cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bad Driving: Jordan's Tantalizing Story in The Great Gatsby

On January 23, 2010, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, I was privileged to see the American Repertory Theatre's production of Gatz . In this approximately six-hour reading of The Great Gatsby , Jordan Baker is portrayed as a witty, observant, and humorous character who is much more credible and interesting than Daisy Buchanan, whose famous "voice," sounded vapid and slightly hysterical, as well as "full of money" ( Gatsby 127). 1 was so intrigued by this characterization of Jordan and the sheer number of scenes in which she is present, if often silent, that the next day I turned to the novel and its attendant scholarship in the hope of discovering more about this tantalizing figure whom I had largely overlooked in my many encounters with The Great Gatsby in teaching and scholarship over the past thirty years. Critics generally treat Jordan Baker as a plot device the confidante or ficelle who supplies information about Daisy Buchanan's past with Jay Gatsby; who, with narrator Nick Carraway, forms a parallel couple to Daisy/Tom Buchanan and Daisy/Gatsby. She is often readily dismissed as part of "the rotten crowd" ( Gatsby 162) that Nick repudiates at the end of the novel (Allen 106, 110; Chambers 117-18; Long 148; Messenger 194; Pelzer 87; Stern 204, 209, 270). These readings are quite justifiable in that Fitzgerald does not really develop Jordan's character beyond its utility as a handy narrative technique or even a supplementary example of moral turpitude. While Daisy's nebulous quality as an ideal is suggested by the emphasis on her voice with scarcely any physical details of characterization, Jordan has a corporeal presence in the novel as well as an evocative, if sketchily presented, past that in some ways resembles Gatsby's. Patricia Pacey Thornton describes Jordan's conflict as between the "traditional and experimental views of womanhood" (464) and between the male and female aspects of herself (465). If we take a close look at Jordan in the novel, we can see the ways that, had Fitzgerald chosen to develop her character further, she could have supported and complicated at least two major themes associated with Daisy and Gatsby: the changing and ambiguous roles of women and the fate of "romantic readiness" ( Gatsby 6) or the American Dream in the accelerating modernity of the early twentieth century.
Paleozoic Sedimentary Successions of the Virginia Valley & Ridge and Plateau

This chapter provides an overview of the Paleozoic sedimentary succession of the Appalachian Valley and Ridge and Plateau provinces of Virginia (Figs. 1 and 2). It builds on the work of Butts (1940, 1941), Colton (1970), Dennison (1970, 1976, 1985, 1996), Diecchio (1985a, b), Diecchio and Dennison (1996), Gathright et al. (2003), the many quadrangle reports from the Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, and the many student theses and dissertations on these rocks. We have attempted to provide both the formational lithostratigraphy, as well as the sequence stratigraphy as a framework, so that it will have the widest possible use. Gradstein et al. (2004) has been used as the geological time scale, which has resulted in some changes in epoch/stage boundaries from that traditionally used. The succession has been divided into a passive margin succession, and several foreland basin successions (cf. Ettensohn, 1994). We have subdivided these tectonostratigraphic units into a sequence stratigraphic hierarchy following that of Weber et al. (1995). The sequence stratigraphic units are the result of accommodation changes, and hence the supersequences and sequences can result from eustasy, tectonics or more likely a combination of the two. We have used 2nd-order supersequences as the major sequence stratigraphic subdivision; these result from long-term (commonly 5 to 50 m.y.) changes in accommodation and are bounded by unconformities or major shallowing events and correlative conformities. The supersequences are composed of 3rd-order (0.5 to 5 m.y.) depositional sequences that result from smaller scale cycles of accommodation change. During lowered relative sea levels within a depositional sequence, the lowstand systems tracts (LST) commonly are formed on the outer shelf or during icehouse times on the slope. Transgressive systems tracts (TST) are developed during times of increased accommodation or rise in sea level. Highstand systems tracts (HST) are formed during decreasing accommodation, typically associated with sea-level fall. The depositional sequences, where composed of unconformity bound 4th-order (100 to 400 k.y.) sequences related to icehouse glacio-eustasy, are termed composite sequences. Parasequences (“cycles”), defined as small scale shallowing upward sedimentary units bounded by flooding surfaces, are the building blocks of the depositional sequences and relate to higher frequency (10 k.y. to <100 k.y.) sea-level fluctuations, commonly driven by Milankovitch orbital forcing, or autocyclic processes. The thickness distribution (isopach maps) of supersequences or component units are shown, where possible, on palinspastic PaleOzOIC SeDImeNTaRy SUCCeSSIONS Of The VIRgINIa Valley & RIDge aND PlaTeaU
On the coding gain of incremental redundancy over chase combining

We develop an information-theoretic model to explain and predict the coding gains of the incremental redundancy (IR) over the chase combining (CC) scheme using random coding bounding techniques. From extensive simulations, the model is found to provide accurate coding gain predictions in conjunction with either optimal or practical repeated low-rate codes. Contrary to a widely held belief that IR is superior to CC for all circumstances, we demonstrate that this is not always the case when parallel concatenated turbo codes with severe puncturing are used in IR on fading channels. Based on the theoretical model, we further propose an adaptive algorithm to remedy this anomaly.
Experimental Investigation of Fatigue Behavior of Carbon Fiber Composites Using Fully Reversed Four Point Bending Test

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) has become an increasingly notable material for use in structural engineering applications. Some of its advantages include high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, and good moldability. Prediction of the fatigue life of composite laminates has been the subject of various studies due to the cyclic loading experienced in many applications. Both theoretical studies [1–3] and experimental tests [4–6] have been performed to estimate the endurance limit and fatigue life of composite plates. One of the main methods to predict fatigue life is the four point bending test. In most previous works the tests have been done in one direction (load ratio, R, > 0). In the current work, we have designed and manufactured a special fixture to perform a fully reversed bending test (R = −1). Four point bending tests are carried out on samples of carbon fibers ((0°/90°)15) and polyester resin. The results provide additional insight into the fatigue behavior of polymer composites.
An application specific DSP chip set for 100 MHz data rates

A 1.2- mu m CMOS chip set (processor and controller) has been designed for applications in high-performance fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based digital signal processing (DSP) systems. The processor chip performs about 500 million arithmetic operations per second and operates at an I/O rate of 5 billion bits per second. The controller chip provides total system control for FFT-based DSP systems. Algorithms such as FFT, spectrum analysis, digital filtering (via frequency domain) can be defined on the chip set by coding 5 to 10 instructions in the controller. Although a single chip set can process data rates at very high speeds (e.g. 1 K FFT in 16 mu s), multiple stages can be cascaded very simply for extremely high performance (up to 100-MHz data rates). >
Reoperative aortic valve replacement through upper hemisternotomy

Reoperative aortic valve replacement (AVR) has become increasingly common (1). In patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), minimally invasive reoperative AVR is the preferred approach since it allows the performance of no-touch technique for left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and minimal dissection around the vein grafts (2,3). Here, we present an 83-year-old man with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and a positive history of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic renal disease, peripheral vascular disease and carotid stenosis. He has had a CABG and carotid endarterectomy and was found to be ineligible for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) due to severe iliofemoral calcification. Coronary grafts were proven patent by angiography, while left ventricular function and wall motion were proven normal by echocardiography. The patient was scheduled for a minimally invasive isolated AVR reoperation through upper hemisternotomy.
Strategies for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Programs

Prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often overlooked in clinical practice, despite being a frequent and serious complication of various medical conditions and surgical procedures. The need to reduce hospital-acquired VTE is becoming increasingly recognized in the United States, and various quality-improvement initiatives have been developed. Prevention of VTE through evidence-based, practice-informed pathways includes assessing the patient's risk of VTE and provision of VTE at different stages: at admission, during hospitalization, and after hospital discharge. A multidisciplinary approach, involving physicians working with pharmacists, nurses, and other staff, can ensure that VTE prevention is routinely addressed. Patients admitted to hospitals should undergo VTE risk assessment, and the appropriate dose, type, and duration of medication should be administered with regular monitoring for VTE events and bleeding complications. Venous thromboembolism risk assessment should continue throughout hospitalization with appropriate prophylaxis when necessary. Patients may need to continue anticoagulation into the outpatient setting to achieve adequate prophylaxis duration. Useful approaches to ensure successful transition of care include patient education and support, with the accurate and timely transfer of information from the hospital to the primary care physician. Various strategies and tools are available to help physicians establish good VTE practices at each stage, including risk assessment models, reminders, clinical decision support systems, educational programs, and online resources, such as those from the Society of Hospital Medicine. Effective use of these strategies by physicians, with the engagement and support of nurses and pharmacists, should help to improve current practices and to reduce the considerable burden of VTE.
Contact sensitivity in rabbits sensitized with dinitrophenylated Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Abstract The conjugation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with DNFB results in the formation of a haptenated preparation that induces the formation of contact sensitivity when administered subcutaneously. This contact sensitivity can be measured in vivo by topical application of the free chemical and in vitro by lymphocyte transformation. The antigens suitable for the in vitro detection are those preparations obtained by the haptenation of cell membranes. Haptenation of serum proteins, of homologous and heterologous origin, does not produce antigens suitable for in vitro assay. The antigen requirements for the in vitro transformation assay of contact sensitivity are similar for adjuvant induced sensitivity as well as for free chemical induced sensitivity.
Perceptions of Community-Based Services Among African American and White Elders

Currently, researchers have an incomplete understanding of the factors and processes that influence the use of community-based services, particularly among groups known to be at high risk of poor health outcomes and in greater need of assistance, such as African Americans. Although service use involves attitudinal variables, researchers have often overlooked such factors. In this study, the authors conducted 12 focus groups to examine the perceptions of older African Americans and Whites toward community-based services. African Americans were more likely than their White counterparts to assess services positively, particularly senior citizen centers. Whites expressed less enthusiasm toward community-based services, citing a lack of comfort with services that they feel are used predominantly by African Americans, an insistence on self-reliance, and an appreciation for the availability of such services but a reluctance to use them.
Were small galaxies once the dominant cosmological population

Redshifts and K magnitudes have been obtained for a small but complete sample of 22 galaxies with B magnitudes down to 24. In the luminosity range B = 23-24, the B-band galaxy counts are dominated by a population of small blue galaxies at z roughly 0.25, which may collectively contain as much baryonic matter as the normal galaxies. It is possible either that these earlier galaxies have undergone merging to create the present galaxy population, or that they represent a quite different galactic population which has now faded or disappeared. Either possibility has considerable implications for understanding of galaxy formation.
Pancytopenia after removal of copper from total parenteral nutrition

Patients who develop cholestatic jaundice during chronic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) can develop significant hematologic complications due to hypocupremia if copper supplementation is withheld. A 36-year-old female with short bowel syndrome developed progressive liver dysfunction 6 months after initiation of TPN. Trace elements were omitted from her TPN because of cholestasis and persistent hyperbilirubinemia. Despite chronic diarrhea, absorption of some dietary copper was anticipated from her oral diet. Fifteen months later, the patient became red cell transfusion dependent, and her neutrophil and platelet counts steadily declined. After 19 months of receiving TPN without trace elements, her serum copper level was 25 microLg/dL (normal: 70 to 155 microg/dL). Provision of trace elements for 2 months was associated with increased serum copper, neutrophil and platelet counts and independence from red cell transfusions. When the serum copper level reached 186 microg/dL, copper supplementation was discontinued. Over the next 3 months, serum copper level fell to 10 microg/dL, neutrophil and platelet counts fell precipitously, and red cell transfusions were resumed. Once again, copper, neutrophil and platelet levels promptly rebounded with parenteral copper supplementation. Although anemia and neutropenia are well-recognized hematologic consequences of copper deficiency, thrombocytopenia rarely has been reported. This is the first report of pancytopenia secondary to TPN-related copper deficiency in which the association was confirmed when hypocupremia recurred.
Uses of Foreigners in the Church of Edward VI

to our pastor, M. de la Benseris, asking him to return with all speed to his pastoral charge. We thank you for your kindness in receiving him, helping him with money, and giving him a place among your 'theologiae professores.' We now ask you to send him back; because you have plenty of good men, we have not." 1) This quotation from Elizabeth's reign reveals clearly a process that had its beginnings in the time of Edward VI. During the reigns of both Edward and Elizabeth those continental Protestants who were prominent enough to have any influence or position were often forced by persecution to seek refuge in the only truly Protestant country in Europe. As the quotation also shows, over the years England acquired "plenty of good men." These men are mentioned from time to time in specialized studies of the Reformation, and biographical sketches for several are listed in the Dictionary of National Biography. As a group, however, working within the embryonic Church of England, they have, so far, been neglected. All the biographical information about these men cannot, of course, be included in a single article, but a report on some of the men that came over during the reign of Edward VI will indicate something of their functions in these formative years of the English Reformation. In I547, when Edward VI succeeded his father Henry VIII as king, there were few religious refugees in England. At no time during his reign had Henry departed so far from the teachings of the Roman
A decomposition theorem for finite automata

Presentation d'un theoreme mettant en œuvre une methode de decomposition, d'une comprehension plus aisee que le theoreme de Krohn Rhodes
Cooling of neutron stars

X-ray emission and cooling of neutron stars, combining neutrino emission from interior and photon emission from surface
Modeling the Assembly of the Multiple Domains of α-actinin-4 and Its Role in Actin Cross-linking

The assembly of proteins into multidomain complexes is critical for their function. In eukaryotic nonmuscle cells, regulation of the homodimeric actin cross-linking protein α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) during cell migration involves signaling receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. As a first step to address the latter, we validate here an atomic model for the ACTN4 end region, which corresponds to a ternary complex between the N-terminal actin-binding domain (ABD) and an adjacent helical neck region of one monomer, and the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of the opposite antiparallel monomer. Mutagenesis experiments designed to disrupt this ternary complex confirm that its formation reduces binding to F-actin. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the phosphomimic mutation Y265E increases actin binding by breaking several interactions that tether the two calponin homology domains into a closed ABD conformation. Simulations also show a disorder-to-order transition in the double phosphomimic mutant Y4E/Y31E of the 45-residue ACTN4 N-terminal region, which can inhibit actin binding by latching both calponin homology domains more tightly. Collectively, these studies provide a starting point for understanding the role of external cues in regulating ACTN4, with different phenotypes resulting from changes in the multidomain assembly of the protein.
Research issues: the food environment and obesity

"Research Issues: The Food Environment and Obesity" is an article series commissioned by the American Society for Nutrition and The Obesity Society in an attempt to consider the state of understanding on this topic and identify key knowledge gaps. Roberts and Karl focus on the role of energy density in the regulation of energy intake and body weight and offer recommendations for prioritizing research. Finkelstein et al examine food and beverage purchases as a function of price changes and conclude that targeted food taxes and subsidies alone are unlikely to substantially affect obesity. Pereira points out the difficulty in establishing the strength of the association between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain and obesity. Johnson and Wardle review the effects of palatability and variety on eating behavior and weight. Livingstone and Pourshahidi examine the impact of portion size manipulations on energy intake and weight management and find that consumers generally tend to eat proportionally more as portion size increases. Kant focuses on the efficacy and effectiveness of eating frequency manipulation for body weight management and finds that such manipulation has consistently yielded null results. Finally, Gordon-Larsen identifies several limitations of the existing literature regarding neighborhood access to healthy foods.
Intermodal and international freight network modeling

The authors describe the development and application of a single, integrated digital representation of a multimodal and transcontinental freight transportation network. The network was constructed to support the simulation of some five million origin to destination freight shipments reported as part of the 1997 United States Commodity Flow Survey. The paper focuses on the routing of the tens of thousands of intermodal freight movements reported in this survey. Routings involve different combinations of truck, rail and water transportation. Geographic information systems (GIS) technology was invaluable in the cost-effective construction and maintenance of this network and in the subsequent validation of mode sequences and route selections. However, computationally efficient routing of intermodal freight shipments was found to be most efficiently accomplished outside the GIS. Selection of appropriate intermodal routes required procedures for linking freight origins and destinations to the transportation network, procedures for modeling intermodal terminal transfers and inter-carrier interlining practices, and a procedure for generating multimodal impedance functions to reflect the relative costs of alternative, survey reported mode sequences.
Trends in risk factors for the major "lifestyle-related diseases" in Geneva, Switzerland, 1993-2000.

Abstract PURPOSE: Continuous monitoring of health determinants in populations is necessary to predict future disease burdens. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalences of major risk factors for lifestyle diseases for 8 years (1993 to 2000) in representative samples of the general population. METHODS: Independent cross-sectional surveys representative of adults aged 35 to 74 years (4,228 men and 4,190 women) in Geneva, Switzerland, conducted continuously between 1993 and 2000. RESULTS: Prevalence of hypertension decreased 15% in men and 10% in women (trend p's CONCLUSIONS: Because of the persistent high prevalence of risk factors, the global burden of chronic diseases is likely to grow in the next decade and beyond. Continuous monitoring provides reliable trends, beyond seasonal and sampling variations.
TrkB Downregulation Is Required for Dendrite Retraction in Developing Neurons of Chicken Nucleus Magnocellularis

The chick embryo ( Gallus domesticus ) is one of the most important model systems in vertebrate developmental biology. The development and function of its auditory brainstem circuitry is exceptionally well studied. These circuits represent an excellent system for genetic manipulation to investigate mechanisms controlling neural circuit formation, synaptogenesis, neuronal polarity, and dendritic arborization. The present study investigates the auditory nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM). The neurotrophin receptor TrkB regulates dendritic structure in CNS neurons. TrkB is expressed in NM neurons at E7–E8 when these neurons have dendritic arbors. Downregulation of TrkB occurs after E8 followed by retraction of dendrites and by E18 most NM cells are adendritic. Is cessation of TrkB expression in NM necessary for dendritic retraction? To answer this question we combined focal in ovo electroporation with transposon mediated gene transfer to obtain stable expression of Doxycycline (Dox) regulated transgenes, specifically TrkB coexpressed with EGFP in a temporally controlled manner. Electroporation was performed at E2 and Dox added onto the chorioallointoic membrane from E7.5 to E16. Expression of EGFP had no effect on development of the embryo, or cell morphology and organization of auditory brainstem nuclei. NM cells expressing EGFP and TrkB at E17–E18 had dendrites and biophysical properties uncharacteristic for normal NM cells, indicating that cessation of TrkB expression is essential for dendrite retraction and functional maturation of these neurons. These studies indicate that expression of transposon based plasmids is an effective method to genetically manipulate events in mid to late embryonic brain development in chick.
Measured and predicted heating distributions for biconics at Mach 10

Laminar heating distributions have been measured on a 1.9 percent scale model of a generic aeroassisted vehicle taking the shape of a spherically blunted, 13-deg/7-deg biconic whose forecone section is bent upward (by 7 deg) to furnish self-trim capability at a 20-deg angle-of-attack. The results thus obtained were compared with data gathered for a straight biconic. While no Reynolds number effect on heating was noted on the windward side of the forecone, the opposite was true of the leeward side, where a Reynolds number increase caused circumferential flow separation at lower angles of attack. Generally, windward heating was predicted to within 10 percent with a computer code solving the steady, three-dimensional parabolized Navier-Stokes equations.
Simultaneous diffusion of ions and ion pairs across liquid membranes

Abstract The flux of tetrabutylammonium nitrate (Bu 4 NNO 3 ) across a liquid membrane of n-heptyl cyanide varies with the salt concentrations in dilute solution, but with the concentration squared in more concentrated solution. The results are consistent with a mechanism which includes parallel diffusion of ions and ion pairs. This type of behavior, which will be common in homogeneous membranes of low dielectric constant, is a form of facilitated diffusion in which the salt acts as its own carrier.
Review article: the iron overload syndromes.

SummaryBackground Iron overload syndromes encompass a wide range of hereditary and acquired conditions. Major developments in the field of genetics and the discovery of hepcidin as a central regulator of iron homeostasis have greatly increased our understanding of the pathophysiology of iron overload syndromes. Aim To review advances in iron regulation and iron overload syndrome with special emphasis on hereditary haemochromatosis, the prototype iron overload syndrome. Methods A PubMed search using words such as ‘iron overload’, ‘hemochromatosis’, ‘HFE’, ‘Non-HFE’, ‘secondary iron overload’ was undertaken. Results Iron overload is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Sensitive diagnostic tests and effective therapy are widely available and can prevent complications associated with iron accumulation in end- organs. Therapeutic phlebotomy remains the cornerstone of therapy for removal of excess body iron, but novel therapeutic agents including oral iron chelators have been developed for iron overload associated with anaemia. Conclusions Iron overload disorders are common. Inexpensive screening tests as well as confirmatory diagnostic tests are widely available. Increased awareness of the causes and importance of early diagnosis and knowledge of the appropriate use of genetic testing are encouraged. The availability of novel treatments should increase therapeutic options for patients with iron overload disorders.
Rapid one-step purification of ferritin from cell-free translation systems.

A method is described for the one-step affinity purification of ferritin from other proteins synthesized in an in vitro wheat germ protein synthesizing system programmed with rat liver mRNA. The peptide products released from the polysomes were chromatographed on an antiferritin-Sepharose 4B affinity column. The ferritin isolated in this manner was judged pure by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The recovery of the purified protein from the antibody column ranged from 83 to 88%. Antibody affinity columns can be arranged sequentially to allow the isolation of numerous proteins from one protein synthesis reaction mixture. This method of isolation is applicable to any protein for which antibody is available.
Vertebrate homeobox genes

Recent highlights in vertebrate homeobox gene research include the discovery of new genes with novel expression patterns, observations that peptide growth factors and retinoic acid influence homeobox gene expression, and the generation of mutant phenotypes of embryos homozygous for null mutations. These combined studies reinforce the idea that homeobox genes function near the top of the gene hierarchies controlling vertebrate embryogenesis.
Classifying transformation-variant attributed point patterns

This paper presents a classification approach, where a sample is represented by a set of feature vectors called an attributed point pattern. Some attributes of a point are transformational-variant, such as spatial location, while others convey some descriptive feature, such as intensity. The proposed algorithm determines a distance between point patterns by minimizing a Hausdorff-based distance over a set of transformations using a particle swarm optimization. When multiple training samples are available for each class, we implement multidimensional scaling to represent the point patterns in a low-dimensional Euclidean space for visualization and analysis. Results are demonstrated for latent fingerprints from tenprint data and civilian vehicles from circular synthetic aperture radar imagery.
Physical properties and anisotropies of the RNiGe3 series (R = Y, Ce–Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu)

Abstract We have studied R NiGe 3 ( R =Y, Ce–Nd, Sm, Gd–Lu) single crystals by measuring crystal structure and stoichiometry, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, and specific heat. Clear anisotropies as well as antiferromagnetic ordering in the R NiGe 3 series ( R =Ce–Nd, Sm, Gd–Tm) have been observed above 1.8 K from the magnetic susceptibility. A metamagnetic transition in this family (except for R =Sm) was detected at 2 K for applied magnetic fields below 70 kOe. The electrical resistivity of this series follows metallic behavior in the high temperature region. Below the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature a significant anisotropy is exhibited in the resistivity and magnetoresistance for different current directions. The anisotropic magnetic, transport, and thermal properties of R NiGe 3 compounds are discussed in terms of Ni site occupancy as well as a combination of the effect of formation of a magnetic superzone gap and the crystalline electric field.
Analysis of Yield-Formation Processes under No-Till and Conventional Tillage for Soft Red Winter Wheat in the South-Central Region

Production ofwinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under no-till (NT) can have economic and edaphic benefits over conventional tillage (CT) systems, although in some years it can result in lower yields. Analysis of yield-formation processes of wheat grown under NT and CT systems may elucidate why yields are sometimes lower under NT. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of tillage systems on yield-formation processes of soft red winter wheat. Two experiments were conducted at two locations in Kentucky using randomized complete block split-plot designs. Main plots in both experiments were two tillage systems (NT and CT). In Exp. 1, which was conducted in 2004, split plots were four cultivars with different heading dates. In Exp. 2, which was conducted in 2005 and 2006, the split and split-split plots were two cultivars and three seeding rates, respectively. Total plant biomass, grain yield, yield components, and harvest index (HI) were measured at maturity. Grain yield was lower under NT than under CT in two of the five location/years. Neither cultivar differences in days to heading nor seeding rates altered the impact of NT on grain yield. The dominant response of soft red winter wheat to NT in this study was to increase tillering and reduce HI. The increased tillering growth habit due to NT could increase internal competition for assimilates, thereby diverting assimilates away from grain production to vegetative growth and reducing HI. The reduction in HI led in some years to a reduction in yield.
Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma with Myoepithelial Cell Predominance

The biological behavior of pleomorphic adenomas (mixed tumors) of salivary gland origin is complex. Tumors with benign histologic features may exhibit recurrence and locally aggressive behavior especially after incomplete excision. A small percentage of pleomorphic adenomas have obvious malignant components in epithelial or in both epithelial and mesenchymal components and can metastasize. There are also rare case reports which appear to document typical pleomorphic adenomas of salivary gland with histologically identical visceral and lymph node metastases. Recently myoepithelial cell proliferation has been identified as a possible predictor of aggressive clinical behavior in otherwise histologically benign pleomorphic adenomas. We report such a parotid gland lesion with local recurrence and retroperitoneal spread. DNA-flow cytometry of cells from the paraffin-embedded primary and metastasis showed similar aneuploid populations. Aneuploidy appeared to reflect the malignant potential of this particular pleomorphic adenoma and suggests that DNA-flow cytometry of salivary gland tumors may yield important prognostic information.
TREATMENT OF AMENORRHEA AND OF ANOVULATION WITH HUMAN MENOPAUSAL AND CHORIONIC GONADOTROPINS.

Thirty-five patients with various types of ovarian dysfunction have been treated with Pergonal, a follicle-stimulating hormone extracted from menopausal urine and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Treatment in each instance was started with Pergonal (4.75–18.0 mg equivalents of FSHNIH-Sl daily). When sufficient follicular maturation was obtained, oviolation was induced with HCG (4000–5000 IU daily). Five patients had primary ovarian failure and none of these responded to treatment. Ovulation was induced one or more times in all other patients. Twenty patients complained of infertility, and of these 14 conceived.
DNA ploidy and surgically treated prostate cancer. Important independent association with prognosis for patients with prostate carcinoma treated by radical prostatectomy

The authors addressed the following question : Does DNA ploidy measurement provide additional unique prognostic information beyond the customary parameters of tumor stage and histologic grade for patients with prostate adenocarcinoma? They analyzed 494 patients treated by radical retropubic prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy at the Mayo Clinic from 1967 to 1981, pathologic stages B (n = 258), C (n = 145), and D1 (n = 91). Clinical follow-up was a minimum of 10 years. Nuclear DNA ploidy patterns were measured with the archival paraffin embedded specimen blocks using the Hedley technique. Univariate analysis demonstrated that DNA ploidy, Gleason score, and pathologic stage are all highly important prognostic variables, each with a log-rank P value of <0.0001 for progression and cause-specific survival. Multivariate analysis indicates that DNA ploidy, pathologic stage, and Gleason score are each independently important prognostic variables for progression and cause-specific survival. DNA ploidy is particularly useful for differentiating prognosis of patients with the common intermediate grade (Gleason 5-7) tumors, which constituted 76% of this series. For this data set, prognostic risk after radical prostatectomy is summarized by tables that take into account each of these three synergistic, independent variables. Within each Gleason score and pathologic-stage grouping, tumors with a nondiploid DNA content had roughly a 2.7-fold higher chance of disease progression or of causing cancer death than DNA diploid tumors. Cancer 1995 ;75 : 1935-43.
The epaxial muscles of the golden hamster

The epaxial musculature of the golden hamster based on 180 specimens has been described as follows. The Longissimus dorsi Group: L.d. pars cervicis, L.d. pars thoracis, L.d. pars lumborum, Extensor caudae lateralis. Muscles Primarily Cervical in Location: Splenius, Complexus, Biventer cervicis Semispinalis cervicis, Rectus capitis dorsalis major, Rectus capitis dorsalis minor, Rectus capitis lateralis, Obliquus capitis inferior, Obliquus capitis superior, Longus atlantis. Muscles Primarily Thoracic in Location: Spinalis dorsi, Iliocostalis. Short Deep Epaxial Bundles: Multifidus spinae, Extensor caudae medialis, Intertransversarii, Interspinales.
Learning Lives in the Post‐Island World

At 8:30 A.M. on Nancy's mythical day, she set out by foot on the same streets that I traveled by bike only five years ago. Nancy slowly discovered the once "invisible" Cambodians who lived throughout those blocks, while only a few years earlier I worked with Hmong refugees from Laos who still live (invisible to most) in those very same blocks. This is an apt parallel, in that Nancy and I have walked the same streets, literally, but also figuratively, as we struggle to make sense of our work and our own lives while learning about the sense making and lives of others.
Basal and Dexamethasone Suppressed Salivary Cortisol Concentrations in a Community Sample of Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with lower concentrations of cortisol and enhanced suppression of cortisol by dexamethasone, although discrepancies exist among reports. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of cortisol responses in patients seeking treatment for PTSD resulting from a variety of traumatic experiences and to test whether cortisol responses are significantly related to childhood trauma, severity of symptoms, or length of time since trauma. Methods Salivary cortisol was measured at 8 am , 4 pm , and 10 pm on 2 consecutive days before and after a 10 pm dose of .5 mg dexamethasone in 17 psychotropic medication and substance-free subjects with PTSD and 17 matched control subjects. Results Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the baseline salivary cortisol concentrations demonstrated a significant effect for group with higher concentrations in the PTSD group but no significant differences in responses to dexamethasone. The presence of childhood abuse did not significantly affect salivary cortisol concentrations, and there was no correlation between predexamethasone cortisol and either the severity of PTSD symptoms or the time since the index trauma. Conclusions Neither low basal concentrations nor enhanced suppression of cortisol are consistent markers of a PTSD diagnosis.
Ritual Texts and Literary Texts in Abhinavagupta’s Aesthetics: Notes on the Beginning of the ‘Critical Reconstruction’

In a recent paper in this Journal Hugo David discussed the possible sources for the comparison that Abhinavagupta draws between ritual and literary discourse at the beginning of his “critical reconstruction” of the theory of rasa in the sixth chapter of his New Dramatic Art. The question of Abhinavagupta’s sources raises more general questions about Abhinavagupta’s use of the concepts and analytical procedures of Mīmāṃsā in his literary-theoretical works. What, if anything, does Mīmāṃsā really have to do with the analysis of literary texts? How, if at all, can we construct parallels between ritual and literary texts such that the hermeneutics of one can illuminate the hermeneutics of the other? And more specifically, what are the examples that might convince us that there are such parallels? With these questions I attempt, modestly, to reach a somewhat better understanding of the beginning of Abhinavagupta’s “critical reconstruction,” which has already received a disproportionate amount of scholarly attention. I also hope, however, that this passage might serve as an example for how to think of the “borrowing” of concepts typically associated with Mīmāṃsā into the realm of literary theory.
Euler solutions for high-speed flow about complex three-dimensional configurations

A numerical algorithm based on a finite-volume explicit scheme with Runge-Kutta time integration of the Euler equations is presented for calculating high-speed three-dimensional flow about complex aerospace configurations. The use of enhancing factors such as artificial dissipative terms, enthalpy damping and local time-stepping are described. An algebraic method for generating quasi-three-dimensional computational grids for realistic aerospace configurations is presented. Computed results for various three-dimensional bodies at different Mach numbers and angles of attack have been obtained using the methods for grid-generation and flow simulation. Comparison of computed and experimental data for an advanced tactical aircraft-like configuration is presented, and a reasonable agreement of the data is noticed.
ECDYSTEROIDS DURING PUPAL DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE XYLEBORUS FERRUGINEUS

Ecdysteroid titers were estimated on the whole body homogenates of Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) female pupae during development by radioimmunoassay. A distinct peak of ecdysteroids was observed at 36-hr pupal development (743 pg/mg body wt). Titer declined to 299 pg/mg by the pharate adult stage and to 193 pg/mg body wt just before adult emergence. Qualitative studies by HPLC revealed a ratio of 3:1 ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone in the initial pupal stage. Pharate adults had mainly 20-hydroxyecdysone. The observed single peak in ecdysteroid titer agrees with findings in other studied coleopteran species. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ecdysteroide wahrend der Puppenentwicklung weiblicher Xyleborus ferrugineus Der Ecdysteroidtiter weiblicher Puppen von Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabr.) wurde geschatzt, indem ganze Tiere homogenisiert und radioimmunologisch untersucht wurden. Ein ausgepragtes Maximum an Ecdysteroiden wurde bei 36 Stunden Puppenentwicklung beobachtet (743 pg/mg Korpergewicht). Der Titer nahm ab auf 299 pg/mg im Pharatstadium und auf 193 pg/mg unmittelbar vor Schlupfen der Adulten. Qualitative Studien mit HPLC ergaben in frischen Puppen ein Verhaltnis von 3:1 Ecdyson zu 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Pharatstadien enthielten vor allem 20-Hydrooxyecdyson. Das beobachtete einzige Maximum im Titer stimmt uberein mit den Resultaten bei andern untersuchten Coleopteren.
Xe in glacial ice and the atmospheric inventory of noble gases

Abstract We report noble gas abundance data for four Antarctic glacial ice samples which were selected to test the hypothesis that the apparent Xe deficiency in the earth's atmosphere relative to meteoritic abundance is due to incorporation of Xe in glacial ice. Our measurements indicate that the concentrations of Xe in glacial ice fall far short (~10 4 ) of what the hypothesis requires. The present results complete the survey of all significant atmospheric reservoirs and show that the “missing Xe” is not contained in any of them. It must either be in the solid earth in yet unsampled reservoirs, or else it simply does not exist and the noble gas abundance pattern of the earth is dissimilar to that in meteorites.
Cross-correlation effects in the spin—lattice relaxation curves of solid CH3CH3 and CH3CD3☆

Abstract Non-exponential proton spin—lattice relaxation has been observed in solid CH 3 CH 3 and CH 3 CD 3 . Comparison with recent theoretical predi
Going With the Flow Preschoolers Prefer Nondissenters as Informants

In two experiments, 3- and 4-year-olds were tested for their sensitivity to agreement and disagreement among informants. In pretest trials, they watched as three of four informants (Experiment 1) or two of three informants (Experiment 2) indicated the same referent for an unfamiliar label; the remaining informant was a lone dissenter who indicated a different referent. Asked for their own judgment, the preschoolers sided with the majority rather than the dissenter. In subsequent test trials, one member of the majority and the dissenter remained present and continued to provide conflicting information about the names of unfamiliar objects. Children remained mistrustful of the dissenter. They preferred to seek and endorse information from the informant who had belonged to the majority. The implications and scope of children's early sensitivity to group consensus are discussed.
Improving an outpatient clinic utilization using decision analysis-based patient scheduling

Abstract This study presents a predictive model to be used in scheduling patients in an urban outpatient clinic. The model is based upon actual patient characteristics from a physical therapy clinic within an urban health and wellness center situated in a public university. A number of reported patients' characteristics such as age, education level, distance from the clinic, historical attendance records, etc. were examined to determine if they significantly impacted the patients' missing scheduled appointments (no-shows.) Decision tree analysis was used to develop a model that assessed the likelihood of a patient's no-show, using key patient characteristics and attendance records. Such a model can be used to assist with scheduling patients in an outpatient clinic, while attempting to increase the clinic's overall utilization. Four tree growing criteria were examined to develop the model with the strongest predictive power. Predictive power of each method was assessed by using the entire dataset as well as using split sampling. The results were then compared with those of a Bayesian networks model and a neural networks model. In addition, the trade-off between the selected decision tree model's predictive power versus simplicity of the associated classification rules was examined. We also assessed the impact of various levels of overbooking on the clinic's utilization when using patients' schedules based on the predictive model.
Exposure to a nonfunctional hot plate as a factor in the assessment of morphine-induced analgesia and analgesic tolerance in rats

Rats not exposed to a hot plate with or without morphine and later tested on the functional hot plate with or without morphine, displayed increased paw lick latency relative to same-injected rats given pretest hot plate exposure. This analgesic effect, was termed behavioral analgesia since it, unlike morphine-induced analgesia, was not reversed by naloxone (Experiment 2). Behavioral tolerance was evident in animals exposed to the nonfunctional hot plate regardless of drug treatment and was dissociated from pharmacological tolerance. Behavioral analgesia and tolerance reported here may involve habituation to novel distractive stimuli associated with the hot plate test environment.
Re-evaluation of the cation distribution in orthopyroxenes by the Mössbauer effect

Abstract The resolution of Mossbauer spectra of orthopyroxenes is improved by measurement of the absorbers at temperatures close to liquid nitrogen. Some previously published data on the ferrous ion distribution betweenM1andM2 have been reevaluated.
Reply to comment by L.-S. Yao and D. Hughes

Theauthors make some strong statements, not merely about the system that they call and that I shall call eq. (1), but regarding the general practice of approximating solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) numerically. Before assessing these statements one must distinguish between just plain convergence and uniform convergence. Let Xn(t), n = 1, 2, . . ., be a sequence of vector functions of time t and let X(t) be another vector function. Of special interest here are cases where X is a particular true solution of a system of ODEs, where there exists a sequence of time increments τ n approaching 0 as n → ∞, and where the functions Xn are approximations to X produced by procedures that are identical except that the nth approximation uses the increment τ n. The sequence Xn converges to X at time t′ if, given any e > 0, there exists a corresponding N(t′) such that |Xn(t ′) − X(t ′)| N (t ′).