cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the temperature dependence of mineral dissolution rates

Experimental activation energies (Eexp) for the dissolution rates of silicate and oxide minerals far from equilibrium vary by tens of kJ/mol with pH. Measured Eexprange from larger than 50 kJ/mol at pH conditions much more acidic or more basic than at the Point of Zero Net Proton Charge (PZNPC) to very small values near, but not necessarily at, the PZNPC. We interpret this pH variation by combining an empirical rate law for dissolution with a conditional equilibrium constant for proton adsorption to form positive surface charge. Interactions among charged sites at the mineral surface are treated with an electrostatic potential term in the conditional equilibrium constant. Proton adsorption (desorption) to create positive (negative) surface charge is exothermic (endothermic) and contributes 15–50 kJ/mol to Eexp; this contribution depends on the mole fraction of charged surface sites and, therefore, varies slightly with pH. The electrostatic potential contribution becomes increasingly important as the mineral surface acquires significant positive or negative charge; it therefore varies considerably with pH. This model approach not only explains the pH dependence of Eexp but also leads to the following important general predictions: 1. 1) Eexpwill vary similarly with pH for minerals which differ by homovalent cation substitutions; 2. 2) negative Eexp values can conceivably occur since Eexpis the sum of enthalpies of similar magnitude but opposite sign; 3. 3) Eexpdepends linearly on the partial reaction rate order with respect to the concentration of charged sites; 4. 4) dissolution rates will become increasingly sensitive to pH at elevated temperatures; and 5. 5) little information about the detailed energetics of bond hydrolysis in dissolution processes can be inferred from Eexpwithout correcting it for the large enthalpies of proton adsorption.
Estimation of Heat Capacity of Boiling of Organic Compounds

The aim of this study is to develop a widely applicable model for predicting the heat-capacity change associated with boiling at atmospheric pressure (ΔCpb) of organic compounds. A semiempirical model is generated utilizing a flexibility index (τ) and a hydrogen-bonding parameter. This model is based upon experimental apparent ΔCpb values of 619 organic compounds. The average absolute error for the estimation is 7.1 J/K mol. The proposed model quantitatively establishes the impact of flexibility and hydrogen bonding on the apparent ΔCpb. It is shown to be more accurate when compared to some of the previously described methods.
Relationship of depression, anxiety, and social isolation to chronic heart failure outpatient mortality

Objectives The Psychosocial Factors Outcome Study (PFOS) investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and the relationship of psychosocial factors to mortality in outpatients with heart failure (HF). Background Considerable evidence links psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease mortality and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The contribution of psychosocial factors independent of disease severity to HF outpatient mortality is not well elucidated. Methods Patients (N = 153) from 20 Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) sites participated in the PFOS. SCD-HeFT provided demographic, medical history, and cardiac data. Participants completed questionnaires to assess psychosocial status at PFOS entry. Results Depression and anxiety were common in HF outpatients (36% Beck Depression Inventory-II ≥13; 45% State Trait Anxiety Inventory ≥40). Depression, anxiety, and social support amount did not differ in the SCD-HeFT treatment groups: implantable cardioverter defibrillator, amiodarone, and placebo medication. Fifteen (9.8%) patients died during mean follow-up at 23.6 months (SD = 8.2). In Cox regression controlling for treatment, depression, anxiety, and social isolation separately predicted mortality; perceived HF-specific functional status did not. Depression (ln) [ P = .04, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.81] and social isolation ( P = .04, HR=2.25), but not anxiety, predicted mortality independent of demographics, clinical predictors, and treatment. When simultaneously including significant demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors and treatment groups, depression (ln) ( P = .022, HR=2.2) and social isolation ( P = .094, HR=1.75) predicted mortality. All-cause mortality was 12% for depressed patients and 9% for others. Conclusion This study finds a high prevalence of anxiety and confirms the high prevalence of depression in the HF outpatient population. Depression and social isolation predicted mortality independent of demographic and clinical status in HF outpatients.
Metal-insulator transition characteristics of VO2 thin films grown on Ge(100) single crystals

Phase transitions exhibited by correlated oxides could be of potential relevance to the emerging field of oxide electronics. We report on the synthesis of high-quality VO2 thin films grown on single crystal Ge(100) substrates by physical vapor deposition and their metal-insulator transition (MIT) properties. Thermally triggered MIT is demonstrated with nearly three orders of magnitude resistance change across the MIT with transition temperatures of 67 °C (heating) and 61 °C (cooling). Voltage-triggered hysteretic MIT is observed at room temperature at threshold voltage of ∼2.1 V for ∼100 nm thickness VO2 films. Activation energies for electron transport in the insulating and conducting states are obtained from variable temperature resistance measurements. We further compare the properties of VO2 thin films grown under identical conditions on Si(100) single crystals. The VO2 thin films grown on Ge substrate show higher degree of crystallinity, slightly reduced compressive strain, larger resistance change a...
Eddy-mean flow interaction in the decadally modulating Kuroshio Extension system

Abstract Satellite altimeter sea-surface height (SSH) data of the past 16 years are used to investigate the decadal changes of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) system that oscillated between a stable and an unstable dynamic state. During the stable state of 10/1992–06/1995 and 01/2002–12/2004, the KE jet was intense and had a northerly zonal mean path and a well-defined southern recirculation gyre. During the unstable state of 07/1995–12/2001 and 01/2005–present, the KE jet had a reduced eastward transport and a more southerly flow path. Transitions between the two dynamic states are caused by the basin-scale wind-stress curl forcing in the eastern North Pacific related to the Pacific decadal oscillations (PDOs) or the North Pacific Gyre Oscillations (NPGOs). During the positive PDO (or negative NPGO) phase, the intensified Aleutian Low generates negative SSH anomalies in the eastern North Pacific through Ekman divergence. As these wind-induced negative SSH anomalies propagate to the west as baroclinic Rossby waves, they weaken the zonal KE jet and shift its path southward. As its path is pushed southward ( ∼ 32 ∘ N ) , the deep-reaching KE jet has to ride over the shallow Shatsky Rise, generating localized disturbances that lead to their subsequent development along the KE jet west of the Shatsky Rise. The sequence opposite to that listed above occurs when the PDO (NPGO) changes to its negative (positive) phase. After the KE system transitions from a stable to unstable state, the enhanced eddy interaction is found to strengthen both the southern recirculation gyre and quasi-stationary meanders along the KE's upstream path. This nonlinear eddy interaction is important in determining the amplitude of the observed decadal KE variability.
Measurement of concentration fluctuations with an electrical conductivity probe

An electrical conductivity probe capable of measuring liquid phase concentration fluctuations occurring at frequencies up to 8 kc. is described. The design permits concentration measurements in volume elements of the order of 3 × 10−5 cc. The probe was applied successfully to the measurement of turbulent concentration fluctuations.
Hands-On History for Local Youth and University Students

Community involvement was a critical feature that we emphasized in the Central Avenue Project. This aspect of public heritage programming, and applied anthropology in general, is based on interrelated concerns with legitimacy and accuracy in representation and collaboration as a core value. Another goal of the project was to engage young people from the surrounding neighborhoods in learning about and helping to present the history that their parents and grandparents had lived and created. In this regard, we followed examples in similar projects done by Steve Barlow in Memphis (Ghostwriters: Connecting in an Inner City Neighborhood. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Anthropological Society, Baton Rouge, LA. 1996) and Evelyn Philips in St Petersburg (An Ethnohistorical Analysis of the Political Economy of Ethnicity among African Americans in St. Petersburg Florida. Doctoral Dissertation. University of South Florida, 1994).
STEM-based mass spectroscopy of supported Re clusters

Abstract Annular dark-field imaging in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is known to enhance contrast of small supported particles of heavy elements. At high scattering angles (∼ 100 mrad), this imaging technique can be used quantitatively to measure absolute particle size by comparing measured and theoretical elastic scattering cross-sections. Here, we report quantitative size measurement of small rhenium particles supported on thin graphite films. Statistical measurement of absolute cross-sections of prepared Re-6 clusters show good agreement with theoretical cross-sections, within a ±2 atom random experimental error. This is the first report of such measurements using angles sufficiently high that coherent effects can be neglected. Our experiments confirm the exceptional stability of the Re-6 organometallic compound relative to other compounds with 7, and 8-Re atoms. Details of the high angle annular dark-field STEM experiments are presented including image processing/analysis, annular dark-field detector calibration, and sources of error in the absolute intensity measurements. We discuss the future possibility of individual atomic sensititity.
Scattered Hermite interpolation using radial basis functions

Abstract We study the scattered Hermite interpolation problem and find several classes of radial basis functions, including the multiquadrics, which may be implemented for this interpolation scheme.
Cell-Free Protein Synthesis: Effects of Age and State of Ribosomal Aggregation

In cell-free extracts derived from Streptococcus faecalis, protein synthesis directed by endogenous messenger RNA increases as the culture ages. The increased activity is accompanied by an increase in the percentage of membranebound ribosomes and by a decrease in ribosomal monomers and subunits. These changes progress against a background of structural and compositional modifications in the membrane. Membrane modifications possibly related to endogenously directed protein synthesis in cell-free extracts include: (i) decreased specific activity of a membrane-associated polynucleotide phosphorylase capable of polysome degradation, and (ii) increased concentrations of certain phospholipids.
Weighted Polynomial Approximation for Convex External Fields

It is proven that if Q is convex and w(x)= exp(-Q(x)) is the corresponding weight, then every continuous function that vanishes outside the support of the extremal measure associated with w can be uniformly approximated by weighted polynomials of the form w n P n . This solves a problem of P. Borwein and E. B. Saff. Actually, a similar result is true locally for any parts of the extremal support where Q is convex.
Can fly-ash extend bentonite binder for iron ore agglomeration?

There is great incentive to reduce bentonite use in iron ore pelletization by improving its effectiveness. In order to make bentonite more effective, it is necessary to understand the actual binding mechanisms so that they can be properly taken advantage of. Bentonite use could also be reduced by replacing bentonite with even lower-cost binders, such as high-carbon fly-ash based binder (FBB). While FBBs can be used alone as binders, it was considered possible that mixtures of FBB and bentonite could exhibit superior binding properties. In this study, it was found that bentonite bonds by a physical mechanism, while FBB bonds by a chemical mechanism. These mechanisms were determined to be incompatible. Mixtures of the two binders resulted in reduced dry magnetite concentrate pellet compressive strengths below the industrially acceptable value of 22 N (5 lbf). Activators and accelerators, which were necessary components of the FBB, deactivated the bentonite. The compatibilities and mechanisms of the two binders are explained in this paper. The classical theory of the binding mechanism of bentonite binder is challenged by the bentonite fiber mechanism that was recently identified by the authors.
Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer phenotype: does dose matter?

Duration and type of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) has been associated with increased breast cancer risk and the development of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors. The effect of HT dose on breast cancer tumor characteristics remains undefined. We sought to determine if HT dosing regimens influence breast cancer phenotype. We conducted a retrospective review of incident female breast cancers occurring in the year 2003 listed in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Cancer Registry. Type of HT, dose, number of tablets dispensed, tumor phenotype, stage, grade, and histology were obtained from electronic records for women aged ≥50 years who had more than 1 year of uninterrupted pharmacy data (n = 1701). A dose index of HT exposure was created and odds ratios were used to determine if tumor phenotype varied between exposure groups. These results were compared with a previously published analysis of HT duration on tumor phenotype conducted with the same dataset. The cumulative effect of estrogen and progesterone hormone therapy as calculated by factoring both dose and duration of HT use prior to breast cancer diagnosis did not reveal any new associations that were not previously identified by analysis of HT duration of exposure alone. Low-dose-index combination-HT users were less likely to have tumors with an ER-positive phenotype. An overall trend developed in which low- and high-dose-index exposed women had the lowest rates of ER- and progesterone receptor (PR) -positive tumors. Duration of use is an adequate surrogate for determining overall exposure to HT when considering the effect of HT on breast cancer phenotype.
Spectroscopic detection of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide.

A number of features have been identified as absorption lines of hydrogen cyanide in infrared spectra of stratospheric absorption obtained from a high-altitude aircraft. Column amounts of stratospheric hydrogen cyanide have been derived from spectra recorded on eight flights. The average vertical column amount above 12 kilometers is 7.1 + or - 0.8 x 10 to the 14th molecules per square centimeter, corresponding to an average mixing ratio of 170 parts per trillion by volume.
Human Tyk2 Kinase Deficiency: Another Primary Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Janus kinases are critical for cytokine signaling. Mutations of Jak3 cause primary immunodeficiency, but Minegishi et al. (2006) now show that mutation of another Jak, tyrosine kinase 2, underlies another human immunodeficiency syndrome.
Kinetic solvent isotope effect in steady-state turnover by CYP19A1 suggests involvement of Compound 1 for both hydroxylation and aromatization steps

CYP19A1, or human aromatase catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in a three-step reaction through the formation of 19-hydroxy and 19-aldehyde intermediates. While the first two steps of hydroxylation are thought to proceed through a high-valent iron-oxo species, controversy exists surrounding the identity of the reaction intermediate that catalyzes the lyase and aromatization reaction. We investigated the kinetic isotope effect on the steady-state turnover of Nanodisc-incorporated human CYP19A1 to explore the mechanisms of this reaction. Our experiments reveal a significant (∼2.5) kinetic solvent isotope effect for the C10–C19 lyase reaction, similar to that of the first two hydroxylation steps (2.7 and 1.2). These data implicate the involvement of Compound 1 as a reactive intermediate in the final aromatization step of CYP19A1.
Begonia lyman-smithii (Begoniaceae), a new species from Oaxaca, Mexico

Begonia (sect.Gireoudia)lyman-smithii is described and illustrated, and its relationships are discussed.
Do Gleason patterns 3 and 4 prostate cancer represent separate disease states

Purpose: The Gleason scoring system has been the traditional basis for studies on the assessment and treatment of prostate cancer. Recent reports of long-term prostate cancer outcomes stratified by Gleason score based on the 2005 ISUP (International Society of Urological Pathology) update suggest that important aspects of the biology of prostate cancer correlate with commonly available histopathological information. In this review we present a conceptual framework for the possible existence of distinct but interrelated developmental pathways in the context of the Gleason score in considering various biological and clinical aspects of prostate cancer. This may be useful in characterizing prostate cancer as an indolent condition in some and an aggressive disease in others, in decision making for treatment, and in the interpretation of the biological course and treatment outcomes.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of clinical, pathological and investigational biological literature on this topic wa...
New Estimate of Annual Poleward Energy Transport by Northern Hemisphere Oceans

Abstract Recent measurements of the earth's radiation budget from satellites, together with extensive atmospheric energy transport summaries based on rawinsonde data, allow a new estimate of the required poleward energy transport by Northern Hemisphere oceans for the mean annual case. In the region of maximum net northward energy transport (30–35N), the oceans transport 47% of the required energy (1.7×1022 cal year−1). At 20N, the peak ocean transport accounts for 74% at that latitude; for the region 0–70N the ocean contribution averages 40%.
Enzymic synthesis of a diamino sugar nucleotide by extracts of type XIV Diplococcus pneumoniae

We previously reported that incubation of the appropriat’e sugar nucleotides with extracts obtained from Type XIV Diplococcus pneumoniae resulted in the formabion of glycolipids and serologically active polysaccharides (1, 2). During the course of these studies, we observed the formation of an unusual sugar nucleotide when the extracts were incubated with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. As shown below, the new nucleotide is UDP-2-acetamido-4 amino-2,4,6-trideoxyhexose. The extras the unusual amino sugar was a component of a polysaccharide produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis. The amino sugar, called bacillosamine, was obtained as the 4-N-acetyl derivative after acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide. Recently, Zehavi and Sharon (5) have identified bacillosamine as 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-L-altrose. Whether bacillosamine is identical to, or a diastereoisomer of the amino sugar reported below has not yet been established. Two enzyme fract’ions were required for the synthesis of the UDP derivative of the diamino sugar. They catalyzed the following reactions:
Theories of chronic pain: How to proceed

Summary Of the comprehensive theories reviewed, gate control theory provides the most parsimonious, scientifically supported, and testable structure (i.e., one of integration). Although the fully reciprocal structure posited by both operant-behavioral and cognitive-behavioral perspectives is less parsimonious and also problematic empirically without the imposition of further constraints, these theories also are tenable. A procedural plan was presented for bringing the posited network of gate control in comparison with a testable, empirically supported representation of operant-behavioral and cognitive-behavioral perspectives. Execution of this plan would initiate the implicit structural descriptions of theories of chronic pain into an empirical realm that would lead the progression doser to tightening the frameworks for improved conceptualization, measurement, and treatment of chronic pain.
Racial Differences in the Prevalence of Dementia Among Patients Admitted to Nursing Homes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of dementia among black and white residents on admission to nursing homes and to determine whether demographic and health characteristics known to be associated with dementia were correlated with dementia in this population. METHODS: Data from medical records and structured interviews with family members, nursing staff, and nursing home residents were gathered for 2,285 persons newly admitted to nursing homes in Maryland from 1992 to 1995. A stratified sample of 59 nursing homes was used. An expert panel of five physicians classified each resident as demented, nondemented, or indeterminate. Associations between dementia status, race, and selected characteristics were examined. RESULTS: Black residents (77 percent) were significantly more likely than white residents (57 percent) to be classified as demented. Older age was associated with dementia in both races. Less education, male gender, and a history of a cerebrovascular accident were ...
Voices of women in a software engineering course: reflections on collaboration

Those science, mathematics, and engineering faculty who are serious about making the education they offer as available to their daughters as to their sons are, we posit, facing the prospect of dismantling a large part of its traditional pedagogical structure, along with the assumptions and practice which support it. [Seymour and Hewett 1997].Prior research indicates that female students can be concerned about the insularity of working alone for long periods of time, as they perceive to be the case with computer science and information technology careers. We studied an advanced undergraduate software engineering course at North Carolina State University to characterize the potential of collaborative learning environments created via pair-programming and agile software development to ameliorate this concern. A collective case study of three representative women in the course revealed that they held the following four themes in common: working with others; productivity; confidence; and interest in IT careers. Three conjectures concerning collaboration emerged from our study, including the importance of face-to-face meetings, an increased confidence among women based on product quality, and a reduction in the amount of time spent on assignments. While our findings are not generalized to early undergraduate courses, the young women we studied were at a critical junction in deciding whether to pursue a career in IT upon their near-term graduation. Additionally, we propose a model for future testing with both males and females that connects these three factors with an increased interest in IT careers.
Insights into Biodegradation Through Depth-Resolved Microbial Community Functional and Structural Profiling of a Crude-Oil Contaminant Plume

Small-scale geochemical gradients are a key feature of aquifer contaminant plumes, highlighting the need for functional and structural profiling of corresponding microbial communities on a similar scale. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbial functional and structural diversity with depth across representative redox zones of a hydrocarbon plume and an adjacent wetland, at the Bemidji Oil Spill site. A combination of quantitative PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and pyrosequencing were applied to vertically sampled sediment cores. Levels of the methanogenic marker gene, methyl coenzyme-M reductase A (mcrA), increased with depth near the oil body center, but were variable with depth further downgradient. Benzoate degradation N (bzdN) hydrocarbon-degradation gene, common to facultatively anaerobic Azoarcus spp., was found at all locations, but was highest near the oil body center. Microbial community structural differences were observed across sediment cores, and bacterial classes containing known hydrocarbon degraders were found to be low in relative abundance. Depth-resolved functional and structural profiling revealed the strongest gradients in the iron-reducing zone, displaying the greatest variability with depth. This study provides important insight into biogeochemical characteristics in different regions of contaminant plumes, which will aid in improving models of contaminant fate and natural attenuation rates.
Glial ensheathment of GnRH neurons in pubertal female rhesus macaques.

During the period of development, prior to full sexual maturity, gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons are fully capable of synthesizing and processing the GnRH decapeptide. Nonetheless, the secretion of the hormone is not adequate to stimulate adult patterns of gonadotropin release. The present study was undertaken to examine ultrastructural characteristics of the GnRH neuron and its relationship to its environment in early- midpubertal female rhesus monkey. These neurons bore all the ultrastructural immunocytochemical characteristics of those in mature animals, but quantitative morphometrics revealed that they were extensively apposed by glial processes. Such ensheathment was described earlier in ovariectomized adult animals and was found to be reversible by administration of gonadal steroids. The density of synaptic input to GnRH neurons in the pubertal animals did not differ significantly from that of adult intact or ovariectomized animals from a previous study. Chemical identification will be required to determine whether there are age or hormonal differences in the innervation of these neurons. These results provide anatomical evidence in support of indications from other studies that the ovarian steroidal milieu affects GnRH-glial relationships. Further testing will be required to determine whether the attainment of sexual maturity in the female rhesus macaque is dependent upon a reduction in glial ensheathment of GnRH neurons.
Cell cycle regulation of the glyceraldehyde3phosphate dehydrogenaseluracil DNA glycosylase gene in normal human cells

Abstract The cell cycle regulation of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)/uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) gene was examined in normal human cells. Steady state RNA levels were monitored by Northern blot analysis using a plasmid (pChug 20.1) which contained the 1.3 kb GAPDH/UDG cDNA. The biosynthesis of the 37 kDa GAPDH/UDG protein was determined using an anti-human placental GAPDH/UDG monoclonal antibody to immunoprecipitate the radiolabeled protein. Increases in steady state GAPDH/UDG mRNA levels were cell cycle specific. A biphasic pattern was observed resulting in a 19-fold increase in the amount of GAPDH/UDG mRNA. The biosynthesis of the 37 kDa GAPDH/UDG protein displayed a similar biphasic regulation with a 7-fold increase. Pulse-chase experiments revealed a remarkably short half life of less than 1 hr. for the newly synthesized 37 kDa protein, comparable to that previously documented for a number of oncogenes. GAPDH/UDG mRNA levels were markedly reduced at 24 hr. when DNA synthesis was maximal. These results define the GAPDH/UDG gene as cell cycle regulated with a characteristic temporal sequence of expression in relation to DNA synthesis. The cell cycle synthesis of a labile 37 kDa monomer suggests a possible regulatory function for this multidimensional protein. Further, modulation of the GAPDH/UDG gene in the cell cycle may preclude its use as a reporter gene when the proliferative state of the cell is not kept constant.
SELECTION, ADJUNCTION, AND CONCORD IN THE DP

. In this paper I provide an account of morphological concord within the noun phrase, based largely on data from the Scandinavian languages. I adopt several proposals from the HPSG framework of Pollard & Sag 1993 (henceforth P & S), mainly certain formal mechanisms for ensuring that two nodes in a tree share feature specifications. I integrate with those proposals the DP hypothesis (Hellan 1985, Abney 1987). The combination of the DP hypothesis with the HPSG concept of structure-sharing yields a very simple and effective treatment for concord effects without recourse to abstract movement, ad-hoc functional heads, or vaguely defined ‘agreement’ relations holding between arbitrarily determined structural positions.*
Fast wavelet transforms and numerical algorithms I

A class of algorithms is introduced for the rapid numerical application of a class of linear operators to arbitrary vectors. Previously published schemes of this type utilize detailed analytical information about the operators being applied and are specific to extremely narrow classes of matrices. In contrast, the methods presented here are based on the recently developed theory of wavelets and are applicable to all Calderon-Zygmund and pseudo-differential operators. The algorithms of this paper require order O(N) or O(N log N) operations to apply an N × N matrix to a vector (depending on the particular operator and the version of the algorithm being used), and our numerical experiments indicate that many previously intractable problems become manageable with the techniques presented here.
Scheduling semiconductor wafer fabrication

The impact that scheduling can have on the performance of semi-conductor wafer fabrication facilities is assessed. The performance measure considered is the mean throughput time (sometimes called cycle time, turnaround time or manufacturing interval) for a lot of wafers. A variety of input control and sequencing rules are evaluated using a simulation model of a representative, but fictitious, semiconductor wafer fabrication. Certain of these scheduling rules are derived by restricting attention to the sub-set of stations that are heavily utilized, and by using a Brownian network model, which approximates a multi-class queuing network model with dynamic control capability. Three versions of the wafer fabrication model, which differ only by the number of servers present at particular stations, are studied. The three versions have one, two, and four stations, respectively, that are heavily utilized (near 90% utilization). The simulation results indicate that scheduling has a significant impact on average throughput time, with larger improvements coming from discretionary imput control than from lot sequencing. The effects that specific sequencing rules have are highly dependent on both the type of input control used and the number of bottleneck stations in the fabrication. >
Flourometry of Poultry Semen: Influence of Dilution and Storage on Chicken Spermatozoal Viability and Fertility

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to measure the effects of semen dilution and storage time (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 h) at 22 C on spermatozoal viability (i.e., membrane permeability to ethidium bromide) and to determine the relationship between concentration of viable spermatozoa inseminated (25, 50, 100, and 200 × 106) and fertility. In Experiment 1, percentages of dead spermatozoa remained relatively constant during the 4-h postcollection period but increased significantly (P
Graphic Symbol and Speech Training of Young Children With Down Syndrome: Some Preliminary Findings

This study examined the effects of five treatment conditions on the abilities of 11 preschool children with Down Syndrome to learn and use five new words/graphic symbols (Rebus or modified Bliss symbols). Treatment conditions included Speech and Language Training Only, Nonspeech Communication Training Only (Rebus or Bliss) and Speech and Language Training Combined with Nonspeech Communication Training (Rebus or Bliss). Subjects were seen for 12 individual sessions, the focus of which was training comprehension and spontaneous expressive use of the wordsl symbols. Pre- and post-treatment measures were obtained for training and nontraining words on the comprehension and expression tasks. Although no significant overall treatment effect was found for either task when pre-and post-treatment comparisons were made, there was a significant increase in comprehension scores for the subjects as a group. Analyses of the data from the treatment sessions revealed a significant decrease in the number of prompts require...
A Commentary on Information Manipulation Theory 2: Its Place in Deception Research and Suggestions for Elaboration

Information Manipulation Theory 2 is a powerful, expansive account of deception, drawing on several models and theories, with potential to revolutionize how deception is understood and researched. ...
Discours alternatifs du voile dans l’art contemporain

Le voile musulman demeure un sujet contentieux dans les courants dominants de la culture occidentale et ses medias. Son usage metonymique qui en fait une abreviation visuelle de la musulmane opprimee, et par extension de la misogynie ou de la violence de l’islam, s’oppose de facon nette aux nombreuses illustrations du voile dans la pratique artistique contemporaine des artistes d’origine musulmane qui aujourd’hui exposent et souvent vivent en Europe ou en Amerique du Nord. Cet article se penche d’abord sur cette divergence et sur ses significations sous-jacentes, pour ensuite dessiner trois discours alternatifs du voile que l’on retrouve dans l’art contemporain. Les oeuvres precises analysees et les nouveaux discours sur le voile qu’elles proposent reorientent le regard ; en deplacant le voile, qui est un site qui tend a etre mal traduit, ces discours reconfigurent le monde, et devoilent des espaces possibles de communication et d’interactions transnationales.
Synthesis and characterization of bioresorbable in situ crosslinkable ultra low molecular weight poly(lactide) macromer

Reactive low molecular weight poly(l-latide) (PLA) is required to produce in situ hardened scaffolds with fast rate of crosslinking, high crosslink density, and adequate mechanical strength. The objective of this work was to synthesize unsaturated ultra low moelcular weight PLA (ULMW PLA) as an injectable in situ crosslinkable macromer for biomedical applications. Low molecular weight PLA was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of l-lactide (LA) using diethylene glycol (DEG) as the initiator. The molar ratio of the LA to DEG ranged from 5 to 20. Non-solvents methanol, ether, and hexane were used for purification and fractionation. The PLA samples that were precipitated in methanol and ether had narrow distributions (PDI = 1.2) and resulted in a powder with Mn of 4.8 and a wax with Mn of 3.6 kDa, respectively. The PLA sample in which the supernatant from ether was re-precipitated in hexane produced a viscous ULMW PLA with Mn and PDI of 1.2 kDa and 1.2, respectively. The ULMW PLA was reacted with fumaryl chloride to produce unsaturated in situ crosslinkable poly(lactide fumarate) (PLAF) macromer. Porous scaffolds were produced after injection and in situ crosslinking of the PLAF macromer with NVP crosslinker in the presence of a porogen. New bone was formed in the scaffold when it was implanted in nude mice which demonstrated that the scaffold was osteoconductive. PLAF is potentially useful as a reactive macromer in fabrication of bioresorbable injectable in situ crosslinkable scaffolds for tissue regeneration.
Suspected Metastatic Coccygeal Chordoma in a Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo)

A chordoma was removed from the tail base of a 6.5-year-old ferret (Mustela putorius furo). A nodule was observed in the area of tumor development when the ferret was purchased at 3 months of age. Although the nodule did not enlarge for 2 years, slow, steady growth of the tumor was observed for 4 years before surgical removal. Eight months after removal of the chordoma, the ferret developed 2 cutaneous masses. One was adjacent to the vulva, close to where the chordoma had been removed from, whereas the other was in the nasofacial region. After 4 months of slow growth, both masses were removed and both were histologically and immunohistochemically consistent with chordoma. Over the next 8 weeks, additional masses developed in the facial, maxillary gingival, and scapular regions. Enlargement of the gingival mass caused dysphagia, and the ferret was euthanized. Although a necropsy was not performed, these additional masses had a clinical appearance and texture that was similar to the 2 previously removed cutaneous chordomas. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a ferret coccygeal chordoma that developed close to the base of the tail. Ferret chordomas have been reported previously to metastasize to the subcutis overlying the tumor. However, this is the first report of a ferret chordoma that metastasized to a location distant to the primary site of neoplasm development. Cell proliferation indices did not predict this metastatic behavior. It is hypothesized that the long clinical period before removal may have predisposed this neoplasm to metastasis. Observations from this case suggest that chordomas in ferrets may have metastatic potential and so should be removed promptly.
U.S. Taxation Of The Value Of Executive Services Performed For Multinational Joint Ventures

Domestic U. S. businesses forming a joint venture with a commonly-controlled foreign affiliates need always to take into account transfer pricing rules, whereby any income, deductions, or credits or one may be reallocated from one of the businesses to the other. This problem provides special concerns with regards to compensation for executive services, where calculation of an arm’s length amount is more difficult, and where other contractual rights may have an impact on the determination of the arm’s length amount. The concept of transfer pricing rules with regard to services was first addressed in 1968 regulations, after which there were temporary regulations in 2003 that were finalized in 2009. However, there are still many issues that have not been addressed, that will need to be resolved in a future set of regulations.
Acute Toxicity of Aflatoxin B 1 in Wethers

THE original objective of this study was the preparation of milligram quantities of aflatoxin M1. Holzapfel et al.1 and Masri et al.2 had collected sufficient quantities of the toxin from the urine of sheep which had eaten food containing aflatoxin B1 for structural studies. We administered an exploratory dose of 4 mg of aflatoxin B1/kg, a conservative value compared with a reported single dose LD50 of approximately 500 mg/kg (ref. 3). This was lethal to our wether. In subsequent correspondence Purchase advised that an (intraperitoneal) dose of 2 mg/kg had killed a Merino sheep, and Masri noted that a repeated oral dose of 0.38 mg/kg per day for seven days was lethal to both a Hampshire ewe and a crossbred western whiteface wether. If the toxin is to be given over a period of time, a sublethal dose must be used. We undertook a toxicological study to satisfy this requirement and now report the results of our LD50 study.
Quandaries of a decade-long restoration experiment trying to reduce invasive species: Beat them, join them, give up, or start over?

We evaluate the outcomes and consequences of a decade-long restoration project in a Hawaiian lowland wet forest as they relate to long-term management actions. Our initial study was designed both to promote native biodiversity and to develop knowledge that would enable land management agencies to restore invaded forests. Our premise of success followed the prevalent perception that short-term management, such as removal of invasive species, ideally translates into long-term and sustainable restoration. We were therefore disappointed and perhaps discouraged in our results—little recovery of native biodiversity despite ongoing and labor-intensive management. Not only did we fail to return the invaded forest to a native-dominated system but also our efforts lead to recruitment of new non-native species assemblages. The sobering truth of many restoration projects in Hawaii and elsewhere is that we can never completely walk away and “consider the job finished,” or we have to accept that some ecosystems cannot be returned to an all-native state. Essentially, costs of restoration may outweigh the accomplishment. This setback gave us an opportunity to reconsider and modify our initial approach. By starting over with a new direction using both native and non-invasive but non-native species, we have adopted a new philosophy of “join them.” In our revision, we changed the players in the game by following invasive species removal with outplantings of native and non-invasive non-native species that will functionally fill missing roles in the ecosystem. We link social interest in the new experiment to changing attitudes about naturalness.
Limited Partnership: Business, Government, Civil Society and the Public in the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative

In this paper, I assess the EITI a multisectoral partnership designed to help resource rich countries avoid corruption in the management of extractive industry revenues. I hypothesize that the EITI partnership is not as effective as it could be for three reasons. First, the partners (governments, civil society, and business) have different visions of EITI. Second, some implementing governments have not allowed civil society to participate fully in the process or have not consistently provided civil society with the information they need to hold their governments to account. In this regard it is a limited partnership. Third, in many participating countries, the public and legislators may not be aware of EITI. Thus, although public participation is essential to the success and potential positive spillovers of EITI, the public is essentially a silent partner, limiting the ability of the EITI to succeed as a counterweight to corruption.
Psychological Aspects of Caregiving

Over the past decade, an extensive literature has emerged within psychology related to the caregiving of disabled family members. A search of the major database of psychological research, PsychINFO, revealed over 12,000 articles, books, or chapters related to caregiving. To date, a majority of the psychological literature has focused on caregiving for older adults, including geriatric issues, with less literature devoted to pediatric populations.
Dissent: the history of an American idea

Dissent defines ‘dissent’ as ‘going against the grain’ (p. 3) in an introduction which summarizes a variety of more specific types of dissent: religious, political, economic, and cultural/social, a...
Characterization of Microstructural Evolution by Mercury Porosimetry

Evolution of micro structure during the sintering of α-Al2O3 compacts formed by colloidal filtration was studied by mercury porosimetry. It is shown that the decay of the flow channels created during filtration plays an important role in the densifi-cation process. The retention of open channels until the final stages of sintering was essential in achieving high sintered densities.
Abstract 2300: MicroRNA-101 (miR-101) posttranscriptionally regulates the expression of EP4 receptor in colon cancers

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL The predominant product of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in the colon, prostaglandin (PG) E2 promotes carcinogenesis. Expression of the PGE2 receptor EP4 is upregulated during colorectal carcinogenesis. However the mechanism leading to deregulation of the EP4 receptor is not known. The present study was conducted to investigate the regulation of EP4 receptor by miRNAs. A bioinformatics search revealed a conserved target site for miR-101 within the EP4 receptor-3′ UTR. In both colorectal cancer cell lines and human specimens, we observed an inverse correlation between miR-101 and EP4 receptor protein. Transfection of LS174T cells with miR-101 significantly suppressed a luciferase reporter containing the EP4 receptor-3′-UTR. In contrast, a mutant EP4 receptor-3′-UTR was unaffected. Ectopic expression miR-101 markedly reduced cell proliferation and motility. Co-transfection of EP4 receptor could rescue colon cancer cells from the tumor suppressive effects of miR-101. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of EP4 receptor signaling or silencing of EP4 receptor phenocopied the effect of miR-101. This is the first study to show that the EP4 receptor is negatively regulated by miR-101. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2300. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2300
Tidal Inlet Problems Along the New England Coast

The New England Division of the United States Army Corps of Engineers has created and improved many harbors along the New England coast for the benefit of commercial fishing and recreational boating fleets A harbor, to be effective, must provide a protected area for boats and it must have a safe access, that is, a protected and stabilized tidal inlet A coastal inlet has been defined as a waterway connecting a bay, lagoon or similar body of water with a larger body of water The major engineering problems encountered in the development of harbors have involved stabilization of these inlets The problems have been caused by excessive littoral drift resulting from erosion of the shorefront adjacent to the inlets by wave attack Planning, designing, constructing, and modifying these inlets under very dynamic conditions is complex and difficult Each inlet is unique This paper discusses very briefly some of the problems encountered.
Development of an interactive, real-time, multimedia flow-diagnostics laboratory

In the Aerospace Engineering Department at Texas A & M University, research advances in fluid mechanics/aerodynamics related hardware and software have recently been completed. These advances include the development of novel experimental flow-diagnostics techniques for low-speed aerodynamics applications and interactive multimedia software for flow-field presentation. We have integrated the newly acquired knowledge and technology into an interactive real-time multimedia experimental flow-diagnostics environment for the undergraduate and graduate teaching applications and laboratory research in fluid mechanics/aerodynamics. In graduate research, this environment is a valuable tool in documenting and modeling complex 3D flows in aerodynamic design and evaluation. In undergraduate and graduate education, it supersedes conventional approaches to lecture-laboratory combining courses in aerodynamics/fluid mechanics. The laboratory applications provide a stimulating interactive environment with a wealth of user-experiment interaction options. The environment, its utilization in graduate research, as well as current efforts for incorporating it into the curriculum of the Aerospace Engineering Department of Texas A & M University are described. (Author)
Pancreaticobronchial Fistula: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Fistulas between the pancreas and bronchial tree are uncommon examples of internal pancreatic fistulas. We describe a case of pancreaticobronchial fistula in which the diagnosis was made by bronchoscopy and biochemical analysis of respiratory secretions. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was con firmatory and guided treatment by internal drainage of the pancreatic duct. Ten other cases were found in the Western literature that emphasize the principles of diagnosis and treatment.