cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SU-8 as an electron beam lithography resist

SU-8 resist is an epoxy resin dissolved with a photoinitiator in an organic solvent. The result is a negative resist originally developed for high aspect ratio MEMS applications. For some applications SU-8 has several advantages over the most commonly used e-beam resist, PMMA, which include a much higher sensitivity and increased chemical and mechanical robustness. We have used our Raith 150 electron beam lithography tool to investigate SU-8 in two different applications. First, we investigated the properties of a specially formulated SU-8 which can be spun as thin as /spl sim/100 nm. This is much thinner than normal formulations but necessary for high-resolution lithography. We then exposed an array of single pixel lines with a pitch of 200 nm. At a dose of 30 pC/cm we obtained a line width of /spl sim/60 nm. Second, using standard formulations of SU-8, we discovered that films as thick as 8 microns can be exposed with a 30 kV electron beam, the maximum of our system. Using the contrast curve as a calibration reference, we were able to make analog three-dimensional structures by spatially varying the dose as the feature is being written. With this technique we fabricated a 3/spl times/3 array of f/9 spherical lenses.
Spreading sequence design for multiple-cell synchronous DS-CDMA systems under total weighted squared correlation criterion

An algorithm for designing spreading sequences for an overloaded multicellular synchronous DS-CDMA system on uplink is introduced. The criterion used to measure the optimality of the design is the total weighted square correlation (TWSC) assuming the channel state information known perfectly at both transmitter and receiver. By using this algorithm it is possible to obtain orthogonal generalized WBE sequences sets for any processing gain. The bandwidth of initial generalized WBE signals of each cell is preserved in the extended signal space associated to multicellular system. Mathematical formalism is illustrated by selected numerical examples.
Reducing conflict in development and allocation of transboundary rivers

This article explores opportunities for water scarcity to motivate neighboring nations in transboundary basins to cooperate in the development and allocation of water. Climate change raises the importance of discovering foundations for this cooperation. We examine the development of infrastructure and allocation of water in the controversial Amu Darya Basin. An analysis is presented that characterizes politically constrained and economically optimized water-use patterns in the basin. Using information on the basin’s energy potential, water supplies, land area, crop water requirements, and crop economics, we analyze total basin-wide economic welfare over a 20 year period. Results show that the development and operation of the planned Rogun Dam has the potential to secure agricultural benefits downstream for Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, while supplying some winter power upstream in Tajikistan in normal water conditions. Results show that the ongoing conflict in the Amu Darya Basin over water in...
Shivering and pathological and physiological clonic oscillations of the human ankle

Shivering and physiological and pathological clonus of the ankle were compared using power spectral and cross-correlation analysis of their respective electromyographic and acceleration waveforms. The major spectral peaks from each type of involuntary oscillation possessed similar frequencies (5–7 Hz). Soleus electromyographic activity was significantly correlated with the motion signal, whereas no correlation was observed between motion and tibialis anterior electromyographic signal. These data suggest that although shivering and physiological and pathological clonus are activated by different stimuli, these overt ankle oscillations may be an expression of a common spinal neuronal network.
Training, Practice, and Collaboration: New Opportunities for Pediatric Psychology and Genomic Medicine

Medical practice and the research that underlies it are radically changing due to advances in genetics and genomics (Guttmacher & Collins, 2005; Joshi & Kucherlapati, 2008). The impact of genetic medicine has been felt more immediately in adult than in pediatric settings. However, pediatric psychologists working in oncology, psychiatry, or many other medical settings will very soon need to be up to speed on genetic concepts and on the psychosocial implications of genetic advances as they permeate pediatric practice.
Genetic study on the incompatibility system in Arthroderma simii.

Five hundred and forty F1 progeny obtained from Arthroderma simii, IMI 101694 × IMI 101695, were tested for their mating type to determine the genetic control of their incompatibility system. Of these, 228 were+, 305 were-, and 7 were self-fertile strains. The tetrad analysis from 10 asci revealed that the ratio between + and - is 1:1. The analysis also suggested that the significant deviation from a 1:1 ratio between + and - in the 540 randomly isolated progeny was due to more frequent failure of + type ascospores to germinate than the - type. The microconidia isolated from the 7 self-fertile strains yielded either + or - colonies, indicating that the strains were not the homothallic recombinants.Nearly 6% of F1 progeny, though they produced limited numbers of pseudocleistothecia or cleistothecial initials, did not mate successfully with parental strains. It was possible, however, to determine the mating type of these strains by sib-crossings. Variations in size and shape of macro- and microconidia, in p...
The impact of psychotherapy treatments of different length and type on health behaviour during a five-year follow-up

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychotherapy treatments of different lengths, number of sessions, and type on health behaviour. Method: A total of 367 patients were monitored for their health behaviour (alcohol consumption, body mass index), serum cholesterol (total and HDL), smoking and exercise) for five years from the start of the therapy. The effectiveness of solution-focused therapy, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, and long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LPP) was examined in a randomized clinical trial, while the LPP group and the non-randomized psychoanalysis (PA) group were compared in a naturalistic design. Results: During the follow-up, an improvement was seen with regard to alcohol consumption, serum HDL cholesterol, and smoking in the LPP and PA groups. No notable differences in health behaviour between the two groups were found, however. During the last two years of the follow-up, changes towards higher alcohol consumption and higher tot...
Reflections on Gallstones

The longer an individual harbors gallstones, the greater the incidence of serious complications. The most common complications are acute cholecystitis, pancreatitis and a stone in the common duct; morbidity and mortality tend to double in patients more than 60 years old. Hopefully, research will lead to effective control of gallstones by diet or medication, or both. Lecithin shows promise in dissolving stones and preventing formation of new ones.
The Influence of Spiritual Framing on African American Women’s Mammography Intentions: A Randomized Trial

Spiritual framing of breast cancer communication may provide a useful strategy for addressing disparate rates of breast cancer mortality among African American women. The efficacy of a spiritually framed breast cancer screening (BCS) message was compared with that of a traditional BCS message. Specifically, 200 African American women were randomly assigned to review either a spiritually framed or traditional BCS message and complete a self-administered survey, including a thought-listing form. Message efficacy was measured by number of thoughts generated (elaboration), ratio of positive to negative thoughts (polarity), and intention to obtain and/or recommend a mammogram. Multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling were used to assess direct and indirect (mediated) associations among variables. Spiritual framing was positively associated with greater elaboration (β = .265, SE = .36, p < .001) and more positive polarity (β = .237, SE = .04, p < .001) . Spiritual framing also had a significant indirect effect on mammography intentions through polarity (standardized indirect effect = .057, 95% confidence interval [.024, .106], p < .001). These results indicate that spiritual framing may improve the efficacy of BCS messages among African American women by eliciting more positive thoughts about screening. Interventions targeting African American women might consider the role of spirituality when tailoring messages to encourage regular mammography use.
What is the Optimal Intensity of Warfarin Therapy in Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

The warfarin anticoagulation treatment could decrease the stroke rate significantly in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation(NVAf).In ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation,the target intensity of international normalized ratio in warfarin therapy is 2.5(from 2.2～3.0)for most patients.Warfarin treatment using INR ranging from 1.6 to 2.5(target 2.0)is recommended for patients older than 75y with high risk of bleeding.There exists a racial difference in anticoagulation treatment between western and eastern patient populations.A recent trial in the China showed that in the Chinese patients with NVAf,the warfarin therapy(INR 1.6~2.5)for the prevention of thromboembolic events was superior to aspirin.Large clinical trials are warranted to investigate the optimal intensity of warfarin therapy in Chinese patient population with NVAf.
Explorative Analysis on Ethical Issues of Intelligent Medical Monitoring System for the Elderly

How to make high-tech products serve and benefit mankind more humanized has become an important subject on both elderly care service and science service area that people should pay attention to. Practical application of high-tech medical monitoring products can solve lots of problems of pension service efficiently. Meanwhile, the product exploitation and application have turned into ethical issue in modern public management from natural science issue. It can be also a typical ethical issue of science and technology refers to high-tech products those are social, popular and universal, and also refers to theoretical exploration and breakthrough of several subjects, such as philosophy, public ethics and law. Regulate and identify with scientific ethics as well as breakthrough of traditional ethical idea are the important aspects of effective use of the medical monitoring system.
Multilevel Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models for the Modeling of Earlywood and Latewood Microfibril Angle

Earlywood and latewood microfibril angle (MFA) was determined at I-millimeter intervals from disks at 1.4 meters, then at 3-meter intervals to a height of 13.7 meters, from 18 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees grown in southeastern Texas. A modified three-parameter logistic function with mixed effects is used for modeling earlywood and latewood MFA. By making the parameters of the logistic function linear functions of height, a three-dimensional model was developed that describes the changes of earlywood and latewood MFA within the tree. A first-order autoregressive correlation structure and a variance model corresponding to a variance covariate given by the fitted values for each wood type, but in which the proportionality constant differs according to the level of wood type. was identified as the within-group correlation and variance structures. Cross-validation was used to determine model accuracy and precision. The methods of model development including determination of the height structure, which parameters should be considered random or fixed, determination of an appropriate variance-covariance structure, and prediction are addressed. Model performance was evaluated utilizing informative statistics including likelihood ratio tests (LRTs), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). FOR. SCI. 5 1 (4):357-371.
Reviving America's failing health care system.

America is now at an important crossroad regarding its health care system, writes H. Wilson Graves, M.A., M.P.A., explaining that Americans increasingly see this system as a "paradox of excess and deprivation." Graves believes increased competition is the only viable alternative to revive our ailing health care system.
Mesenchymal stromal cells and ischemic heart disease: hitting the target?

A recent study by researchers from the Copenhagen University Hospital assessed the impact of marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration in human patients with ischemic heart failure. Outcomes from this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial, which were reported in the European Heart Journal in July of 2015 (1) indicate that intra-myocardial stem cell delivery is well-tolerated and yields measurable improvements in myocardial function. In this study patients receiving MSCs (n=40) or placebo (n=20) exhibited similar baseline characteristics before treatment, and their cardiac function was evaluated at 6 months post-treatment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). Importantly, the study achieved its primary endpoint of efficacy, which was a significant reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) in the MSC treatment group (−7.6±13.2 mL; P=0.001). In contrast, the placebo treatment group showed no significant change in LVESV (5.4±12.5 mL; P=0.07) while the difference between treatment groups was also highly significant (P=0.001). MSC administration also yielded significant improvements in left ventricular enddiastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), systolic volume (SV), and cardiac output (CO) at 6 months post-treatment. None of these parameters were significantly altered in patients receiving placebo, and all but LVEDV differed significantly between treatment groups. MSC administration also resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) mass, end-systolic wall thickness, and reduced scar mass.
Study of data-driven thermal sensation prediction model as a function of local body skin temperatures in a built environment

Abstract Current thermal/sensation models primarily rely on predefined formulas or empirically defined recommendations, but fail to consider each individual's physiological characteristics. Such models frequently ignore occupants' diverse physical conditions and, therefore, have critical limitations in estimating each individual's thermal sensation levels. Since the human body is governed by the thermoregulation principle to balance the heat flux between the ambient thermal condition and the body itself, skin temperature has a significant role in maintaining this physiological principle. Therefore, this study investigated the potential use of skin temperature and its technical parameters in establishing a thermal sensation. By using advanced modern sensing technologies, and existing thermal regulation model research, this study selected and validated seven body areas as significant local body segments for determining overall thermal sensation. A series of environmental chamber tests were conducted for 2 h. While the indoor temperature fluctuated between 20 °C and 30 °C, skin temperatures of the seven selected body areas were measured in conjunction with a thermal sensation and comfort survey. Results of this study revealed that combinations of skin temperatures for the arm, back, and wrist provided the significant information needed to accurately estimate the thermal sensations of each user. Most of all, both sides of the wrist generated accurate data more than 94% of the time. Therefore, considering the modern advanced wearable sensing technologies, results of this study confirmed that optimum combinations of skin temperature information from selected body areas, is reliable and generally applicable for estimating individual thermal sensations.
Marijuana use and maternal experiences of severe nausea during pregnancy in Hawai'i.

Recreational use of marijuana is relatively common in the United States, and medicinal use is gaining popular and legal support. Marijuana has been proposed as a potential treatment for hyperemesis gravidarum. Research into this topic is complicated by associations between marijuana use and poor birth outcomes. Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, which can cause severe nausea and vomiting in marijuana users, is another complicating factor. Hawai‘i Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data from 4,735 respondents were used to estimate prevalence of self-reported marijuana use during and in the month before pregnancy, as well as severe nausea during pregnancy. Data were weighted to be representative of all pregnancies resulting in live births in Hawai‘i between 2009 and 2011. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to estimate associations. Of recently-pregnant women in Hawai‘i, 6.0% reported using marijuana in the month before pregnancy, and 2.6% reported using marijuana during pregnancy. Approximately 21.2% reported severe nausea during pregnancy. Women who reported severe nausea during pregnancy were significantly more likely to report marijuana use during pregnancy (3.7% vs 2.3%; PR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.08–2.44). More research is needed to investigate the relationship between marijuana use and severe nausea during pregnancy, and to quantify associated risks to mother and fetus.
Proceedings of the 10th Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems Workshop

In this 10th workshop, we focus our attention to systems which are designed to work closely with humans. The theme of PerMIS'10 is key role of performance assessment in developing intelligent systems that can co-exist with humans towards improving the quality of our lives intertwined with automation. Adaptability to human-centered collaboration, the ability to cope with unstructured, dynamic environments, and keeping humans out of harm's way have been widely accepted as critical prerequisites. Designing such flexible, smart, and safe systems requires that their performance be quantifiable thereby facilitating emerging technologies and societal acceptance.
Between Huda Sha’rawi’s Memoirs and Harem Years

As one of the leading figures of the 1919 Revolution in Egypt, Huda Sha’rawi played a key role in Egyptian women’s nationalism on both the domestic and international stages. This chapter studies the Arabic (1981) “original” and the English (1987) translation of Sha’rawi’s memoirs to contextualize and complicate the image of Arab women’s involvement in the Egyptian political sphere in the first two decades of the last century. Ayad argues that both versions of Sha’rawi’s memoirs are translations, in the broader sense of the term as a form of adaptation rather than the quest for linguistic transfer and equivalence as they are normally understood.
Perceptions of Work-Life Balance Practices Offered in the Collegiate Practice Setting

Context: Organizational factors have been identified as barriers to finding work-life balance (WLB) in athletic training. Despite the existence of organizational policies to address WLB, little is...
Becoming Entangled: An Analysis of 5th Grade Students Collaborative Multimodal Composing Practices

Abstract This qualitative study explores the ways in which artifacts, spaces, and structures became entangled as two fifth-grade students collaboratively composed multimodal responses to literature (e.g., videos and PowerPoints). Data sources included video and audio recordings of classroom interactions, students’ multimodal compositions, artifacts from the composing process, screen recordings, in-process and final student interviews, surveys, and instructional artifacts. Through an integrated analysis of students’ collaborative composing processes and products, this study traces the material, personal, and interactional resources that students navigate as they compose—and presents a description of how students take on a variety of interactional roles in the creation of their joint work. The findings of this study can be used to shape our understanding of young adolescents’ collaborative multimodal composing practices for academic purposes.
One-Way Analysis of Variance

In Chapter 5 we consider ways to compare the means of two populations. Now we extend these procedures to comparisons of means from several populations. For example, we may wish to compare the average hourly production of a company’s six factories. We say that the investigation has a factor factory that has six levels , namely the six identifiers distinguishing the factories from one another. Or we may wish to compare the yields per acre of five different varieties of wheat. Here, the factor is wheat, and the levels of wheat are variety1 through variety5. This chapter discusses investigations having a single factor. Experiments having two factors are discussed in Chapter 12, while situations with two or more factors are discussed in Chapters 13 and 14
Brainstem Cavernomas, Accessible Lesions: Surgery

Brainstem cavernous malformations are vascular neoplasms located in highly eloquent brain matter. These lesions often hemorrhage and cause a relapsing and remitting course of symptoms followed by gradual improvement after each hemorrhage. Surgery is greatly protective in preventing future bleeds and further neurologic deterioration. The five essential approaches to the brainstem include the orbitozygomatic, retrosigmoid, far-lateral, suboccipital, and supracerebellar infratentorial approach. None of these approaches involve going through brain to enter the brainstem. Entry into the middle cerebellar peduncle or brachium pontis, which can be considered a part of the brainstem, allows access to the pons. At our institution these approaches have been used in the world’s largest surgical experience with brainstem cavernous malformations in both adults and children with excellent outcomes. Nuances of the experience and approaches are described.
The History of School Trust Lands in Nevada: The No Child Left Behind Act of 1864

This Article details the history of the federal school lands grant program in Nevada - the first federal initiative to support public education in the new state. After providing a brief overview of federal land management history in the West, the Article presents the story of school lands in Nevada - tracing its birth in Congress and at the Nevada Constitutional Convention in 1864; analyzing the changes made by state constitutional amendments and court decisions; exploring Congress's attempts to adapt the program to Nevada's needs in the form of the two-million-acre grant of 1880 and the 30,000-acre exchange of 1926; and documenting government abuse and misuse of the Nevada school lands program in the twentieth century. Tracing the history of the school lands grants in Nevada reveals several recurrent themes in federal land law development and the history of the West. First, federal land management policies seldom functioned as intended - due in large part to the pressures of local self-interest. A second and more pervasive reason for the theory/practice disconnect stems from Congress's lack of understanding about the arid American West. Lastly, problems that plagued the school lands grants, as with many national initiatives, implicated the mechanics - and not necessarily the philosophy - of Congress's initiative.
The Prevalence, Trauma, and Sociocultural Causes of Incestuous Abuse of Females

“I just did what he told me to do,” declared Irma Viljoen (pseudonym), a white South African incest survivor who was sexually abused by her stepfather from the age of 8 to 13. Irma, now 25 and recently divorced, has attempted suicide eight times. She was 13 years old when she first tried to kill herself. Her stepfather, Piet Viljoen, succeeded in silencing her until she was almost 16—three years after his marriage to her mother broke up. This is how Irma described his method of silencing her: He threatened to hit me if I ever spoke about it. He used to sit there in the afternoons with his gun and threaten me. At a later stage when I went to boarding school, he threatened to kill me. When I was about 10 or 11, he made me watch two movies and then do what the women did in them. In one of the movies a lot of men raped a woman and did whatever else they wanted to her. The other movie showed a woman being cut up alive after the men had sex with her. My stepfather threatened to do the same to me if I told anyone what he was doing to me. That is why I would rather have died than tell anyone. The movies pumped into my head that “this is my life.” (Russell, 1993a, p. 10)
19 – Biomedical Devices and Biomaterials

This chapter discusses about biomedical devices and biomaterials. The purpose of this chapter is to describe and define the major biomaterials used as biomedical implants or biomedical devices in humans and animals; and to discuss methods of assessing the anticipated and abnormal reactions associated with these implants. Biomedical implants are composed of a wide variety of materials ranging from inert elements to highly reactive chemicals or composites. Biomedical implants also span the range from a single known element, such as titanium, to living cells or tissues initially derived from the host organism. A biomedical device is a device used temporarily or permanently, externally or internally, to diagnose conditions or to preserve, restore, or augment structure or function in the body. Devices include clinical chemistry analyzers, contact lenses, MRI units, artificial hearts, syringes, needles, and breast implants. The chapter focuses on those materials and devices that are primarily synthetic or composite in nature and design.
Saudi Arabia's rapprochement with Israel: the national security imperatives

The purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of Israel's relations with Saudi Arabia since the establishment of the Jewish state in 1948. The author explains how the major events in the ...
Deep learning-based three-dimensional segmentation of the prostate on computed tomography images.

Segmentation of the prostate in computed tomography (CT) is used for planning and guidance of prostate treatment procedures. However, due to the low soft-tissue contrast of the images, manual delineation of the prostate on CT is a time-consuming task with high interobserver variability. We developed an automatic, three-dimensional (3-D) prostate segmentation algorithm based on a customized U-Net architecture. Our dataset contained 92 3-D abdominal CT scans from 92 patients, of which 69 images were used for training and validation and the remaining for testing the convolutional neural network model. Compared to manual segmentation by an expert radiologist, our method achieved 83 % ± 6 % for Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 2.3 ± 0.6 mm for mean absolute distance (MAD), and 1.9 ± 4.0 cm3 for signed volume difference (ΔV). The average recorded interexpert difference measured on the same test dataset was 92% (DSC), 1.1 mm (MAD), and 2.1 cm3 (ΔV). The proposed algorithm is fast, accurate, and robust for 3-D segmentation of the prostate on CT images.
Social Media Freaks: Digital Identity in the Network Society

Does social media reproduce existing inequalities, or is it a tool for subverting them? This is the pressing question sociologist Dustin Kidd poses in Social Media Freaks: Digital Identity in the N...
Detection of Dominant Intra-prostatic Lesions in Patients With Prostate Cancer Using an Artificial Neural Network and MR Multi-modal Radiomics Analysis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify and rank discriminant radiomics features extracted from MR multi-modal images to construct an adaptive model for characterization of Dominant Intra-prostatic Lesions (DILs) from normal prostatic gland tissues (NT). Methods and Materials: Two cohorts were retrospectively studied: Group A consisted of 98 patients and Group B 19 patients. Two image modalities were acquired using a 3.0T MR scanner: Axial T2 Weighted (T2W) and axial diffusion weighted (DW) imaging. A linear regression method was used to construct apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from DW images. DILs and the NT in the mirrored location were drawn on each modality. One hundred and sixty-eight radiomics features were extracted from DILs and NT. A Partial-Least-Squares-Correlation (PLSC) with one-way ANOVA along with bootstrapping ratio techniques were recruited to identify and rank the most discriminant latent variables. An artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed based on the optimal latent variable feature to classify the DILs and NTs. Nineteen patients were randomly chosen to test the contour variability effect on the radiomics analysis and the performance of the ANN. Finally, the trained ANN and a two dimension (2D) convolutional sampling method were combined and used to estimate DIL-NT probability map for two test cases. Results: Among 168 radiomics-based latent variables, only the first four variables of each modality in the PLSC space were found to be significantly different between the DILs and NTs. Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUROC), Positive Predictive and Negative Predictive values (PPV and NPV) for the conventional method were 94%, 0.95, and 0.92, respectively. When the feature vector was randomly permuted 10,000 times, a very strong permutation-invariant efficiency (p < 0.0001) was achieved. The radiomic-based latent variables of the NTs and DILs showed no statistically significant differences (Fstatistic < Fc = 4.11 with Confidence Level of 95% for all 8 variables) against contour variability. Dice coefficients between DIL-NT probability map and physician contours for the two test cases were 0.82 and 0.71, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the high performance of combining radiomics information extracted from multimodal MR information such as T2WI and ADC maps, and adaptive models to detect DILs in patients with PCa.
Metastatic Colon and Rectal Cancer: Role of Multidisciplinary Team-Based Management

A significant proportion of patients with colorectal cancers presents with metastatic disease. The goals of the treatment for these patients can range from curative to palliative intent. Appropriate management often requires adopting a multidisciplinary approach involving numerous specialists. This article describes the clinical situations faced by these patients and the roles of the specialists that are involved in the care of these patients.
Boosting solid oxide fuel cell performance via electrolyte thickness reduction and cathode infiltration

Increasing the power density and reducing the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is important for improving commercial viability. Here we discuss two strategies for achieving such improvements in Ni–YSZ supported SOFCs – electrolyte thickness reduction and cathode infiltration. Microstructural and electrochemical results are presented showing the effect of reducing YSZ/GDC electrolyte thickness from 8 to 2.5 μm, and the effect of PrOx infiltration into the LSCF–GDC cathode. Both of these measures are effective, particularly at lower temperatures, leading to an increase in the maximum power density at 650 °C from 0.4 to 0.95 W cm−2, for example. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy utilizing subtractive analysis shows that PrOx enhances the cathode charge transfer process. Reducing the electrolyte thickness reduces not only the cell ohmic resistance but also the electrode polarization resistance. The latter effect appears to be an artifact associated with a slight increase in the steam partial pressure at the anode due to minor gas leakage across the thinner electrolyte.
Phencyclidine and marijuana exposure in utero

Abstract The rate of illicit drug abuse during pregnancy has been on the increase in recent years. Intrauterine exposure to illicit drugs may be teratogenic to the fetus. We present a case of a pregnant woman with a history of marijuana and phencyclidine (PCP) abuse. After delivery, PCP was detected in her baby’s urine using both the screening immunoassay and confirmatory liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Meconium sample was sent to a reference laboratory where it was analyzed by immunoassay with positive test results for PCP and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Exposure of fetuses to both THC and PCP may predispose them to intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, and other fetal developmental defects.
Breaking Out Without Selling Out

Based on a theoretical framework that addresses the “motive inference problem,” I identify when and why expansion may be interpreted as betrayal by original customers and when original customers ma...
Predictors of long-term use of prescription opioids in the community-dwelling population of adults without a cancer diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND Long-term opioid use is a known risk factor for opioid-related harms. We aimed to identify risk factors for and predictors of long-term use of prescription opioids in the community-dwelling population of adults without a diagnosis of cancer, to inform practice change at the point of care. METHODS Using Quebec administrative claims databases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in a random sample of adult members (≥ 18 yr) of the public drug plan who did not have a cancer diagnosis and who initiated a prescription opioid in the outpatient setting between Jan. 1, 2012, and Dec. 31, 2016. The outcome of interest was long-term opioid use (≥ 90 consecutive days or ≥ 120 cumulative days over 12 mo). Potential predictors included sociodemographic factors, medical history, characteristics of the initial opioid prescription and prescriber's specialty. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between each characteristic and long-term use. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to determine the predictive performance of full and parsimonious models. RESULTS Of 124 664 eligible patients who initiated opioid therapy, 4172 (3.3%) progressed to long-term use of prescription opioids. The most important associated factors in the adjusted analysis were long-term prescription of acetaminophen-codeine (odds ratio [OR] 6.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.99 to 7.96), prescription of a long-acting opioid at initiation (OR 6.02, 95% CI 5.31 to 6.84), initial supply of 30 days or more (OR 4.22, 95% CI 3.81 to 4.69), chronic pain (OR 2.41, 95% CI 2.16 to 2.69) and initial dose of at least 90 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per day (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47). Our predictive model, including only the initial days' supply and chronic pain diagnosis, had area under the curve of 0.7618. INTERPRETATION This study identified factors associated with long-term prescription opioid use. Limiting the initial supply to no more than 7 days and limiting doses to 90 MME/day or less are actions that could be undertaken at the point of care.
Remote Monitoring for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Used in Heart Failure

Technological advancements have enabled the ability of implanted cardiac devices to communicate remotely with treating physicians. When implemented correctly, a remote monitoring program significantly improves patient care by providing a convenient method to check device function and monitor for arrhythmias and certain physiological parameters. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the essential components of an effective remote monitoring program and discuss how to overcome challenges that may be encountered.
Evaluation of coagulation parameters in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles.

Background Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Limited information is available on the coagulation status of dogs with GBM. Hypothesis/objectives To determine patterns of coagulation alterations in dogs with GBM and correlate them with clinicopathologic abnormalities and ultrasonographic findings of disease severity. Animals Twenty-three dogs with GBM identified on ultrasound examination were prospectively enrolled. Methods At the time of GBM identification, blood and urine were collected for CBC, serum biochemical panel, urinalysis, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), factor VIII, protein C (PC), von Willebrand's factor (vWF), antithrombin activity, fibrinogen, D-dimers, and thromboelastrography (TEG). Gallbladder mucoceles were classified into ultrasound types 1 to 5. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation, underlying conditions and to determine if systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was present. Results Based on TEG parameters, maximal amplitude, and G, 19/23 (83%) of dogs with GBM had evaluations consistent with hypercoagulability. On plasma-based coagulation testing, dogs with GBM had increased total PC activity (20/23, 87%), fibrinogen (9/23, 39%), platelet count (9/23, 39%), and D-dimers (6/15, 40%) as well as prolongations in aPTT (9/22, 41%) and low vWF activity (5/21, 24%). No correlation was found between TEG G value and any coagulation or clinical pathology variables, ultrasound stage of GBM or disease severity as assessed by the presence of SIRS. Conclusions and clinical importance Dogs with ultrasonographically identified GBM have changes in whole blood kaolin-activated TEG supporting a hypercoagulable state although traditional plasma-based coagulation testing suggests that a complex state of hemostasis exists.
Special foster care for exceptional children:: A review of programs and policies

Abstract This article reviews programs and policies regarding alternative home care for exceptional and special-needs foster children. While some focus is placed on program evaluation and efficacy of these specialized foster homes, the major thrust of the review is to identify major procedural underpinnings of successful programs for special needs foster children. These include: (a) appropriate selection of qualified therapeutic parents; (b) preservice training of parents; (c) matching of child to abilities of parents; (d) high-intensity and high-frequency casework and consultation; and (e) professional status for the specialized foster parents. Special foster care programs which have been evaluated offer generally high levels of success and goal attainment at much lower per diem rates than institutional care. Summary policies and recommendations are forwarded.
On interacting bee/mite populations: a stochastic model with analysis using cumulant truncation

Parasitism by the Varroa mite has had recent drastic impact on both managed and feral bee colonies. This paper proposes a stochastic population dynamics model for interacting African bee colony and Varroa mite populations. Cumulant truncation procedures are used to obtain approximate transient cumulant functions, unconstrained by the usual assumption of bivariate Normality, for an assumed large-scale model. The apparent size of the variance and skewness functions suggest the importance of the proposed truncation procedure which retains some higher-order cumulants, but determining the accuracy of the approximations is problematical. A smaller-scale bee/Varroa mite model is hence proposed and investigated. The accuracy for the means is exceptional, for the second-order cumulants is moderate, and for some third-order cumulants is poor. Notwithstanding the poor accuracy of a skewness approximation, the saddlepoint approximations for the marginal transient population size distributions are excellent. The cumulant truncation methodology is very general, and research is continuing in its application to this new class of host-parasite models.
Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium of High-Redshift Galaxies: Mass Budget and Gas Excitation

Following the first pioneering efforts in the 1990s that have focused on the detection of the molecular interstellar medium in high redshift galaxies, recent years have brought great advances in our understanding of the actual physical properties of the gas that set the conditions for star formation. Observations of the ground-state CO J=1-0 line have furnished crucial information on the total masses of the gas reservoirs, as well as reliable dynamical mass and size estimates. Detailed studies of rotational ladders of CO have provided insight on the temperature and density of the gas. Investigations of the very dense gas associated with actively star-forming regions in the interstellar medium, most prominently through HCN and HCO+, have enabled a better understanding of the nature of the extreme starbursts found in many high-redshift galaxies, which exceed the star formation rates of their most active present-day counterparts by an order of magnitude. Key progress in this area has been made through targeted studies of few, well-selected systems with current facilities. With the completion of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Atacama Large (sub)Millimeter Array, it will become possible to develop a more general framework for the interpretation of these investigations based on unbiased studies of "normal" star-forming galaxies back to the earliest cosmic epochs.
On the Physiological Basis of Vitamin A-Stimulated Growth

The influence of vitamin A depletion on tissue composition was studied in rats that were marginally vitamin A deficient, i.e. at their weight plateau stage. The total number of cells (DNA) was decreased in most organs as a result of vitamin A depletion. In thymus, spleen and the sublingual glands there was also a dramatic reduction in the number of cells per gram of tissue and in thymus and sublingual glands there was an increase in the protein to DNA ratio as a result of absence of dietary.vitamin A. We present the hypothesis that vitamin A stimulates growth by a direct role in cell replication in addition to or instead of stimulating the differentiation of epithelial and bone cells.
Non-Walrasian Labor Market and the European Business Cycle

This paper investigates to what extent a New Keynesian, monetary model with the addition of a microfounded, non-Walrasian labor market based on union bargaining is able to replicate key aspects of the European business cycle. The presence of a representative union permits to explain two features of the cycle. First, it generates an endogenous mechanism which produces persistent responses of the economy to both supply and demand shocks. Second, labor unionization causes a lower elasticity of marginal costs to output. This leads to lower inflation volatility. The model can replicate the negative correlation between productivity shocks and employment in the data. Model simulations show the superiority of the unionized framework to reproduce European business cycle statistics relative to a model with competitive labor market.
Magnetic coil stimulation of the human lumbosacral vertebral column: site of stimulation and clinical application

We describe the technique of magnetic coil (MC) stimulation of the lumbosacral roots and the possible site of stimulation in 22 control subjects, and the clinical usefulness of MC stimulation in 5 patients with low back pain. We observed 2 components in the compound muscle action potential of the soleus muscle following MC stimulation over the lumbosacral region. The second component had the physiological properties of the H reflex. The conduction time from the anterior horn cells of the lumbosacral spinal cord to the site of nerve root stimulation over the lumbosacral vertebral column was indirectly calculated as between 3.9 and 4.1 msec. Assuming a conduction velocity of 50 m/sec this would represent a distance of approximately 20 cm from the spinal motor neurons. Based on our control and patient data we conclude that the MC stimulation may be an useful technique for the diagnosis of lumbosacral radiculoplexopathy.
Development of antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence following morphine i.c.v. infusion in mice.

The chronic i.c.v. infusion of morphine has been reported for rats but not for mice. In the current report, the antinociceptive tolerance to both i.c.v. morphine infusion and s.c. implantation of morphine pellets in mice was compared. Physical dependence after i.c.v. morphine infusion was also evaluated. Osmotic minipumps were filled with morphine (50 mM), connected to i.c.v. cannulae, and implanted s.c. to deliver 50 nmol/h for 3 days (i.e., 3.6 μmol total). Robust jumping precipitated by naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.) indicated the development of physical dependence. Tolerance to i.c.v., i.t., and i.v. morphine (6.3-, 2.0-, and 4.4-fold, respectively) was observed using the tail flick test. Mice implanted with pellets containing 75 mg morphine for 3 days (i.e., ∼260 μmol total) were also tolerant to morphine (6.5-, 7.5- and 18-fold, respectively). Thus, the tolerance developed using the two methods was not identical. These results allow comparison of morphine tested by 3 different routes (i.c.v., i.t., and i.v.) after chronic morphine treatment by two routes (i.c.v. and s.c.) in a single study.
Analysis of the relaxation response induced by various forms of pulse perturbation of coupled chemical equilibria

Abstract In transient relaxation method studies of fast reactions, if the rate of response of the chemical system is comparable with that of the perturbation, the exact shape of the forcing function must be taken into account in the kinetic treatment of the relaxation response. An analysis of the transient response of multiple coupled equilibria using Laplace transform is presented for various forms of step or impulse perturbation. The method enables one to calculate the relaxation amplitudes for an unrestricted number of coupled chemical equilibria. Various aspects of the analysis of the relaxation response are discussed.
Effects of correlated fading on frequency-hop communications with Reed-Solomon coding

The transmission of frequency-hop spread-spectrum signals over a frequency-selective fading channel results in correlation between the amplitudes of signals that occupy different frequency slots. This correlation produces dependent errors among symbols transmitted at different frequencies. For a system that employs block coding, this dependence results in dependent errors, even if the code symbols are interleaved over the dwell intervals. Using an appropriate mathematical model for wideband frequency-selective fading channel, we present analytical results on the code-word error probability for a simple coding scheme and simulation results for more complex codes.
Meperidine and normeperidine convulsions in mice: Possible opiate and serotonergic mechanisms

The effects of naloxone and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) pretreatment on convulsions induced by meperidine and normeperidine were studied in male Swiss-Webster mice. The CD50 (95% confidence limits) was found to be 17.5 mg/kg (15.6–19.6) for meperidine and 38.0 mg/kg (36.2–39.9) for normeperidine administered intravenously. Convulsions induced by meperidine (17.5 mg/kg) were significantly attenuated by naloxone (30 mg/kg) pretreatment but not by 5-HTP pretreatment alone. Normeperidine (38.0 mg/kg) induced convulsions were significantly attenuated by 5-HTP pretreatment, but not by naxolone pretreatment. The administration of a combined dose of meperidine and normeperidine does not produce a supra-additive response.
Evaluation and people of color— a response to Professor Stanfield

Inappropriate racial categorizations of minorities have routinely infected evaluations and social research. By adhering to principles of democracy, evaluators can avoid such damaging effects in their work. Specifically, they should be aware of historical miscategorizations and engage in inclusion, dialogue, and deliberation which includes minorities as active participants.
First order Raman effect in III–V compounds

Abstract We report the first infrared observation of the Raman spectra of single crystal GaAs, InP, AlSb and GaP at room temperature and liquid helium temperature, and also at 200°C for GaP.