cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The CLK Family Kinases, CLK1 and CLK2, Phosphorylate and Activate the Tyrosine Phosphatase, PTP-1B

The protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP-1B is an important regulator of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and is itself regulated by phosphorylation. We report that PTP-1B and its yeast analog, YPTP, are phosphorylated and activated by members of the CLK family of dual specificity kinases. CLK1 and CLK2 phosphorylation of PTP-1B in vitro activated the phosphatase activity approximately 3–5-fold using either p-nitrophenol phosphate, or tyrosine-phosphorylated myelin basic protein as substrates. Co-expression of CLK1 or CLK2 with PTP-1B in HEK 293 cells led to a 2-fold stimulation of phosphatase activity in vivo. Phosphorylation of PTP-1B at Ser50 by CLK1 or CLK2 is responsible for its enzymatic activation. These findings suggest that phosphorylation at Ser50 by serine threonine kinases may regulate the activation of PTP-1B in vivo. We also show that CLK1 and CLK2 phosphorylate and activate the S. cerevisiae PTP-1B family member, YPTP1. CLK1 phosphorylation of YPTP1 led to a 3-fold stimulation of phosphatase activity in vitro. We demonstrate that CLK phosphorylation of Ser83 on YPTP1 is responsible for the activation of this enzyme. These findings demonstrate that the CLK kinases activate PTP-1B family members, and this phosphatase may be an important cellular target for CLK action.
The BRIGHTEN Program: Implementation and Evaluation of a Program to Bridge Resources of an Interdisciplinary Geriatric Health Team via Electronic Networking

PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of the BRIGHTEN Program (Bridging Resources of an Interdisciplinary Geriatric Health Team via Electronic Networking), an interdisciplinary team intervention for assessing and treating older adults for depression in outpatient primary and specialty medical clinics. The BRIGHTEN team collaborates "virtually" to review patient assessment results, develop a treatment plan, and refer to appropriate team members for follow-up care. DESIGN AND METHODS Older adults in 9 academic medical center clinics and 2 community-based clinics completed screening forms for symptoms of depression and anxiety. Those with positive screens engaged in comprehensive assessment with the BRIGHTEN Program Coordinator; the BRIGHTEN virtual team provided treatment recommendations based on the results of assessment. A collaborative treatment plan was developed with each participant, who was then connected to appropriate services. RESULTS Two thousand four hundred twenty-two older adults were screened in participating clinics over a 40-month period. Eight hundred fifty-nine older adults screened positive, and 150 elected to enroll in BRIGHTEN. From baseline to 6 months, significant improvements were found in depression symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale, p < .01) and general mental health (SF-12 Mental Component, p < .01). IMPLICATIONS The BRIGHTEN Program demonstrated that an interdisciplinary virtual team linked with outpatient medical clinics can be an effective, nonthreatening, and seamless approach to enable older adults to access treatment for depression.
Slow Coherency Based Cutset Determination Algorithm for Large Power Systems

This paper provides an integrated algorithm to identify a cutset for a large power system for the application of a slow coherency based controlled islanding scheme. Controlled islanding is employed as a corrective measure of last resort to prevent cascading outages caused by large disturbances. The large scale power system is represented as a graph and a simplification algorithm is used to reduce the complexity of the system. Generators belonging to the same slowly coherent group are collapsed into a dummy node, and a graph partition library is used to split the graph into a given number of parts. Some extra islands formed by the partition library are merged into their adjacent large islands and the original cutset of the actual power system is recovered from the highly simplified graph. A software package was developed to test the efficiency of the algorithm, and dynamic simulations were run on the WECC system to verify the effectiveness of the cutset obtained. The WECC system has more than 15 000 buses and 2300 generators. Detailed steps to develop an islanding strategy for a specified contingency for a large system are described in this paper.
A review of photodetectors for sensing light-emitting reporters in biological systems

A review of photodetectors for optical detection in biological applications is presented. The intent is to provide an overview of the performance metrics and trade-offs among popular photodetectors in order to facilitate an easier match among the photodetector, biological stimulus, and optical pathway. The characteristics and nonidealities of fluorescent and phosphorescent reporters, and the properties of optical components such as filters, lenses, and light sources, are reviewed. By accounting for sources of noise in these components, it is shown how to determine metrics for the optical system that can then be converted to photodetector metrics. Defined photodetector metrics include the quantum efficiency, responsivity, noise-equivalent power, detectivity, gain, dark current, response time, and noise spectrum. The operating principles and performance trade-offs of photodetectors are reviewed, and emphasis is placed on photodetectors for integrated compact systems. Top commercial candidates for photodetectors for detecting light emitted from reporters are the photomultiplier tube, avalanche photodiode, and charge-coupled device. Focus is placed on new developments in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor structures that can provide low-cost, low-power, and low-voltage alternatives to traditional approaches to biological imaging. Reviewed device structures are presented in the context of supporting the development of laboratory-based instruments and compact fully-integrated systems.
Observed and self-reported pesticide protective behaviors of Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers

Agricultural pesticide exposure has potential adverse health effects for farmworkers that may be reduced by pesticide protective behaviors (PPBs). The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Worker Protection Standard (WPS) requires PPBs be taught to farmworkers prior to field work. Studies to date have not utilized observational methods to evaluate the degree to which PPBs are practiced by Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers in the United States. The purpose of this study was to describe, compare, and contrast observed and self-reported PPBs used by Latino farmworkers; both PPBs that the WPS requires be taught and other PPBs were included. Observed and self-reported data were collected from 71 Latino farmworkers during the 2014 tobacco growing season in North Carolina. Participants were consistent in reporting and using long pants and closed shoes in the field most of the time. In addition, gloves, hats/bandanas, and water-resistant outerwear were frequently observed, although they are not required to be taught by the WPS. Farmworkers reported more long-sleeve (p=.028) and glove use (p=.000) than what was observed. It was uncommon to observe washing behavior before eating or drinking, even when washing supplies were available. Washing behaviors were significantly overreported for hand (p=.000; p=.000) and face (p=.000; p=.058) washing before eating and drinking in the field. This study documents that protective clothing behaviors that the WPS requires be taught, plus a few others are commonly practiced by Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers, but washing behaviors in the field are not. Targeted strategies to improve washing behaviors in the field are needed.
High output nano-energy cell with piezoelectric nanogenerator and porous supercapacitor dual functions – A technique to provide sustaining power by harvesting intermittent mechanical energy from surroundings

Abstract Piezoelectric nanogenerator has promising application for harvesting mechanical energy to power small electronics. However, the power output of the piezoelectric nanogenerator is determined by the mechanical energy input, which will be intermittent if the mechanical energy is not continuous and is a fatal drawback for electronics requiring sustaining power. Here, a nano-energy cell (NEC), which can harvest intermittent mechanical energy, convert it into electricity, and store electricity, is successfully built. The new NEC uses high density piezoelectric nanowires to harvest mechanical energy and large electrolyte-NWs interface to store electricity in one simple system. NEC can continuously export electrical energy for more than 90 s after each single mechanical pulse shock, which is more than 400 times higher than that of nanogenerator. Additionally, the mechanical-electrical energy conversion efficiency of the NEC can be over 10 times higher than that of nanogenerator. The NEC potentially has important applications for effectively harvesting mechanical energy with low frequency.
Exploring the F6 Fractionated Spacecraft Trade Space with GT-FAST

Released in July 2007, the Broad Agency Announcement for DARPA’s System F6 outlined goals for flight demonstration of an architecture in which the functionality of a traditional monolithic satellite is fulfilled with a fractionated cluster of free-flying, wirelessly interconnected modules. Given the large number of possible architectural options, two challenges facing systems analysis of F6 are (1) the ability to enumerate the many potential candidate fractionated architectures and (2) the ability to analyze and quantify the cost and benefits of each architecture. This paper applies the recently developed Georgia Tech F6 Architecture Synthesis Tool (GT-FAST) to the exploration of the System F6 trade space. Combinatorial analysis of the architectural trade space is presented, providing a theoretical contribution applicable to future analyses and clearly showing the explosion of the size of the trade space as the number of fractionatable components increases. Several output metrics of interest are defined, and Pareto fronts are used to visualize the trade space. The first set of these Pareto fronts allows direct visualization of one output against another, and the second set presents cost plotted against a Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) score aggregating performance objectives. These techniques allow for the identification of a handful of Pareto-optimal designs from an original pool of over 3,000 potential designs. Conclusions are drawn on salient features of the resulting Pareto fronts, important competing objectives which have been captured, and the potential suitability of a particularly interesting design designated PF0248. A variety of potential avenues for future work are also identified.
Abstract 2537: Infectious, autoimmune, and allergic diseases and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) study.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Relatively little research has been devoted to understanding the causes of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in children. HL diagnosed at 1 year prior to HL diagnosis, and EBV+ cases were more likely to report prior sore throats (including strep throat, scarlet fever, tonsillitis; OR=2.19, 95% CI: 1.06-4.53) and infectious mononucleosis (OR=9.10, 95% CI: 0.81-102.3). Case siblings were also more likely to have had an infection prior to HL diagnosis (OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.01-4.14). In index children, autoimmune (OR=0.46, 95% CI: 0.16-1.38) and allergic (OR=1.22, 95% CI: 0.93-1.59) diseases identified >1 year before HL diagnosis were not associated with HL overall or by EBV status or subtype. There were no notable associations for autoimmune or allergic diseases in parents or siblings. These results may indicate a true increased risk for infections and lack of association with history of conditions imparting immune dysregulation, or they may be attributable to inaccurate recall. Future studies should employ biomarkers to understand differences in immune function preceding pediatric HL. Supported by NIH Grants R01 CA047473 and K05 CA157439, and Children's Cancer Research Fund, Minneapolis, MN. Citation Format: Amy M. Linabery, Erik B. Erhardt, Rachel K. Fonstad, Seymour Grufferman, Richard F. Ambinder, Greta R. Bunin, Julie A. Ross, Logan G. Spector. Infectious, autoimmune, and allergic diseases and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in children and adolescents: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2537. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2537 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
A high-order flux reconstruction method with adaptive mesh refinement and artificial diffusivity on unstructured moving/deforming mesh for shock capturing

Abstract This article presents new progress of shock capturing on unstructured dynamic grids by using adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method in conjunction with artificial diffusivity (AD) under the framework of flux reconstruction (FR)/correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR) method. The proposed AMR algorithm is applicable even when the grid undergoes dynamic motion. It features an innovative data structure that is capable of direct addressing in managing the system of cells on multiple levels of refinement. A conservative mortar method is used to handle non-conforming interfaces resulted from cell subdivision. The AD is added in regions of strong dilatation to counter the Gibbs oscillation that is disruptive to high-order solutions when shock discontinuities exist. Several test cases are used to verify that this FR-AMR-AD framework can achieve high-order accuracy for smooth flows, and obtain stable solution with the presence of shock discontinuity. By further limiting the shock within subdivided adjacent cells, a sharp shock solution can be obtained with reduced amount of AD addition, hence errors from adding dissipation, on dynamically refined grids.
Primary Myoclonus-Dystonia: A Diagnosis Often Missed in Children (P02.170)

Objective: To review the manifestations of primary myolconus-dystonia in childhood and increase its awareness among clinicians to make an early diagnosis and institute a prompt effective treatment. Background Primary myoclonus-dystonia is a childhood-onset autosomal dominant movement disorder with myoclonus and dystonia due to epsilon sarcoglycan (SGCE) gene mutation or deletion. There are very few reports of this condition presenting in childhood. Its biological behavior in childhood is unclear. Design/Methods: A retrospective chart analysis of patients, ≤18 years at the Cleveland Clinic between 2008 and 2011 with myoclonus and dystonia. The cases with primary Myoclonus Dystonia (criteria by Gunewald, 2008) were reviewed in greater detail in respect to age of onset, age at final diagnosis, referral diagnosis, investigations, clinical features including video-observation, treatment, and prognosis. Results: We report 9 children (4 boys, 5 girls) with primary myoclonus dystonia from eight families. Mean age of onset of symptoms was 2.8 ± 3.86 years (8 months-13 years) but the diagnosis was made at 7.3 + 5.85 years. Myoclonus was the presenting symptom in 8 children. A known pathogenic mutation in SGCE gene was identified in 4 children and 2 children had mutations in the same gene not previously described. Good response to trihexyphenidyl and clonazepam was seen. One patient underwent bilateral globus pallidus pars interna deep brain stimulation surgery. In 7 children, the diagnosis of myoclonus-dystonia was not considered by the referring neurologists. The differentials included ataxia, developmental delay, tremor, gait problem. This initial misdiagnosis led to extensive investigations and a delay in final diagnosis. Conclusions: Finding 9 cases of primary myoclonus dystonia in children over a 3 year period in one center proves that this disorder is not so rare to manifest in children. We highlight the need for more awareness among the meurologists about myoclonus-dystonia presenting in childhood. Disclosure: Dr. Ghosh has received personal compensation for activities with Merz Pharma as a consultant. Dr. Indulkar has nothing to disclose.
Increasing the intensity of an induction accelerator and reduction of the beam breakup instability

A 7 cm cathode has been deployed for use on a 3.8 MV, 80 ns (FWHM) Blumlein, to increase the extracted electron current from the nominal 1.7 to 2.9 kA. The intense relativistic electron bunch is accelerated and transported through a nested solenoid and ferrite induction core lattice consisting of 64 elements, exiting the accelerator with a nominal energy of 19.8 MeV. The principal objective of these experiments is to quantify the space-charge limitations on the beam quality, its coupling with the beam breakup (BBU) instability, and provide an independent validation of the BBU theory in a higher current regime, $\mathrm{I}g2\text{ }\mathrm{kA}$. Time resolved centroid measurements indicate a reduction in BBU $g10\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}$ with simply a 50% increase in the average B-field used to transport the beam through the accelerator. A qualitative comparison of experimental and calculated results are presented, which include time resolved current density distributions, radial BBU amplitude relative to the calculated beam envelope, and frequency analyzed BBU amplitude with different accelerator lattice tunes.
Effect of Dietary Selenium Level on 75Se Binding to Rat Plasma Proteins

SummaryTwo peaks of protein-bound 75Se are seen on the gel filtration chromatogram of rat plasma when the rat has been fed a 0.5 ppm selenium diet and no NaCl is added to the Tris-HCl elution buffer. One of those peaks is absent from the plasma of rats fed a very low selenium diet. Poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 75Se peaks suggests that each may have more than one protein component. Dialysis studies indicate that the 75Se is not in the form of selenotrisulfides.
Focus on “Claudins create charge-selective channels in the paracellular pathway between epithelial cells”

Since the initial report by Ussing and Windhager ([2][1]) in 1964 of an extracellular pathway for ion flow across frog skin, investigators have speculated about the nature of this route. As the evidence accumulated for such “shunt” paths in a wide variety of epithelia, it was apparent that all
Analysis of Measles Epidemiological Characteristics in 2008 in Hefei

Objective Incidence and trend of measles in Hefei were analyzed so as to provide basis for controlling and eliminating measles.Methods 604 confirmed measles cases reported in 2008 from the surveillance system were analyzed.Results Incidence of measles was 12.40/100000(604/4870916)and increased 294.77%,compared with that in 2007.Totally,eight outbreaks occurred in schools in 2008.Other cases occurred sporadically.Incidence peak occurred from March to may Double-phase shifting phenomenon was observed in different age groups.Among the cases,29.3% had the immunity history.46.5% had not immunity history and 24.2% had unclear immunity history.Conclusion The main reasons of measles increased incidencing that the first and reinforcement MV were not vaccinated in time,the floating population in the city were growing and more adult cases occured.Improving the inoculation quality and promptly inoculating rate of MV and strengthening management of the floating population were the important strategy for controlling measles outbreak and epidemic.
Survival trends in young patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM).

8596 Background: Data in young patients (pts) with WM are sparse and the few available studies utilizing SEER database have yielded inconsistent results, possibly overestimating survival, in part r...
Prophylactic Antibiotics in Transurethral Prostatectomy

AbstractIn a prospective randomized study involving 90 uninfected patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy it was found that routine postoperative use of prophylactic cephalosporins had no beneficial effect on the incidence of fever, hospital stay or major complications. Patients receiving cephalosporins had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative bacteriuria immediately after catheter removal and 1 month postoperatively.
Physical Vibration Simulation of an Acoustic Environment with Six Shakers on an Industrial Structure

A previous study in the UK demonstrated that vibration response on a scaled-down model of a missile structure in a wind tunnel could be replicated in a laboratory setting with multiple shakers using an approach dubbed as impedance matching. Here we demonstrate on a full scale industrial structure that the random vibration induced from a laboratory acoustic environment can be nearly replicated at 37 internal accelerometers using six shakers. The voltage input to the shaker amplifiers is calculated using a regularized inverse of the square of the amplitude of the frequency response function matrix and the power spectral density responses of the 37 internal accelerometers. No cross power spectral density responses are utilized. The structure has hundreds of modes and the simulation is performed out to 4000 Hz.
Image utility estimation using difference-of-Gaussian scale space

Traditional quality estimators evaluate an image's resemblance to a reference image. However, quality estimators are not well suited to the similar but somewhat different task of utility estimation, where an image is judged instead by how useful it would be in comparison to a reference in the context of accomplishing some task. Multi-Scale Difference of Gaussian Utility (MS-DGU), a reduced-reference algorithm for image utility estimation, relies on matching image contours across scales tuned to spatial frequencies important for utility estimation. MS-DGU estimates utility with greater accuracy than previous techniques. A fast algorithm for utility-optimized image compression was developed through rate-utility optimization for MS-DGU. By simple scaling of JPEG quantization step sizes according to a “utility factor,” data rates were reduced by an average of 24% (and up to 30%) compared to standard JPEG while maintaining utility.
STILL A MAN'S WORLD? SECOND GENERATION GENDER BIAS IN EXTERNAL EQUITY TERM SHEET NEGOTIATIONS

Women increasingly start and lead growth ventures yet receive a small proportion of external equity funding. Term sheet negotiation is a pivotal moment for obtaining growth capital. We employ a multi-method, mixed mode research design to explore strategies of women entrepreneurs who have negotiated term sheets and discuss our quantitative findings. Results indicate that women entrepreneurs in our sample worked hard to achieve optimal outcomes yet come up short because of exogenous and endogenous factors linked to second generation gender bias in the negotiation process. Propositions for future research are generated given the results of this exploratory research.
Editorial: Rethinking the "Philosopher-King"

This essay attempts a summary of the concept and practice of "philosopher-king" among a small crop of African political leaders in the twentieth century. It argues that the idea, borrowed from the Greek philosopher Plato, was crucial in the consolidation of the postcolonial state as "national-masculinist," that is, the gendered character of nationalism and its role in the acquisition and actual exercise of power. Although African political leadership is still predominantly male, and personality continues to control the political process, there has been a noticeable fading of the figure of the leader as a philosopher-king since the last two decades of the 20th century. As introduction to the articles that actually discuss the phenomenon, this essay highlights each contributor’s points in the conclusion.
Sensory Characteristics of Reduced Nitrite Bacon Manufactured by the Wisconsin Process.

Bacon with a culture of lactic acid-forming bacteria, Pediococcus acidilactici , plus 0.7% sucrose and 40 or 80 mg sodium nitrite/kg (Wisconsin Process), and control bacon with 120 mg sodium nitrite/kg but no lactic acid bacteria and sucrose, were produced at three commercial bacon plants under production conditions. The bacon was stored under refrigeration for 5 to 8 wk, then subjected to sensory analyses by an experienced sensory panel. Quantitative descriptive visual analysis was performed on uncooked as well as cooked samples, and the cooked samples were served for quantitative descriptive sensory analysis. Results indicated that the test bacon with reduced amounts of sodium nitrite was as acceptable as the control bacon with no sugar and lactics, with the 80 mg/kg nitrite-bacon being the most preferred of all. These results and the results of botulinal challenge and nitrosamine tests indicate that the test process can be a satisfactory alternative to processing bacon by the conventional procedure with 120 mg sodium nitrite/kg.
Examining Factors Related to Academic Success of Military-Connected Students at Community Colleges

ABSTRACTThe number of military-connected students enrolling in community colleges has increased dramatically in the past decade, and this trend is expected to continue. This research focused on examining factors that contribute to the academic success of community college students. Specifically, the purpose of this quantitative study was to identify the demographic characteristics; campus relationships; and financial, academic and personal experiences that are associated with grade point average (GPA) and intent to return for military-connected students at seven community colleges. Identifying as a Student of Color (any race or ethnicity other than White) and experience meeting professors’ academic expectations were negatively associated with cumulative GPA, and feeling academically prepared to enter the institution was significantly and positively associated with intent to return. The results provide further evidence of the relationships among demographic and academic experiences and academic success. Th...
A Spatial-Spectral Interference Model for Millimeter Wave 5G Applications

The potential of the millimeter wave (mmWave) band in meeting the ever growing demand for high data rate and capacity in emerging fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks is well-established. Since mmWave systems are expected to use highly directional antennas with very focused beams to overcome severe pathloss and shadowing in this band, the nature of signal propagation in mmWave wireless networks may differ from current networks. One factor that is influenced by such propagation characteristics is the interference behavior, which is also impacted by the simultaneous use of the unlicensed portion of the spectrum by multiple users. Therefore, considering the propagation characteristics in the mmWave band, we propose a spatial-spectral interference model for 5G mmWave applications, in the presence of Poisson field of blockages and interferers operating in licensed and unlicensed mmWave spectrum. Consequently, the average bit error rate of the network is calculated. Simulation is also carried out to verify the outcomes of the paper.
Inscribed and Uninscribed Spaces in Al Untash Napirisha: Interaction and Segregation in a Late Second-Millennium De Novo Capital

AbstractRoman Ghirshman, the principal excavator of Chogha Zanbil, the site of a city founded in the late second millennium BC in south-west Iran, argued that the city was never populated and exist...
Performance of Bio-Occlusive Dressing as Barrier Protection from Presurgical Chlorhexidine Skin Preparation.

ABSTRACTPurpose/Aim of the study: Chlorhexdine has been shown to provide excellent and cost-effective presurgical antisepsis. However, standard presurgical concentrations of chlorhexidine (2–4%) are known to cause ocular injury, even in cases in which a bio-occlusive dressing (Tegaderm™) was applied beforehand to the closed eye.Materials and Methods: Three experiments were conducted to assess the barrier performance of Tegaderm™ to chlorhexidine skin prep in vitro and on non-ocular skin. The experiments used water as a control group.Results: In the first in vitro experiment, the chlorhexidine group showed penetration at the edges of the Tegaderm™ at 5 minutes while the water (control) group never penetrated the Tegaderm™. A subsequent experiment testing the central permeability of the tegaderm showed it to be impermeable to both chlorhexidine and water after 90 minutes. In the in vivo experiment, the chlorhexidine group showed penetration at 10 minutes, while the water (control) group never penetrated the...
Visualization of genome rearrangements using DCJ operations

The powerful double-cut-and-join (DCJ) operation, introduced by Yancopoulos et al. [18], supports all classical genome rearrangement operations. This allows minimum edit distance to be computed by modeling all possible classical rearrangement operations. However, there is a lack of visualization tools that can effectively present DCJ operations that will help biologists to use DCJ operations. In this paper, a novel visualization program is introduced, DCJVis, to create a diagram of each DCJ operation necessary to transform between the genomes of two distinct organisms by describing a possible sequence of genome graphs based on the selected gene adjacency for the DCJ operation. Our program is the first visualization tool for DCJ operations using circular layout, consistent colors, supports FASTA input. Specifically, the genomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans are used to demonstrate the functionality of this program and provide an example of the type of problem this program can solve for biologists.
Effects of Drugs on Octopamine Metabolism in the Rat

There is substantial evidence to suggest that octopamine (OCT) is a neurotransmitter in invertebrates, but its role in the neural function of higher organisms is not yet established. Although the presence of OCT in mammalian brain has been demonstrated by a variety of techniques in several laboratories, its presence alone is not sufficient to prove a physiological function.
Goodness-of-Fit Tests and Categorical Data Analysis

In the simplest type of situation considered in this chapter, each observation in a sample is classified as belonging to one of a finite number of categories (For example, blood type could be one of the four categories O, A, B, or AB). With pi denoting the probability that any particular observation belongs in category i (or the proportion of the population belonging to category i), we wish to test a null hypothesis that completely specifies the values of all the pi’s (such as H0: p1 =.45, p2 =.35, p3 =.15, p4 =.05, when there are four categories). The test statistic will be a measure of the discrepancy between the observed numbers in the categories and the expected numbers when H0 is true. Because a decision will be reached by comparing the computed value of the test statistic to a critical value of the chi-squared distribution, the procedure is called a chi-squared goodness-of-fit test.
Electronic Flash: A Rapid Method for Measuring the Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Dielectric Materials

“Electronic Flash”, a new technique for the simultaneous determination of thermal conductivity and specific heat between about 20 K and 450 K, is described. The experimental apparatus is outlined and the limitations and resulting accuracy discussed. Data obtained on several materials is presented and compared with reference values. The technique is particularly valuable for rapid scanning of new advanced materials.
Progress in type-I In(Al)GaAsSb/GaSb diode lasers with λ > 2.5mkm

Type-I InGaAsSb QW λ= 2.8μm diode lasers were developed. They output 40mW CW at 200C and more than 1W peak power Room temperature photoluminescence with λpeak > 3μm was measured from similar laser structures.
Valproate in the treatment of headache

Valproic acid is commercially available in the United States in three preparations: valproic acid, sodium valproate (Depakene syrup), and divalproex sodium (Depakote), an enteric-coated, stable coordination compound containing equal proportions of valproic acid and sodium valproate [1]. In this chapter the term valproate will be used for these formulations [2]. The amide of valproic acid, valpromide (Depamide), is available in Europe. Additionally, an extended-release form (Depakote-SR) has just become available; this should allow once-daily dosing and decrease peak related side-effects such as tremor and dyspepsia.
Prediction of Engineering Identity in Engineering Graduate Students

Contribution: This paper shows that identification with engineering for engineering graduate students is positively and significantly predicted by engineering interest, competence, recognition, and interpersonal skills competence. Background: Prior studies of engineering identity on undergraduates identified several factors (e.g., engineering interest and engineering recognition) as positive predictors of identification of engineering. Engineering competence, achieved by participating in design projects, is a crucial part of students’ efforts to become more innovative engineers. Identity theory is used to understand undergraduates’ persistence in engineering, as students with stronger engineering identification are more likely to persist. More work is needed focusing on graduate students. Research Questions: Do engineering identity measurement frameworks studied for undergraduate students also apply to graduate students? Do they correlate with intention to complete the degree? What predicts the engineering identity of engineering master’s and doctoral students? Methodology: Interviews informed development and adaptation of a multi-scale survey instrument. Factor analyses identified four factors that relate to graduate engineering identity: 1) engineering interest; 2) engineering recognition; 3) engineering competence; and 4) interpersonal skills competence. Three sequential multiple linear regression models were used to predict engineering graduate students’ engineering identity. Findings: The final regression model, which includes student characteristics and the four factors resulting from confirmatory factor analysis, predicts 60% of the variance in engineering identity—substantially more than similar undergraduate engineering identity models. All four factors were significant and positive predictors of graduate students’ engineering identity. The engineering recognition factor in particular needed adaptation to emphasize peers and faculty members over family, although family remained important.
Some Speculations and Extensions

In this final chapter, we go beyond the specific results of the research reported in earlier chapters. Public debate about the condition of our schools proceeds at a pace that exceeds the pace at which careful research can contribute knowledge, and it often makes little use of the knowledge that is available. Some of the research reported earlier in this book bears on this debate, as does other research that has accumulated in recent years. Accordingly, in this chapter we offer our speculations and best guesses about useful public policies that will affect education and the safety of America’s schools. As far as is possible, we will base these speculations and extensions on other recent research and on the research reported in earlier chapters.
Importance of Jahn-Teller Coupling in the Dissociative Recombination of H3+ by Low Energy Electrons

Dissociative recombination (DR) of the H 3 + ion, namely the process $$H_3^ + + {e^ - } \to {H_2} + H or H + H + H,$$ (1) has attracted extensive attention since the discovery of H 3 + in diffuse interstellar clouds.1 But despite significant experimental2,3 and theoretical4,5 progress, the mechanism of the Reaction (1) with slow electrons is still poorly understood. For one thing, there is no theoretical model compatible with the large rate constant of Reaction (1). For another, there is no consistent explanation of the fact that different experiments yield such different DR rates.
Impact of cow milk production on cow-calf performance in the Nebraska Sandhills.

Livestock producers have tended to select for increased output traits like milk production and growth to increase productivity. Even with the increased selection for greater calf growth potential, some regions in the United States have seen a plateau in calf body weight (BW) at weaning (Lalman et al., 2019). When focusing on reaching maximum potential of these output traits, it is important to consider the multitude of variables that affect a production system. With increased milk production, nutrient requirements for cows become increased (Ferrell and Jenkins, 1984; Montano-Bermudez et al., 1990), which may not be met if range and forage availability for grazing is already limited at meeting lactation demands. Historically, weaning weight and milk production have been associated with a positive relationship with greater milk production resulting in heavier calves at weaning (Clutter and Nielsen, 1987; Abdelsamei et al., 2005). In contrast, others have only observed the benefit of increased milk production improving calf performance within the first 60 d after birth (Clutter and Nielsen, 1987; Ansotegui et al, 1991; Edwards et al., 2017). Gleddie and Berg (1968) reported the correlation between average daily gain (ADG) of calves and milk yield estimates increased between the first and second month and continued to decrease thereafter as the forage consumption increased. The reliance on milk for dietary energy can result in increased calf BW at peak lactation (Edwards et al., 2017), but benefits of increased milk production may decrease as stage of lactation increases. Our hypothesis was that increasing milk production would negatively affect cow reproductive performance while having no effect on calf performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the impact milk production has on subsequent cow reproductive performance and calf performance throughout the preweaning and postweaning phases.
Microlattice Materials and Their Potential Application in Structural Dynamics and Acoustics

Theoretical and practical topics pertinent to digital design of microlattice materials are discussed, including metamaterials, fabrication techniques, test methods, and potential naval applications. Computational techniques are further discussed for analyzing such materials using the finite element method.
Finance Capitalism versus Industrial Capitalism: The Rentier Resurgence and Takeover:

Marx and many of his less radical contemporary reformers saw the historical role of industrial capitalism as being to clear away the legacy of feudalism—the landlords, bankers, and monopolists extr...
A simple and easy method for developing holding paths

ABSTRACT Interlibrary Loan Librarians are very busy, but taking time to develop a Holding Path is time well spent. A good Holding Path will save time, money, and speed up receiving requests. Developing a Holding Path with its Holding Groups is a relatively simple step by step process. One of the most important steps is the initial step of analyzing the library's borrowing activity in order to define the sets of lenders (Holding Groups) and making lists of libraries that fit in each group. Much of this information is available in already compiled lists of free libraries, reciprocal agreements, and low charging libraries that every ILL department uses. It is easy to add, delete, or change any aspect of a Holding Path once it is created.
Reliability of the Bacterial Luminescence Assay for Determination of the Toxicity of Pure Compounds and Complex Effluents

The bacterial luminescence toxicity assay has been under development for 2 years. The assay procedure has been significantly improved in that five dilutions of a toxicant or effluent can be assayed simultaneously along with a control. A median effective concentration (EC 5 0 ) can be generated 30 min after sample collection. The reproducibility of the assay using sodium lauryl sulfate as a standard displayed a coefficient of variation of 15 to 20 percent. The data presented compare Microtox EC 5 0 data for pure compounds and literature data on median lethal concentrations (LC 5 0 ) for fish. In addition, over 50 complex effluent samples were assayed with Microtox. These same samples were assayed simultaneously using standard fish testing procedures. The data show that a good correlation exists between the bacterial luminescence assay and conventional testing procedures.
Damping of subsynchronous resonance involving Type-III wind turbines

This paper examines different methods to damp subsynchronous resonance between Type-III wind turbines and weak grids with series compensation. The basis for the evaluation is the new analytical impedance models of the turbine generator and power converter, as well as the impedance-based stability theory. The focus will be active damping of SSR through control of the converters. Damping by inserting passive components will also be examined and be shown to be impractical. The proposed active damping methods use local measurements, require no additional hardware, and can be easy designed based on the impedance models. Real-time simulation is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and their transient behavior under different operation conditions.
Cognition-Based Versus Affect-Based Trust Determinants in E-Commerce: Cross-Cultural Comparison Study.

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of culture on the trust determinants in e-commerce. Adopting two broad trust building foundations (cognition-based and affect-based trust) from cross-culture literature and focusing on well-established cultural constructs as groups of culture, this study develops a theoretical model of cognition-based versus affect-based e-vendor trust, and empirically tests the model using cross-cultural data. The results show that cognition-based trust determinants are more positively related to consumer trust in evendor in an individualist culture than in a collectivist culture. Affect-based trust determinants are more positively related to consumer trust in e-vendor in a collectivist culture than in an individualist culture. Limitation and implications for practice are also discussed.
OF MICE AND MOISTURE: Rats, Witches, Miasma, and Early Modern Theories of Contagion

A common assumption in scholarship on the plague is that early moderns failed to appreciate any etiological relationship between rats and disease. This assumption is complicated when plague is regarded as an instance of biblical "pestilence," an unstable term that can and does include famine, corrupted air, murrains, crop failures, and swarming animals. Within this theologically driven context, rats function in two ways: culturally, as mirrors of lustful, soulless, gluttonous, forever-multiplying human beings; naturally, as agents of famine, as symptoms of putrified air, or as warm-blooded disease vectors. In their obscure origins and in their ability to inflict harm on the human population both directly and indirectly, rodents bear an analogous and even homologous relationship to witches who, as King James puts it in his Demonology, are "like the Pest" (50). This essay explores the connection between rats and witches in several key texts to demonstrate how distinctions between the natural and supernatural essential to nineteenth-century germ theory were in the process of being defined during the early modern period.
Association of reimbursement policy and urologists׳ characteristics with the use of medical androgen deprivation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer

Abstract Objectives Physician characteristics and changes in drug reimbursement rates have been shown to influence practice patterns regardless of clinical guidelines, patient, clinical, or sociodemographic factors. We concurrently examined the association between urologists׳ characteristics and non–evidence-based use of primary medical androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for clinically localized patients with prostate cancer, before and after the 2003 Medicare Modernization Act׳s reductions in ADT reimbursement rates. Methods and materials The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare–linked database and the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile are used in a retrospective analysis of 12,255 patients diagnosed between 2001 and 2007 with clinical stage T1-T2, low- to intermediate-grade prostate cancer, and the 1,863 urologists who treated them. Logistic multilevel regression analyses are used to evaluate the association of urologists׳ characteristics on ADT use among patients within 6 months of diagnosis. Results Overall, 3,866 (32%) patients received non–evidence-based ADT. After adjusting for patient and urologist characteristics, patients treated by urologists with no medical school affiliations, compared with those treated by urologists with major medical school affiliations, are significantly more likely to receive non–evidence-based medical ADT (odds ratio = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.71–3.23; P P Conclusions Patients treated by non–medical school–affiliated or non–US-trained urologists or both are significantly more likely to receive non–evidence-based ADT before and after the passage of the Medicare Modernization Act. Better strategies to encourage evidence-based ADT use on clinically localized patients with prostate cancer may be of benefit especially among non–medical school–affiliated or non–US-trained urologists or both.
Near optimal solutions navigator

Sometimes, "optimal" solutions fail to meet operational objectives. Nevertheless, we expect that the operationally optimal solution lies near the algorithmically optimal solution. Various algorithms can be used to generate near optimal, alternative solutions, but there are significant challenges In displaying the multiple solutions to the decision maker, and to provide the additional Information necessary for the decision maker to understand the differences between solutions and make an Informed decision. We show that in the bioinformatics domain of aligning protein/DNA sequences, a small set of near-optimal alignments are closer to the biologically known alignment than the optimal solution returned by the sequence alignment algorithms. Thus, we have developed a system for generating, viewing and comparing solutions among a set of near-optimal alternatives.
Physicochemical properties of bovine mammary fatty acid synthetase.

Abstract Fatty acid synthetase from lactating bovine mammary gland has an s020, w of 13.5 and a molecular weight of 530,000 as determined by sedimentation equilibrium. This enzyme is not cold-labile and can be stored at 4° with little loss in enzyme activity for up to 2 weeks in 0.25 m potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, containing 1.0 mm dithiothreitol in an atmosphere of N2. At room temperature the activity was lost in 3 days. In Tris (10mm)-glycine (35 mm) buffer, pH 8.45, the enzyme dissociated completely in about 27 hours into obviously nonidentical, but inseparable 9 S subunits with molecular weights of 220,000 with a loss of most of the fatty acid synthetase and crotonyl-CoA reductase activities. On filtration of these subunits through Sephadex G-50, equilibrated with 0.25 m potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.8, containing 10-3 m dithiothreitol, they reassociated with partial recovery of both fatty acid synthetic and crotonyl-CoA reductase activities. Prolonged dialysis of the enzyme against Tris buffer resulted in the loss of both activities completely. The ressociation, as judged by the recovery of the two activities of the enzyme, then took 14 to 19 days to be accomplished. The various size-shape parameters are consistent with a model in which the two half-molecular rod-shaped subcomplexes are held together in the native enzyme complex head to head with the catalytic sites of all the constitutive enzymes of the complex juxtaposed near each other. The crotonyl-CoA reductase activity is also believed to occur at a nearby site as the structural integrity of the native enzyme complex is essential for this activity also.