008) beneficiaries, versus 42 % of PTP being Medicare or HMO (n = 4614) recipients (P < 0.0001). Patients were discharged predominantly by neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery (i.e.: General Adult and General Pediatric comprised <50 % of discharges) for all trauma admissions. Adult and Pediatric Trauma services accounted for 29 % (n = 1674) of TTP versus 45 % of PTP (n = 5045) discharges (P < 0.0001). Mean Injury Severity Score of TTP was found to be 11.5 ± 0.11, in comparison to 11.6 ± 0.11 in PTP (P = 0.42), while mean LOS was 5.6 ± 0.1 days for TTP and 5.9 ± 0.1 days for PTP (P = 0.06). These data suggest designated trauma centers should continue to encourage and accept appropriate transfer of trauma patients for surgical subspecialty care. The perception trauma transfers increase institutional fiscal burden is unsubstantiated.
Cassini’s Cross Discipline Target Working Team: Advanced Planning of Long Temporal Intervals during the Mission to Saturn

The Cassini spacecraft has been orbiting Saturn since July 1, 2004. The Cross Discipline Target Working Team (XDTWT) has integrated the science for approximately 60% of Cassini’s time at Saturn. XDTWT is responsible for generating a conflict-free timeline of interdisciplinary science during apoapse and during highly contentious periapse. XD is unique in that it advocates equally for each of the five Cassini-defined science disciplines: Titan, Icy Satellites, Magnetospheric and Plasma Science, Saturn and Rings. XDTWT is also responsible for centralizing instrument calibration and providing target opportunities for Cassini’s successful outreach program, Scientist for a Day. The breadth of the XD’s task and the magnitude of the assigned time have resulted in workforce and operational issues. However, XDTWT has been honed to the point where this work is now accomplished with only one scientist and one engineer coordinating a team via a distributed operations concept that requires 4 teleconferences per year to manage. This is primarily accomplished through the use of very thorough advanced preparation prior to the development of the initial science timeline and the use of seasoned integrators. Simplification required to support spacecraft reaction wheel health and decreasing data volume capacity have also aided the success of this group during a time of reduced financial resources and staffing.
ASSESSMENT OF SHORING SYSTEM FOR SAFETY OF ELEVATED SLAB FORMWORK USING NESTED FACTOR DESIGNS

The objective of this paper is to present the results of a statistical analysis for the performance of the shore slope to determine the stability of metal single post shores in high-clearance elevated slab formwork. Considering the potential collapse of elevated slab formwork during concrete placement due to deficiencies in regular vertical shores, the assessment of shoring system for safety is significant. There is no specified slope tolerance regulation for shoring systems since one recognizes all post shores being plumb from a common sense standpoint as well as the existing regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the accuracy of the shoring installation. In doing so, nested factor designs have been conducted to compare the stability of low-clearance shoring systems to that of high-clearance shoring systems, using shore slope data measured on actual construction sites. The average error for the shore slope was 3.156 degrees. Experimental results are inconclusive because there is no difference among the averages of high-clearance/low-clearance projects for the shore slope. However, it is conclusive that there is a variation among the locations within high-clearance/low-clearance projects. The results of the statistical analysis indicate that the accurate installation of the shore is an important factor for the shoring safety during construction in high-clearance concrete buildings. It is strongly suggested that the error in the single post shore slope be considered when conducting a structural analysis for shoring systems in high-clearance elevated slab formwork construction.
Exploiting sensor mobility and covariance sparsity for distributed tracking of multiple sparse targets

The problem of distributed tracking of multiple targets is tackled by exploiting sensor mobility and the presence of sparsity in the sensor data covariance matrix. Sparse matrix decomposition relying on norm-one/two regularization is integrated with a kinematic framework to identify informative sensors, associate them with the targets, and enable them to follow closely the moving targets. Coordinate descent techniques are employed to determine in a distributed way the target-informative sensors, while the modified barrier method is employed to minimize proper error covariance matrices acquired by extended Kalman filtering. Different from existing approaches which force all sensors to move, here, local updating recursive rules are obtained only for the target-informative sensors that can update their location and follow closely the corresponding targets while staying connected. Simulations advocate that the proposed scheme outperforms alternative tracking schemes while accurately tracks multiple targets by imposing mobility only on the target-informative sensors.
The Study of Hospital-Acquired Infections in Patients with Cancer in The Red Cross Hospital of Yulin

Objectives:To investigate the risk factor for hospital-acquired infections in Patients with Cancer, and strategies for controlling the disease .Methods:An analysis was made on the data of hospital-acquired infections from 73 690 hospitalized cases from January 2009 to December 2011.Results:There were 1559 patients with hospital-acquired infections, including 802 patients with Cancer. The hospital-acquired infections rate in Patients with Cancer was 51.44 percent. In all types of infections, 37.2 percent were respiratory system infections, which were the highest infection rates, 13.96 percent were oral infections, 1 percent were blood system infections, which were the lowest infection rates. The patients with Cancer,aged between 3 months and 65 years, including 505 men, 297 women. Their hospital stays were from 4 to 181 days. Hospital-acquired infections were mainly relates to cancer, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and operation. Conclusion:The main hospital-acquired infections were respiratory system infections, most of them were Elderly patients. Cancer and the main treatment for cancer were the risk factors of N hospital-acquired infections in Patients with Cancer. We should strengthen the prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections at all sides.
Nonmanifest left-right model contribution to the lifetime difference in D 0 − D ¯ 0 mixing

The new physics contribution to the lifetime difference in ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{-}{\overline{D}}^{0}$ mixing is reexamined within the nonmanifest left-right symmetric model. Diagrams with one of $\ensuremath{\Delta}C=1$ transitions, mediated by a propagator with ${W}_{L}\ensuremath{-}{W}_{R}$ mixing, are revisited. While these diagrams are believed to give the dominant contribution, compatible with the experimental data, it is shown that, due to Glashow-Iliopoulos-Miani (GIM) cancellation, such diagrams are negligible in sum. Thus, the left-right symmetric model contribution to the lifetime difference in ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{-}{\overline{D}}^{0}$ mixing is about 2 orders of magnitude less than actual experimental value for $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{D}$.
ENDOR of Spin Labels for Structure Determination: From Small Molecules to Enzyme Reaction Intermediates

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a sensitive method for probing the electronic and molecular structure of paramagnetic sites because the energies of microwave-induced transitions of unpaired electrons are modulated by interactions with nearby magnetic nuclei. This phenomenon is known as hyperfine (hf) interaction; measuring the strength of this interaction yields precise information about the electronic structure of the paramagnetic site and the geometric arrangement of magnetic nuclei in its immediate environment. While the most detailed information
Germ Cells Need Folate to Proliferate

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Chaudhari and colleagues (2016) use a novel method to create an in vitro proliferative cell line from tumorous C. elegans germ cells, and in the process discover that bacterial folates act as signals for proliferation, independent of their roles as vitamins.
Dodecafluoropentane Improves Neurological Function Following Anterior Ischemic Stroke

Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe), an advanced oxygen transport drug, given IV at 90-min intervals maintains viability in the penumbra during cerebral ischemia in the standard rabbit anterior stroke model (STND). This study investigated shortened dosage schedules of DDFPe in nonstandard posterior (NSTND) strokes following occlusions of the posterior cerebral arteries. DDFPe given at shortened schedules of 30 or 60-min injection intervals will reduce neurological deficits, percent stroke volume (%SV), and serum glutamate levels in NSTND ischemic strokes. New Zealand White rabbits (N = 26) were randomly placed into three groups: A (n = 9) controls given saline injections every 60 min, B (n = 9) 2 % DDFPe given IV every 30 min, and C (n = 8) DDFPe every 60 min. Injections began 1 h after embolization. Groups were subdivided into STND and NSTND based on angiographically verified embolization of the cerebral arteries. Neurological assessments and blood samples were done at 0.5-1-h intervals. Rabbits were euthanized at 7 h following embolization. Stained brain slices were measured for %SV. The 30 and 60-min subgroups did not differ and were combined as DDFPe-STND or DDFPe-NSTND groups. In the DDFPe-STND stroke group, the %SV, neurological assessment scores (NAS), and serum glutamate were decreased vs. STND controls (p = 0.0016, 0.008, and 0.016, respectively). In the DDFPe-NSTND stroke group, %SV, NAS, and serum glutamate did not differ statistically compared to NSTND controls (p = 0.82, 0.097, and 0.06, respectively). More frequent dosage schedules provided no additional improvement. In anterior strokes, DDFPe improves recovery but not in the more severe NSTND strokes.
Tax Infinity & Beyond

Commercial activities in space are going to expand thanks to new game-changing technologies being developed by Space Entrepreneurs. These entrepreneurs have pledged to reduce the cost of accessing space, and plan to unlock new horizons for innovative space markets, such as mining space-based resources and space tourism. Signs are showing in Congress of the impact that the space technology phenomenon is having on the U.S. legal system and on other governments' policy decisions worldwide. Realizing the promise of expanding the United States' aerospace economy has raised myriad legal challenges, one of which is the issue of taxation. Thus, there is no time like the present to review the tax rules, at both the federal and the international levels, to ensure the sustainability of a policy that is clearly in the public interest. With the globalization of the world, the dramatically changing economic platforms and with the anticipated BEPS-driven changes to domestic law and double tax treaties once implemented, now might be the right time to rethink the current source rule for space-based income. A space tax regime should be formulated to ultimately prevent the space industry from engaging in the kind of harmful tax avoidance, through profit-shifting to tax havens, that has plagued income from the shipping industry. The space tax regime should also enable to provide some economic certainty (read: return on investment) to the entrepreneurial members of the private sector. This will ensure that they will embrace and promote the Second Space-Age while maintaining the peaceful state of affairs, and encourage the participation of multinational corporations and nongovernmental entities in the exploration of space and its commercial uses. In addition, an effort could be made to coordinate the approach to space-based taxation with the United States' international obligations under the Space law. This is the time to consider that a small step for legislation can be a giant leap towards a broad tax base. Space could very well be the right place to enforce a unique and different tax approach.
Electroclinical Phenotypes and Outcomes in TBC1D24-Related Epilepsy (P5.156)

Objective: We describe a series of four patients with novel TBC1D24 mutations with variable electroclinical phenotypes. Background: TBC1D24 is a newly recognized, autosomal recessive gene in which mutations lead to highly variable clinical phenotypes, ranging from non-syndromic hearing loss to medically intractable epilepsy. Epilepsy phenotypes described in the literature include familial infantile myoclonic epilepsy, malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy, and DOORS Syndrome (deafness, onychodystrophy, osteodystrophy, intellectual disabilities, and seizures). Methods: An IRB approved retrospective chart review was performed at Phoenix Children’s Hospital on patients with epilepsy related to TBC1D24 mutations. Data included genetic mutations, age, gender, demographics, seizure characteristics, treatments, and developmental and seizure outcomes. Results: Four children with TBC1D24-related epilepsy were identified. Three children were female and one was male. Two unrelated Navajo children carried novel compound heterozygous mutations inherited in trans (c.121C>T; p.Gln41Ter and c.321T>A; p.Asn107Lys), and two Hispanic siblings carried novel compound heterozygote mutations inherited in trans (c.845C>G; p.Pro282Arg and c.919A>G; p.Asn307Asp). Seizure onset ranged from day one of birth to three months of age. All patients had seizure semiologies consisting of prolonged unilateral focal clonic activity of the arm, leg or face in addition to generalized tonic clonic convulsions. Ictal EEG recordings included epilepsia partialis continua, malignant migrating seizures in infancy, and unihemispheric status epilepticus. All patients had developmental delays and deceleration of head growth. The two Navajo patients experienced super-refractory status epilepticus at 8-9 months of age, and one passed away as a result. The two Hispanic siblings remain with medically intractable epilepsy at 15 and 23 months. Conclusions: We report four patients with novel mutations to TBC1D24, demonstrating medically-intractable focal epilepsy, developmental delays, head growth deceleration and varied EEG findings that expand the existing electroclinical phenotypes of seizures associated with this condition. Disclosure: Dr. Appavu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Guido-Estrada has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lindstrom has nothing to disclose. Dr. Troester has nothing to disclose.
On consecutive primitive nth roots of unity modulo q

Abstract Given n ∈ N , we study the conditions under which a finite field of prime order q will have adjacent elements of multiplicative order n . In particular, we analyze the resultant of the cyclotomic polynomial Φ n ( x ) with Φ n ( x + 1 ) , and exhibit Lucas and Mersenne divisors of this quantity. For each n ≠ 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 , we prove the existence of a prime q n for which there is an element α ∈ Z q n where α and α + 1 both have multiplicative order n . Additionally, we use algebraic norms to set analytic upper bounds on the size and quantity of these primes.
Using a compact broadband IR spectrometer to search for lunar volatiles with a first generation deep space CubeSat

Lunar Ice Cube, a science requirements-driven deep space exploration 6U cubesat mission was select-ed for a NASA HEOMD NextSTEP slot on the EM1 launch. We are developing a compact broadband IR instrument for a high priority science application: un-derstanding volatile origin, distribution, and ongoing processes in the inner solar system. JPL’s Lunar Flash-light, and Arizona State University’s LunaH-Map, both also EM1 lunar orbiters, will provide complimentary observations to be used in understanding volatile dynamics on the Moon.