cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mathematical models of service

Abstract As service has become the predominant part of all advanced economies, increasing attention has been paid to conceptualizing and formulating its mathematical structure. Models that arise from service and the management of service may be broadly group d into three main categories: (1) customer behavior models , that explain how customers react to service, (2) service quality impact models , that address the business consequences of service quality, and (3) normative service models , that prescribe how organizations should organize and manage their service. We briefly discuss the most important models in each category, which arise primarily from the Marketing, Operations, and Operations Research literatures.
Comparison of Genotypes of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Phage Type 30 and 9c Strains Isolated during Three Outbreaks Associated with Raw Almonds

In 2000 to 2001, 2003 to 2004, and 2005 to 2006, three outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were linked with the consumption of raw almonds. The S. Enteritidis strains from these outbreaks had rare phage types (PT), PT30 and PT9c. Clinical and environmental S. Enteritidis strains were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and DNA microarray-based comparative genomic indexing (CGI) to evaluate their genetic relatedness. All three methods differentiated these S. Enteritidis strains in a manner that correlated with PT. The CGI analysis confirmed that the majority of the differences between the S. Enteritidis PT9c and PT30 strains corresponded to bacteriophage-related genes present in the sequenced genomes of S. Enteritidis PT4 and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. However, PFGE, MLVA, and CGI failed to discriminate between S. Enteritidis PT30 strains related to outbreaks from unrelated clinical strains or between strains separated by up to 5 years. However, metabolic fingerprinting demonstrated that S. Enteritidis PT4, PT8, PT13a, and clinical PT30 strains metabolized L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-alanine, and D-alanine amino acids more efficiently than S. Enteritidis PT30 strains isolated from orchards. These data indicate that S. Enteritidis PT9c and 30 strains are highly related genetically and that PT30 orchard strains differ from clinical PT30 strains metabolically, possibly due to fitness adaptations.
Prison: Tracking Process Interactions to Contain Malware

Modern operating systems provide a number of different mechanisms that allow processes to interact. These interactions can generally be divided into two classes: inter-process communication techniques, which a process supports to provide services to its clients, and injection methods, which allow a process to inject code or data directly into another process' address space. Operating systems support these mechanisms to enable better performance and to provide simple and elegant software development APIs that promote cooperation between processes. Unfortunately, process interaction channels introduce problems at the end-host that are related to malware containment and the attribution of malicious actions. In particular, host-based security systems rely on process isolation to detect and contain malware. However, interaction mechanisms allow malware to manipulate a trusted process to carry out malicious actions on its behalf. In this case, existing security products will typically either ignore the actions or mistakenly attribute them to the trusted process. For example, a host-based security tool might be configured to deny untrusted processes from accessing the network, but malware could circumvent this policy by abusing a (trusted) web browser to get access to the Internet. In short, an effective host-based security solution must monitor and take into account interactions between processes. In this paper, we present Prison, a system that tracks process interactions and prevents malware from leveraging benign programs to fulfill its malicious intent. To this end, an operating system kernel extension monitors the various system services that enable processes to interact, and the system analyzes the calls to determine whether or not the interaction should be allowed. Prison can be deployed as an online system for tracking and containing malicious process interactions to effectively mitigate the threat of malware. The system can also be used as a dynamic analysis tool to aid an analyst in understanding a malware sample's effect on its environment.
Data-Adaptive Shrinkage via the Hyperpenalized EM Algorithm

We propose an extension of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, called the hyperpenalized EM (HEM) algorithm, that maximizes a penalized log-likelihood, for which some data are missing or unavailable, using a data-adaptive estimate of the penalty parameter. This is potentially useful in applications for which the analyst is unable or unwilling to choose a single value of a penalty parameter but instead can posit a plausible range of values. The HEM algorithm is conceptually straightforward and also very effective, and we demonstrate its utility in the analysis of a genomic data set. Gene expression measurements and clinical covariates were used to predict survival time. However, many survival times are censored, and some observations only contain expression measurements derived from a different assay, which together constitute a difficult missing data problem. It is desired to shrink the genomic contribution in a data-adaptive way. The HEM algorithm successfully handles both the missing data and shrinkage aspects of the problem.
Privacy Concern, Trust, and Desire for Content Personalization

A sizable portion of content published on websites and apps is personalized for individuals users. There are both costs and benefits to personalization. Critics point out the associated costs like reductions in personal privacy linked to corresponding data collection practices or the ways in which firms algorithmically curate content to serve their own financial interests over those of users. Alternatively, given the size and speed at which digital content is produced, personalization provides a necessary filtering for an otherwise unapproachable web. It allows users to more efficiently identify the information they are seeking. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent Internet users recognize these costs and benefits? In this study we investigated how members of the general public think about personalization. Surveying a broad sample of Americans, we asked people how personalized they wanted various content (advertisements, discounts, prices, news, and social media) when encountered on websites and apps. We also assessed individuals’ online privacy concerns, levels of trust in Internet firms, and Internet use to investigate the relationship between these factors and individual preference for personalization. Overall, privacy concerns do not appear to diminish support for personalization. However, trust in online firms is strongly associated with wanting personalized (vs. non-personalized) content. Additionally, heavier Internet users are substantially more likely to prefer personalization, with Internet use also moderating the influence of trust on personalization preferences. While more trusting individuals appear more favorable towards personalization, this effect was significantly impacted by Internet use. Based on these findings, we conclude that focusing on the benefits rather than the costs of personalization may be a more useful starting point in ongoing debates.
The Code of Ethics of the American Society of Civil Engineers

At a time of great moral upheavals, when the political, business, educational and professional leaderships are challenged all the way to the top, it is imperative that the engineering societies make their code of ethics significant, binding, enforceable and enforced. Other engineering societies have recently reassessed their goals and proposed basic changes in their codes of ethics. ASCE encompasses the activity of a group whose influence on society has grown substantially in the last decade and whose image looms large in the eyes of the public. Because of this increased importance, it is essential that the code of ethics of ASCE be revised, after a thorough airing of its articles on the part of ASCE members.
Factors affecting oxygen delivery with bi-level positive airway pressure

INTRODUCTION: Portable pressure ventilators, or bi-level ventilators, do not typically have an oxygen control, and thus supplemental oxygen is usually administered by adding it into the mask or the circuit. We conducted this study to test the hypothesis that delivered oxygen concentration using this configuration is affected by the choice of leak port, oxygen injection site, and ventilator settings. METHODS: A lung model simulating spontaneous breathing was connected to the head of a manikin. An oronasal mask was attached to the manikin. A single-limb circuit was attached to the mask and a bi-level ventilator. Three leak ports were compared: leak in the mask, plateau exhalation valve with mask leak port occluded, and leak port in the circuit with mask leak port occluded. Bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) settings of 10/5, 15/5, 20/5, 15/10, 20/10, and 25/10 cm H2O were used at respiratory rates of 15 and 25 breaths/min. Oxygen was added into the mask or into the circuit at the ventilator outlet, using flows of 5 and 10 L/min. Carbon dioxide was added into the lung model to produce an end-tidal PCO2 of either 40 or 75 mm Hg. RESULTS: Delivered oxygen concentration was not affected by respiratory rate (p = 0.22) or end-tidal PCO2 (p = 0.74). The oxygen concentration was greater when oxygen was added into the circuit with the leak port in the mask (p < 0.001), whereas oxygen concentration was greater when oxygen was added into the mask with the leak port in circuit (p = 0.005). Oxygen concentration was significantly lower with the leak port in the mask (p < 0.001), with a higher inspiratory positive airway pressure (p < 0.001), and with a higher expiratory positive airway pressure (p < 0.001). The highest oxygen concentration was achieved with oxygen added to the mask, with the leak port in the circuit, and with the lowest settings of inspiratory (10 cm H2O) and expiratory (5 cm H2O) positive airway pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Delivered oxygen concentration during BiPAP is a complex interaction between the leak port type, the site of oxygen injection, the ventilator settings, and the oxygen flow. Because of this, it is important to continuously measure arterial oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry with patients in acute respiratory failure who are receiving noninvasive ventilation from a bi-level ventilator.
Kays, R. W., and D. E. Wilson. 2002. Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, 240 pp. ISBN 0-691-07012-1, price (paper), $19.95. ISBN 0-691-08890-X, price (cloth), $49.50

R. W. Kays, D. E. Wilson. 2002. Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, and Woodstock, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom, 240 pp. ISBN 0-691-07012-1, price (paper), $19.95. ISBN 0-691-08890-X, price (cloth), $49.50. This addition to the Princeton Field Guide series makes all other field guides for mammals of the United States (exclusive of Hawaii) and Canada obsolete. It was designed to enable identification of the 442 species of mammals known from North America N of Mexico. This number includes all native mammal species (both marine and terrestrial) of that region, plus exotic mammal species known to survive there and reproduce in the wild, and a few supposedly extinct or extirpated mammal species that might be found there in the future. Intended for use by professional mammalogists and amateur naturalists alike, the book provides a wealth of information in a concise volume suitable for carrying in the field. It should be noted that one of the authors of this field guide (Don Wilson) and another of his colleagues (Sue Ruff) were the editors of The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals , which was published in 1999. That epic tome, which I reviewed earlier (Choate 2001), was a phenomenal undertaking by 229 authorities …
A Note on Online Steiner Tree Problems

We introduce and study a new Steiner tree problem variation called the bursty Steiner tree problem where new nodes arrive into bursts. This is an online problem which becomes the well-known online Steiner tree problem if the number of nodes in each burst is exactly one and becomes the classical Steiner tree problem if all the nodes that need to be connected appear in a single burst. In undirected graphs, we provide a tight bound of (min flogk;mg) on the competitive ratio for this problem, where k is the total number of nodes to be connected and m is the total number of dierent bursts. In directed graphs of bounded edge asymmetry , we provide a near tight competitive ratio for this problem. We also consider a bursty variation of the terminal Steiner tree problem and provide the upper bound of minf4; 3m g and the lower bound of minf= 2;m=4g on the competitive ratio in undirected complete graphs, where is the current best approximation for the terminal Steiner tree problem and = 1 logk. These are the rst
Values and Interests

Most political scientists concern themselves in one way or another with values and interests. References to values are ubiquitous in the literature, and one need only cite such terms as interest groups, the public interest, the common interest, and the national interest to recall the frequent reference to interests.The two words have already been discussed a great deal. Even so, there is considerable confusion about their meaning and about the interrelationships of their meaning. Rather than serve as effective tools for incisive analyses, they frequently lead into intellectual traps; and rather than serve as clear symbols for communication, they frequently lead to misunderstanding. These difficulties have been especially great in the field of foreign affairs, where so much has been made of the concept the national interest.
The Incidence of Antisperm Antibodies in Infertility Patients with a History of Cryptorchidism

AbstractInfertility in patients with a history of cryptorchidism is usually the result of oligo-asthenospermia. In this study we analyzed the incidence of antisperm antibodies in infertility patients with a history of cryptorchidism, general infertility patients and donors of known fertility. Of the cryptorchid patients 66% tested positive for antisperm antibodies compared to 2.6% of the control group of infertile patients and 2.8% of the donors of known fertility. Sperm progressive motility was significantly (p <0.05) decreased in the cryptorchid patients testing positive for antisperm antibodies compared to those testing negative for antisperm antibodies, and compared to both control groups. Of the patients treated for cryptorchidism by orchiopexy 52% were positive for antisperm antibodies, and the mean patient age at orchiopexy was significantly (p <0.01) higher in the positive antibody group (14.2 ± 1.2 years old) than the negative antibody group (8.6 ± 0.8 years old). While decreased sperm concentrat...
Giant cystic degeneration of a uterine leiomyoma in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Abstract Objective To report the management of a large uterine leiomyoma with diffuse cystic degeneration in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Design Case Report. Setting Cleveland Clinic Florida, Department of Gynecology, Section of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic surgery, Weston Florida. Patient(s) A 52-year old woman with ADPKD with a large abdominal mass, abnormal uterine bleeding and symptomatic anemia. Imaging revealed a giant intramural cystic lesion of the uterus compressing the inferior vena cava. Intervention(s) Uterine artery embolization and blood transfusion followed by a computed tomography guided cyst aspiration were performed on admission to alleviate anemia and abdominal pain and distension. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy was performed in an outpatient setting. Main Outcome Measure(s) Management of large cystic degeneration of leiomyoma. Results Normal recovery from definitive surgery. Surgical pathology confirmed a benign, cystically dilated leiomyoma. Conclusion This case demonstrates the management of giant intramural cyst lesion of the uterus using a minimally invasive surgical approach, as opposed to emergency surgery via laparotomy. Capsule Large uterine leiomyoma with diffuse cystic degeneration in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, in which step-wise treatments allows successful minimally invasive hysterectomy.
Distribution and clinical significance of Hepatitis B virus genotypes in immigrants of Shenzhen

Objective:To study the distribution of Hepatitis B virus(HBV) genotypes in HBV-infected immigrants and its clinical significance in Shenzhen.Methods:Real time PCR was applied to detect 178 serum specimens collected from HBV-infected immigrants with positive HBV-DNA.Results:There were 116 out of 178 serum specimens to be genotype B(65.17%),43 to be genotype C(24.16%),and 13 to be HBV classified as genotype B+C(7.30%).Mean age of male and female had significant difference.Immigrants with genotype C whose positive rate of HBeAg was higher(P0.05),while level of HBV-DNA was lower than those with genotype B,there was no significant difference of HBV-DNA.The most quality of HBV genotype were detected from South China.Conclusion:The prevalent HBV genotype in Shenzhen immigrants was genotype B,meanwhile genotype C and small quantity of B+C were exist.The HBV genotype is correlated with their pathogenicity.
Three-diamensional Construction of Tissue Engineering Heart Valve in vitro with Sheep Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induced to Differentiate into Eendothelial Cells

Objective To develop tissue engineering heart valves (TEHV) in vitro by seeding sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced to differentiate into endothelial cells (MSC-ECs) on acellular porcine aortic valve matrices. Methods Sheep MSCs-ECs were obtained by bone marrow punctures (iliac crest),isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation,cultured and expanded by VEGF,bFGF and ECGF to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro and characterized by immunohistochemistry. The secretion levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin 1(ET-1) of the MSC-ECs were measured; Decellularized porcine aortic valve matrices were created by 0.05%Trypsin+0.02%EDTA digestion procedure; TEHVs were constructed by seeding the sheep MSC-ECs on the acellular porcine aortic valve matrices in vitro and the histological structures were studied by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Sheep MSC-ECs were spindle-shaped with both positive staining of α-SMA,Vimentin and CD-31,vWF,and the levels of NO and ET-1 were (165.6±8.9)μmol/L and (50.6±5.6)ng/L,respectively. The level of NO in MSC-ECs was significantly higher than that in MSCs. Porcine cells could not be detected by H-E staining after decellularization,with elastic fibers and collagenou fibers well-preserved. LM and SEM demonstrated a confluent seeding MSC-ECs in the surface of TEHV. Conclusion In vitro sheep MSC-ECs could function as vascular endothelial cells,which may be a potential cell source for TEHV. It is feasible to construct TEHVs with sheep MSC-ECs on porcine acellular scaffolds.
Surgical Treatment of Parotid Tumors

Treatment of parotid tumors, whether benign or malignant, is always early, total parotidectomy; aspiration biopsy permits definitive differentiation. If the tumor proves benign, as in the case illustrated, the surgeon is prepared for the detailed dissection that makes it possible to preserve all or almost all of the facial nerve and its branches. In malignancy, sacrifice of the nerve may become obligatory.
Redeeming the Communist Past: CONCLUSION: SUCCEEDING IN DEMOCRACY

Few political actors have faced a more difficult task of reinventing and transforming themselves than the communist successor parties of East Central Europe after 1989. Yet, as we have seen, several of these disgraced ancien regime parties survived and succeeded in the new democratic system. Paradoxically, the reasons lie in the parties' discredited past: The same practices that made the parties' rule so inadequate during the communist era could become their salvation during the democratic transition and beyond. These parties thus “redeemed the communist past” both by making amends for the most disgraceful elements of their history and by cashing in on their elite resources to remake themselves into successful democratic competitors and governors. In so doing, they confirmed the expectations presented at the outset of this study: The political resources at their disposal were directly rooted in the communist era, and these assets then influenced the parties' response to the challenges and difficulties of democratic politicking and transition politics. Thus, external policies of advancement within the communist party promoted elite pragmatism and technical know-how, experience with policy innovation led elites to realize the need for party transformation and centralization, while policy implementation and negotiation with the opposition promoted the formulation of responsive programs, new dimensions of competition, and effective electoral campaigns. These portable skills and usable pasts determined whether the parties could embark on strategies of organizational transformation. These were of paramount importance for the public resurrection of discredited parties that were forced to exit from power.
Management of acute hydronephrosis of pregnancy by ureteral stenting: Risk of stone formation

AbstractAcute hydronephrosis of pregnancy has long been managed with ureteral stenting. Although many articles have been published recently concerning stent incrustation none has addressed the etiology. We report a case of accelerated incrustation due to the hypercalciuric state of pregnancy. We propose conservative management with hydration, calcium restriction and close monitoring for infections and stone debris. Antibiotic suppression and stent changes should not be used routinely but rather they should be individualized.
Review of the Organic Rectifier Project: Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Donor- Sigma-Acceptor Molecules

The Organic Rectifier Project (ORP) endeavours to verify the tantalizing proposal by Ari Aviram, Mark A. Ratner and coworkers [1–3] that a single organic molecule of the type D-σ-A could be a rectifier of electrical current. The molecule would do so because the D end is a good organic one-electron donor, σ is a covalent saturated (“ sigma”) bridge, and A is a good organic one-electron acceptor. The progress of the ORP [4–24] has been chronicled often [5,8,10,16,19–21,23] but the rectification by a single organic molecule, or by an organized Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) [25–31] monolayer of such molecules, has not yet been demonstrated. The driving force for the ORP, which may be one of the key experiments in molecular electronics, is that the working thickness promised by such a D-σ-A device is of the order of a few molecular lengths, i.e. about 5 nm: such a small size is predicted to be unattainable even by the rosiest forecasts for silicon or gallium arsenide technology.
Factors Related to Racial Differences in Late-Life Level of Cognitive Function

OBJECTIVE The study aim was to identify factors associated with racial differences in level of cognitive function in old age. METHOD Older Black (n = 5,950) and White (n = 3,469) residents of a geographically defined urban community were randomly split into exploratory and confirmatory subgroups. A global measure of cognition was derived from 4 brief performance tests, and potential correlates of cognition (candidates) were selected from demographic, health-related, and experiential measures. In the exploratory subgroup, using a stepwise search algorithm, we examined the cognitive difference by race and then allowed candidate measures and Race × Candidate Measure interactions to enter the model. RESULTS The cognitive score in the exploratory subgroup (M = 0.257, SD = 0.714) was a mean of 0.403 unit lower in Black persons than White persons (SE = 0.021, p < .001), and race accounted for 7% of cognitive variability. After the candidate selection process, 16 measures were retained, including 12 candidate measures and the 2-way interactions of race with education, age, reading/cognitive activity, and neuroticism. In this model, which accounted for 45% of the variability in global cognition, race was no longer associated with global cognition (coefficient = 0.012, SE = 0.110, p = .912). Findings were replicated in the confirmatory subgroup. CONCLUSION These cross-sectional analyses suggest that consideration of demographic, health-related, and experiential factors greatly attenuates racial differences in late-life level of cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record
Authorship in an Economy of Promotion

Published interviews with authors circulate within an economy of promotion. Interviews advertise specific authors and texts, but they also help construct a more general sense of what writing is, who authors are, and how they do their work. An author’s interview never exists in isolation, but functions rather as a node in a complex network of conversation, communication, and commerce.
France, Mali, and African Jihad

PANETTA GETS A PHONE CALL It was Friday, January 11, 2013 morning in Washington afternoon in Paris and Bamako. U.S. Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta took an emergency telephone call from French Defense Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian. Le Drian had requested the call through his defense attache Bruno Caitucoli only a few hours earlier. The normally collected Caitucoli had been visibly concerned. No one was sure exactly what had prompted the emergency call. Their French counterparts had been focused on a developing crisis in their former West African colony of Mali for the last few days, but U.S. officials had several more pressing national security issues on their minds – especially NATO's controversial drawdown after a decade of war in Afghanistan and a civil war in Syria that was growing bloodier by the day. The call got off on the wrong foot when Le Drian began by explaining the time had come to take action “rapidly” in Mali, and Panetta took this to be a request that the United States start the process of considering some form of joint intervention – perhaps some modified version of the 2011 intervention in Libya – and responded positively that he was prepared to begin discussing an intervention. “No, Mr. Secretary,” replied the French defense minister, “We are not asking for you to consider an operation. I am calling to inform you that we have just begun one.” Secretary Panetta's jaw dropped. At the French Defense Ministry, officials waited for the silence on the other end of the line to break. Terrorist groups closely tied to al Qa'ida had been in control of northern Mali for a year, but that France should act so precipitously, so boldly, and so independently came as a surprise in Washington. For several months France and the United States had been struggling to put together an African-led response to the problem of Mali's north. France's decision to go in alone was a near total about-face. It went against a recent, hard-won Franco-American agreement on how the situation in Mali would be handled and threatened to open new rifts within the U.S. government over the role of military force in resolving the crisis. But Secretary Panetta's fierce antiterrorist convictions immediately overcame any initial hesitations.
Religious Education Among Friends and Strangers

Growing up surrounded by an extended family focused my identity and vocation. I was named after my grandfather, Jack. Many a day, I would sit with my grandmother as she told family stories, intentionally focusing on what it meant to be a ‘Seymour’. My grandfather had died when I was five. As a result, my grandmother wanted me to know him and the obstacles he had overcome. She was amazingly truthful about strengths and weaknesses.
Managerial Dilemmas: Market failures and hierarchical solutions: The tension between individual and social rationality

Every team member would prefer a team in which no one, not even himself, shirked. Alchian and Demsetz (1972: 790) Virtually everyone agrees that working in hierarchies is at times unpleasant. Yet most people in the twentieth century spend most of their time in hierarchical organizations – supervising subordinates or being supervised by their own superiors. This was not always the case. In the early nineteenth century, most economic activity was carried out in small cottage industries consisting of individual tradesmen and a small number of apprentices. Even our largest federal bureaucracies were only loosely hierarchical, with most postmasters and land agents working as individuals miles from the nearest “supervisor” and showing a marked tendency to set their own policies (Crenson 1975). Most economic activity took place among individual farmers, buyers, wholesalers, importers, and exporters (Chandler 1977). Today, most of our goods are produced by large corporations instead of individual wheelwrights or weavers, and even our food is produced in large part by agribusiness. Law enforcement is provided by a large hierarchy instead of the night watchman, and education is provided by another bureaucracy instead of the individual in a one-room schoolhouse (Knott and Miller 1987). Yet there is a good deal of unhappiness with hierarchy, centering around doubts concerning both its efficiency and its effect on individual autonomy or liberty. While concerns about government efficiency and intrusions on individual liberty are an ongoing theme in U.S. society, similar doubts have begun to be voiced about corporate bureaucracies.
Nothing Is More Sacred Than the Liberation of Black People : Albert Cleage’s Method as Unfulfilled Theological Paradigm Shift

Clark argues that Albert Cleage Jr. offers an alternative theological methodology that is worthy of reexamination and engagement in Black theology. His central tenet that “nothing is more sacred than the liberation of black people” reflects a pragmatic theological method that is guided by the lived experiences of everyday Black people in America. In this way, it differs from academic Black theology, because it does not seek validation within the academy or conform to theology’s presumed universal imperative. Cleage’s approach is practical, malleable, and adaptable to the current situation of black people in America, making it as relevant now as ever.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of "pirate spiders" (Araneae, Mimetidae) with the description of a new African genus and the first report of maternal care in the family.

We investigate the phylogeny of “pirate spiders” (Mimetidae), a family of araneophagic spiders known for their use of aggressive mimicry as a foraging strategy, but poorly understood phylogenetically. Relationships are inferred by including molecular data from six loci for 92 mimetid terminals spanning four genera, and 119 outgroups representing 12 families. Phylogenetic analyses based on parsimony, maximum-likelihood and Bayesian approaches, as well as static and dynamic homology, robustly support monophyly of Mimetidae and a sister-group relationship to a clade comprising Tetragnathidae + Arkyidae. Relationships among the mimetid genera are largely congruent across methods, as follows: (Gelanor (Ero (Anansi n. gen. (Australomimetus, Mimetus)))). Diversification of Mimetidae is estimated to be around 114 Ma, in the Early Cretaceous. In light of the results of our phylogenetic analyses, we erect Anansi n. gen. to include a clade of mimetids from West Africa that contains at least four species, including the newly described A. luki n. sp. We present the first report of maternal care in Mimetidae based on novel field observations.
Targeting the SR-B1 Receptor as a Gateway for Cancer Therapy and Imaging.

Malignant tumors display remarkable heterogeneity to the extent that even at the same tissue site different types of cells with varying genetic background may be found. In contrast, a relatively consistent marker the scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-B1) has been found to be consistently over expressed by most tumor cells. In addition, the SR-B1 receptor has been shown to serve as a potential gateway for the delivery of therapeutic agents when reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) nanoparticles are used for their transport to cancer cells and tumors. Opportunities for the development of new technologies, particularly in the areas of cancer therapy and tumor imaging are discussed.
Material Vision

How do designers identify substances as materials to be worked into artifacts? Understanding how designer-material collaborations are instantiated, and the effect of those relations on design expression, helps us understand how artifacts come to be as they are. In the digital environment, the relationship between designer and material is complicated by the ambiguous, abstract nature of digital "substances." This conceptual essay uses case studies from a design project to trace the role of community values in the materialization of a particular abstraction: a deliberate positioning of the designer's situated viewpoint. By comparing cases where designers materialize a situated position within the resulting artifact and where designers do not do so, this essay illustrates how community values mediate designer-material collaborations. These case studies also demonstrate the effect of designer-material relations on design expression. The designs that materialize a position structure a more reciprocal, dialogic relationship between designer and user.
Iminoboronate-Mediated Peptide Cyclization with Lysine Homologues

Cyclic peptides are attracting attention of medicinal chemists due to their increased stability in biological milieu as well as improved target binding affinities. Our laboratory has recently reported a powerful cyclization strategy that takes advantage of the spontaneous and reversible conjugation of lysine and a designed amino acid AB3 to give iminoboronates. Herein we report that Dap, a short chain homologue of lysine, displays significantly higher propensity to form imino­boronates and consequently improves the efficiency of peptide cyclization. Importantly, the preferential conjugation of AB3 to Dap allows a facile synthesis of cyclic peptides with free lysine residues.
A scalable architecture for fully integrated multi-TV tuners

Silicon TV tuners have recently achieved and surpassed bulky CAN tuners in terms of circuit performance, providing TV manufacturers lower-cost, smaller foot-print, and more reliable solutions. Silicon TV tuners also made packing multiple tuners into a single die or package possible. Multiple tuners are often needed for feature-rich TVs and Set-Top-Boxes with DVR, picture-in-picture and fast channel switching capabilities. Implemented in a 40nm CMOS technology, this paper presents major building blocks for a monolithic dual-tuner with active splitter, tracking filters and output buffers, a compact low-power VCO based ADC and a local oscillator generation scheme featuring a 17GHz VCO with fractional dividers.
The Politics of Faith in the Work of Lorna Dee Cervantes, Ana Castillo, and Sandra Cisneros

If Chicanas are perceived as a communal threat because they are closer to the carnal, according to the Church, they paradoxically are worshipped as the female divine within indigenous practices like Yoruba or Mexica as well. In the works of Sandra Cisneros, Ana Castillo, and Lorna Dee Cervantes women9s religious commitment is revealed through their possible responses to cultural multiplicity: 1) the rejection of one tradition over another, 2) syncretism, or 3) the continual migration between practices despite contradictory impulses. Using irony to address the tension and seeming impossibility of maintaining distinct traditions simultaneously, these writers intimate how women derive strength and a stronger sense of self primarily by moving between traditions.
Bio-based nanostructured materials

Abstract Bio-based materials are made from substances derived from living organisms which have a broad range of applications in medicine, packaging, consumer goods, electronics, transportation, construction, and green technologies. Nanotechnology uses biomimetic or bio-inspired processes to prepare nanostructured materials for biology applications. Innovations in nanobiomaterials are revolutionizing our prospective to identify biological complexities and find solutions for biological problems by developing biomimetic and engineering techniques. This chapter aims to provide all aspects of fundamental and applied research related to bio-based nanostructured materials including polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, and cellulose), carbon, plant proteins, keratin, phage, and natural bioceramics and their biomedical applications.
Novel Use of Ultrasound to Teach Reproductive System Physical Examination Skills and Pelvic Anatomy.

Objectives To determine whether integration of ultrasound (US) into a reproductive system examination clinical skills lab can increase confidence in palpating key reproductive structures during testicular and bimanual pelvic examinations, reduce anxiety about conducting testicular and bimanual pelvic examinations, and improve performance on multiple-choice questions based on structure identification using US images. Methods Second-year medical students enrolled in the Life Cycle preclinical course participated in this cross-sectional study. A single learning activity was developed to pair the teaching of the reproductive system physical examination with the use of US in the clinical skills lab. The evaluation of the teaching session consisted of a pre-post analysis of student self-reported knowledge, confidence, and anxiety. Results The response rate for the pre survey was 82% (n = 96), and the rate for the post survey was 79% (n = 93). Students' confidence in their ability to identify reproductive system structures on US images increased from pre to post survey. Their confidence in their ability to palpate the epididymis, uterus, and ovary during a physical examination improved, and their anxiety about conducting testicular and bimanual pelvic examinations decreased. Student satisfaction with the session was high. Students' performance on multiple-choice questions based on structure identification using US images was at 96% or higher. Conclusions Our study findings support the integration of US into a reproductive system examination clinical skills lab. Medical students acquire competency and confidence in reproductive system physical examination skills with US integration.
Counter-framing: Implications for public relations:

This article seeks to introduce the concept of counter-framing (i.e. a frame that contradicts the original frame and is introduced at a later date than the original) to the public relations literat...
Phenyl/Perfluorophenyl Stacking Interactions Enhance Structural Order in Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks

A two-dimensional imine-based covalent organic framework (COF) was designed and synthesized such that phenyl and perfluorophenyl structural units can seamlessly alternate between layers of the framework. X-ray diffraction of the COF powders reveals a striking increase in crystallinity for the COF with self-complementary phenyl/perfluorophenyl interactions (FASt-COF). Whereas measured values of the Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface areas for the nonfluorinated Base-COF and the COF employing hydrogen bonding were ∼37% and 59%, respectively, of their theoretical Connolly surface areas, the BET value for FASt-COF achieves >90% of its theoretical value (∼1700 m2/g). Transmission electron microscopy images also revealed unique micron-sized rodlike features in FASt-COF that were not present in the other materials. The results highlight a promising approach for improving surface areas and long-range order in two-dimensional COFs.
Sibling influence on children's objectively measured physical activity: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Abstract Children without siblings (only children) have higher rates of obesity than children with siblings. Childhood obesity may be prevented by minimising sedentary behaviour and accumulating sufficient physical activity in young children. A growing number of articles have examined the influence of siblings on physical activity and sedentary behaviour, yet these articles have not been synthesised. Objective To synthesise literature and describe the influence of siblings on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour of children (ages 2–18 years). Design Outcomes were analysed in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Medline OVID were searched for articles related to siblings, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and obesity outcomes from 1947 to March 2018. Eligibility criteria Articles that evaluated sibling status on physical activity objectively measured by accelerometer or pedometer were included. Results Nineteen articles, representing 17 independent datasets, were included in the review. Nine were included in the quantitative analysis. Pooled data from nine articles indicated children with siblings had higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) relative to only children, with a potential dose response for higher number of children in household and higher MVPA (Mean Difference=3.13, 95% CI 1.90 to 4.35, p=0.001). Findings were mixed for the influence of siblings on sedentary behaviour and light physical activity. Summary/Conclusion Children with siblings had healthier physical activity patterns, as measured by accelerometer or pedometer, than did only children. Suggested mechanisms include peer modelling, encouraging active transport and sports participation, opportunity for playmate and serving as additional caregivers. Trial registration number CRD42017055463.
Where do winter crows go? Characterizing partial migration of American Crows with satellite telemetry, stable isotopes, and molecular markers

ABSTRACT Partial migration—a strategy in which some individuals are resident and others are migratory within the same population—is widespread among avian species and could play an important transitional role in the evolution of migratory behavior. Nevertheless, detailed movement data are unavailable for most partial migrant species. We examined migration strategies of the American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), a partially migratory species that overwinters in large communal roosts, from which some birds migrate north to breed. We used a combination of satellite telemetry, isotopic signatures (δ2H), and molecular markers (33 microsatellites) to describe and characterize the migratory movements of individuals from overwintering roosts on the east coast (Utica, New York) and west coast (Davis, California) of the United States. We collected 11,951 data points from 18 satellite-tagged individuals between 2014 and 2018, among which 14 (77.8%) were migratory (8 of 11 and 6 of 7 birds on the west and east coasts...
Streamlined Monte Carlo simulation of environmental gamma-ray backgrounds for radiation detector sensitivity comparisons

In recent research to compare detection sensitivities of gamma spectrometers applied to in situ and field laboratory scenarios, the authors lacked background data for comparable detection sensitivity calculations. To overcome this, experimental measurements and Monte Carlo modeling of terrestrial gamma radiation were undertaken. Inspired by Vojtyla’s research to reduce the computing burden of modeling bremsstrahlung from lead surfaces, this related approach defines a gamma-ray surface source representing emission of background gamma-rays from the earth. This work presents a surface source based on the 40K, 137Cs, uranium, and thorium content of Hanford soil, and compares modeled backgrounds to experimental in situ gamma measurements.
Pre-kidney transplant lower extremity impairment and transplant length of stay: a time-to-discharge analysis of a prospective cohort study

Few objective tests can be performed at admission for kidney transplantation [KT] to discern risk of increased length of stay [LOS], which is important for patient counseling and is associated with increased costs and mortality. The short physical performance battery [SPPB] is an easily administered, potentially modifiable, 3-part test of lower extremity function. SPPB score is associated with longer hospital LOS in older adults, and may provide similar utility in KT recipients given that ESRD is a disease of accelerated aging. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between SPPB-derived lower extremity function and LOS. The SPPB was administered at KT admission in a prospective cohort of 595 recipients (8/2009–6/2016). The independent association between SPPB impairment (score ≤ 10) and LOS was tested with an adjusted conventional generalized gamma parametric survival model. Impaired recipients experienced longer LOS (median: 10 vs. 8 days; P < 0.001) with the greatest difference in percent discharged on day 10 (impaired: 54.5%, unimpaired: 73.3%). Discharge typically took 13% longer in the impaired group (relative time = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.21, P = 0.001). Discharge for impaired recipients compared to unimpaired was least likely at day 5 (hazard ratio = 0.71; 95% CI:0.68, 0.74, P < 0.001). No differences in the SPPB impairment-LOS relationship were found by age (interaction P = 0.74). Pre-KT SPPB impairment was independently associated with longer LOS regardless of age, indicating that it is a useful, objective tool for pre-KT risk assessment in younger and older recipients that may help inform discharge planning.
Hidden in Plain Sight: A Machine Learning Approach for Detecting Prostitution Activity in Phoenix, Arizona

Prostitution has been a topic of study for decades, yet many questions remain about where prostitution occurs. Difficulty in identifying prostitution activity is often attributed to the hidden and seemingly victimless nature of the crime. Despite numerous challenges associated with policing street prostitution, these encounters become more difficult to identify when they take place indoors, especially in locations away from public view, such as hotels. The purpose of this paper is to develop a strategy for identifying hotel facilities and surrounding areas that may be experiencing elevated levels of prostitution activity using high-volume, user-generated data, namely hotel reviews written by guests and posted to Travelocity.com. A unique synthesis of methods including data mining, natural language processing, machine learning, and basic spatial analysis are combined to identify facilities that may require additional law enforcement resources and/or social/health service outreach. Prostitution hotspots are identified within the city of Phoenix, Arizona and policy implications are discussed.
Flow forms

Flow Forms is a structured audio-visual improvisation for 2-3 musicians, utilizing live acoustic and electronic sound and interactive animations. Video is projected on stage, above/behind the musicians. The visual component of Flow Forms is an enhanced diffusion-reaction process that interacts with real-time audio. Complex abstract patterns develop out of the diffusion-reaction process; the system is also able to coalesce into well-defined symbols and forms such as crescents and stars, all while moving in a fluid-seeming manner consistent with the underlying diffusion-reaction process. Patterns are hinted at, but may dissolve into abstraction before the viewer's cognitive processes can grasp the underlying structure.The audio from the performance is analyzed; high-level tempo, spectral and other features are extracted, and sent via Open Sound Control to the animation environment. The musicians clearly affect the overall coherence and behavioral trends of the liquid forms. They are improvising with each other, and with the generative visuals.This piece is a recent installment in my Linguistic Margins/Visual Atolls series of audiovisual improvisations.