cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signal processing for recognition of human frustration

In this work, inspired by the application of human-machine interaction and the potential use that human-computer interfaces can make of knowledge regarding the affective state of a user, we investigate the problem of sensing and recognizing typical affective experiences that arise when people communicate with computers. In particular, we address the problem of detecting "frustration" in human computer interfaces. By first sensing human biophysiological correlates of internal affective states, we proceed to stochastically model the biological time series with hidden Markov models to obtain user-dependent recognition systems that learn affective patterns from a set of training data. Labeling criteria to classify the data are discussed, and generalization of the results to a set of unobserved data is evaluated. Significant recognition results (greater than random) are reported for 21 of 24 subjects.
REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY

This paper describes a patient with typical post-traumatic Sudeck's atrophy of the right foot, who subsequently developed an atraumatic, painful osteoporosis of the left foot and right knee. It is suggested that cases of 'migrating osteolysis' and 'transient osteoporosis' of the lower limbs be grouped with classical Sudeck's atrophy as a reflex sympathetic dystrophy; Theories of pathogenesis have been reviewed and a possible theory of causation in atraumatic cases is presented.
An archetype Semi-Ring Fabry-Perot (SRFP) resonator

We introduce and demonstrate the generation of a novel resonator, termed Semi-Ring Fabry-Perot (SRFP), that exhibits unique features, such as, its use of one plane mirror, allowing the SRFP to be easily fabricated as a symmetrical device. In addition to its unique features, it exhibits advantages of ring and Fabry-Perot resonators: 1) compared to a ring resonator that only allows a transmitted intensity, the Semi-Ring Fabry-Perot (SRFP) supports standing waves, allowing both a reflected and transmitted intensity; 2) the reflected light spectrum of the SRFP resonator is much narrower than similar Fabry-Perot, implying higher finesse.
Embedding Gestalt laws in Markov random fields

The goal of this paper is to study a mathematical framework of 2D object shape modeling and learning for middle level vision problems, such as image segmentation and perceptual organization. For this purpose, we pursue generic shape models which characterize the most common features of 2D object shapes. In this paper, shape models are learned from observed natural shapes based on a minimax entropy learning theory. The learned shape models are Gibbs distributions defined on Markov random fields (MRFs). The neighborhood structures of these MRFs correspond to Gestalt laws-colinearity, cocircularity, proximity, parallelism, and symmetry. Thus, both contour-based and region-based features are accounted for. Stochastic Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms are proposed for learning and model verification. Furthermore, this paper provides a quantitative measure for the so-called nonaccidental statistics and, thus, justifies some empirical observations of Gestalt psychology by information theory. Our experiments also demonstrate that global shape properties can arise from interactions of local features.
Fletch: Web-based journalism as a bridge to technological literacy

Studies show that students see science and technology - as it is traditionally taught in school classes - as "white and male" and as accessible mostly to academically advanced students. This stigmatizing of scientific and technological literacy is particularly problematic in light of findings that prior experience in science and technology is a critical predictor of interest and confidence in using technological tools and pursuing scientific and technological education and careers. The low percentages of students who pursue science and technology fields (National Science Board, 2002) suggest that this disconnect is a significant and persistent problem. This paper describes a tool designed to help students otherwise disinterested and disaffected from science and technology develop formative experience with and interest in scientific and technological issues. The tool was developed as part of the ByLine project. ByLine explores the hypothesis that a learning environment in which students explore the social impacts of technology through Web-based journalism can help develop a foundation for basic technological literacy for students who were not previously interested in technology. The tool supports development of technological literacy by framing student-computer interactions as part of a larger goal: publishing an online newspaper. For the students, this provides a compelling justification for developing technological skills while simultaneously providing the experience with technology so critical to future scientific and technological pursuits.
Intraseasonal air-sea interaction in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans

Abstract The relationships between intraseasonal (periods <100 days) variations of convection, sea surface temperature (SST), surface wind stress, and surface fluxes of latent heat and radiation in the warm pool of the equatorial Indian and western Pacific Oceans are examined using 7 yr of gridded outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), SST, and surface stress and latent heat flux based on European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses. In the warm pool region enhanced evaporation, which results from enhanced surface westerlies, lags enhanced convection by ∼1 week. Intraseasonal SST fluctuations lag decreased evaporation by ∼1 week and decreased convection (which implies increased insolation) by ∼2 weeks, suggesting that anomalous latent heat flux and surface insolation drive SST changes on intraseasonal timescale. The relationship between anomalous SST, surface wind stress and surface fluxes of latent heat and shortwave radiation for the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), which dominates the intras...
County Poverty: The Case Of Sacramento

This study serves two purposes. First, it demonstrates a method of estimating and projecting annual poverty at sub-national levels. Data are obtained from decennial censuses to form the benchmarks from which poverty is estimated and projected for various demographic groups. Projections are based upon historical curvilinear trends for each group. The methodology can be easily applied in a variety of jurisdictional settings and levels. The second objective is to provide a specific portrait of poverty by demographic group within the County of Sacramento in the State of California. The evidence indicates that, by the end of the decade, the County poverty rate will rise to 16% and the number of poor persons will expand to 216 thousand. There will be large differences among the various demographic groups in their rates of change.
Building an Exploratory Model for Part‐time Sales Associates’ Turnover Intentions

This study focused on the development of a conceptual model of the turnover intention of part-time sales associates in apparel retailing. A convenience sample of 294 college students who were part-time sales associates was used to test the model. In this initial model, self-efficacy and work competencies indirectly influenced turnover intention through work engagement, which in turn positively affected work effort. Work effort and work engagement directly influenced job performance, which in turn impacted job satisfaction. The results revealed a negative relationship between job satisfaction and burnout. Burnout had a direct influence on turnover intention. These findings provide a baseline for apparel retailers to reference when considering ways to reduce turnover, particularly among early career employees such as college students. Further testing of the model among less transient workers than undergraduates in apparel retailing could reveal additional insight about turnover intention.
Can You Find It on the Web? An Assessment of Municipal E-Government Transparency:

Despite the potential of open government, earlier research has found that local governments vary significantly in their embrace of transparency. In this article, we explore the variability question through the innovative application of an alternative set of transparency indicators. We find that cities are more likely to make information about finance and budgeting and general administration accessible to the public, less likely to place information related to human resources online. We use the literature to derive a model to test five types of promising explanations for a city’s propensity for transparency. Our analysis suggests that community demand and a city’s organizational networks play an important role in fostering transparency, regardless of city size. Important differences do exist between large and small cities: Transparency in larger cities is spurred by political competition; in smaller cities, governmental resources and administrative professionalism influence transparency.
BTrDB: optimizing storage system design for timeseries processing

The increase in high-precision, high-sample-rate telemetry timeseries poses a problem for existing timeseries databases which can neither cope with the throughput demands of these streams nor provide the necessary primitives for effective analysis of them. We present a novel abstraction for telemetry timeseries data and a data structure for providing this abstraction: a time-partitioning version-annotated copy-on-write tree. An implementation in Go is shown to outperform existing solutions, demonstrating a throughput of 53 million inserted values per second and 119 million queried values per second on a four-node cluster. The system achieves a 2.9× compression ratio and satisfies statistical queries spanning a year of data in under 200ms, as demonstrated on a year-long production deployment storing 2.1 trillion data points. The principles and design of this database are generally applicable to a large variety of timeseries types and represent a significant advance in the development of technology for the Internet of Things.
Multi-sample immunoassay inside optical fiber capillary enabled by evanescent wave detection

Abstract A novel evanescent wave-based (EW) microfluidic capillary fiber-optic biosensor (MCFOB) has been developed using capillaries as a transducer embedded in a multichannel device to enhance the collection efficiency of the fluorescence signal. The capillary serves dual roles as a waveguide and a container, enabling more straightforward, consistent, and compact biosensor packaging compared to conventional optical fiber biosensors and microfluidic systems. In order to detect multiple samples in one device, the biosensor incorporates a polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) multi-channel device, which also serves as cladding for the biosensor. In addition, this biosensor only consumes 10 μl of a sample and does not require hydrofluoric acid etching in the fabrication process. The orientation for signal collection is optimized by comparing the lateral and normal signal directions for detected glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). C-reactive protein (CRP) is used to validate the MCFOB, and the limit of detection (LOD) for CRP in the MCFOB is 1.94 ng/ml (74 pM). Moreover, the real-time measurement is demonstrated to verify that the evanescent wave is the only exciting light source in the MCFOB, which gives the potential for real-time measurement applications.
Parallel Bottom-Up Evaluation of Logic Programs: DeALS on Shared-Memory Multicore Machines

Delivering superior expressive power over RDBMS, while maintaining competitive performance, has represented the main goal and technical challenge for deductive database research since its inception forty years ago. Significant progress toward this ambitious goal is being achieved by the DeALS system through the parallel bottom-up evaluation of logic programs, including recursive programs with monotonic aggregates, on a shared-memory multicore machine. In DeALS, a program is represented as an AND/OR tree, where the parallel evaluation instantiates multiple copies of the same AND/OR tree that access the tables in the database concurrently. Synchronization methods such as locks are used to ensure the correctness of the evaluation. We describe a technique which finds an ecient hash partitioning strategy of the tables that minimizes the use of locks during the evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the eectiveness of the proposed technique — DeALS achieves competitive performance on non-recursive programs compared with commercial RDBMSs and superior performance on recursive programs compared with other existing systems.
Malignant peripheral nerve tumors of the oral cavity. Review of the literature and report of a case.

Abstract The theories concerning the origin of tumors of nerve sheath have been reviewed, and the multiplicity of terminology of these tumors has been discussed. A review of the literature revealed two cases of malignant nerve sheath tumor of the maxilla and seven involving the mandible and/or the inferior alveolar nerve. A new case of malignant tumor of the inferior alveolar nerve has been presented.
The Troubled Rhetoric and Communication of Climate Change: The Argumentative Situation, Philip Eubanks

Philip Eubanks’s The Troubled Rhetoric and Communication of Climate Change: The Argumentative Situation is the first book-length treatment of climate change by a scholar of rhetoric. As such, it fi...
Mathematical Models of Instability and a Theory of Diffusion

The purpose of this study is a systematic examination of Latin American and Sub-Saharan African coups both by descriptive and explanatory means. Two mathematical (probabilistic) models are suggested as descriptions of the occurrence of coups in these regions. The term model refers here to an abstract representation of reality and does not necessarily connote explanation in the form of stated or inferred causality.' As a means of explanation for the occurrence of certain of these coups, one of the models is used to develop a theory for the diffusion of instability. Mathematically, this theory arises from the need to introduce a greater correspondence between the probabilistic description and the reality it represents. The theory suggests a set of independent variables for the explanation of the diffusion of instability, and two of these variables-diplomatic status and * This paper is a revision of one presented at the 1967 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Support for this study was provided by a research fellowship of the Council for Intersocietal Studies of Northwestern University. The comments and suggestions of Professor Raymond Tanter are gratefully acknowledged. 1 The term "model," broadly conceived, can be defined to mean a form of systematic explanation. However, when the model is solely intended as an isomorph of reality, as is the case in this study, then the model itself should not be understood as having explanatory purposes in a causal sense. For a detailed treatment of the various usages of this term see Abraham Kaplan, The Conduct of Inquiry: Methodology for Behavioral Science (San Francisco: Chandler, 1964), pp. 263-75.
On the Diagonalization of Quadratic Forms

Introduction An undergraduate course in linear algebra sometimes includes a treatment of the elementary theory of quadratic forms. This is not surprising since a quadratic form (over a field F of characteristic not 2) is essentially the same as a symmetric bilinear form, which is in turn the same as a symmetric matrix. The main theorem for quadratic forms proved in a typical linear algebra course is that any quadratic form q(x,,..., x,,) can be "diagonalized," i.e., after a linear change of variables {xl.x,} -x4 {Y. Yn}, q can be written as n Here, the as's are elements of F, some of which may be equal to zero. The rank of q is defined to be the number of nonzero a 's, and (in case F = R) the signature of q is defined to be r s, where r and s are respectively the number of positive and negative ai's. Both the rank and the signature depend only on the isometry class of the quadratic form q (and does not depend on the particular diagonalization taken); see, e.g., [1, ?5.3], [3, Ch. 9]. While most textbooks offer exercises for the diagonalization of quadratic forms in a small number of variables (say n < 5), there seem to be few good examples for the diagonalization of quadratic forms in n variables. In teaching a course in quadratic form theory, I recently came across the following four explicit n-ary forms:
A B-spline image registration based CAD scheme to evaluate drug treatment response of ovarian cancer patients

Ovarian cancer is the second most common cancer amongst gynecologic malignancies, and has the highest death rate. Since the majority of ovarian cancer patients (>75%) are diagnosed in the advanced stage with tumor metastasis, chemotherapy is often required after surgery to remove the primary ovarian tumors. In order to quickly assess patient response to the chemotherapy in the clinical trials, two sets of CT examinations are taken pre- and post-therapy (e.g., after 6 weeks). Treatment efficacy is then evaluated based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) guideline, whereby tumor size is measured by the longest diameter on one CT image slice and only a subset of selected tumors are tracked. However, this criterion cannot fully represent the volumetric changes of the tumors and might miss potentially problematic unmarked tumors. Thus, we developed a new CAD approach to measure and analyze volumetric tumor growth/shrinkage using a cubic B-spline deformable image registration method. In this initial study, on 14 sets of pre- and post-treatment CT scans, we registered the two consecutive scans using cubic B-spline registration in a multiresolution (from coarse to fine) framework. We used Mattes mutual information metric as the similarity criterion and the L-BFGS-B optimizer. The results show that our method can quantify volumetric changes in the tumors more accurately than RECIST, and also detect (highlight) potentially problematic regions that were not originally targeted by radiologists. Despite the encouraging results of this preliminary study, further validation of scheme performance is required using large and diverse datasets in future.
Differential Cross Sections for pp-->pnπ + near Threshold

Differential cross sections from kinematically complete measurements of $\mathrm{pp}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{pn}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ production are presented for proton beam energies of 294.2, 299.5, and 319.5 MeV. Total cross sections are given for 294.2, 299.5, 306.5, 314.3, and 319.5 MeV. The two angular distributions close to threshold are dominated by $s$ wave contributions. Total cross sections within the first 30 MeV of threshold show qualitative agreement with an early theoretical prediction based on PCAC.
The pattern of fungal infections in critically ill surgical patients.

There continues to be difficulty making the clinical distinction between fungal colonization and systemic infection in critically ill surgical patients. This distinction is important, given the potential risks of aggressive antifungal therapy. In order to evaluate the significance of fungal infections by various sites, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical courses of patients with cultures positive for fungi (candida species or Torulopsis glabrata) in the SICU of LAC + USC Medical Center from January 1992-December 1993. There were 129 patients who were culture positive for Candida (110 patients) or Torulopsis glabrata (19 patients). There were 187 positive cultures. Fifty-five patients (43%) had systemic fungal infections (two or more sites, or fungemia). The proportion of patients with positive cultures from any given site going on to develop systemic infections was similar (wound, 49 per cent ; urine, 54 per cent ; sputum, 57 per cent ; drain, 68 per cent ; P = 0.61, NS). The mortality for SICU patients with systemic fungal infection was significantly increased (36.3% versus 10.5%, P < 0.05) when compared with SICU patients in general. No significant increase in mortality was seen in patients with single site isolation (13.5% versus 10.5%, P = 0.52). This study suggests that although systemic fungal infection is associated with increased mortality in SICU patients, no single site of isolation is superior to others in predicting which patients are likely to develop systemic infection. Prospective studies with antifungal agents with reduced toxicity are justified in patients with single site isolation.
Recovery and Service: On Being a Physician with Mental Illness.

Physicians with a mental illness can have good, empathic relationships with their patients, even if patients know of their condition.
Current Methods for Methylome Profiling

Protein methylation plays diverse roles in regulating cellular functions in an epigenetic manner. This dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases. The human genome encodes around 70 protein methyltransferases. PMTs are distinct on the basis of their substrate preference and product specificity. Dissecting methylome in a context-specific manner is a key step toward elucidating biological and pathogenic roles of PMTs. Although it becomes common to characterize individual protein methylation events, it is still challenging to profile methylome with conventional tools. Here the current methods for methylome profiling are reviewed. These methods are further dissected for methylome labeling, methylome enrichment, and sample processing and detection. Representative examples will focus on how their combination facilitates methylome profiling. The limitations of each technology will be also discussed in the context of future needs.
Oxidation states of copper in lead borate glass

The oxidation states of copper in lead borate glass, 2PbO.B 2 O 3 , have been studied by quantitative optical spectroscopy. Cu(II) in lead borate glass shows a single absorption band centred at 13800 cm -1 (e=48 l/(cm.mol)). This band is assigned to Cu(II) in 6-coordination. Using the Cu(II) spectra as standards, we determined the copper oxidation states in lead borate glasses doped with YBa 2 Cu 3 O x and Cu 2 O. Copper dissolved from YBa 2 Cu 3 O x in air has an oxidation state of Cu(II), while copper dissolved from Cu 2 O in argon is Cu(I). The lead borate glass itself shows slightly different optical spectra when prepared under different atmospheres. These differences may be related to small amounts of polyvalent lead, which increase with increasing oxygen fugacity, and to the presence of small amounts of a crystalline phase in the glass prepared under oxygen
Far Infrared Studies of Shallow Donors in GaAs-AlGaAs Quantum Wells

Calculations for GaAs-AlGaAs quantum wells show that impurity energies depend strongly on the quantum well (QW) width and/or the impurity position within the well. Recent experimental work in GaAs-AlGaAs MQW structures is reviewed with emphasis on FIR spectroscopic studies of donor impurities in magnetic fields up to 9.5T. Samples nominally doped in narrow regions at the center and the edge of GaAs wells have been studied for QW widths between 80A and 450A. Results are generally in very good agreement with recent calculations. Possible use of these measurements to determine the distribution of impurities is discussed.
Youth Exposure to Alcohol Advertising in National Magazines in the United States, 2001-2011.

Objectives. To update public health surveillance of alcohol advertising to underage populations by assessing alcohol industry compliance with their voluntary guidelines for US magazine advertisements from 2001 to 2011.Methods. Using advertising industry standard sources The Nielsen Company and MediaMark, we evaluated youth exposure to alcohol advertising, and relative advertising exposure of youths versus adults, in 168 national magazines.Results. From 2001 to 2011, magazine alcohol advertising seen by youths declined by 62.9%, from 5.4 billion impressions (single person seeing a single advertisement) to 2.0 billion impressions. Most alcohol advertising (65.1% of ads) was for spirits (e.g., vodka, whiskey). Since 2008, alcohol companies achieved 100% compliance with their limited guidelines. However, youths were overexposed to magazine advertising relative to adults on average 73% of the time.Conclusions. Despite improving compliance with placement guidelines in national editions of the 168 measured magaz...
Comparative Implementation of High Performance Computing for Power System Dynamic Simulations

Dynamic simulation for transient stability assessment is one of the most important, but intensive, computational tasks for power system planning and operation. Several commercial software tools provide functionality for performing multiple dynamic simulations such as those in contingency analysis simultaneously on parallel computers. Nevertheless, a single dynamic simulation is still a time consuming process performed sequentially on one single computing core as the tools were originally designed. Modern high performance computing (HPC) holds the promise to accelerate a single dynamic simulation by parallelizing its kernel algorithms without compromising computational accuracy. Parallelizing a single dynamic simulation is a much more challenging problem than the contingency-type parallel computing. It requires a good match between simulation algorithms and computing hardware. This paper provides guidance for such a match so as to design and implement parallel dynamic simulation to maximize the utilization of computing hardware and the performance of the simulation. The guidance is derived through comparative implementation of four parallel dynamic simulation schemes in two state-of-the-art HPC environments: 1) message passing interface and 2) open multi-processing. The scalability and speedup performance of parallelized dynamic simulation are thoroughly studied to determine the impact of simulation algorithms and computing hardware configurations. Several testing cases are presented to illustrate the derived guidance.
Tai Chi Chih Compared With Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Insomnia in Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Partially Blinded, Noninferiority Trial.

PurposeCognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and Tai Chi Chih (TCC), a movement meditation, improve insomnia symptoms. Here, we evaluated whether TCC is noninferior to CBT-I for the treatment of insomnia in survivors of breast cancer.Patients and MethodsThis was a randomized, partially blinded, noninferiority trial that involved survivors of breast cancer with insomnia who were recruited from the Los Angeles community from April 2008 to July 2012. After a 2-month phase-in period with repeated baseline assessment, participants were randomly assigned to 3 months of CBT-I or TCC and evaluated at months 2, 3 (post-treatment), 6, and 15 (follow-up). Primary outcome was insomnia treatment response—that is, marked clinical improvement of symptoms by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index—at 15 months. Secondary outcomes were clinician-assessed remission of insomnia; sleep quality; total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, and awake after sleep onset, derived from sleep diaries; polysomnogr...
Module cancellation properties

We perform an in-depth study of several different cancellation properties for modules. Among those we consider are (half) (weak) cancellation modules, restricted cancellation modules, and (half) join principal modules. We also investigate which commutative rings have every nonzero (finitely generated) ideal (respectively, module) satisfying some cancellation property.
RTX toxin structure and function: a story of numerous anomalies and few analogies in toxin biology.

This review will cover recent advances in the knowledge of the composition, structure and toxic mechanisms of the important RTX family of bacterial toxins. I will not discuss their regulation and unusual mechanism of extracellular secretion. There are outstanding recent reviews written by investigators whose research is focused on those topics that can be consulted (Bailey et al. 1997; Young and Holland 1999). After a very general review, the discussion is organized around 13 critical questions and relevant hypotheses involving RTX toxin biology. I will review the results that support or refute these assumptions while proposing several new alternative interpretations of the available data. As foreshadowed in this review’s title, the biology and biochemistry of RTX toxins present unique and difficult experimental problems, which I hope will be effectively elucidated for the reader.
Incorporating Spanish Language Instruction Into Health Sciences Programs in a Hispanic-Serving Institution

Patient-provider language discordance is a growing problem in health care among Spanish-speaking patients. To produce graduates capable of linguistically competent care, three university programs are incorporating Spanish language instruction into their curricula (pharmacy, physical therapy, and speech-language pathology). We review these three models of Spanish language training and summarize the lessons learned to date. Differences in the training models reflect fundamental differences regarding the use of spoken language in the disciplines.
A study of students' progress through introductory computer science programming courses

Given the growing demand for skilled workers from the Computer Science field, the high attrition rate of entering Computer Science students is a serious problem at most universities. Much research exists on evaluating the reasons of failure with the introductory Computer Science curriculum referred to as the CS1, CS2 and CS3 courses. Current research has proposed methods to predict patterns and characteristics to offer early detection of students likely to fail. The problem is difficult to understand due to the existence of many possible reasons students drop-out from the computer science curriculum. Factors such as student transfers, course diversity, and students repeating failed courses are seldom considered. The goal of this paper is to extend the understanding of the attrition rates for entering Computer Science students by analyzing the progress of student success through 10 years of course data. The impact of transfer students is considered as well as the frequency students repeat the CS1, CS2, and CS3 courses, and their success. Analysis is done by following the students up until graduation. An analysis is also made to determine how courses tend to predict the graduation success rate.
Data-independent proteome analysis of ARPE-19 cells.

Abstract We have performed a proteomics analysis of a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19), which represents a widely used model for in vitro studies of cellular and molecular mechanisms related to human RPE cells (Dunn et al., 1996; Weigel et al., 2002) [1] , [2] . Whole cell protein extracts were separated in four gel fractions via short (10 min) SDS-PAGE runs. Following fractionation and trypsin digestion, the resulting peptides were separated on a nano UPLC LC system and analyzed on-line with a QTof-IMS instrument: a tandem mass spectrometer with ion mobility separation (Synapt G2-Si). Data were acquired in data-independent mode (UDMSE), which allows for absolute and/or relative post-acquisition protein quantification (Silva et al., 2006) [3] . The proteome profile data obtained from this study can be used as a protein reference database with qualitative and quantitative protein information related to ARPE-19 cells under normal growth conditions.
From Natural Language to Entities and Relationships

The processes of an organization are dynamic, but they are supported by an information base that has a static structure. This and the next chapter deal with these two aspects of process definition. Most requirements are initially expressed in natural language. The requirements analyst must try to make the natural language statements unambiguous and verifiable. From these statements the analyst develops a graphical representation of the information base for the processes, which in our case is an Entity-Relationship diagram.
Sub-Monolayer Accuracy in Determining the Number of Atoms per Unit Area in Ultrathin Films Using X-ray Fluorescence

The composition and thickness of thin films determine their physical properties, making the ability to measure the number of atoms of different elements in films both technologically and scientifically important. For thin films, below a certain thickness, the X-ray fluorescence intensity of an element is proportional to the number of atoms. Converting this intensity to the number of atoms per unit area is challenging due to experimental geometries and other correction factors. Hence, the ratio of intensities is more commonly used to determine the composition in terms of element ratios using standards or a model. Here, the number of atoms per unit area was determined using X-ray structure information for over 20 different crystallographically aligned samples with integral unit cell thicknesses. The proportionality constant between intensity and the number of atoms per unit area was determined from linear fits of the background subtracted X-ray fluorescence intensity plotted versus the calculated number of ...
Hydrogen storage adsorbent systems acceptability envelope

Abstract A methodology was developed to determine the range of coupled material parameters and operating conditions that allow an adsorbent based hydrogen storage system to meet performance targets. The range of acceptable parameters forms a multi-dimensional volume, or envelope. For this reason, the methodology is referred to as the Adsorbent Acceptability Envelope. The model evaluates the performance of the overall storage tank, comprised of the adsorbent material, the heat transfer system and the pressure vessel. Two cases were analyzed, both based on the flow-through cooling approach providing the cooling power required to charge hydrogen, with results presented and discussed. The first application (the forward problem) analyzed the gravimetric and volumetric performance of MOF-5® based hydrogen storage beds, under various operating conditions. Results demonstrated that the system can reach a gravimetric capacity of approximately 4 wt% and volumetric capacity of about 20 g/L within 200 s during the absorption process. The second application (the inverse problem) identified the range of selected material parameters, required to meet the U.S. Department of Energy targets for gravimetric and volumetric capacity. Results showed that the most important parameters are the maximum capacity and the density of the material. Adsorbents having a density on the order of twice that of nominal powder form MOF-5® can meet the 2020 DOE targets (i.e. system gravimetric capacity of 0.045 kgH2/kgSystem and system volumetric capacity of 0.030 kgH2/LSystem). A density of about 3–4.5 times the nominal value is required to meet the DOE 2025 targets (i.e. system gravimetric capacity of 0.055 kgH2/kgSystem and system volumetric capacity of 0.040 kgH2/LSystem). Likewise, a material with a maximum adsorption capacity approximately equal to three times that of nominal MOF-5® can meet the 2020 DOE targets, while a maximum capacity about 4.5 times the nominal value is required to meet the 2025 DOE targets.
Cell-free biomanufacturing

Since its early development and use to decipher the genetic code, in vitro or ‘cell-free’ systems have been used as an important research tool to understand biochemical mechanisms and metabolic pathways. More recently, due to important engineering advances the technology is rapidly becoming a biomanufacturing platform for protein therapeutics, vaccines, enzyme biocatalysts, fuels, and commodity chemicals. Here we report recent applications and advances in the cell-free biomanufacturing field and the potential of this emerging approach.
Evaluating Time to Pain Progression in Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly assessed as part of trials for new medical treatments for multiple myeloma. Pain, particularly bone pain, is an important symptom for patients with myeloma. Although time to pain progression has been evaluated as an endpoint in prostate cancer trials, this endpoint has yet to be applied in multiple myeloma despite the importance of this symptom. We sought to evaluate key issues for defining time to pain progression endpoints using two trials of anti-myeloma products submitted to the FDA. We combined data from two trials, each of which used the 0-10 point worst pain intensity numeric rating scale (0=best, 10=worst) from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). We evaluated changes of +1 to +5 points from pre-treatment baseline as deterioration thresholds. We considered deterioration events to be durable if patient scores did not improve by the threshold at the next visit. Event timing and frequency were evaluated using descriptive statistics. Opioid analgesia and pain-relieving procedures such as palliative radiotherapy were also assessed. We evaluated data from 1,368 patients in the pooled intention-to-treat (ITT) populations. At lower threshold levels (+2 to +3 points), 37 - 49% of patients experienced deterioration events. Of the patients with deterioration at lower threshold levels (+2 to +3 points), 39% - 44% had durable deterioration. Deterioration was less durable at higher threshold levels (+4 to +5 points), where 28% - 33% of patients with deterioration had durable deterioration. Additionally, fewer patients had deterioration events at higher threshold levels (16% - 25%). However, even if patients improved by the next visit and did not have durable deterioration, they often deteriorated again at a later timepoint; at a threshold of +5 points, >40% of patients experienced a second deterioration of +5 points after improving. Among those patients who deteriorated but then subsequently improved, pain relief through either opioid analgesia or pain-relieving procedures was used by 52% - 63% in the ITT population. For patients with minimal pain (score of In conclusion, lower deterioration thresholds result in more frequent and durable events. However, patients often deteriorate, improve, and then deteriorate again. As patients may remain on clinical trials for long periods, researchers interested in assessing time to the first (durable) deterioration should clearly justify this approach. Additionally, the assessment of deterioration durability may be complicated by measures such as the use of opioid analgesia, vertebroplasty, and palliative radiotherapy. As pain is an important myeloma symptom and capturing the patient's experience while on therapy is critical, further research to better characterize patient pain while on trial is needed. Disclosures King-Kallimanis: Pharmerit International: Employment.
Secure estimation based Kalman Filter for cyber–physical systems against sensor attacks

Cyber–physical systems are found in many applications such as power networks, manufacturing processes, and air and ground transportation systems. Maintaining security of these systems under cyber attacks is an important and challenging task, since these attacks can be erratic and thus difficult to model. Secure estimation problems study how to estimate the true system states when measurements are corrupted and/or control inputs are compromised by attackers. The authors in Fawzi et al. (2014) proposed a secure estimation method when the set of attacked nodes (sensors, controllers) is fixed. In this paper, we extend these results to scenarios in which the set of attacked nodes can change over time. We formulate this secure estimation problem into the classical error correction problem (Candes and Tao, 2005) and we show that accurate decoding can be guaranteed. Furthermore, we propose a combined secure estimation method with our proposed secure estimator and the Kalman Filter for improved practical performance. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our method through simulations of two scenarios where an unmanned aerial vehicle is under attack.
The Social Production of Interiority:: an Activity Theory approach

Postmodern transformations in philosophy, the humanities and the social sciences have led to new ways of interpreting the social production of space and the spatialisation of social and cultural phenomena. Emergent discussions about interiors and interiority typically emphasise the social nature of space, while related research examines the complexities of socio-spatial phenomena. This paper contributes to this growing body of literature by introducing an alternative view of interiority. More specifically, the phenomenon of interiority is viewed as a by-product of the processes of the social production of space and the appropriation of space through instrumental activities and symbolic interaction. Interiority is seen as first emerging with considerations for comfort and convenience; later branching out to embrace concerns related to experience, productivity, and efficiency. More concretely, interiority can be viewed as providing the necessary conditions for social agents to undertake their activities, as well as protecting them from undesirable influences. Activity is perceived as the major mechanism for the appropriation of space and also for endowing it with the quality of interiority. By interpreting interiority this way, it becomes possible to dematerialise it and liberate it from the constraints of structures, building shells, and technical systems, as well as the problems associated with them. This alternative approach will facilitate the incorporation of knowledge and methodologies developed in the social sciences and cultural studies for the purpose of producing knowledge in the areas of design research, programming/briefing, and space planning.
Program Consultation: A Framework for Development and Improvement of Special Education and Related Services

This paper presents a consultation framework based upon an integration of Maher's characteristics of special education programs and Bergan's approach to behavioral consultation. This framework outl...
Kontribusi Indonesia bagi Dunia secara Makro – Berkelanjutan (Indonesia's Contribution to Macro - Sustainibility)

Idonesian Abstract: Meski Indonesia telah dikenal sebagai sebuah negara yang cukup berhasil memperbaiki perekonomiannya, namun pencapaian itu hendaknya tidak hanya sebatas pencapaian dari sisi ekonomi saja, namun juga sejauh mana suatu negara mampu berkontribusi dalam keberlanjutan secara jangka panjang, dalam berbagai sisi kehidupan di planet ini. Salah satu hal yang cukup krusial dalam perbincangan dunia saat ini adalah sejauh mana peran sebuah negara dalam mempromosikan perubahan iklim, dalam hal ini peran Indonesia dalam keterlibatannya mengatasi pemanasan global. Dalam mengkaji peran Indonesia tersebut, perlu diuraikan 6 hal yang berkaitan dengan kontribusi Indonesia terhadap penanggulangan perubahan iklim, yakni : 1. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan Perekonomian Indonesia 2. Pertumbuhan dalam pertanian Indonesia 3. Emisi Karbon yang Terdeteksi Dihasilkan Indonesia 4. Emisi Tanah yang Terdeteksi Dihasilkan Indonesia 5. Emisi Gas dari Seluruh Rumah Kaca yang Terdeteksi Dihasilkan Indonesia 6. Perubahan dalam Pertanian Indonesia yang Berpotensi Mengurangi Pemanasan Global Dalam mengukur sejauh mana Indonesia berperan dalam menangani adanya perubahan iklim, maka terdapat 9 negara di Asia yang dapat diperbandingkan dengan Indonesia. Kesembilan negara-negara tersebut adalah negara berbasis pertanian : 1. Kamboja 6. Myanmar 2. China 7. Phillipines 3. India 8. Thailand 4. Laos 9. Viet Nam 5. Malaysia English Abstract: Although Indonesia has been known as a country that has succeeded in improving its economy, this achievement should not only be limited to economic achievements, but also to the extent to which a country is able to contribute to long-term sustainability, in various aspects of life on this planet. One thing that is quite crucial in the current world issue is the extent of the role of a country in promoting climate change, in this case, Indonesia's role in its involvement in dealing with global warming. In reviewing the role of Indonesia, it is necessary to elaborate 6 things related to Indonesia's contribution to climate change mitigation, namely: 1. Indonesia's economic growth and development 2. Growth in Indonesian agriculture 3. Detected Carbon Emissions Produced by Indonesia 4. Detected Land Emissions Produced by Indonesia 5. Gas Emissions from All Detected Greenhouses Produced by Indonesia 6. Changes in Indonesian Agriculture that Potentially Reduce Global Warming In measuring the extent to which Indonesia plays a role in dealing with climate change, there are 9 countries in Asia that can be compared with Indonesia. The nine countries are agriculture-based countries: 1. Cambodia 6. Myanmar 2. China 7. Philippines 3. India 8. Thailand 4. Laos 9. Viet Nam 5. Malaysia
Singular filaments organize chemical waves in three dimensions: I. Geometrically simple waves

Abstract This is the first of a series of papers on the anatomy of three-dimensional dissipative structures in excitable media. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky reagent provides examples. We describe the propagation of chemical waves in such media first in terms of “phase” in a cycle of excitation and relaxation, then in terms of chemical concentration surfaces. Phase singularities are shown to arise in a natural way as ring-like filaments in three dimensions. We describe the known methods of creating singularities and the simplest wave structure organized by a singular filament: the experimentally demonstrated scroll ring.
Feasibility study of a gap damper to control seismic isolator displacements in extreme earthquakes

SUMMARY Base isolation systems generally perform well under design-level ground motions to reduce both interstory drift and acceleration demands. During a maximum considered earthquake, however, large displacements in the base level may cause pounding between the structure and perimeter moat wall, which can lead to very high acceleration in the superstructure. A phased passive control device, or ‘gap damper’, has been conceived to control base isolator displacement during extreme events while having no effect on the isolation system performance for earthquakes up to design level. It is by introducing an appropriate initial gap that the device triggers additional energy dissipation during large earthquakes to limit displacements. Various combinations of hysteretic and viscous damping mechanisms are utilized to provide desired additional energy dissipation. A numerical study that assesses the ability of various gap damper models to reduce the base displacement by at least 25% while limiting the acceleration increase at the roof level that results from the sudden engagement of a damping device is devised. The energy dissipation level provided by the damper is optimized to provide the best possible performance. For base isolation systems with effective periods of isolation in the 2.5–3.0 s range, gap damper models incorporating a viscous dashpot are very effective in controlling displacement, whereas gap dampers restricted to a hysteretic damping mechanism are ineffective. The gap damper is less effective for systems with longer periods of isolation (3.5–4.0 s) because the lower target acceleration in this range is more difficult to meet. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling Organizational Rules in the Multi-agent Systems Engineering Methodology

Recently, two advances in agent-oriented software engineering have had a significant impact: the identification of interaction and coordination as the central focus of multi-agent systems design and the realization that the multi-agent organization is distinct from the agents that populate the system. This paper presents detailed guidance on how to integrate organizational rules into existing multi-agent methodologies. Specifically, we look at the Multi-agent Systems Engineering models to investigate how to integrate the existing abstractions of goals, roles, tasks, agents, and conversations with organizational rules and tasks. We then discuss how designs can be implemented using advanced as well as traditional coordination models.