cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serial Doppler echocardiographic follow-up of left ventricular diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis

A spectrum of left ventricular diastolic filling abnormalities noted on Doppler echocardiography has been demonstrated in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. To determine how these filling abnormalities evolve over time and the significance of any change, serial pulsed wave Doppler studies of left ventricular inflow were performed over 12.6 +/- 4.9 months in 41 consecutive patients (36 men and 15 women, mean age 59 +/- 11 years) with typical two-dimensional echocardiographic features of cardiac involvement. The measurements were peak left ventricular inflow in early diastole (E) and atrial contraction (A) velocities, E/A ratio, deceleration time and isovolumetric relaxation time. Patients were classified by mean left ventricular wall thickness into an early group (less than 15 mm) of 24 patients and an advanced group (greater than or equal to 15 mm) of 17 patients. The total group showed an increased E/A ratio (1.7 +/- 0.9 versus 1.4 +/- 0.9, p = 0.009) and decreased deceleration time (164 +/- 57 versus 174 +/- 51 ms, p = 0.11) at follow-up compared with baseline study. The early group showed significant changes in the E/A ratio (1.6 +/- 1.0 versus 1.2 +/- 0.7, p = 0.001) between the two studies. Seven patients (29%) in the early group showed a change from an abnormal relaxation or "normal" pattern to one of restriction, coincident with increased symptoms in six of these patients. Fifteen (88%) of the 17 patients in the advanced group did not show significant changes in the measures during the follow-up study, but these patients already showed a restrictive pattern.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coronary Artery Revascularization After Chest Wall Reconstruction With Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap

The standard incision for a cardiac operation is a median sternotomy. In special situations, alternative approaches are needed. We report a 53-year-old woman who required coronary artery bypass grafting 10 days after chest wall reconstruction with a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. We describe our technique, which allowed us to preserve the flap and resulted in good functional and aesthetic outcome.
Hydrothermal synthesis of acicular lead zirconate titanate (PZT)

Abstract The hydrothermal synthesis of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powder with acicular morphology using organic mineralizer, tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate (TMAH), has been investigated. The TMAH concentration and reaction time have a pronounced effect on the phase composition and morphology of the resultant powders. At 150°C phase pure PZT was obtained after 24 h in 0.5 m TMAH solution, and after 12 h in 1 m TMAH solution. TMAH concentrations lower than 0.5 m do not produce the PZT phase. At all TMAH concentrations, the appearance of a fibrous intermediate phase, Zr-modified tetragonal PX-phase PbTiO 3 is observed at the early stage of the hydrothermal process. Depending on the TMAH concentration, the intermediate either dissolves to form cube-shaped PZT (TMAH concentrations of 1–4 m) or transforms in situ to acicular PZT powder using its fibrous morphology as a template (TMAH concentrations of 0.5–0.75 m).
PREPARATION OF ADRENOTROPIC EXTRACTS AND THEIR ASSAY ON TWO-DAY CHICKS11

IT is WELL KNOWN that the adrenal cortex shows enlargement and increased func-tion following various experimental procedures and treatments. It is also certain that marked cortical atrophy follows hypophysectomy. Many investigators be-lieve that a specific anterior pituitary (adrenotropic) hormone normally supports cortical tissue and its functions, though Grollman (i), Fazekas (a) and others have questioned the existence of a specific adrenotropic hormone. The first qualitative and quantitative studies in this field were largely based on histological changes in the adrenal cortex. An historical review of the earlier studies was made by Collip (3).Reiss (4) described a specific Sudanophobic zone which appears in adrenals of hypophysectomized rats and which disappears upon treatment with hypophyseal adrenotropic extracts. In 1937 Moon (5) described a methodof assay of adrenotropic hormone which utilizes increase of adrenal weight in ai-day rats.
Brain death: justifications and critiques:

Controversies about the diagnosis and meaning of brain death have existed as long as the concept itself. Here we review the historical development of brain death, and then evaluate the various attempts to justify the claim that patients who are diagnosed as brain dead can be considered dead for all legal and social purposes, and especially with regard to procuring their vital organs for transplantation. While we agree with most commentators that death should be defined as the loss of integration of the functioning of the organism as a whole, we conclude that patients diagnosed as brain dead have not, in fact, lost this integrated functioning. We close with reflections on the implications of this conclusion generally and particularly with regard to organ transplantation, and briefly make reference to alternative approaches to justifying the procurement of transplantable organs that do not depend upon a flawed approach to the diagnosis of death.
Signaling Pathways Involved in Thrombin-induced Cell Protection

This study examined the signal transduction pathways involved in thrombin-induced neuroprotection and compares these results with those of a similar study of thrombin-induced neuronal death. In thrombin-induced protection of astrocytes from hypoglycemia, pretreatment of astrocytes with tyrosine or serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, cytochalasin D, or exoenzyme C3, a potent inhibitor of the small GTPase RhoA, attenuated thrombin-induced protection. These same inhibitors were previously shown to block thrombin-induced cell death, implying a similarity in the cell death and cell-protective pathways. Biochemical assays determined that thrombin increased available RhoA activity, although more slowly and to a lesser extent than occurs in thrombin-induced cell death. A clear difference in these pathways was revealed when a time course study of thrombin-induced cell death indicated that unlike thrombin-induced protection, cells must be exposed to thrombin for >16 h to irreversibly enter the cell death pathway. Addition of lower doses of thrombin every 24 h also induced cell death. These studies indicate that exposure of cells to micromolar concentrations of thrombin alone does not induce cell death, but the continued exposure to thrombin is required. Thus the cell death and protective pathways may share initial signaling proteins, but differences in the amplitude as well as the duration of the signal may result in different final pathways.
Molecular profiling in glioblastoma: prelude to personalized treatment.

The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the current knowledge and understanding of the molecular alterations and pathways relevant to the clinical outcome of glioblastoma patients and their potential use in designing personalized treatment for these patients. This article also discusses the potential of molecular profiling as a diagnostic modality, possible therapeutic implications of MGMT promoter methylation, the targeted inhibition of angiogenesis, and assessment of the tumor’s molecular background with respect to PI3K/AKT pathway activation and associated molecules (EGFR, EGFRvIII, PTEN).
Electrocatalytic response of carbohydrates at copper-alloy electrodes

The voltammetric responses observed for carbohydrates and polyalcohols at ∼0.60 V in 0.10 M NaOH are significantly larger at preanodized CuMn (95:5) electrodes as compared to preanodized pure Cu electrodes. Apparent values for the number of electrons transferred (napp) and the corresponding values of heterogeneous rate constants (kapp) are estimated for selected reactants from the slopes and intercepts, respectively, of Koutecký–Levich plots of background-corrected voltammetric currents obtained at CuMn and Cu rotated disk electrodes (RDEs). Values of napp (and kapp) for sorbitol and glucose are 11.8 (9.2×10−3 cm s−1) and 11.7 (8.0×10−3 cm s−1), respectively, at a CuMn RDE. These are compared to the values 10.4 (1.8×10−3 cm s−1) and 9.6 (2.0×10−3 cm s−1) for sorbitol and glucose, respectively, at a Cu RDE. The larger sensitivities observed at the CuMn RDE in comparison to the Cu RDE are concluded to be the beneficial result of larger kapp values at the alloy electrode. Furthermore, the larger kapp values are speculated to result from enhanced preadsorption of the reactant species at Mn(IV) sites in the preanodized CuMn surface. In flow-injection measurements, the peak signals obtained for successive injections of glucose using a CuMn electrode (0.60 V vs. SCE) were quite stable with a standard deviation of 1.5%. However, large day-to-day variations (±15%) observed in the average peak signals are attributed to the temperature sensitivities of the kapp value and the diffusion coefficient for glucose.
Comparison of the regulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in immature and adult rats.

A careful study of some factors influencing LH secretion and storage has been made in immature and adult rats of both sexes. The ovarian ascorbic acid assay for LH has been utilized throughout. The LH content of the anterior lobe was 19.8 μg/gland in immature females and 22.3 μg/gland in adults. In immature males the content (7.0 μg /gland) was lower than that in immature females and rose markedly to a value of 32.9 μg/gland in adults, a value which was greater than that found in adult females. No detectable LH was found in plasma from rats with intact gonads except in the case of adult males, in which minimal levels were detectable. Two to 3 weeks following gonadectomy, pituitary LH content had risen significantly in both adult females and immature males, whereas it remained unchanged in immature females and adult males. By contrast with the variable response to gonadectomy seen in the hypophysis, plasma LH activity increased significantly in all gonadectomized groups. When expressed on a weight basis, e...
The binding of 5-hydroxytryptamine to acidic lipids in isobutanol.

— In order to examine the possibility that acidic lipids can account for the binding of 5-hydroxy [3H]tryptamine (5-HT) to brain tissue, the binding to six acidic lipids was studied using an isobutanol-water partition method. With the exception of the polyphosphoinositides, all the acidic lipids examined bind saturably and with high affinity. The apparent dissociation constants of 5-HT to the acidic lipids were as follows: phosphatidylserine, 0.4 μM; phosphatidic acid, 0.6μM; diphosphoinositide, 0.8 μM; cerebroside sulfate, 1.4 μM; monophosphoinositide, 1.9 μM; and triphosphoinositide, 10 μM. The high affinity of these lipids to 5-HT raises the possibility of some role for them in serotonergic activity.
Cauchy and the infinitely small

Abstract We consider Cauchy's use of the infinitely small in his textbooks. He never examined fully his concept of variables with limit zero, and he sometimes argued as if he were using actual infinitesimals. Occasionally he adopted an epsilon-delta approach. The author argues that historical evaluations of mathematical analysis may and should be made in the light of both standard and non-standard analysis. From this point of view, Cauchy's move toward founding analysis entirely on the standard real number system does not seem to have been inevitable. Some historical observations by the founder of non-standard analysis, Abraham Robinson, are extended, and in one case contested. It is shown that some of Cauchy's alleged errors are explained if he is admitted to have been thinking of actual infinitesimals and infinitely large integers. Cauchy's definitions of differential in his textbooks are examined, and the author shows that the earlier of his two definitions of total differential works well, but the later does not.
In vivo electrochemical studies of gradient effects of (SC) cocaine on dopamine and serotonin release in dorsal striatum of conscious rats.

Cocaine (20 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously (SC) to conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats after exploration in a novel chamber. (SC) cocaine was studied for its influence on in vivo dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) release in dorsal striatum (STr), with a further study of an anterior-posterior dorsal subdivision in a range of ± 400 μm. Semiderivative voltammetry, a circuit for in vivo electrochemical biotechnologies, was used in combinatiion with a stearate microelectrode to concurrently detect in separate electrochemical signals the elctroactive species for DA and 5-HT in dorsal STr. The temporal resolution for detection was in the order of seconds. Concomitantly, cocaine-induced pcyhostimulant behaviors were studied with infrared photobeam detection. Psychostimulant behaviors classically thought to depend on DA—that is, hyperactivity (increased locomotor activity or ambulations), rearing, and finally stereotypy (fine movements of grooming and head bob)—and a 5-HT-ergic behavior, central ambulations, were monitored. The results showed that (SC) cocaine significantly (p < 0.0001) increased DA release in dorsal STr, whereas the overall effect of (SC) cocaine on 5-HT release was a significant increase (p < 0.0001) followed by an overall small (13%) but statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05). A dramatic cocaine-induced gradient effect on 5-HT release was seen in anterior-posterior dorsal STr, where 5-HT release was significantly (p < 0.0001) increased throughout the entire time period of study. Classically DA-dependent behaviors were significantly and positively correlated with increased DA release in dorsal STr and anterior-posterior dorsal STr(p < 0.001) in the 4-h period of study. However, 5-HT release after cocaine in the anterior-posterior dorsal STr was significantly and positively correlated with the classically DA-dependent behaviors as well (p < 0.001), implicating a role for 5-HT in the effectuation of cocaine-induced psychostimulant behavior. Generally, the 5-HT-ergic response to cocaine was enhanced before the DA-ergic response. Therefore, the data show that 5-HT as well as DA plays a role on the underlying mechanism of action of cocaine in dorsal STr. The data suggest that 5-HT may play a compensatory or adaptive role in the modulation of cocaine-induced nigrostriatal DA-ergic regulation.
Morphologic abnormalities in the postnatal differentiation of CA1 pyramidal cells and granule cells in the hippocampal formation of the Ataxic mouse

The postnatal differentiation of the hippocampal formation of the ataxic mouse was studied. Brains from ataxic mice (axJ/axJ) and littermate controls (+/?), from 19 to 51 days of age, were either impregnated according to a Golgi-Cox procedure or sectioned and stained with Weil-hematoxylin and Darrow Red. The hippocampus and dentate gyrus, although somewhat reduced in cross-sectional area in the ataxic brain, appeared to have a normal complement of both pyramidal cells and granule cells, respectively. Examination of Golgi-Cox material showed significant differences in the differentiation of the dendritic tree of both pyramidal and granule cells. At 41 days the height of the apical dendrite of CA1 pyramidal cells in the ataxic brain was 76% of the control value, and the width was only 35%. Similarly, the basal dendritic tree was narrower in the ataxic mouse. In the dentate gyrus of the 41-day ataxic brain, the height of the granule cell dendritic tree was only 74% of the control value. These and other alterations in the dendritic morphology of both CA1 pyramidal cells and granule cells can be explained by a lack of growth of the dendritic tree during the developmental period studied. These findings are discussed in relation to other studies on intrinsic and extrinsic factors and their effect on normal hippocampal differentiation.
E.coli PhoE porin has an opposite voltage‐dependence to the homologous OmpF

We used patch clamp analysis to compare the electrophysiological behavior of two related porins from Escherichia coli, the anion-specific PhoE and the cation-selective OmpF. Outer membrane fractions were obtained from strains expressing just one of these porin types, and the channels were reconstituted into liposomes without prior purification. We show that the orientation of the reconstituted channels is not random and is the same for both PhoE and OmpF. Like cation-selective porins, PhoE shows fast and slow gating to closed levels of various amplitudes, testifying that the channels visit multiple functional states and behave as cooperative entities. The voltage-dependence of PhoE closure is asymmetric, but strikingly, occurs at voltages of inverse polarity from those promoting closures of OmpC and OmpF. Both slow kinetics and inverse voltage-dependence are removed when 70 amino acids from the N-terminal of OmpF are introduced into the homologous region of PhoE. This novel observation regarding the voltage-dependence of the two channel types, along with published results on PhoE and OmpF mutants, allows us to propose a molecular mechanism for voltage sensing and sensor charge movements in bacterial porins. It also offers new cues on the possible physiological relevance in bacteria of this common form of channel modulation.
Geometrically exact physics-based modeling and computer animation of highly flexible 1D mechanical systems

This paper presents a geometrically exact beam theory and a corresponding displacement-based finite-element model for modeling, analysis and natural-looking animation of highly flexible beam components of multibody systems undergoing huge static/dynamic rigid-elastic deformations. The beam theory fully accounts for geometric nonlinearities and initial curvatures by using Jaumann strains, concepts of local displacements and orthogonal virtual rotations, and three Euler angles to exactly describe the coordinate transformation between the undeformed and deformed configurations. To demonstrate the accuracy and capability of this nonlinear beam element, nonlinear static and dynamic analysis of two highly flexible beams are performed, including the twisting a circular ring into three small rings and the spinup of a flexible helicopter rotor blade (Graphical abstract). These numerical results reveal that the proposed nonlinear beam element is accurate and versatile for modeling, analysis and 3D rendering and animation of multibody systems with highly flexible beam components.
Suppression of mitoxantrone cardiotoxicity in multiple sclerosis patients by dexrazoxane.

Objective To explore the potential of dexrazoxane to suppress subclinical cardiotoxicity in MS patients receiving mitoxantrone. Methods An open-label study was performed to evaluate possible subclinical cardiotoxicity in multiple sclerosis patients treated quarterly with mitoxantrone (48mg/m2 cumulative), with and without concomitant dexrazoxane, using blinded serial radionucleide ventriculography. Results No patient experienced symptoms of heart failure. Patients receiving dexrazoxane, which is cardioprotective for anthracyclines, exhibited a significantly lesser decline in left ventricular ejection fraction (mean change, −3.80% vs −8.55%, p < 0.001). Interpretation These results support a cardioprotective effect of dexrazoxane in mitoxantrone treated multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2006;59:206–209
Accelerating shadow rays using volumetric occluders and modified kd-tree traversal

Monte Carlo ray tracing remains a simple and elegant method for generating robust shadows. This approach, however, is often hampered by the time needed to evaluate the numerous shadow ray queries required to generate a high-quality image. We propose the use of volumetric occluders stored within a kd-tree in order to accelerate shadow rays cast on a closed, watertight mesh. Intersection with a volumetric occluder is much cheaper than intersection with mesh geometry, although performing these intersections requires modification to the traversal order through the kd-tree. We propose two such modifications, both of which enable the use of volumetric occluders for cheap shadow ray termination. We also propose using a software-managed cache to store and reuse volumetric occluders for even earlier termination. Our approach provides a performance improvement of up to 2.0x for our test scenes while producing images identical to those produced by the unaccelerated baseline.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STAMINATE FLOWER IN THE DWARF MISTLETOE, ARCEUTHOBIUM

A B S T R A C T A study of the staminate flower of Arceuthobium provided information on the development of the central cushion and the archesporial cells of the anther. From this study it was not possible to substantiate claims that the central cushion of the flower represents a rudimentary pistil. The archesporium of the anther was found to be unilocular from the very beginning and not derived by a breakdown of partitions and subsequent fusion of several locules as previously reported. THE DWARF mistletoes are flowering plants which grow as parasites on various coniferous hosts. An extensive haustorium within the host produces the aerial portion of the plant, the inflorescence, composed of spike-like cymes bearing either staminate (Fig. 2) or pistillate flowers. The staminate flower-the subject of this study-is extremely simple in structure and remarkably uniform throughout the genus. However, the staminate flower has certain features considered to be unique among angiosperms (Johnson, 1888; Dowding, 1931). Although the staminate flower has been extensively described, there are differences of opinion concerning development and interpretation of certain floral structures. Because different interpretations of floral development were based on observations of isolated collections of young flowers or from observations of mature specimens, important stages in floral development may have been overlooked. Because of this possibility, especially in view of the meager knowledge of anther ontogeny in the genus, a modern developmental approach to the problem is desirable. The present investigation is, therefore, designed to study staminate flower development in greater detail than has been previously reported and to discuss some of the older interpretations of the staminate flower in the light of this study. The materials and methods employed in this study are essentially similar to those cited in a previous paper (Cohen, 1963). The species examined are A. americanum Nutt. ex Engelm., A. campylopodum Engelm., and A. douglasii Engelm.
Participation in a freshman design sequence and its influence on students' attitudes towards engineering

This study focuses on freshman attitudes and beliefs about engineering in a newly introduced engineering curriculum that emphasizes holistic design experiences to portray the discipline of engineering. To precisely measure these constructs, a well documented survey instrument (PFEAS) was employed. The two comparison groups were: the new design-based sequence (DS) and the previous traditional sequence (TS). The study was conducted at a time when both the sequences were available for direct comparison. Data were collected twice (pre- and post-), and changes in groups' attitudes were examined with repeated measures analysis of covariance models. We have found that freshmen join the program with positive perceptions about engineering. Students in the DS group have higher ACT scores, enjoy math and science the most, do not believe engineering to be an exact science, and have stronger parental influence in selecting engineering as a major. We did not observe appreciable group differences in how attitudes changed over time; perhaps one semester of engineering experience was not enough to effect an appreciable change in freshman attitudes. Our study forms the foundation for a longitudinal study to track attitudinal changes for the complete cycle of the design sequence. This formative evaluation will help to further understand and improve the curriculum design efforts.
Age-related changes in the spinal antinociceptive effects of DAGO, DPDPE and β-endorphin in the rat

These studies were designed to investigate how the aging process alters the spinal antinociceptive efficacy of mu (μ), delta (δ) and epsilon (e) opioid receptor agonists administered intrathecally (i.t.) in rats. Various doses of the μ agonist DAGO, the δ agonist DPDPE or the putative e agonist β-endorphin were injected i.t. in young (5–6-month-old), mature (15–16-month-old) and aged (25–26-month-old) Fischer 344 rats. Antinociception was measured using the rat tail-flick analgesiometric assay. The data demonstrated a decline in spinal opioid-induced antinociception as a function of age. For instance, the i.t. dose of DPDPE or β-endorphin needed to produce antinociception in the 25–26-month-old rats was higher than that needed to elevate tail-flick latency in the young and mature animals. We also noted that the i.t. doses of the opioid agonists needed to produce ‘antinociception’ in the aged cohort were within a range of spinal doses that produced motor impairment. Apparently, the aging process alters the ability of opioid receptors to mediate antinociception. Perhaps an age-related decrease in the number and/or affinity of opioid receptor sites in the rat spinal cord accounts for these observations.
A perspective on controlling quantum phenomena

Controlling dynamical processes at the atomic and molecular scales with laser radiation has been a long-standing dream. The Faraday Discussion presented a cross section of the current experimental and theoretical advances as well as the challenges for the field. This paper summarizes the current status of controlling quantum dynamics phenomena and provides a perspective on the future.
On Depth-Three Graded Lie Algebras of Characteristic Three with Classical Reductive Null Component

Abstract We consider the finite-dimensional transitive irreducible graded Lie algebras of depth three over an algebraically closed field of characteristic three with classical reductive component L 0, and show that the L 0-module L −1 in such algebras must be restricted. This result contrasts with the depth-one case, in which non-restricted modules L −1 can occur, but is similar to the depth-two case, where L −1 is necessarily restricted.
Using Graduated in Vivo Exposure to Treat a Claustrophobic Response to Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: Hispanic Male Veteran Associates Nasal Mask With Gas Masks Worn During Combat

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the preferred treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome because it safely and effectively reduces or eliminates nighttime upper airway obstruction...
Computed tomographic colonography without cathartic preparation performed well in detecting colorectal polyps.

Iannaccone R, Laghi A, Catalano C, et al . Computed tomographic colonography without cathartic preparation for the detection of colorectal polyps. Gastroenterology 2004;127:1300–11. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q What is the diagnostic performance of low dose multidetector computed tomographic colonography (CTC) without bowel cathartic preparation compared with optical colonoscopy for detection of colonic polyps? Clinical impact ratings IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★☆ Oncology ★★★★★☆☆ Gastroenterology ★★★★★☆☆ Geriatrics ★★★★★☆☆ ### ![Graphic][5] Design: blinded comparison of CTC with optical colonoscopy. ### ![Graphic][6] Setting: a university hospital in Rome, Italy. ### ![Graphic][7] Patients: 203 patients ⩾35 years of age (mean age 61 y, 69% men) who were scheduled to have optical colonoscopy because of average risk colorectal cancer screening, personal or family history of colorectal polyps, family history of colorectal cancer, abnormal screening test result, iron deficiency anaemia, haematochezia, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, or weight loss. Exclusion criteria were history of familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary non-polyposis cancer syndromes; previous colorectal surgery; suspected inflammatory bowel disease, bowel obstruction, or acute diverticulitis; contraindications … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGastroenterology%26rft.stitle%253DGastroenterology%26rft.volume%253D127%26rft.spage%253D1300%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1053%252Fj.gastro.2004.08.025%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15520999%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1053/j.gastro.2004.08.025&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15520999&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F10%2F2%2F55.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000225049800005&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
What Is Complexity Science? It Is Really Order-Creation Science

(2001). What Is Complexity Science? It Is Really Order-Creation Science. Emergence: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 137-157.
The Role of Personality in Task and Relationship Conflict

Two studies explored the extent to which dispositions influence the attributions individuals make about the type of conflict they experience. Traits from the Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM) were linked to the tendency to experience task-and relationship-oriented conflict. Results provide some support for the idea that individuals have stable tendencies in the attributions they make about their conflict experiences across time, partners, and situations. Agreeableness and openness were related to reports of relationship conflict at the individual level. However, the strongest effects of personality on conflict attributions were found in the analysis of dyads. This analysis revealed that partner levels of extraversion and conscientiousness were associated with individuals' tendencies to report relationship conflict. Moreover, mean levels of extraversion and conscientiousness in a pair were associated with reports of relationship conflict. Differences between partners in extraversion were associated with more frequent conflict and a greater likelihood of reporting task-related conflict. Implications of these findings with respect to the role of personality in interpersonal relationships are discussed. Finally, these studies provide confirmatory evidence that conflict attributions have a meaningful impact on relationship satisfaction.
Lingual‐Facial‐Buccal Movements in the Elderly. II. Pathogenesis and Relationship to Senile Chorea

On the basis of clinical similarities, pathologic implications and the response to pharmacologic agents, it would seem that spontaneous lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesia of the elderly and senile chorea represent the early versus the final manifestations of the same degenerative process within the striatum.
New drugs of 2003.

ABSTRACT Objectives To provide information regarding the most important properties of the new therapeutic agents marketed in 2003. Data Sources Product labeling supplemented selectively with published studies and drug information reference sources. Study Selection By the author. Data Extraction By the author. Data Synthesis The 28 new therapeutic agents marketed in the United States during 2003 are reviewed in this article: adalimumab, agalsidase beta, ale- facept, alfuzosin hydrochloride, aprepitant, atazanavir sulfate, atomoxetine hydrochloride, bortezomib, daptomycin, efalizumab, eletriptan hydrobromide, emtricitabine, enfuvirtide, eplerenone, gefitinib, icodextrin, laronidase, memantine hydrochloride, mequinol/tretinoin, miglustat, nitazoxanide, omal- izumab, palonosetron hydrochloride, pegvisomant, rosuvastatin calcium, tadalafil, tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab, and vardenafil hydrochloride. Indications and information on dosage and administration for these agents are reviewed, as are the most important pharmacokinetic properties, adverse events, drug interactions, and other precautions. Practical considerations for the use of the new agents are also discussed. When possible, the properties of the new drugs are compared with those of older drugs marketed for the same indications. Conclusion A number of the new therapeutic agents marketed in 2003 have important advantages over older medications. An understanding of the properties of these agents is important for the pharmacist to effectively counsel patients about their use and to serve as a valuable source of information for other health professionals regarding these drugs.
"Speaking Nearby:" A Conversation with Trinh T. Minh–ha

NANCY N. CHEN: One of themostimportantquestions for myself deals with the personal. In your latest film SHOOT FOR THE CONTENTS Clairmonte Moore refers to himself as "a member of the residual class" which is a euphemism for "living underground, for living outside the norm, and for living outside of the status quo." Then another character Dewi refers to having the "pull" of being here and there. I think that this reflects on the personal and I would like to ask how your family background or personal experience has influenced your work,
Statistical Mechanics of a Nonideal Boson Gas: Pair Hamiltonian Model

This work is concerned with a microscopic model of a nonideal boson gas. The Hamiltonian is treated in a rigorous manner free of all approximations and, in particular, the Bogoliubov approximation of replacing the zero-momentum single-particle creation and destruction operators by a $c$ number is entirely avoided. Utilizing a method due to Wentzel, the Hamiltonian is replaced by one involving products of two second quantized operators which, in general, can be diagonalized. This replacement is shown to be rigorously valid in the infinite volume limit for all temperatures despite the avoidance of the Bogoliubov approximation. It is found that the assumption of a positive-definite quasiparticle excitation spectrum $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\mathrm{k})$ becomes untenable for temperatures $T$ less than a critical value ${T}_{c}$, if the interparticle potential is described by a certain kernel which possesses positive eigenvalues only, corresponding to a sufficiently repulsive interparticle force. Assuming that $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\mathrm{k})=0$ only for k=0, it is found that for $Tl{T}_{c}$ the system undergoes an Einstein condensation into the k=0 single-particle state, and the integral equations characterizing the system are precisely the same as would be obtained if the Bogoliubov approximation were made, proving within the framework of this model the strict validity of this approximation procedure. The well-known criterion for an Einstein condensation $v(0)g0$, where $v(\mathrm{k})$ is the Fourier transform of the interparticle potential, is shown to be a weaker statement of our eigenvalue criterion. Further, in agreement with Girardeau and Arnowitt, it is found that an energy gap separates $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(0)$ and $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\mathrm{k})$ for $kg0$. An approximation method is developed for solving the integral equations which describe those systems which undergo an Einstein condensation, and it is shown that this method can be justified if $|T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}|\ensuremath{\lesssim}\frac{{T}_{c}}{10}$, and in cases of short-range repulsive interparticle forces and systems for which $\ensuremath{\rho}v(0)$ possesses a certain prescribed upper bound, $\ensuremath{\rho}$ being the number of particles per unit volume. The transition temperature is found to be lower than the corresponding quantity for the ideal boson gas of the same density. A detailed discussion of the thermal properties of the system in the vicinity of ${T}_{c}$ is also given. In an Appendix a general type of smeared Einstein condensation is assumed, and it is found that for systems in which this property occurs $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\mathrm{k})$ is linear for small $k$. This ansatz is shown to be tenable only if $v(0)l0$. Finally, by assuming an appropriate pseudopotential representation of a hard repulsive core and by including a weak, longranged attractive force between particles, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\mathrm{k})$ shows a nonmonotonic behavior of the same qualitative type as observed in liquid ${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$.
Experimental study of sacculotomy in endolymphatic hydrops

Thirty-nine guinea pigs were used for four groups of experiments: 1. sacculotomy only, 2. sacculotomy and simultaneous obliteration of the endolymphatic duct, 3. sacculotomy followed by obliteration of the endolymphatic duct, and 4. obliteration of the endolymphatic duct followed by sacculotomy. Sacculotomy alone caused only minimal cochlear pathology, whereas sacculotomy on hydropic ears produced severe atrophy of the organ of Corti and cochlear neurons as well as connective cells of the limbus. There was histological evidence that Reissner's membrane in hydropic ears was ruptured by the sacculotomy procedure. The primary cause for the severe atrophic changes is thought to be the toxic effect of intermixing perilymph with a large volume of endolymph.
Holographic walking technicolor from D-branes

Abstract We investigate a model of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking via a dual gravitational description. The gravity dual is obtained by embedding a D 7 – D 7 ¯ pair of branes into a type IIB background that is dual to a walking gauge theory. We develop further a previous study of this model. In particular, we show that there is a nontrivial relation that needs to be satisfied in order for axial-vector modes to exist. Furthermore, we compute explicitly the electroweak S parameter. The result is positive-definite and, as was to be expected, much smaller than in earlier QCD-like D-brane constructions. We also find the masses and decay constants of the vector and axial-vector mesons in this model. This allows us to obtain another estimate for S by summing the contributions of the discrete states. It is noteworthy that, in contrast to previous holographic studies, the sum of the first several lowest-lying states does give a very good approximation to the full answer.
Spin-state-associated ligand distortion and complex solution equilibrium for a pair of Fe(II) pyridyl-imidazoline complexes

Abstract Reported herein are the magnetic and structural properties as well as solution equilibrium investigation for a pair of iron (II) pyridyl-imidazoline complexes: [Fe(pizMe)Cl2]2 (1) and [Fe(pizMe)3](FeCl4) (2), where pizMe = 2-(2′-pyridinyl)-4,5-dihydro-1-methylimidazole. Dinuclear complex 1 contains high-spin iron (II) centers and a “flat” pizMe ligand (planar at the imidazoline N atom), while the pizMe-containing complex in 2 exhibits characteristics of a low-spin iron (II) center and a pyramidalized pizMe ligand. In solution, the two complexes are present in equilibrium as evinced through NMR and electronic absorption spectral studies. Spin-state switching between 1 and 2 in methanolic solution is a result of ligand lability.
Psychoacoustics of a chilling sound.

We digitally synthesized versions of the sound of a sharp object scraping across a slate surface (which mimics the sound of fingernails scraping across a blackboard) to determine whether spectral content or amplitude contour contributed to its obnoxious quality. Using magnitude estimation, listeners rated each synthesized sound’s unpleasantness. Contrary to intuition, removal of low, but not of high, frequencies lessened the sound’s unpleasantness. Manipulations of the signal amplitude had no significant impact on listeners’ unpleasantness estimates. Evidently, low-frequency spectral factors contribute primarily to the discomfort associated with this sound.
NF-κB, but not p38 MAP Kinase, is required for TNF-α-induced expression of cell adhesion molecules in endothelial cells

In response to inflammation stimuli, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) in endothelial cells (ECs). Studies have suggested that the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the p38 MAP kinase (p38) signaling pathways play central roles in this process, but conflicting results have been reported. The objective of this study is to determine the relative contributions of the two pathways to the effect of TNF-alpha. Our initial data indicated that blockade of p38 activity by chemical inhibitor SB203580 (SB) at 10 microM moderately inhibited TNF-alpha-induced expression of three types of CAMs; ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin, indicating that p38 may be involved in the process. However, subsequent analysis revealed that neither 1 microM SB that could completely inhibit p38 nor specific knockdown of p38alpha and p38beta with small interference RNA (siRNA) had an apparent effect, indicating that p38 activity is not essential for TNF-alpha-induced CAMs. The most definitive evidence to support this conclusion was from the experiments using cells differentiated from p38alpha knockout embryonic stem cells. We could show that deletion of p38alpha gene did not affect TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression when compared with wild-type cells. We further demonstrated that inhibition of NF-kappaB completely blocked TNF-alpha-induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that NF-kappaB, but not p38, is critical for TNF-alpha-induced CAM expression. The inhibition of SB at 10 microM on TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin is likely due to the nonspecific effect of SB.
Relationship of dietary intake to the development of glomerulosclerosis in obese Zucker rats

Abstract Obese Zucker rats are hyperphagic and develop premature glomerulosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of restriction of dietary intake on this glomerulosclerosis. The obese and lean male Zucker rats were fed with restricted amounts of balanced diet for periods of 40 and 50 weeks, sacrificed, and the body weight, the light and ultrastructural alterations of glomeruli, and the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and cholesterol were examined. Obese and lean male rats of identical ages were fed ad libitum with the diet and studied similarly. The dietary restriction significantly lessened the development of the glomerulosclerosis in obese rats, while those on the nonrestricted diet manifested an advanced glomerulosclerosis. The dietary restriction, however, did not normalize the obesity nor correct the elevated serum lipid level to the range of lean control rats. The spontaneous glomerular lesions of the obese rats were characterized by segmental mesangial expansion, disappearance of podocytes and endothelia, and obliteration of capillary lumina. The lean rats maintained essentially normal renal morphology. A similar study on the renal morphology done in female Zucker rats also revealed a preventive effect of dietary restriction on the development of glomerulosclerosis. In conclusion, there is a strong association between the glomerulosclerosis and the hyperphagia of the obese Zucker rats, both in males and females, and the emergence of this lesion is preventable to a significant degree.
The temperature-independent component of the diaelastic effect☆

Abstract Relaxation and resonance effects are well known in the internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation literature. In recent years a new kind of response, the diaelastic effect, has become useful in the characterization of defects in solids. The diaelastic effect is analogous to the diamagnetic effect for magnetic materials, and corresponds to the stress-induced generation of dipoles in the crystal, in contrast to the stress-induced ordering of preexisting dipoles, which leads to relaxation effects. The response is temperature- and frequency-independent, but does depend on polarization. The latter feature makes it useful in characterizing the symmetry of defects. Examples for different crystal types are discussed. The known diaelastic response of crystals containing interstitials has been used to construct a model according to which liquid and amorphous metals are crystals containing a few percent of self-interstitials. The phenomenological aspects of the model do not depend, however, on the microscopic configuration, but only on the diaelastic properties known experimentally to be universal for amorphous materials.
A note on the weighted tardiness problem

We identify a condition characterizing adjacent jobs in an optimal sequence for the weighted tardiness problem. This condition can be used as an effective pruning device in enumerative methods. Further, we show that the Modified Due Date Rule is a special case of this condition. Lastly, we identify a set of circumstances under which the first job in an optimal sequence can be determined without fully solving the problem.
Cumulative Total Effective Whole-Body Radiation Dose in Critically Ill Patients

Background Uncertainty exists about a safe dose limit to minimize radiation-induced cancer. Maximum occupational exposure is 20 mSv/y averaged over 5 years with no more than 50 mSv in any single year. Radiation exposure to the general population is less, but the average dose in the United States has doubled in the past 30 years, largely from medical radiation exposure. We hypothesized that patients in a mixed-use surgical ICU (SICU) approach or exceed this limit and that trauma patients were more likely to exceed 50 mSv because of frequent diagnostic imaging. Methods Patients admitted into 15 predesignated SICU beds in a level I trauma center during a 30-day consecutive period were prospectively observed. Effective dose was determined using Huda's method for all radiography, CT imaging, and fluoroscopic examinations. Univariate and multivariable linear regressions were used to analyze the relationships between observed values and outcomes. Results Five of 74 patients (6.8%) exceeded exposures of 50 mSv. Univariate analysis showed trauma designation, length of stay, number of CT scans, fluoroscopy minutes, and number of general radiographs were all associated with increased doses, leading to exceeding occupational exposure limits. In a multivariable analysis, only the number of CT scans and fluoroscopy minutes remained significantly associated with increased whole-body radiation dose. Conclusions Radiation levels frequently exceeded occupational exposure standards. CT imaging contributed the most exposure. Health-care providers must practice efficient stewardship of radiologic imaging in all critically ill and injured patients. Diagnostic benefit must always be weighed against the risk of cumulative radiation dose.
Experiments in Sentence Language Identification with Groups of Similar Languages

Language identification is a simple problem that becomes much more difficult when its usual assumptions are broken. In this paper we consider the task of classifying short segments of text in closely-related languages for the Discriminating Similar Languages shared task, which is broken into six subtasks, (A) Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian, (B) Indonesian and Malay, (C) Czech and Slovak, (D) Brazilian and European Portuguese, (E) Argentinian and Peninsular Spanish, and (F) American and British English. We consider a number of different methods to boost classification performance, such as feature selection and data filtering, but we ultimately find that