cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of solid oxide fuel cells under fuel-side operational stresses

The performance of lab-scale solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) was evaluated under several types of non-ideal conditions affecting the anode (fuel electrode) including: inadequate exhaust of the combustion products; exposure to hydrogen-nitrogen fuel streams containing up to 500 ppm H2S; interruption of the fuel stream; and leakage of air into the anode atmosphere. The cells were supported by yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes (3.8 cm diameter) and had lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) cathodes and anodes of either Ni/YSZ or Ni/gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC). In addition, the anodes of some cells had been infiltrated with a 50- to 100-nm thick layer of nanocrystalline cerium oxide before testing. Cell performance was evaluated by monitoring output voltage and area-specific resistance (ASR) during galvanostatic operation. The non-ideal operating conditions produced distinctive changes in output voltage and ASR. These were attributed to microstructural changes in the anodes. The performance changes can potentially be used to diagnose, and possibly rectify, adverse operating conditions in the field.
Loop-free constrained path computation for hop-by-hop QoS routing

We present the distributed multi-constrained routing (DMR) protocol for the computation of constrained paths for QoS routing in computer networks. DMR exploits distance vectors to construct a logical shortest multipath (LSM) for each destination with regard to a given optimization metric, from which a set of non-dominated paths are locally derived at each node. As such DMR is able to find feasible paths as well as optimize the utilization of routing resources. DMR operates in line with the hop-by-hop, connectionless routing model assumed in the IP Internet, and maintains instantaneous loop freedom. Nodes running DMR need not maintain a global view of network state (topology and resource information), and routing updates are sent only to neighboring nodes. This is in sharp contrast with all previous approaches that rely on complete or partial network state for constrained path computation, which incurs excessive communication overhead in large networks and is hard to achieve in practice.
Metal-dinitrogen tetroxide reactions in acetonitrile and dimethylsulphoxide

Abstract Magnesium and bismuth react with dinitrogen tetroxide in acetonitrile solution to give acetonitrile adducts of magnesium and bismuth nitrates. With excess dinitrogen tetroxide, bismuth reacts to form a bismuth nitrate adduct which can be decomposed to give anhydrous bismuth nitrate. Many metals which do not react with dinitrogen tetroxide in acetonitrile do react in dimethylsulphoxide, probably as a consequence of the greater co-ordinating ability of dimethylsulphoxide toward both dinitrogen tetroxide and the metal cation formed in the reaction. Antimony gives a white, deliquescent substance having the composition expressed by the formula SbO(NO 3 )·(CH 3 ) 2 SO, bismuth, a colourless crystalline substance with a composition expressed by the formula Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ·3(CH 3 ) 2 SO. Molybdenum is oxidized to the +6 oxidation state, and a yellow crystalline compound of unknown structure having the unusual stoicheiometry 4MoO 3 ·5(CH 3 ) 2 SO is formed. Lead reacts readily to give lead nitrate. Aluminium, titanium, iron, nickel, chromium, tin, arsenic, silicon and selenium show little or no tendency to react with dinitrogen tetroxide in dimethylsulphoxide.
Demonstration of extended RF chirp generation via time division multiplexing

We have demonstrated a novel modulation scheme based on TDM to extend the frequency span of a chirped RF signal. Extended RF chirp we have generated agrees very well with the conventional RF chirp signal.
Characterization of Nuclear Polyadenylated RNA-binding Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

To study the functions of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), we have characterized nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding (Nab) proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nab1p, Nab2p, and Nab3p were isolated by a method which uses UV light to cross-link proteins directly bound to poly(A)+ RNA in vivo. We have previously characterized Nab2p, and demonstrated that it is structurally related to human hnRNPs. Here we report that Nab1p is identical to the Np13p/Nop3p protein recently implicated in both nucleocytoplasmic protein shuttling and pre-rRNA processing, and characterize a new nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding protein, Nab3p. The intranuclear distributions of the Nab proteins were analyzed by three-dimensional immunofluorescence optical microscopy. All three Nab proteins are predominantly localized within the nucleoplasm in a pattern similar to the distribution of hnRNPs in human cells. The NAB3 gene is essential for cell viability and encodes an acidic ribonucleoprotein. Loss of Nab3p by growth of a GAL::nab3 mutant strain in glucose results in a decrease in the amount of mature ACT1, CYH2, and TPI1 mRNAs, a concomitant accumulation of unspliced ACT1 pre-mRNA, and an increase in the ratio of unspliced CYH2 pre-mRNA to mRNA. These results suggest that the Nab proteins may be required for packaging pre-mRNAs into ribonucleoprotein structures amenable to efficient nuclear RNA processing.
Perceptions of co-operation and collegiality by participants of a one-day challenge course programme

While many studies have sought to understand challenge courses and their benefits, less emphasis has been focused on understanding participants' perceptions of these programmes. In this study, 16 adults working at a dental office attended a one-day challenge course programme designed to teach lessons about co-operation. Data were collected via in vivo observations, digital video observations and two individual interviews with 11 participants. These qualitative sources of data were analysed and several themes emerged. For the purposes of this paper the following two themes are described: (a) co-operation and (b) camaraderie. Findings suggested that improvements to co-operation were not clearly recognized in the workplace; however, experiences with these concepts were identified during the challenge course and a sense of enhanced camaraderie was acknowledged. Connections to related literature and suggestions for research and practice are provided.
Effects of Dietary Cation-Anion Difference on Intake, Milk Yield, and Blood Components of the Early Lactation Cow

Abstract Early lactation Holsteins cows (15 primiparous and 18 multiparous) were offered rations with dietary cation-anion difference, calculated as mEq (Na + K−Cl−S)/100g of feed dry matter (DCAD:S), of 20, 35, or 50 mEq from d 0 (calving) to 42 d postpartum (August 20, 2000 to January 9, 2001) to determine the effects of increasing DCAD:S on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, and blood metabolites. For DCAD:S of 20, 35, and 50, DMI was 3.30, 3.38, 2.96 kg/100kg of body weight (BW); milk yield was 25.5, 24.2, and 22.4 kg/d, respectively. No differences were observed for concentration or yield of milk fat or milk protein. Serum Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cl, cation-anion difference, insulin, and glucose did not differ with DCAD. Serum HCO 3 − was 26.07, 25.88, and 27.64 mEq/L for 20, 35, and 50 DCAD:S. Serum Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations were greater for primiparous cows (9.52 mg/dL, 2.35 mg/dL, 140.03 mEq/L, 4.66 mEq/L, respectively) than for multiparous cows (9.27 mg/dL, 2.12 mg/dL, 137.63 mEq/L, 4.46 mEq/ L, respectively). A DCAD:S between 23 and 33 mEq/ 100g of dry matter (DM) appears to be adequate during cool weather for the milk yield that occurred in the present study based on DMI (kg/100kg of BW), whereas DCAD:S of 50 mEq/100g of DM may be excessive and could be too alkaline or unpalatable, resulting in decreased DMI (kg/100kg of BW).
A Monte-Carlo approach for the accurate and efficient estimation of average transition probabilities in sequential logic circuits

This paper presents an efficient and accurate Monte-Carlo approach to the problem of estimating average node switching probabilities in sequential circuits which are used in average power estimation and reliability analysis of these circuits. Specific error bounds for the proposed estimation method are given at a certain level of confidence. This method is based on the analysis of paths in the State Transition Graph (STG) of the circuit and is validated by both theoretical analysis as well as experimental results.
The Costs of Conspecifics: Are Social Distractions or Environmental Distractions More Salient?

Animals have limited attention that predisposes them to distraction, but the impact of different types of distraction is relatively unknown. We first conducted a discrimination experiment to ensure brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) responded appropriately to model predators (a rubber snake) and model conspecifics. We found anoles responded to the snake by suppressing looking and increasing locomotion, a marked difference than their response when presented with a conspecific. Next, we designed a prime and probe experiment to test the salience of social and environmental distractions on brown anoles. The social distraction consisted of a conspecific exemplar that was presented to the focal individual. Environmental distractions were vegetation that was moved at different speeds (ambient or vigorous) near the focal individual. Following 30 seconds of distraction with one of the three treatments, we presented the model snake, which was initially moved to within 1 m of a subject, and then moved closer until the subject looked in response to the approaching threat, and then fled. There was no effect of distractor on alert distance, but anoles distracted with the conspecific tolerated a closer approach with the model predator before fleeing than they did to either of the vegetative movements. These results cannot be explained by three other models of risk assessment and suggest that social cues distracted brown anoles more than environmental cues. These results may be generalizable to other social species that must simultaneously monitor conspecifics and assess predation risk.
A sub-channel selective orthogonal frequency division multiplexing spread spectrum system

We propose a sub-channel selective OFDM-SS system, which implements a sub-optimal, constant power water-filling. The maximal ratio combining weights are used as channel side information. The use of a distributed algorithm removes the need to collect all the data at the base station. The performance of this system is studied and compared to the exact water-filling and conventional OFDM-SS system through simulation for single and multi-user (CDMA) cases.
Asset Pricing with Left-Skewed Long-Run Risk in Durable Consumption

I document that durable consumption growth is persistent and predicted by the price-dividend ratio. This provides strong and direct evidence for the existence of a highly persistent expected component. I also document robust evidence that durable consumption growth is left skewed and exhibits time-varying volatility. Based on these empirical properties, I model durable consumption growth as containing a persistent expected component and driven by shocks with counter-cyclical volatility. I embed the durable consumption growth dynamics and random walk nondurable consumption growth in nonseparable Epstein-Zin preferences, and model dividend growth as a levered claim on the expected component of durable consumption growth. The resulting model can explain a number of asset pricing phenomena, including pro-cyclical price-dividend ratios, large and counter-cyclical equity premia and stock return volatilities, low and smooth risk-free rates, and the predictability of stock returns. The model also generates the volatility feedback effect and an upward sloping term structure of real bond yields.
Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500–1900 – By Patrick O'Flanagan

Historical geography has long been at the forefront of the rising interest in the Atlantic world that is transforming the work of scholars of many disciplinary stripes. Patrick O'Flanagan reaches d...
Mutations within the Pathogenic Region of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 gK Signal Sequences Alter Cell Surface Expression and Neurovirulence

To investigate the role of the signal sequences of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) gK on virus replication and viral pathogenesis, we constructed recombinant viruses with or without mutations within the signal sequences of gK. These recombinant viruses expressed two additional copies of the mutated (MgK) or native (NgK) form of the gK gene in place of the latency-associated transcript with a myc epitope tag to facilitate detection at their 3′ ends. The replication of MgK virus was similar to that of NgK both in vitro and in vivo, as well as in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of latently infected mice. The levels of gB and gK transcripts in the corneas, TG, and brains of infected mice on days 3 and 5 postinfection were markedly virus and time dependent, as well as tissue specific. Mutation in the signal sequence of gK in MgK virus blocked cell surface expression of gK-myc in rabbit skin cells, increased 50% lethal dose, and decreased corneal scarring in ocularly infected mice compared to the NgK or revertant (RgK) virus. MgK and NgK viruses, and not the RgK virus, showed a reduced extent of explant reactivation at the lower dose of ocular infection but not at the higher dose. However, the time of reactivation was not affected by overexpression of the different forms of gK. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the 8mer peptide (ITAYGLVL) within the signal sequence of gK promotes cell surface expression of gK in infected cells and ocular pathogenesis in infected mice. IMPORTANCE In this study, we show for the first time that mutations within the signal sequence of gK blocked cell surface expression of inserted recombinant gK in vitro. Furthermore, this blockage in cell surface expression was correlated with higher 50% lethal dose and less corneal scarring in vivo. Thus, these studies point to a key role for the 8mer within the signal sequence of gK in HSV-1-induced pathogenicity.
Multi-Objective Pareto Concurrent Subspace Optimization for Multidisciplinary Design

Most real-world design problems are complex and multidisciplinary, with almost always more than one objective (cost) function to be extremized simultaneously. The primary goal of this research is to develop a framework to enable multi-objective optimization of multidisciplinary design applications, wherein each discipline is able to retain substantial autonomous control during the process. To achieve this end, we have extended the capability of the concurrent subspace optimization method to handle multi-objective optimization problems in a multidisciplinary design optimization context Although the conventional concurrent subspace optimization approach is easily able to deal with multi-objective optimization problems by applying the weighted sum approach, the main disadvantage is that the weighted sum cannot capture Pareto points on any nonconvex part of the Pareto frontier. Moreover, an aggregate objective function simply cannot reflect the true spirit of the concurrent subspace optimization method, which was developed to allow groups of specialists to independently have more control over their own design criteria and goals, even while maintaining system level coordination. In this paper, the multi-objective Pareto concurrent subspace optimization method is proposed in which each discipline has substantial control over its own objective function during the design process, while still ensuring responsibility for constraint satisfaction in coupled subspaces. The proposed approach is particularly useful given the realities of geographical distribution, computational platform variation, and dependence upon legacy codes within individual disciplines that so predominates the design of large-scale products such as aircraft and automobiles. As part of the multi-objective Pareto concurrent subspace optimization method developed here, it is demonstrated that the endpoints of the Pareto frontier can be easily identified, together with an ability to generate Pareto points within prescribed limits to ensure a reasonably even distribution across the entire frontier. The approach is validated (using three multidisciplinary design optimization test problems) against Pareto frontiers generated using the weighted sum approach.
Natural mentoring among older youth in and aging out of foster care: A systematic review

Abstract Due to their histories of caregiver maltreatment, living instability, and potential attachment challenges associated with out-of-home care, older foster youth represent a particularly vulnerable group of adolescents at increased risk for a number of poor well-being outcomes. However, research supports the notion that a relationship with a competent, caring adult, such as a mentor, may serve protectively for vulnerable youth, and a nascent yet growing body of literature suggests that naturally occurring mentoring relationships from within youth's social networks are associated with improved outcomes among young people in foster care during adolescence and the transition to adulthood. This systematic review is the first to comprehensively identify, synthesize, and summarize what we currently know from nearly a decade of theories, concepts, and research findings pertaining to natural mentoring among adolescent youth in foster care. A bibliographic search of seven databases and personal outreach to mentoring researchers and practitioners through a national listserv yielded 38 English-language documents from academic sources and the gray literature pertaining to natural mentoring among older foster youth. We identified quantitative studies that have been conducted to test the theories and hypotheses that have emerged from the qualitative studies of natural mentoring among youth in foster care. Together, this literature suggests that natural mentoring is a promising practice for youth in foster care. Based on our findings from the systematic review, we make practice recommendations to encourage the facilitation of natural mentoring within child welfare contexts and outline an agenda for future research that more rigorously investigates natural mentoring among older youth in foster care.
Jacobian-Based Iterative Method for Magnetic Localization in Robotic Capsule Endoscopy

The purpose of this study is to validate a Jacobian-based iterative method for real-time localization of magnetically controlled endoscopic capsules. The proposed approach applies finite-element solutions to the magnetic field problem and least-squares interpolations to obtain closed-form and fast estimates of the magnetic field. By defining a closed-form expression for the Jacobian of the magnetic field relative to changes in the capsule pose, we are able to obtain an iterative localization at a faster computational time when compared with prior works, without suffering from the inaccuracies stemming from dipole assumptions. This new algorithm can be used in conjunction with an absolute localization technique that provides initialization values at a slower refresh rate. The proposed approach was assessed via simulation and experimental trials, adopting a wireless capsule equipped with a permanent magnet, six magnetic field sensors, and an inertial measurement unit. The overall refresh rate, including sensor data acquisition and wireless communication was 7 ms, thus enabling closed-loop control strategies for magnetic manipulation running faster than 100 Hz. The average localization error, expressed in cylindrical coordinates was below 7 mm in both the radial and axial components and 5 $^\circ$ in the azimuthal component. The average error for the capsule orientation angles, obtained by fusing gyroscope and inclinometer measurements, was below 5 $^\circ$ .
Nutrition and aging.

This article has discussed current knowledge of the nutritional status of the healthy elderly population, possible nutritional risk with respect to individual nutrients, and how nutritional needs of the elderly compare with those of younger adults. Application of these findings to the total elderly population will involve the disciplines of gerontology and medicine with respect to the psychological, social, and economic aspects of aging and to the special needs of the ill and frail elderly segment of this population.
The journey to birth: medical and geographical patterns of births to women of a rural Kentucky county, 1911-1980.

A relative lack of medical services is common in rural areas, and it has been suggested that the number of births in the mother’s county of residence reflects both the availability of obstetric services as well as attitudes toward local and nonlocal medical care. In order to better understand these relationships, we analyzed the evolution of medical and geographical patterns of births to women of a rural Kentucky county in the context of both a changing philosophy and a changing availability of medical care. Specifically, using archival data, we assessed the locus (i.e., home versus hospital) and location (i.e., county) of births to Robertson County women from 1911 to 1980. Without a hospital for the entire period and with the number of physicians declining, the percentage of incounty home births increased steadily, reaching virtually 100 percent by 1950. During this same period, the number of physicians practicing there decreased from 22 to 2. Subsequent delivery patterns reflect the acceptance by the physicians and women of the "principle" of hospital delivery formally enounced in 1945. By 1965, home births had been eliminated, and Robertson County women were, of necessity, traveling the 25-30 miles to the several hospitals in contiguous counties. In the past 15 years, a substantial proportion (almost 20 percent) have elected to travel to hospitals even farther (55-60 miles) from Robertson County. Generally, the Robertson County experience reflects the "lag" observed in the rural-urban, home versus hospital birth experience. Nevertheless, since 1966, all recorded births to Robertson County women have occurred in hospitals. Despite the considerable distances the women have to travel for care, there is no evidence of the movement toward returning to home delivery recently observed in other sectors of society.
Diversity, Oppression, and Change: Culturally Grounded Social Work (2nd ed.)

Marsiglia and Kulis, both on the faculty at Arizona State University, have provided a masterful work worthy of a wide social work audience. Their postmodern understanding that culture as a dynamic ...
In Vivo Studies of Brain Oxygen Metabolism and Oxidative Phosphorylation

The greatest merit of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methodology used in brain research is its ability to noninvasively determine cerebral metabolites, metabolic rates and their dynamic changes caused by physiological or pathological perturbations. The utility of in vivo MRS is further enhanced with high/ultrahigh magnetic field strength instruments because of significant gains in detection sensitivity and improvements in spectral resolution. Recent progress of in vivo 31P and 17O MRS methodologies at high field has further demonstrated great potential and promise for in vivo measurements of crucial metabolic rates with regard to two essential chemical processes: cerebral oxygen utilization and oxidative phosphorylation of ADP. These metabolic rates are tightly linked to each other and are ultimately regulated by ATP consumption. This chapter provides a brief review of the new developments in in vivo 31P and 17O MRS techniques and their applications to the study of cerebral oxidative metabolism in supporting brain activity and function.
A prospective study of endometriosis and risk of benign breast disease

Purpose Given the altered hormonal and inflammatory environment of women with endometriosis, several studies have suggested a positive association between endometriosis and breast cancer, although findings have been mixed. This study investigates the relationship between endometriosis and benign breast disease (BBD), benign lesions that are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.
Online Health Information Seeking in Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery.

Purpose Information gathering is a key component of shared decision making and has a measurable effect on treatment decisions. Access to health information might improve quality of care in hand surgery. Our purpose was to identify socio-demographic, condition-related, and psychosocial factors associated with online information-seeking behavior in patients with hand and upper-extremity conditions. Methods From June 2015 to February 2016, we enrolled 134 patients with an upper-extremity condition who presented to an outpatient hand surgery office at an urban level I trauma center in this cross-sectional study. Participants provided socio-demographic information and completed online questionnaires assessing their online information-seeking behavior, pain intensity, symptoms of depression, and pain interference, and an upper extremity–specific, patient-reported outcome measure. Results A total of 57 patients (43%) sought information regarding their condition online before their visit. Compared with patients with no online information-seeking behavior, patients who sought information online were more educated. Psychosocial and condition-related factors were not associated with online information seeking. In multivariable analysis, education in years and involvement of the dominant upper limb were independently associated with online information-seeking behavior. Conclusions Education in years and involvement of the dominant upper limb were independently associated with online information-seeking behavior but psychosocial and condition-related factors were not. Clinical relevance As health information seeking is becoming an integral part of the modern day clinical experience, efforts to make online information more appealing and useful to people of all education levels are merited.
Gaming for Respondents: A Test of the Impact of Gamification on Completion Rates:

This paper examines the challenge for marketing research companies in overcoming consumers' reluctance to participate in surveys in order to provide decision makers with quality data. On the one ha...
Towards a Road-Mapping Ontology for Open Innovation in Smart Manufacturing

In nascent areas, such as Smart Manufacturing, new collaborative research and development programs (R&D) are frequently formed with the goal to ignite the innovation lifecycle. Yet, clearly formulating common goals and enabling shared understanding of key concepts, which are critical to achieving these goals, often involve long, drawn-out processes. These processes typically involve road-mapping that meet the need for informal, albeit imprecise and ambiguous, communications. We are starting to develop a road-mapping meta-model and an associated ontology to provide more precise and less ambiguous communications in a recently started R&D program on Smart Manufacturing. To that effect, in this paper, we analyze use cases to provide input into the meta-model and ontology development.
Evaluation of Electrical Energy Storage (EES) Technologies for Renewable Energy: A Case from the US Pacific Northwest

Abstract Increase in use of renewable energy such as solar and wind has created challenges in balancing load. Renewable energy intermittency can be addressed with different solutions and technologies. Using Electric Energy Storage (EES) has been an approach which has been studied extensively in the recent years. This paper reviews the storage technologies leveraging both technical papers on technologies as well as other reviews of such technologies done by other researchers. The contribution of this paper is in two areas. First the use of a case study demonstrates how different approaches can address different challenges. Second contribution is the review of evaluation factors and methods of such technologies resulting in a proposed framework.
Burnard, Lou, Katherine O’Brien O’Keeffe, and John Unsworth, eds. 2006. Electronic textual editing. New York: Modern Language Association of America. vii + 419 pages + CD-ROM.

As editors continue to transition from the production of scholarly print editions to electronic editions, we must remember the roots of our labors and frame our work by looking behind us and ahead. We must position ourselves so that we can see our editorial past and understand how the body of print knowledge informs the ever-expanding nexuses provided by electronic editing. Electronic Textual Editing serves as a watershed collection of essays that asks important questions about this shift and that offers the responses of seasoned editors of electronic editions.
Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Background The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest) measures various aspects of postural control, but little data exist in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometrics of the BESTest in MS. Design Observational study. Methods 21 ambulatory subjects with MS participated. In the first session, demographic data was collected; each subject completed a questionnaire of self-perceived disability level and the BESTest. The BESTest was re-administered 1 week later. Results Test–retest reliability (ICC 3,1) for the total BESTest was 0.94, ranging 0.66 to 0.93 for the subsections. Internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha) for the total BESTest was 0.97; subsections scores ranged 0.79 to 0.96. Minimal detectable change (MDC) scores ranged from 2.25 to 4.58 for subsections with 9.47 points for total BESTest. Weak to moderate correlations were found between individual subsection scores (0.12 to 0.78), and BESTest total and subsection scores to fall (−0.08 to −0.62) frequency and self-perceived disability level (−0.24 to −0.64). Strongest correlations were found between BESTest total and individual subsection scores. No floor effects were found; five BESTest subsections had ceiling effects. Conclusions The BESTest is reliable and valid in individuals with MS. Total BESTest scores demonstrated higher reliability and a lack of a ceiling effect as compared to subsection scores, suggesting that clinicians use the BESTest in its entirety. The correlations among subsection scores indicate that each assesses a unique aspect of balance, supporting its construct validity. The MDC scores will assist clinicians in assessing patient change.
Porter’s Five Forces and the Coffee Industry:

This multiphase classroom exercise is designed for undergraduate students in capstone strategic management courses to become comfortable and adept at using Porter’s Five Forces framework for indust...
Beyond residential mobility: A broader conceptualization of instability and its impact on victimization risk among children.

Abstract Predictability in a child’s environment is a critical quality of safe, stable, nurturing relationships and environments, which promote wellbeing and protect against maltreatment. Research has focused on residential mobility's effect on this predictability. This study augments such research by analyzing the impact of an instability index—including the lifetime destabilization factors (LDFs) of natural disasters, homelessness, child home removal, multiple moves, parental incarceration, unemployment, deployment, and multiple marriages--on childhood victimizations. The cross-sectional, nationally representative sample of 12,935 cases (mean age = 8.6 years) was pooled from 2008, 2011, and 2014 National Surveys of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV). Logistic regression models controlling for demographics, socio-economic status, and family structure tested the association between excessive residential mobility, alone, and with LDFs, and past year childhood victimizations (sexual victimization, witnessing community or family violence, maltreatment, physical assault, property crime, and polyvictimization). Nearly 40% of the sample reported at least one LDF. Excessive residential mobility was significantly predictive of increased odds of all but two victimizations; almost all associations were no longer significant after other destabilizing factors were included. The LDF index without residential mobility was significantly predictive of increased odds of all victimizations (AOR’s ranged from 1.36 to 1.69), and the adjusted odds ratio indicated a 69% increased odds of polyvictimization for each additional LDF a child experienced. The LDF index thus provides a useful alternative to using residential moves as the sole indicator of instability. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive supports and services to support stability for children and families.
Freeze-extrusion for controllable assembly of 3-dimensional ultra-fine and amorphous fibrous matrices: potential applications in sorption

This paper studies the formation mechanism, properties and applications of fibrous matrices via freeze-extrusion. Though some porous fibrous materials via freezing and freeze-drying have been developed, applications of these materials are limited due to the lack of comprehensive studies on their formation mechanism. We demonstrate that polymers continue their concentration, precipitation, and accumulation along the direction of the temperature gradient in gaps between ices before the formation of fibrous matrices. Fibers with branched structures in matrices from freeze-extrusion are continuous and have large amorphous areas. Alignments of fibers are controllable. The porosity of freeze-extruded fibrous matrices is as high as 99.93%. These properties endow such matrices with good mechanical properties and excellent performance in water treatment. Good mechanical properties of these matrices ensure their reusability in water treatments. Sorption capacities of these matrices for major water pollutants, such as textile dyes and organic solvents, are as high as 1200 mg g−1 and 34 000%, respectively. The sorption capacities remain almost the same even after 50 reuses.
Role of CYP2E1 in Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS)-Dependent Cerebral Vasodilation During Chronic Alcohol Consumption

Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850 Oxidative stress is associated with alcohol-induced impairment of NOS-dependent cerebral vasodilation. We determined whether CYP2E1 and xanthine oxida...
Current Concepts in Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy (Celiac Sprue)

Aspects of gluten sensitive enteropathy which are examined include pathogenesis, role of immunologic factors, relationship to the histocompatibility antigen system, clinical features, laboratory investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up studies.
ImageX 3.0: a full stack imaging archive solution

Over the past several years we have faced the need to develop a number of solutions to address the challenge of archiving large-format scientific imaging data and seamlessly visualizing that data—irrespective of the image format—on a web browser. ImageX is a ground-up rewrite and synthesis of our solutions to this issue, with a goal of reducing the workload required to transition from simply storing vast amounts of scientific imaging data on disk to securely archiving and sharing that data with the world. The components that make up the ImageX service stack include a secure and scalable back-end data service optimized for providing imaging data, a pre-processor to harvest metadata and intelligently scale and store the imaging data, and a flexible and embeddable front-end visualization web application. Our latest version of the software suite called ImageX 3.0 has been designed to meet the needs of a single user running locally on their own personal computer or scaled up to provide support for the image storage and visualization needs of a modern observatory with the intention of providing a ’Push button’ solution to a fully deployed solution. Each ImageX 3.0 component is provided as a Docker container, and can be rapidly and seamlessly deployed to meet demand. In this paper, we describe the ImageX architecture while demonstrating many of its features, including intelligent image scaling with adaptive histograms, load-balancing, and administrative tools. On the user-facing side we demonstrate how the ImageX 3.0 viewer can be embedded into the content of any web application, and explore the astronomy-specific features and plugins we’ve written into it. The ImageX service stack is fully open-sourced, and is built upon widely-supported industry standards (Node.js, Angular, etc.). Apart from being deployed as a standalone service stack, ImageX components are currently in use or expected to be deployed on: (1) the ODI-PPA portal serving astronomical images taken at the WIYN Observatory in near real-time; (2) the web portal serving microscopy images taken at the IU Electron Microscopy Center; (3) the RADY-SCA portal supporting radiology and medical imaging as well as neuroscience researchers at IU.
Elbow and Forearm

This chapter deals with injuries of the elbow and forearm. Various types of fractures and other injuries are presented. MR is discussed where it significantly adds to evaluation of these injuries.
Robust spatial extent inference with a semiparametric bootstrap joint inference procedure

Spatial extent inference (SEI) is widely used across neuroimaging modalities to adjust for multiple comparisons when studying brain-phenotype associations that inform our understanding of disease. Recent studies have shown that Gaussian random field (GRF)-based tools can have inflated family-wise error rates (FWERs). This has led to substantial controversy as to which processing choices are necessary to control the FWER using GRF-based SEI. The failure of GRF-based methods is due to unrealistic assumptions about the spatial covariance function of the imaging data. A permutation procedure is the most robust SEI tool because it estimates the spatial covariance function from the imaging data. However, the permutation procedure can fail because its assumption of exchangeability is violated in many imaging modalities. Here, we propose the (semi-) parametric bootstrap joint (PBJ; sPBJ) testing procedures that are designed for SEI of multilevel imaging data. The sPBJ procedure uses a robust estimate of the spatial covariance function, which yields consistent estimates of standard errors, even if the covariance model is misspecified. We use the methods to study the association between performance and executive functioning in a working memory functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The sPBJ has similar or greater power to the PBJ and permutation procedures while maintaining the nominal type 1 error rate in reasonable sample sizes. We provide an R package to perform inference using the PBJ and sPBJ procedures.
Molecular insights into organic particulate formation

Carboxylic acids have been detected in particles collected in various regions of the world. Here, we use experiments and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations to better understand the mechanism of particle formation from gas phase mixtures of formic acid (HCOOH), (CH3)3N, and water vapor. A flow reaction cell coupled to two scanning mobility particle sizers has been used to measure particle size, absolute number of particles and kinetics of particle formation. Experimental results show that the addition of (CH3)3N to a mixture of HCOOH and water vapor results in a dramatic increase in particle formation. Simulation results indicate that the ion-pair formation on the water surface involves direct proton transfer between HCOOH and (CH3)3N. The HCOO—··(CH3)3NH+ ion-pair remains at the air–water interface due to hydrogen bonding and the interfacial hydration shell. This experiment-theory study shows the formation of aerosol particles from the organic acid-amine interactions, which may aid in understanding the role of organics in haze and cloud droplet formation and nanoparticle growth. Carboxylic acids and amines constitute a big part of aerosol particles but the precise details of their formation mechanism are still under investigation. Here, the authors use Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations combined with experiments to measure the morphology and kinetics of particle formation.
Study on Entreprenuership Development in SD Kanisius Protakan, Ngargomulyo, Muntilan

This paperaims to describe and understand how entrepreneurship was developed in SD Kanisius Protakan, Ngargomulyo, Muntilan. It was intended to build entrpernuerial characteristics in early childhood based on ecology and local wisdom. Entrepreneurship included in this learning process was in the form of respecting farmers as a dignified job because they take role in supporting human welfare and respecting the universe that has provided fertility and diversity of resources that can help humans improve their standard of living. This awareness needs to be developed so that children are proud of themselves, their parents, and their environment.They can thus grow into individuals who are ready to have entrepreneurial spirit for creatively and innovatively can utilize natural resources and humans to work together for mutual prosperity. Collaboration needed through parents, school and communities will provide a variety of ways of learning through parents, teachers and the community who remain rooted in local culture.
Surgery-First Approach in the Orthognathic Patient.

The surgery-first approach (SFA) has become a recent alternative to the conventional 3-stage approach to orthognathic surgery. Skeletal anchorage in orthodontics has facilitated the resurgence of this treatment sequence. By eliminating the presurgical phase of orthodontic treatment, patients have immediate resolution to their facial deformity. Treatment duration has been shown to be reduced; the difference with the conventional approach being approximately 5 months. Patient satisfaction with this approach is very high as measured by quality-of-life surveys. This article describes the indications and step-by-step approach of this technique in conjunction with virtual surgical planning.
Plasma vitamin D, past chest illness, and risk of future chest illness in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI): a longitudinal observational study.

STUDY DESIGN Observational study. OBJECTIVE Assess associations between vitamin D levels and other risk factors on future chest illness in a chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) cohort. SETTING Veterans Affairs Boston and the Boston, MA community. METHODS Between August 2009 and August 2017, 253 participants with chronic SCI were followed over a median of 3.2 years (up to 7.4 years) with two to four visits a median of 1.7 years apart. At each visit, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was obtained, spirometry performed, and a respiratory questionnaire assessing chest illnesses since last visit was completed. Repeated measures negative binomial regression was used to assess chest illness risk longitudinally. RESULTS At entry, 25% had deficient vitamin D levels (<20 nanograms/milliliter (ng/ml)), 52% were insufficient (20 to <30 ng/ml), and 23% were sufficient (≥30 ng/ml). Over 545 study visits, chest illnesses (n = 106) were reported by 60 participants. In multivariable models (including previous chest illness history), deficient vitamin D levels (compared with those with sufficient levels) were associated with future chest illness though with wide confidence limits (relative risk (RR) = 1.36, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.74, 2.47). The strongest association with chest illness during the follow-up period was in persons who reported pneumonia/bronchitis after injury and a chest illness in the three years before study entry (RR = 7.62; 95% CI = 3.70, 15.71). CONCLUSION Assessed prospectively in chronic SCI, there was a suggestive association between deficient vitamin D levels and future chest illness. Past chest illness history was also strongly associated with future chest illness.
Deep learning for site safety: Real-time detection of personal protective equipment

Abstract The leading causes of construction fatalities include traumatic brain injuries (resulted from fall and electrocution) and collisions (resulted from struck by objects). As a preventive step, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires that contractors enforce and monitor appropriate usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) of workers (e.g., hard hat and vest) at all times. This paper presents three deep learning (DL) models built on You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) architecture to verify PPE compliance of workers; i.e., if a worker is wearing hard hat, vest, or both, from image/video in real-time. In the first approach, the algorithm detects workers, hats, and vests and then, a machine learning model (e.g., neural network and decision tree) verifies if each detected worker is properly wearing hat or vest. In the second approach, the algorithm simultaneously detects individual workers and verifies PPE compliance with a single convolutional neural network (CNN) framework. In the third approach, the algorithm first detects only the workers in the input image which are then cropped and classified by CNN-based classifiers (i.e., VGG-16, ResNet-50, and Xception) according to the presence of PPE attire. All models are trained on an in-house image dataset that is created using crowd-sourcing and web-mining. The dataset, named Pictor-v3, contains ~1,500 annotated images and ~4,700 instances of workers wearing various combinations of PPE components. It is found that the second approach achieves the best performance, i.e., 72.3% mean average precision (mAP), in real-world settings, and can process 11 frames per second (FPS) on a laptop computer which makes it suitable for real-time detection, as well as a good candidate for running on light-weight mobile devices. The closest alternative in terms of performance (67.93% mAP) is the third approach where VGG-16, ResNet-50, and Xception classifiers are assembled in a Bayesian framework. However, the first approach is the fastest among all and can process 13 FPS with 63.1% mAP. The crowed-sourced Pictor-v3 dataset and all trained models are publicly available to support the design and testing of other innovative applications for monitoring safety compliance, and advancing future research in automation in construction.