cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metrology, attitude, and orbit determination for spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar

The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), scheduled for an 11 day Space Shuttle flight in 1999, will use an Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar instrument to produce a near-global digital elevation map of the earth's land surface with 16 m absolute vertical height accuracy at 30 meter postings. SRTM will achieve the required interferometric baseline by extending a receive-only radar antenna on a 60 meter deployable mast from the shuttle payload bay. Continuous measurement of the interferometric baseline length, attitude, and position is required at the 2 mm, 9 arcsec, and 1 m levels, respectively, in order to obtain the desired height accuracy. The attitude and orbit determination avionics (AODA) subsystem will provide these functions for SRTM. The AODA flight sensor complement includes electro-optical metrology sensor, a star tracker, an inertial reference unit, GPS receivers, plus supporting electronics and computers. AODA ground processing computers will support SRTM system performance evaluation during the mission and baseline reconstruction after the mission. The final AODA data products will be combined with the radar data to reconstruct the height information necessary for topographic map generation. A description of the AODA system architecture, error budgets, and the major issues involved with measuring large space structures are presented.
Sulfatasen: Struktur, Mechanismus, biologische Aktivität, Inhibition, Anwendung in Synthesen

Sulfatasen – d. h. Sulfatester spaltende Enzyme – spielen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Regulierung von Sulfatierungszustanden, die uber die Funktion vieler physiologischer Molekule entscheiden. Die Substrate der Sulfatasen reichen von kleinen cytosolischen Steroiden wie dem Ostrogensulfat bis hin zu komplexen Kohlenhydraten auf Zelloberflachen, etwa den Glycosaminoglycanen. Die Umwandlung dieser Molekule wurde mit wichtigen zellularen Funktionen in Verbindung gebracht, z. B. mit der Hormonregulation, dem zellularen Abbau und der Modulation von Signalisierungsprozessen. Sulfatasen hangen mit dem Ausbruch etlicher pathophysiologischer Erscheinungen zusammen, etwa mit hormonabhangigen Krebsformen. Bis heute sind zwar zahlreiche Sulfatasen identifiziert worden, die Aufklarung des weitreichenden Spektrums ihrer biologischen Aktivitaten befindet sich aber erst am Anfang. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Uberblick uber den derzeitigen Wissensstand zu den Strukturen, Mechanismen und der Inhibition von Sulfatasen.
Techniques for Quantifying Phytoplankton Biodiversity

The biodiversity of phytoplankton is a core measurement of the state and activity of marine ecosystems. In the context of historical approaches, we review recent major advances in the technologies that have enabled deeper characterization of the biodiversity of phytoplankton. In particular, high-throughput sequencing of single loci/genes, genomes, and communities (metagenomics) has revealed exceptional phylogenetic and genomic diversity whose breadth is not fully constrained. Other molecular tools-such as fingerprinting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization-have provided additional insight into the dynamics of this diversity in the context of environmental variability. Techniques for characterizing the functional diversity of community structure through targeted or untargeted approaches based on RNA or protein have also greatly advanced. A wide range of techniques is now available for characterizing phytoplankton communities, and these tools will continue to advance through ongoing improvements in both technology and data interpretation.
Obedience, Conformity, and Social Roles: Active Learning in a Large Introductory Psychology Class:

Sixty-five undergraduates participated in a small-group activity designed to help them apply the findings from classic studies of conformity, obedience, and social roles. Students designed and demo...
Convergence of a Gauss Pseudospectral Method for Optimal Control

A convergence theory is presented for approximations of continuous-time optimal control problems based on a Gauss pseudospectral discretization. Under assumptions of coercivity and smoothness, the Gauss pseudospectral method has a local minimizer that converges exponentially fast in the sup-norm to a local minimizer of the continuous-time optimal control problem. The convergence theorem is presented and an example is given that illustrates the exponential convergence.
MIMO Adaptive Bank-To-Steer Control Algorithms for Guided Re-entry Vehicles

This paper proposes new Bank-to-Steer (BTS) control algorithms for controlling the attitude of an Apollo style capsule during guided re-entry phase. The fundamental design challenge is dynamic coupling between roll and yaw axes as a function of trim Angle-ofAttack (or pitch angle) which varies widely during the guided re-entry phase. To solve this problem, two novel approaches are proposed. The trim AOA is estimated in real-time using only the polarity of the commanded torque generated by the BTS control algorithms, without using air data from direct measurement systems as in Space Shuttle or estimation using onboard sensors and stored knowledge about flight mechanics as in Kistler. The coupled roll and yaw axes are controlled by an MIMO gain-scheduled state-feedback control algorithm. This algorithm is based on mature linear parameter varying (LPV) synthesis and proven pulse-width-pulse-frequency (PWPF) modulator. These algorithms have potential advantages over Apollo and Kistler BTS control algorithms: estimation of trim AOA is relatively simple and effective even in the presence of off-nominal flight conditions; the BTS control algorithm does not need the table of optimal gain sets and associated time-consuming procedure of gain design at different trim conditions because it automatically tunes the nominal gains as a function of trim AOA; the BTS control algorithm is so flexible that it can be re-used for other phases such as skip re-entry phase and attitude-to-velocity phase.
The Word Game: an innovative strategy for assessing implicit processes in parents at risk for child physical abuse.

OBJECTIVE: Contemporary theories of child physical abuse (CPA) emphasize the proximal role of social cognitive processes (many of which are implicit in nature) in the occurrence of parental aggression. However, methods that allow for the systematic examination of implicit cognitive processes during the course of aggressive interactions are needed. To address this need, the present study was designed to examine the utility of the Word Game, an innovative procedure designed to assess implicit changes in schema accessibility during the course of an interpersonal exchange involving aggressive response options. METHODS: The game involves a series of competitive reaction time trials which are actually lexical decision making trials designed to determine the accessibility of schema throughout the game. Each parent was led to believe that they were competing against another player with whom they exchanged sound blasts of varying intensities. Participants in the present study were parents who were either low (n=50) or high (n=20) risk for CPA. RESULTS: Results revealed that high CPA risk parents behaved more aggressively than low CPA risk parents and that provocation augmented the aggressiveness of all participants. Among high CPA risk parents, positive schema became less accessible (whereas negative schema became more accessible) following lost rounds. At the conclusion of the game, high CPA risk parents reported more aggressive motives than low CPA risk parents. Further, aggressive motives significantly mediated the association between CPA risk status and aggressiveness (i.e., mean sound blast selections). CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, results support the potential utility of the Word Game as a means of advancing the study of social cognitive processes involved in parental aggression. Language: en
Factors Influencing Physician Recommendation for Imatinib Mesylate in Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify significant influences on physician recommendation for imatinib mesylate in chronic phase CML patients. Methods: Data were collected via a mail and Web survey of a random sample of 1,100 hematologists/oncologists. Physicians’ recommendations for imatinib were measured with a visual analog scale in response to a series of clinical vignettes. Linear multiple regression was used to test the model, with physician recommendations as the dependent variable. The independent variables included treatment characteristics, communication channels, physician characteristics, social system characteristics, and control variables. Results: A total of 305 responses was received, giving a response rate of 29%. The regression model was found to be significant. Perceived relative advantages in efficacy, peer influence, past experience, and academic affiliation were significant positive influences and transplant specialty was a significant negative influence on physician recommendation for imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic phase CML. Conclusion: Treatment characteristics, peer influence, and physician specialty had significant influences on physician recommendation for imatinib mesylate.
Kashaya Extrametricality and Formal Symmetry

Kager (2012), Martinez-Paricio & Kager (2013), and Martinez-Paricio (2013) propose layered feet to account for a variety of phenomena, including stress windows, mixed binary and ternary alternations, and extrametricality. Although many metrical theories do not accommodate left-edge extrametricality, they use constraints that are almost entirely symmetrical and can therefore capture initial extrametricality in a language like Kashaya (Pomoan: California). Building on their work, however, I argue that the full facts of Kashaya require even more extensive use of the layered, or recursive, foot than in the other languages that they discuss, including recursion over a degenerate foot. To account for these facts formally, I claim that Non-Finality has the counterpart Non-Initiality and that the constraint system is therefore fully symmetrical; and in contrast to many previous formalizations, both are defined in terms of foot structure rather than as avoidance of stress at the edge.
Optimal Scaling of the Inverse Fraunhofer Diffraction Particle Sizing Problem: The linear system produced by quadrature

Solution of the linear system of equations obtained by discretization and numerical quadrature of the Fredholm integral equation describing Fraunhofer diffraction by a distribution of particles is considered. The condition of the resulting system of equations depends on the discretization strategy. However, the specific set of equations is shown to depend on the discretization scheme used for the scattering angle domain (the number, positions and apertures of the detectors) and for the size domain (the number and extent of the discrete size classes). The term scaling is used here to describe particular formulations or configurations of the scattering angles and size classes, and a method for optimally scaling the system is presented. Optimality is determined using several measures of the condition (stability) of the resulting system of linear equations. The results provide design rules for specifying an optimal photodetector configuration of a Fraunhofer diffraction particle sizing instrument.
Effect of corticosteroids on lymphocyte activation

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated by concanavalin A, sodium periodate, and neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase. Response to mitogens was measured by the amount of tritiated thymidine incorporated as well as the percent of “giant sheep red blood cell rosettes” generated. The thymidine incorporation was diminished by the absence of monocytes or the presence of corticosteroids. The percent of giant rosettes generated was not influenced by either change. This finding suggested that considerable lymphocyte activation could still take place in the presence of corticosteroids. When subjects received 60 mg of prednisone, they developed lymphopenia 5 hr later. The circulating lymphocytes at that time responded less well to mitogen stimulation when measured by both thymidine incorporation and percent giant rosettes, suggesting a selective sequestration of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes outside the circulatory compartment.
Preparing for exascale: modeling MPI for many-core systems using fine-grain queues

This paper presents a fine-grain queueing model of MPI point-to-point messaging performance for use in the design and analysis of current and future large-scale computing systems. In particular, the model seeks to capture key performance behavior of MPI communication on many-core systems. We demonstrate that this model encompasses key MPI performance characteristics, such as short/long protocol and offload/onload protocol tradeoffs, and demonstrate its use in predicting the potential impact of architectural and software changes for many-core systems on communication performance. In addition, we also discuss the limitations of this model and potential directions for enhancing its fidelity.
Ultra-compact integrated silicon photonics balanced coherent photodetector

In this paper, the performance simulations of a novel ultra-compact balanced coherent photodetector for operation at a wavelength of 1.5 μm are presented and design proposals for future fabrication processes are provided. It consists of a compact 2x2 MMI that is evanescently coupled into a germanium MSM photodetection layer. The simulations demonstrate dark current less than 10 nA, capacitance less than 20 fF, and optical bandwidth in the 10-30 GHz range. We propose utilizing the simplicity of direct wafer bonding to bond the detection layer to the output waveguides to avoid complicated epitaxial growth issues. This ultra-compact device shows promise as a high-speed, low-cost integrated silicon photonics solution for the telecommunications infrastructure.
α-Galactosylceramide protects swine against influenza infection when administered as a vaccine adjuvant

Natural killer T (NKT) -cells activated with the glycolipid ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) stimulate a wide array of immune responses with many promising immunotherapeutic applications, including the enhancement of vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer. In the current study, we evaluated whether α-GalCer generates protective immunity against a swine influenza (SI) virus infection when applied as an intramuscular vaccine adjuvant. Immunization of newly weaned piglets with UV-killed pandemic H1N1 A/California/04/2009 (kCA04) SI virus and α-GalCer induced high titers of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies and generated virus-specific T cells that localized in intrapulmonary airways and in alveolar walls. Vaccination with α-GalCer resulted in a systemic increase in NKT-cell concentrations, including in the respiratory tract, which was associated with complete inhibition of viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract and much reduced viral shedding. These results indicate that NKT-cell agonists could be used to improve swine vaccine formulations in order to reduce the clinical signs of SI infection and limit the spread of influenza viruses amongst commercial pigs.
Adversarial cost-sensitive classification

In many classification settings, mistakes incur different application-dependent penalties based on the predicted and actual class labels. Cost-sensitive classifiers minimizing these penalties are needed. We propose a robust minimax approach for producing classifiers that directly minimize the cost of mistakes as a convex optimization problem. This is in contrast to previous methods that minimize the empirical risk using a convex surrogate for the cost of mistakes, since minimizing the empirical risk of the actual cost-sensitive loss is generally intractable. By treating properties of the training data as uncertain, our approach avoids these computational difficulties. We develop theory and algorithms for our approach and demonstrate its benefits on cost-sensitive classification tasks.
A Brief History of Biological Distance Analysis

Abstract Biological distance, or biodistance, analysis employs data derived from skeletal remains to reflect population relatedness (similarity/dissimilarity) through the application of multivariate statistical methods. The approaches used in biodistance studies have changed markedly over recent centuries, exploring phenotypic expressions assumed to be informative. Biodistance analysis began as the study of anomalous variants in the human skull, but the field has transformed over the centuries now seeking to incorporate skeletal morphology in the interpretation of genetic affinity, providing insight into the genetics governing trait expression, and providing understanding into the role of developmental biology on the expression of morphological variants. As methodological approaches improve, so too has the application of these analyses. We present here a brief historical overview of biodistance analysis research, focusing on meta-themes in the field, shifts in thinking among researchers in biological anthropology, and several of the outside influences that impact biodistance analysis.
David Oliver: NHS continuing care is a mess

Early in my training, English hospitals tended to have a ward or two of patients who were staying indefinitely. Some were on site; some were out of sight in a former Poor Law hospital. Local residents often feared them as places you’d never leave alive. Then came large and rapid reductions in hospital bed capacity, including these wards, even as the population aged and demand rose.1 The NHS and Community Care Act 1990 helped accelerate a shift in England towards commissioning more personalised care outside hospital, and it increased means testing for social care in all …
The Business Improvement District Movement: Contributions to Public Administration and Management by Seth A. Grossman

Grossman, S. (2016). The Business Improvement District Movement: Contributions to Public Administration and Management. New York, NY: Routledge. $49.95 (paperback), ISBN: 978-1-1386-6889-8.
Breaking Health Barriers: How Can Public Libraries Contribute?

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the health information needs of the State of Oklahoma, which ranks 45th among all 50 states in the health status of its citizens. A deficit in collections technology...
Introgressions from Oryza rufipogon Increase Photosynthetic Efficiency of KMR3 Rice Lines

Abstract To understand the wild Oryza genome effect on photosynthesis and its relation to total dry matter accumulation in an elite rice variety, a set of 40 stable introgression lines (ILs) BC 3 F 8 derived from a cross of Oryza sativa (KMR3) × Oryza rufipogon (WR120) were grown under well watered conditions. Leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf chlorophyll estimates were conducted at the flowering stage. The results revealed significant variations in net photosynthetic rate ( Pn ), transpiration rate ( E ), transpiration efficiency ( Pn / E ) and carboxylation efficiency ( Pn / C i ). Pn showed significant positive correlation with E , stomatal conductance ( g s ), Pn / C i and total canopy dry matter. Specific leaf area and leaf thickness were not significantly correlated with Pn . Thirty-seven out of 40 ILs showed higher Pn than KMR3 [11.28 μmol/(m 2 ·s)], and 20 ILs showed higher Pn than WR120 [15.08 μmol/(m 2 ·s)]. The line IL194 showed the highest Pn [21.62 μmol/(m 2 ·s)] with increased total canopy dry matter followed by lines IL381, IL106, IL363-12, IL198, IL86-18 and IL50, which exhibited Pn above 18.0 μmol/(m 2 ·s). The ILs with enhanced Pn are a potential source for developing rice varieties and hybrids with higher biomass and yield.
Adolescents' Perceptions of a Gardening Activity at a Juvenile Justice Center.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elicit participants’ (N = 16) perceptions of a gardening activity at a juvenile justice center and to determine whether past exposure to gardening and farm...
Factors associated with willingness to participate in a vaccine clinical trial among elderly Hispanic patients.

Abstract A population specific understanding of barriers and facilitators to participation in clinical trials could improve recruitment of elderly and minority populations. We investigated how prior exposure to clinical trials and incentives were associated with likelihood of participation in a vaccine clinical trial through a questionnaire administered to 200 elderly patients in an academic general internal medicine clinic. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test compared likelihood of participation with and without monetary incentives. Logistic regression evaluated characteristics associated with intent to participate in an influenza vaccine trial, adjusted for age, gender, language, and education history. When asked about likelihood of participation if there was monetary compensation, there was a 12.2% absolute increase in those reporting that they would not participate, with a significant difference in the distribution of likelihood before and after mentioning a monetary incentive (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.001). Those with previous knowledge of clinical trials (54.4%) were more likely to report they would participate vs. those without prior knowledge (OR 2.5, 95% CI [1.2, 5.2]). The study highlights the importance of pre-testing recruitment materials and incentives in key group populations prior to implementing clinical trials.
Neocortical Neurogenesis and Circuit Assembly

The mammalian brain is an extraordinarily complex organ. The outermost part of the brain is the cerebral cortex, which plays a key role in higher-order brain functions, such as perception, language, and decision-making. Since the invention of Golgi staining, which allowed for visualization of individual neurons, defining neural circuits underlying various brain functions has been a field of intense study for over a century. In this chapter, we will discuss the formation of neocortical circuits, emphasizing on how individual components are generated and assembled during development and how early developmental processes, including neurogenesis and neuronal migration, may guide precise circuit assembly.
Concise total synthesis of (+)-asperazine A and (+)-pestalazine B

The highly convergent total synthesis of dimeric diketopiperazine alkaloids (+)-asperazine A and (+)-pestalazine B is described. A critical aspect of our expedient route was the development of a directed regio- and diastereoselective C3-N1' coupling of complex tetracyclic diketopiperazine components. This late-stage heterodimerization reaction was made possible by design of tetracyclic diketopiperazines that allow C3-carbocation coupling of the electrophilic component to the N1' locus of the nucleophilic fragment. The application of this new coupling reaction to the first total synthesis of (+)-asperazine A led to our revision of the sign and magnitude of the optical rotation for the reported structure.
Improving channel features using statistical analysis for pedestrian detection

As one of the most successful features in vision-based pedestrian detection, filtered channel features have drawn considerable attention in the research community. In this paper, we improve the channel features by performing a statistical analysis of each channel and taking both the average map and variance map into account. The average map informs us the local structure of the human body parts and how it looks like in general. The variance map points out the region where high variation in human poses takes place. Based on both the average and variance information, we create two types of templates, each employs a different design strategy and generates the feature value in different ways. We also utilize the co-existence of strong responses that take place in non-neighboring region pairs to enrich the feature pool. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good performance on the INRIA and Caltech-USA benchmark with small feature size, short training time, and less training examples are required.
Michael Crew’s (and Paul Kleindorfer’s) Scholarly Contributions to the CRRI Postal Conferences, 1990–2012

Michael Crew held the first Rutgers University Center for Research in Regulated Industries (CRRI) Conference on Postal and Delivery Economics on July 22, 1990 in Rugby, England. Since that first conference, he organized 23 more, the last of them with Pier Luigi Parcu and the Florence School of Regulation (FSR). This 25th was the first organized in his absence.
STAT5 inhibition induces TRAIL/DR4 dependent apoptosis in peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

// Haley M. Simpson 1, 2, 3 , Aki Furusawa 1, 2, 3 , Kavitha Sadashivaiah 1, 2, 3 , Curt I. Civin 2, 3, 4 and Arnob Banerjee 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 2 Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 4 Department of Physiology and Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Correspondence to: Haley M. Simpson, email: haley.simpson@som.umaryland.edu Keywords: STAT5; JAK/STAT; pimozide; peripheral T cell lymphoma; apoptosis Received: July 07, 2017 Accepted: February 28, 2018 Published: March 30, 2018 ABSTRACT Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a rare, aggressive, heterogeneous, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with poor prognosis and inadequate response to current therapies. Recent sequencing studies indicate a prevalence of activating mutations in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Oncogenic mutations in STAT5B, observed in approximately one third of cases of multiple different PTCL subtypes, correlate with inferior patient outcomes. Therefore, interest in the development of therapeutic strategies for targeting STAT5 in PTCL is warranted. In this study, we show that the drug pimozide inhibits STAT5 in PTCL, leading to apoptotic cell death by means of the TRAIL/DR4 dependent extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Pimozide induced PTCL cell death is caspase 8 dependent, increases the expression of the TRAIL receptor, DR4, on the surface of pre-apoptotic PTCL cells, and enhances TRAIL induced apoptosis in a TRAIL dependent manner. In parallel, we show that mRNA and protein levels of intrinsic pathway BCL-2 family members and mitochondrial membrane potential remain unaffected by STAT5 knockdown and/or inhibition. In primary PTCL patient samples, pimozide inhibits STAT5 activation and induces apoptosis. Our data support a role for STAT5 inhibition in PTCL and implicate potential utility for inhibition of STAT5 and activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway as combination therapy in PTCL.
Hepatitis C Seroprevalence among Prison Inmates since 2001: Still High but Declining:

a ABSTRACT Objectives. Although the hepatitis C epidemic in the United States dispro- portionately affects correctional populations, the last national estimates of seroprevalence and disease burden among these populations are more than a decade old. We investigated routine hepatitis C surveillance conducted in state prison systems and updated previous estimates. Methods. We surveyed all U.S. state correctional departments to determine which state prison systems had performed routine hepatitis C screening since 2001. Using seroprevalence data for these prison systems, we estimated the national hepatitis C seroprevalence among prisoners in 2006 and the share of the epidemic borne by correctional populations. Results. Of at least 12 states performing routine testing from 2001 to 2012, seroprevalences of hepatitis C ranged from 9.6% to 41.1%. All but one state with multiple measurements demonstrated declining seroprevalence. We estimated the national state prisoner seroprevalence at 17.4% in 2006. Based on the estimated total U.S. correctional population size, we projected that 1,857,629 people with hepatitis C antibody were incarcerated that year. We estimated that correctional populations represented 28.5%-32.8% of the total U.S. hepatitis C cases in 2006, down from 39% in 2003. Conclusions. Our results provide an important updated estimate of hepatitis C seroprevalence and suggest that correctional populations bear a declining but still sizable share of the epidemic. Correctional facilities remain important sites for hepatitis C case finding and therapy implementation. These results may also assist future studies in projecting the societal costs and benefits of provid - ing new treatment options in prison systems.
User tagging for digital archives: the case of commercial keywords from the grand secretariat

To make digital archives more accessible to industries, this study used tags given by cultural creative industries to items in digital archives to analyze the differences between the terms used by commercial users and scholars from the archive agency. We analyzed the self-created commercial tags (60%) and the tags adopted from academic terms (40%). The results showed that terms provided by the archive agency were still more likely to be based on domain knowledge. In comparison, the superordinate terms are more likely to be needed by the commercial users. This study suggests that the research findings of six types of semantic relationship and eight types of linked properties could be further transformed into metadata best practices for the digital archive agency, thus bridging the divide between the commercial tags and academic terms.
28-OR: ALLELE SPECIFIC ANTI-HLA ANTIBODY IN A BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT PATIENT

Aim A 53 year- old female with therapy-related myelodysplasia was a candidate for unrelated double-cord transplant. She had already received an autologous transplant, followed by a haploidentical transplant from her son. Multiple transfusions were required. STR analysis indicated that her cells were now 90-100% of patient origin. Anti-HLA antibodies were characterized to avoid cord-specific antigens. Methods Solid phase HLA antibody detection technology (One Lambda) was applied to screen and identify Class I and II anti-HLA. Results The patient was highly sensitized as shown by hemolysis after the haploidentical transplant. Further testing also detected anti Class I and II HLA antibodies, with very high MFI values starting at 14000. Specific antibodies to self antigens (A3, B51, 52) were not detected, except for an anti-HLA-A∗68. Raw data from single antigen beads (One Lambda), clearly showed the presence of the A68 antibody, however, the corresponding molecular specificity was not the patient’s A∗68:01, but A∗68:02, with high MFI values of 8500 and 3800, detected on 2 different samples 5 months apart. In both cases, anti A∗68:01 was negative. Conclusions There are 5 amino acid differences between A∗68:01 and A∗68:02, affecting the CDEF pockets, which may result in distinctly different peptide binding specificities. While the A∗68:01 allele is present everywhere, the A∗68:02 allele occurs mostly in Africa. A disease association with one, but not the other allele of the A68 group has been reported, and could result in functional differences. The previous transplant donor, the haploidentical son, was negative for A∗68:02 and therefore the presence of the A68 antibody would not have influenced the transplant outcome. Our institution uses HLA-A, B antigen and DRB1 allele matching for cords. In this particular case, our recommendation was to only mismatch antigens if the patient has no cord specific anti-HLA antibodies and to avoid mismatches for HLA-A∗68 alleles.
Estrogen Receptor Studies at the University of Chicago

Since 1957 the Ben May Laboratory for Cancer Research at the University of Chicago has investigated the mechanism of estrogen action what happens to the steroid molecule as it initiates growth in a target tissue. This work is reviewed through consideration of several relevant topics. Interaction in vivo effect of steroid structure interaction in vitro binding sites and receptor proteins and the relationship between receptors and human breast cancer are considered. Estrogen receptors are considered in an appended discussion led by DeSombre. DeSombre concludes that the point has been reached where the apparent gross interactions of estradiol with the uterine cell originally described in vivo can be reproduced in the simpler in vitro systems of whole tissue incubations or cell-free extracts.
Expert System Development for Auto Oxidizable Compounds

Determining risk in hazardous waste management has become one of the highest priorities in this burgeoning field. Although there are many inherent problems in chemical handling, the more insidious dangers involve reactions which occur as a result of aging, such as auto oxidation. Many organic compounds with secondary and tertiary carbon structures or double bonds are vulnerable to peroxide formation and subsequent thermal decomposition under conditions of shock or elevated temperature. An expert system, DIRECTOR, has been developed to make risk management decisions about these compounds based upon chemical file information and information about individual containers. The development of such systems is very important in order to help transporters, technicians, and others who do not have a chemistry background make good decisions about handling these materials.
Commentary: Achieving phosphorus reduction targets for Lake Erie

Abstract Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs), which were largely absent from Lake Erie from the 1980s until the mid-late 1990s, have been growing steadily worse in intensity. While much of the phosphorus loading into the lake prior to 1972 was caused by point-source pollution, approximately 88% to 93% of current loading comes from nonpoint sources, of which agriculture is the dominant land use. A reduction target of 860 metric tons, or 40% of the total phosphorus spring loading in 2008, has been set with the expectation that such a reduction could limit the size and associated impact of HABs in 9 out of every 10 years. We review the effectiveness of recommended practices aimed at reducing phosphorus loss in agriculture and pair this knowledge with behavioral data on likely adoption to identify how best to achieve the reduction target. The data suggests that the target is feasible as a majority of the farming population is willing to consider many of the recommended practices. However, increases in adoption over time have been minimal, and farmers will need better cost-benefit information, site-specific decision support tools, and technical assistance in order to more rapidly adopt and execute the placement of recommended practices. A combination of voluntary and mandatory approaches may be needed, but policies and programs promoting voluntary adoption should be designed to better target known barriers and maximize voluntary program effectiveness.
Chapter 3 – Mechanical Systems

This chapter derives time-domain mathematical models of mechanical systems that are formed of inertia, spring, and damping elements. The lumped-parameter modeling approach is utilized to study single-degrees of freedom (DOF) systems that depend on one independent variable, and whose mathematical model consists of one differential equation. Multiple-DOF systems with mathematical models formed of several differential equations are also analyzed. Translatory and rotary mechanical systems are modeled to study the free-undamped (natural), free-damped, and forced responses by using Newton's second law of motion, the conservation of energy method, or Lagrange's equations. Analytical methods as well as MATALB and Simulink are used to solve and analyze several examples.
Affect Sequences and Learning in Betty's Brain

Education research has explored the role of students' affective states in learning, but some evidence suggests that existing models may not fully capture the meaning or frequency of how students transition between different states. In this study we examine the patterns of educationally-relevant affective states within the context of Betty's Brain, an open-ended, computer-based learning system used to teach complex scientific processes. We examine three types of affective transitions based on similarity with the theorized D'Mello and Graesser model, transition between two affective states, and the sustained instances of certain states. We correlate of the frequency of these patterns with learning outcomes and our findings suggest that boredom is a powerful indicator of students' knowledge, but not necessarily indicative of learning. We discuss our findings within the context of both research and theory on affect dynamics and the implications for pedagogical and system design.
Language Practices of Indigenous Children and Youth: The Transition from Home to School, edited by G. Wigglesworth, J. Simpson, & J. Vaughan

Editors Wigglesworth, Simpson, and Vaughan (2018) bring together scholars and community educators in this deeply innovative book titled: Language practices of Indigenous children and youth: The tra...
µ-Opioid Activity in Chronic TMD Pain Is Associated with COMT Polymorphism.

Clinicians have the dilemma of prescribing opioid or nonopioid analgesics to chronic pain patients; however, the impact of pain on our endogenous µ-opioid system and how our genetic profile (specif...
Pharmacy on-site overdose protocols and prevention of overdose

Background: Opioid overdose is a preventable injury leading to high morbidity and premature mortality in communities across the United States. Overdoses take place where people use drugs, including...
Right care: Improving timeliness and promoting preventive health in a lower socioeconomic reproductive health clinic.

BACKGROUND Missed prevention opportunities are a financial burden to the US health care system and result in excess consumption of resources, reduced quality of life, increased morbidity, and premature death. LOCAL PROBLEM High staff turnover and inefficient practices at a local health department caused long patient wait times and missed opportunities for preventive health care. The project aim was to improve timeliness through Right Care in a lower socioeconomic reproductive health clinic while decreasing patient cycle time by 10% in 90 days. METHODS We used four plan-do-study-act cycles incorporating tests of change that focused on team and patient engagement and two process changes. The interventions included a care coordination huddle, an infant feeding decision aid to better understand patient values, a sexual health screening tool to identify prevention opportunities, and a redesigned patient-centered discharge process to improve efficiency. RESULTS Over 90 days, the receipt of Right Care increased while patient cycle time decreased by 2.6%. The team improved function with a mean huddle effectiveness score increase from 2 to 4.4 (1-5 Likert scale). Intent to breastfeed increased by 49% (35%-52%), and identification of preventive care needs increased by 320% (15%-63%). Preventive care follow-up remained unchanged at 26% with the new discharge process, identifying weaknesses in the health department referral systems. CONCLUSIONS Standardized tools and processes improved primary prevention opportunities at a local health department while reducing patient cycle time. The tools improved documentation of intent to exclusively breastfeed, increased preventive care identification, and streamlined the discharge process; while demonstrating a systems-level gap for long-term follow-up.
A matter of life or death: How racial representation shapes compliance with city disaster preparedness orders

To effectively govern, elected and appointed municipal officials rely on the cooperation and compliance of individuals and private actors. Particularly when policy directives lack strong enforcemen...
Interventions and neonatal outcomes of fetuses with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review.

To evaluate the current interventions and outcomes in neonates born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs). A comprehensive search of the literature...
Reseña. Carlos Aguasaco. The New York City Subway Poems/Poemas del metro de Nueva York. Ashland Poetry Press, 2020

Review. Carlos Aguasaco. The New York City Subway Poems/Poemas del metro de Nueva York. Ashland Poetry Press, 2020
A Utilization-Focused Guide for Conducting Terrorism Risk Reduction Program Evaluations

The present work employs a utilization-focused evaluation perspective to ask the big question regarding so-called deradicalization programs: how to evaluate the degree to which a given terrorism risk reduction initiative reduces post-detainment terrorism engagement. Its dual objectives are: (a) to provide a roadmap for conducting such an impact analysis with a utilization-focus, and (b) to highlight some of the unique challenges (both methodologically and theoretically) that face evaluators in the context of evaluating terrorism risk reduction initiatives. Additionally, the appendices of this work contain both a process checklist for conducting an impact analysis of such initiatives, and an evaluation self-assessment tool.
ω-3PUFA supplementation ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in subjects with obesity: a potential role for apolipoprotein E.

Background Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFA) supplementation in animal models of diet-induced obesity has consistently shown to improve insulin sensitivity. The same is not always reported in human studies with insulin resistant (IR) subjects with obesity. Objective We studied whether high-dose ω-3PUFA supplementation for 3 months improves insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in IR subjects with obesity. Methods Thirteen subjects (BMI = 39.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2) underwent 80 mU/m2·min euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp with subcutaneous (Sc) AT biopsy before and after 3 months of ω-3PUFA (DHA and EPA, 4 g/daily) supplementation. Cytoadipokine plasma profiles were assessed before and after ω-3PUFA. AT-specific inflammatory gene expression was evaluated on Sc fat biopsies. Microarray analysis was performed on the fat biopsies collected during the program. Results Palmitic and stearic acid plasma levels were significantly reduced (P Conclusion High dose of long chain ω-3PUFA supplementation modulates significant changes in plasma fatty acid profile, AT, and systemic inflammation. These findings are associated with significant improvement of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Unbiased microarray analysis of Sc fat biopsy identified APOE as among the most differentially regulated gene after ω-3PUFA supplementation. We speculate that ω-3PUFA increases macrophage-derived APOE mRNA levels with anti-inflammatory properties.
Acknowledging the past: Trauma informed social justice & dance movement therapy

This theoretical paper examines historical traumas and the impact they have on the mental health fields when working within similarities and across difference. This paper also examines racist ideol...
Awareness and Knowledge of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents Assigned Male at Birth in the United States

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adolescents assigned male at birth are at increased risk for HIV infection. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a daily pill taken to prevent HIV, which the United States Food and Drug Administration approved for minors under age 18 years weighing at least 77.5 lb in 2018. A lack of awareness and knowledge of PrEP are barriers to uptake among adults and adolescents, but SGM adolescents’ awareness and knowledge about PrEP remain underexplored and no studies have assessed SGM adolescents’ informational needs. We collected data on 59 SGM adolescents’ (ages 14–18 years) awareness, knowledge, and questions about PrEP in an online survey and six online focus groups. Although a majority of SGM adolescents (83.1%) were aware of PrEP before the study, many wanted more information about side effects and how to navigate potential barriers to PrEP initiation. Findings can inform public health efforts to promote PrEP knowledge and uptake among SGM adolescents.
Improved cloud detection for the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder: Training an artificial neural network on colocated MLS and Aqua-MODIS data

Abstract. An improved cloud detection algorithm for the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) is presented. This new algorithm is based on a feedforward artificial neural network and uses as input, for each MLS limb scan, a vector consisting of 1,710 brightness temperatures provided by MLS observations from 15 different tangent altitudes and up to 13 spectral channels in each of 10 different MLS bands. The model has been trained on global cloud properties reported by Aqua’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). In total, the colocated MLS-MODIS data set consists of 162,117 combined scenes sampled on 208 days over 2005–2020. We show that the algorithm can correctly classify > 96 % of cloudy and clear instances for previously unseen MLS scans. A comparison to the current MLS cloudiness flag used in “Level 2” processing reveals a huge improvement in classification performance. For all profiles in the colocated MLS-MODIS data set, the algorithm successfully detects 97.8 % of profiles affected by clouds, up from 15.8 % for the Level 2 flagging. Meanwhile, false positives reported for actually clear profiles are reduced to 1.7 %, down from 6.2 % in Level 2. The classification performance is not dependent on geolocation. The new cloudiness flag is applied to determine average global cloud cover between 2015 and 2019, successfully reproducing the spatial patterns of mid-level to high clouds reported in previous studies. It is also applied to four example cloud fields to illustrate the reliable performance for different cloud structures with varying degrees of complexity. Training a similar model on MODIS-retrieved cloud top pressure yields reliable predictions with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99. The combination of cloudiness flag and predicted cloud top pressure provides the means to identify MLS profiles in the presence of high-reaching convection.