cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards Dynamic Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cluster Using Mobile Agent

Dynamic load balancing (DLB) plays a critical role in developing high performance cluster. It is an important system function to distribute workload among available processors to improve throughput. Existing load balancing techniques are mainly concerned about the use of two main resources namely CPU and Memory. But there are certain I/O data Intensive applications where load balancing becomes important issue. Due to the ignorance of I/O resources, the previous CPU or memory based load balancing techniques suffer a major performance drop. Hence in this paper we propose Mobile Agent Based Load Balancing (MALB) algorithm for these types of applications. In order to distribute the incoming load on participating nodes, we use mobile agent (MA). A value function which is sum of all three types of resources including CPU, Memory and I/O is considered. The MA choose this value function as a trademark for load transfer. Different metrics are used to compare load balancing mechanism with the existing technology. The experiment is carried out on cluster of PC's divided into multiple LAN's using PMADE (Platform for Mobile agent distribution and execution).
Discrimination between intensity and affective pain descriptors: a psychophysiological evaluation.

The current study utilized a differential classical conditioning paradigm to test subjects' abilities to autonomically differentiate between pain descriptors that had previously been designated as belonging to the intensity or affective dimensions of pain perception. Twenty-one subjects were first tested for differences in spontaneous skin conductance responses (SCRs) and possible habituation to visual presentations of 23 intensity or affective pain descriptors. The classical conditioning procedure consisted of 46 12-sec visual trials. Each of the 23 pain descriptors was presented twice to each subject. Results indicated no differences in spontaneous SCR to intensity or affective descriptors and a clear habituation of response across trials. Results also indicated that the utilization of a differential classical conditioning paradigm produced an overall difference in SCR to the two sets of pain descriptors. The intensity-conditioned subjects demonstrated greater SC responsivity (P < 0.0004) to intensity-related descriptors than to affective descriptors, and affective-conditioned subjects displayed greater skin conductance responsivity (P < 0.0004) to affective pain descriptors than to pain intensity descriptors. These results provide psychophysiological support for a multidimensional conceptualization of pain and suggest the utility of classically conditioned autonomie responses in the further development and refinement of verbal pain descriptor scales.
Identification of a Membrane Targeting and Degradation Signal in the p42 Protein of Influenza C Virus

Two mRNA species are derived from the influenza C virus RNA segment six, (i) a colinear transcript containing a 374-amino-acid residue open reading frame (referred to herein as the seg 6 ORF) which is translated to yield the p42 protein, and (ii) a spliced mRNA which encodes the influenza C virus matrix (CM1) protein consisting of the first 242 amino acids of p42. The p42 protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage at a consensus signal peptidase cleavage site after residue 259, yielding the p31 and CM2 proteins. Translocation of p42 into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane occurs cotranslationally and requires the hydrophobic internal signal peptide (residues 239 to 259), as well as the predicted transmembrane domain of CM2 (residues 285 to 308). The p31 protein was found to undergo rapid degradation after cleavage from p42. Addition of the 26S proteasome inhibitor lactacystin to influenza C virus-infected or seg 6 ORF cDNA-transfected cells drastically reduced p31 degradation. Transfer of the 17-residue C-terminal region of p31 to heterologous proteins resulted in their rapid turnover. The hydrophobic nature, but not the specific amino acid sequence of the 17-amino-acid C terminus of p31 appears to act as the signal for targeting the protein to membranes and for degradation.
Lignin-Furfural Based Adhesives

Lignin recovered from the hot-water extract of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is used in this study to synthesize adhesive blends to replace phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. Untreated lignin is characterized by lignin content and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The molecular weight distribution of the lignin and the blends are characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The effect of pH (0.3, 0.65 and 1), ex situ furfural, and curing conditions on the tensile properties of adhesive reinforced glass fibers is determined and compared to the reinforcement level of commercially available PF resin. The adhesive blend prepared at pH = 0.65 with no added furfural exhibits the highest tensile properties and meets 90% of the PF tensile strength.
Construction of a model formulation consultant: the AEROBA experience

Typically, most of the current decision support systems (DSSs) do not possess a module to help users formulate mathematical programming models. This observation has led researchers to offer different approaches to the design of formulation consultants. Generally, these approaches emphasize the automation of formulation tasks with a predetermined (static) control or guidance strategy. A new approach to constructing a formulation consultant that emphasizes dynamic formulation control, opportunistic control, is offered. A system, AEROBA, has been developed using a blackboard architecture to provide support to the formulation process. Several of the issues raised regarding model formulation, opportunistic control, and blackboard systems are addressed using the AEROBA implementation. The contributions of this research are: (1) understanding the process of model formulation; (2) addressing the concerns of model formulation in attempting to automate the process; and (3) using the blackboard paradigm to deal with the unique characteristics of the model formulation process. >
A TOPOLOGICAL ANALOG TO THE RICE-SHAPIRO INDEX THEOREM

Ever since Craig-Beth and Addison-Kleene proved their versions of the Lusin-Suslin theorem, work in model theory and recursion theory has demonstrated the value of classical descriptive set theory as a source of ideas and inspirations. During the sixties in particular, J.W. Addison refined the technique of "conjecture by analogy" and used it to generate a substantial number of results in both model theory and recursion theory (see, e.g., Addison [1], [2], [3]). During the past 15 years, techniques and results from recursion theory and model theory have played an important role in the development of descriptive set theory. (Moschovakis's book [6] is an excellent reference, particularly for the use of recursion-theoretic tools:,) The use of "conjecture by analogy" as a means of transferring ideas from model theory and recursion theory to descriptive set theory has developed more slowly. Some notable recent examples of this phenomenon are in Vaught [9], where some results in invariant descriptive set theory reflecting and extending model-theoretic results are obtained and others are left as conjectures (including a version of the well-known conjecture on the number of countable models) and in Hrbacek and Simpson [4], where a notion analogous to that of Turing reducibility is used to study Borel isomorphism types. Moschovakis [6] describes in detail an effective descriptive set theory based in large part on classical recursion theory. However, in its concern for effectiveness, this work represents an extension of, rather than a part of, classical descriptive set theory. (The work of Hrbacek and Simpson also relies heavily on notions of effectiveness and thus may be regarded as essentially "unclassical".) The present paper initiates the study of an analog to the theory of index sets for recursively enumerable sets in the context of sets of indices for open sets. In ?0, we describe the context in more detail. In ?1, we establish classical analogs for the Rice and Rice-Shapiro theorems, providing normal forms for both clopen and open index sets. This discussion involves no notions of effectiveness and uses no techniques that are less than 50 years old. In ?2 we show that the same arguments can be used to provide an effective version of the same results based on Moschovakis's discussion [6] of semirecursive open sets in effectively presented Polish spaces. The problems of providing normal forms for Borel index sets of greater complexity and of classifying some natural index sets will be treated in [5].
Unnecessary arrhythmia monitoring and underutilization of ischemia and QT interval monitoring in current clinical practice: baseline results of the Practical Use of the Latest Standards for Electrocardiography trial.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the appropriate use of arrhythmia, ischemia, and QTc interval monitoring in the acute care setting. Methods We analyzed baseline data of the Practical Use of the Latest Standards for Electrocardiography (PULSE) trial, a multisite randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of implementing electrocardiographic monitoring practice standards. Research nurses reviewed medical records for indications for monitoring and observed if arrhythmia, ischemia, and QT interval monitoring was being done on 1816 patients in 17 hospitals. Results Almost all (99%) patients with an indication for arrhythmia monitoring were being monitored, but 85% of patients with no indication were monitored. Of patients with an indication for ischemia monitoring, 35% were being monitored; but 26% with no indication were being monitored for ST-segment changes. Only 21% of patients with an indication for QT interval monitoring had a QTc documented, but 18% of patients with no indication had a QTc documented. Conclusion Our data show evidence of inappropriate monitoring: undermonitoring for ischemia and QTc prolongation and overmonitoring for all 3 types of monitoring, especially arrhythmia monitoring.
Materialism: Replies to Comments from Readers

The canonical developmental trajectory (CDT), as represented in this paper is both conservative and emergentist. Emerging modes of existence, as new informational constraints, require the material continuation of prior modes upon which they are launched. Informational constraints are material configurations. The paper is not meant to be a direct critique of existing views within science, but an oblique one presented as an alternative, developmental model.
OXIDATION BEHAVIOR OF PLATINUM-ALUMINUM ALLOYS AND THE EFFECT OF ZR DOPING

The isothermal and cyclic oxidation behavior of PtAl and PtAl + Zr was studied followed by postoxidation microstructural and microchemical analyses. Their isothermal oxidation performance at 1200 °C was similar to that of NiAl and NiAl + Zr. In short (1-h) cycles, the cyclic oxidation resistance of undoped PtAl was found to be substantially better than NiAl. However, with longer (100-h) cycles, little improvement in the metal consumption rate was observed relative to NiAl. The addition of Zr to PtAl significantly improved cyclic oxidation performance in both short- and long-cycle tests. Spatially resolved energy dispersive spectroscopy indicated Zr segregation to both the metal–oxide interface and Al2O3 grain boundaries.
A miniature conformal spiral antenna using inductive and dielectric loading

In this paper we introduce a new concept for a miniature conformal antenna combines inductive and dielectric material loading for size reduction.
Natural HPC substrate: Exploitation of mixed multicore CPU and GPUs

Recent GPU developments have attracted much interest in the HPC community. Since each GPU interface requires a dedicated host processor, the unused high performance non-GPU processors are simply wasted. GPUs are energy intensive and are more likely to fail than CPUs, we are interested in using all processors to a) boosting application performance, and b) defending GPU failures. This paper reports parallel computation experiments using a natural semantic multiplexing substrate; we call Deeply Decoupled Parallel Processing (D2P2). The idea is to apply statistic multiplexing on application's semantic network with application-defined data tuples. Tuple space parallel processing is a natural choice for applying statistic multiplexing on application semantic networks. We report up to 53% performance gain for CPU:GPU capability ratio of 1:5. For faster GPUs, CPUs are better used to prevent application halt when GPU fails. The D2P2 substrate allows fault tolerant parallel processing using heterogeneous processors.
Mercury and freon: temperature emulation and management for server systems

Power densities have been increasing rapidly at all levels of server systems. To counter the high temperatures resulting from these densities, systems researchers have recently started work on softwarebased thermal management. Unfortunately, research in this new area has been hindered by the limitations imposed by simulators and real measurements. In this paper, we introduce Mercury, a software suite that avoids these limitations by accurately emulating temperatures based on simple layout, hardware, and componentutilization data. Most importantly, Mercury runs the entire software stack natively, enables repeatable experiments, and allows the study of thermal emergencies without harming hardware reliability. We validate Mercury using real measurements and a widely used commercial simulator. We use Mercury to develop Freon, a system that manages thermal emergencies in a server cluster without unnecessary performance degradation. Mercury will soon become available from http://www.darklab.rutgers.edu.
Can ultrasensitive AMH assays detect ovarian function in older reproductive-aged women with breast cancer?

• Ultrasensitive and picoAMH assays provide detection of AMH at very low levels. • PicoAMH is significantly more likely to detect AMH (both preand post-chemotherapy) in breast cancer survivors than Ultrasensitive and AMH Gen II assays. • Post-chemotherapy AMH may indicate residual ovarian function even in the absence of menses. • HD058799, MRSG-08-110-01-cce (1) Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Southern California (2) Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania (3) Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of California , San Diego
Notch gain of function inhibits chondrocyte differentiation via Rbpj-dependent suppression of Sox9

Notch signaling plays a critical role during development by directing the binary cell fate decision between progenitors and differentiated cells. Previous studies have shown sustained Notch activation in cartilage leads to chondrodysplasia. Genetic evidence indicates that Notch regulates limb bud mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into chondrocytes via an Rbpj-dependent Notch pathway. However, it is still unknown how Notch governs chondrogenesis in the axial skeleton where Notch serves a primary patterning function. We hypothesized that both Rbpj-dependent and Rbpj-independent Notch signaling mechanisms might be involved. Cartilage-specific Notch gain-of-function (GOF) mutant mice display chondrodysplasia accompanied by loss of Sox9 expression in vertebrae. To evaluate the contribution of an Rbpj-dependent Notch signaling to this phenotype, we deleted Rbpj on the Notch GOF background. These mice showed persistent spine abnormalities characterized by "butterfly" vertebrae suggesting that removal of Rbpj does not fully rescue the axial skeleton deformities caused by Notch GOF. However, Sox9 protein level was restored in Rbpj-deficient Notch GOF mice compared with Notch GOF mutants, demonstrating that regulation of Sox9 expression is canonical or Rbpj-dependent. To further understand the molecular basis of this regulation, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and detected the recruitment of the Rbpj/NICD transcription complex to Rbpj-binding sites upstream of the Sox9 promoter. The association of the Rbpj/NICD complex with the Sox9 promoter is associated with transcriptional repression of Sox9 in a cellular model of chondrocyte differentiation. Hence, Notch negatively regulates chondrocyte differentiation in the axial skeleton by suppressing Sox9 transcription, and Rbpj-independent Notch signaling mechanisms may also contribute to axial skeletogenesis.
From human factors to human actors to human crafters

Meta-design theory emphasizes that future use can never be entirely anticipated at design time, as users shape their environments in response to emerging needs; systems should therefore be designed to adapt to future conditions in the hands of end users. For most of human history, all design was meta-design; designers were also users, and the environments of design and use were one and the same. Technology introduced a divide between the skilled producers and unskilled consumers of technology, and between design time and use time. In our increasingly complex technological environments, tomorrow's meta-designers must be able to anticipate the environment in which the end users will work in order to provide the flexibility for users to craft their tools. By exploring and projecting forward current trends in technology use, we have identified key principles for meta-designers and suggest that using them as design heuristics will aid meta-designers in crafting systems for future end-users.
Structure and reaction mechanism of basil eugenol synthase

Phenylpropenes, a large group of plant volatile compounds that serve in multiple roles in defense and pollinator attraction, contain a propenyl side chain. Eugenol synthase (EGS) catalyzes the reductive displacement of acetate from the propenyl side chain of the substrate coniferyl acetate to produce the allyl-phenylpropene eugenol. We report here the structure determination of EGS from basil (Ocimum basilicum) by protein x-ray crystallography. EGS is structurally related to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDRs), and in particular, enzymes in the isoflavone-reductase-like subfamily. The structure of a ternary complex of EGS bound to the cofactor NADP(H) and a mixed competitive inhibitor EMDF ((7S,8S)-ethyl (7,8-methylene)-dihydroferulate) provides a detailed view of the binding interactions within the EGS active site and a starting point for mutagenic examination of the unusual reductive mechanism of EGS. The key interactions between EMDF and the EGS-holoenzyme include stacking of the phenyl ring of EMDF against the cofactor's nicotinamide ring and a water-mediated hydrogen-bonding interaction between the EMDF 4-hydroxy group and the side-chain amino moiety of a conserved lysine residue, Lys132. The C4 carbon of nicotinamide resides immediately adjacent to the site of hydride addition, the C7 carbon of cinnamyl acetate substrates. The inhibitor-bound EGS structure suggests a two-step reaction mechanism involving the formation of a quinone-methide prior to reduction. The formation of this intermediate is promoted by a hydrogen-bonding network that favors deprotonation of the substrate's 4-hydroxyl group and disfavors binding of the acetate moiety, akin to a push-pull catalytic mechanism. Notably, the catalytic involvement in EGS of the conserved Lys132 in preparing the phenolic substrate for quinone methide formation through the proton-relay network appears to be an adaptation of the analogous role in hydrogen bonding played by the equivalent lysine residue in other enzymes of the SDR family.
Interaction of the Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic, Ofloxacin, with Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Water: Adsorption and Breakdown

The mobility and fate of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in natural waters, soil-water systems and wastewater are controlled in part by surface interactions with nanometer (10⁻⁹ m) metal oxide particles. Experiments were performed by mixing solutions of ofloxacin (OFL), a common, fluoroquinolone-class human and veterinary antibiotic, with 25 nm-TiO₂ (anatase) nanoparticles at different pH conditions. Both sorption and degradation of OFL were observed in the drug-nanoparticle solutions with initial OFL concentrations of ~3 to 690 μM. Though overall isotherm behavior is logarithmic, OFL removal from the solution can be approximated by linear removal coefficients (K(r)). At pH 4, K(r)=42±8 L kg⁻¹, at pH 6 K(r)=1288±217 L kg⁻¹, and at pH 9 K(r)=26±7 L kg⁻¹. Rinsing of substrates at pH 4 resulted in desorption of approximately 11% of the original OFL removed from the solution by TiO₂ nanoparticles. Less than 1% of the removed OFL at pH 6 was recovered by rinsing the substrate; and, at pH 9 about 39% of the OFL removed by nanoparticles during the initial mixing experiment was desorbed during rinsing. Mass spectral analysis of OFL solutions after the removal of the solid nanoparticles yielded ions that indicate the presence of de-methylated and de-carboxylated fluoroquinolone species, resulting from the degradation of OFL at the TiO₂ surface.
Cross-Validation Estimates IMSE

Integrated Mean Squared Error (IMSE) is a version of the usual mean squared error criterion, averaged over all possible training sets of a given size. If it could be observed, it could be used to determine optimal network complexity or optimal data subsets for efficient training. We show that two common methods of cross-validating average squared error deliver unbiased estimates of IMSE, converging to IMSE with probability one. These estimates thus make possible approximate IMSE-based choice of network complexity. We also show that two variants of cross validation measure provide unbiased IMSE-based estimates potentially useful for selecting optimal data subsets.
Interview with Eric Davidson

1. MBL Woods Hole, U. Penn, Rockefeller Institute-Becoming a molecular biologist of early development Ute: I want to start at the very beginning of your scientific biography. I have read that as a high-school pupil you spent some time at Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory. Eric: I went to a very primitive high school, nothing that today would be regarded as acceptable science teaching whatsoever. But there was one wonderful woman whose name was Miss Krum; she probably was educated around 1910. I went to high school in 1950, and I graduated in'54. Miss Krum taught the biology class, which was in 10th grade. So that was 1951. She was an elderly lady with grey hair. When I came in on the first day of class, I said, “Miss Krum, I'll make an arrangement with you. I'll make all the laboratory preparations for the whole class, for the whole year, if I don't have to take any examinations except the final.” She looked at me and said, “Do you know how to use a microscope, young man?” I said, “Yes, ma'am.” Because one of my father's friends had given me that for a Christmas present a few years earlier, I knew a little bit about using a microscope. So she said, “Well, you go home and make some preparations and show them to me tomorrow morning.” I took some Paramecium and other stuff and stained them with permanganate, and she said, “Very well, young man.” The result of that was that I became completely fascinated with biology, looking at all of these wonderful things that we had to show the class the whole year.
Cost Analysis of Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Lumbar Diskectomy and Laminectomy Spine Surgery

Background Lumbar spine surgery can be performed using various anesthetic modalities, most notably general or spinal anesthesia. Because data comparing the cost of these anesthetic modalities in spine surgery are scarce, this study asks whether spinal anesthesia is less costly than general anesthesia. Methods A total of 542 patients who underwent elective lumbar diskectomy or laminectomy spine surgery between 2007 and 2011 were retrospectively identified, with 364 having received spinal anesthesia and 178 having received general anesthesia. Mean direct operating cost, indirect cost (general support staff, insurance, taxes, floor space, facility, and administrative costs), and total cost were compared among patients who received general and spinal anesthesia. Linear multiple regression analysis was used to identify the effect of anesthesia type on cost and determine the factors underlying this effect, while controlling for patient and procedure characteristics. Results When controlling for patient and procedure characteristics, use of spinal anesthesia was associated with a 41.1% lower direct operating cost (−$3629 ± $343, P P P Conclusions When comparing the benefits of spinal and general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia is less costly when used in patients undergoing lumbar diskectomy and laminectomy spine surgery.
Monitoring of Hemostasis in Combat Trauma Patients

Bleeding is clearly a major cause of morbidity and death after trauma. When bleeding is attributable to transection of major vessels, surgical repair is appropriate. Posttraumatic microvascular bleeding attributable to coagulopathy secondary to metabolic derangements, hypothermia, and depletion or dysfunction of cellular and protein components requires a different approach. Although transfusion of blood products may be necessary to replace the blood loss, it does not always correct the problem of microvascular bleeding. The type of injury, mode of care, and treatment objectives differ significantly for combat-wounded soldiers versus civilian trauma patients. Although hemorrhage is responsible for 50% of combat deaths, published information about coagulation monitoring among combat patients is very limited. These articles summarize the appropriate monitoring of hemostasis among combat trauma patients, review the unique nature of combat casualties and the medical system used to treat them, and discuss information available from civilian studies. Because the development of coagulopathy is relatively infrequent in the young, otherwise healthy, military population, the routine screening measures currently used are adequate to guide initial blood product administration. However, as new intravenous hemostatic agents are used for these patients, better laboratory measures will be required. Although hemorrhage is the leading cause of death for combat casualties, catastrophic hemorrhage is rarely a prehospital combat medical management problem because, when it occurs, it tends to cause death before medical care can be provided. In civilian environments, most seriously injured victims can be reached and transported by emergency medical services personnel within minutes; in combat, it often takes hours simply to transport casualties off the battlefield. In combat situations, even if the transport distances are small, the hazardous nature of the forward combat areas frequently prevents medical personnel from quickly reaching the wounded. Furthermore, whereas civilian blunt trauma victims may have a "golden hour," casualties with penetrating battlefield trauma often have only a "platinum 5 minutes." Because of the challenges of treating hemorrhage during combat, it is important for military medical personnel to understand their options for treating hemorrhage quickly and efficiently. These articles discuss the causes of posttraumatic microvascular bleeding and the potential treatment options for controlling catastrophic hemorrhage in combat areas.
Pharmacists' evaluations of the nonprescription availability of metaproterenol, cimetidine, ibuprofen, and nystatin

The relative importance of six switch evaluation criteria in pharmacists' evaluations of the appropriateness of switching four drugs from prescription to nonprescription status was assessed. A questionnaire was constructed for three potential switch candidates (metaproterenol, cimetidine, and nystatin) and one already switched drug (ibuprofen 200 mg). Pharmacists were asked to judge (1) the overall appropriateness of switching these four drugs and (2) the appropriateness of switching these drugs based on the FDA switch criteria of safety, effectiveness, and labeling and two other proposed criteria: the need for oral counseling about the product and perceived market need for the product. Additionally, pharmacists were asked to rate whether they believed the study drugs would be profitable to their pharmacies if the drugs were switched to nonprescription status. A total of 1161 pharmacists were reached by the mailings, of whom 417 (34.8%) responded. Only ibuprofen 200 mg received a positive overall switch approval rating from the pharmacists; cimetidine received the lowest rating. The six evaluation criteria were tested for significant association with pharmacists' overall judgment of the appropriateness of switching each drug. The three most influential criteria were safety, labeling, and market need for the product, respectively. Profitability to the pharmacy was not significantly associated with pharmacists' overall judgment of switch appropriateness. Regression analysis identified safety, labeling, and market need as important in the evaluation of all four drugs, and pharmacists' evaluation of the relative importance of these criteria was a predictor of their overall judgment of the appropriateness of a switch. Consumer safety, not personal economic interests, most influenced pharmacists' judgment of the appropriateness of a switch from prescription to nonprescription status for four drugs.
The Word Problem

The word problem is a decision problem in group theory. It turns out to be a problem that is formally undecidable. We will explain here the necessary background in group theory and what the word problem is, and we will provide some discussion of the undecidability issue.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration: Librarian Involvement in Grant Projects

Librarians are excellent research collaborators, although librarian participation is not usually considered, thereby making access to research funds difficult. The University of Michigan Library became involved in the university’s novel funding program, MCubed, which supported innovative interdisciplinary research on campus, primarily by funding student assistants to work on research projects. This article discusses three different MCubed projects that all benefited from librarian involvement. These projects spanned across many areas from translational research to systematic reviews to digital humanities. Librarian roles ranged from mentoring and project management to literature searching.
The Significance of Entrepreneur-Opportunity Fit in New Venture Creation

How entrepreneurs judge and ultimately select a single opportunity to exploit might prove critical not only to an understanding of venture creation, but also to an understanding of venture success. This paper explores the phenomenon impacting decision-making strategies utilized by nascent entrepreneurs when actively searching for venture opportunities and introduces the construct of entrepreneur-opportunity (E-O) fit.
Sightings and Strandings of Guadalupe Fur Seals in Central and Northern California, 1988–1995

The Guadalupe fur seal ( Arctocephalus townsendi ) was hunted to near extinction before its natural history was well known. The last known population is currently centered on Guadalupe Island, Mexico, but in recent years northern extralimital records from California have become more frequent. We report 14 new records (3 adults, 11 juveniles) of Guadalupe fur seals stranded (nine) or sighted (five) along the central and northern coast of California. These northern records appear to correspond with El Nino events, seasonal currents in California, and to dispersal behavior in this species. Dietary items retrieved from stomachs and feces included otoliths from Citharichthys sordidus, Lampanyctus, Protomyctophum , and Scopelogadus , and beaks of the squids Loligo opalescens, Gonatopsis , and Onychoteuthis borealojaponica . Emaciation commonly was associated with stranding, but other findings included an umbilical hernia, septicemia, and bacterial pneumonia. Three of the stranded individuals had experienced entanglement in fishing gear or marine debris.
“Mad Scared” versus “I Was Sad”: Emotional expression and response in urban adolescent males

Decades of masculinity research have concluded that society places higher demands on males to adhere to norms for low emotional expression; yet, countless studies find that emotional expression is integral to well-being. Unfortunately, this contradiction places boys and men in a tenuous position as they must navigate a bombardment of societal messages about the importance of emotional stoicism and invincibility. For urban adolescents, the situation is more complicated as they encounter environmental stressors that place greater emphasis on projecting a tough facade. Thus, our primary aim was to assess to what degree dyads of close adolescent male friends from urban, low-income neighborhoods are able to engage in emotional expression and response and to explore some of the underlying mechanisms and interpersonal processes. Qualitative findings from our sample suggest that urban boys exhibit a wide range of behaviors when participating in dyadic emotional disclosure and response, including being highly emotionally expressive and supportive in the context of close male friendship.
Subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum.

The first case of subacute bacterial endocarditis due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum , type F, is reported. The organism was isolated from a 30-year-old Mexican man with a history of rheumatic heart disease. The literature is reviewed and the cultural characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of the unusual microorganism are discussed. Awareness of some key characteristics might result in more frequent identification of Flavobacterium meningosepticum in human material.
Mechanical elongation of astrocyte processes to create living scaffolds for nervous system regeneration.

Following brain injury or neurodegenerative disease, successful regeneration requires orchestrated migration of neurons and reformation of long-distance communication fibres, or axons. Such extensive regeneration does not occur in the mature brain; however, during embryonic development, pathways formed by glial cells extend several millimeters (mm) to create ‘living scaffolds' for targeted neural cell migration and axonal pathfinding. Techniques to recapitulate long process outgrowth in glial cells have proven elusive, preventing the exploitation of this developmental mechanism for regeneration. In the current study, astrocytes were induced to form a network of interconnected processes that were subjected to controlled mechanical tension in vitro using custom-built mechanobioreactors. We discovered a specific micron (μm)-scale mechanical growth regime that induced elongation of the astrocytic processes to a remarkable length of 2.5 mm at an optimal rate of 12.5 μm/h. More rapid mechanical regimes (> 20 μm/h) caused greater incidence of process degeneration or outright breakage, whereas slow regimes (< 4 μm/h) led to adaptive motility, thus failing to achieve process elongation. Cellular phenotype for this astrocytic ‘stretch-growth’ was confirmed based on presentation of the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Mechanical elongation resulted in the formation of dense bundles of aligned astrocytic processes. Importantly, seeded neurons readily adhered to, and extended neurites directly along, the elongated astrocytic processes, demonstrating permissiveness to support neuronal growth. This is the first demonstration of the controlled application of mechanical forces to create long astrocytic processes, which may form the backbone of tissue-engineered ‘living scaffolds' that structurally emulate radial glia to facilitate neuroregeneration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Filling the Knowledge Gap on Top Down Management with Key Variables Being Corporate Culture and Communication During the Strategic Decision Implementation Process

This research contributes by filling the knowledge gab on how corporate culture and top down management communication style play a role in strategic goal implementation. Within this study, top down management style and corporate culture variables are correlated as synonymous of the other. This research will describe the optimal matrices for both variables to play harmonious parts to the implementation process. Quantifying top down management communication through a matrix of data to assign managers mathematical ratings in communication expression will study lapses in communication contexts that may equate to the inability to implement decisions.
Picosecond Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Electronically Excited tris(2,2’-Bipyridine) Ruthenium(II) Dichloride

Transition metal complexes display a rich and varied photochemistry which has found broad application in such areas as solar energy conversion, electron transfer reactions, and lasers[1–4]. Although tris(2,2’-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) dichloride (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ) has been extensively studied[4–10], many details of its excited-state dynamics remain unresolved. The lowest charge-transfer excited state of Ru(bpy 3 2+ ) has been the focus of some controversy. CROSBY and others [6–8] have established that initial excitation occurs via a d → π* transition. Assignment of the state(s) involved in subsequent energy transfer and emission remain in question. LYTLE and HERCULES suggested a two-state model, as shown in Fig. 1[6]. In this model energy transfer occurs via rapid radiationless relaxation (A → B), but emission occurs from both states at times short compared to τAB. At longer times emission occurs only from state B. CROSBY suggested an alternative model involving three closely spaced mixed states[9,10]. In this model, room temperature emission occurs predominately from one of these three states. Once it is formed, the emitting state has been shown to have a lifetime of 600 ns in aqueous solution at room temperature[6].
C2D5I dissociation and D+CH3 → CH2D+H at high temperature: Implications to the high-pressure rate constant for CH4 dissociation

The shock tube technique with H- and D-atom atomic resonance absorption spectrometry detection has been used to study the thermal decomposition of C 2 D 5 I and the reaction, CH 3 +D → CH 2 D+H over the temperature ranges 924–1370 and 1294–1753 K, respectively. First-order rate constants for the thermal decomposition of C 2 D 5 I can be expressed by the Arrhenius equation, log k C2D51 = (10.397± 0.297)−(7700±334 K)/ T , giving k C2D51 =2.49 × 10 10 exp(−17,729 K/ T ) s −1 . The branching ratio between product channels, C 2 D 5 +I and C 2 D 4 +DI, was also determined. These results coupled with the fast decomposition of C 2 D 5 radicals were then used to specify [D] t in subsequent kinetics experiments with CH 3 where [CH 3 ] 0 was prepared from the concurrent thermal decomposition of CH 3 I. Within experimental error, the rate constants for reaction 1 were found to be temperature independent with k 1 = (2.20±0.22) × 10 −10 cm 3 molecule −1 s − . The present data have been combined with earlier lower temperature determinations and the joint database has been examined with unimolecular rate theory. The implications of the present study can be generalized to supply a reliable value for the high-pressure limiting rate constant for methane dissociation.
Impact of variability of mechanical and thermal properties of concrete on predicted performance of jointed plain concrete pavements

Abstract The performance of jointed plain concrete pavement is affected by various design parameters including mechanical and thermal properties of concrete. Out of these, coefficient of thermal expansion, elastic modulus and modulus of rupture are a few important ones and to evaluate the effects of these material properties on pavement performance, simulations were carried out in MEPDG. All other design parameters such as traffic, design life, climate and road bed soil conditions were considered as constant and pavement performance was evaluated. The simulation results appreciated that with an increase in coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete, the pavement performance was adversely affected. In addition, with an increase in elastic modulus and modulus of rupture values of concrete, the strength of concrete increases and resultantly an improved pavement performance was obtained. It became evident that these material parameters should be carefully considered while designing a rigid pavement.
Path sign patterns of order n ≥ 5 do not require Hn

Abstract The refined inertia of a square real matrix B, denoted ri ( B ) , is the ordered 4-tuple ( n + ( B ) , n − ( B ) , n z ( B ) , 2 n p ( B ) ) , where n + ( B ) (resp., n − ( B ) ) is the number of eigenvalues of B with positive (resp., negative) real part, n z ( B ) is the number of zero eigenvalues of B, and 2 n p ( B ) is the number of pure imaginary eigenvalues of B. For n ≥ 3 , the set of refined inertias H n = { ( 0 , n , 0 , 0 ) , ( 0 , n − 2 , 0 , 2 ) , ( 2 , n − 2 , 0 , 0 ) } is important for the onset of Hopf bifurcation in dynamical systems. An n × n sign pattern A is said to require H n if H n = { ri ( B ) | B ∈ Q ( A ) } . In this paper, we show that no path sign pattern of order n ≥ 5 requires H n .
Nanoindentation study of bulk zirconium hydrides at elevated temperatures

Abstract The mechanical properties of zirconium hydrides were studied using nano-indentation technique between 25 and 400 °C. Temperature dependency of reduced elastic modulus and hardness of δ- and e-zirconium hydrides were obtained by conducting nanoindentation experiments on bulk hydride samples with independently heating capability of indenter and heating stage. The reduced elastic modulus of δ-zirconium hydride (H/Zr ratio = 1.61) decreased from ∼113 GPa at room temperature to ∼109 GPa at 400 °C, while its hardness decreased significantly from 4.1 GPa to 2.41 GPa in the same temperature range. For e-zirconium hydrides (H/Zr ratio = 1.79), the reduced elastic modulus decreased from 61 GPa at room temperature to 54 GPa at 300 °C, while its hardness from 3.06 GPa to 2.19 GPa.
PGA: post-GWAS analysis for disease gene identification

Summary Although the genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful method to identify disease-associated variants, it does not directly address the biological mechanisms underlying such genetic association signals. Here, we present PGA, a Perl- and Java-based program for post-GWAS analysis that predicts likely disease genes given a list of GWAS-reported variants. Designed with a command line interface, PGA incorporates genomic and eQTL data in identifying disease gene candidates and uses gene network and ontology data to score them based upon the strength of their relationship to the disease in question. Availability and implementation http://zdzlab.einstein.yu.edu/1/pga.html. Contact zhengdong.zhang@einstein.yu.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evolution in Action in the Classroom: Engaging Students in Science Practices to Investigate and Explain Evolution by Natural Selection

Current reform efforts at all levels of biology education advocate for the integration of science content and practices and emphasize the importance of phenomena-driven inquiry. We describe an instructional sequence for teaching evolution by natural selection that addresses these goals by engaging students in parallel selection experiments with biological and digital model organisms. These activities address multiple learning objectives in the AP Biology Curriculum Framework and the Next Generation Science Standards while engaging students in authentic science practices to learn about natural selection. We also report results from pre and post assessments in an AP Biology class which demonstrate students9 learning gains and increased acceptance of evolution.
AN ELECTRONICALLY-DELIVERED, MULTI-MODALITY IMAGING CURRICULUM TO INCREASE CARDIOLOGY TRAINEE EXPOSURE TO RARE DISORDERS

Exposure to rare diagnoses during imaging rotations in cardiovascular (CV) fellowship can be unevenly distributed. An evaluation of our imaging curriculum showed 65% of CV fellows were uncomfortable recognizing rare diagnoses on imaging modalities (echocardiography, computed tomography (CT),
Intraracial rape revisited

Abstract Here I revisit three contentious issues: intraracial rape, feminist theorising around race and gender, and the problematics of cross-cultural collaboration (see Bell & Nelson, 1989). I begin by examining the modes of analysis of abuse of Aboriginal women as revealed in recent reports, and offer comparative case material from North America. With particular reference to the shifting bases of my relationship to Topsy Napurrula Nelson, I trace a personal, partial, and hidden history of an idea, that is, a more empowering feminist future may be envisaged by grounding our theorising on questions of gender, race and violence in the possibility of relationality. I suggest that the propensity to engage in social construct boundary maintenance is obscuring the fact that it is women who are being brutalised. With reference to the handling of violence against women by the courts and by “communities,” I argue cross-cultural collaborations and enunciation of women's law can empower women. Forging a sustainable vision of a meaningful future in the current crisis requires that the needs of woman be addressed; that in pursuit of the politics of difference we not lose sight of questions of power; that the politics of law, the nation state, the academy, and Aboriginal liberation struggles that shape the “master narratives,” are interrogated from within and from “elsewhere.”
The role of causal beliefs in political identity and voting

Abstract An emerging literature in psychology and political science has identified political identity as an important driver of political decisions. However, less is known about how a person’s political identity is incorporated into their broader self-concept and why it influences some people more than others. We examined the role of political identity in representations of the self-concept as one determinant of people’s political behaviors. We tested the predictions of a recent theoretical account of self-concept representation that, inspired by work on conceptual representation, emphasizes the role of causal beliefs. This account predicts that people who believe that their political identity is causally central (linked to many other features of the self-concept) will be more likely to engage in behaviors consistent with their political identity than those who believe that the same aspect is causally peripheral (linked to fewer other features). Consistent with these predictions, in a study run when political identity was particularly salient—during the 2016 U.S. Presidential election—we found that U.S. voters who believed their political party identity was more causally central (vs. those who believe it was causally peripheral) were more likely to vote for their political party’s candidate. Further, in two studies, we found that U.K. residents who believed that their English or British national identity was more causally central were more likely to support the U.K. leaving the European Union (Brexit) than those who believed the same identities were more causally peripheral.