cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Quinidine and Propranolol on the Intracellular Distribution of 45Ca In Rat Heart

The intracellular distribution of 45Ca in the rat heart was studied following separate and combined administration of quinidine and propranolol. Both drugs caused an increased uptake of 45Ca in the nuclear-cell membrane fraction but quinidine suppressed the uptake in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions whereas propranolol did not affect the uptake of 45Ca in these fractions. In addition, there was an increase in serum radioactivity noted with quinidine which was not observed with propranolol. Combined treatment resulted in restoration of normal values for blood and mitochondrial fractions and an increased uptake of 45Ca in the microsomal fraction.
Insights into the structure–activity relationship of the anticancer compound ZJ-101: A critical role played by the cyclohexene ring

Abstract Compound ZJ-101, a structurally simplified analog of the marine natural product superstolide A, was previously developed in our laboratory. In the subsequent structure–activity relationship study, a new analog ZJ-102 was designed and synthesized to probe the importance of the cyclohexenyl group through its replacement to a phenyl group using a concise and convergent synthetic approach. The biological evaluation showed that this new analog ZJ-102 is significantly less active against cancer cells in vitro than ZJ-101, suggesting that the cyclohexenyl ring (along with its two stereogenic centers) present in ZJ-101 is important for its anticancer activity.
Evaluation of control effect of occupational hazards in the polymer injection station project of a certain oilfield

[Objective]To identify,analyze and assess the potential occupational hazards in the polymer injection station project of a certain oilfield,and put forward preventive measures against occupational hazards.[Methods]Based on "Hygienic Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprises" and other standards,the construction project was evaluated by using the field investigation and check list methods.[Results] The personal protection articles,architectural hygiene,auxiliary rooms and occupational health management met the basic health requirements.However,improvements are needed in regard of the occupational protection equipment and emergency response.[Conclusion]The enterprise should enhance protection facilities construction against occupational hazards.
Analysis of Principles for Natural Smoke Exhaust of Tunnel Shaft

The principles of natural smoke exhaust for tunnel shaft were analyzed,from water conservancy analysis of tunnel shaft,fire-heating air pressure(FAP)and the factors affecting the natural smoke exhaust.It provides the necessary theoretical basis for better research on structure and collocation of tunnel shaft.
Study on iodine nutritional status and its influencing factors among pregnant women in rural and urban areas of Hefei City

Objective To explore the iodine nutritional status among pregnant women in rural and urban areas of Hefei,and provide scientific evidence for iodine intake among pregnant. Methods Iodine nutritional status of pregnant in Changfeng County( 100) and Baohe District( 108) were collected by the ways of cluster sampling. The rate of qualified iodized salt,water iodine content,urine iodine concentration,thyroid stimulating hormone( TSH),free thyroxine( FT4),free triiodothyronine( FT3),total thyroxine( TT4) and total-triiodothyronine( TT3) were analyzed. Results The rates of qualified iodized salt were 98. 1% in urban,and 97. 9% in rural. The median of the water iodine content were 4. 5μg / L in urban area,and 10. 3μg / L in rural area. There was significant difference between urban and rural areas. The median of urine iodine concentration was 161. 8 μg / L in all case. The general level of urine iodine concentration was low. The median of urine iodine concentration were 142. 5 μg / L in urban area,and 196. 5 μg / L in rural area. There was significant difference between urban and rural areas. The significant differences were found in FT4,TT4,and TT3between the two groups. The results of Logistic regression showed that heavy manual labor and eat seafood occasionally were two influencing factors, which were related to optimal level of iodine nutrition status. Conclusions The general level of iodine nutrition was adverse. 43. 8% of pregnant are inadequate level and 24. 5% of pregnant in the ultra-appropriate level,which should be paid more attention. The status of iodine nutrition in rural area was better than in urban area.
Neuroscience on the World Wide Web

There has been an explosion in the number of World Wide Web sites on the Internet dedicated to neuroscience. With a little direction, it is possible to navigate around the Web and find databases containing information indispensable to both basic and clinical neuroscientists. This article reviews some Web sites of particular interest. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:276–280, 1997
Imaging of Track and Field Injuries

Track and field is a popular sport worldwide. Injuries are common in track and field athletes and may occur during both training and competition. Most track and field injuries involve the lower extremity with muscle strains and ligament sprains being the most common diagnoses. Various imaging modalities are available to evaluate the cause of musculoskeletal pain in track and field athletes. Radiographs, computed tomography, and nuclear medicine scintigraphy can evaluate the osseous structures, while ultrasound can assess the tendons, muscles, and superficial ligaments in these individuals. MRI, however, is best suited to evaluate the injured track and field athlete since it can provide comprehensive assessment of all structures that can be sources of acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. This chapter will review the spectrum of injuries that occur in track and field athletes and will discuss the pathogenesis and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the more common injuries seen in these individuals.
Líquen plano: a história de uma cooperação de sucesso

Introduction: Skin complaints are a common cause for visits to the primary care physician. This case report describes a patient diagnosed with lichen planus, which is an uncommon health problem. It is a chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated disease of unknown etiology that affects from 0.2 to 5% of the population. Case report: A 60 year-old male patient, previously in good health, saw his family physician in October 2014 complaining of pruritic papules on the hands, trunk, back and feet, which appeared one month before. He also had pain on pressure over his fingernails. Physical examination showed polygonal, flat, well-defined purple papules, grouped and confluent, on the anterior surface of the wrists, chest, back, and the ventral region of the ankle. The patient also presented nail clubbing, erythema on the anterior surface of the hands, periungueal erythema affecting the matrix, thinning, and longitudinal grooves of the nail surface and pain on palpation of the root of the nails. The primary care physician requested dermatology consultation via the on-line referral service (ALERT®). The dermatologist suggested the diagnosis of lichen planus. The patient began therapy with a topical corticosteroid, which was not helpful. He subsequently started treatment with griseofulvin, 500mg per day, which was effective. Comment: This case report emphasizes the importance of communication between specialists to address the patient’s problems, in order to expedite treatment and improve quality of life.
Post-apocalyptic Tris

Popular culture is full of post-apocalyptic visions these days, especially the fiction and movies aimed at young adults. The plot usually features a variegated band of survivors crossing a wasteland in search of a place of peaceful plenty that may or may not exist. Ruined cityscapes poke out of the sand. The survivors have nothing in common and don’t even get along well with each other, at least at first. The communities they encounter along the way tend to be militarized dictatorships, patriarchal cults, or cannibals. There is a mysterious, lanky man in scuffed boots who claims to know the way, on the basis of arcane knowledge from Before.
Collingridge's dilemma and the early ethical assessment of emerging technology: The case of nanotechnology enabled biosensors

Abstract Early ethics assessment of technological innovations promises to produce greater sensitivity to the potential for unfair impacts and problems of consent and distrust, yet faces a key challenge: ethical issues are hard to consider in advance. For technology, Collingridge (1980) describes a dilemma in which design inevitably comes before ethical assessment since the design influences heavily how the technology will interact with society. In this paper, we review an approach we undertook to early ethical assessment of nanobiosensors adapted for traceability systems to enhance food safety and animal and plant health monitoring. The approach is based on “expert committee” methods for integrating information from a range of disciplinary perspectives. It attempts to address the dilemma of early assessment through an integrative workshop discussion of how nanobiosensors should be represented during public engagement. Following the workshop, we conducted a metanalysis of the discussion transcript. The metanalysis shows that while the workshop approach responds to preliminary needs for the development of ethical assessment tools and processes, it also highlights inescapable challenges of ethical analysis. We identify key challenges and discuss their theoretical implications and implications for participatory assessment. We consider workshop discussion itself, and we consider the workshop as modeling one part of a cumulative process of assessment.
Contribution of immunology to implantation failure of euploid embryos.

Outcomes in assisted reproduction have seen marked improvement. With increased ability in the embryology laboratory to use extended embryo culture which in turn enables other selective techniques, such as trophectoderm biopsy and comprehensive chromosome screening, the chance of success per embryo transfer is increased. However, even the selection of a euploid blastocyst, which selects out many embryonic factors, does not yield successful implantation and ultimately delivery in all cases. Among the factors that affect implantation failure of apparently reproductively competent embryos, the immune system has been perhaps both the most plausible and the most debated. There are data on T-helper cells, in particular the TH1-TH2 balance, peripheral and uterine natural killer cells, and autoantibodies, all of which have been shown to have variable effects on implantation. Many investigators have developed and used a wide range of immune tests and treatments aimed at manipulating the milieu to favor implantation. Although it is certain that the immune system plays a role in implantation, our understanding of the physiology, let alone the pathophysiology, remains incomplete. It is imperative that we gain more clear evidence of causes and test and implement treatment paradigms. In the meantime, immune testing or empirical treatment with the use of immune modulators must be approached with caution.
Neural Networks and Synaptic Transmission in Immature Hippocampus

During the last decade numerous reports have described a previously unappreciated but nonetheless common process of central nervous system development: the transient overproduction of axonal projections early in postnatal life. Several groups have shown that during maturation terminal axonal branches are pruned and long axonal collaterals degenerate (for review see Cowan et al., 1984; Easter et al., 1985; Stanfield, 1984). With axon elimination, associated synapses would also be lost. Consistent with this are results of ultrastructural studies that have shown that the density of synapses in cortex early in postnatal life is higher than in the adult (Huttenlocher et al., 1982; Huttenlocher, 1984; Rakic et al., 1986). Elimination of functional synapses has been shown to occur at both the neuromuscular junction and in autonomic ganglion during maturation (Purves and Lichturan, 1980). One example of functional synapse regression in the central nervous system is the transient multiple innervation of Purkinje cells by climbing fibers (Crepel, 1982).
A Spectral Clustering Approach to Speaker Diarization

In this paper, we present a spectral clustering approach to explore the possibility of discovering structure from audio data. To apply the Ng-Jordan-Weiss (NJW) spectral clustering algorithm to speaker diarization, we propose some domain specific solutions to the open issues of this algorithm: choice of metric; selection of scaling parameter; estimation of the number of clusters. Then, a postprocessing step ‐ “Cross EM refinement” ‐ is conducted to further improve the performance of spectral learning. In experiments, this approach has performance very similar to the traditional hierarchical clustering on the audio data of Japanese Parliament Panel Discussions, but it runs much faster than the latter. Index Terms: Speaker Diarization, Spectral Clustering, Cross EM refinement, BIC.
Independent source architecture for developing FPGA-based physical layer security techniques

This paper describes and verifies a method of implementing bit error rate (BER) calculation for FPGA-based physical layer security techniques for Software Defined Radio (SDR). Specifically, we describe an independent source signal processing architecture for an efficient calculation of BER for wireless communication modules across the transmitter and receiver nodes. The source components at the transmitter and the receiver both generate identical random bits independently from each other, allowing for the received data to be compared to the original bit stream to calculate BER completely on hardware. The described method is implemented on a Xilinx Virtex-6 ML605 FPGA and reduces processing time by more than four orders of magnitude less than hardware simulation techniques in regression testing and validation over billions of bits, shortening design turn around times and accelerating Physical layer based security development for wireless communication research. The described independent source approach utilizes a minimal amount of board resources, allowing it to be integrated seamlessly into SDR hardware designs. Experimental validation of the independent source based BER calculation is performed for an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing signal, and a comparison between different stages of hardware design for the execution time required for BER testing of a large number of bits is provided.
Unique predictors and economic burden of superficial and deep/organ space surgical site infections following pancreatectomy.

Abstract Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common following pancreatectomy and associated with significant morbidity and economic burden. We sought to identify distinct predictors for superficial versus deep/organ space SSIs and their effects on surgical outcomes. Methods ACS-NSQIP targeted pancreatectomy 2014 and 2015 databases were queried. Univariate and multivariate models were developed for both types of SSI, length of stay (LOS), and readmission. Costs were estimated based on Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) recommendations. Results Of 8093 patients, there were 422 (5.2%) superficial and 1005 (12.4%) deep/organ space SSIs. On multivariate analyses, preoperative biliary stenting was predictive only for superficial SSI (OR: 2.21), while BMI of 25–29.9 (OR: 1.25) and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (OR: 1.53), pancreatic duct size Conclusion Deep/organ space SSI contributes more profoundly to prolonged hospital stay, readmission, and additional costs, suggesting that strategies should focus on preferential prevention of deep/organ space infections.
Bioinspired Mineral–Organic Bioresorbable Bone Adhesive

Bioresorbable bone adhesives have potential to revolutionize the clinical treatment of the human skeletal system, ranging from the fixation and osteointegration of permanent implants to the direct healing and fusion of bones without permanent fixation hardware. Despite an unmet need, there are currently no bone adhesives in clinical use that provide a strong enough bond to wet bone while possessing good osteointegration and bioresorbability. Inspired by the sandcastle worm that creates a protective tubular shell around its body using a proteinaceous adhesive, a novel bone adhesive is introduced, based on tetracalcium phosphate and phosphoserine, that cures in minutes in an aqueous environment and provides high bone-to-bone adhesive strength. The new material is measured to be 10 times more adhesive than bioresorbable calcium phosphate cement and 7.5 times more adhesive than non-resorbable poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement, both of which are standard of care in the clinic today. The bone adhesive also demonstrates chemical adhesion to titanium approximately twice that of its adhesion to bone, unlocking the potential for adherence to metallic implants during surrounding bony incorporation. Finally, the bone adhesive is shown to demonstrate osteointegration and bioresorbability over a 52-week period in a critically sized distal femur defect in rabbits.
PROMIS: a valid and efficient outcomes instrument for patients with ACL tears.

The current study compares the Patient Reported Outcomes Information System Physical Function Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS PF CAT) to traditional knee PRO instruments in a healthy population undergoing surgery for ACL injuries with the following objectives: (1) identify and determine the strength of any correlations between the scores of PROMIS PF CAT and current knee PROs or their subscales that measure physical function; (2) evaluate PROMIS PF CAT’s test burden; and (3) determine if PROMIS PF CAT has any floor or ceiling effects in this population. Patients indicated for ACL surgery completed the Short Form-36 Physical Function (SF-36 PF), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Marx Knee Activity Rating Scale (Marx), the EuroQol 5-dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and PROMIS PF CAT. Correlations between PROs were defined as follows: High (≥ 0.7); high–moderate (0.61–0.69); moderate (0.4–0.6); moderate–weak (0.31–0.39); and weak (≤ 0.3). Floor or ceiling effects were considered significant if 15% or more patients reported the lowest or highest possible total score, respectively. 100 patients participated with a mean age of 26 years (range 11–57). The PROMIS PF CAT demonstrated high correlations with SF-36 PF (r = 0.82, p < 0.01), EQ-5D (r = − 0.70, p < 0.01) KOOS ADL (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), and KOOS Sport (r = 0.70, p < 0.01). There were no ceiling or floor effects for PROMIS PF CAT (0%). The mean number of items completed for the PROMIS PF CAT was 4.2 (median 4; range 4–11). The PROMIS PF CAT shows a high correlation with commonly employed PROs that also measure physical function with low test burden and without ceiling effects in this relatively young and healthy population.
Biomethane production potential of slaughterhouse waste in the United States

Abstract Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a promising technology to treat slaughterhouse waste (SHW) for the bioenergy production, nutrient recovery, and pathogen reduction. Three scenarios of estimating the biomethane potential from SHW of the US and the individual States have been conducted in this study. The US meat producers discharged 18.4 million metric ton (MT) SHW in 2016, which can potentially generate 22.7 × 109 kWh of biomethane. In Texas State, up to 2.3 × 109 kWh year−1 of energy can be potentially produced from AD of SHW and up to 106.3% of natural gas currently used in the Nebraska State for electricity generation can potentially be replaced with biomethane produced from the AD of its SHW. The technical challenges using SHW as the feedstock of AD process in the US have been summarized, including nitrogen and sulfur inhibition, foaming, sterilization, digestate disposal, supply chain etc. In addition, case studies were conducted by proposing an AD plant treating SHW from a typical slaughterhouse in a U.S. State that mostly processes the broiler, swine, and bovine. In our case studies, a net energy of 17,009–85,278 kWh d−1 is estimated to be generated from such AD plant. Therefore, producing biomethane from SHW can significantly promote bioenergy production in the US, thus enhancing the quick reach of bioenergy development targets set at the Federal and State levels, while overcoming the technical and management barriers of using SHW.
Plausible folk theories: throwing veils of plausibility over zones of ignorance in global governance

In an age of expertise, where knowledge ostensibly reigns, global governance not infrequently settles for ignorance. To understand this puzzle, this article draws upon extensive empirical research on two sites within the global governance of finance. One is directed to the suppression of money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism by the Financial Action Task Force and International Monetary Fund. Another intends to stimulate the supply of otherwise scarce money to financial markets through global lawmaking by the UN Commission on International Trade Law. In both cases vast enterprises of global regulation and lawmaking proceed on weakly founded justificatory rhetorics designated here as 'plausible folk theories.' Six properties make a folk theory plausible: parsimony, face validity, rhetorical compactness, ambiguity, affinity with extant beliefs, and unexamined premises and logics. Plausible folk theories offer organizational benefits to IOs. They also allow a politics of temporality that may shorten temporal horizons, or weaken and eliminate IO accountability. Finally, three variants of ignorance contribute to choices by international organizations not to get beyond plausible folk theories to justify their regulatory and lawmaking initiatives: inadvertent ignorance, willful ignorance, and strategic or rational ignorance.
Tourism and wellness: travel for the good of all?

I approach this book from the perspective of having worked in the wellness industry for several years as a licensed massage therapist in Florida, Georgia, and Arizona. The high-end resorts I worked...
Phase I trial of PTK787/ZK222584 (PTK/ZK) in combination with carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (T) in platinum-sensitive recurrent epithelial ovarian (EOC), fallopian tube (FT), or primary peritoneal (PPC) cancers

5564 Background: Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients (pts) with ovarian cancer achieves objective responses. PTK/ZK is an orally active angiogenesis inhibitor which bloc...
Wildfire prevention through prophylactic treatment of high-risk landscapes using viscoelastic retardant fluids.

Polyphosphate fire retardants are a critical tactical resource for fighting fires in the wildland and in the wildland–urban interface. Yet, application of these retardants is limited to emergency suppression strategies because current formulations cannot retain fire retardants on target vegetation for extended periods of time through environmental exposure and weathering. New retardant formulations with persistent retention to target vegetation throughout the peak fire season would enable methodical, prophylactic treatment strategies of landscapes at high risk of wildfires through prolonged prevention of ignition and continual impediment to active flaming fronts. Here we develop a sprayable, environmentally benign viscoelastic fluid comprising biopolymers and colloidal silica to enhance adherence and retention of polyphosphate retardants on common wildfire-prone vegetation. These viscoelastic fluids exhibit appropriate wetting and rheological responses to enable robust retardant adherence to vegetation following spray application. Further, laboratory and pilot-scale burn studies establish that these materials drastically reduce ignition probability before and after simulated weathering events. Overall, these studies demonstrate how these materials actualize opportunities to shift the approach of retardant-based wildfire management from reactive suppression to proactive prevention at the source of ignitions.
Targeting Zero Infections in the Outpatient Dialysis Unit: Core Curriculum 2020

Although overall mortality rates in dialysis patients have improved during the last decade or so, infections remain a leading cause of death, second only to cardiovascular disease. In addition, infections account for a major share of hospitalizations in this patient population. Receiving hemodialysis treatments in an outpatient dialysis facility significantly contributes to patients' risks for infection. In dialysis units, patient-to-patient transmission of viral pathogens such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus can occur; proper screening and vaccination of patients can decrease the risk for transmission. Strict adherence to hand hygiene, use of appropriate personal protective equipment, transmission-based precautions, and maintaining aseptic technique while connecting the access to the hemodialysis machine can substantially decrease the likelihood of bacterial infections. With an effective infection control program in place, infection prevention becomes part of the dialysis facility's culture and results in improved patient safety. In this installment of the Core Curriculum series, we highlight best practices that should be followed by health care workers in the dialysis unit and discuss the role of the medical director in promoting initiatives to reduce infection rates.
Isotopically resolved neutron total cross sections at intermediate energies

The neutron total cross sections ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ of $^{16,18}\mathrm{O},^{58,64}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{103}\mathrm{Rh}$, and $^{112,124}\mathrm{Sn}$ have been measured at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center from low to intermediate energies $(3\ensuremath{\le}{E}_{\mathrm{lab}}\ensuremath{\le}450 \mathrm{MeV})$ by leveraging wave-form-digitizer technology. The ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$ relative differences between isotopes are presented, revealing additional information about the isovector components needed for an accurate optical-model description away from stability. Digitizer-enabled ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{tot}}$-measurement techniques are discussed and a series of uncertainty-quantified dispersive optical model (DOM) analyses using these new data is presented, validating the use of the DOM for modeling light systems $(^{16,18}\mathrm{O})$ and systems with open neutron shells $(^{58,64}\mathrm{Ni} \mathrm{and} ^{112,124}\mathrm{Sn})$. The valence-nucleon spectroscopic factors extracted for each isotope reaffirm the usefulness of high-energy proton reaction cross sections for characterizing depletion from the mean-field expectation.
Provision of a Drug Deactivation System for Unused Opioid Disposal at Surgical Dismissal: Opportunity to Reduce Community Opioid Supply.

Abstract Objective To determine the impact of a drug deactivation system to post-surgical patients on the rate of opioid prescription disposal. Patients and Methods Two hundred post-operative patients discharged after inpatient surgery at a large academic medical center. This study was conducted August 20, 2018, through November 30, 2018. Patients were provided with a drug deactivation system (DDS) and instruction sheet along with their opioid prescription. Three to 4 weeks after dismissal, patients were surveyed about quantity of opioids remaining, use of DDS or other disposal methods, and satisfaction with DDS if used. Results One hundred forty-nine of 200 (74.5%) patients were surveyed. One hundred six reported leftover opioids and 29 (27.3%) had disposed of these medications. By the time of survey, 23 (21.2%) participants with leftover opioids had used the DDS to destroy their remaining supply and an additional 33 (31.1%) participants reported plans to use the disposal bag on a future date. Of the 23 participants who used the DDS, 22 (96.0%) reported that they were very satisfied with the disposal process. Conclusion Participants are willing to use a DDS and are satisfied with the process; however, additional education is needed to ensure timely disposal.
B ( E 2 ; 0 g . s . + → 2 1 + ) in 18 Ne and isospin purity in A = 18 nuclei

The ${0}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+}$ excitation in the proton-rich nucleus ${}^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ has been studied via intermediate energy heavy-ion scattering with a beam of this radioactive isotope. The observed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray yields have been combined with coupled channels calculations of the inelastic scattering reactions to obtain the electromagnetic matrix element ${B(E2;0}_{\mathrm{g}.\mathrm{s}.}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+}).$ This result is combined with the corresponding results in the mirror nucleus ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$ and the $T=1$ states in the $N=Z$ nucleus ${}^{18}\mathrm{F}$ as a test of isospin purity.
Formulog: Datalog for SMT-Based Static Analysis (Extended Version)

Satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solving has become a critical part of many static analyses, including symbolic execution, refinement type checking, and model checking. We propose Formulog, a domain-specific language that makes it possible to write a range of SMT-based static analyses in a way that is both close to their formal specifications and amenable to high-level optimizations and efficient evaluation. Formulog extends the logic programming language Datalog with a first-order functional language and mechanisms for representing and reasoning about SMT formulas; a novel type system supports the construction of expressive formulas, while ensuring that neither normal evaluation nor SMT solving goes wrong. Our case studies demonstrate that a range of SMT-based analyses can naturally and concisely be encoded in Formulog, and that -- thanks to this encoding -- high-level Datalog-style optimizations can be automatically and advantageously applied to these analyses.
Computation of displacement and spin gravitational memory in numerical relativity

We present the first numerical relativity waveforms for binary black hole mergers produced using spectral methods that show both the displacement and the spin memory effects. Explicitly, we use the SXS (Simulating eXtreme Spacetimes) Collaboration's spec code to run a Cauchy evolution of a binary black hole merger and then extract the gravitational wave strain using spectre's version of a Cauchy-characteristic extraction. We find that we can accurately resolve the strain's traditional $m=0$ memory modes and some of the $m\ensuremath{\ne}0$ oscillatory memory modes that have previously only been theorized. We also perform a separate calculation of the memory using equations for the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs charges as well as the energy and angular momentum fluxes at asymptotic infinity. Our new calculation uses only the gravitational wave strain and two of the Weyl scalars at infinity. Also, this computation shows that the memory modes can be understood as a combination of a memory signal throughout the binary's inspiral and merger phases, and a quasinormal mode signal near the ringdown phase. Additionally, we find that the magnetic memory, up to numerical error, is indeed zero as previously conjectured. Last, we find that signal-to-noise ratios of memory for LIGO, the Einstein Telescope, and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna with these new waveforms and new memory calculation are larger than previous expectations based on post-Newtonian or minimal waveform models.
In vivo detection of microstructural spinal cord lesions in dogs with degenerative myelopathy using diffusion tensor imaging.

Background Degenerative myelopathy (DM) in dogs is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that causes white matter spinal cord lesions. These lesions are undetectable on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), limiting diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Spinal cord lesions cause disruption to the structural integrity of the axons causing water diffusion to become more random and less anisotropic. These changes are detectable by the technique of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which is highly sensitive to diffusion alterations secondary to white matter lesion development. Objective Perform spinal DTI on cohorts of dogs with and without DM to identify if lesions caused by DM will cause a detectable alteration in spinal cord diffusivity that correlates with neurological status. Animals Thirteen dogs with DM and 13 aged-matched controls. Methods All animals underwent MRI with DTI of the entire spine. Diffusivity parameters fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured at each vertebral level and statistically compared between groups. Results Dogs with DM had significant decreases in FA within the regions of the spinal cord that had high expected lesion load. Decreases in FA were most significant in dogs with severe forms of the disease and correlated with neurological grade. Conclusions and clinical importance Findings suggest that FA has the potential to be a biomarker for spinal cord lesion development in DM and could play an important role in improving diagnosis and monitoring of this condition.
Recurrent Large Volume Malignant Pleural Effusion in a Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) due to renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is extremely rare, accounting for only 1%-2% of all malignant pleural effusions. This paper presents a case report of a 56-year-old male who presented with a chief complaint of bilateral flank pain with dyspnea and was diagnosed with RCC via immunopathologic pleural fluid analysis and who persistently had recurrent large volume pleural effusion. A 56-year-old male who had a recent admission for dyspnea secondary to a right-sided pleural effusion underwent thoracentesis and returned to the hospital for his worsening shortness of breath. He was found to have recurrent pleural effusion. Thoracentesis studies revealed an exudative pleural effusion positive for malignant cells showing adenocarcinoma, which had an immunopathologic profile (WT-1 and PAX8) favoring an adenocarcinoma of kidney origin. The patient underwent chest tube placement, followed by chemical pleurodesis with 4.3 L of bloody fluid drained immediately. Subsequent x-rays taken while the chest tube was in place showed worsening reaccumulating pleural effusion. A repeat CT scan showed a large right pleural effusion with loculated collections. The patient then underwent right video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, which revealed a loculated effusion with pleural carcinomatosis that was biopsy-positive for RCC. This report presents a rare case displaying how RCC pleural carcinomatosis can cause a patient to present with dyspnea secondary to a pleural effusion, which was revealed to be RCC upon fluid cytology and immunohistopathology studies. This case demonstrates that RCC can cause recurrent large volume MPE, which has not been widely reported in contemporary literature.
A content analysis on state human trafficking statutes: how does the legal system acknowledge survivors in the United States (US)?

Human trafficking is an egregious violation of basic human rights that has reached global proportions. Despite the gradual proliferation of social science research and policy endeavors, a contemporary understanding of state human trafficking statutes has received limited discussion. Existing commentary tends to underserve survivor experiences in the law. Using a database of 982 human trafficking state statutes, this study seeks to describe the landscape of how the law acknowledges survivors. In doing so, we found that states acknowledge survivors through 1. formal agency guidelines, 2. survivor rights and services, and 3. education and awareness for the general public. Findings suggest that the nation’s human trafficking statutes are best characterized as a patchwork of laws. We conclude by making recommendations for future legislative reform.
Ordered Reference Dependent Choice

We study how violations of structural assumptions like expected utility and exponential discounting can be connected to reference dependent preferences with set-dependent reference points, even if behavior conforms with these assumptions when the reference is fixed. An axiomatic framework jointly and systematically relaxes general rationality (WARP) and structural assumptions to capture reference dependence across domains. It gives rise to a linear order that determines references points, which in turn determines the preference parameters for a choice problem. This allows us to study risk, time, and social preferences collectively, where seemingly independent anomalies are interconnected through the lens of reference-dependent choice.
Project Sentinel: Ultra-Narrowband SETI at Harvard/Smithsonian

We have been searching the northern sky for ultra-narrowband carriers of intelligent extraterrestrial origin at 21cm wavelength. The dual-polarization 65,536-channel receiver has a resolution bandwidth of 0.03Hz, matched to the Drake-Helou spreading of the interstellar medium. This maximizes signal/noise ratio, and simultaneously rejects carriers of terrestrial origin. The results of 15 months of observation are summarized.
The Impact of New Communication Technologies on International Telecommunication Law and Policy: Cyberspace and the Restructuring of the International Telecommunication Union

We are in the midst of a fundamental economic and social transformation whose extent and implications we only partially grasp. This transformation and the more richly interconnected, complex and turbulent world, the vast increase in information availability, and the compression in both time and space that result, has been labelled 'the information society.' In this interconnected, turbulent environment, older ways of organizing and governing, which are premised on a more restricted flow of information and more limited interconnections (including public and corporate bureaucracies, and even representative democracy and the nation-state) seem to be overwhelmed.
Studies on the Glycosidases of Jack Bean Meal III. CRYSTALLIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF β-N-ACETYLHEXOSAMINIDASE

Abstract A method has been devised for the isolation of β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase from jack bean meal in electrophoretically homogeneous and crystalline form. The procedure involves ammonium sulfate and alcohol fractionation followed by Sephadex G-200 filtration and chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephadex and carboxymethyl-Sephadex. The molecular weight of this enzyme is estimated to be about 100,000 by gel filtration. The crystalline enzyme hydrolyzes both p-nitrophenyl β-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl β-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranoside. For p-nitrophenyl β-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-dglucopyranoside, the pH optimum is between 5.0 and 6.0, Km is 0.64 mm and Vmax is 137.2 µmoles per min per mg. For p-nitrophenyl β-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranoside, the pH optimum is between 3.5 and 4.0, Km is 0.31 mm and Vmax is 70.9 µmoles per min per mg. Studies of pH and thermal inactivation, mixed-substrate analysis, and the Ki values for several competitive inhibitors indicate that the β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and the β-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activities are catalyzed by the same enzyme at the same site. The crystalline enzyme liberates β-linked terminal N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine from various natural and synthetic substrates.
Class Counts: The permeability of class boundaries

Class structures differ not only in the distribution of people across the various locations in that structure, but also in the extent to which people's lives are bounded by specific class locations. At the micro-level, class is explanatory because it shapes the interests, strategic capacities and experiences of people, and each of these effects depends not simply on the static location of individuals in a job-class structure, but also on the complex ways in which their lives are linked to various classes through careers, mobility, voluntary associations and social ties. In some class structures, friendships, marriages, churches and sports clubs are largely homogeneous with respect to class. In such cases, class boundaries can be thought of as highly impermeable. In other class structures, these social processes frequently bring together people from different class locations. When this happens, class boundaries become relatively permeable. In this chapter, I will begin by giving some precision to the concept of the permeability of class boundaries and then propose a general empirical strategy for analyzing permeability. This will be followed by an empirical examination of three kinds of permeability: the formation of friendship ties across class locations, the class composition of families, and intergenerational class mobility. 5.1 Theoretical issues Permeability in the Marxist and Weberian traditions The two primary sociological traditions of class analysis – Marxist and Weberian – have given different priorities to class structure and boundary permeability as objects of analysis.
Prearrangement of the COSMO-CLM Model on the Chinese Region and Sensitivity Analysis

This report represents the description of the first activity performed within the work package 7.1.6 of the "B action" in the Gemina project. The "B action" of the Gemina project concerns the consolidation and development of international scientific network. In particular the cooperation between China and Italy is focused on the development of regional climate scenarios and the analysis of impacts on coastal areas on the Chinese region. The main goal of the WP 7.1.6. is to provide high climate simulation on the China region for the XXI century. In order to perform this activity, some preliminary simulations are requested, to find an optimal configuration for the high resolution climate model COSMO CLM. This report contains the description of the sensitivity analysis developed on a limited part of the Chinese region.
Biologically Inspired Micro-Flight Research

Natural fliers demonstrate a diverse array of flight capabilities, many of which are poorly understood. NASA has established a research project to explore and exploit flight technologies inspired by biological systems. One part of this project focuses on dynamic modeling and control of micro aerial vehicles that incorporate flexible wing structures inspired by natural fliers such as insects, hummingbirds and bats. With a vast number of potential civil and military applications, micro aerial vehicles represent an emerging sector of the aerospace market. This paper describes an ongoing research activity in which mechanization and control concepts for biologically inspired micro aerial vehicles are being explored. Research activities focusing on a flexible fixed- wing micro aerial vehicle design and a flapping-based micro aerial vehicle concept are presented.
Transmitochondrial Technology in Animal Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the current protocols used to generate transmitochondrial animal cell lines in culture. Studies of vertebrate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance and function have relied heavily on somatic cell experimentation in culture, because one is still unable to manipulate mtDNA sequences at will in animal cells. Initial patterns of mitochondrial segregation and species-specific compatibility were performed using somatic hybrid and cybrid cells. Cybrids, or cytoplasmatic hybrids, are eukaryotic cell lines produced by the fusion of a nuclear donor and mitochondria from a donor. Therefore, a cybrid is a cell formed by the nuclear genome from one source and mitochondrial genomes from a different one. As a result, in this model, it is possible to dissociate the biochemical influence of the mitochondrial genome from its nuclear background. Hybrid or cybrid cells may be formed by several techniques, including cell fusion. Different tissue types and techniques have been employed for the generation of transmitochondrial cell lines in animals. Basically, a cell line devoid of mtDNA or with poisoned mitochondria works as the nuclear donor, while enucleated or fragmented cells function as the mtDNA donor. On cell membrane fusions and appropriate selection, transmitochondrial cells are generated. Although manipulating heteroplasmy by a mtDNA-targeted restriction endonucleases (RE) can be a powerful approach to modulate mtDNA heteroplasmy, it is limited by the availability of unique RE cleavage site. The approach may be also useful in the context of multiple cleavage sites, if the expression of the RE targeted to mitochondria could be controlled.
Molecular recognition. Electrostatic effects in supramolecular self-assembly.

A di-positively charged metal-based receptor is shown to form 1∶1 or 2∶1 association complexes with rigid, linear two-site guests depending on the site separation, suggesting that electrostatic repulsion controls the association nuclearity.
Role of laminin in maintenance of type II pneumocyte morphology and function

Loss of differentiated function by type II pneumocytes plated on plastic surfaces was demonstrated by decreased lamellar body content, increased cellular protein, and rapid cellular flattening, changes that were retarded modestly by plating cells on laminin-coated surfaces. Laminin surfaces also inhibited [3H]thymidine (THM) incorporation into cellular DNA by 40% compared with plastic at 40 h, but did not alter an additional mitogenic effect of rat serum over fetal calf serum. In contrast, cells plated on the laminin-rich basement membrane-like gel formed from an extract of EHS mouse sarcoma, matrix gel (MG), maintained a high content of intracellular lipids in lamellar inclusions and retained a rounded morphology for at least 3 days. MG markedly inhibited THM incorporation and morphological changes when cells were cultured on this surface or when MG was formed over cells initially plated on plastic for various intervals. The importance of the laminin component of MG was demonstrated when these surfaces were pretreated with a highly specific antilaminin serum. Type II cells commenced flattening on the treated MG surface, and THM incorporation increased with the same time course as did control cells on plastic. The data suggest that short-term culture and study of differentiated type II pneumocytes may require a laminin-rich substratum. THM incorporation into type II cell DNA provides an important early and sensitive index of cell-basement membrane interaction and subsequent maintenance of function.
Photonuclease activity of Taylor's blue.

Abstract Taylor's blue (1,9-dimethylmethylene blue, DMMB+) associates with DNA, at least in part, through intercalation as is evidenced from the red shift in the absorption maximum, diminution of the fluorescence, and induced circular dichroism in the presence of nucleic acid. Irradiation of DMMB+/covalently closed circular supercoiled gfX174 phage DNA complex at λ > 520 nm leads to DNA nicking in a dose-dependent manner.
Cloning and characterization of the gene for the metalloprotease enterotoxin of Bacteroides fragilis

The Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin is an extracellular zinc metalloprotease that has been implicated in diarrheal disease of humans and animals. This toxin causes fluid accumulation in intestinal loops and is cytotoxic for HT-29 cells, an intestinal carcinoma cell line. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of the toxin gene (bftP). bftP is 1191 nucleotides coding for a 397 amino acid protein of 44.4 kDa. The toxin has a signal peptide of 18 amino acids that is typical of many lipoproteins followed by a 379 amino acid protoxin. The portion of the protoxin found in culture filtrates and stools begins at amino acid 212. An additional open reading frame located immediately upstream shows some sequence identity with cobra cytotoxins. If expressed, the ORF protein product could also play a role in the virulence of B. fragilis.