cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The school principal as advocate for the child with learning differences

As a fledgling administrator in a private college preparatory school, several years ago, I was bewildered when I found students there who seemed to be very bright but unable to demonstrate their ability in ways which one would normally expect. I expecially remember the boy who could hold a social studies class spellbound with his anecdotal knowledge butwho could not write on paper coherently. This boy, incidentally, is now a sophomore at an excellent midwestern college. Similar experiences have caused me to consider the role the school principal should play in develop ing an encouraging school climate for such children. Programs, without appropriate and humane attitudes, cannot be truly successful. It is in this aspect that the principal can make a contribution and, I have come to believe, should make the effort to do so. When we make adjustments for children with academic difficulties, teachers in schools such as mine worry about the decline of standards, the reputation of the school in the community, and the problem of dealing equably with all students. In other words, if programs have to be modified, if we are admitting students with learning disabilities, if we are making adjustments for a few, will we not be seen as denigrators of traditional stan dards—a school for problem children and unfair in our dealings with the majority of the students? For example, a teacher who establishes a criter ion for meeting deadlines (perhaps reducing a grade when work is not handed in on time) will have difficulty in justifying a different standard for a few students. The principal who supports the rights of individual learners in such situations will assume a role of paramount importance, one that
Network-based model weighting to detect multiple loci influencing complex diseases

For genome-wide association studies, it has been increasingly recognized that the popular locus-by-locus search for DNA variants associated with disease susceptibility may not be effective, especially when there are interactions between or among multiple loci, for which a multi-loci search strategy may be more productive. However, even if computationally feasible, a genome-wide search over all possible multiple loci requires exploring a huge model space and making costly adjustment for multiple testing, leading to reduced statistical power. On the other hand, there are accumulating data suggesting that protein products of many disease-causing genes tend to interact with each other, or cluster in the same biological pathway. To incorporate this prior knowledge and existing data on gene networks, we propose a gene network-based method to improve statistical power over that of the exhaustive search by giving higher weights to models involving genes nearby in a network. We use simulated data under realistic scenarios, including a large-scale human protein–protein interaction network and 23 known ataxia-causing genes, to demonstrate potential gain by our proposed method when disease-genes are clustered in a network.
SU‐FF‐T‐193: Dosimetric Study and In‐Vivo Dose Verification for Conformal Avoidance Helical Tomotherapy of Anal Adenocarcinoma

Purpose: Recent studies have shown that for patients with anal canal malignancies, conformal avoidance intensity‐modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) could provide better dose homogeneity and sparing of organs‐at‐risk (OARs) than conventional 3‐D radiotherapy techniques. As a new IMRT technique, helical tomotherapy could achieve better dose modulation, and was expected to deliver adequate dose to surface lesion using tangential beams. This study aims to have dosimetric comparison between conformal avoidance helical tomoterapy plans and step‐and‐shoot IMRT plans for patients of anal adenocarcinoma, and to test the efficacy of helical tomotherapy for skindose delivery. Method and Materials: We retrospectively generated conformal avoidance step‐and‐shoot IMRT (sIMRT) plans and helical tomotherapy plans for two anal cancer patients, one male and one female, with PTV volume being 5,622 cm3 and 5,280 cm3, respectively. The CORVUS Treatment Planning System was used to generate 7‐field sIMRT plans. Helical tomotherapy plans used a jaw width of 2.5 cm. In‐vivo skindose measurements were performed using diodes placed on surface lesion and skin of external genitalia during conformal avoidance helical tomotherapy treatments of a recent anal cancer patient. Results: Compared to the sIMRT plans, the helical tomotherapy plans showed significant improvement of dose homogeneity for the PTVs, sharper dose drop‐off outside the PTVs, and significantly less radiation to femoral heads and external genitalia in terms of maximum dose and average dose. In‐vivo dose measurements showed adequate dose delivery to the surface lesion, and verified reduction of radiation to the skin of external genitalia. The maximum deviation of diode measurement from plan dose is 5.5%. Conclusion: Helical tomotherapy plans showed better dose homogeneity and conformity to the PTV and better sparing of OARs in conformal avoidance treatments of anal cancer compared to sIMRT plans. In‐vivo dose measurements confirmed the ability of helical tomotherapy for adequate skin irradiation.
Terms in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology: 2. Perinatal terms

This is the second of a two part glossary of terms used in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology. The purpose is to provide a reference for terms that are widely (if not always consistently) used in this field. While a glossary cannot resolve all these problems, it provides a point of reference for understanding them. Part 1 covered terms relevant mostly to events and conditions before birth. Part 2 emphasises terms used during the time around and after birth.
Evaluation of 3 commercially available materials for resolution of white spot lesions

Introduction White spot lesions are often seen on the teeth after orthodontic treatment, resulting in unpleasant esthetics. The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare subjectively and objectively the esthetic outcomes of white spot lesions treated with 3 commercially available products that have been reported to have a positive effect on the remineralization of enamel. Methods Forty extracted premolars were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 groups (n = 10). The teeth were exposed to a demineralization solution at 37°C for 14 days to produce white spot lesions that were about 100 μm deep. Each group was then randomly assigned to receive either control treatment with artificial saliva or treatment with 1 of the 3 commercially available products: Restore toothpaste (Dr. Collins Inc, Orange County, Calif), which contains NovaMin (Dr. Collins Inc); Prevident 5000 (Colgate, New York, NY); and MI Paste Plus (GC America, Alsip, Ill). All groups were evaluated 5 times at 6 time points during the study. Results The subjective and objective results were mixed within groups and between groups for the products tested. Conclusions We found no conclusive evidence that any of these 3 materials produced more favorable esthetic white spot lesion remineralization results.
Inhibitory effect of triethyltin on taurine transport by glioma cells.

The effects of triethyltin (TET) on the transport of taurine, glutamate, lysine, Na+, K+ (using 86Rb+ as tracer), and Cl− by LRM55 glioma cells were examined. Taurine transport was inhibited by TET at much lower concentrations (IC50 = 2.5 μM) than either glutamate or lysine transport (135 and 110 μM, respectively). TET had no significant effect on Na+, Cl−, or 86Rb+ influx at the low concentrations sufficient to inhibit taurine transport, but it enhanced Na+ and Cl− uptake at concentrations > 100 μM. The failure of low concentrations (≤10 μM) of TET to affect ion transport indicated that inhibition of taurine transport was not secondary to effects of TET on ion movements or gradients. This conclusion was supported by the observation that neither ouabain nor furosemide, which do affect ion movement and gradients, strongly inhibited taurine transport. Uncouplers and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (cyanide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone) also had only small effects on taurine transport, suggesting that inhibition by TET was not secondary to possible effects on oxidative phosphorylation. TET had no effect on the efflux of taurine from LRM55 cells at the low concentrations that inhibit uptake, but it induced a nonspecific increase in membrane permeability at much higher concentrations (> 100 μM). Tri-n-propyltin and tri-n-butyltin were also potent inhibitors of taurine transport (IC50 = 2.3 and 11 μM, respectively), but trimethyltin was much less potent (144 μM).
Rapid and Persistent Adaptability of Human Oculomotor Control in Response to Simulated Central Vision Loss

Summary The central region of the human retina, the fovea, provides high-acuity vision. The oculomotor system continually brings targets of interest into the fovea via ballistic eye movements (saccades). Thus, the fovea serves both as the locus for fixations and as the oculomotor reference for saccades. This highly automated process of foveation is functionally critical to vision and is observed from infancy [1, 2]. How would the oculomotor system adjust to a loss of foveal vision (central scotoma)? Clinical observations of patients with central vision loss [3, 4] suggest a lengthy adjustment period [5], but the nature and dynamics of this adjustment remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the oculomotor system can spontaneously and rapidly adopt a peripheral locus for fixation and can rereference saccades to this locus in normally sighted individuals whose central vision is blocked by an artificial scotoma. Once developed, the fixation locus is retained over weeks in the absence of the simulated scotoma. Our data reveal a basic guiding principle of the oculomotor system that prefers control simplicity over optimality. We demonstrate the importance of a visible scotoma on the speed of the adjustment and suggest a possible rehabilitation regimen for patients with central vision loss.
Evolution of sculptured thin films

Sculptured thin films (STFs) are columnar thin films in which the growth direction is altered instantaneously by variations in the vapor incidence angle. By fixing the orientation of the substrate-surface to a glancing angle (approximately 1-30° from the substrate plane) where atomic self-shadowing effects are enhanced, and then rotating around the plane normal, it is possible to engineer a wide range of STF nanostructural shapes which have been classified generally as thin film helicoidal bianisotropic mediums (TFHBMs). If the column size remains constant with increasing film thickness (i.e. matchstick morphology), then the TFHBMs will have constant density with evolution, and existing theories can describe their optical behavior. Furthermore, many practical applications will require constancy with evolution. In this paper we show that essentially constant column size (widths are typically 10 - 100 nm) is obtained for simple motions of the substrate for TFHBM growth, whereas more complex motions involving rapid and abrupt changes in the angular velocity result in column size increases with evolutionary development (widths up to 200 - 500 nm for film thicknesses of 2 - 4μm). As the column sizes approach optical wavelengths, the assumption that the STF is a rotationally non-homogeneous continuum is invalid and will lead to complicated optical behavior and modeling. A classification scheme is proposed to understand the underlying mechanisms for column expansion, and it is based upon the deposition parameters of column growth rate in the column direction, angular rotation rate, and the vapor incidence angle, and their combined effects on the anisotropy of the atomic self-shadowing process. Approaches to controlling and possibly eliminating this column expansion are discussed and include ion bombardment during growth and its effects on the shadowing processes.
DNA modification by chemical carcinogens

The chemistry and molecular biology of DNA adducts is only one part of the carcinogenic process. Many other factors will determine whether a particular chemical will exert a carcinogenic effect. For example, the size of particles upon which a carcinogenic may be adsorbed will influence whether or not, and if so where, deposition within the lung will occur. The simultaneous exposure to several different agents may enhance or inhibit the metabolism of a chemical to its ultimate carcinogenic form (Rice et al., 1984; Smolarek and Baird, 1984). The ultimate carcinogenic metabolites may be influenced in their ability to react with DNA by a number of factors such as internal levels of detoxifying enzymes, the presence of other metabolic intermediates such as glutathione with which they could react either enzymatically or non-enzymatically, and the state of DNA which is probably most heavily influenced by whether or not the cell is undergoing replication or particular sequences being expressed. Replicating forks have been shown to be more extensively modified than other areas of DNA. Another critical factor which can influence the final outcome of the DNA damage is whether or not the modifications can be repaired. If this occurs with high fidelity and the cell has not previously undergone replication then the effect of the damage by the carcinogen is likely to be minimal. The major area in which progress is needed is an understanding of what this damage really does to the cell such that after an additional period of time, which may be as long as twenty or more years, these prior events are expressed and cell proliferation occurs. Clearly additional stimulatory factors, for example tumor promoting agents such as the phorbol esters or phenobarbital, are often needed. After such prolonged periods it seems likely that the DNA adducts would no longer be present. However, the way in which their earlier presence is remembered is not clear. Simple mutations do not explain all the characteristics of tumor progression and, when it occurs, regression. Even if a specific site mutation does occur then its expression must be under other types of control. Any explanation of the action of DNA modification at the molecular level also requires that account be taken of the diverse nature of the DNA adducts from simple modifications such as methylation to bulkier adducts such as benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin or aromatic amines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Metabolism of N15 labeled uric acid in Down's syndrome.

Studies using N15 labeled uric acid failed to detect any evidence of a major alteration in the rate of uric acid synthesis in two subjects with Down's syndrome (591 and 530 mg.24 hr.) compared with two other retardates (523 and 763 mg.24 hr.). Therefore, it was postulated that the increased blood uric acid levels observed in Down's syndrome result from decreased efficiency of uric acid excretion rather than increased synthesis.
Nanostructured polymer blends: Synthesis and structure

Nanostructured polymer blends prepared via anionic ring opening polymerizations of cyclic monomers in the presence of a pre-made polymer melt exhibit a number of special properties over traditional polymer blends and homopolymers. Here, we report on a simple and versatile method of in situ polymerization of macrocyclic carbonates in the presence of a maleic anhydride polypropylene (mPP) matrix and a surface-active compatibilizer (i.e. PC grafted onto a mPP backbone generated in situ) to yield a micro- and nanostructured polymer blends consisting of a polycarbonate (PC) minor phase, and a polypropylene (PP) major phase. By varying the processing conditions and concentration of the macrocyclic carbonate it was possible to reduce the size of the PC dispersions to an average minor diameter of 150 nm. NMR and TEM characterizations indicate that the PC dispersions do not influence crystal content in the PP phase. Overall, the results point to a simple strategy and versatile route to new polymeric materials with enhanced benefits.
Substantive and Associative Claims in Environmental Communication: A Study of Fortune 500 Websites

Corporations have increasingly used their websites to communicate their environmental policies with their stakeholders. Their claims fall into two categories: substantive claims, which include product- or process-related claims, and associative claims, which are not directly related to a firm's products or its processes. This paper aims to explore the use of these two types of claims on Fortune 500 websites. The findings indicate that both types of claims are used, although there are more substantive claims than associative claims. Both types of claims are positively correlated with firm sales. Implications of the research are also discussed.
Radiation and five-dimensional cosmology

Abstract We investigate the cosmological character of five-dimensional (Kaluza-Klein type) solutions of the Einstein equations. We show that the vacuum solutions of these equations give rise to an effective radiation density connected with the existence of the extra dimension. We examine the connection between this case and the solutions obtained by assuming a five-dimensional radiation source.
When Losing Means Winning: The Impact of Conflict in a Digital Game on Young Adults' Intentions to Get Protected from Cancer.

Abstract Objectives: Despite the improved survival rate for patients with cancer in the United States, there is a need for successful intervention programs that can raise awareness about cancer risks among healthy young adults. This research experimentally examines how conflict in a digital game called “Re-Mission™” (HopeLab, Redwood City, CA) may influence young adults' perception of cancer risk, their motivation to get protected from cancer, and their intention to seek cancer-related information from their doctors. Subjects and Methods: “Re-Mission” is a game in which players control a nanorobot that goes inside patients' virtual bodies to fight cancer cells. Two days after completing a baseline survey, participants (n=48) played “Re-Mission” at either low or high conflict (i.e., low or high level of obstacles and challenges in the game). Then, participants completed a post-experience survey. Results: Participants in the high conflict condition experienced an increase in perceived susceptibility to and ...
Thyroid stimulating hormone increases iodine uptake by thyroid cancer cells during BRAF silencing

BACKGROUND The BRAFV600E mutation is present in 62% of radioactive iodine resistant (RAIR) thyroid tumors and is associated with down-regulation of the sodium-iodide-symporter (NIS) and TSH-receptor (TSHr). We sought to evaluate the combined effect of BRAF inhibition and TSH supplementation on 131I uptake of BRAFV600E-mutant human thyroid cancer cells.
Learning sets for simple concept identification and reversal shifts

Age differences in learning sets for simple identification tasks and reversal tasks were studied. Three different problems, each consisting of the initial task (IT) followed by the reversal task (RT) were presented to kindergartners and first graders. Half of the subjects received one order of presentation of the specific problems and the other half received a different order. There was a decrease in number of trials to criterion over successive problems, thus indicating a learning set. Kindergartners did more poorly on RT than IT, and first graders did more poorly on IT than RT. For the first graders, the learning set was independent of order of presentation but for the kindergartners learning set was present only with one order. These results were interpreted as reflecting age differences in the elicitation of common mediators.
Note on the stability of principal bundles

We compare various notions of stability for principal bundles, and show that over a compact Riemann surface of genus greater than 2, there exist principal SL(2)-bundles that are Ad-stable.
In vitro root culture: a novel approach to study the obligate parasite Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze

Abstract We report the development of a novel approach to study haustorial formation in Striga asiatica based upon in vitro root culture. Previous studies have used intact radicles of Striga seedlings. The potential advantages of our root culture system over the use of radicles are that more plant material is available for biochemical and molecular genetic analysis and possible confounding effects of other contaminating organisms are eliminated. Striga roots cultured in a Gamborg B5 salts medium containing indole-3-acetic acid (22.8 μM) increased in size and proliferated lateral roots. We demonstrate that cultured lateral roots are capable of haustorial formation within 24 h of treatment with a haustorial initiation factor 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ). Cultured root tips developed haustoria when in contact with a solid medium that contained 2,6-DMBQ. The solidity of the medium was observed to influence the extent of haustorial development. Haustoria formed on cultured roots appeared morphologically similar to those formed by Striga radicles within a similar time period and were 5–10 fold larger. We also show that root cultures can be used as an explant source for regeneration studies. Callus, derived from root culture explants, was induced to form either shoots or roots. The optimal concentrations of the growth regulators N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenine and indole-3-acetic acid for shoot formation were 49 μM and 2.85 μM, respectively, whereas the best root regeneration medium contained 5.4 μM 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 8.8 μM 6-benzylaminopurine.
A natural logic of speech and speech-like acts with developmental implications

This paper presents the beginnings of a unified categorization system for speech and speech like acts. Hierarchical relationships among categories are taken into account in the context of a model specifying the components of speech and speech-like acts. A metric whereby hierarchically related speech acts can be judged for relative complexity is provided. Since more complex acts are predicted to occur later in development than less complex ones, the framework may provide the basis for predictions about the order of appearance of different speech acts in language acquisition. Preliminary evidence of the sensitivity of the system to differences in levels of language skill is provided from a study comparing language use styles in a group of young normal and older retarded children. Results show that in spite of overall similarities in MLU and syntactico-semantic category usage, the nor mal children used relatively more complex categories of speech acts.
Dichlorvos : methods of dispensing, estimates of concentration in air, and toxicity to stored-product insects.

Dichlorvos was introduced into 42.5-m3 chambers as an aerosol or in the vapor phase. Aerosols were dispensed by pressurized cans or by a Devilbiss sprayer using air to atomize the formulation. A specially designed cartridge dispenser and static dispensers were used to introduce the insecticide in the vapor phase. Only the static dispensers gave relatively constant concentrations of the insecticide in the air. Various stored-product insects were exposed to dichlorvos, with emphasis given to bioassays with the adult of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin duVal, the adult of the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), and the larva of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.). Dichlorvos concentrations of 4.0, 2.7, and 1.9 µg/liter killed 95% of the confused flour beetles after exposures of 4, 8, and 12 hr, respectively. Data on the cigarette beetle and black carpet beetle were not sufficient for establishing statistically the concentration × time relationships. Cigarette beetle mortality exceeded 80% within a limited range of concentrations and exposures. Dichlorvos produced a delayed mortality action for black carpet beetle larvae, as indicated by 26% mortality within 2 weeks after a 24-hr exposure to a dichlorvos concentration of 16 µg/liter, and 87% mortality within 16 weeks after a 24-hr exposure to a dichlorvos concentration of 4.3 µg/liter.
The Contribution of Deficits in Emotional Clarity to Stress Responses and Depression.

This research investigated the contribution of deficits in emotional clarity to children's socioemotional adjustment. Specifically, this study examined the proposal that deficits in emotional clarity are associated with maladaptive interpersonal stress responses, and that maladaptive interpersonal stress responses act as a mechanism linking deficits in emotional clarity to childhood depressive symptoms. Participants included 345 3rd graders (M age = 8.89, SD = .34) assessed at two waves, approximately one year apart; youth completed self-report measures of emotional clarity, responses to interpersonal stress, and depressive symptoms. Results supported the hypothesized process model linking deficits in emotional clarity, maladaptive interpersonal stress responses, and depressive symptoms, adjusting for prior depressive symptoms. Findings have implications for theories of emotional competence and for depression-intervention efforts aimed at fostering emotional understanding and adaptive interpersonal stress responses.
Forecasting Spatiotemporal Impact of Traffic Incidents on Road Networks

The advances in sensor technologies enable real-time collection of high-fidelity spatiotemporal data on transportation networks of major cities. In this paper, using two real-world transportation datasets: 1) incident data and 2) traffic data, we address the problem of predicting and quantifying the impact of traffic incidents. Traffic incidents include any non-recurring events on road networks, including accidents, weather hazard, road construction or work zone closures. By analyzing archived incident data, we classify incidents based on their features (e.g., time, location, type of incident). Subsequently, we model the impact of each incident class on its surrounding traffic by analyzing the archived traffic data at the time and location of the incidents. Consequently, in real-time, if we observe a similar incident (from real-time incident data), we can predict and quantify its impact on the surrounding traffic using our developed models. This information, in turn, can help drivers to effectively avoid impacted areas in real-time. To be useful for such real-time navigation application, and unlike current approaches, we study the dynamic behavior of incidents and model the impact as a quantitative time varying spatial span. In addition to utilizing incident features, we improve our classification approach further by analyzing traffic density around the incident area and the initial behavior of the incident. We evaluated our approach with very large traffic and incident datasets collected from the road networks of Los Angeles County and the results show that we can improve our baseline approach, which solely relies on incident features, by up to 45%.
Adsorptive endocytosis of vitellogenin, lipophorin, and microvitellogenin during yolk formation in Hyalophora

Yolk in Hyalophora cecropia is a mixture of proteins that are derived from the extracellular medium. We have measured for five of these proteins the number of moles deposited in each egg, the molarity of their precursors in the hemolymph at a midpoint in vitellogenesis (day 18 of adult development), and the degree to which they are concentrated by the oocyte, relative to inulin. The proteins were isolated by gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography and used to generate antibodies in rabbits. Preliminary studies established that yolk proteins are essentially quantitatively extractable in media suitable for measuring antigen concentrations by precipitation with antibodies and that yolk and hemolymph forms of the five proteins have, effectively, the same antibody-binding specificities as the isolated standards. Content per egg was about 900 pmol for vitellogenin, 600 pmol for microvitellogenin, and 300 pmol for lipophorin. By contrast, two hemolymph storage hexamers, arylphorin and a flavoprotein, occurred at less than 3 pmol per egg. In principle, yolk precursors are taken in both as solutes in the fluid phase of the endocytotic vesicles and as ligands adsorbed to vesicle membranes. Measurements of inulin uptake indicated that fluid phase endocytosis could account for only 4% of vitellogenin, 1% of microvitellogenin, and 15% of lipophorin in the yolk, when hemolymph precursors are at their day 18 concentrations. By the same comparison, arylphorin and flavoprotein appear to be excluded from the yolk, relative to inulin.
A cost-effective polyphosphate-based metabolism fuels an all E. coli cell-free expression system.

A new cost-effective metabolism providing an ATP-regeneration system for cell-free protein synthesis is presented. Hexametaphosphate, a polyphosphate molecule, is used as phosphate donor together with maltodextrin, a polysaccharide used as carbon source to stimulate glycolysis. Remarkably, addition of enzymes is not required for this metabolism, which is carried out by endogenous catalysts present in the Escherichia coli crude extract. This new ATP regeneration system allows efficient recycling of inorganic phosphate, a strong inhibitor of protein synthesis. We show that up to 1.34–1.65 mg/mL of active reporter protein is synthesized in batch-mode reaction after 5 h of incubation. Unlike typical hybrid in vitro protein synthesis systems based on bacteriophage transcription, expression is carried out through E. coli promoters using only the endogenous transcription–translation molecular machineries provided by the extract. We demonstrate that traditional expensive energy regeneration systems, such as creatine phosphate, phosphoenolpyruvate or phosphoglycerate, can be replaced by a cost-effective metabolic scheme suitable for cell-free protein synthesis applications. Our work also shows that cell-free systems are useful platforms for metabolic engineering.
Applying the basics to improve the collection

Purpose – This article serves as a follow‐up to an article published in Collection Building (Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 129‐133) entitled, “Inventory: catalyst for collection development” which discussed the direct outcomes of an inventory project as they related to effective collection development in a curriculum materials center. This article aims to discuss significant outcomes of change and improvement in a collection based on the inventory outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Featuring a case study of the East Carolina University Joyner Library Teaching Resources Center, application of the shelf analysis data is used to develop a long‐range plan for implementing changes and improvements in the collection development process. Outcomes are discussed and explained.Findings – Through assessment, budgeting and collaborative collection development, successful outcomes were accomplished significantly improving and increasing services and resources for users.Originality/value – The results of an initial inventory ...
Estimated losses of plant biodiversity in the United States from historical N deposition (1985–2010)

Although nitrogen (N) deposition is a significant threat to herbaceous plant biodiversity worldwide, it is not a new stressor for many developed regions. Only recently has it become possible to estimate historical impacts nationally for the United States. We used 26 years (1985–2010) of deposition data, with ecosystem-specific functional responses from local field experiments and a national critical loads (CL) database, to generate scenario-based estimates of herbaceous species loss. Here we show that, in scenarios using the low end of the CL range, N deposition exceeded critical loads over 0.38, 6.5, 13.1, 88.6, and 222.1 million ha for the Mediterranean California, North American Desert, Northwestern Forested Mountains, Great Plains, and Eastern Forest ecoregions, respectively, with corresponding species losses ranging from <1% to 30%. When we ran scenarios assuming ecosystems were less sensitive (using a common CL of 10 kg·ha−1·yr−1, and the high end of the CL range) minimal losses were estimated. The large range in projected impacts among scenarios implies uncertainty as to whether current critical loads provide protection to terrestrial plant biodiversity nationally and urge greater research in refining critical loads for U.S. ecosystems.
Labor productivity and agribusiness.

Labor productivity growth in the agribusiness sector represents a mixture of strong and weak performance. While labor productivity growth on United States farms has been considerably above average for several decades, the record of performances of labor productivity in food retailing, transportation, food service, and selected food processing industries has been poor. Opportunities for both systems wide and firm level improvements in productivity are outlined. Improved productivity growth in the agribusiness sector of the United States economy can contribute to a lower inflation rate, improved competitiveness of American food and fiber producers, and an increase in the standard of living, among other benefits.
Public knowledge and attitudes regarding public health inspections of restaurants.

Background Foodborne diseases cause 76 million illnesses in the U.S. each year, and almost half of all money spent on food is spent in restaurants. Restaurant inspections are a critical public health intervention for the prevention of foodborne disease. Methods A telephone survey of randomly selected Tennessee residents aged ≥18 was performed. Data were collected on respondents' demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and expectations regarding restaurant inspections. Results Of 2000 respondents, 97% were aware that restaurants are inspected regularly by the health department. More than half of the respondents believed that inspections should be performed at least 12 times per year; only one third were aware that inspections currently occur only twice per year in Tennessee. More than one third of the respondents considered an inspection score of ≥90 acceptable for a restaurant at which they would eat; the mean score in Tennessee is 82. When presented with a variety of scenarios, an overwhelming number of respondents felt that public health responses to safety violations should be far more draconian than they actually are. Survey answers did not differ consistently based on respondents' race, gender, or history of having worked in a restaurant. Conclusions This study identified a number of public misconceptions and unrealistically high expectations of the public health restaurant-inspection system. It is important to improve consumers' understanding of inspection scores and the limitations of regulatory inspections, as well as the role of such inspections in disease prevention.
2D motility tracking of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 in growth phases using video microscopy

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a gram negative motile soil bacterium important in bioremediation and biotechnology. Thus, it is important to understand its motility characteristics as individuals and in populations. Population characteristics were determined using a modified Gompertz model. Video microscopy and imaging software were utilized to analyze two dimensional (2D) bacteria movement tracks to quantify individual bacteria behavior. It was determined that inoculum density increased the lag time as seeding densities decreased, and that the maximum specific growth rate decreased as seeding densities increased. Average bacterial velocity remained relatively similar throughout the exponential growth phase (~20.9 μm/s), while maximum velocities peak early in the exponential growth phase at a velocity of 51.2 μm/s. P. putida KT2440 also favors smaller turn angles indicating that they often continue in the same direction after a change in flagella rotation throughout the exponential growth phase.
Global “Disjunctive” and the “Sites” of Anthropology

When Arjun Appadurai's article "Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy" first appeared in 1990 it addressed a growing concern among anthropologists that our material was rapidly outrunning our methods. This anxiety was fueled by our own fieldwork experiences, and by the arguments of scholars in cultural studies, postcolonial theory, and even the more enlightened fringes of economics and political science, who saw themselves confronting a world characterized by diaspora, rootlessness, alienation, cultural pastiche, faux nostalgia-in a word, "disjuncture." Ten years on, there are new projects on every hand designed to engage these circumstances. Indeed,
Endothelin-1 exposure on postnatal day 7 alters expression of the endothelin B receptor and behavioral sensitivity to endothelin-1 on postnatal day 11.

Abstract Endothelin (ET)-1 is a chemical mediator released by the body at sites of injury and disease and is involved in various painful states. This study examined whether ET-1 exposure in the neonatal period alters subsequent ET-1 induced nociception and expression of the ETB receptor. ET-1 or saline was administered to postnatal day 7 rats. On postnatal day 11, ET-1 or saline was administered; a first exposure to ET-1 for one group, and a second exposure to ET-1 for another group. A statistically significant increase in ET-1 induced paw flinching was observed in postnatal day 11 male rats exposed to ET-1 for the second time as compared to male rats exposed to ET-1 for the first time. In contrast, a statistically significant decrease in ET-1 induced paw flinching was observed in postnatal day 11 female rats exposed to ET-1 for the second time as compared to female rats exposed to ET-1 for the first time. Furthermore, in males a positive correlation was found between ET-1 induced paw flinching on postnatal day 7 versus 11. In contrast, in females a negative correlation was found between ET-1 induced paw flinching on postnatal day 7 versus 11. Changes in behavioral sensitivity to ET-1 were accompanied by sex-specific ET-1 induced changes in expression of the ETB receptor on postnatal day 11 in the plantar hind paw with a statistically significant decrease and increase in ETB receptor expression in males and females, respectively. These findings suggest that ET-1 exposure in the neonatal period sex-specifically alters expression of the ETB receptor and behavioral sensitivity to ET-1 whereby males show sensitization and females show de-sensitization.
Pharmaceutical uses of carbopol 934.

Abstract This study indicates that a variety of materials can be suspended in Carbopolm solutions at varying pH values. In most instances, however, polyvalent metal ions are incompatible and are poorly suspended. Results of experiments on the emulsifying characteristics of Carbopol@ solutions are also recorded.
Growth of MnSb single crystals by pulling with a seed from nonstoichiometric molten solution

Abstract MnSb single crystals with different Mn to Sb ratios were grown by pulling with a seed from nonstoichiometric molten solution in a chamber pressurized with argon, hydrogen or their mixture. The effects of gas pressure on morphology of the grown crystal were investigated. The effects of pulling rate, composition of the melt, and chamber atmosphere on inclusions in the crystals were studied. Based on the crystal growth, metallographic examination and differential thermal analysis, the partial phase diagram in the vicinity of MnSb compound has been reestablished. The lattice parameters and Curie temperature of the compound as a function of the composition have been measured.
Dimension of the Torelli group for Out(Fn)

Let $\mathcal{T}_{n}$ be the kernel of the natural map Out(Fn)→GLn(ℤ). We use combinatorial Morse theory to prove that $\mathcal{T}_{n}$ has an Eilenberg–MacLane space which is (2n-4)-dimensional and that $H_{2n-4}(\mathcal{T}_{n},\mathbb{Z})$ is not finitely generated (n≥3). In particular, this shows that the cohomological dimension of $\mathcal{T}_{n}$ is equal to 2n-4 and recovers the result of Krstic–McCool that $\mathcal{T}_3$ is not finitely presented. We also give a new proof of the fact, due to Magnus, that $\mathcal{T}_{n}$ is finitely generated.
Closure in the emergence and evolution of life. Multiple discourses or one

: Evolutionary theory formulated in terms of complex systems dynamics shows interesting convergences with the approaches of developmental systems theory and biosemiotics, especially when applied to the problem of the origin of life. Although starting from difference conceptual assumptions, all three approaches agree on the importance of closure in the form of semi-permeable chemical and informational boundaries and a more circumscribed role for DNA.
Aggression as a function of the intensity and pattern of attack

Abstract Forty S s competed with an opponent in a reaction time task to avoid receiving shock. The opponent provided either consistently high intensity attack, increasing, decreasing, or consistently low attack. The S 's shock settings for the opponent on each trial and ratings of the opponent after the task served as dependent measures. High intensity attack resulted in high intensity counterattack and negative ratings of the opponent. Low intensity attack resulted in low intensity counterattack and relatively positive ratings for the opponent. Decreasing attack resulted in decreasing counterattack and positive ratings of the opponent. Increasing attack resulted in increasing counterattack and comparatively high aggression ratings of the opponent.
Using E-field modeling to determine the need for grading rings

Techniques used in modeling the electric field (E-field) along an insulator can greatly vary between modelers. This panel session paper will present the challenges faced when multiple modelers attempt model the same transmission line configuration. These challenges also make it difficult to accurately determine the need for a grading ring.
A Controlled Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Plus Habit Reversal for Trichotillomania

This randomized trial compared a combined Acceptance and Commitment Therapy/Habit Reversal Training (ACT/HRT) to a waitlist control in the treatment of adults with trichotillomania (TTM). Twenty-five participants (12 treatment and 13 waitlist) completed the trial. Results demonstrated a significant reduction in hair pulling severity, impairment ratings, and hairs pulled, along with significant reductions in experiential avoidance and both anxiety and depressive symptoms in the ACT/HRT group compared to the waitlist control. Reductions generally were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. Decreases in experiential avoidance and greater treatment compliance were significantly correlated with reductions in TTM severity, implying that targeting experiential avoidance may be useful in the treatment of TTM. Other implications and suggestions for future research are noted.
The polyadic structure of factorable function tensors with applications to high-order minimization techniques

Factorable functions are shown to have arrays ofNth-order derivatives (tensors) which are naturally computed as sums of generalized outer product matrices (polyads). The computational implications of this for high-order minimization techniques (such as Halley's method of tangent hyperbolas) are investigated. A direct derivation of these high-order techniques is also given.
Off- and On-Shell Analyticity of Three-Particle Scattering Amplitudes

Off-shell analytic properties are obtained for amplitudes which satisfy approximate three-body equations of the Faddeev-Lovelace type. These properties are used to construct an explicit representation for the off-shell three-particle amplitude in terms of the solution of a new integral equation. The advantages of this new equation for both analytical and computational purposes are discussed, and the representation is used to determine on-shell analyticity for the amplitude. The form of the representation is such that the important three-body singularities are exhibited in a particularly transparent fashion.
Ectopic penile testis

A case of a rare form of penile testicular ectopia is reported. The embryology is discussed, and ectopia is differentiated from cryptorchism.
Vladivostok: City of three eras

Founded in 1860 as a naval post, today Vladivostok is Russia's largest city located on the Pacific Ocean. It owes its existence to its excellent natural harbour and its position at the far south‐eastern extremity of the Russian land mass, which made it the logical terminus for the national Russian railroad, the Trans‐Siberian. From a population of only a few dozen sailors inhabiting primitive barracks during its early years, the city now has a population of over 700 000 and is the centre of an urban region of more than a million. The city's early growth was haphazard, and only over time did it develop in a more rational way. The military, bureaucratic, and capitalist city of the early years of this century was changed only superficially by the Bolshevik Revolution, and it was only with the Five Year Plans of the 1930s that substantial projects for renewing older sections of the city were combined with ambitious proposals to build a model Soviet urban centre. These plans were thwarted by the Second World W...
The North Chilean hexahedrites: Variations in composition and structure

Abstract Determination of Ni, Ga, Ge and Ir in 9 of the 12 hexahedrites from northern Chile shows that these irons have not resulted from a single shower, but rather that a minimum of 4 falls are necessary to account for the observed variations. Structural evidence indicates an additional grouping, and that at least 5 falls are involved. The chief distinguishing property is their Ir content: six (Rio Loa, Tocopilla, Puripica, Filomena, San Martin, Coya Norte) have Ir contents of about 4.0 ppm, whereas Negrillos, Sierra Gorda and Mejillones (1905) have Ir contents of 65, 48 and 2.5 ppm. Sierra Gorda and Negrillos also have unique Ni concentrations. The irons cannot be distinguished on the basis of their Ga and Ge contents. The structural groups are the same as those based on Ir content, except that the structure of Puripica differs from that of the other irons containing 4.0 ppm Ir, and Sierra Gorda and Negrillos have rather similar structures. Mejillones (1875) appears to be identical to Mejillones (1905) on the basis of microprobe and optical studies. There is no reason to believe that the strewn field of the similar objects is extraordinarily large compared to those found in observed meteorite showers. There appears to be no connection between these hexahedrites and the irons from Campo del Cielo, Argentina.
Resistant-Starch Formation in High-Amylose Maize Starch during Kernel Development

The objective of this study was to understand the resistant-starch (RS) formation during kernel development of a high-amylose maize, GEMS-0067 line. The RS content of the starch, determined using AOAC method 991.43 for total dietary fiber, increased with kernel maturation and increase in the amylose/intermediate component (IC) content of the starch. Gelatinization of the native starches showed a major thermal transition with peak temperature at 76.6-81.0 degrees C. An additional peak ( approximately 97.1 degrees C) first appeared 20 days after pollination and then developed into a significant peak on later dates. After removal of lipids from the starch, this peak disappeared, but the conclusion gelatinization temperature remained the same. The proportion of the enthalpy change of the thermal transition above 95 degrees C, calculated from the thermogram of the defatted starch, increased with kernel maturation and was significantly correlated with the RS content of the starch (r = 0.98). These results showed that the increase in crystallites of amylose/IC long-chain double helices in the starch resulted in the increase in the RS content of the starch during kernel development.
Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra Geometrical Isomers of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Diethylenetriamine and Iminodiacetate Ion

Abstract Carbon-13 nmr spectra are reported for s-facial, uns-facial, and meridonial isomers of [Co(dien)3]CI3 and [Co(dien)(IDA)] CI, and the s-fac and uns-fac isomers of K[Co(IDA)2]. The nmr peaks are assigned, the spectra clearly reflecting the symmetry of the individual isomers.