cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TcruziKB: Enabling Complex Queries for Genomic Data Exploration

We developed a novel analytical environment to aid in the examination of the extensive amount of interconnected data available for genome projects. Our focus is to enable flexibility and abstraction from implementation details, while retaining the expressivity required for post-genomic research. To achieve this goal, we associated genomics data to ontologies and implemented a query formulation and execution environment with added visualization capabilities. We use ontology schemas to guide the user through the process of building complex queries in a flexible Web interface. Queries are serialized in SPARQL and sent to servers via Ajax. A component for visualization of the results allows researchers to explore result sets in multiple perspectives to suit different analytical needs. We show a use case of semantic computing with real world data. We demonstrate facilitated access to information through expressive queries in a flexible and friendly user interface. Our system scores 90.54% in a user satisfaction evaluation with 30 subjects. In comparison with traditional genome databases, preliminary evaluation indicates a reduction of the amount of user interaction required to answer the provided sample queries.
Modern trends in oesophageal surgery

Changes in the practice of oesophageal surgery have paralleled the increased incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), the introduction of minimally invasive techniques, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of oesophageal disease, advances in instrumentation and the surge of molecular biological interests. The recent explosion of bariatric surgery in the USA has also opened new dimensions for investigation of the effects of bariatric procedures on oesophageal function. Pathophysiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease There is evidence that the biomechanical alterations of the lower oesophageal sphincter are related to gastric distension resulting in an unfolding of the sphincter which in turn allows gastric content to damage the mucosa of the lower oesophagus. 1 There is now evidence to support the concept that ‘cardiac’ mucosa at the interface of the squamous and columnar epithelia is an acquired sequel to acid-induced squamous mucosal injury, and is not a normal epithelium. 2
Microstructure, elastic properties and deformation mechanisms of horn keratin.

The structure and mechanical properties of the horns from a desert bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis, were examined. Horns must be strong and durable as they are subjected to extreme loading impacts, making them superior structural materials. Horns are composed of a-keratin, a fibrous, structural protein found in hair, nails, claws and hooves. Horns have a lamellar structure (2–5 lm in thickness) stacked in the radial direction with tubules (� 40 � 100 lm in diameter) dispersed between the lamellae, extending along the length of the horn in the growth direction. Compression and bending tests were conducted in both rehydrated and ambient dried conditions. The yield strength and elastic modulus are anisotropic and are correlated with the orientation of the tubules. Rehydrated samples showed significant loss of strength and modulus. Microscopy of fractured samples revealed several toughening mechanisms: delamination and ligament bridging in bending and delamination and microbuckling of the lamellae in compression.
SWST: A Disk Based Index for Sliding Window Spatio-Temporal Data

Numerous applications such as wireless communication and telematics need to keep track of evolution of spatio-temporal data for a limited past. Limited retention may even be required by regulations. In general, each data entry can have its own user specified lifetime. It is desired that expired entries are automatically removed by the system through some garbage collection mechanism. This kind of limited retention can be achieved by using a sliding window semantics similar to that from stream data processing. However, due to the large volume and relatively long lifetime of data in the aforementioned applications (in contrast to the real-time transient streaming data), the sliding window here needs to be maintained for data on disk rather than in memory. It is a new challenge to provide fast access to the information from the recent past and, at the same time, facilitate efficient deletion of the expired entries. In this paper, we propose a disk based, two-layered, sliding window indexing scheme for discretely moving spatio-temporal data. Our index can support efficient processing of standard time slice and interval queries and delete expired entries with almost no overhead. In existing historical spatio-temporal indexing techniques, deletion is either infeasible or very inefficient. Our sliding window based processing model can support both current and past entries, while many existing historical spatio-temporal indexing techniques cannot keep these two types of data together in the same index. Our experimental comparison with the best known historical index (i.e., the MV3R tree) for discretely moving spatio-temporal data shows that our index is about five times faster in terms of insertion time and comparable in terms of search performance. MV3R follows a partial persistency model, whereas our index can support very efficient deletion and update.
Detection of Estrus-Related Odors in Cows by Trained Dogs

Four German Shepherd and 2 Labrador Retriever dogs with previous experience in olfactory detection of explosives were trained to detect and respond to samples from estrous cows. Performance of the dogs was tested in trials consisting of simultaneous presentation of swabs from the vaginas of estrous and diestrous cows. Seven experiments were conducted, each consisting of several sessions of testing. In the first experiment, estrous-diestrous pairs of samples from the same cow (within-cow comparisons) were used repeatedly over successive sessions and the dogs averaged 8 1.6% correct detections of samples from estrous cows. In the second experiment, withincow pairs of samples were used again, but samples from a different cow were introduced after every 10 trials. The dogs averaged 68.1% correct detections in the second experiment. The third experiment was identical to the second, except that it took place in a dairy farmyard setting and the dogs’ overall score rose to 79.5% correct detections.The fourth, fifthand sixth experiments were conducted indoors as the first two had been. The fourth experiment was designed to make detection more difficult and within-cow pairs of samples were changed afterevery trial. The dogs averaged 80.7% correct detections. In the fifth experiment, pairs of samples from S cows were used during each of 3 sessionsof testing. Each sample from a cow in estrus was paired with a sample from the same cow indiestrusand also with the diestroussamples from each of the other 4 cows. The dogs averaged 80.9% correct detectionsof estrous samples. In the sixth experiment, a limited number of urine samples from estrous and diestrouscows was used and the dogs correctly identifiedthe estroussamples in 77.8% of the trials. In experiment 7, 4 dogs were tested in a farmyard settingwith livecows. Three cows, 1 in estrus and the other 2 between Days 6 and 12 postestrus,were used during each of 12 sessions of testing. Each session involved a new group of cows. The dogs averaged 87.3% correctdetections of estrous cows, The results of these experiments indicate that a specific odor is associated with estrus in cows and that specially trained dogs can detect the odor.
Total dietary antioxidant index and survival in patients with glioblastoma multiforme

Objectives The role of antioxidants in survival of cancer patients is controversial. No data on the relationships between antioxidant intake and survival of glioma patients are available. Our objective was to examine such association in a large series of cases.
Links between analysis of surrogate endpoints and endogeneity.

There has been substantive interest in the assessment of surrogate endpoints in medical research. These are measures which could potentially replace “true” endpoints in clinical trials and lead to studies that require less follow-up. Recent research in the area has focused on assessments using causal inference frameworks. Beginning with a simple model for associating the surrogate and true endpoints in the population, we approach the problem as one of endogenous covariates. An instrumental variables estimator and general two-stage algorithm is proposed. Existing surrogacy frameworks are then evaluated in the context of the model. In addition, we define an extended relative effect estimator as well as a sensitivity analysis for assessing what we term the treatment instrumentality assumption. A numerical example is used to illustrate the methodology.
Solution structure of a homodimeric hypothetical protein, At5g22580, a structural genomics target from Arabidopsis thaliana.

The Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics(CESG) is a collaborative effort aiming to expandthe knowledge of sequence-structure-function rela-tionships by solving a large number of three dimen-sional protein structures, in a high throughput fashion.CESG’s initial target is the genome of the model plant
HYDROLOGY, FLOODS AND DROUGHTS | Drought

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by D A Wilhite, volume 2, pp 650–658, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Pattern Identifications for Stroke Patients admitted to National Rehabilitation Center using Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke-III

Purpose: This study aims to report the distribution of pattern identifications for stroke patients admitted National Rehabilitation Center (NRC) by using Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke-III. Methods: Using Korean Standard Pattern Identification for Stroke-III, two Korean traditional medicine doctors conducted independent tests on total 50 patients admitted to NRC from June 2013 through November 2013, who were 20 years and older. The descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the distribution of pattern identification for subjects. ANOVA was used to analyze the difference in ages and K-MBI means according to the pattern identification, while Pearson’s chi -square test and Fisher’s exact testwere used to analyze difference in sex, type of stroke, and disease period within pattern groups, and to analyze the difference of pattern distribution between those who were 65 or older and those who were 64 or younger. Results: Average age for the 50 subjects is 56.7±11.0 years, with 33 men and 17 women. There were 37 patients of cerebral in farction, 13more than patients of cerebral hemorrhage, while the largest groupwith 24 patients developed strokeminimum 3months andmaximum 6months before. K-MBI mean was 55.7±18.6. 22 patients were qi deficiency type and 15 were dampness-phlegm type, while 8 were yin deficiency type and 5 were fire-heat type. The means of the age and K-MBI within 4 groups were not significantly different. Also there was no significant difference in sex, type of stroke and disease period according to the pattern identification. A comparison of pattern distribution between those who were 65 or older and those who were 64 or younger showed no significant difference. Conclusion: To ensure effective rehabilitation therapy, the fact that many of the rehabilitation patients are qi deficiency type needs to be considered. Contact: Chihyoung Son, cecilson@hanmail.net
Mid-Infrared Photoluminescence of CdS and CdSe Colloidal Quantum Dots

Mid-infrared intraband photoluminescence is observed from CdSe and CdS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) and core/shell systems when excited by a visible laser. The CQDs show more intraband photoluminescence with dodecanethiol than with other ligands. Core/shells show an increase of the intraband photoluminescence with increasing shell thickness. The detected emission is restricted to below 2900 cm–1, bounded by the C–H vibrational modes of the organic ligands. Upon photoexcitation in air for all dodecanethiol ligands capped CQD systems studied, the intraband photoluminescence is quenched over time, and emission at lower frequency is observed, which is assigned to laser heating and thermal emission from oxides.
The Lactic Acid Content of Cerebrospinal Fluid.

The lactic acid content of a series of normal and pathological specimens of spinal fluid was investigated, and in a number of cases compared with the blood lactic acid of the same patient after one-half hour of absolute rest following the lumbar puncture. Analyses were made by the sulphuric acid method of Clausen.1A spinal fluid was considered normal if it was clear and colorless, under normal pressure, had 10 or less cells per cm., gave a Pandy test plus one or less, a negative Wasserman and a Lange curve not rising over 2. Of 13 spinal fluids which could be considered normal, using this standard, the lactic acid content varied from 11 to 27 mg. per 100 cc., with an average of 19 mg. In 9 cases in which the lactic acid of the blood was also examined, the value for lactic acid in the spinal fluid was found to be 60 to 100 per cent of that in the blood. The average was 75 per cent. Killian2 reported a lactic acid content of 8 to 15 mg. per 100 cc. in 5 normal cases and in 15 miscellaneous cases found a per...
Pharmacologic Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension

Prevalence of hypertension is increasing in children and adolescents. Uncontrolled hypertension in children not only causes end organ damage but also increases the risk of adult hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Clinical trials have proven efficacy of antihypertensive medications in children. These medications are well tolerated by children with acceptable safety profile. The choice of agent is usually driven by underlying etiology of hypertension, profile of its side effects, and clinician’s preference. This article will review currently available pediatric data on mechanism of action, common adverse effects, pediatric indication, recent clinical trial, and newer drugs in the common classes of antihypertensive medications.
Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV) Halide Complexes Supported by Bulky β-Diketiminate Ligands

The coordination behavior of the bulky β-diketiminate ligands N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)pentane-2,4-diiminate (LMe) and N,N′-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,2–6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-diiminate (LtBu) toward ThX4(THF)4 (X = Br, I) and UCl4 has been investigated. The reaction between K[LMe] and ThX4(THF)4 (X = Br, I) afforded the mono(β-diketiminate)thorium(IV) halide complexes (LMe)ThX3(THF) (X = Br (7), I (8)). The same reaction carried out with the more sterically demanding K[LtBu] gave (LtBu)ThBr3(THF) (9) and (LtBu)ThI3 (11). All attempts to install two β-diketiminate ligands on thorium(IV) were unsuccessful, giving the mono(β-diketiminate)thorium(IV) halide complex and unreacted K[LMe] or K[LtBu]. However, complex 9 was shown to react with smaller anions such as K[C5H4Me] to give the mixed-ligand methylcyclopentadienyl β-diketiminate complex (LtBu)Th(C5H4Me)Br2 (10). Complexes 7–11 represent rare examples of thorium complexes featuring only one β-diketiminate ligand, and complexes 9–11 are the fi...
Treatment of Obesity Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery

This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying, and indications for, bariatric surgery in the reduction of cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as other expected benefits of this intervention. The fundamental basis for bariatric surgery for the purpose of accomplishing weight loss is the determination that severe obesity is a disease associated with multiple adverse effects on health, which can be reversed or improved by successful weight loss in patients who have been unable to sustain weight loss by nonsurgical means. An explanation of possible indications for weight loss surgery as well as specific bariatric surgical procedures is presented, along with review of the safety literature of such procedures. Procedures that are less invasive or those that involve less gastrointestinal rearrangement accomplish considerably less weight loss but have substantially lower perioperative and longer-term risk. The ultimate benefit of weight reduction relates to the reduction of the comorbidities, quality of life, and all-cause mortality. With weight loss being the underlying justification for bariatric surgery in ameliorating CVD risk, current evidence-based research is discussed concerning body fat distribution, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, obstructive sleep apnea, and others. The rationale for bariatric surgery reducing CVD events is discussed and juxtaposed with impacts on all-cause mortalities. Given the improvement of established obesity-related CVD risk factors after weight loss, it is reasonable to expect a reduction of CVD events and related mortality after weight loss in populations with obesity. The quality of the current evidence is reviewed, and future research opportunities and summaries are stated.
Inhibition of self-observing activity in psychoanalytic treatment.

(2004). Inhibition of Self-Observing Activity in Psychoanalytic Treatment. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child: Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 167-187.
Coupling two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor utilizing a hierarchically structured MOF

A hierarchical porous metal–organic framework (MOF), PCN-888, containing three types of cavities was utilized to couple two enzymes into a tandem nanoreactor. The largest cavity (6.2 nm) can only accommodate one molecule of glucose oxidase (GOx). The intermediate cavity (5.0 nm) can accommodate one and only one molecule of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The small cavity (2.0 nm) has sufficient size for neither GOx nor HRP, and remains open as a substrate diffusion pathway. The coupling of the two enzymes can only be achieved through a unique stepwise encapsulation with a specific order (GOx first, followed by HRP). The tandem nanoreactor shows excellent catalytic performances and negligible enzyme leaching. Its catalytic activity is well maintained within several catalytic cycles. Moreover, PCN-888 can provide protection to the encapsulated enzymes against trypsin digestion, indicating the in vitro and in vivo stability of the nanoreactor.
Transformation, Discontinuity, Metalanguage

Life on Earth began some three or four billion years ago with a protein text embedded in the progenote, the ancestor of all cells. Its first major transformation was an act of information: the emergence of an organism that could perpetuate itself and evolve through the communication of its form and formal variations from generation to generation — biogenesis. The second major transformation, some 300–odd million years ago, occurred when ‘there emerged an organism that for the first time in the history of the world had more information in its brains than in its genes’.1 That transformation involved a radical morphogenesis, a revolution in the differentiation of the nervous system (itself a language) that separated it from the alimentary system and centralized its power. The third major transformation was the development, within the last million years or so, of the human brain, a structure that now has created more information exterior to itself, in human culture, than it could ever contain within its own boundaries. This last transformation involved a morphogenesis that, when its various aspects are taken together, was not only radical but singular.
Structural modifications to enhance the exciton diffusion in bilayer porphyrin fullerene thin films

The effects of peripheral alkyl groups and thermal annealing on the exciton quenching efficiency in bilayer porphyrinfullerene thin films has been investigated. The thin film UV-vis absorbance spectra, steady-state fluorescence emission, and thermal properties of three carboalkoxyphenyl porphyrin derivatives have been studied: tetra(4-carbohexoxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCH 4 PP), tetra(4-carbo-2-ethylhexoxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCEH 4 PP), and tetra(4-carbooctoxyphenyl)-porphyrin (TCO 4 PP). The quenching efficiencies of these three derivatives have been calculated from their steady-state emission using pristine spin cast films and films with an evaporated C 60 bilayer. Structural analyses have been performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy, and thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry measurements (DSC). Annealing the films caused significant structural changes as was observed in the UV-vis absorbance spectra and XRD diffraction patterns. Prior to thermal annealing, quenching efficiencies are greatest for the TCH 4 PP and TCO 4 PP (hexyl and octyl derivatives), which is in agreement with previous bulk quenching experiments to calculate exciton diffusion lengths. 1 After annealing, the hexyl derivative (TCH 4 PP) showed the lowest bilayer quenching efficiency and indicated evidence of significant molecular rearrangements.
The Newton linseed oil thermometer: an evaluation of its departure from linearity

This paper considers the bias of the Newton linseed oil thermometer with respect to the non-linearity of thermometric liquid expansion. The bias is larger than for mercury thermometers but much smaller (5 times less) than for alcohol thermometers. The bias of linseed oil thermometers increases with temperature, and the maximum is achieved in summer; in the UK it may underestimate the temperature by as much as −0.5 degC relative to mercury thermometers. The evaluation of the bias has been possible thanks to some calibration experiments performed in the eighteenth and nineteenth century.
Pediatric to Adult Care Transition: Perspectives of Young Adults With Sickle Cell Disease.

Objectives The aim of this study was to explore perspectives of transition and transition readiness of young adult patients (YAs) with sickle cell disease (SCD) who have transitioned to adult health care. Methods In all, 19 YAs with SCD (ages 18-30 years) participated in one of three focus groups and completed a brief questionnaire about transition topics. Transcripts were coded and emergent themes were examined using the social-ecological model of adolescent and young adult readiness for transition (SMART). Results Themes were consistent with most SMART components. Adult provider relationships and negative medical experiences emerged as salient factors. YAs ranked choosing an adult provider, seeking emergency care, understanding medications/medication adherence, knowing SCD complications, and being aware of the impact of health behaviors as the most important topics to include in transition programming. Conclusions The unique perspectives of YAs can inform the development and evaluation of SCD transition programming by incorporating the identified themes.
Validation of patient-reported global severity of atopic dermatitis in adults.

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with a heterogeneous presentation and clinical course. There is a lack of simple and validated severity assessments that are feasible for clinical practice and epidemiological research. Objectives We sought to validate patient-reported global AD severity in adults. Methods We performed a prospective dermatology practice-based study using questionnaires and evaluation by a dermatologist (n = 265). Results At baseline and follow-up, patient-reported global AD severity significantly correlated with oSCORAD (Spearman ρ = 0.56 and 0.49), SCORAD (0.64 and 0.56), EASI (0.56 and 0.50), BSA (0.52 and 0.45), NRS-itch (0.60 and 0.53), POEM (0.50 and 0.48), and DLQI (0.50 and 0.49) (P < .0001 for all). Patient-reported moderate and severe AD vs mild AD were associated with significantly higher oSCORAD, SCORAD, EASI, BSA, NRS-itch, POEM, and DLQI (P < .0001 for all). There was moderate concordance between patient-reported AD severity (mild, moderate, and severe) and previously developed severity strata for oSCORAD (κ = 0.39), SCORAD (κ = 0.47), EASI (κ = 0.37), NRS-itch (κ = 0.49), POEM (κ = 0.37), and DLQI (κ = 0.40). Among patients with severe disease at baseline, those who reported mild or moderate disease on follow-up had significantly greater absolute reductions of oSCORAD (−23.4/−9.7/−1.8), SCORAD (−33.0/−13.2/−2.3), EASI (−17.1/−9.8/−3.2), BSA (−46%/−15%/−4%), NRS-itch (−5/−2/0), POEM (−5/−2/0), and DLQI (−8/−6/−1) than those who continued to report severe disease (Kruskal-Wallis, P ≤ .0003 for all). Conclusions Patient-reported AD severity appears to be sufficiently valid for assessing AD severity in the clinical and epidemiological setting.
Abstract 030: Low-dose Aspirin During Pregnancy Does Not Prevent Augmentation of Arterial Contractions to Thromboxane A 2 in a Rat Model of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Background: Daily intake of low dose aspirin after 12 weeks of gestation is currently recommended as a preventative intervention in pregnancies at high risk of developing preeclampsia. We previously showed that treating pregnant rats with a synthetic ligand of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9; ODN2395) activated the innate immune system causing preeclampsia-like characteristics such as maternal hypertension, vascular oxidative stress, and augmented vascular responses to thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ). Hypothesis: Low-dose aspirin treatment would ameliorate ODN2395-induced augmented responses to TxA 2 in maternal arteries. Methods: Pregnant rats were treated with ODN2395 (300 μg) or vehicle on gestational day (GD) 14, 16, 18. Daily low-dose aspirin treatment (1.5 mg/kgBW) started on GD10 and continued throughout gestation. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the tail-cuff method on GD19. On GD21, uterine (UTA) and mesenteric resistance artery (MES) responses to a TxA 2 mimetic (U46619, 10 -9 -10 -6 M) was measured with a wire myograph. Results: Uterine arteries from the ODN2395+Aspirin-treated group had greater contractile responses to U46619 compared to all other groups [Emax, %KCl: Control (n=6): 109.2±8.8; ODN2395 (n=5): 124.4±20.2; Aspirin (n=5): 76.08±11.2; ODN2395+Aspirin (n=5): 134.7±4.5, p Conclusion: Exposure to a TLR9 agonist during pregnancy resulted in augmented contractile responses to a TxA 2 mimetic in maternal arteries when rats were in a regime of low-dose aspirin. This was shown in arteries from both reproductive and non-reproductive vascular beds.
Promoting Parent Engagement in Behavioral Intervention for Young Children With ADHD: Iterative Treatment Development:

The most efficacious psychosocial intervention for reducing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in young children is behavioral parent training (BPT). Potential benefits are hi...
Overview of high voltage sic power semiconductor devices: development and application

Research on high voltage (HV) silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor devices has attracted much attention in recent years. This paper overviews the development and status of HV SiC devices. Meanwhile, benefits of HV SiC devices are presented. The technologies and challenges for HV SiC device application in converter design are discussed. The state-of-the-art applications of HV SiC devices are also reviewed.
Kilowatt-scale large air-gap multi-modular capacitive wireless power transfer system for electric vehicle charging

This paper introduces a high-performance kilowatt-scale large air-gap multi-modular capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric vehicle (EV) charging. This multi-modular system achieves high power transfer while maintaining fringing electric fields within prescribed safety limits. The fringing fields are reduced using near-field phased-array field-focusing techniques, wherein the adjacent modules of the multi-modular system are out-phased with respect to one another. The inter-module interactions in this multi-modular system are modeled, and an approach to eliminate these interactions in a practical EV charging environment is proposed. A prototype 1.2-kW 6.78-MHz 12-cm air-gap multi-modular capacitive WPT system comprising two 600-W modules is designed, built and tested. This prototype system achieves 21.2 kW/m2 power transfer density and a peak efficiency of 89.8%. This multi-modular system also achieves a fringing field reduction of 50% compared to its individual modules.
Due Process for the Unknown Future Claim in Bankruptcy - Is this Notice Really Necessary?

This Article looks at how the definition of "claim" creates due process concerns for those who are not yet harmed by prepetition conduct of the debtor, or whose harm is not ascertainable, and who are therefore unable to receive individual notice of the bankruptcy case. I suggest that adequate notice required by the Due Process Clause can be provided to these claimants by giving actual notice to a future claims representative appointed to act as their guardian ad litem because they are legally incompetent to represent themselves in the bankruptcy case.
Enzymatic function of loop movement in enolase: preparation and some properties of H159N, H159A, H159F, and N207A enolases.

The hypothesis that His159 in yeast enolase moves on a polypeptide loop to protonate the phosphoryl of 2-phosphoglycerate to initiate its conversion to phosphoenolpyruvate was tested by preparing H159N, H159A, and H159F enolases. These have 0.07%–0.25% of the native activity under standard assay conditions and the pH dependence of maximum velocities of H159A and H159N mutants is markedly altered. Activation by Mg2+ is biphasic, with the smaller Mg2+ activation constant closer to that of the “catalytic” Mg2+ binding site of native enolase and the larger in the mM range in which native enolase is inhibited. A third Mg2+ may bind to the phosphoryl, functionally replacing proton donation by His159. N207A enolase lacks an intersubunit interaction that stabilizes the closed loop(s) conformation when 2-phosphoglycerate binds. It has 21% of the native activity, also exhibits biphasic Mg2+ activation, and its reaction with the aldehyde analogue of the substrate is more strongly inhibited than is its normal enzymatic reaction. Polypeptide loop(s) closure may keep a proton from His159 interacting with the substrate phosphoryl oxygen long enough to stabilize a carbanion intermediate.
Sleep and Adolescents

Abstract Adolescents experience dramatic maturational sleep changes along with changes in all of the related neurobiological, hormonal, psychosocial, and physical processes. Thus, the role of sleep in the mental and physical health of adolescents is complex. Sleep is fundamental for multiple domains of health and functioning across development. Robust evidence shows that sleep deprivation undermines emotion regulation among youth ( McGlinchey et al., 2011 , Talbot et al., 2010 ), and inadequate sleep compromises learning ( Dewald et al., 2010 , Sadeh et al., 2003 ). Clearly, inadequate or disturbed sleep in childhood and adolescence may have immediate adverse effects in domains important for optimal development, with potential long-term consequences of great concern. This chapter presents contemporary views about the complex neurobiology of sleep and its functions with important implications for adolescence. Timely diagnosis and management of sleep problems appear critical for growth and development in adolescents.
The Charlatan at the Gottes Haus in Offenbach

It is a commonplace in the published research on the Jewish messiah Jacob Joseph Frank (1726–1791) that what he said to his followers contained gleanings from many sources, that were then restyled to fit his own mythopoesis. Gershom Scholem, knowing more than others, and suspecting yet more, went farther in discovering Frank’s sources than any other scholar.1 Yet it must be said (1) that his analysis of Frank’s mythopoesis rarely took into account the fact that Frank’s myths, for various reasons, changed over his lifetime; and (2) that Scholem’s feelings about Frank’s sources were intemperate and extremist. On the one hand, he credited the Sabbatian school of Barukhia Russo with a great deal of influence on Frank’s teaching and its expressions;2 on the other, he denied Frank any real depth of knowledge of any of the written sources of this school’s doctrine — from the midrashim and the Talmud through the Zohar and Lurianic and Sabbatian literature.3 A spell, cast by his desire to show that the roots of modern Judaism lay in Sabbatianism, lay over all of Scholem’s considerations of Frank. In this conception, Frankism was the horrifying last stage of Sabbatianism — a Jewish movement at first and then a non-Jewish movement that broke away from all that was Jewish. Scholem claimed that Frankism was one of the most important sources of Hasidism, Reform Judaism and the Haskalah, and that Frankists were themselves key players in the development of these movements.4 Furthermore, at least in his first studies of Frank, Scholem’s general convictions led him to adduce the Carpathians, the Valentinians and Marcionites and general “Gnosticism” in order to demonstrate the high degree of similarity between their teachings and this latter-day expression of Jewish mysticism and the teachings of Gnostics, one which recollected the similarly close relationship between Gnosticism and other much earlier schools and writings of Jewish esotericism, even if direct or indirect influence was not actually the case. Like all but a very few writers on Frank, Scholem was able to reach his foregone conclusions by avoiding or circling around the key document of Frankism: Frank’s dicta.
A Brief History of Computer Networking

Computer networking as we know it today may be said to have gotten its start with the Arpanet development in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Prior to that time there were computer vendor “networks” designed primarily to connect terminals and remote job entry stations to a mainframe. But the notion of networking between computers viewing each other as equal peers to achieve “resource sharing” was fundamental to the arpanet design [1]. The other strong emphasis of the Arpanet work was its reliance on the then novel technique of packet switching to efficiently share communication resources among “bursty” users, instead of the more traditional message or circuit switching.
Applicability of Standardized Early Fetal Heart Examination in the Obese Population.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of obesity on early evaluation of fetal cardiac landmarks using a standardized examination method at the time of nuchal translucency scan. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of an ongoing prospective cohort at high risk for congenital heart defects. We used a standardized examination protocol using 2-dimensional sonography with power Doppler in the evaluation of fetal cardiac landmarks consisting of 4-chamber view, outflow tract relationship, and transverse arches view. The study population was stratified based on maternal body mass index into nonobese ( .05). The scan time was about 5 minutes longer in the obese group compared with nonobese group (P = .020). CONCLUSIONS Obesity does not hamper early evaluation of fetal cardiac landmarks around the time of nuchal translucency scan. However, obese patients are more likely to require transvaginal examinations.
The home math environment: More than numeracy

Abstract The goal of the current study is to develop a more complete understanding of the early home math environment, encompassing both numeracy and non-numeracy aspects of that environment. Parents of preschoolers (n = 63) were surveyed about their support of three components of early mathematics knowledge (i.e., numeracy, spatial, and pattern) as well as parents’ math-related beliefs about themselves and their children. Children were administered a broad math knowledge assessment which included a numeracy subscale, and individual measures of spatial and patterning skills in the fall (concurrently). Broad math knowledge was measured again in the spring of the preschool year. Parents indicated providing some support of early math development through numeracy, spatial, and patterning activities, with a stronger emphasis on numeracy than pattern and space. Parents’ child-specific ability beliefs were related to their numeracy, pattern, and broad math support, while their parent-specific ability beliefs were related to their spatial support. Parent support was rarely linked to child skills, except that numeracy support related to concurrent numeracy knowledge. Findings suggest that although parents do support a broad range of early math skills at home, parents tend to prioritize supporting early numeracy. Parents’ beliefs, especially about their child’s academic abilities, may influence components of the early home math environment, but future research is needed to better understand the relations between parent’s academic beliefs and the home math environment they create.
Defining hydrogel properties to instruct lineage- and cell-specific mesenchymal differentiation

The maintenance and direction of stem cell lineage after implantation remains challenging for clinical translation. Aggregation and encapsulation into instructive biomaterials after preconditioning can bolster retention of differentiated phenotypes. Since these procedures do not depend on cell type or lineage, we hypothesized we could use a common, tunable platform to engineer formulations that retain and enhance multiple lineages from different cell populations. To test this, we varied alginate stiffness and adhesive ligand content, then encapsulated spheroids of varying cellularity. We used Design-of-Experiments to determine the effect of these parameters and their interactions on phenotype retention. The combination of parameters leading to maximal differentiation varied with lineage and cell type, inducing a 2-4-fold increase over non-optimized levels. Phenotype was also retained for 4 weeks in a murine subcutaneous model. This widely applicable approach can facilitate translation of cell-based therapies by instructing phenotype in situ without prolonged induction or costly growth factors.
The role of biologics in the treatment of chronic granuloma annulare.

Background Granuloma annulare (GA), a benign inflammatory skin disease, is considered a Th1-type delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Localized GA is likely to resolve spontaneously, whereas disseminated GA (DGA) may persist for decades and can be resistant to treatment. Biologics including TNF-α inhibitors have been proposed and utilized as salvage therapy for GA and other related diseases, interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (IGD), and actinic granuloma (AG). Methods A systematic review was conducted using the combination of search terms "granuloma annulare," "interstitial granulomatous dermatitis," or "actinic granuloma" and either "biologics," "etanercept," "adalimumab," "infliximab," "ustekinumab," "ixekizumab," "secukinumab," "guselkumab," "golimumab," "brodalumab," "tildrakizumab," or "certolizumab" from the years 1970-2017. Results Review of the literature revealed that 79.3% of the patients with GA, IGD, or AG who had been treated with demonstrated TNF-α inhibitor therapy a clinical response. Conclusions TNF-α inhibitor therapy has been used to treat chronic GA, IGD, and AG that involved extensive body surface areas. However, the literature is limited to case series lacking control groups. Randomized, controlled trials are required to establish evidence-based treatment of GA and related cutaneous, granulomatous conditions.
Neutron and X-ray analysis of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson photosynthetic antenna complex from Prosthecochloris aestuarii.

The Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein from Prosthecochloris aestuarii (PaFMO) has been crystallized in a new form that is amenable to high-resolution X-ray and neutron analysis. The crystals belonged to space group H3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 83.64, c = 294.78 A, and diffracted X-rays to ∼1.7 A resolution at room temperature. Large PaFMO crystals grown to volumes of 0.3-0.5 mm3 diffracted neutrons to 2.2 A resolution on the MaNDi neutron diffractometer at the Spallation Neutron Source. The resolution of the neutron data will allow direct determination of the positions of H atoms in the structure, which are believed to be fundamentally important in tuning the individual excitation energies of bacteriochlorophylls in this archetypal photosynthetic antenna complex. This is one of the largest unit-cell systems yet studied using neutron diffraction, and will allow the first high-resolution neutron analysis of a photosynthetic antenna complex.
A RISK-BENEFIT ASSESSMENT OF NOVEL ANTICOAGULANTS COMPARED TO WARFARIN IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASE

Current guidelines support the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and warfarin for valvular AF. In this study, we attempted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of NOAC in comparison to warfarin in these valvular heart disease (VHD)
Distribution of nutrient and toxic elements in brown and polished rice

Rice is a staple food in many countries around the world and it is a source of not only the nutrients, but also toxic elements. In this study, we evaluated four degrees of polishing and determined the elemental content (P, S, K, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Hg, Pb) in brown rice, rice bran and the resulting white rice using microwave assisted decomposition followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. Additionally, individual rice grains at every polishing step were analyzed by laser ablation ICP-MS to generate elemental distribution maps. While P, K, Mn and Fe were predominantly located in bran layer, S, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, and Hg were present in both the bran and endosperm. As the elemental distribution in the grain varies, polishing to produce white rice results in removal of different amounts of nutrient and toxic elements.
Using Link-Level Archived Automatic Vehicle Location Data to Assess Transit System LOS at Bus-Stop Level

The focus of this paper is on assessment of transit system level-of-service (LOS) at bus-stop level using the proposed percentage-based performance measure and compare it with the fixed-range-based performance measure. Data captured through automatic vehicle location (AVL) units installed on Charlotte Area Transit System (CATS) buses for 2012 and archived was used to develop query tools and compute link-level transit system performance measures, conduct analysis, and derive meaningful interpretations. The query tools developed computed performance measures by comparing actual bus travel time along selected links (between two consecutive fixed bus stops) with the scheduled travel time along the same link for each run in a year. Actual delay time and early arrivals as well as percentage of delays and early arrivals were computed to assist in the assessment. The analysis was conducted by time-of-the-day and day-of-the-week, for both travel directions, along selected bus routes/segments to assist in assessing the applicability of the measures. Findings from the research indicate that percentage-based performance measure is more reliable than fixed-range-based performance measure (delay or difference in travel time) for planning and assessment of operational performance by transit agencies.
Correction to: A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model for Pneumocystis treatment in mice

It was highlighted that the original article [1] contained errors in the figures and their legends and by extension the in-text figure citations. This Corrections article shows the correct figures and correct figure legends.
Natural history of acute pediatric iliofemoral artery thrombosis treated with anticoagulation

Abstract Objective Acute iliofemoral artery thrombosis (IFAT) can occur in critically ill neonates and infants who require indwelling arterial cannulas for monitoring or as a consequence of cardiac catheterization. Guidelines suggest treatment with anticoagulation, but evidence supporting the optimal duration of therapy and the role of surveillance ultrasound is limited. The objectives of this study were to characterize the kinetics of thrombus resolution and to define an appropriate duration of anticoagulation and interval for surveillance ultrasound. Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients with acute IFAT from 2011 to 2019. Medical records and vascular laboratory studies were reviewed. Patients with one or more surveillance ultrasound examinations were included. Thrombus resolution was defined as multiphasic flow throughout the index limb without evidence of echogenic intraluminal material by ultrasound. Time to resolution of thrombus was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Fifty-four limbs in 50 patients were identified with acute IFAT. The median age was 9.9 weeks (interquartile range, 3.1-21.7 weeks), with a median weight of 4.2 kg (interquartile range, 3.3-5.5 kg). The majority of limbs (65%) with acute IFAT presented with a diminished pedal Doppler signal, commonly after cardiac catheterization (55%). Forty-eight (89%) limbs had complete arterial occlusion on index ultrasound, and flow could not be detected below the ankle in 48%. The median number of ultrasound examinations per limb was three (range, two to seven), and 61% of limbs had a surveillance ultrasound within 7 days of diagnosis. At 14 and 30 days, 33% and 64% of patients, respectively, treated with anticoagulation had an estimated complete resolution of thrombus. Nine (17%) patients did not receive anticoagulation, and only two of these patients experienced IFAT resolution. At the time of diagnosis, one patient underwent open thrombectomy because of a contraindication to anticoagulation, and one patient was treated with thrombolysis. There were no instances of tissue loss or amputation Conclusions Management of IFAT with anticoagulation resulted in successful short-term outcomes. Based on the observed rate of resolution, management should start with anticoagulation, followed by surveillance ultrasound at 2-week intervals. With treatment by anticoagulation, resolution can be expected to occur in one-third of patients every 2 weeks.
Delayed Multifocal Tracheal Injury Following Thyroidectomy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Delayed presentation of tracheal injury after thyroidectomy is a rare complication. We present the case of a 24-year-old male presenting with findings of tracheal injury 12 days after total thyroidectomy. Upon surgical exploration, multifocal, transmural tracheal injuries were identified. Repair was performed with a combination of acellular dermal matrix allograft, local-regional flaps, silicone stenting, and tracheostomy. Herein we also review published cases of delayed tracheal injury. Our findings suggest that delayed tracheal necrosis and rupture is an uncommon yet potentially devastating complication of thyroidectomy. Surgeons should maintain a low threshold to suspect such injuries when patients present with neck swelling and subcutaneous emphysema, even up to 40 days post-operatively. Complex injuries may require a multidisciplinary approach and an armamentarium of reconstructive techniques.
Demographics, earnings, and family characteristics of workers in sectors initially affected by COVID-19 shutdowns

Data from the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) highlight the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the results of efforts to mitigate its spread in 2020. With the challenges of the pandemic, many of the JOLTS data elements experienced shocks early in the year before returning to previous trends. In fact, many of the data elements experienced series highs. For example, the hires level reached a series high of 8.3 million in May 2020, bouncing back from a depressed level of 3.9 million in April 2020. The total separations level, also referred as turnover, reached a series high of 16.3 million in March 2020, boosted largely by a spike in layoffs and discharges.