cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radial Head Subluxation: Factors Associated with Its Recurrence and Radiographic Evaluation in a Tertiary Pediatric Emergency Department.

Abstract Background Radial head subluxation (RHS) is a common complaint seen in the pediatric emergency department in children ages 6 months to 4 years. Classically, injury occurs due to axial traction on the arm, but this mechanism is not universal. Some patients will have recurrent RHS; some may undergo x-ray (XR) evaluation for alternative diagnosis. Objectives To determine factors associated with recurrences and radiographic evaluations in RHS. Methods A retrospective study with inclusion criteria: under 10 years of age with discharge diagnosis "nursemaid," "radial head," or "subluxation." We examined factors associated with RHS recurrences, circumstances when radiographic evaluations performed, physician's training background (pediatric vs. general emergency medicine), mechanisms of injury, and demographic factors including age, gender, and arm involved. Results In 246 visits, median age was 27 months (interquartile range 16.1), with females comprising 55.7% (n = 137), and left-sided predominance (52%, n = 130). Mechanisms of injury were classified as "pull" (65.9%, n = 162), "non-pull" (15.9%, n = 39), and "unknown" (18.3%, n = 45). Eighteen patients with recurring RHS were more likely to be male ( p = 0.008). In 61 visits where radiography was performed, patients were older ( p = 0.03), with a higher frequency seen in non-pull and unknown mechanism ( p = 0.0001). No significant difference was found in frequency of radiographs obtained in regard to physician training ( p = 0.4660). Conclusion RHS can result from a myriad of mechanisms. We found that recurrence was more likely in male patients. Factors associated with radiographic evaluation included atypical mechanism, older age, and unclear history, regardless of physician training background.
The Limits of Contract

The roots of many international legal institutions in private law have been well established. The creative moment in which legal scholars attempted to understand the changing nature of authority after the demise of imperial formations and the intellectual assault on the viability of an ontologically based moral order has been recounted by legal scholars and political theorists alike. But even more importantly, the generative force of private law institutions for the development of the international legal order can be seen in their capacity to provide 'standard solutions' to new problems by means of analogy. One of the most recent examples is perhaps the sic utere tuo principle which has been put to good use in charting a new course for regulating trans-border pollution problems.
The chronnectome: Evaluating replicability of dynamic connectivity patterns in 7500 resting fMRI datasets

Functional fMRI data are typically analyzed under the assumption that participants experience one long, continuous connectivity state throughout rest scan sessions. The chronnectome is a model that takes into account the temporal variance in connectivity throughout a scan session. In this work, we evaluate the repeatability of properties of functional network connectivity (FNC) dynamics assessed using sliding-windowed correlations in 28 independent age-matched large samples of 250 subjects. This approach revealed that multiple discrete, reoccurring connectivity states arise during rest, and that subjects tend to remain in one connectivity state for long periods of time before transitioning to another. Occurrence time spent in certain states tends to increase as participants spend more time resting, while less time is spent in other states as time goes on. Overall, results show distinct connectivity states that are similar across groups during rest.
Materials Used as Tissue Phantoms in Medical Simulation

Medical simulation is a technique used to train students and professional healthcare providers to perform a variety of clinical procedures without placing patients at risk. While medical simulation has been shown to reduce medical errors and associated costs, there exists a need for more realistic tissue analogue materials that account for tissue biomechanical responses in various situations. This chapter provides an overview of materials used in medical simulation by discussing concepts used in the mechanical characterization of materials, the complex structure and mechanical properties of biological tissues, the chemical structure and mechanical properties of materials commonly used in medical simulators, the designs of medical simulation devices on the market today and those reported in literature, and the recent developments and future directions in this field.
A 12V-to-0.9V active-clamp forward converter power block with planar transformer, standing slab inductor and direct edge solder to motherboard

DC-to-DC power supplies for CPUs or GPUs are critical components on the motherboard of modern computer systems. Converting an intermediate bus voltage (e.g. 12 V) to the core voltage (∼0.9 V) of CPUs or GPUs must be efficient, compact and cost effective. This paper proposes an active-clamp forward converter (ACFC) power block to supply core voltage on a motherboard. The ACFC power block can be individually tested prior to assembly and vertically soldered onto the motherboard to save motherboard area. A low loss, compact planar transformer is designed into the ACFC power block PCB. A custom, standing slab inductor not only provides high inductance and high saturation current but also helps to mechanically support the power block. A one-piece copper winding connects the transformer to the inductor, thereby reducing the DC loss in the current path. Experimental results show a peak efficiency of 90.4% with a 12 V input and 0.9 V output for an output current of 25 A.
Development of a method to compare microsurgery techniques across different levels of surgical experience

Abstract Object Surgical training is often seen as very timely and cost consuming as it requires multiple interactions with other experienced physicians. Through the use of video motion capture (VMC), novice surgeon's skills will be compared objectively to those of more experienced surgeons. Methods VMC was used to capture the movements of four neurosurgery residents performing five simple tasks: (1) threading the needle through the provided plastic vessel; (2) pulling the needle through the provided plastic vessel; and (3,4,5) tying the suture three times. Results It was concluded that experienced subjects recorded more accurate and precise motions within a shorter amount of time when compared to novice subjects. There was a decrease in time, elapsed path, and thumb tip distance with increasing experience. Conclusions The use of VMC proves to be a successful way to compare the differences between different levels of surgical expertise and we hope that this research will impact training paradigms for future surgical trainees.
Radiative Transfer in Troposphere-Stratosphere Global Climate Models

The recognition that radiative processes play a major role in determining the thermal structure of the stratosphere occurred at a very early stage in science of the middle atmosphere. At the turn of the century, balloon soundings of the thermal structure of the atmosphere (see Figure 1) indicated that the decrease of atmospheric temperature with altitude did not extend to unlimited altitudes. At some level (the tropopause) atmospheric temperatures were nearly constant and then increased with altitude. This observation initiated a series of theoretical papers to explain the existence of the near isothermal layer in the atmosphere. These studies quite early on identified radiative transfer as an important process in the determination of this layer. The earliest study that is closest to the presently accepted theory was published by Humphreys (1909). Other studies continued to clarify the role of radiative transfer in the stratosphere.
Convergence and Limit

Central to the development of the calculus were the concepts of convergence and limit, and with these concepts at hand it became at last possible to resolve the ancient paradoxes of infinity which had so much intrigued Zeno. For example, the runner’s paradox is explained by the following observation: By first covering one-half the distance between the runner’s starting and end points, then half the remaining distance, and so on, he will cover a total distance equal to the sum: $$ 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 + \cdots $$
Modeling the Structure of Acute Sport-Related Concussion Symptoms: A Bifactor Approach.

OBJECTIVES Concussions cause diverse symptoms that are often measured through a single symptom severity score. Researchers have postulated distinct dimensions of concussion symptoms, raising the possibility that total scores may not accurately represent their multidimensional nature. This study examined to what degree concussion symptoms, assessed by the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3), reflect a unidimensional versus multidimensional construct to inform how the SCAT3 should be scored and advance efforts to identify distinct phenotypes of concussion. METHODS Data were aggregated across two prospective studies of sport-related concussion, yielding 219 high school and college athletes in the acute (<48 hr) post-injury period. Item-level ratings on the SCAT3 checklist were analyzed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We specified higher-order and bifactor models and compared their fit, interpretability, and external correlates. RESULTS The best-fitting model was a five-factor bifactor model that included a general factor on which all items loaded and four specific factors reflecting emotional symptoms, torpor, sensory sensitivities, and headache symptoms. The bifactor model demonstrated better discriminant validity than the counterpart higher-order model, in which the factors were highly correlated (r=.55-.91). CONCLUSIONS The SCAT3 contains items that appear unidimensional, suggesting that it is appropriate to quantify concussion symptoms with total scores. However, evidence of multidimensionality was revealed using bifactor modeling. Additional work is needed to clarify the nature of factors identified by this model, explicate their clinical and research utility, and determine to what degree the model applies to other stages of injury recovery and patient subgroups. (JINS, 2018, 24, 793-804).
Regional Variation in Food Security in Nepal

Food security is a global challenge. This paper examines the regional variation in household food security in Nepal. Specifically, I examine the variation in household level food security with particular reference to newly formed provinces constructed as per the new constitution (2015) of the country, three ecological regions and rural-urban locations of households. I use the nationally representative data from 2011 Nepal Demographic Health Survey to investigate the issue. Using both descriptive as well as multivariate analysis, evidences show that there is regional variation in overall food security in Nepal. Findings show that food security is a problem of rural households. Moreover, food security status of households also significantly varied by province. Households living in Karnali and Far-west provinces (province 6 and 7) located in the western part of Nepal are more food insecure as compared to those living in other provinces. Food security status of households also varied by domains of food security. While anxiety about food supply was an issue for households in the mountains and the hills, food security in terms of quality was equally important in all three ecological regions. However, interestingly, quantity of intake was not a major issue in all the three ecological regions. All three domains were important for households that live in rural areas as well as those living in provinces other than those in Karnali and Far-west provinces. These findings provide a macro level snap shot of food security situation of Nepal and are deemed important for the newly formed federal and provincial governments for food policy framing. Further investigation at the micro-level is necessary for more concrete policies.
Correlates of cigarette and alternative tobacco product use among young tobacco users experiencing homelessness.

Abstract Introduction Most young people experiencing homelessness smoke cigarettes, but little is known about use of alternative tobacco products (ATPs) such as e-cigarettes or other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and little cigars/cigarillos (LCCs). This study examines past month use and correlates of cigarettes and ATP among young tobacco users experiencing homelessness. Methods We surveyed a probability sample of N = 469 unaccompanied homeless 13–25 year olds (mean age = 22; 71% male), who reported past month use of any type of tobacco product, from 25 service and street sites in Los Angeles County. Results Nearly all (90%) participants reported smoking regular cigarettes, and 78% reported using at least one tobacco product other than regular cigarettes. The most commonly used of these other products was natural cigarettes (55%), followed by LCCs (43%), ENDS (34%), cigars (31%), hookah (14%), chewing tobacco (7%), and snus (5%). Multivariable models indicated that correlates of past month use differed by product, but included sociodemographic characteristics, homelessness severity, depression, exposure to other people who used the product, and product perceptions (e.g., relative access, cost, and harm compared to cigarettes). Conclusion Use of cigarettes and ATPs are both widespread among young homeless tobacco users, suggesting that efforts to reduce tobacco use in this population should have a broad focus that includes a variety of products. The effectiveness of these efforts may be enhanced by addressing their considerable exposure to other tobacco users, as well as their perceptions of certain products as being less harmful or more cost-effective options than regular cigarettes.
Hands Off the Wheel: The Role of Law in the Coming Extinction of Human-Driven Vehicles

Law and technology scholars have been writing about the coming release of fully autonomous vehicles for quite some time, and yet there is a significant gap in that literature. The United States has experienced a technology-driven upheaval in transportation once already, and it did so almost exactly 100 years ago when society transitioned (surprisingly rapidly) from horses to automobiles. No legal scholar has, as of yet, explored that transition at any length and asked what it can teach us about the role law and lawmaking should play in the coming transition between human-driven and fully autonomous vehicles. This is a huge oversight. This Article attempts to remedy this and to explain what we can learn from our earlier transition and how that historical precedent should guide our thinking on the legal issues surrounding autonomous vehicles now. Most notably, history suggests that we are overemphasizing the importance of law during this coming period of transition, particularly as compared to other factors such as economic incentives, convenience factors, and consumer preference.
Eager pruning: algorithm and architecture support for fast training of deep neural networks

Today's big and fast data and the changing circumstance require fast training of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) in various applications. However, training a DNN with tons of parameters involves intensive computation. Enlightened by the fact that redundancy exists in DNNs and the observation that the ranking of the significance of the weights changes slightly during training, we propose Eager Pruning, which speeds up DNN training by moving pruning to an early stage. Eager Pruning is supported by an algorithm and architecture co-design. The proposed algorithm dictates the architecture to identify and prune insignificant weights during training without accuracy loss. A novel architecture is designed to transform the reduced training computation into performance improvement. Our proposed Eager Pruning system gains an average of 1.91x speedup over state-of-the-art hardware accelerator and 6.31x energy-efficiency over Nvidia GPUs.
Sol–Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Gels with Compositions Relevant to Hydrated Glass Alteration Layers

During the processes associated with glass corrosion, porous hydrated glass alteration layers typically form upon exposure to aqueous conditions for extended time periods. The impacts of the altera...
EdgeCache: A Game-Theoretic Edge-Based Content Caching System for Crowd Video Sharing

As sensing technologies become more prevalent, it has become increasingly common for edge and Internet of Things (IoT) devices to produce and consume vast quantities of data. Unfortunately, the massive increase in data sharing has far outpaced the growth of networking capabilities, thus necessitating a shift away from the classic client/server relationship to distributed systems. Past works have helped to address this problem though the use of fog computing, however, such solutions continue to suffer from the server becoming a bottleneck. In this paper, we develop EdgeCache, an edge computing system that employs game theory to optimally process and cache data by leveraging the computational, storage, and networking capabilities of devices that participate in the system. We implement EdgeCache in a crowd video sharing application that entails scalability, Quality of Experience (QoE), and time-sensitivity constraints. Our results demonstrate that EdgeCache is capable of delivering superior performance while consuming fewer network resources compared to state-of-the-art baselines.
IMPORTANCE OF STARTING MATERIALS ON REACTIONS AND PHASE EQUILIBRIA IN THE Al2O3-SiO2 SYSTEM

Disagreements in the high Al2O3 side of the phase equilibrium diagram for the Al2O3-SiO2 system have been reported consistently. Some of the disagreements are significantly different and have been reported many times. It is thus necessary to eliminate experimental errors as being primarily responsible. An examination and analysis of the starting materials and the development of a fundamental understanding of the chemical reactions that take place provide an explanation for the reported differences. The objective of this report is to briefly review the disagreements and correlate them with the starting materials and the associated solid state reactions that occur in reaching stable or metastable equilibrium.
Development of Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials for Light Manipulation

The development of nonlinear optical materials for light manipulation has been an area of interest for the US Air Force for over three decades. Here we cover details on the development of several classes of organic nonlinear optical materials including platinum acetylides, AFX dyes, combined platinum acetylide with AFX dyes, porphyrins, and phthalocyanines. A deep understanding of photophysical behavior through spectroscopic measurements of these materials drives our understanding of the nonlinear behavior. Some of this will be touched on briefly for the various classes of materials. Lastly, we explore the effects of incorporating nonlinear dyes into solid host matrices to see how the photophysical properties are affected and how this does lead to changes in the nonlinear properties.
Come le generazioni delle foglie, così anche quelle degli uomini: nuove ipotesi sulle due iscrizioni bilingui dal municipio di Thignica - Aïn Tounga

As the generations of leaves, so the ones of men: this paper focuses on two bilingual epitaphs (in Latin, with an epic final verse in Greek) from Thignica, Ain Tounga - Tunisia which are discussed in a completely new perspective. A new hypothesis is here cautiously presented on movements during war time and heroes’ tombs placed at a short distance from the sanctuary of the great god Saturn-Kronos. Thignica was the gateway to the ancient pertica of the Augustan colony of Carthage. Finally, in the background emerges the role of the legion III Augusta acting with hostility against the Senate.
Traditional Self-Reported Dietary Instruments Are Prone to Inaccuracies and New Approaches Are Needed

Background: Diet is a modifiable behavior that influences an individual's health. Because of this, diet assessment is an important component of public health surveillance, evaluating response to community health interventions, and monitoring individual compliance to medical interventions. Diet assessments are usually performed using one of three basic methods: diet recall, diet diaries, or food frequency questionnaires. Although these three assessment instruments have displayed a strong agreement between themselves, when reported intake is compared with intake measured using quantitative nutrient biomarkers, investigators have identified systematic misreporting errors for all three of these self-reported dietary instruments. Aims: This work aims to summarize the state of knowledge regarding misreporting and why it impedes diet-health research and to introduce advances in the collection and the treatment of dietary data. Methods: This work reviews and summarizes published data on misreporting and the recent efforts to reduce such errors. Results: The evidence demonstrates a strong and consistent systematic underreporting of energy intake (EIn) across adults and children studies. Underreporting of EIn has been found to increase with body mass index (BMI), and the differences between macronutrient reports indicate that not all foods are underreported equally. Protein is least underreported, but which specific foods are commonly underreported are not known. Conclusions: Because energy underreporting varies as a function of BMI, self-reported EIn should not be used for the study of energy balance in the study of obesity. The between-individual variability in the underreporting of self-reported intake of energy and other nutrients attenuates diet-disease relationships. Recent efforts to correct for underreporting have reduced misreporting of diet outcomes, but improvements have been incremental in nature and more research is needed to validate and extend these efforts.
Terahertz Plasmonic Technology

The terahertz (THz) technology has found applications ranging from astronomical science and earth observation to compact radars, non-destructive testing, chemical analysis, explosive detection, moisture content determination, coating thickness control, film uniformity determination, structural integrity testing wireless covert communications, medical applications (including skin cancer detection), imaging, and concealed weapons detection. Beyond 5G Wi-Fi and Internet of Things (IoT) are the expected killer applications of the THz technology. Plasmonic TeraFETs such as Si CMOS with feature sizes down to 3 nm could enable a dramatic expansion of all these applications. At the FET channel sizes below 100 nm, the physics of the electron transport changes from the collision dominated to the ballistic or quasi-ballistic transport. In the ballistic regime, the electron inertia and the waves of the electron density (plasma waves) determine the high frequency response that extends into the THz range of frequencies. The rectification and instabilities of the plasma waves support a new generation of THz and sub-THz plasmonic devices. The plasmonic electronics technology has a potential become a dominant THz electronics sensing technology when the plasmonic THz sources join the compact, efficient, and fast plasmonic TeraFET THz detectors already demonstrated and being commercialized.
Three-dimensional human leiomyoma xenografts induce angiogenesis by inducing hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha

Objective To characterize the method by which angiogenesis occurred in three-dimensional (3D) leiomyoma xenografts, and to assess the impact of hypoxia on two-dimensional (2D) and 3D myometrial and leiomyoma cells and leiomyoma xenografts in vivo. Design Laboratory study. Setting Academic research. Patient(s) Cell cultures from patient-matched myometrial and leiomyoma tissues. Intervention(s) In vivo 3D leiomyoma xenografts from ovariectomized mice treated with gonadal hormones; myometrial and leiomyoma cells in 2D and 3D growth formats exposed to 1% oxygen. Main Outcome Measure(s) Protein expression. Result(s) Blood vessels in the xenograft estradiol group are identified with anti-mouse/anti-rat CD31/PECAM-1 antibody. Hormone-stimulated 3D leiomyoma xenografts stain positively for adrenomedullin (ADM). Myometrial cells exposed to 1% oxygen demonstrated an increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α at 6 hours and a marked increase at 24 hours. Under normoxic conditions, leiomyoma cells at 6 hours show increased expression of HIF-1α, which is further increased at 24 hours. Leiomyoma cells under hypoxia demonstrated a 1.14-fold decrease in HIF-1α expression at 6 hours and no change at 24 hours. Hypoxic myometrium decreased the proangiogenic protein ADM expression at 6 hours and showed a >1.5-fold increase at 24 hours. Normoxic leiomyoma decrease ADM at 24 hours and showed a >1.5-fold increase at 24 hours of hypoxia. Conclusion(s) Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α expression facilitates angiogenesis in 3D xenografts in vivo by increasing the expression of the proangiogenic protein ADM. Angiogenesis contributes to the viability and extended survival of these xenografts. Furthermore, 2D myometrial and leiomyoma cells increase HIF-1α and ADM expression in vitro under hypoxic conditions.
Chalcogenide Glass-Capped Fiber-Optic Sensor for Real-Time Temperature Monitoring in Extreme Environments

We demonstrate a novel chalcogenide glass (ChG)-capped optical fiber temperature sensor capable of operating within harsh environment. The sensor architecture utilizes the heat-induced phase change (amorphous-to-crystalline) property of ChGs, which rapidly (80–100 ns) changes the optical properties of the material. The sensor response to temperature variation around the phase change of the ChG cap at the tip of the fiber provides abrupt changes in the reflected power intensity. This temperature is indicative of the temperature at the sensing node. We present the sensing performance of six different compositions of ChGs and a method to interpret the temperature profile between 440 °C and 600 °C in real-time using an array structure. The unique radiation-hardness property of ChGs makes the devices compatible with high-temperature and high-radiation environments, such as monitoring the cladding temperature of Light Water (LWR) or Sodium-cooled Fast (SFR) reactors.
Flanking sequences of Xenopus 5 S RNA genes determine differential inhibition of transcription by H1 histone in vitro. Mitotic phosphorylation of H1 decreases its inhibitory power.

In Xenopus laevis chromatin histone H1 selectively inhibits the transcription of oocyte 5 S RNA genes while not affecting the transcription of somatic 5 S RNA genes (Schlissel, M. S., and Brown, D. D. (1984) Cell 37, 903-913; Wolffe, A. P. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 527-537). To explore possible mechanisms of this specific action of H1 we analyzed the in vitro transcription of H1.DNA complexes. We found that the selective inhibitory effect of H1 in this system depends entirely on the flanking sequences of 5 S RNA genes and not on the coding sequence itself. At an H1:DNA ratio above approximately 0.4, H1 strongly inhibited the transcription of the gene surrounded by the A + T-rich flanks characteristic of oocyte 5 S RNA genes, whereas it did not prevent transcription of the genes surrounded by G + C-rich somatic-type flanks. This was reflected by strongly preferential binding of H1 to isolated 5 S RNA genes contained within A + T-rich flanks. We also showed that superphosphorylation of H1 with growth-associated (mitotic) H1 kinase invariably decreased H1's ability to inhibit transcription in an in vitro system.
Fates of visual cortical neurons in the ferret after isochronic and heterochronic transplantation

In the mammalian cerebral cortex, neurons in a given layer are generated at about the same time in development. These cells also tend to share similar sets of morphological and physiological properties and have projection patterns characteristic of that layer. This correspondence between the birthday and eventual fate of a cortical neuron suggests the possibility that the commitment of a cell to a particular laminar position and set of connections may occur very early on in cortical development. The experiments described here constitute an attempt to manipulate the fates of newly generated cortical neurons upon transplantation. The first set of experiments addressed the normal development of neurons in the primary visual cortex (area 17) of the ferret. Injections of 3H-thymidine into newborn ferrets showed that neurons generated after birth are destined to sit in layer 2/3 of the cortex, whereas neurons born on embryonic day (E) 32 populate primarily layers 5 and 6. Many layer 2/3 neurons in adult ferrets could be retrogradely labeled with HRP from visual cortical areas 18 and 19, while about half of the neurons in layer 6 were found to project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). In the second set of experiments, presumptive layer 2/3 cells were labeled in vivo by injecting ferrets with 3H-thymidine on P1 and P2. Before the cells had a chance to migrate, they were removed from the donor brain, incubated in a fluorescent dye (DAPI or fast blue), and dissociated into a single-cell suspension. The labeled cells were then transplanted into the proliferative zone of a littermate host ferret ("isochronic" transplants). Over the next few weeks, many of these dye-labeled cells underwent changes in their position and morphology that were consistent with a radially directed migration and subsequent differentiation into cortical neurons. The final positions of isochronically transplanted neurons in the host brain were mapped out by using the 3H-thymidine marker after long survival periods. About 97% of radioactively labeled cells had migrated out into the visual cortex, where they attained a compact laminar distribution: 99% were found in layer 2/3, their normal destination. The labeled cells had normal, mostly pyramidal neuronal morphologies and appeared to be well integrated with host neurons when viewed in Nissl-stained sections. Ten isochronically transplanted neurons were successfully labeled after HRP injection into 2 normal target regions, areas 18 and 19.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Coil positioning for defect reconstruction in a steel plate

When a steel plate in an army ground vehicle is found to be defective, usually by eddy current testing (ECT), it is taken out of service for repairing without determining if the defect warrants withdrawal or not, whereas the defect might be minor and withdrawal wasteful. In building on our previous work we detect the optimal position to place the ECT coil, and investigate and establish a procedure for defect identification and characterization. We characterize defects by parametrically describing them and then optimizing the parameters to match computed fields to measurements. The pancake exciting coil is moved till the sensing coil reads maximum voltage and at that point compute the fields. We compare working with voltage versus impedance.
X-ray Survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud

A region of over 40 square degrees centered on the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) has been surveyed with the imaging instruments of the Einstein Observatory. The survey is approximately complete to a luminosity of 10 to the 36th ergs/sec, and the faintest source detected, if in the SMC, has a luminosity of approximately 3 x 10 to the 35th ergs/sec. Twenty-six sources were clearly seen. Five are identified with objects not associated with the SMC. The only previously known source detected was SMC X-1 which, when in a high state, is the brightest source in the SMC. The second brightest source observed, a previously unknown supernova remnant (SNR), is located in the central part of the SMC. Four other weaker sources are probably also SNRs in the SMC. The remaining 15 sources are not yet identified and, since some are far from the center of the cloud, are probably not all members of the SMC.
Ethical considerations in the study of online illness narratives: a qualitative review.

heilferty c.m. (2011)Ethical considerations in the study of online illness narratives: a qualitative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing67(5), 945–953. Abstract Aim. This aim of the review was to describe differences in ethical approaches to research on Internet communication during illness and to report conclusions drawn relevant to a proposed narrative analysis of parent blogs of childhood illness. Background. As the study of the online expression of illness experiences becomes more expansive, discussion of related ethical issues is central to promoting research trustworthiness and rigour. Ethical considerations are central to the patient–provider relationship. Data sources. The EBSCO Host, CINAHL, Medline, Communication & Mass Media Complete, and Google Scholar databases were searched from January 1990 to September 2009 using the terms ‘Internet research and ethics’, ‘Internet research, illness and ethics’ and ‘blog, Internet research and ethics’. Of the 4114 references found, 21 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Review methods. The review was designed to be a comprehensive assessment of the concepts analysed and the qualitative research measures taken concerning ethics in Internet research across formats. Results. Three main approaches to ethical conduct in Internet research on illness experiences were found: human subjects, representation and open source approaches. Conclusion. The personal and sensitive nature of online illness narratives demand their consideration in health care as ‘human subjects’ research. The best hope for ethical treatment of author–participants is the creation of a comprehensive plan for addressing any and all potential ethical conflicts that may arise in the collection, analysis and reporting of data, taking into consideration rapid changes in technology.
Surface Passivation of Bare Aluminum Nanoparticles Using Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids

Surface passivation of unpassivated Al nanoparticles has been realized using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Nanoscale Al particles were prepared in solution by catalytic decomposition of H3Al·NMe3 or H3Al·N(Me)Pyr by Ti(OiPr)4 and coated in situ using a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid SAM. Because the Al particles are prepared using wet chemistry techniques and coated in solution, they are free of oxygen passivation. This SAM coating passivates the aluminum and appears to prevent the oxidation of the particles in air and renders the composite material, to some extent, soluble in polar organic solvents such as diethyl ether. Characterization data including scanning electron microscopy , transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of prepared materials are presented.
Histochemical and Autoradiographic Studies on the Effects of Aging on the Mucopolysaccharides of the Periosteum

An autoradiographic study was made using S(35)-sulfate for the localization, distribution, and variation in the mucopolysaccharide content of the femoral periosteum of rats from birth to old age. The mucopolysaccharides were also studied histochemically, using toluidine blue O, Rinehart and Abu'l-Haj's colloidal iron method, and the periodic acid-Schiff reaction, before and after hyaluronidase treatment. Autoradiograms revealed the uptake of S(35) particularly in the vicinity of the preosseous zone and adjacent osteoblasts. This labelling was highest at the period of rapid bone growth. With increasing age, the S(35) uptake became progressively less. The preosseous zone showed gamma-metachromatic staining at all ages after treatment with toluidine blue. Active osteoblasts were mostly orthochromatic, however, beta-metachromasia was exhibited at a later age. Abundant amounts of intra- and extracellular mucopolysaccharides of both the acid and neutral type were demonstrated in the periosteum. S(35) uptake and gamma-metachromasia show the presence of sulfated mucopolysaccharides, of which chondroitin sulfate predominates in the preosseous zone. Since S(35) uptake is high in active osteoblasts, the inability to demonstrate metachromasia in osteoblasts may indicate either that chondroitin sulfate is liberated as fast as it is being produced, or that it may be present within the cells in a precursor form not detectable by histochemical methods.
Light yield measurement method for milled nanosize inorganic crystals

Composite scintillators consisting of nanosize inorganic crystals embedded in an organic matrix have been actively pursued in recent years. One method of producing nanosize crystals is through wet milling; however, since milling is known to introduce defects, the light yield of the milled crystals must be characterized. In this work, a new method of characterizing the light yield of milled inorganic crystals will be explored and discussed; this method will take into account explicitly the concentration of the inorganic crystals and the difference in stopping power between the crystals and the solvent.
Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptors Solubilized from Rat Skeletal Muscle

A method has been developed to solubilize insulin receptors from skeletal muscles. Rat hindlimb muscles were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, powdered, extracted with buffered Triton X-100, and partially purified by differential centrifugation followed by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. The solubilized receptors exhibit typical curvilinear Scatchard plots in insulin binding assays: rapid, Mn2+-dependent autophosphorylation of the β-subunit on exposure to insulin as well as insulin-stimulated kinase activity toward histone H2B. Furthermore, when intact soleus muscles were incubated in phosphate-depleted medium containing Na2H[32P]PO4, addition of insulin stimulated the in situ phosphorylation of the β-subunit of the insulin receptor. The ability to rapidly and efficiently isolate insulin receptors from skeletal muscle may permit investigation of factors that modulate insulin action in this tissue.
Mcm1 Binds Replication Origins

Mcm1 is an essential protein required for the efficient replication of minichromosomes and the transcriptional regulation of early cell cycle genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we report that Mcm1 is an abundant protein that associates globally with chromatin in a punctate pattern. We show that Mcm1 is localized at replication origins and plays an important role in the initiation of DNA synthesis at a chromosomal replication origin in vivo. Using purified Mcm1 protein, we show that Mcm1 binds cooperatively to multiple sites at autonomously replicating sequences. These results suggest that, in addition to its role as a transcription factor for the expression of replication genes, Mcm1 may influence the local structure of replication origins by direct binding.
Speaking the Language of Relational Maintenance: A Validity Test of Chapman's (1992) Five Love Languages

ABSTRACT This study examines the claims of Gary Chapman (1992) in his popular press book, The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate. A confirmatory factor analysis showed that a five-factor fit of these data to Chapman's proposed five love languages was superior to unidimensional, three-factor, and four-factor solutions. Results showed significant relationships between the love language factors and Stafford, Dainton, and Haas' (2000) relational maintenance typology, suggesting that Chapman's love languages may reflect behaviors performed to enact intended relational maintenance.
Influence of the relative concentrations of two components of a binary mixture on their overloaded elution profiles

Abstract A variant of the ideal model of chromatography is presented and applied to the study of the separation of a binary mixture. This model incorporates the column efficiency and predicts the individual elution profiles of the components of a mixture when their bands overlap. The elution profiles thus obtained are realistic and are used to study the influence of the relative concentrations of the two components of a binary mixture on their overloaded elution profiles. A computer program permits the calculation of the recovery yields and the production per unit time of the two components. The effect of column efficiency is discussed.
Urban policy: Shedding light on urban policy

Urban economic models should raise the quality of debate about planning at the metropolitan level. Now research shows how this can be done.
Immigration and the Revival of the Sainete in Post-2001 Argentine Theater: El Super Crisol by Los Macocos

The author compares the representation of immigration in the Argentine sainete of the early-twentieth century with later adaptations of the genre, focusing closely on the work El Super crisol (2005), by Los Macocos, a play that addresses the experience of Chinese, Romanian, Paraguayan, and Bolivian immigrants amid systemic discrimination, corruption, and impunity in the wake of Argentina's economic, social, and political crisis of 2001. Los Macocos parody the nation building mission present in many of the original sainetes, and instead draw attention to the imperative to critically examine racism and discriminatory attitudes toward immigrants in twenty-first century Argentina.
Regulation of heat shock protein 60 and 72 expression in the failing heart.

Heart failure, a progressive, fatal disease of the heart muscle, is a state of chronic inflammation and injury. Heat shock protein (HSP) 72, a ubiquitous protective protein that is well-established as cardioprotective, is not increased in heart failure. In contrast, HSP60 levels are doubled in the failing heart. We hypothesized that HSF-1 is not activated in heart failure and that the increased expression of HSP60 was driven by NFκB activation. To test this hypothesis, we measured levels of heat shock factor (HSF) −1 and −2, the transcription factors controlling HSP expression, which were increased in heart failure. There was no increased phosphorylation of serine 230 or serine 303/307 in HSF-1, which are thought to regulate its activity; EMSA showed no increase in HSF binding activity with heart failure. Nonetheless, mRNA was increased for HSP60, but not HSP72. In contrast to HSF, NFκB activity was increased in heart failure. HSP60, but not HSP72, contained NFκB binding elements. ChIP assay demonstrated increased binding of NFκB to both of the NFκB binding elements in the heart failure HSP60 gene. TNFα treatment was used to test the role of NFκB activation in HSP60 expression in a cardiac cell line. TNFα increased HSP60 expression, and this could be prevented by pretreatment with siRNA inhibiting p65 expression. In conclusion, HSP72 is not increased in heart failure because HSF activity is not changed; increased expression of HSP60 may be driven by NFκB activation.
Numerical simulation of the marine atmospheric boundary layer flow over Cape Canaveral region and Gulf Stream using AVHRR SST: an atmospheric sea breeze model

An atmospheric mesoscale numerical model has been developed and applied to the marine atmospheric boundary layer in the vicinity of sharp sea-surface temperature (SST) gradients. The Gulf Stream offshore of Each Central Florida near Cape Canaveral is the region of interest. The model equations which govern atmospheric behavior are based on the basic conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. A 'primitive' equation formulation is used to produce preliminary predictions of horizontal velocity, potential temperature, and water vapor. The hydrostatic approximation is applied to the vertical momentum conservation equation and the anelastic form of the continuity equation is used to approximate mass conservation. Surface fluxes of momentum, heat, and moisture are estimated using high-resolution SST data obtained in near-real time from the AVHRR IR instrument. Interaction of the boundary layer flow with the nearby Central Florida peninsula is simulated by inducing a diurnal sea breeze circulation across the coastline. It is found through a series of simulations that the distribution of sea-surface temperatures influences the boundary layer flow field - especially over the region of the Gulf Stream front and the low level convergence field, which may be an important factor for initiating convective precipitation over the land-water margin and Gulf Stream. The importance of the air-sea or air-land interfaces are thus fully recognized as being crucial to parameterize via remote sensing data in order to proceed with further model developments of the newly developed sea-breeze model. Further examination of methods for estimating surface temperatures of the water and land as well as inclusion of surface gravity wave forcing due to the diurnal sea breeze over the complex land-water margin in the Indian River Lagoon will need to be included in order to utilize the model for future application.
A comparison of sirolimus vs. calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive therapies in liver transplantation

Summary Background Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent whose role in liver transplantation has not been well-described. Aim To evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of sirolimus-based immunosuppression in liver transplant patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of 185 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Patients were divided into three groups: group SA, sirolimus alone (n = 28); group SC, sirolimus with calcineurin inhibitors (n =56) and group CNI, calcineurin inhibitors without sirolimus (n = 101). Results One-year patient and graft survival rates were 86.5% and 82.1% in group SA, 94.6% and 92.9% in group SC, and 83.2% and 75.2% in group CNI (P = N.S.). The rates of acute cellular rejection at 12 months were comparable among the three groups. At the time of transplantation, serum creatinine levels were significantly higher in group SA, but mean creatinine among the three groups at 1 month was similar. More patients in group SA required dialysis before orthotopic liver transplantation (group SA, 25%; group SC, 9%; group CNI, 5%; P = 0.008), but at 1 year, post-orthotopic liver transplantation dialysis rates were similar. Conclusions Sirolimus given alone or in conjunction with calcineurin inhibitors appears to be an effective primary immunosuppressant regimen for orthotopic liver transplantation patients. Further studies to evaluate the efficacy and side-effect profile of sirolimus in liver transplant patients are warranted.
Formation of fold-and-thrust belts on Venus by thick-skinned deformation

ON Venus, fold-and-thrust belts—which accommodate large-scale horizontal crustal convergence—are often located at the margins of kilometre-high plateaux1–5. Such mountain belts, typically hundreds of kilometres long and tens to hundreds of kilometres wide, surround the Lakshmi Planum plateau in the Ishtar Terra highland (Fig. 1). In explaining the origin of fold-and-thrust belts, it is important to understand the relative importance of thick-skinned deformation of the whole lithosphere and thin-skinned, large-scale overthrusting of near-surface layers. Previous quantitative analyses of mountain belts on Venus have been restricted to thin-skinned models6–8, but this style of deformation does not account for the pronounced topographic highs at the plateau edge. We propose that the long-wavelength topography of these venusian fold-and-thrust belts is more readily explained by horizontal shortening of a laterally heterogeneous lithosphere. In this thick-skinned model, deformation within the mechanically strong outer layer of Venus controls mountain building. Our results suggest that lateral variations in either the thermal or mechanical structure of the interior provide a mechanism for focusing deformation due to convergent, global-scale forces on Venus.
On Piano Performance – Technology and Technique

Franz Liszt, whose piano playing captivated nineteenth-century audiences, frequently broke pianos. During one 1838 concert in Vienna, ‘Liszt had three pianos on the stage’ – a prudent arrangement, ...