cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of platinum single-twinned right bipyramid and {111}-bipyramid through targeted control over both nucleation and growth using specific peptides.

Shape-controlled synthesis requires rigorous kinetic control over both nucleation and growth. For platinum (Pt), to date it is still challenging to generate twinned seeds in nucleation in a controllable fashion. Here, we report that a specific Pt binding peptide BP7A is able to mediate and stabilize single-twinned seeds formation at the nucleation stage under mild conditions. Importantly, it targets the control over nucleation directly. Combining with control over growth, we further demonstrate the rational design and synthesis of single-twinned structures, right bipyramid and {111}-bipyramid, by incorporating targeted facet stabilization over {100} facet and {111} facet, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the successful synthesis of single-twinned bipyramids for Pt nanocrystals (NCs) with high yields. The work here demonstrates the power of biomolecules in recognizing and mediating inorganic nanomaterials synthesis, guiding the formation of material structures that ar...
Study on the Further Application of E-business in Zhejiang Pump Enterprises

It analyzes the application situations and necessities of e-business in Zhejiang pump enterprises based on market investigation, and proposes some suggestions for further application that is helpful for the development of e-business in Zhejiang pump enterprises.
Migrant Labour in the Gulf

This chapter explores how the Gulf States developed into the largest recipients of inward labour migration, primarily from the Global South, in the world. It examines how the rise of dual labour markets, split between public/private sectors and citizens/expatriates, is linked inextricably to the political economy of the redistributive welfare state models that developed with the oil era. This has created a segmented workforce with pronounced hierarchies among both the citizen population and the foreign communities that make up the contemporary demographic pyramid in the Gulf. Although the scale of the demographic imbalance varies considerably across the six Gulf States, with Oman and Saudi Arabia having the lowest proportion of non-nationals and Qatar and the UAE the highest, they share certain characteristics in common. These include the hard truth that many of the region’s ‘mega-projects’ and development plans would likely not have been possible without the ‘cheap and transitory labour power’ of migrant workers.1
Crystal structure of bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)-nitramine (BDNPN)

A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study substantiated that the target oxidizer molecule bis(2,2-dinitropropyl)-nitramine (BDNPN) had been synthesized. BDNPN crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2 with unit-cell dimensions a = 10.726(4) A, b = 5.922(3) A, c = 10.400(4) A, β = 110.01(3)°, with Z = 2 and a density of 1.72g/cm 3 . There are two molecules per unit cell which are approximately oriented along the c direction. The molecule contains two gem-dinitro groups and one planar nitramino group.
Wellness-Based Counseling for Caregivers of Persons with Dementia

The prevalence of dementia diagnoses has rapidly increased over the past several decades. Family caregivers of persons with dementia face numerous daily challenges that can negatively impact their well-being. The wellness of caregivers is affected by a range of emotional, social, existential, and self-care factors; hence a mental health counseling approach that addresses these elements is needed. The Indivisible Self (IS-WEL) model is an evidence-based framework for conceptualizing the wellness construct and includes multiple factors that are associated with caregiver well-being. Wellness counseling utilizing the IS-WEL model offers a structure for providing counseling services that support the whole caregiver by mobilizing strengths, improving coping, and enhancing overall well-being. A case vignette demonstrating the application of the IS-WEL model for treatment planning and wellness counseling with a caregiver is presented.
The Structure of Optimality in Dynamic Models

The adaptive theory of economic activities is of interest because of its ability to portray behavior realistically. In the recursive programming framework the assumption of utility maximization is maintained while perfect knowledge and perfect competition are replaced with learning mechanisms and inaccurate forecasts of technical feasibility. These considerations of “positive” economics generate a dynamical system whose properties may be investigated using simulation or mathematical analysis. One question of interest is whether recursively programmed time paths converge to those that would result from perfect knowledge-perfect rationality-perfect competition models. Convergence of these two trajectories would bestow upon the adaptive model asymptotically normative properties of its orthodox, rational counterpart. The examples portrayed in the previous chapters were shown to possess asymptotically stable attractors having the normative properties of dynamic or static optima. The planning procedure converges to an optimal dynamic program if certain conditions upon the parameters exist. The Edgeworth process approaches a static Pareto optimum when barter and price mechanisms behave properly. In both cases, a sequence of suboptimal actions, motivated by incomplete or erroneous perceptions of the environment, approach the solution of a static mathematical or dynamic programming problem based on the true values of the environmental parameters.
Hope for new communities as an alternative to sprawl?: Insights from developer perceptions of amenities in future new communities in the U.S. and U.K

New Communities are again being promoted as an alternative to sprawling urban growth. This paper uses the results of a unique survey of the real estate development communities in the U.S. and U.K. to examine the likelihood that future New Communities will provide the array of amenities necessary to create developments that provide a true alternative to sprawl. Based on an analysis of this data we conclude that while developers do envision New Communities as more amenity rich than much of the suburban master-planned communities of the last few decades, they are nonetheless still likely to produce developments that have an insufficient array of amenities to make future New Communities a strong alternative to sprawl.
Pair Bonding and Testosterone in Men: Longitudinal Evidence for Trait and Dynamic Associations

Testosterone (T) and pair bonding in men are linked such that lower T is associated with monoamorous partnering (i.e., with one person) and high T is associated with singlehood. However, it has remained unclear whether T levels predict partnering status or vice versa. Evidence suggests time course of T measurements in relation to partnering as well as nurturant and sexual experiences may affect whether T predicts partnering or vice versa and that transitions into or out of partnerhood may have unique associations with changes in T. We examined links between salivary T levels, relationship status, and relationship status transitions in 78-first year male college students over an approximately year-long period. Using longitudinal data, our findings largely support trait associations between T and relationship status in men, i.e., that T predicts relationship status. However, our data also provide novel evidence of dynamic associations and differences in T levels at different relationship status transitions.
Differential Modulation of Rhythmic Brain Activity in Healthy Adults by a T-Type Calcium Channel Blocker: An MEG Study.

1-octanol is a therapeutic candidate for disorders involving the abnormal activation of the T-type calcium current since it blocks this current specifically. Such disorders include essential tremor and a group of neurological and psychiatric disorders resulting from thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD). For example, clinically, the observable phenotype in essential tremor is the tremor itself. The differential diagnostic of TCD is not based only on clinical signs and symptoms. Rather, TCD incorporates an electromagnetic biomarker, the presence of abnormal thalamocortical low frequency brain oscillations. The effect of 1-octanol on brain activity has not been tested. As a preliminary step to such a TCD study, we examined the short-term effects of a single dose of 1-octanol on resting brain activity in 32 healthy adults using magnetoencephalograpy (MEG). Visual inspection of baseline power spectra revealed that the subjects fell into those with strong low frequency activity (set 2, n=11) and those without such activity, but dominated by an alpha peak (set 1, n=22). Cross-validated linear discriminant analysis, using mean spectral density (MSD) in nine frequency bands as predictors, found overall that 82.5% of the subjects were classified as determined by visual inspection. The effect of 1-octanol on the MSD in narrow frequency bands differed between the two subject groups. In set 1 subjects the MSD increased in the 4.5-6.5Hz and 6.5-8.5Hz bands. This was consistent with a widening of the alpha peak toward lower frequencies. In the set 2 subjects the MSD decrease in the 2.5-4.5Hz and 4.5-6.5Hz bands. This decreased power is consistent with the blocking effect of 1-octanol on T-type calcium channels. The subjects reported no adverse effects of the 1-octanol. Since stronger low frequency activity is characteristic of patients with TCD, 1-octanol and other T-type calcium channel blockers are good candidates for treatment of this group of disorders following a placebo-controlled study.
Semaglutide Reduces CV Events in High-Risk Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Semaglutide significantly reduced the composite outcome of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke (number needed to treat [NNT] = 43 over 2.1 years). It was generally well tolerated, and it reduced body weight by approximately 6.4 to 9.5 lb (2.9 to 4.3 kg).
Optimization of strategic planning processes for configurable products

Assortment planning aims to select the set of products that a retailer or manufacturer will offer to its customers to maximize profitability. While assortment planning research has been expanding in recent years, current models are inadequate for the needs of a configurable product manufacturer. In this paper, we develop models integrating assortment planning and supply chain management decisions for the strategic planning of a large automaker. Our model utilizes a multinomial logit choice model transformed into a mixed-integer linear program through the Charnes–Cooper transformation. It is able to scale to problems that contain thousands of configurations to possibly be offered, a necessity given the number of possible configurations an automaker can build. In addition, most research in assortment planning contains simplified costs associated with product complexity. We better account for design, integration, manufacturing, and supply chain complexities that stem from large product assortments. We believe that our model can significantly aid automotive manufacturers to balance their product complexity with supply chain complexity to improve profitability of vehicle programs. We also present results from a case study motivated by a large global automotive original equipment manufacturer.
Termination patterns of stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal patterns and spontaneous electrographic seizures

Abstract Objective To investigate the ability of the evolution and termination patterns to distinguish stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs) from spontaneous electrographic seizures, a challenge to the neurophysiologist and clinician. Methods We screened the prospectively collected database of patients undergoing continuous EEG (cEEG) and identified 25 cases of SIRPIDs. We compared patients with SIRPIDs to 25 patients with spontaneous seizures. Two experienced neurophysiologists graded the termination pattern of both on fast fourier transform (FFT) as “abrupt” or “sputtering.” Results The identification of a “sputtering” or cyclical tapering pattern accurately discriminated SIRPIDs from spontaneous seizures with 88% sensitivity and 87% specificity, yielding a positive predictive value of 82% for SIRPIDs when the pattern was present (negative predictive value 87% when the sputtering termination was not seen). Similarly, the identification of an “abrupt” termination pattern identified clinically determined seizures with 84% sensitivity and 88% specificity. Conclusions The termination pattern quickly and accurately distinguishes SIRPIDs from spontaneous seizures, suggesting that at least some SIRPIDs have an underlying mechanism distinct from that of spontaneous seizures. Significance If validated in other studies, the use of evolution and termination patterns to classify EEG patterns as epileptiform seizures versus SIRPIDs will help guide treatment of these patients.
Computing Simulation of Hypersonic Magneto-Fluid-Dynamics Interaction

Numerous ideas have been advocated for using electromagnetic force for high-speed flow control [1-4]. Unfortunately, the inefficient ionization process of flow medium becomes the major obstacle for applying electromagnetic force for flow control [5]. In an attempt to accentuate the magneto-fluid-dynamic (MFD) interaction, some of the research efforts apply an externally magnetic field to intensify the MFD interaction by invoking the Lorentz force in addition to Joule heating [1,2,3]. Surzhikov and Shang [6] have also shown that the Hall current exerts significant influence to the plasma generation via the electron collision process. All the aforementioned computing simulations are in a general agreement with experimental observations by Bityurin et al [4]. Therefore, the only viable plasma flow control mechanism may require the implementation of the plasma actuator as a small perturbation and amplifies by aerodynamic viscous-inviscid interaction [1,2].
Pelvic and Extremity Trauma

Pelvic and extremity trauma is the result of penetrating or blunt trauma alone or in combination which may result in hemorrhage or ischemia. Both scenarios can result in limb loss and potentially fatal outcomes. Initial resuscitative management of these patients is based on control of bleeding and restoration of flow to the distal extremity. Traditionally, this has been managed by surgical exploration. More recently, endovascular techniques have advanced to the point where these patients can be managed percutaneously. In the case of bleeding, transcatheter embolization is a safe and effective method for the control of ongoing hemorrhage in pelvic and extremity trauma. In the case of ischemia, injuries such as arterial dissections can be managed with percutaneous stent repair to restore flow to the distal aspect of the extremity.
Hidden carbon dioxide on Mars

A recent proposal that much of the outgassed CO2 on Mars is tied up in the planet's crust in the form of carbonate mineral is discussed. According to this hypothesis, carbonate formation on Mars continued after open bodies of liquid water became unstable. A consequence of the hypothesis is that, in the absence of a recycling mechanism for CO2, the surface pressure on Mars will monotonically decrease until it reaches the minimum atmospheric overburden pressure required for liquid water to form. The theory explains Mars' low surface pressure, and also implies that the climate of Mars has evolved linearly over geologic time, rather than cyclically.
Humoral Immune Response to Genital Human Papillomavirus Infections

It is generally accepted that infection with particular types of human papillomaviruses such as HPV 16 or HPV 18 is the most important event in the development of cervical. cancer and hence diagnosis of and interference with HPV infection is expected to be of relevance for cancer detection and control. Because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic genital. HPV infection, the daignostic value of HPV DNA detection in clinical. materials has still to be evaluated. Serology of HPV infections, on the other hand is so far only poorly developed becuase of the lack of suitable experimental. systems for virus replication and production of viral. proteins that can be used as antigens in serological. assays. This restriction is particularly important in case of the mucosotropic HPV types since also in clinical. lesions their replication is very low thus prepartion of viral. proteins in sufficient quantities has been impossible. With the advances of recombinant DNA technology the genomic clones of all different HPV types became available and expression of individual. genes can be achived in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems such as E.coli, yeast, Baculovirus and Vaccinia. A description of the vectors used and a critical. evaluation of the assays currently employed for the detection of HPV-specific antibodies are given elsewhere 1. The initial. information about the humoral. immune response against genital. papillomavrisues were obtained when fusion proteins expressed in E.coli were used in Western blot assays 2,3. Subsequently, in the majority of studies the ELISA technique was employed taking advantage either of synthetic peptide or, more recently of complete viral. proteins. Another approach to measure HPV-specific antibodies directed against conformational. epitopes was introduced by Muller et al4 who used viral. proteins which were produced by an in vitro transcription/translation system for radio-immunoprecipitation (RIPA).
Design of non-inferiority randomized trials using the difference in restricted mean survival times.

Background/aimsNon-inferiority trials with time-to-event outcomes are becoming increasingly common. Designing non-inferiority trials is challenging, in particular, they require very large sample si...
A NETWORK META-ANALYSIS COMPARING SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF VARIOUS DEVICES FOR PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH CRYPTOGENIC STROKE

Recent clinical trials and meta-analyses have concluded that in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cryptogenic stoke, device closure significantly decreases the risk of recurrent stoke and increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (Afib). However, it is unclear whether all devices are
A National Study of the Differential Impact of Novice Teacher Certification on Teacher Traits and Race-Based Mathematics Achievement:

In this study, differential prediction of student outcomes by race and teacher traits relative to the certification levels of novice teachers was assessed. Overall, algebra achievement was higher f...
Knowledge of Treatment to Reduce Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Transmission and Likelihood of Testing for HIV: Results from Two Surveys of Women of Childbearing Age

Objective: To determine whether knowledge of zidovudine treatment to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV increases the likelihood of HIV testing among women of childbearing age at increased risk for HIV infection. Method: Data from two samples were analyzed. The Young Women Survey was a population-based, door-to-door survey of 2,545 women aged 18 to 29 years who were living in lower-income neighborhoods. For the Perinatal Survey, women receiving prenatal care or who had delivered within the previous six months (N = 850) were recruited at randomly selected sites. Most (71.2%) of these participants were covered by public payment sources for their prenatal care. Data were collected within California counties with high rates of HIV among newborns, high rates of HIV among female clients of alternative test sites, and high rates of AIDS among female injection drug users. Most participants from both surveys were women of color. Results: Participants who knew about zidovudine therapy for HIV-positive pregnant women were more likely to have had an HIV test, regardless of race/ethnicity, age, education, or number of previous births. The majority of women (79.3%) from both samples stated that they were more likely to take a test for HIV knowing about zidovudine treatment. Conclusions: HIV educators should include information on zidovudine therapy in campaigns designed to promote HIV testing among women. Prenatal care providers should incorporate a brief discussion about the benefits of zidovudine treatment when providing HIV counseling to patients.
Inhibition of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by abiraterone: A rationale for increasing drug exposure in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

4645 Background: Treatment with abiraterone acetate (abi) increases the survival of men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Resistance to abi invariably occurs, probably due in part t...
Reading politics with Machiavelli

The debate among American intellectuals over whether history has ended has been replaced in the recent years by the debate on how much panic is appropriate, given the seemingly ever-deteriorating c...
Adapting Mindfulness to Engage Latinos and Improve Mental Health in Primary Care: a Pilot Study

Latinos comprise a sizeable and growing population that experiences unmet health needs and health inequities. Mindfulness-based interventions may be a cost-effective way to address mental health problems in primary care. We sought to adapt a mindfulness-based intervention to better serve and improve the mental health of Latinos in the primary care setting. The authors employed a unique set of adaptations to increase retention and engagement of Latinos in a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention. These adaptations included (1) group motivational interviewing, (2) problem-solving barriers to retention, (3) a testimonial by a prior Latino MBSR participant, and (4) modifications to increase perceived applicability of MBSR for Latinos. Thirty Latino participants were recruited for an 8-week mindfulness intervention adapted (MBSR-A) specifically for Latino populations. Twenty-six out of thirty (87%) participants completed at least five of the eight sessions, which was significantly greater than in previous studies targeting Latino participants (60–66%). Of those who completed and provided pre- and post-data, there were decreases in anxiety and depression, and increases in measures of general mental health and physical health. The adaptations utilized in this pilot study may increase retention and engagement of Latinos in mindfulness-based interventions and may be a cost-effective way to reduce mental health problems in this growing population.
Evaluating the Kisan Credit Card Scheme: Some Results for Bihar and India:

AbstractThe Kisan Credit Card (KCC) scheme was introduced in India in 1998–1999 and has since become a flagship programme providing access to short-term credit in the agricultural sector. According...
Task performance in a head-mounted display: The impacts of varying latency

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine how latency in a head-mounted display (HMD) affects human performance. Virtual environments (VEs) are used frequently for training. However, VEs can cause simulator sickness. Prior work in our laboratory has examined the role of varying latency in simulator sickness. However, the effect of varying latency on task performance has not been examined. Subjects participated in a repeated measures study where they were exposed to two different latency conditions in an HMD: constant (70 ms) and varying (70–270 ms). During each HMD exposure, subjects used a laser pointer to repeatedly “shoot” at laser targets while accuracy and time-to-hit were recorded. Subjects scored fewer hits and took longer to hit targets in the varying latency condition. These findings indicate that individuals exposed to varying latency perform worse than individuals exposed to a lower constant latency.
Delayed access to feed alters gene expression associated with hormonal signaling, cellular differentiation, and protein metabolism in muscle of newly hatch chicks.

Abstract Birds rely solely on utilization of the yolk sac as a means of nutritional support throughout embryogenesis and early post-hatch, before first feeding occurs. Newly hatched broiler (meat-type) chickens are frequently not given immediate access to feed, and this can result in numerous alterations to developmental processes, including those that occur in muscle. The objective of this study was to characterize the gene expression profile of newly hatched chicks’ breast muscle with regards to hormonal regulation of growth and metabolism and development and differentiation of muscle tissue, and determine impacts of delayed access to feed on these profiles. Within 3 h of hatch, birds were placed in battery pens and given immediate access to feed (Fed) or delayed access to feed for 48 h (Delayed Fed). Breast muscle collected from male birds at hatch, or 4 h, 1 day (D), 2D, 4D, and 8D after hatch was used for analysis of mRNA expression by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Under fully fed conditions, insulin-like growth factor receptor and leptin receptor mRNA expression decreased as birds aged; however, delayed access to feed resulted in prolonged upregulation of these genes so their mRNA levels were higher in Delayed Fed birds at 2D. These expression profiles suggest that delayed feed access alters sensitivity to hormones that may regulate muscle development. Myogenin, a muscle differentiation factor, showed increasing mRNA expression in Fed birds through 2D, after which expression decreased. A similar expression pattern in Delayed Fed birds was deferred until 4D. Levels of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, increased in Fed birds starting at 2D, while levels in Delayed Fed birds began to increase at 4D. In Fed birds, levels of transcripts for two genes associated with protein catabolism, F-box protein 32 and forkhead box O3, were lower at 2D, while Delayed Fed mRNA levels did not decrease until 4D. Mechanistic target of rapamycin mRNA levels decreased from 1D through 8D in both treatments, except for a transient increase in the Delayed Fed birds between 1D and 2D. These data suggest that within breast muscle, delayed feeding alters hormonal signaling, interrupts tissue differentiation, postpones onset of growth, and may lead to increased protein catabolism. Together, these processes could ultimately contribute to a reduction in proper growth and development of birds not given feed immediately after hatch, and ultimately hinder the long-term potential of muscle accretion in meat type birds.
Racialized Experiences Off and On Campus: Contextualizing Latina/o Students’ Perceptions of Climate at an Emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI):

This study examines Latina/o student perceptions of the campus climate at an emerging Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) with attention to how external factors (sociohistorical and local contexts) ...
Interaction between Alcohol Consumption and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Genotype with Cognition in Middle-Aged Men.

Objective: Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with poorer cognitive function in older adults. Although understudied in middle-aged adults, the relationship between alcohol and cognition may also be influenced by genetics such as the apolipoprotein (ApoE) e4 allele, a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. We examined the relationship between alcohol consumption, ApoE genotype, and cognition in middle-aged adults and hypothesized that light and/or moderate drinkers (≤2 drinks per day) would show better cognitive performance than heavy drinkers or non-drinkers. Additionally, we hypothesized that the association between alcohol use and cognitive function would differ by ApoE genotype (e4+ vs. e4−). Method: Participants were 1266 men from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA; M age = 56; range 51–60) who completed a neuropsychological battery assessing seven cognitive abilities: general cognitive ability (GCA), episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, abstract reasoning, verbal fluency, and visuospatial ability. Alcohol consumption was categorized into five groups: never, former, light, moderate, and heavy. Results: In fully adjusted models, there was no significant main effect of alcohol consumption on cognitive functions. However, there was a significant interaction between alcohol consumption and ApoE e4 status for GCA and episodic memory, such that the relationship of alcohol consumption and cognition was stronger in e4 carriers. The e4+ heavy drinking subgroup had the poorest GCA and episodic memory. Conclusions: Presence of the e4 allele may increase vulnerability to the deleterious effects of heavy alcohol consumption. Beneficial effects of light or moderate alcohol consumption were not observed.
‘A rich white kid sport?’ Hometown socioeconomic, racial, and geographic composition among U.S. women’s professional soccer players

This analysis merges data on women listed on National Women’s Soccer League (NWSL) season rosters between 2013 and 2018 with 2000 U.S. Census data to examine socioeconomic, racial, and geographic i...
Microwave-photonic optical fiber interferometers for refractive index sensing with high sensitivity and a tunable dynamic range.

We propose and demonstrate an extremely simple yet novel sensing strategy for measurements of a refractive index (RI) based on microwave-photonic optical fiber interferometry. A hybrid interferometric system based on an incoherent optical interferometer (i.e., a Michelson interferometer [MI]) and a coherent optical interferometer (i.e., a Fabry–Perot interferometer [FPI]) is constructed simply by using a low-cost off-the-shelf fiber coupler. The sensing arm of the MI is highly sensitive to a surrounding RI based on Fresnel reflection, where variations of the ambient RI cause changes in both the reflection magnitudes of the resonance frequencies and fringe visibility of the reflection spectra in the microwave domain. The coherent FPI is employed to tune the dynamic range of the MI by adjusting the effective reflectance of the reference arm of the MI. Essentially, other approaches that can vary the reflectance of the reference arm of the MI can also be used to tune the dynamic range of the system based on the proposed strategy. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The prominent advantages of the sensor, including low cost, ease of fabrication, robustness, compactness, high sensitivity, and tunable dynamic range, make it a strong candidate in various chemical, biological, and environmental applications.
The ACT Procedure: Autograft Cartilage Transfer Using an Autologous Tissue Collector

This chapter focuses on the use of autograft cartilage and biologics in cartilage restoration. An osteochondral defect in a young active patient remains a difficult issue to treat. Autograft cartilage has tremendous advantages for the treatment of full-thickness defects, but harvesting and preparation have been difficult in the past. Disadvantages have included donor-site morbidity and the need for further surgery. With recent development in technology, harvesting and delivery of autograft cartilage have become easier and performed arthroscopically in a single surgical procedure. Bone marrow concentrate has recently increased in popularity owing to the presence of mesenchymal stem cells. These stem cells combined with autograft cartilage and BioCartilage (Arthrex) could lead to better incorporation and healing. This chapter demonstrates how this unique biological composite is obtained and then added in the cartilage defect during a single-stage arthroscopic procedure.
Hypertension in Women Across the Lifespan

We will highlight the biological processes across a women’s lifespan from young adulthood through menopause and beyond that impact blood pressure and summarize women’s representation in hypertension clinical trials. Throughout their lifetime, women potentially undergo several unique sex-specific changes that may impact their risk of developing hypertension. Blood pressure diagnostic criteria for pregnant women remains 140/90 mmHg and has not been updated for concordance with the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline due to a lack of data. Although on a population level, women develop hypertension at later ages than men, new data shows women’s BP starts to increase as early as the third decade. Understanding how age and sex both contribute to hypertension in elderly women is crucial to identify optimal blood pressure and treatment targets. Effective screening, monitoring, and treatment of hypertension throughout a women’s lifespan are necessary to reduce CVD risk. We highlight several gaps in the literature pertaining to understanding sex-specific hypertension mechanisms.
Black Hand [黑手]/ Red List [红名单]: China, Law and the Foreigner; Mutual Engagements on a Global Scale

This essay considers the cultural and discursive tropes, their political and social effects, that have marked the way in which comprehensible mutual engagement between China and foreigner have been constructed. These forms of engagement with the “foreign” has ancient discursive roots in China. It suggests the character of the mutual engagement between China and foreigners (especially foreigners viewed as representatives of equal or dangerous powers) as a form of cultural discourse that reflects an oscillation between caution and utility for which a set of definitive cultural tropes of the foreigner have been constructed with the participation of those foreigners who have embraced or at least utilized these discursive tropes. After an Introduction, Part 2 examines the model through the lens of a 1911 essay authored by Edward Capen, an American protestant missionary. Capen’s report suggests the seven archetypes of the foreigner around which engagement is constructed: (1) the missionary; (2) the expert; (3) the sycophant; (4) the colonizer; (5) the expatriate; (6) the entrepreneur; and (7) the company person (or salaryman). Part 3 then suggests internal and external lessons that might be drawn. Internal lessons are first centered on the challenges for those designated to receive and transpose such knowledge — Chinese scholars who serve as the internal intermediaries for foreign knowledge. The second relates to the mechanics for managing acceptable and dangerous knowledge for intermediaries and for the masses. The external lessons will be more difficult — these center on the consequences of replication of the patterns of Chinese engagement with foreigners when China itself becomes the foreigner. The dangers of the inverse replication of these archetypes is already lurking in China’s Belt and Road Initiative relations. But one might acquire a more definitive sense of those challenges in the Chinese “Black Hand” campaign in Hong Kong in 2019.
Time and ecology in African cinema: Pumzi and Felix in Exile

This article examines how time and space-time relate to eco-critical films and their charge of intervening in issues dealing with environmentalism. From the earliest films the question of capturing the truth gave impetus to the desire to represent reality accurately, including its social and political ‘truths’. Increasing concerns over the environment have come to mean that filmmakers have also felt the necessity to present eco-critical dramas.The drama has been how to create environmentally significant films without condescending to the viewers.
Limited evidence that larger acorns buffer Quercus rubra seedlings from density-dependent biotic stressors

PREMISE Plant performance and functional traits vary considerably within species, particularly in response to environmental variation. Plant responses may reflect life-history trade-offs, such as between resource acquisition and resource conservation. Larger seeds may buffer young plants from the negative effects of environmental variation, such as limitations in nutrients or water. However, whether seed size plays a similar role in how plants respond to variation in their biotic environment, including competition and soil microbial communities, remains poorly understood. METHODS We used a greenhouse experiment to test the interactive effects of intraspecific competition, the origin of the soil microbial community, and seed size on performance and functional traits in Quercus rubra L. seedlings. RESULTS Intraspecific variation in seedling traits weakly aligned with a resource acquisition-conservation trade-off. Across the wide range of initial acorn mass, competition decreased seedling biomass by about 35%. Competition directly decreased the root mass ratio and indirectly increased specific leaf area and specific root length, via the negative effects on total biomass. In contrast, soil microbial communities had minor effects on seedlings, and we found no differences between plants receiving soil originating from a conspecific adult and plants receiving soil originating from a heterospecific adult. CONCLUSIONS Competition is a more important driver of intraspecific variation in young Quercus rubra seedling performance and traits, both directly and by delaying ontogenetic development, than soil microbial communities. Seed size is an important predictor of seedling biomass, but a larger seed does not necessarily buffer seedlings from the effects of competition.
Ibrutinib With Rituximab in First-Line Treatment of Older Patients With Mantle Cell Lymphoma

PURPOSEMost patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are older. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of a chemotherapy-free combination with ibrutinib and rituximab (IR) in previo...
Determination of Secondary and Tertiary Structures of Proteins in Solution by Two-Dimensional NMR

Althoughlthe possibility of determining protein structure by H NMR spectroscopy had been recognized for years, the method has only recently begun to produce new structures. The major limitations have been the lack of spectral resolution due to the large number of protons in a protein and the difficulty in assigning resonances to particular protons in the molecule. Both of these problems have been alleviated by the application of two-dimensional NMR (2DNMR) techniques to proteins in solution. In this paper, the pathway from primary structure to secondary structure and then to tertiary structure taken by 2DNMR studies will be described, using the phosphocarrier protein, HPr, as the main example.
The Screening and Quantitation of Diazepam, Flurazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, and Their Metabolites in Blood and Plasma by Electron-Capture Gas Chromatography and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

The number and frequency of requests made to toxicologists to analyze blood or plasma samples for benzodiazepines are increasing dramatically, but until recently specific and sensitive procedures were unavailable to meet the demand. Gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection has become the analytical method of choice for these drugs because it meets the necessary sensitivity requirements. Prior to the development of this method the available analytical procedures depended on acid hydrolysis of the benzodiazepines to their corresponding benzophenones [1] followed by gas-liquid or thin-layer chromatography. Unfortunately, hydrolysis of several of the benzodiazepines results in the formation of the same benzophenone [2,3] so that the individual parent drugs cannot be readily identified.
Risk Factors for Infection Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Series of 3836 Cases from One Institution

Higher PJI rates may be related to identifiable risk factors, which may or may not be modifiable. Identifying risk factors preoperatively provides opportunities for modification and potentially decreasing the incidence of PJI. The purposes of this study were to: (1) retrospectively identify and quantify risk factors for PJI following primary TKA, and (2) to classify those significant risk factors as either non-modifiable or modifiable for intervention prior to surgery. Optimization of modifiable risk factors such as Staphylococcus aureus colonization, and tobacco use prior to primary TKA may decrease the incidence of periprosthetic joint infection after primary TKA, thereby reducing morbidity and the costs associated with treating those infections.
A Review of Digging Up Bones

The introduction to the second edition (1972) of Digging Up Bones stated that “Bones are commonly an embarrassment to archaeologists” Digging Up Bones was written to alleviate the embarrassment or problem caused by bones when found by the archaeologist. It is written for a nonspecialist in the analysis of human skeletal material. Moreover, it seems to have been written primarily for the archaeologist working at sites in Britain. It was intended to give a” basic knowledge of the human skeleton “which” is quite within the reach of those without anatomical training, whether adult archaeologists or schoolboy amateur.” The author has always achieved this stated objective admirably.
Therapy and histopathology of complications from synthetic fiber implants for hair replacement: A presentation of one hundred cases

One hundred cases of postoperative complications due to inserting synthetic wig fibers into the scalps of patients seeking to remedy their patterned alopecia were studied. Modes of therapy to remedy these problems were evaluated. The best results were obtained by removing the offending material. Histopathology of the lesions is discussed. The severity of the complications of synthetic hair implants to remedy baldness makes the implantation of fibers into the scalp a dangerous, futile, and expensive approach, which should be abandoned immediately. Cosmetic reconstruction should be deferred at least 3 to 6 months after the last fiber is removed.
Analysis of Cellular DNA Content by Flow Cytometry

Cellular DNA content can be measured by flow cytometry with the aim of : (1) revealing cell distribution within the major phases of the cell cycle, (2) estimating frequency of apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content, and/or (3) disclosing DNA ploidy of the measured cell population. In this unit, simple and universally applicable methods for staining fixed cells are presented, as are methods that utilize detergents and/or proteolytic treatment to permeabilize cells and make DNA accessible to fluorochrome. Additionally, supravital cell staining with Hoechst 33342, which is primarily used for sorting live cells based on DNA-content differences for their subsequent culturing, is described. Also presented are methods for staining cell nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tissues. Available algorithms are listed for deconvolution of DNA-content-frequency histograms to estimate percentage of cells in major phases of the cell cycle and frequency of apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vector quantization with adaptive sampling (VQAS)

A vector quantization (VQ) scheme combining conventional VQ and adaptive resampling is proposed. The sampling frequency is relaxed in the uniform area of the picture to provide a high degree of compression, while it is increased in the highly detailed regions of the picture so smaller blocks can be used to help reduce the annoying blocking effects which are noticeable around sharp edges. Several methods for encoding the nonuniform sampling lattice are reviewed. >
Matrix scaling for large-scale system decomposition

Many large-scale systems exhibit the structure of weakly connected components. In such cases, proper identification of weakly coupled subsystems will add insight into large-scale system behavior, and aid in related tasks such as the design of decentralized control. /spl epsiv/-decomposition is a well-known efficient graph theoretic algorithm for achieving a complete set of nested decompositions of a large-scale system. This paper shows how system matrix scaling can affect these decompositions, and determines that a system is properly scaled for /spl epsiv/-decomposition when it is max-balanced, a property associated with weighted directed graphs. Also, it is shown that an existing algorithm for max-balancing can be altered slightly to return the complete set of /spl epsiv/-decompositions, thus removing the need for two separate algorithms. Finally, the advantages of max-balancing before decomposition are shown explicitly for large-scale system stability tests and parallel solution of nonlinear equations.
Misdiagnosis, Learning, and the Adoption of New Malaria Therapy in Tanzania

We examine the role of social learning in the adoption of a new and effective therapy for malaria. In our model, individuals learn about the effectiveness of the new therapy by observing the health outcomes of past adopters. We show that misdiagnosis of malaria -- which is common in resource-poor settings -- can slow the learning process and stifle adoption. Using data from a pilot program which distributed the new therapy through health facilities in Tanzania, we estimate a learning effect and test for the role of misdiagnosis in learning and adoption. Our empirical strategy accounts for various potential sources of bias, including persistence in the local disease environment and selection into adoption based on the severity of illness. We find that when past adopters have poor health outcomes, the subsequent probability of adoption decreases. This learning effect is smaller in villages where misdiagnosis is more prevalent, and adoption rates in these places are lower over time. Finally, we simulate pairing the introduction of the new therapy with a new diagnostic test for malaria. The results of the simulation show that when misdiagnosis is reduced, learning occurs more quickly and adoption rates are higher.
Molecular cloning, functional properties, and distribution of rat brain alpha 7: a nicotinic cation channel highly permeable to calcium

A full-length clone coding for the rat alpha 7 nicotinic receptor subunit was isolated from an adult brain cDNA library and expressed in Xenopus oocytes. A significant proportion of the current through alpha 7-channels is carried by Ca2+. This Ca2+ influx then activates a Ca(2+)- dependent Cl- conductance, which is blocked by the chloride channel blockers niflumic and fluflenamic acid. Increasing the external NaCl concentration caused the reversal potentials for the alpha 7-channels and the Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- channels to be shifted in opposite directions. Under these conditions, agonist application activates a biphasic current with an initial inward current through alpha 7- channels followed by a niflumic acid- and fluflenamic acid-blockable outward current through Ca(2+)-dependent Cl- channels. A relative measure of the Ca2+ permeability was made by measuring the shift in the reversal potential caused by adding 10 mM Ca2+ to the external solution. Measurements made in the absence of Cl-, to avoid artifactual current through Ca(2+)-activated Cl- channels, indicate that alpha 7- homooligomeric channels have a greater relative Ca2+ permeability than the other nicotinic ACh receptors. Furthermore, alpha 7-channels have an even greater relative Ca2+ permeability than the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors. High levels of alpha 7-transcripts were localized by in situ hybridization in the olfactory areas, the hippocampus, the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and the cerebral cortex. These results imply that alpha 7-containing receptors may play a role in activating calcium-dependent mechanisms in specific neuronal populations of the adult rat limbic system.