cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The equivalence of Side-Angle-Side and Side-Angle-Angle in the absolute plane

Following the approach of G.D. Birkhoff, we develop a new axiom system for a continuous absolute plane. In this new axiom system we remove Side-Angle-Side as an axiom and replace it with Side-Angle-Angle as a new axiom. We prove that the new axiom system is also a continuous absolute plane, and in particular, that Side-Angle-Side holds in the new axiom system. In addition, we give new proofs of well known results. These new proofs do not depend on Side-Angle-Side, but instead use Side-Angle-Angle.
Cytotoxic T cells isolated from the central nervous systems of mice infected with Theiler's virus.

Intracerebral inoculation of resistant mice (C57BL/10SNJ) with Theiler9s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) results in acute encephalitis followed by subsequent clearance of virus from the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, infection of susceptible mice (SJL/J) results in virus persistence and chronic immune-mediated demyelination. Both resistance and susceptibility to TMEV-induced disease appear to be immune mediated, since immunosuppression results in enhanced encephalitis in resistant mice but diminished demyelination in susceptible mice. The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether anti-TMEV cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are generated during acute and chronic TMEV infection. Nonspecific lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was used initially to detect the cytolytic potential of lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS irrespective of antigen specificity. Using TMEV-infected targets, H-2-restricted TMEV-specific CTLs of the CD8+ phenotype were demonstrated in lymphocytes from the CNS of susceptible and resistant mice, arguing against the hypothesis that the ability to generate CD8+ CTLs mediates resistance. In chronically infected SJL/J mice, TMEV-specific CTL activity was detected in the CNS as late as 226 days postinfection. These experiments demonstrate that virus-specific CTLs are present in the CNS during both acute and chronic TMEV infection. Anti-TMEV CTLs in the CNS of chronically infected SJL/J mice may play a role in demyelination through their ability to lyse TMEV-infected glial cells.
100 Multi-disciplinary Clinic: Next Step In “heart Team” Approach For Tavi

Introduction The “Heart team” approach is considered to be the most appropriate method for assessing patients for consideration of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) in severe aortic stenosis. Thus far, the approach has involved the discussion of patients in a multi-disciplinary meeting (MDM) involving interventional cardiologists, imaging specialists, surgeons, anaesthetists and elderly care physicians. The disadvantage of this approach is that the patients are often reviewed remotely by a single specialist. We have developed a unique model of multi-disciplinary clinic (MDC) for assessing patients for TAVI; in this model the patients are reviewed by an interventional cardiologist, cardiac surgeon and anaesthetist in the same clinic. We report the first 8 months data of patients reviewed in this clinic and the outcomes. Methods The TAVI MDC at King’s College hospital has run twice a month since January 2013. Data for all patients who attended this clinic were collected and analysed. For those who attended the clinic more than once, the decision made during the first visit was included for analysis. We compared this with that taken from MDM patient discussions (n = 71) undertaken in the 8 months prior to the inception of the clinic. Results During the study period, 64 appointment slots were made in the clinic. 48 patients (83 ± 6 yrs, 22 female) were reviewed in the clinic 57 times (7 patients seen twice, one patient seen three times). The outcome of clinic decisions for these patients is shown in Figure 1. This was compared with the outcome for patients discussed in the preceding 8 months. (Table 1)TAVI work-up was completed prior to clinic appointment in 15 patients (31.3%) compared to 62 patients (87.3%, p Conclusion This is the first report of the live “Heart team” clinic data. TAVI decline rate was higher when patients were seen earlier in the process by the team, thereby avoiding unnecessary costs of TAVI work-up investigations. Patients underwent TAVI quicker when seen and accepted in the MDC. This model offers the potential for a more effective method of multidisciplinary assessment, but does require significant resource allocation.
OpenJ: an extensible system level design language

There is an increasing research interest in system level design languages which can carry designers from specification to implementation of a system-on-a-chip. Unfortunately two of the most important goals in designing such a language, are at odds with each other: heterogeneity requires components of the system to be captured precisely by domain specific models to simplify analysis and synthesis; simplicity requires a consistent notation to avoid confusion. In this paper, we focus on our effort in resolving this dilemma in an extensible language called OpenJ. In contrast to the conventional monolithic languages, OpenJ has a layered structure consisting of the kernel layer which is essentially an object oriented language designed to be simple, modular and polymorphic; the open layer which exports parameterizable language constructs; the domain layer which precisely captures the computational models essential for embedded systems. The domain layer can be provided by vendors via a common protocol defined by an open layer which enables the supersetting or/and subsetting of the kernel. A compiler has been built for this language and experiments are conducted for popular models such as synchronous, discrete event and dataflow.
Toxicity evaluation of metal plating wastewater employing the Microtox assay: a comparison with cladocerans and fish.

The relative sensitivity of the Microtox assay is closely related to the type of toxicant, and hence its utility in biomonitoring effluents is better evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The Microtox assay, employing the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri, was evaluated for its applicability in monitoring metal plating wastewater for toxicity. The results of the Microtox assay after 5, 15, and 30 min of () exposure, were compared with data obtained from conventional whole effluent toxicity testing WET ( methods that employed Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and the fathead minnow Pimephales ) promelas . The Microtox assay produced notably comparable EC50 values to the LC50 values of the () acute fathead minnow toxicity test 0.5 order of difference . The Spearman's rank correlation analyses showed that the bacterial assay, regardless of exposure duration, correlated better with the acute fish () than the daphnid results p0.05 . These observations were consistent to other studies conducted with inorganic contaminants. The relative sensitivity of the 30-min Microtox assay was within the range of the two frequently used acute daphnid/fish toxicity tests. In conclusion, the Microtox assay correlated well with the acute fathead minnow data and is well suited for toxicity monitoring for these types of industrial
A GRAPH-THEORETIC STUDY OF THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF SPARSE POSITIVE DEFINITE SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of a graph-theoretic study of the numerical solution of sparse positive definite systems of linear equations. By following the formulation of elimination as a combinatorial process a considerable insight into the elimination process by studying the evolution of the cycle structure and the vertex-separator, or cut-set, structure of a graph under elimination can be gained. Furthermore, by counting the arithmetic operations necessary to effect the decompositions, these criteria for optimization is related to the computational complexity of calculations involving the elimination process. A graph-theoretic approach for dealing with sparse systems in regard to Gaussian elimination is to attempt to find permutation matrices P, Q such that A = PMQ, which is block lower triangular, as in this case it is necessary only to decompose the diagonal blocks of PMQ. Naturally, such a transformation does not preserve symmetry. However, results of these are not applicable when M is symmetric positive definite and irreducible, because the algorithm would then produce only one diagonal block, M.
Environmental variables and great ape husbandry

The reproductive success of the great apes is a matter of considerable importance. The variables that contribute to reproductive failure are many. Environmental variables may be classified as physical or social. Historically, authorities have suggested that environments should be large, dynamic, natural, challenging, and occupied by social groups. Valid habitats contribute to the normal development of social and ultimately reproductive behaviors. Intelligence may also be affected by the nature of the environment. In encouraging naturalistic and complex habitats, it is essential that existing and future environments be evaluated and compared. If research can be focused on the applied problems of management and exhibition, more humane and stimulating environments can ultimately be created, and captive propagation may reach an optimal level.
Scattering from multiple objects buried beneath two-dimensional random rough surface using the steepest descent fast multipole method

Generalized formulations are presented to analyze the electric field scattered from multiple penetrable shallow objects buried beneath two-dimensional random rough surfaces. These objects could have different materials, shapes, or orientations. In addition, their separation distance may range from a fraction of a wavelength to several wavelengths. The fast algorithm, steepest descent fast multipole method (SDFMM), is used to compute the unknown electric and magnetic surface currents on the rough ground surface and on the buried objects. Parametric investigations are presented to study the effect of the objects proximity, orientations, materials, shapes, the incident waves polarization, and the ground roughness on the scattered fields. A significant interference is observed between the objects when they are separated by less than one free space wavelength. Even when the clutter due to the rough ground is removed, the return from the second object, can be dominating causing a possible false alarm in detecting the target. The results show that the distortion in target signature significantly increases with the increase of both the proximity to a clutter item and the ground roughness.
Trade in High-Tech Services

This paper examines the size, scope, and potential implications of trade in high-tech services in the U.S. The results suggest that many service activities are tradable, tradable service activities tend to employ more educated workers and pay higher wages, and high-tech services account for a large share of service activities that are tradable. Service exporters are more prevalent in high-tech industries with larger establishments and higher wages. Within industries, service exporters tend to be larger, pay higher wages, and are more productive. Tradable service activities seem consistent with U.S. comparative advantage and, as a result, less likely to be vulnerable to offshoring. Consistent with this, recent employment growth in tradable service industries is not significantly different than employment growth in non-tradable service industries.
Analytical description of pseudo-invariant features (PIFs)

Invariant features are needed for atmospheric normalization of images pairs. Powerful statistical approaches now exist, designed to isolate unchanged pixels based on quantitatively evaluating the spectral correlation of pixels in image pairs. This suggests that it should be possible to reach similar results following an analytical path, and our hypothesis is that the derivation of an analytical procedure will yield some physical insight that is not directly accessible with a stochastic approach. In this paper we derive an analytical formula that relates PIFs to the radiometric properties of the scenes. The formula is then inverted to yield an estimate of the ratio of transmission spectra of the two images given the path radiance for each scene and a set of invariant features.
Space-Time Variations of Human Capital Assets Across U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 1980 to 2000

This article examines the changing structure of human capital in U.S. metropolitan regions from 1980 to 2000. Data are drawn from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. Intensive empirical investigation leads to three main conclusions. First, forms of human capital in the United States are becoming more oriented to labor tasks that call for cognitive-cultural skills. Second, cognitive-cultural skills are accumulating most intensively in large metropolitan areas. Third, physical or practical forms of human capital are increasingly being relegated to smaller metropolitan areas. That said, important residues of human capital, focused on physical or practical tasks, remain a durable element of the economies of large metropolitan areas. I offer a brief theoretical explanation of these results.
Early Budget Reformers: Democracy, Efficiency, and Budget Reforms:

An examination of the writings of the early budget reformers suggests a major break between the progressive era reform proposals in the early 1900s and the budget proposals of the Taft era conservatives beginning in 1912. Progressives favored expansionary, activist government; Taft conservatives wanted to shrink government. Progressives focused more on cost effectiveness; Taft conservatives focused more on efficiency and cost cutting. Progressive reformers trusted the public and, to some extent, its representatives in the legislature, while Taft conservatives lacked confidence in the public and its representatives. The Taft era proposals had a major influence on the 1921 Budget and Accounting Act, which gave the federal government an executive budget process and also influenced budgeting in some states, such as New York and Maryland.
Nematogenic block copolymers via the yamazaki reaction

A novel extension of the Yamazaki reaction is used to prepare block copolymers having rigid blocks of poly-(p-benzamide) (PBA) and semiflexible blocks of polyamide-hydrazide. A PBA prepolymer having M ≅ 10,000 was synthesized by the usual Yamazaki reaction using triphenylphosphite. As previously reported, higher-molecular-weight PBA could be obtained using 4-N-(4′-aminobenzamido)benzoic acid containing a preformed amide linkage. Addition of p-aminobenzhydrazide and terephthalic acid then led to formation of the polyamide-hydrazide blocks using as the active reactant the diphenylphosphite formed as a by-product in the first polymerization. Evidence that a block copolymer is produced includes an increase in inherent viscosity during the second step, differences in the solubility of the copolymer compared to the homopolymers, and comparison of the phase diagram of the block copolymer in N-methylpyrrolidone having 4% added LiCl with those of a random copolymer, and of mixtures of the two homopolymers. The critical concentration required to form a nematic phase in solutions of the block copolymers is correlated with the length (or axial ratio) of the rigid block, and with its proportion in the copolymer.
Flip-Flop Heart

A 21-year-old man presented with abdominal swelling, lower extremity edema, and progressive dyspnea of 1 month's duration. Physical examination was notable for mild respiratory distress, marked jugular venous distention, muffled heart sounds, a pulsus paradoxus of 30 mm Hg, and disappearance of the radial pulse with inspiration. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed beat-to-beat variability in the amplitude of the QRS complexes (ie, electrical alternans). This prompted urgent transthoracic echocardiography that revealed a massive pericardial effusion with evidence of right ventricular diastolic collapse indicative of cardiac tamponade. Echocardiographic images obtained from consecutive cardiac cycles revealed a nearly 90° rotation of the heart from beat to beat (supplemental video online linked to this article), responsible for the electrical alternans seen on electrocardiography. Emergent pericardiocentesis resulted in removal of 1200 mL of fluid and immediate disappearance of the electrical alternans. The patient was subsequently diagnosed as having systemic lupus erythematosus; appropriate therapy was initiated, and he was discharged with no recurrence of pericardial pathology. Electrical alternans is defined as alternating amplitude of the QRS complexes with every other beat. In the setting of a pericardial effusion, it is caused by the mechanical pendulum motion of the heart as it swings within the pericardial sac. The echocardiographic manifestation of marked beat-to-beat cardiac rotation is instructive in defining the genesis of this electrocardiographic phenomenon. Electrical alternans is an uncommon finding in patients with cardiac tamponade, with reported sensitivities of only 8% to 21%.1-3 However, electrical alternans is highly suggestive of pericardial effusion, with a specificity of 89% and a positive predictive value of 82%.1 In clinical practice, awareness of the presence of a pericardial effusion in a patient with cardiopulmonary symptoms is the critical first step in facilitating rapid diagnosis and treatment of cardiac tamponade. Figure 1. Electrocardiogram at the time of presentation with evidence of electrical alternans. Figure 2. Echocardiographic images obtained from consecutive cardiac cycles revealed a nearly 90° rotation of the heart from beat to beat (top and bottom). There was evidence of right ventricular collapse in end-diastole as noted by the asterisk. LA = left ...
Accuracy and Consistency in the Revision of Subjective Probabilities

Using Bayes' theorem as the normative model, four experiments examined the consistency with which subjective probabilities were revised in light of additional data. Consistency was found to be extremely high under all experimental conditions, and it was shown to be independent of the accuracy of Ss' subjective probabilities; Ss apparently apply a revision rule that is similar to Bayes' theorem to whatever subjective probabilities they possess at the moment regardless of the accuracy of their probabilities.
DIFFERENCES IN PLUMULACEOUS FEATHER CHARACTERS OF DABBLING AND DIVING DUCKS

Abstract ABSTRACT We examined variation in five microscopic plumulaceous (downy) feather characters of eighteen species of dabbling (Anatini) and diving (Aythyini, Mergini) ducks to quantify the differences between these tribes, and to explain how the plumulaceous feather ultrastructure in ducks may be influenced by different ecological requirements. Over 75% of the variation in feather characters among these ducks was explained by the first two components of a principal components analysis (PCA). Component 1 explained 51% of the variation and was positively correlated with the characters that quantified the number of barbules with expanded nodes and the number of expanded nodes on barbules. The microscopic feather characters of dabbling ducks (Anatini) have triangular-shaped, expanded nodes on most proximal barbules, whereas diving ducks (Aythyini and Mergini) lack expanded nodes on some barbules. Anatini also have a greater density of expanded nodes per barbule, wider nodes, shorter distance between exp...
Tissue Engineering in Drug Delivery

Over the last 20 years, the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged with the goals of restoring, maintaining, or improving tissue function. This is currently addressed with the creation of biologically active biomaterials or scaffolds seeded with either progenitor or differentiated cells that substitute for tissue or organs. Paracrine factors or other drugs are incorporated into these scaffolds to promote tissue regeneration and function. Precise control of both timing and presentation of these drugs is necessary for sufficient efficacy. This chapter provides an overview of the common biomaterials and drugs encountered in bone, cartilage, neural, and cardiovascular tissue engineering, as well as current strategies and future directions for drug delivery in tissue engineering.
Media General and the Balanced Scorecard (B)

Media General and the Balanced Scorecard (A) (UVA-C-2283) describes the impetus for and the process of implementing a balanced scorecard (BSC) in a large, publicly held, multimedia news organization. The B case (UVA-C-2284) presents a situation where a business-unit manager turns to his region’s BSC to evaluate the possible reasons for a quarterly revenue shortfall. These cases can be used in an undergraduate, graduate, or executive-education setting to introduce the BSC topic.
Fault Location Using Wide-Area Measurements and Sparse Estimation

This paper describes a fault location method which uses sparsely located wide-area synchronized phasor measurements. The main contribution is the way fault location is reformulated as a sparse estimation problem. Faulted system is modeled by equivalent terminal bus injections which would cause the same changes in bus voltages with the fault current drawn at any point along the faulted line. Once these injections are estimated, the fact that the ratio between equivalent injections at the two terminal buses depends only on the ratio of serial impedances on each side of the fault point can be used to locate the fault. It is shown that this formulation applies to both two terminal lines as well as teed lines regardless of fault type or resistance. Assuming availability of an accurate three-phase network model and a sufficient number of phasor measurements over the entire network, an underdetermined set of linear equations can be formed and then solved for the sparse equivalent bus injections. This is accomplished by applying two $L_{1}$ norm regularization optimization methods namely Lasso and overlapping group Lasso. Effectiveness of these methods are verified by extensive simulations.
Cracking Open a Molecular Calculator: DNA Charge Transport and Primase

De novo initiation of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerases requires formation of an initial “primer” on the template. In eukaryotes, this function is provided by a distinct DNA primase. Primase, a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, generates short (8-12 nt) RNA primers on ssDNA templates. These initial RNA primers are handed off to DNA polymerase α (pol α), which extends the primer by ∼20 nts. This primed RNA/DNA substrate is then handed off to processive polymerases e or δ, which synthesize the vast majority of new DNA on the leading and lagging strands. X-ray crystal structures of human primase have been used to propose models for the catalytic mechanism. However, the molecular basis for primer counting and handoff remains unclear. Primase contains a 4Fe-4S cluster in the p58C domain critical to pol-prim loading and activity, but its specific function is not known. We are investigating the hypothesis that the function of the cluster is to drive primer length counting. Well-stacked duplex DNA has been shown capable of transporting charge over long distances, and it has been proposed this phenomenon enables communication between Fe-S cluster-containing proteins. In this study, we show the 4Fe-4S cluster in wild-type p58C is capable of mediating charge transport (CT) with DNA. DNA-modified electrodes were used to characterize the electrochemistry of p58C. Based on previously determined WT structures, we identified a possible pathway from the cluster to the DNA binding site in p58C and designed mutants of key residues in this pathway. Mutation of Tyr345 to Phe greatly diminishes DNA CT. Primase activity assays with WT and mutant proteins revealed substantial differences in product length distribution. These data suggest charge transport is involved in primer length counting and may signal for primer template handoff to pol α.
Integrated optics

In order to enable optical systems to operate with a high degree of compactness and reliability it is necessary to combine large number of optical functions in small monolithic structures. A development, somewhat reminiscent of that that took place in Integrated Electronics, is now beginning to take place in optics. The initial challenge in this emerging field, known appropriately as "Integrated Optics", is to demonstrate the possibility of performing basic optical functions such as light generation, coupling, modulation, and guiding in Integrated Optical configurations. The talk will review the main theoretical and experimental developments to date in Integrated Optics. Specific topics to be discussed include: Material considerations, guiding mechanisms, modulation, coupling and mode losses. The fabrication and applications of periodic thin film structures will be discussed.
Overtraining and discrimination shift behavior in children

After receiving 30 overtraining trials in an initial two-dimensional discrimination, 6 yr. old children accomplished a subsequent reversal shift faster than an extradimensional shift. Control Ss trained only to criterion did not differ in speed of learning the two types of shifts. These results are discussed in relation to similar experiments with infrahuman Ss.
CFD approach to firearms sound suppressor design

Suppression of muzzle blast is important in both large and small caliber gun designs. Key goals in the case of small caliber systems are the reduction in the incidence of hearing loss due to the acoustic signal and signature reduction for military applications. Various devices have been used to reduce the muzzle blast and the design of these devices have relied heavily on experimental investigation. The current study evaluates the utility of computational models in the design of suppressors for small caliber guns. Experimental measurements are made for a representative suppressor design and simulations are performed to determine the level of model sophistication needed to correctly predict the effects of the device. The current simulations correctly capture both the levels and characteristics of the acoustic signal generated by the bare muzzle and suppressor configurations. These findings support the use of computational models in the suppressor design process.
Crystal structure of 2-azido-1H-imidazole-4,5-di-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C5HN7, the nitrile and azido substituents are close to being coplanar with the central ring. Mol­ecules in the crystal are linked via an N—H⋯N hydrogen bond to a nitrile acceptor, forming a chain extending along the c-axis direction.
Women, Families, and HIV/AIDS: Men, Gender Roles, and Sexuality

If it wasn't for my daughter, I don'at know what I would do. I take care of myself. I take care of my problems, take medicines. I'm very depressed. I lost everything in a few months. I used to have a lot of connections with my family. I don't know what it is but I always find a way to take care of my daugher and she helps me, keeps me alive. We haven'at heard from nobody in the family. That's okay. I'm just going to this group where I met some other people just like me. I got a lot to live for now, especially for my daughter. – Ed I'm a single father. I have one child. She's 3 years now. My wife passed away 2 years, 5 months ago. I don't have family here. My own family's living in Mexico City. I need a break. I need time for me. Because all the time I have is for my daughter. I have friends here which give me help or sometimes they care for my daughter. My friends help me … For me it is very difficult to play mother to my daughter. For a man, raising a child is difficult but life sends many surprises and teaches you to live better. The same way it deals difficult blows, it also brings good news. I have learned to live a better life one day at a time and to try to be better and to give my daughter the best in life. – Jose
Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) Is a Rational Therapeutic Target in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease that is currently treated with a homogeneous approach based on empiric combination chemotherapy. To elucidate molecular differences in DLBCL subsets and identify more rational treatment targets, coordinate transcriptional profiling was used to define three groups of DLBCLs: “Oxidative Phosphorylation” (OxPhos), “B-cell Receptor/Proliferation” (BCR), and “Host Response” (HR). Of interest, the HSP90 α and β isoforms were differentially expressed in the DLBCL subsets; the stress-induced α isoform was more abundant in OxPhos tumors (p < .0001) whereas the constitutively expressed β isoform was increased in BCR DLBCLs (p < .0001). HSP90 α and β differ in the length of their N-termini but share a common ATP binding domain, the target site for recently developed HSP90 inhibitors, such as IPI-504 (Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA). Although differential HSP90 isoform expression likely reflects underlying biological differences in the DLBCL subsets, the shared ATP binding domain suggests that both isoforms, and the majority of DLBCLs, may be effectively targeted with HSP90 inhibitors. For these reasons, we determined the IC50 and cytotoxic potential of IPI-504 in an extensive series of DLBCL cell lines. IPI-504 inhibited the proliferation of DLBCL cell lines at IC50s ranging from 0.04 μM in the most sensitive line to 12.67 μM in the most resistant line. Annexin V/PI staining revealed that IPI-504 was cytotoxic to most DLBCL cell lines at low micromolar doses; even cell lines that were relatively resistant to IPI-504 at lower doses (2 μM) underwent apoptosis with prolonged exposure to increased IPI-504 doses (72 hrs. and 8 μM). Cell lines that were most sensitive to IPI-504 expressed high levels of a major HSP90 client protein, pAKT, and exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in pAKT levels following IPI-504 treatment. For these reasons, we assessed the efficacy of IPI-504 in association with a PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor, LY24009, in the DLBCL panel. Combined treatment with the HSP90 and PI3K inhibitors was highly synergistic (Method of Chou and Talalay; Calcusyn software, Biosoft, Ferguson, MO), inhibiting cellular proliferation by over 95% in evaluated DLBCL cell lines. In contrast, the combination of concurrent IPI-504 and an empiric chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin, was antagonistic, underscoring the importance of rational combination therapy. We conclude that: 1) HSP90 isoforms are differentially expressed in primary DLBCL subsets; and 2) inhibition of HSP90, via the conserved ATP binding domain, leads to dose-dependent apoptosis that is associated with depletion of pAKT in DLBCL cell lines. The HSP90 inhibitor IPI-504 possesses both single-agent efficacy as well as synergy when combined with PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that this rational targeted approach warrants further clinical investigation.
Model Citizens: The Making of an American Throughout the Naturalization Process

This article chronicles and dissects the U.S. government's narrative communication with immigrants who apply for citizenship by investigating the eligibility requirements for naturalization. I provide a textual analysis of the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services' comprehensive Guide to Naturalization. The article uses performance theory as a method of analysis to illuminate the sociopolitical role of the public oath ceremony that concludes each successful applicant's process. Interrogating the narrative of U.S. naturalization through its corresponding media reveals that the tasks required for citizenship supersede matters of legality; they oblige applicants to learn, commit to, and then perform a particular narrative toward the goal of an idealized supercitizenry that reifies the nation's power and legitimacy.
Changing the surgical dogma in frontal sinus trauma: transnasal endoscopic repair.

Background Management of frontal sinus trauma includes coronal or direct open approaches through skin incisions to either ablate or obliterate the frontal sinus for posterior table fractures and openly reduce/internally fixate fractured anterior tables. The objective of this prospective case-series study was to evaluate outcomes of frontal sinus anterior and posterior table trauma using endoscopic techniques. Methods Prospective evaluation of patients undergoing surgery for frontal sinus fractures was performed. Data were collected regarding demographics, etiology, technique, operative site, length involving the posterior table, size of skull base defects, complications, and clinical follow-up. Results Forty-six patients (average age, 42 years) with frontal sinus fractures were treated using endoscopic techniques from 2008 to 2016. Mean follow-up was 26 (range, 0.5 to 79) months. Patients were treated primarily with a Draf IIb frontal sinusotomies. Draf III was used in 8 patients. Average fracture defect (length vs width) was 17.1 × 9.1 mm, and the average length involving the posterior table was 13.1 mm. Skull base defects were covered with either nasoseptal flaps or free tissue grafts. One individual required Draf IIb revision, but all sinuses were patent on final examination and all closed reductions of anterior table defects resulted in cosmetically acceptable outcomes. Conclusion Frontal sinus trauma has traditionally been treated using open approaches. Our findings show that endoscopic management should become part of the management algorithm for frontal sinus trauma, which challenges current surgical dogma regarding mandatory open approaches.
When is cough functional, and how should it be treated?

Key points Habit cough is most commonly characterised by a repetitive loud barking cough that persists for prolonged periods. The cough interferes with normal activity and substantially decreases the quality of life. The sine qua non is the total absence of this troublesome cough once asleep. The age distribution ranges from 4 years to late adolescence, with 85% of cases occurring from 8 to 14 years of age; similar cough in adults is much less common and poorly characterised. Pharmacological treatment is ineffective. A simple behavioural approach called suggestion therapy has been applied with success by many physicians. The natural history in the absence of treatment can result in persistence for months to years. Educational aims To increase awareness of functional cough as a non-organically caused symptom in children and adolescents. To provide the means of diagnosing a functional cough based on the distinguishing characteristics of this cause of chronic cough. To understand the principles of treating a functional cough with a simple behavioural technique called suggestion therapy. Summary Involuntary cough without an identified underlying organic reason has been given various names and recommended treatments. Current experience in children and adolescents suggests that “habit cough” best describes this entity, and suggestion therapy is a highly effective treatment that most physicians can learn.
A Mobile, Avatar-Based App for Improving Body Perceptions Among Adolescents: A Pilot Test

Background: One barrier to effectively treating weight issues among adolescents is that they tend to use social comparison instead of objective measures to evaluate their own health status. When adolescents correctly perceive themselves as overweight, they are more likely to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors. Objective: The purpose of this pilot test was to develop and assess acceptability and usability of an avatar-based, theoretically derived mobile app entitled Monitor Your Avatar (MYA). Methods: The MYA app was engineered for high school adolescents to identify, using avatars, what they thought they looked like, what they wanted to look like, and what they actually looked like based on body measurements. Results: The MYA app was pilot-tested with male and female adolescents aged 15-18 years to assess for acceptability and usability. A total of 42 students created and viewed their avatars. The majority of the adolescents were female (28/42, 67%), age 16 years (16/42, 38%), white (35/42, 83%), non-Hispanic (36/42, 86%), in grade 10 (20/42, 48%), healthy weight for females (23/28, 82%), and obese for males (7/14, 50%). The adolescents had positive reactions to the avatar app and being able to view avatars that represented them. All but one student (41/42, 98%) indicated some level of comfort viewing the avatars and would use the app in the future to see how their bodies change over time. Conclusions: Avatar-based mobile apps, such as the MYA app, provide immediate feedback and allow users to engage with images that are personalized to represent their perceptions and actual body images. This pilot study adds to the increasing but limited research of using games to improve health outcomes among high school adolescents. There is a need to further adapt the MYA app and gather feedback from a larger number of high school adolescents, including those from diverse backgrounds. [JMIR Serious Games 2017;5(1):e4]
Using cognitive mapping techniques to supplement UML and UP in information requirements determination

Information requirements determination is a critical task in system development projects. Many human issues may hinder the efforts to accurately capture and clearly understand users' information requirements. In this paper, we review the cognitive underpinnings of some human issues, which are discussed in existing literature and relevant to information requirements determination. We then propose the use of cognitive mapping techniques in the process of information requirements determination. Three widely used cognitive mapping techniques - causal mapping, semantic mapping, and concept mapping – are briefly introduced in this article. A case is used to illustrate how to use these cognitive mapping techniques to supplement Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Unified Process (UP) in information requirements determination. The potential of using cognitive mapping techniques to overcome some cognitive limitations and communication obstacles during information requirements determination is then discussed.
Testability of the Retinomax autorefractor and IOLMaster in preschool children: the Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study.

Purpose To determine the testability of Retinomax and IOLMaster ocular biometry in preschool children. Design Population-based study of inner city preschool children in Los Angeles County. Participants Two thousand five hundred forty-five Hispanic and 2178 African American children 6 to 72 months old. Methods Subjects were identified by door-to-door screening within previously identified contiguous census tracts. Pediatric ophthalmologists or optometrists performed comprehensive eye examinations on all subjects. Refractive error and keratometry measurements were attempted on all subjects with the Retinomax autorefractor after cycloplegia. Axial length measurements with the IOLMaster partial coherence interferometer were attempted on those subjects ages 30 to 72 months. Main Outcome Measures Ability to obtain high confidence autorefraction readings or axial length measurements on both eyes. Results Overall, 89% were testable in both eyes with the Retinomax device, and 91% of the children were testable with the IOLMaster. Testability rose sharply with age, so that by age 36 months 98% of children were testable with the Retinomax device and 90% were testable with IOLMaster. There were no consistent gender- or ethnicity-related differences in testability overall or when stratified by age for either device. Conclusions Young children can be reliably tested for ocular biometry with the Retinomax and IOLMaster devices. This may impact strategies for management of cataracts and refractive errors in preschool children.
Beyond Black and White But Still in Color

None of the boys wanted to marry me because I was too dark and they were already asking me “you know your children are going to come out really, really dark and that’s not good.” But my light skinned friend got married to a different boy every day. But, I didn’t because I wasn’t light enough, and that really hurt my feelings, and to this day, it still brings me back to the idea that I’m not good enough (Awad et al., 2014, p. 550).
Writer Profiling Without the Writer’s Text

Social network users may wish to preserve their anonymity online by masking their identity and not using language associated with any particular demographics or personality. However, they have no control over the language in incoming communications. We show that linguistic cues in public comments directed at a user are sufficient for an accurate inference of that user’s gender, age, religion, diet, and even personality traits. Moreover, we show that directed communication is even more predictive of a user’s profile than the user’s own language. We then conduct a nuanced analysis of what types of social relationships are most predictive of users’ attributes, and propose new strategies on how individuals can modulate their online social relationships and incoming communications to preserve their anonymity.
Vaccination with PSA146-154 peptide for advanced prostate cancer: A 10-year follow-up.

e14024 Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States. Although localized disease may be definitively treated with prostatectomy or r...
Vale Roger Banks: A Tribute

Roger Banks, who was well known to many in the telecommunications industry, passed away in January 2018. He retired as Telecom Australia?s Director of Business Development in 1988, having made significant contributions to Telecom?s commercial development and customer focus. His early career included significant leadership in CCITT?s switching studies. This obituary outlines his life from the early days in Victoria, through his career with the PMG and Telecom, to his post-retirement contributions as a board member and supporter of engineering education.
Identification, Quantification, and Localization of mRNA for Three Distinct Alpha1 Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Human Prostate

The dynamic component of bladder outlet obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is regulated by alpha 1 adrenergic receptors (alpha 1-AR) located in the prostatic stroma. Recently two alpha 1-AR subtypes (alpha 1A, alpha 1B) have been identified in the human prostate by both functional and pharmacological assays. However, the presence of the alpha 1C subtype has not been evaluated, presumably due to the lack of availability of selective ligands for this receptor subtype. We have used molecular techniques to investigate the mRNA expression of all three alpha 1-AR subtypes in the human prostate. RNA extracted from the prostate gland of 15 patients was used in ribonuclease protection assays to identify the expression of three alpha 1-AR subtype mRNAs. Quantitative solution hybridization assays further identify the predominant subtype of alpha 1-AR mRNA to be the alpha 1C, which represents approximately 70% of the total alpha 1-AR mRNA in the human prostate. Furthermore, in situ hybridization localizes the alpha 1C AR mRNA predominantly to the stromal compartment. The identification of a predominant alpha 1-AR mRNA in human prostate identifies a potential need for subtype selective pharmaceutical agents. These agents could be very important clinically in the treatment of diseases such as BPH.
Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion

The fairy tale is arguably one of the most important cultural and social influences on children's lives. But until the first publication of Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion, little attention had been paid to the ways in which the writers and collectors of tales used traditional forms and genres in order to shape children's lives – their behavior, values, and relationship to society. As Jack Zipes convincingly shows in this classic work, fairy tales have always been a powerful discourse, capable of being used to shape or destabilize attitudes and behavior within culture. How and why did certain authors try to influence children or social images of children? How were fairy tales shaped by the changes in European society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Zipes examines famous writers of fairy tales such as Charles Perrault, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen and L.Frank Baum and considers the extraordinary impact of Walt Disney on the genre as a fairy tale filmmaker.
Determining optimal ultrasound percent on time with long-pulse torsional phacoemulsification.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the optimum percent on time for the most efficient lens fragment removal using long-pulse torsional ultrasound (US). Design In vitro laboratory study. Methods Porcine lens nuclei were incubated in formalin for 2 hours and then cut into 2 mm cubes. Phacoemulsification was performed using the Centurion® Vision System and Infiniti OZil handpiece with the balanced tip. Vacuum was set at 500 mm Hg, aspiration rate at 50 mL/min, and intraocular pressure (IOP) at 50 mm Hg. Pulse rate was 26 pulses/second. Studied parameters were percent power: 60%, 80%, and 100%, and percent on times: 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. Efficiency was the total time for a cube to be emulsified. Chatter was the number of times the lens fragment bounced off the tip. Results There was no significant difference in efficiency between 50%, 60%, and 70 % on-time settings (p = 0.17 and 0.08, respectively); however, there was significant increase in efficiency when the on time was increased from 70% to 80% (p = 0.03). Increasing power from 60% to 100% showed a statistically significant efficiency increase (p = 0.001). There was no significant change in chatter with increasing on time; however, there was a statistically significant increase in chatter with every power level increase. Conclusion Increasing on-time percent does not improve efficiency under torsional long-pulse US. There is no significant change in chatter with increasing on-time percent. Increasing power increases efficiency despite chatter increase. Long-pulse US does not appear to influence torsional action in a clinically meaningful way.