cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Successful staged repair of corrected transposition of great arteries and mitral atresia associated with double aoric arch

We report a rare case of corrected transponsition of great arteries and mitral atresia associated with double aoric arch. The patient showed polypnea and cyanosis soon after birth. She underwent balloon atrioseptostomy at the age of 18 days and pulmonary artery banding (PAB) at 24 days. But she showed severe persistent stridor after PAB. Esophagography and left counter-current aortography revealed double aortic arch. At the age of 49 days, division of the left lesser arch and ligation of patent ductus arteriosus were performed through left lateral thoracotomy. Stridor disappeared completely following operation. She underwent total cavopulmonary connection using a 18 mm Gore-Tex graft as intraatrial conduit concomitant with pacemaker implantation at the age of 8 years. Postoperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge, this is the first successful case report of surgical correction of corrected transposition of great arteries and mitral atresia associated with double aoric arch.
Multiple-mode diffusion waves for viscous nonstrictly hyperbolic conservation laws

We study the large-time behaviors of solutions of viscous conservation laws whose inviscid part is a nonstrictly hyperbolic system. The initial data considered here is a perturbation of a constant state. It is shown that the solutions converge to single-mode diffusion waves in directions of strictly hyperbolic fields, and to multiple-mode diffusion waves in directions of nonstrictly hyperbolic fields. The multiple-mode diffusion waves, which are the new elements here, are the self-similar solutions of the viscous conservation laws projected to the nonstrictly hyperbolic fields, with the nonlinear fluxes replaced by their quadratic parts. The convergence rate to these diffusion waves isO(t−3/4+1/2p+σ) inL p , 1≦p≦∞, with σ>0 being arbitrarily small.
Photographic Imagery and the Vietnam War: An Unexamined Perspective

Summary This study, contrasting the simultaneous approaches of two professional photojournalists in reporting events occurring during the Vietnam war, focuses upon the effects of photographic imagery on individuals' inclinations to believe emotionally charged communications within the mass media. The data show that the portrayals of the Vietnam war by David Douglas Duncan and by Larry Burrows are significantly different. Content analysis of Duncan's photographic imagery demonstrates his monolithic dedication to the American soldier, and his sense of commitment to demonstrate the burdens placed on military men. In contrast, Burrows' photographic images express his pronounced concern for the nonmilitary and the human consequences of a wartime situation. The present investigators believe that the sociological and the social psychological significance of photographic imagery have yet to be fully realized and understood. Differential emphases of visual forms of communication, which are demonstrated in this ana...
Effect of vegetative canopy architecture on vertical transport of massless particles

Large-eddy simulations of approximately resolved heterogeneous vegetative canopies with repeating row structure were compared to ‘equivalent’ homogeneous simulations to explore how overall canopy density and horizontal heterogeneity influence the vertical transport of non-depositing massless fluid parcels. A Lagrangian approach was used to quantify particle dispersion. The subgrid component of particle motion was modeled with a Langevin equation that was integrated with a new semi-implicit scheme that successfully minimized rogue trajectories. With rogue trajectories controlled, the subgrid model had a negligible impact on average statistics. Analysis suggested that above the canopy top, canopy density and heterogeneity had a minor effect on mean profiles of particle concentration and vertical flux. However, increasing canopy density resulted in a linear increase in particle residence time, and increased the importance of release height on canopy escape. The average time of persistent vertical particle motions did not follow this monotonic trend. For sufficiently dense canopies, the time scale of persistent vertical motions increased with decreasing canopy density in agreement with mixing-layer scaling. As wall shear became significant, a transition was observed in which persistence decreased with decreasing canopy density. The effect of canopy heterogeneity on residence time and persistence was well correlated with the strength of dispersive fluxes. Canopy heterogeneity decreased the average time for a particle to escape the canopy, and also reduced the coherence of vertical particle motions.
Structural anisotropy and internal magnetic fields in trabecular bone: coupling solution and solid dipolar interactions.

Abstract We investigate the use of intermolecular multiple-quantum coherence to probe structural anisotropy in trabecular bone. Despite the low volume fraction of bone, the bone–water interface produces internal magnetic field gradients which modulate the dipolar field, depending on sample orientation, choice of dipolar correlation length, correlation gradient direction, and evolution time. For this system, the probing of internal magnetic field gradients in the liquid phase permits indirect measurements of the solid phase dipolar field. Our results suggest that measurements of volume-averaged signal intensity as a function of gradient strength and three orthogonal directions could be used to non-invasively measure the orientation of structures inside a sample or their degree of anisotropy. The system is modeled as having two phases, solid and liquid (bone and water), which differ in their magnetization density and magnetic susceptibility. A simple calculation using a priori knowledge of the material geometry and distribution of internal magnetic fields verifies the experimental measurements as a function of gradient strength, direction, and sample orientation.
Direct numerical simulation of a three-dimensional spatially developing bubble-laden mixing layer with two-way coupling

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a three-dimensional spatially-developing mixing layer (ML) laden with spherical gaseous bubbles are performed, with both one-way and two-way coupling between the two phases. Forcing is used to initialize the spanwise vortex roll-up and to create a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, rendering the carrier flow three-dimensional. The characteristics of the resulting ML flow field are similar to those reported in numerous experimental and numerical studies. The volume fraction (or concentration) of the bubble phase is considered small enough to neglect bubble–bubble interactions. The no-slip fluid velocity condition is assumed at the bubble surface, and the bubble Reynolds number is less than 1 throughout the simulation time. The two-fluid formulation (TF) is used to compute the bubble-phase velocity and concentration and the two-way coupling source term in the fluid momentum equation. A Lagrangian–Eulerian mapping (LEM) solver is employed to solve the equations for the bubble velocity and concentration. LEM is capable of resolving the gradients of concentration created by the bubble preferential accumulation without numerical instabilities. Two different inflow profiles (Cref(z)) of bubble-phase concentration are considered: a uniform profile and a tanh-profile. In the latter case, the high-speed (upper) stream is devoid of bubbles, and the low-speed (lower) stream is uniformly laden with bubbles at the inflow plane.The DNS results show that in addition to the well-known preferential accumulation of bubbles in the vortex centres, sheets of increased bubble concentration (C-sheets) develop in the rollers created by the vortex pairing in the ML core, with two local maxima of vorticity and an enhanced strain-rate field. The development of C-sheets is governed by the stretching and contraction along the principal axes of the local strain rate.In the case of uniform Cref, the two-way coupling reduces the average ML vorticity thickness and the entrainment of the irrotational fluid into the ML core, as compared to the bubble-free case, upstream of the location of the first vortex pairing. However, both ML vorticity thickness is increased and entrainment is enhanced by the bubbles farther downstream, after the pairing. The fluid velocity fluctuations are reduced by the bubbles throughout the ML, as compared to the one-way coupling case.In the case of the tanh-profile of Cref, the velocity fluctuations and the ML vorticity thickness are increased by the bubbles upstream the location of the first vortex pairing owing to the ‘unstable’ inflow bubble stratification (Druzhinin & Elghobashi 1998). On the other hand, the velocity fluctuations are reduced by the bubbles, and the ML vorticity thickness oscillates with the streamwise distance farther downstream.
The oxidation of ascorbic acid by tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complexes of osmium(III), ruthenium(III) and nickel(III) in aqueous media: Applications of the Marcus cross-relation

Abstract The kinetics of the outer-sphere oxidation of L-ascorbic acid (H2A) by tris(2,2′-bypyridine) and tris-(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) complexes of osmium(III), ruthenium(III), and nickel(III) have been investigated in acidic aqueous media at 9–25 °C. The observed inverse acid dependence, -d[ML3+3]/dt = 2(k1 + k2K1/[H+])(ML3+3][H2A], suggest a mechanism involving H2A and HA− pathways, for which the specific rate and activation parameters have been determined. These and previously reported rate constants for cross-reactions involving ascorbate species are correlated in terms of the Marcus relationships. Estimates of the self-exchange parameters for the one-electron couples: H2A/H2A+·, k11 = 2 × 103 M− s−1; HA−/HA·, k11 = 1 × 105 M− s−1; A2−/A−·, k11 = 2 × 105 M− s−1], based on ascorbate radical reduction potentials calculated from proton and redox equilibrium constant, are presented.
Unintended Consequences for the Youngest Victims: The Role of Law in Encouraging Neonaticide from the Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries

An important though sometimes ignored facet of victimology is the study of the effects of law on increasing (rather than decreasing) victimization. This article discusses the deleterious effects on neonaticide (i.e., infanticides of newborns) of legal realities that served to subtly encourage women to conceal their pregnancies and kill their newborns. Laws that authorized the negative treatment of illegitimate children and their mothers, severe sanctions for fornication, and poor treatment of indentured apprentices and servants created a situation conducive to the commission of neonaticide.
Depression in male and female patients undergoing cardiac surgery

The present longitudinal study was designed to determine the prevalence of depression in male and female patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and to examine what factors are associated with depression before and after surgery. One day prior to surgery (T1), and one day prior to discharge from the hospital (T2), 141 patients completed a psychometric test battery including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Data were also collected on 13 physiological measures. Forty-seven per cent of patients were depressed (defined as a score of 16 or above on the CES-D) at T1. Scores on the CES-D significantly increased from T1 (M = 15) to T2 (M = 20), with 61 per cent of patients classified as depressed at T2. Factors associated with depression at T1 were female gender, higher state anxiety, and less social support. Depressed patients at T2 were characterized by higher scores on the STAI at T2 and higher scores on the CES-D at T1. The prevalence of depression in cardiac surgery patients, particularly women, may be underrecognized and warrants increased attention.
Bermudagrass Management in the Southern Piedmont USA. III. Particulate and Biologically Active Soil Carbon

Quantifying the effects of forage management on soil C cycling improves our understanding of greenhouse gas emissions, agronomic productivity, and changes in soil quality in pasture ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of N fertilization strategy (inorganic only, crimson dover [Trifolium incarnation L.] cover crop plus inorganic, and broiler litter) and forage harvest strategy (unharvested, low and high grazing pressure, and hayed; representing a gradient from low to high utilization) on particulate organic C (POC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), and potential C mineralization (CMIN) during 4 yr on a previously eroded site dominated by Typic Kanhapludults. Accumulation of POC, SMBC, and CMIN with time was greatest at a depth of 0 to 2 cm and was not different among fertilization strategies. To a depth of 6 cm, POC accumulated at a rate of 65 to 73 g m -2 yr -1 under unharvested or hayed strategies and at a rate of 136 to 144 g m -2 yr -1 under cattle grazing strategies. Accumulation rate of SMBC was also dependent upon forage utilization, averaging 5.1, 9.6, 11.9, and 7.4 g m -2 yr -1 under unharvested, low grazing pressure, high grazing pressure, and hayed strategies, respectively. The portion of total organic C as CMIN during 24 d increased from 16 g kg -1 initially to 44 ± 5 g kg -1 (mean ± standard deviation among 12 treatments) at the end of 4 yr, without significant treatment effects. Particulate and biologically active soil C pools increased under all forage management strategies, although cattle grazing imparted the greatest increase partly because of the return of feces to soil.
Standardized decision support in next generation sequencing reports of somatic cancer variants

Of hundreds to thousands of somatic mutations that exist in each cancer genome, a large number are unique and non-recurrent variants. Prioritizing genetic variants identified via next generation sequencing technologies remains a major challenge. Many such variants occur in tumor genes that have well-established biological and clinical relevance and are putative targets of molecular therapy, however, most variants are still of unknown significance. With large amounts of data being generated as high throughput sequencing assays enter the clinical realm, there is a growing need to better communicate relevant findings in a timely manner while remaining cognizant of the potential consequences of misuse or overinterpretation of genomic information. Herein we describe a systematic framework for variant annotation and prioritization, and we propose a structured molecular pathology report using standardized terminology in order to best inform oncology clinical practice. We hope that our experience developing a comprehensive knowledge database of emerging predictive markers matched to targeted therapies will help other institutions implement similar programs.
Mantle plumes - A boundary layer approach for Newtonian and non-Newtonian temperature-dependent rheologies

Stress is placed on the temperature dependence of both a linear Newtonian rheology and a nonlinear olivine rheology in accounting for narrow mantle flow structures. The boundary-layer theory developed incorporates an arbitrary temperature-dependent power-law rheology for the medium, in order to facilitate the study of mantle plume dynamics under real conditions. Thermal, kinematic, and dynamic structures of mantle plumes are modelled by a two-dimensional natural-convection boundary layer rising in a fluid with a temperature-dependent power-law relationship between shear stress and strain rate. An analytic similarity solution is arrived at for upwelling adjacent to a vertical isothermal stress-free plane. Newtonian creep as a deformation mechanism, thermal anomalies resulting from chemical heterogeneity, the behavior of plumes in non-Newtonian (olivine) mantles, and differences in the dynamics of wet and dry olivine are discussed.
Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Multiple Dimensions of Depression, and Elder Abuse: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Analysis of Older Adults in Urban Chicago

Objective: Depression is conceptualized as both a risk factor for and a consequence of elder abuse; however, current research is equivocal. This study examined associations between elder abuse and ...
Racial and ethnic variations in the epidemiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States.

: Background/aims: Despite the global increase in the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, regional variations occur. To assess the potential contribution of racial/ethnic factors, we assessed the epidemiology of these cancers in different racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Methods: Disease prevalence, mortality and survival rates for different racial and ethnic groups were obtained from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results survey database. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence was highest for Hispanics (1.22 per 100 000) and lowest for Blacks (0.3 per 100 000). Age-adjusted mortality rates were higher for American Indian/Alaska Natives and Asian/Pacific Islanders compared with other groups. However, mortality rates increased by greater than 3.5% annual for all racial or ethnic groups except for American Indian/Pacific Islanders in whom mortality rates decreased by 0.2% annually. The increase in mortality rates was greatest for Hispanic women aged between 40 and 49 years. Prevalence and survival were significantly higher in Hispanic women in contrast to gender differences observed in other groups. Conclusions: Significant racial and ethnic variations occur in the epidemiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma within geographically defined regions in the United States These may reflect genetic, socioeconomic or cultural predispositions to cancer.
Theory of carrier-envelope phase slip for ultrashort dispersion managed solitons

Phase dynamics of dispersion managed ultrashort-pulsed solitons is studied. The carrier-envelope phase slip induced by nonlinear dispersive effects is shown to saturate for strong dispersion maps.
Reliability of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in R-R intervals, in 14-, 20-, and 26-week-old infants

Measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in R-R intervals were calculated from a 5-min recording of 3- to 6-month-old full-term infants. The reliability of the measures was estimated with Cronbach's α for sampling durations of 5, 15, 25, or 60 s, for single or multiple samples from each of the five baseline periods. Reliability of RSA was good (>.8) for samples of 25 s or greater but decreased with smaller sampling durations. The sensitivity of the measures in detecting an age effect between 14-, 20-, and 26 week-old infants correlated positively with the reliability of the measure. This study suggests that reliability of RSA measures in young infants is acceptable.
Toward a Self-Renewing School.

This case study describes the use of OD strategies to introduce psychological curricula in a community college. The author hypothesizes that the success of the intervention was due to the combination of three factors: favorable historical antecedents, the nature of the intervention, and continuous leadership by key administrators before and after the intervention. The interdependence of these three factors is analyzed.
Heme-tryptophan relationships in hemoglobin explored by frequency-domain time-resolved fluorescence at 10-GHz resolution

The time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of human and bovine oxy- and deoxyhemoglobins was measured in either 0.03 M phosphate buffer or 0.03 M borate buffer between pH 6.5 and 9.2. A frequency resolved fluorometer was used with bandwidth up to 10 GHz. Excitation was at 294 nm, the emission was monitored through a broad band interference filter centered at 335 nm, coupled to a cut-off filter at 316 nm. In all cases, the best simulations were obtained with two discrete exponential decays, one near 30 ps, and the other of several hundred ps. In human hemoglobin, the longer component showed a substantial lengthening upon removal of oxygen. In bovine hemoglobin, the shorter component decreased upon deoxygenation. It was possible to infer that the shorter lifetimes originated from the average intrachain distances. However, the hemes at this longer distance would become the main acceptors of energy transfer only when the energy transfer at intrasubunit distance is inhibited. It is suggested that this is due to the presence of `disordered' heme in the system.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Analysis and Fabrication of Fabry-Perot Interferometer Filters Using MEMS Technology

The Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FPI) filters with phase reduction have been thoroughly analyzed and fabricated using micro electromechanical systems (MESM) technology. The main advantages of these filters are: small power requirements, higher sensitivity and stability.
Cellular precipitation and overaging in an As-cast PbSnSrAl alloy

Abstract The aging behavior of an as-cast lead alloy containing tin, strontium and aluminum has been investigated over the temperature range 298–423 K. After casting, the lead-rich dendritic grains of the alloy age harden to a peak Meyer hardness of 19.5 kgf mm −2 at room temperature (298 K) in about 50 h. Hardening presumably results from the general precipitation of coherent (Pb, Sn) 3 Sr. The general precipitate responsible for age hardening the grains appears to be stable at temperatures ranging from 298 to 373 K; however, at these temperatures the grains are gradually decomposed by cellular precipitation into a lamellar structure of depleted solid solution and a precipitate having about half the hardness of the age-hardened grains. This behavior results in the gradual overaging of the alloy and has been observed in other lead-base alloys such as PbSnCa and PbNa. The growth rate and lamellar spacing of the cells have been determined by quantitative metallography and analyzed according to existing thepry. The analysis suggests that the cell growth is controlled by the grain boundary diffusion of strontium in the advancing cell interface. At temperatures above 373 K the alloy overages primarily by the overaging of the general precipitate structure in the dendritic grains although some cellular precipitation is observed.
Solid Phase Synthesis of 17α-E/Z-(X-Phenyl)-Vinyl Estradiols Using The Stille Coupling Reaction

Abstract As a continuation of our program to develop probes for the hormone binding domain (HBD) of the estrogen receptor (ER), we designed a series of novel 17α-E/Z-(X-phenyl)-vinyl estradiols. Based upon our experience with solution chemistry we applied solid phase synthesis using carboxylated resins to synthesize the new compounds. The Stille coupling reaction permitted the introduction of a variety of functional groups and positional isomers on the terminal phenyl group. Subsequent cleavage from the resin generated a series of novel estradiol derivatives.
Organo-Cobalt Mediated Living Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate

Vinyl acetate polymerization initiated by azo radical sources in the presence of cobalt(II) tetramesitylporphyrin ((TMP)CoII) shows an induction period followed by an organo-cobalt mediated living radical polymerization (LRP). The induction period corresponds to converting (TMP)CoII to an organo-cobalt porphyrin derivative (organo-Co(TMP)). Living character at low vinyl acetate conversion is demonstrated by a linear increase in molecular weight with conversion, relatively low polydispersity homopolymers, and formation of block copolymers with methyl acrylate ((TMP)Co-PVAc-b-PMA). Deviations from ideal LRP occur by radical termination and chain transfer events at moderate conversion of vinyl acetate (VAc). Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the VAc radical polymerization is controlled by a degenerative transfer mechanism that utilizes organo-cobalt complexes as the transfer agent. Kinetic studies are utilized in comparing radical polymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate that are mediated by or...
Anomalous right coronary artery arising from left mainstem

Various coronary artery anomalies occur in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. We have described a unique case of an aberrant right coronary artery arising from the left mainstem, resulting in clinical myocardial infarction in the absence of coronary atherosclerosis. Though different anomalies of the right coronary artery have been described, we feel this case is unique in that the right coronary artery arises from the left mainstem, truly forming a single coronary artery.
The Older High-School Student in the World of Artistic Culture

The topic of the older high-school student and artistic culture requires discussion of a broad range of psychological, pedagogical, and cultural issues. Without claiming completeness, let me just list briefly those that seem to me most important. I shall be drawing on a number of empirical studies that I conducted personally or that were conducted under my direction over a quite long period of time, beginning with the 1970s.
The fine structure and development of the seminal vesicles and prostate in the fetal rat.

The development of the seminal vesicle from the Wolffian duct and of the prostate from the urogenital sinus has been studied in rat fetuses from day 14 of gestation to birth with the use of the electron microscope. Prior to the onset of androgen secretion, the cells of the urogenital sinus and the caudal part of the Wolffian duct have a simple undifferentiated appearance. After the onset of androgen secretion by the fetal testes at day 15, “intracytoplasmic confronting cisternae” of the granular reticulum appear in both urogenital sinus and Wolffian duct. Portions of the granular endoplasmic reticulum of the urogenital sinus become distended with a finely granular, moderately dense material. In the urogenital sinus, many hemidesmosomes are formed at the basal surface of the epithelium. Specializations of the extracellular materials are present opposite the hemidesmosomes. The formation of the seminal vesicles and the prostate begins at day 18–19 of gestation. The cells of the seminal vesicle are taller than the Wolffian duct cells from which they arise, the granular endoplasmic reticulum increases moderately in amount, and a patent lumen is formed. The cells of the fetal prostate do not differ greatly from those of the urogenital sinus from which they arise except that the prostatic cells initially lack hemidesmosomes. The fine structural changes are discussed in relation to the onset of fetal androgen secretion, the formation of the organs, and the functions of the cells in adult life.
Immunochemical FOBT had higher participation and detection rates than guaiac-based FOBT for colorectal cancer screening

Source Citation Hol L, van Leerdam ME, van Ballegooijen M, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: randomised trial comparing guaiac-based and immunochemical faecal occult blood testing and flexibl...
Transmission constraint management on the National Grid system and the effect upon the commercial market place

This paper explains the major types of transmission constraints which exist on the National Grid transmission system of England and Wales. The three categories of constraints which are considered are thermal, voltage and stability. The paper considers transmission constraints from an economic viewpoint. In accordance with it's Transmission Licence, National Grid Company (NGC) despatches generation in strict adherence to the merit order, taking due account of the prevailing transmission constraints. The way in which the costs associated with constraints are dealt with in The Electricity Pool of England and Wales is also discussed.
Industrial applications of amplidyne generators

ACONSIDERABLE number of “amplidyne”∗ generators1,2 have been applied in conjunction with other electrical apparatus to industrial processes within the past few months. A summary of these applications indicates that the amplidyne generators are of particular value in conjunction with so-called “closed-cycle” control systems. A closed-cycle system may be defined as one in which the controlling agency is actuated in part by some function of the final output in such a manner as to minimize any deviation of this output from an ideal value.
A Model for Ultrasound‐Assisted Lumbar Puncture

Clinicians may find traditional lumbar puncture (LP) attempts fail due to indistinct landmarks in morbidly obese patients necessitating ultrasound localization or fluoroscopy. We believe a readily available teaching model is needed because many emergency physicians may be unfamiliar with ultrasound-assisted LP. Review of current literature shows that there are few commercially available LP models suitable for use with ultrasound. Those on the market are expensive and have limited reusability. We have succeeded in creating a low-cost reusable model for training health care professionals to perform ultrasound-assisted LP. We believe there will be many benefits to using this model including: increase in emergency department (ED) LP success rates, decrease in number of radiology consults for fluoroscopy, increase in patient satisfaction, decreased waiting time in the ED, and fewer complications due to fewer needle passes. This model effectively reproduces the sonographic appearance of the lumbar spine and overlying soft tissue and aids in teaching bedside ultrasound-assisted LP. The model has an opaque “skin” overlying a gel wax mold containing a lumbar spine. A catheter containing water is imbedded in the spine to simulate the spinal canal and cerebrospinal fluid. The skin allows for a more realistic procedure and can be removed for visual confirmation of a successful LP. In addition, successful needle placement will result in return of clear fluid. Construction of the model requires a commercially available lumbar spine and items found in craft stores with a total cost of approximately $100.
Consumer effects of environmental impact in product labeling

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of different levels of environmental information on key consumer metrics. More specifically, it aims to evaluate environmentally benign products against those that have negative environmental impacts.Design/methodology/approach – Multiple product categories and messages that varied from strongly negative to strongly positive were used to test whether the accuracy/completeness of the information changes consumers' view of green products.Findings – The results show that consumer perception of product quality, value, and purchase intentions does not differ significantly between products with positive environmental messages and those without any message. Products with positive environmental messages are viewed better than products with negative environmental messages. It is also found that the impact of environmental information is greater for consumable products.Practical implications – Clearly presented information can make a significant diffe...
EFFECT OF VARIATION IN ENDOGENOUS LEVELS OF ASCORBIC ACID ON THE in vitro IMMUNOLOGICAL RELEASE OF HISTAMINE AND SLOW REACTING SUBSTANCE OF ANAPHYLAXIS FROM ACTIVELY SENSITIZED GUINEA‐PIG LUNG FRAGMENTS

1. The in vitro immunological release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from actively sensitized guinea-pig lung fragments was greatly reduced when the animals were maintained on an ascorbic acid-deficient diet. Excessive dietary levels of ascorbic acid did not increase mediator release above normal levels. 2. Restoration of ascorbic acid in the diet of scorbutic guinea-pigs restored in vitro immunological histamine to normal levels. 3. Variation in dietary levels of ascorbic acid had no effect on lung histamine content. 4. The lung ascorbic acid content was proportional to the dietary intake. Approximately 60% of the total lung ascorbic acid was removed by the process of chopping and washing of the tissue. This relationship was independent of dietary intake. 5. The results indicate that the immunological release of mediators of inflammation from guinea-pig lung is dependent on adequate endogenous levels of ascorbic acid.
The effect of isoproterenol on cardiovascular function in the stage 24 chick embryo.

The developing cardiovascular system of the chick embryo is susceptible to teratogenic effects of catecholamines. Yet the mechanism for the teratogenetic action is unclear. Since catecholamines affect cardiovascular physiology, we studied the acute effect of the l3-agonist isoproterenol on mean atrial pressure, heart rate, mean dorsal aortic blood flow, mean arterial pres­ sure and vascular resistance in stage 24 chick embryos. Dorsal aortic blood velocity was measured with a 20-MHz pulsed-Doppler velocity meter and intravascular pressure was measured with a servo-null pressure system. Iso­ proterenol in doses of 2 x 10- 4 j1g (2.5 j1g/kg), 8 x 10-. 1 j1g (10 j1g/kg), and 1.2 x 1O- 3 j1g (15 j1g/kg) was injected intravenously in 5-j11 aliquots of chick Ringer's solution. Additional groups of embryos were treated with the 13­ antagonist propranolol, and isoproterenol plus propranoloL Control embryos received 5 j11 chick Ringer's solution to assess the hemodynamic effects of a volume injection. We found that isoproterenol caused no change in mean atrial pressure, heart rate, or mean arterial pressure. However, isoproterenol caused a dose-related decrease in dorsal aortic blood flow and a 2.5-fold increase in vascular resistance. The effects of isoproterenol were blocked by propranolol, which suggested that the increase in vascular resistance was mediated by 13­ receptor stimulation. The developing cardiovascular system in primary effect of isoproterenol on the myo­ the chick embryo is susceptible to terato­ cardium or the peripheral vascular bed. genic effects of catecholamines. Hodach et aL Using recently developed techniques for ('74) showed that epinephrine applied topi­ measuring dorsal aortic blood flow and blood cally to stage 24 chick embryos resulted in pressure in the chick embryo (Clark and Hu, anomalies of the aortic arches. These inves­ '82), we studied the acute effects of intrave­ tigators subsequently showed that isoproter­ nous isoproterenol, a l3-agonist, and propran­ enol, a l3-agonist, also caused aortic arch olol, a l3-antagonist, and the two drugs in malformations (Hodach et aL, '75). In addi­ combination in the stage 24 chick embryo. tion, the rate of malformations was reduced We found that isoproterenol caused no change by practolol, a 131-antagonist (Gilbert et aL, in mean atrial pressure, heart rate, and mean '77). These studies suggest that isoproteren­ arterial pressure. However, there was a dose­ ol's teratogenic mechanism is mediated related decrease in dorsal aortic blood flow through l3-receptors. and an increase in vascular resistance. Pro­ Although investigators have suspected that pranolol blocked the effects of isoproterenoL catecholamines altered cardiac function in
Mast cells in the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion: a functional and histological assessment.

We have previously found that antigenic stimulation of mast cells in the guinea pig superior cervical ganglion leads to membrane depolarization of principal neurons and a long-term increase in the efficacy of ganglionic transmission. In this study experiments were conducted to discern the histological, immunological and pharmacological characteristics of the mast cells within the superior cervical ganglion. Mast cells within the superior cervical ganglion could be stained with toluidine blue or berberine sulfate, the latter indicating that heparin-like molecules were present in the granules. Stainable mast cells were distributed throughout the ganglion with no gross evidence of regional localization. The number of mast cells stained with toluidine blue was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in contralateral ganglia that had been exposed to the sensitizing antigen (ovalbumin), indicating antigen-induced degranulation. The superior cervical ganglion contained 208 ± 6 picomole of histamine (mean ± SEM, n = 66). Ovalbumin evoked the release of histamine from the superior cervical ganglion in a concentration-dependent fashion. At maximally effective concentrations, ovalbumin released 33 ± 2% of the total histamine stores (mean ± SEM, n = 61). Similar values were obtained with antigen-challenged stellate ganglia. A temperature of 37°C and an extracellular calcium concentration of 1 mM was required to elicit optimal antigen-induced responses. In addition to releasing histamine, antigenic stimulation of the ganglion resulted in a 3- to 5-fold increase in the synthesis and release of arachidonic acid metabolites including peptidoleukotriene, thromboxane B2, prostaglandins (PG) E2, F2α, D2, the PGD2 metabolite 9α 11β-PGF2, and the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto PGF1α. Various putative mast cell secretagogues were examined for their ability to activate the superior cervical ganglion mast cell, as indicated by evoked histamine release. In contrast to rat peritoneal mast cells, high concentrations of substance P, compound 48/80, and nerve growth factor failed to stimulate the ganglion mast cells. Preganglionic nerve stimulation, electrical field stimulation of axons and cell bodies, or depolarizing concentrations of potassium chloride also failed to activate the superior cervical ganglion mast cells. These results suggest that substances released by membrane depolarization do not influence the function of the resident mast cells. The results demonstrate that the mast cells within sympathetic ganglia can be actively sensitized to respond to specific antigen. These mast cells are similar to lung parenchymal mast cells with respect to histological, immunological and pharmacological characteristics. Finally, the data are consistent with a hypothesis that the antigen-induced effects on superior cervical ganglion neurons occur secondary to the synthesis and release of a variety of bioactive substances, including biogenic amines, heparin-like molecules, and cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid.
NADPH Oxidase NOX4 Supports Renal Tumorigenesis by Promoting the Expression and Nuclear Accumulation of HIF2α

Most sporadically occurring renal tumors include a functional loss of the tumor suppressor VHL. Development of VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) relies upon activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-2α, a master transcriptional regulator of genes that drive diverse processes including angiogenesis, proliferation and anaerobic metabolism. In determining the critical functions for HIF-2α expression in RCC cells, the NADPH oxidase NOX4 has been identified, but the pathogenic contributions of NOX4 to RCC have not been evaluated directly. Here we report that NOX4 silencing in VHL-deficient RCC cells abrogates cell branching, invasion, colony formation and growth in a murine xenograft model RCC. These alterations were phenocopied by treatment of the superoxide scavenger, TEMPOL, or by overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or catalase. Notably, NOX4 silencing or superoxide scavenging was sufficient to block nuclear accumulation of HIF-2α in RCC cells. Our results offer direct evidence that NOX4 is critical for renal tumorigenesis and they show how NOX4 suppression and VHL re-expression in VHL-deficient RCC cells are genetically synonymous, supporting development of therapeutic regimens aimed at NOX4 blockade.
Electronic Hall Effect in the Alkali Halides

The Hall mobility of electrons in colored NaCl, KCl, KBr, and KI has been measured using an unconventional technique previously described by the author. Measurements on additively and x-ray colored NaCl yield an electronic mobility of 250\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/volt sec at 84\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, decreasing to about 25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25 at 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In additively colored KCl the mobility is 100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50 at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; in additively colored KBr it is about 110 at 84\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In additively colored KI the mobility is 155\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30 at 84\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, decreasing to 30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15 at 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. In every case the sign of the Hall effect is electronic. These observations are consistent with the mobility theory of Low and Pines assuming effective mass ratios between 0.35 and 0.6 for the unpolarizable crystal, or polaron effective mass ratios between 0.5 and 0.9. These mobility data combined with photoconductive yield data give values of the capture cross section of $F$ centers for electrons (to form ${F}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ centers) between 0.7 and 5 times ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at about 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling and the Consequent Induction of Transformation by Overexpressed 14-3-3γ Protein Require Specific Amino Acids within 14-3-3γ N-terminal Variable Region II

Members of the 14-3-3 superfamily regulate numerous cellular functions by binding phosphoproteins. The seven human isoforms (and the myriad of other eukaryotic 14-3-3 proteins) are highly conserved in amino acid sequence and secondary structure, yet there is abundant evidence that the various isoforms manifest disparate as well as common functions. Several of the human 14-3-3 isoforms are dysregulated in certain cancers and thus have been implicated in oncogenesis; experimentally, 14-3-3γ behaves as an oncogene, whereas 14-3-3σ acts as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we sought to localize these opposing phenotypes to specific regions of the two isoforms and then to individual amino acids therein. Using a bioinformatics approach, six variable regions (VRI–VRVI) were identified. Using this information, two sets of constructs were created in which N-terminal portions (including either VRI–IV or only VRI and VRII) of 14-3-3γ and 14-3-3σ were swapped; NIH3T3 cells overexpressing the four chimeric proteins were tested for transformation activity (focus formation, growth in soft agar) and activation of PI3K and MAPK signaling. We found that the specific phenotypes of 14-3-3γ are associated with the N-terminal 40 amino acids (VRI and VRII); in like fashion, VRI and VRII of 14-3-3σ dictated its tumor suppressor function. Using individual amino acid substitutions within the 14-3-3γ VRII, we identified two residues required for and two contributing to the γ-specific phenotypes. Our observations suggest that isoform-specific phenotypes are dictated by a relatively few amino acids within variable regions.
Conservation or Violation of $B^-$l in Proton Decay

Abstract The question of whether or not proton decay conserves baryon minus lepton number is studied. We argue that observation of B − L violation would indicate the existence of physical structure in the mass scale between M W ≃ 10 2 GeV and M X ≃ 10 16 GeV, contrary to the usual supposition about grand unification.
The isolation of di-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-myo-inositol and tri-O-(indole-3-acetyl)-myo-inositol from mature kernels of Zea mays☆

Abstract Di- O -(indole-3-acetyl)- myo -inositol and tri- O -(indole-3-acetyl)- myo -inositol have been isolated from kernels of Zea mays and identified by gas—liquid chromatographic—mass spectrometric analysis of their trimethylsilyl ethers.
Acute Pancreatitis Associated With Campylobacter jejuni Enteritis: A Case Report

A 62-year-old male developed pancreatitis including elevation of pancreatic enzymes and evidence of pancreatic inflammation on imaging in association with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. Hyperamylasemia in association with C. jejuni enteritis has been reported occasionally. Though many reports in the literature are incomplete, to our knowledge, only a single prior report of pancreatitis associated with Campylobacter jejuni enteritis included radiographic evidence of pancreatic inflammation. doi:10.4021/jmc541w
Molecular Basis for Ionic Strength Dependence and Crystal Morphology in Two-Dimensional Streptavidin Crystallization

The two-dimensional crystallization of streptavidin at functionalized lipid interfaces is one of the best studied model systems for investigating molecular self-assembly processes. This system also provides an opportunity to elucidate the relationship between protein−protein molecular recognition, crystallization solution conditions, and crystal properties such as coherence, space group symmetry, and morphology. A better understanding of these relationships may aid in the design of rational strategies for promoting high-quality protein crystallization and for controlling protein assembly at interfaces in the biomaterials and nanotechnology fields. Here we show that two-dimensional streptavidin crystallization is kinetically controlled and that formation of a single electrostatic interaction at the crystal contact interfaces is a key energetic determinant of the kinetic barriers controlling crystal morphology. Our results also demonstrate that this electrostatic interaction at the streptavidin protein−prot...
Subphase Exchange Apparatus for Monomolecular Film Studies

An apparatus for studying monomolecular films, by which the subphase can be changed without disturbing the film, was developed and the effectiveness of the apparatus was studied. Almost 100% of the subphase could be replaced when 1500 ml. of the subphase was exchanged over 20 min. By studying dipalmitoyl lecithin monolayers with and without subphase exchange (the π-A curves in both cases were the same), it was established that the films are not disturbed during the subphase exchange operation. The effect of subphase exchange on human serum albumin films of different concentrations was studied. The films became condensed when a water subphase was exchanged with water, apparently because of loss of some protein from the surface. This effect was more pronounced when films were spread using larger amounts of human serum albumin. The loss of less protein when less human serum albumin was spread was attributed to better spreading. The films also became condensed when a sodium chloride subphase solution was replaced with sodium chloride solution of the same concentration. However, the effect was less pronounced as compared to the water exchange with water. The π-A plots of human serum albumin films, in which the water subphase was exchanged with sodium chloride solution, were superimposable on the π-A plots of films spread on sodium chloride solution without exchange. Films of malate dehydrogenase formed using different amounts of this enzyme were studied after the buffer subphase was changed with a buffer solution of the same concentration. The exchange of this subphase had no effect on the π-A plots of any malate dehydrogenase film.
Attributions to Sexual Minority Women’s Academic Success

Narratives from 33 sexual minority women were examined to discover what factors contributed to their ability to acquire academic success, and what, if any, attributions are evident in some sexual minority women’s experiences that provide the ability to persist and graduate. Coping strategies the participants used to gain the resiliency and persistence necessary to acquire academic success are discussed. Intrinsic themes were work ethic values, altruism, and self-efficacy. Extrinsic themes were mentors, family, and friends. Sexual minority women identified the complexity of intrinsic and extrinsic attributions that were used to successfully complete a four-year undergraduate degree in the United States.