cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vibrational spectroscopic studies of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxylsilane sol-gel and its coating.

Abstract Organosilane sol–gels have been prepared under different conditions from mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (MPTES). These sol–gels were applied for the thin film coating on aluminum. Vibrational spectroscopy has been employed to trace and to study the proceeding of the sol–gel formation and the curing of the coated films on Al. Based on the group frequencies as well as their spectral behavior under different conditions, vibrational assignments have been made for most of the observed bands. Surface enhanced Raman scattering has revealed the chemical adsorption of MPTMS sol–gel on silver particles. Recorded reflection and absorption infrared (RAIR) spectra of coated tiles cured at different temperatures have indicated that surface reaction may occur at high temperature. The anticorrosion characters of the coated metals have been evaluated with the measured electrochemical data. Results from cyclic voltammographs have indicated that each layer of sol–gel coating would reduce the redox current across the electrode/electrolyte solution interface. Tafel plots have shown that the anodic current of the coated electrode decreases significantly and the corrosion potentials shift to the positive side.
An integrated model for prevention and treatment of drug abuse among American Indian youth.

American Indian youth ahve been shown to be at high risk for drug abuse. Epidemiological studies of Indian school students over the past two decades have revealed rates of use consistently higher than those found for other youth. Socioeconomic and historical factors have led to conditions that put a great deal of stress on the family and other support systems which in part account for the seriousness of the problem. A model is presented which can guide both prevention and treatment efforts addressing drug abuse in Indian communities. Five variable domains, peer associations and drug use, are related in an integrated structure. By following the progression of the etiological variables, a stepwise plan can be developed to organize interventions. Although the model has immediate utility, a number of further research questions are outlined that will enhance its application.
Emotion regulation therapy: An integrative approach to treatment-resistant anxiety disorders

Cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, and experiential approaches have historically been characterized by differing definitions of emotions and beliefs concerning their role in psychopathological process and treatment. However, given recent advances in the basic psychological sciences of emotion and emotion regulation, theoretical orientations are converging on similar viewpoints as to the functional role of emotions in conceptualizing and treating of a variety of disorders. One such area where emotions and their regulation may play a significant role is in chronic, complex, and treatment-resistant forms of anxiety disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). A review of the historical approaches to emotions in the major theoretical orientations is presented. Following this, a model of emotion disruption and dysregulation is presented as it relates to anxiety disorders and GAD, in particular. Finally, a new treatment for GAD, emotion regulation therapy, aimed at ameliorating dysfunctional affective processes, is described.
Messenger RNA abundance and lifetime: a correlation in Drosophila cells but not in HeLa

Abstract Messenger RNA in eukaryotes is comprised of several abundance classes. Also, the decay of these unstable molecules shows at least two very different lifetimes. Two independent techniques are used here to examine the relation between message abundance and lifetime in cell lines from very different organisms. The methods give consistent results for each cell line; however, the two cell types show very different results. In brosophile cells, slowly decaying sequences fall in the abundant class while scarce sequences turn over rapidly. In contrast, in HeLa cells the abundant and scarce message classes are each comprised of long- and short-lived molecules.
A RURAL VERSUS URBAN CHILDREN'S MENTAL HEALTH CLINIC POPULATION

In our urban-oriented society, the paucity of information concerning the mental health needs of rural youth and children is outstanding. A search of the literature has failed to reveal any American study describing a rural children's psychiatric clinic population. Possibly this is due to the lack of mental health services for children outside of our cities. However, one third of the youthful population of the United States still lives in rural areas (Aldrich and Wedgwood, 1970) . Thus, this sizable minority seems to offer great potential for both services and study. No one has questioned the need for data concerning patient populations in planning for mental health services. Reporting the experiences of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic in providing services to low socioeconomic families, Malone (1970) has stated, "One of the impediments to developing mental health service in any community is that the success of these services cannot be assessed without an accurate baseline knowledge about mental illness in that community" (p. 24) . Several urban child psychiatric clinic populations have been studied. There are published reports concerning the families and psychiatric problems of children in clinics in Buffalo, Philadelphia, and Brooklyn (Roach et al., 1958; Tuckman and Regan, 1966; Sabot et al., 1969). Rosen et al. (1964) described rates of child and adult outpatient clinic usage for various demographic groups in the United States according to age, sex, color, and psychiatric diagnosis.
Identification of a Nonsteroidal Liver X Receptor Agonist through Parallel Array Synthesis of Tertiary Amines

A potent, selective, orally active LXR agonist was identified from focused libraries of tertiary amines. GW3965 (12) recruits the steroid receptor coactivator 1 to human LXRα in a cell-free ligand-sensing assay with an EC50 of 125 nM and profiles as a full agonist on hLXRα and hLXRβ in cell-based reporter gene assays with EC50's of 190 and 30 nM, respectively. After oral dosing at 10 mg/kg to C57BL/6 mice, 12 increased expression of the reverse cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in the small intestine and peripheral macrophages and increased the plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol by 30%. 12 will be a valuable chemical tool to investigate the role of LXR in the regulation of reverse cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism.
Catharanthus Alkaloids XIII: Antineoplastic and Hypotensive Activity of Alkaloid Fractions and Certain Alkaloids From Catharanthus lanceus

Hypotensive evaluation of 14 alkaloid fractions derived from C. lanceus roots and leaves in anesthetized, normotensive rats and dogs revealed that eight of the fractions reduced blood pressure from 22–73 per cent for periods ranging from 38 to more than 378 min., at doses of 8–40 mg./Kg. Yohimbine, a potent α-adrenergic blocking agent, was isolated from three of the eight active fractions. However, removal of the yohimbine from one of these fractions did not result in a loss of hypotensive activity, thus indicating that other hypotensive agents may be present. Leurosine, perivine, and pericyclivine elicited only transient hypotensive activity, whereas vindoline, tetrahydroalstonine, ajmalicine, lochnerinine, and periformyline failed to induce a hypotensive response at several dose levels. The same crude alkaloid fractions were evaluated for antineoplastic activity against the P-1534 leukemia with only one of the 14 fractions being active against this neoplasm. Leurosine, isolated from the active fraction, was shown to be a potent antineoplastic alkaloid with a high degree of cytotoxicity. Lochnerinine, although devoid of activity against the P-1534 leukemia, exhibited reproducible cytotoxicity against the 9 KB cell culture. Vindoline, catharanthine, desacetylvindoline, perivine, perivinol, periformyline, pericyclivine, pericalline, catharine, ajmalicine, tetrahydroalstonine, and yohimbine were devoid of P-1534 leukemia activity, as well as cytotoxicity. Monitoring of column chromatographic cuts of the active fraction with the P-1534 leukemia has shown that at least one additional alkaloid, active against this neoplasm, is present.
Fast and robust moving object segmentation technique for MPEG-4 object-based coding and functionality

Video object segmentation is an important component for object-based video coding schemes such as MPEG-4. A fast and robust video segmentation technique, which aims at efficient foreground and background separation via effective combination of motion and color information, is proposed in this work. First, a non-parametric gradient-based iterative color clustering algorithm, called the mean shift algorithm, is employed to provide robust dominant color regions according to color similarity. With the dominant color information from previous frames as the initial guess for the next frame, the amount of computational time can be reduced to 50%. Next, moving regions are identified by a motion detection method, which is developed based on the frame intensity difference to circumvent the motion estimation complexity for the whole frame. Only moving regions are further merged or split according to a region- based affine motion model. Furthermore, sizes, colors, and motion information of homogeneous regions are tracked to increase temporal and spatial consistency of extracted objects. The proposed system is evaluated for several typical MPEG-4 test sequences. It provides very consistent and accurate object boundaries throughout the entire test sequences.
Noise variance analysis using a flat panel x-ray detector: A method for additive noise assessment with application to breast CT applications

Purpose: A simplified linear model approach was proposed to accurately model the response of a flat panel detector used for breast CT (bCT). Methods: Individual detector pixel mean and variance were measured from bCT projection images acquired both in air and with a polyethylene cylinder, with the detector operating in both fixed low gain and dynamic gain mode. Once the coefficients of the linear model are determined, the fractional additive noise can be used as a quantitative metric to evaluate the system’s efficiency in utilizing x-ray photons, including the performance of different gain modes of the detector. Results: Fractional additive noise increases as the object thickness increases or as the radiation dose to the detector decreases. For bCT scan techniques on the UC Davis prototype scanner (80 kVp, 500 views total, 30 frames/s), in the low gain mode, additive noise contributes 21% of the total pixel noise variance for a 10 cm object and 44% for a 17 cm object. With the dynamic gain mode, additive noise only represents approximately 2.6% of the total pixel noise variance for a 10 cm object and 7.3% for a 17 cm object. Conclusions: The existence of the signal-independent additive noise is the primary cause for a quadratic relationship between bCT noise variance and the inverse of radiation dose at the detector. With the knowledge of the additive noise contribution to experimentally acquired images,system modifications can be made to reduce the impact of additive noise and improve the quantum noise efficiency of the bCT system.
Chaotic dynamics in autonomic nervous system activity of a patient during a psychotherapy session

Chaos theory and nonlinear dynamical modeling have been applied successfully in a variety of scientific fields ranging from the physical sciences to population biology. More recently, investigators have modeled long-term psychological processes by applying this paradigm to subjective measures. Yet, mathematically rigorous dynamical modeling of transient psychodynamic processes remains uncharted. Human behaviors and intrapsychic processes often defy prediction, yet psychodynamic theory views these as fundamentally deterministic. We postulate that a nonlinear dynamical analysis of mental states and mental control processes may help reconcile the paradox that seemingly random mental states are thought ultimately to result from deterministic, rather than stochastic, psychological processes. As an initial empirical approach, we examined spontaneously occurring autonomic activity of a patient during 1 hr of psychotherapy and illustrate that cardiac responses associated with psychologically meaningful events possess nonlinear characteristics indicative of chaos. Such nonlinear analyses may shed light on fundamental issues of psychological functioning.
Free Energy of Interacting Magnetic Dipoles

A system of spins on a lattice with magnetic dipole-dipole interactions, exchange, and anisotropy forces is shown to possess a well-defined bulk free energy, independent of sample shape, in the thermodynamic limit, provided there is no external magnetic field. The proof applies to classical or quantum spin systems with arbitrary $g$ tensors, and is independent of any assumption of order or disorder in the magnetic phase, convergence of perturbation series, etc.
Including the initial newborn screening bloodspot collection device serial number on birth certificates: basis and recommendations from the Secretary of Health and Human Services' Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children.

Including the initial newborn screening bloodspot collection device serial number on birth certificates: basis and recommendations from the Secretary of Health and Human Services’ Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children
The chemistry of pyrazine and its derivatives. IX The pyrazylethylation of amines

A series of pyrazylethylated derivatives of the type C4H3N2CH2CH2N= has been prepared in high yields by the reactions of vinylpyrazine with amines using methanolic acetic acid or metallic sodium as the catalyst.
Theory of a Superfluid Fermi Liquid. I. General Formalism and Static Properties

The microscopic theory of a superfluid Fermi liquid at finite temperature is developed for the case of a pure system with $S$-wave pairing, and applied to the calculation of the static properties. As a function of $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}$ these properties are determined entirely by the Landau parameters ${F}_{0}$, ${F}_{1}$, ${Z}_{0}$, etc., characterizing quasiparticle interactions in the normal phase. In particular the spin susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ and the density of the normal component ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$ are given by $\frac{\ensuremath{\chi}(\ensuremath{\theta})}{\ensuremath{\chi}(1)}=(1+\frac{1}{4}{Z}_{0})\frac{f(\ensuremath{\theta})}{[1+\frac{1}{4}{Z}_{0}f(\ensuremath{\theta})]},$ $\frac{{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}}{\ensuremath{\rho}}=(1+\frac{1}{3}{F}_{1})\frac{f(\ensuremath{\theta})}{[1+\frac{1}{3}{F}_{1}f(\ensuremath{\theta})]},$ where the universal function $f(\ensuremath{\theta})\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{-}{[\ensuremath{\nu}(0)]}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathrm{p}}(\frac{\mathrm{dn}}{d{E}_{\mathrm{p}}})$ is the "effective density of states near the Fermi surface" relative to its value $\ensuremath{\nu}(0)$ in the normal phase. Thus the often-quoted expression ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}=\frac{1}{3}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}}^{2}(\frac{\mathrm{dn}}{d{E}_{\mathrm{p}}})$ is valid for an interacting system only in the limit $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. In the latter part of the paper a simple phenomenological theory of "Fermi-liquid" effects on $\ensuremath{\chi}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$ is developed for arbitrary conditions (including the presence of impurities and pairing with $l\ensuremath{\ne}0$); it is found that under most circumstances explicit expressions for $\ensuremath{\chi}$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{n}$ may be obtained which involve only the Landau parameters and a suitably generalized effective density of states. The theory should apply to the possible superfluid phase of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ and to most superconductors. It is suggested that the Knight shift in nontransition-metal superconductors should display some "Fermi-liquid" effects. The weak-field dc penetration depth $\ensuremath{\lambda}(T)$ is shown to be insensitive to such effects both in the Pippard limit and near ${T}_{c}$; however, in a London superconductor at lower temperatures the correction to $\ensuremath{\lambda}(T)$ should be observable and yield a direct estimate of ${F}_{1}$.
The interaction of shock waves and heat addition in the design of supersonic combustors

Analytical models are needed that will permit the prediction of thrust efficiency of a supersonic combustor as a function of combustor geometry and heat release. An earlier, more general procedure for the one-dimensional analysis of supersonic combustors was developed on the basis of exponential pressure-area dependence. This paper extends that analysis by establishing three regimes for specific pseudo-one-dimensional solutions for thrust efficiency: (1) a low-heat-release regime in which the flow can be considered essentially shock-free; (2) an intermediate regime in which an oblique shock wave is sustained with a pressure ratio equal to or greater than that required for turbulent boundary-layer separation; and (3) a high-heat-release regime in which the combustion is preceded by a normal shock. The key to solution is the formulation for the wall-pressure force needed for the momentum equation. With it, a set of integral equations can be solved simultaneously for relationships between pressure ratio, total temperature ratio and area ratio across the combustor in the three regimes. It is argued that the most probable solutions are those that yield the lowest back pressure without violating the entropy limit (second law of thermodynamics). It is shown that such limiting processes, including shock waves, can yield higher over-all efficiencies than shock-free solutions, because the total pressure loss across the shock is more than compensated by the reduction in total pressure loss due to heat addition, which occurs at a lower Mach number. Results of a typical substantiating experiment falling in this class are presented, for a combustor-inlet Mach number of 3.2 and an alkyl borane fuel.
A Post-September 11th Balancing Act: Public Access to U.S. Government Information versus Protection of Sensitive Data.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to suggest realistic guidelines that balance public access to government information and the need to protect sensitive data. Emphasis is on lessons learned from a 1979 case where the government attempted to prohibit the Progressive Magazine from publishing an article about making a hydrogen bomb and government reactions to the September 11th attacks. Executive Orders 12958 and 13292 and the new U.S. Geological Survey policy towards sensitive data can become the foundation for reasonable guidelines. The author concludes that the U.S. tradition of democracy and open government remains strong and will survive the attempts to limit information access since September 11, 2001.
Energy spectrum of subthreshold K− produced in relativistic nuclear collisions

Abstract K− production at 0° has been measured for the reaction 28Si + 28Si at 2.1 GeV/nucleon. The energy dependence of the K− production cross section is given approximately by (E/p 2 ) d 2 σ/ d p d Ω = 3.9 exp (−E ∗ /91) mb GeV/sr ( GeV /c) 3 where E ∗ is the kaon kinetic energy in the nucleus-nucleus center of mass. A total K− production cross section of 1.0±0.2 mb is obtained by assuming an isotropic angular distribution in the center of mass. Possible mechanisms for subthreshold production are discussed.
Influence of Dichromate Ions on Corrosion Processes on Pure Magnesium

The corrosion behavior of Mg is of interest because of its growing use as an alloy in the transportation industry and also because it is a major component of some intermetallic phases in Al alloys, such as the deleterious S (Al 2 CoMg)-phase found in AA2024-T3. Pure Mg corrodes rapidly in a chloride-containing solution and even dissolves in water if the surface hydroxide is damaged by scratching the surface, for example. Uniform dissolution is drastically reduced in NaCl solutions (from 0.01 to 0.5 M) with the addition of very dilute concentrations of dichromate (10 -4 M). However, it is replaced by a strong localized attack in the form of fast filiform-like attack. On a large-grained sample with a defined defect structure, the attack can be seen to propagate at twin boundaries. Orientation imaging microscopy analysis found that corrosion was limited to planes near {0001} orientations with propagation being in prismatic directions. Auger electron spectroscopy analysis shows that interaction of chromate with the Mg hydroxide results in incorporation of reduced chromium ions in the hydroxide surface layer. Formation of a more resistant surface film could explain the very local nature of the corrosion in this case. The interaction between dichromate ions and Mg hydroxide can also explain the higher corrosion resistance of S-phase particles in chloride solutions containing dilute dichromate, although differences in the surface film formed compared to pure Mg are observed. Sputter-etching of the surface in order to assess the depth of the attack revealed that very hard or isolating corrosion products difficult to sputter are produced along the filiform path and that chromium compounds are not integrated in the corrosion products. Focused ion beam sectioning followed by scanning electron microscopy investigation of the sectioned area, demonstrates the presence of a continuous protective surface film. Adhesion between the Mg hydroxide and the metal is lost at the location of the corrosion filament, suggesting that the mechanism of propagation is similar to filiform corrosion under a coating. The depth of attack is a couple of micrometers with large cracks present within the corroded area that could induce severe surface damage.
Progress in the molecular genetic analysis of trichome initiation and morphogenesis in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis trichomes are large unicellular structures that develop on the surface of most shoot-derived organs. In leaves, the number, spacing and shape of trichomes is tightly regulated, and this process has been used as an experimental system to study the control of cell fate and pattern formation. The control of trichome initiation is complex: both the potential of a cell to adopt the trichome cell fate and an intricate signaling pathway determine the pattern of trichome initiation events. Several important new results suggest that trichome initiation and morphogenesis are redundantly regulated by both positive and negative factors. A testable model for the control of trichome initiation is presented.
Jack—Not Jill—Went up the Hill

Despite increasing efforts to recruit and retain women, gender bias persists in the sciences. The discrepancy between the number of women who move on to junior faculty positions after receiving Ph.D.s and the number of men who do so suggests that a bottleneck may exist at this stage. Moss-Racusin and colleagues have now examined whether subtle gender bias on the part of faculty may be actively impeding the advancement of female candidates. To address this question, the authors conducted a double-blind, randomized study to evaluate the preferences of 127 tenure-track faculty members in biology, chemistry, and physics at six unnamed, prestigious, research-intensive universities across the country. The faculty were asked to evaluate a candidate with an undergraduate degree for a scientific lab manager position. Faculty participants rated a standardized applicant who had been randomly assigned either a male or female name. Irrespective of their own gender, faculty participants rated the male applicant as more competent, hirable, and worthy of mentoring than the identical female applicant. The participants offered the male candidate a salary that was more than 10% higher than that offered to the identical female candidate ($30,238.10 versus $26,507.94; P 0.53). Thus, bias appears pervasive among faculty and is not limited to a certain demographic subgroup. Consonant with other studies, the authors noted that the faculty participants reported liking the female-gender-assigned candidate more than the identical male-gender-assigned candidate. Nevertheless, the increased likeability of the female candidate did not translate into positive perceptions of her competence nor concrete measures such as a job offer, equitable salary, or career mentoring. These findings raise substantial concerns about gender objectivity in candidate hiring by both female and male faculty in the sciences. Changes in university policy will be needed to ensure that gender blinding and objective transparent measures are actively implemented at the initial hiring stage by both male and female faculty. C. A. Moss-Racusin et al ., Science faculty's subtle gender biases favor male students. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A ., 17 September 2012 (10.1073/pnas.1211286109). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/09/14/1211286109.short
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate Utilization by Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) Nodules and Assessment of Its Role in Maintenance of Nitrogenase Activity

Soybean (Glycine max) nodule bacteroids contain high concentrations of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate and possess a depolymerase system that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the polymer. Changes in poly-β-hydroxybutyrate content and in activities of nitrogenase, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate lyase in nodule bacteroids were investigated under conditions in which the supply of carbohydrate from the soybean plants was interrupted. The poly-β-hydroxybutyrate content of bacteroids did not decrease appreciably until the carbohydrate supply from the host plants was limited by incubation of excised nodules, incubation of plants in the dark, or by senescence of the host plant. Isocitrate lyase activity in bacteroids was not detected until poly-β-hydroxybutyrate utilization appeared to begin. The presence of a supply of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in nodule bacteroids was not sufficient for maintenance of high nitrogenase activity under conditions of limited carbohydrate supply from the host plant. An unusually high activity of β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase was observed in bacteroid extracts but no significant change in the activity of this enzyme was observed as a result of apparent utilization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate by nodule bacteroids.
Enhancement of CCD film digitizer by adaptive calibration

An essential component that enables the progressive transition from the traditional film-based radiology to a filmless operation is the film digitizer. There are two kinds of film digitizers available on the market-laser scanners and CCD film digitizers. Their performances are compared in this paper. The operational characteristic, and thereby the performance, of a CCD digitizer is determined by a number of parameters. Adaptive calibration of these parameters is possible in order to fine-tune the CCD digitizer to better serve the application at hand. >
Defeaturing: A posteriori error analysis via feature sensitivity

It is well known that small geometric features within a CAD model can significantly impact the computational cost, and often undermine the reliability, of finite element analysis. Engineers therefore resort to defeaturing or detail removal, wherein the offending features are suppressed prior to computational analysis. However, this results in a defeaturing-induced analysis error. In this paper, we estimate this error in an a posteriori sense through the novel concept of feature sensitivity. The latter determines the first-order change in quantities of interest when an arbitrary cluster of small geometric features is deleted from a model. A formal theory and a set of associated algorithms are provided to compute the feature sensitivity associated with a scalar elliptic partial differential equation. The theory is supported through numerical experiments in 2-D, involving both internal and boundary features. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrelationships between Diet and Elevated Temperatures (Cyclic and Constant) on Concentrations of Progesterone, Estradiol-17β, and Testosterone in Blood Plasma of Laying Hens

Abstract In Trial 1, blood was collected from 120 hens after 12 weeks of exposure to an environment of either 21 C constant (21 Co), 31 C constant (31 Co) or 26.7 to 35.6 C cyclic (31 Cy). Relative humidity was 50% in all environments. Subgroups of 20 hens in each environment were fed either a typical corn-soy laying diet or a “High Nutrient Density” diet (HND) which contained an additional 25% of all nutrients except energy which was increased 10%. In Trial 2, one week after Trial 1, blood was collected four times at 2-hr intervals from 35 hens divided among two diets and two environments (21 Co and 31 Cy). Progesterone and estradiol-17β were measured in blood plasma from both trials by radioimmunoassay (RIA) after initial extraction with diethyl ether. Testosterone was measured by RIA in Trial 1 after isolation from progesterone and other steroids by column chromatography. Concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17β, and testosterone across environments were higher in the hens fed HND. Across diets these steroids were elevated at 31 Co as compared to 21 Co. The 31 Cy environment was intermediate. In Trial 2, environment was a more important variable than diet and it affected primarily hens that ovulated during the day of sampling rather than anovulatory hens. In ovulatory hens, progesterone was about three-fold higher in 31 Cy than in 21 Co and estradiol also was elevated at each of five periods prior to ovulation (from >6.5 hr to
A Preliminary Study of the Pollination Ecology of Pedicularis (Scrophulariaceae) in Japan

An introductory study of the pollination ecology of six Japanese species of Pedicularis conducted in 1982 and 1983 indicated a close parallel between characteristics of floral mechanisms in Japan and those previously investigated in North America. Floral color, floral form, total dissolved solids in floral nectar, and polinator behavior on flowers of Japanese species are similar to those of North American species. Blooming phenology of Japanese species also corresponds to the North American sequence of long-tongued, nectar-foraging queen bumblebees (Bombus Latr.) pollinating nectariferous, earlier-blooming species nototribically and short-tongued, pollen-foraging workers pollinating nectarless, rostrate flowers of later-blooming ones sternotribically. Electrofocus analysis of peroxidase systems in two Japanese species indicated considerable intrapopulational heterozygosity. Nectar component analysis of two transboreal species indicated intraspecific differences in kinds of sugars between widely disjunct Japanese and North American populations. A tentative conclusion is that the Japanese and North American Pedicularis floras have evolved in a parallel manner from Himalayan migrants, while their transboreal elements are in process of vicariant diversification.
Hardware Compilation from Machine Code with M2V

Hardware compilation flows use a high-level language like C++ or Java and translate it directly to an HDL. In this paper we propose to split the problem in two; first use a regular compiler to do the front-end processing, then use the generated machine code to produce the HDL. The MIPS-to-Verilog (M2V) compiler translates blocks of MIPS machine code into a hardware design represented in Verilog. M2V is a three-pass compiler that accepts as input basic blocks extracted from MIPS ELF images and emits synthesizable Verilog for the eMIPS dynamically extensible processor. The compiler was implemented from scratch in C++. The quality of the synthesizable Verilog output compares favorably with hand-generated code for the same input.
Linking the prevention of problem behaviors and positive youth development: core competencies for positive youth development and risk prevention.

In this chapter, we present a brief review of the developmental literature linking healthy adjustment to five core competencies: (1) positive sense of self, (2) selfcontrol, (3) decision-making skills, (4) a moral system of belief, and (5) prosocial connectedness. A central premise of this chapter and the rest of the volume is that promoting mastery of social and emotional core competencies provides a connection between positive youth development and risk prevention programming. In subsequent chapters, empirical evidence linking these core competencies with prevention of specific risk behaviors is reviewed, and examples of integrated promotion and prevention efforts in the United States and internationally are discussed. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward a system of checks and balances for electronic voting machines

The shift to direct recording electronic machines that has been fueled by the Help America Vote Act of 2002 has raised some important concerns. Some question the security of the machines and the possibility of a manufacturer's political agenda affecting device integrity. Others are concerned with a lack of a paper trail in some jurisdictions for verification purposes during an electoral dispute. After an exploration of the evolution of voting machine technology and the pros and cons of electronic voting machines, the authors offer a system of checks and balances, using both a printed ticket --- including a barcode for checksum verification --- in combination with peripheral devices that can monitor a voting machine electronically, independent of the voting machine itself.
Psychosocial Function After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

The authors report on a prospective cohort study of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The purpose was to evaluate the progression of quality of life and mood, as well as patterns of alcohol consumption, a behavior with potential adverse health consequences. Of the 84 subjects who completed serial measures and other interviews at admission for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and 6-month follow-up, 75 provided data 12 months later. The main findings of this study were that quality of life improves, measures of depressive symptoms decline, and patients drink less alcohol overall. Time was the most important variable accounting for these changes.
The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics

The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics. Tony Bennett. London and New York: Routledge, 1995. x + 278 pp.; 26 illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $19.95 (paper).
Mothers', fathers', and preschool children's interactive behaviors in a play setting

Summary The frequency of 23 types of interactive behaviors mothers, fathers, and preschool-age children displayed during a 10-minute structured play session were explored. The influence of the child's sex on mothers' and fathers' behavior was also examined. In addition, the toy preference of mothers and fathers and the amount of time parents and children spent playing with physical, social, and intellectual toys were examined. The Ss were 29 mother-child and father-child pairs which included 16 boys and 13 girls. The mean ages were 4 years, 7 months for the children; 31 years for the mothers; and 33 years for the fathers. Fathers controlled and directed their children more than did mothers, and mothers were more quiet than fathers during play with their children. Children controlled and directed their fathers more than their mothers and engaged in more lead taking with their fathers than with their mothers. Mothers were more quiet during play with boys than were fathers, while fathers controlled and direc...
A computational method for clinically relevant cancer stratification and driver mutation module discovery using personal genomics profiles

Personalized genomics instability, e.g., somatic mutations, is believed to contribute to the heterogeneous drug responses in patient cohorts. However, it is difficult to discover personalized driver mutations that are predictive of drug sensitivity owing to diverse and complex mutations of individual patients. To circumvent this problem, a novel computational method is presented to discover potential drug sensitivity relevant cancer subtypes and identify driver mutation modules of individual subtypes by coupling differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based subtyping analysis with the driver mutation network analysis. The proposed method was applied to breast cancer and lung cancer samples available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cancer subtypes were uncovered with significantly different survival rates, and more interestingly, distinct driver mutation modules were also discovered among different subtypes, indicating the potential mechanism of heterogeneous drug sensitivity. The research findings can be used to help guide the repurposing of known drugs and their combinations in order to target these dysfunctional modules and their downstream signaling effectively for achieving personalized or precision medicine treatment.
A study of the delineation of geographic markets for business loans

s of Doctoral Dissertations 793 of $50,000.4 Third, the geographic extent of the market is found to vary widely from city to city. Hence, it would be inappropriate to employ blanket definitions, such as city or SMSA, to delineate geographic markets. Finally, the analysis indicates that although the preponderance of loans is locally limited, the greater dollar volume of business is transacted in the national market. In 1955, the "regional" or semi-national groups accounted for at most 4 per cent of the number and 18 to 20 per cent of the dollar volume of loans. 4. Because of the broad geographic extents, however, it was not clear that it would be practicable to distinguish between the "regional" and national transactions. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.78 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 06:16:48 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Foreword to Global Legal Practice Symposium

This Foreword introduces the 2004 Global Legal Practice Symposium of the Penn State International Law Review; this Symposium published papers from the Global Forum on International Legal Ethics and Risk Management Legal Practice that was jointly sponsored by the Association of Professional Responsibility Lawyers (APRL) and the University of Oxford in Florence, Italy in October 2002. The conference brought together some of the world's leading policy makers and opinion-leaders on issues related to international legal practice. This Foreword places in context the articles written by Robert Anello, Wayne Carroll, Jonathan Goldsmith, Mark Harrison and Mary Gray Davidson, Hans-Jurgen Hellwig, Steven Mark and Georgina Cowdroy, and this author. The articles in the Global Legal Practice Symposium include: Sarbanes-Oxley's Wake Up Call to Attorneys; Liberalization of National Legal Admissions Requirements in the European Union: Lessons and Implications; Global Legal Practice and GATS: A Bar Viewpoint; The Ethical Implications of Partnerships and Other Associations Involving American and Foreign Lawyers; Challenges to the Legal Profession in Europe (addressing the impact on lawyers of the proposed European Union Directive on Services in the Internal Market and the European Union's Competition in Professions Services report); Incorporated Legal Practices - A New Era in the Provision of Legal Services in the State of New South Wales and Lawyers, GATS, and the WTO Accountancy Disciplines: The History of the WTO's Consultation, the IBA GATS Forum and the September 2003 IBA Resolutions.
‘Placing a Stumbling Block Before the Blind Person’: An In-Depth Analysis

The biblical prohibition against “placing a stumbling block before a blind person” mentioned in Leviticus (19:14) is interpreted metaphorically with “blind” representing any person or group that is unaware, unsuspecting, ignorant, or morally blind. Individuals are prohibited from taking advantage of them in any way or tempting them to do wrong. Modern applications from advertising to auditing to investments are provided.
IMAGES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. Achalasia with Megaesophagus.

A 63-year-old man with a history of hypothyroidism presented with a 10-year history of dysphagia to solid foods and liquids. He had had worsening of his symptoms for 6 months before presentation, with an associated weight loss of 27 kg.
Children and genetically engineered food: potentials and problems.

ABSTRACTChanges in food production and dietary practices are occurring faster than our understanding of their potential impact on children's health. Traditionally, pediatric gastroenterologists have studied food with respect to its nutritive value and digestibility, its influence on metabolism, its
Bianisotropic Metasurfaces for Optimal Polarization Control: Analysis and Synthesis

Two-dimensional metamaterials (metasurfaces) are desirable for their ability to modify electromagnetic fields--for example, producing perfect absorbers for stealth technologies. Metasurfaces reported to date, however, have demonstrated only limited control over the polarization and phase of these fields. In this work, the authors incorporate metamaterial anisotropy and chirality into calculations to derive simple, general, closed-form expressions relating constituent parameters of an arbitrary bianisotropic metasurface to its reflection and transmission behaviors.
Estimation of heritability and genetic advance for various metric traits in seven F2 populations of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Heritability estimates provide information about the traits that are transmitted from parents to their offsprings and it has a crucial role in selection criteria to improve grain yield. The purpose of the present study was to compute heritability and genetic advance of seven F2 populations derived through cross combinations of five parental varieties/lines of bread wheat Iqbal-2000, Lasani- 2008, 9444, 9432 and 9436. Data were recorded for seven metric traits: plant height, days to heading, flag leaf area, peduncle length, number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike and grain yield per plant. The estimates of heritability were low to high for all the traits studied except for kernel weight per spike which had a moderate to high value of heritability. Results depict that all the mentioned traits can be enhanced easily due to high values of heritability and phenotypic variations. The cross combinations 9436 × Iqbal-2000 and 9436 × Lasani-2008 had high heritability for most of the traits. Therefore, selection could be practiced among wheat crosses with special emphasis on crosses, namely 9436 × Iqbal-2000, to improve grain yield per plant.
A Review of 120 Cases with Laryngectomy for Laryngeal Carcinoma

Objective:To assess the efficacy of the laryngectomy for laryngeal carcinoma.Methods:120 cases of laryngeal carcinoma were treated in this department from 1995 to 2003.The laryngeal defects after partial laryngectomy were reconstructed with bi-pedicle muscle flap,epiglottic flap plus bi-pedicle muscle flap,or hyoid osteo-muscular flap.Among them,neck dissection was performed in 36 patients with cervical lymph node metastases.Results:All the cases began to take food through mouth 10 to 15 days after operation.The decannulation rate was 74.17%.The wound infection occurred in 21 cases,and pharyngo-cutaneous fistulae in 5 cases.The 3 and 5 year survival rates were 75.00% and 67.50% respectively.The survival rates of patients with cervical lymph nodes metastases were lower than those without lymph nodes metastases;the survival rates of patients with postoperative radiotherapy were higher than those without postoperative radiotherapy(P0.05).Conclusion:The procedures of partial laryngectomy and reconstruction should be chosen according to the location of laryngeal carcinoma and extension involved.The corresponding reconstruction of laryngeal functions can improve the survival rate and quality of life of the patients.
Characterizing and Understanding Cloud Ice and Radiation Budget Biases in Global Climate Models and Reanalysis

AbstractThe authors present an observationally based evaluation of the vertically resolved cloud ice water content (CIWC) and vertically integrated cloud ice water path (CIWP) as well as radiative shortwave flux downward at the surface (RSDS), reflected shortwave (RSUT), and radiative longwave flux upward at top of atmosphere (RLUT) of present-day global climate models (GCMs), notably twentieth-century simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and compare these results to those of the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and two recent reanalyses. Three different CloudSat and/or Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) combined ice water products and two methods are used to remove the contribution from the convective core ice mass and/or precipitating cloud hydrometeors with variable sizes and falling speeds so that a robust observational estimate can be obtained for model evaluations.The results s...
Synthetic advances inspired by the bioactive dinitrosyl iron unit.

ConspectusResulting from biochemical iron–NO interactions, dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) are small organometallic-like molecules, considered to serve as vehicles for NO transport and storage in vivo. Formed by the interaction of NO with cellular iron sulfur clusters or with the cellular labile iron pool, DNICs have been documented to be the largest NO-derived adduct in cells, even surpassing the well-known nitrosothiols (RSNOs). Continuing efforts in biological chemistry are aimed at understanding the movement of DNICs in and out of cells, and their important role in NO-induced iron efflux leading to apoptosis in cells.Intrigued by the integrity of the unique dinitrosyl iron unit (DNIU) and the possibility of roles for it in human physiology or medicinal applications, the understanding of fundamental properties such as ligand effects on its ability to switch between two redox levels has been pursued through biomimetic complexes. Using metallodithiolates and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as ligands to...
TU-A-BRB-03: Panel Member

Brain stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) are commonly treated by a multidisciplinary team of neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical physicists. However the treatment objectives, constraints, and technical considerations involved can be quite different between the two techniques. In this interactive session an expert panel of speakers will present clinical brain SRS and spine SBRT cases in order to demonstrate real-world considerations for ensuring safe and accurate treatment delivery and to highlight the significant differences in approach for each treatment site. The session will include discussion of topic such as clinical indications, immobilization, target definition, normal tissue tolerance limits, and beam arrangements. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand the differences in indications and dose/fractionation strategies for intracranial SRS and spine SBRT. 2.Describe the different treatment modalities which can be used to deliver intracranial SRS and spine SBRT. 3.Cite the major differences in treatment setup and delivery principles between intracranial and spine treatments. 4.Identify key critical structures and clinical dosimetric tolerance levels for spine SBRT and intracranial SRS. 5.Understand areas of ongoing work to standardize intracranial SRS and spine SBRT procedures. Schlesinger: Research support: Elekta Instruments, AB; D. Schlesinger, Elekta Instruments, AB - research support; B. Winey, No relevant external funding for this subject.
18th Titanium Association Conference And Exhibition

(2003). 18th Titanium Association Conference And Exhibition. Materials Technology: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 106-112.