cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
APPLYING “GROUF” CONTINGENCIES TO THE CLASSROOM STUDY BEHAVIOR OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN1

A group of 12 children were enrolled in a preschool class. During the first experimental stage they participated in special events contingent on token earning. Tokens were acquired by engaging in a variety of study behaviors. After a level of study behavior was established under this contingency, the special events were provided noncontingently. Study behavior declined throughout the noncontingent stage. Reestablishing the original contingencies produced an immediate return to the initial level of study behavior. Noncontingent special events reduced the amount of independent study, group participation, and cooperative study. The study behavior of each child was altered in the same direction, though differences in the magnitude of effects from child to child were observed.
Smart, dumb, or culturally challenged? A social history of the dynamic unconscious

This paper provides a social history of the concept of the unconscious, with particular emphasis on ethical and political dimensions of the concept. The historical review begins with late twentieth-century contexts for the recuperation within psychology of the concept of the unconscious, then turning to a parallel set of debates in the previous century. The ethical and political implications of two theoretical issues are addressed. First, the author discusses the question of whether conscious and unconscious are distinctly different systems of mind, rather than operating along a continuum. In taking up this controversy, the paper revisits the concept of the preconscious in Freud's structural model. Second, the author addresses the question of what is at stake ethically and politically in adopting dramaturgical metaphors in conceptualizing the unconscious versus a model that enlists mechanistic metaphors. In concluding, an example from the author's experience working in the area of women and war is introduced as an application of theoretical concepts. Copyright © 2003 Whurr Publishers Ltd
The reactivity of oxygen with flavoproteins

Abstract The ways in which various flavoproteins modulate the reactivity of the reduced flavin with molecular oxygen constitute a major unsolved problem in the field. The contributions of redox potentials, both of the flavin and the O2/O2− couple, their dependence on the protein environment surrounding the flavin, and the possibility of control through multi-step access of oxygen to the reduced flavin are discussed.
4-D display of satellite cloud images

A technique has been developed to display GOES satellite cloud images in perspective over a topographical map. Cloud heights are estimated using temperatures from an infrared (IR) satellite image, surface temperature observations, and a climatological model of vertical temperature profiles. Cloud levels are discriminated from each other and from the ground using a pattern recognition algorithm based on the brightness variance technique of Coakley and Bretherton. The cloud regions found by the pattern recognizer are rendered in three-dimensional perspective over a topographical map by an efficient remap of the visible image. The visible shades are mixed with an artificial shade based on the geometry of the cloud-top surface, in order to enhance the texture of the cloud top.
Evaluation of light-emitting diode lamps: a report to the city of Albuquerque

Sandia assessed white LED lamps for parking lot, security and bike path lighting for the City of Albuquerque. Powering these lamps with photovoltaics was of particular interest to the city. Eight commercially available lamps were tested; one was AC and all others were 12-volt DC. Because DC-only photovoltaic systems do not regulate output voltage, a 12-volt nominal photovoltaic system can see a voltage range from 10.5-15.3 volts. Therefore, the LED lamp must be specified for the DC voltage range expected with a photovoltaic system. We found several failed lamps at the high voltage range of our test, which is below voltages that can be seen in the field. In addition, LED lamps need to be more powerful and cost competitive, and temperature and lifetime issues need to be addressed in order to be more widely useful with photovoltaic systems for illumination applications. We concluded that presently available white LED lighting powered by photovoltaics could be considered for bike path lighting applications where the area is remote, or for security lighting in areas that are difficult to access. We do not recommend LED lamps for much larger flux levels such as parking lot lighting at this time.
Binding and activation of nitrite and nitric oxide by copper nitrite reductase and corresponding model complexes

The reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide in dissimilatory denitrification is carried out by copper nitrite reductases (CuNIRs) via a type 2 copper site. Extended studies on CuNIRs in combination with model complexes have allowed for the establishment of two potential mechanisms for this transformation. Recent experimental and computational results have revealed further details of this process. In addition, the interaction of NO with copper sites has recently gained much attention. This review discusses recent results in the context of the known coordination chemistry of CuNIRs.
On the purchasing power parity puzzle

Abstract A puzzle concerning purchasing power parity is examined: Although the immense exchange rate volatility suggests a likely major role of nominal shocks under sticky prices, the observed half-life persistence of the real exchange rate seems excessively high to be rationalized by price stickiness. This study analyzes carefully the adjustment dynamics of real exchange rates through impulse response analysis. Half-life estimates are found to have substantial imprecision. Moreover, the dynamic response pattern suggests that the shock response is initially amplified before dissipating and that such non-monotonic dynamics can contribute to more than one-third of the observed persistence of real exchange rates.
A parsing algorithm for Korean implemented in Prolog

This paper presents a parsing algorithm for a partial free-word-order language, Korean. It is based on dependency grammar, unification-based grammar, and implemented in Prolog. The dependency grammar accepts free order of the words in a sentence. Unification-based features separate the grammar from the parsing algorithm, and as a result, the parser can easily be applied to parse other languages by modifying only the lexicon and the grammar. Also, the features check syntactic, morphological, and semantic dependency. The parser provides a structure of a natural language sentence of Korean with dependency pairs. It constrains totally free-word-order languages, recognizes subcategorization features, restricts the order of dependents for a single head, and matches long-distance dependencies.
Studies on the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism in rat gingival tissue

Abstract Measurements of the activities of enzymes unique to the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism were made in rat gingival homogenates. The results established that gingiva contains the complete complex of enzymes unique to the pentose phosphate pathway. The studies showed that the oxidative enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway are present in gingiva in greater concentrations than the non-oxidative enzymes of this pathway. Specific activities are given for rat gingival glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, transketolase and transaldolase. The rates of 14 CO 2 formation from glucose-1- 14 C and glucose-6- 14 C during in vitro incubations with normal rat gingiva were determined. The rate of 14 CO 2 formation from glucose-1- 14 C was consistently greater than that from glucose-6- 14 C. These data are discussed in regard to the function of the pentose phosphate pathway in gingival glucose metabolism.
Five retracted structure reports : Inverted or incorrect?

Recently, Chang et al. (2006) withdrew five articles that included reports of the structure of the ABC transporter MsbA (Chang and Roth 2001) and the EmrE multidrug transporter in complex with a substrate (Pornillos et al. 2005). The stated reason for the retractions was as follows: “An in-house data reduction program, which was not part of a conventional data processing package, converted the anomalous pairs (I+ and I−) to (F− and F+), thereby introducing a sign change. As the diffraction data collected for each set of MsbA crystals and for the EmrE crystals were processed with the same program the structures reported…had the wrong hand.”
Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with Campylobacter enteritis in a child.

Given the large study size and the observed rates of urinary contamination in the compared groups, the likelihood of having failed to detect a true 5% reduction in the rate of contamination by the cleansing procedure was very small (P beta --- 0.08). The difference in the rate of urinary contamination among the cleansed versus uneleansed boys (10% vs 5%) was not statistically significant using chisquare analysis. DISCUSSION The clean-catch midstream void technique has been the method of choice for collecting a urine specimen for culture since the late 1950s) This method replaced the bladder catheterization method because it is noninvasive and not associated with the small but significant rate of procedure-related bacteriuria? With careful clean-catch technique, the risk of specimen contamination is only minimally increased over that of bladder catheterization. Study of the clean-catch technique was primarily carried out in adult women 3'5 and recommendations for its use included a tedious cleansing and urine-collection process under the supervision of trained medical personnel. Despite evidence in women that this cumbersome method can be simplified without increasing specimen contamination rates,6, 7 recent cleansing technique recommendations ~, 2 are usually followed. A recent study in adult men demonstrated that urine culture results were not affected by circumcision status or cleansing of the meatus. Midstream collection decreased contamination rates but did not affect positive culture rates) An epidemiologic study published more than 25 years ago noted bacterial contamination in only 15 of 1647 urine specimens collected from schoolaged boys without specific preparation prior to voiding. 9 Despite this evidence, the current recommendation of that study I and others 2 includes meatal cleansing of males before collection of a urine specimen for culture. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of meatal cleansing on specimen contamination rates in healthy boys. We were not able to provide data on the impact of circumcision status, because only 4% of the subjects were uncircumcised. We demonstrated that meatal cleansing does not decrease specimen contamination rates and that contamination rates following no cleansing are acceptably low, Cleansing of the urethral meatus prior to collecting a urine specimen for culture from circumcised boys has no demonstrable benefit.
Sepsis in Critical Care

Sepsis is a syndrome that reflects a constellation of signs and symptoms related to an infectious process that has accelerated the inflammatory immune response, the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways, as well as endothelial changes. Because of the high mortality rate associated with sepsis and septic shock, early stabilization with fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, and positive inotropes is critical. The challenge for nurses is to integrate vigilant assessments into the ongoing needs of a critically ill patient to prevent the development of multiple organ failure syndrome.
Met-Enkephalin [Arg6,Phe7] Immunoreactivity in Bovine Caudate and Bovine Adrenal Medulla

A radioimmunoassay specific for the COOH-terminus of Met-enkephalin [Arg6, Phe7] and a separate assay specific for the COOH-terminus of Met-enkephalin are described. Immunoreactivity by these two assays was compared in bovine caudate and bovine chromaffin granule preparation after Sephadex G75 chromatography in 50% acetic acid. When the assays were applied to the chromatography fractions of the bovine caudate extract, the majority of the immunoreactivity was found in the fractions corresponding to the heptapeptide and the pentapeptide respectively. When the chromaffin granule chromatography fractions were assayed, both of the radioimmunoassays showed that most reactivity was in several peaks in the larger molecular weight fractions. The major peak for the Met-enkephalin [Arg6, Phe7] assay had an apparent molecular weight of 2800, while with the Met-enkephalin assay the dominant peak of immunoreactivity had an apparent molecular weight of 10,000. The presence of authentic Met-enkephalin [Arg6, Phe7] in both caudate and chromaffin granule extracts was confirmed by reverse-phase chromatography of the previously sized fractions. It appears then that the processing of precursors of opioid peptides is directed, in the caudate, to the synthesis and storage of the enkephalins and of Met-enkephalin [Arg6, Phe7]; in the adrenal medulla the major products of precursor processing are a variety of polypeptides of larger sizes.
A Journey with Symbolic Interaction

In this cranky and arrogant chapter I consider several aspects of my use of symbolic interactionist perspectives on my research and thinking. The following are the elements of the chapter: (1) the historical context of my initial encounter with symbolic interactionism (SI); (2) my interpretation of key ideas of SI; (3) its relation to specific research of mine; (4) the relation of other perspectives to my research; and (5) some critiques of SI. I conclude with a truncated discussion of my dissatisfaction with the overtheorizing and overscientizing of sociology. Seeking balance, I end with predictions of a grand and glorious future.
Measurement of Spectral Distribution of Positron Flux in an Infinite Copper Medium Containing Cu 64

The spectral distribution of the flux of positrons inside a beta radioactive medium was experimentally determined using an anthracene coincidence scintillation spectrometer. Positrons leaving a copper cavity or plane source containing ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{64}$ were absorbed in a thin anthracene crystal. The light pulses from the anthracene were analyzed and recorded if a NaI scintillation spectrometer nearby recorded simultaneously a count under the total absorption peak for annihilation radiation. Thus anthracene pulses due to absorption of negatrons and secondary electrons were not recorded. The spectra were corrected for the nonlinear pulse-height-energy characteristic of anthracene by using a semiempirical theory of Birks. This correction was shown to change an observed nonlinear Fermi plot of ${\mathrm{Pm}}^{147}$ to the accepted linear shape. The positron spectra were compared with the theoretical continuous slowing-down model. Over the range measured (20-650 keV) it was concluded that the continuous-slowing-down model gives the correct shape for the primary slowing-down spectrum for the cavity source, but that the plane source exhibited a deficiency of low-energy positrons.
Suburban Neighborhood Poverty in U.S. Metropolitan Areas in 2000

Suburban areas have become more diverse and stratified in the United States, with a particularly striking increase in poverty, challenging theories that conceptualize poverty predominantly as a cen...
Pharmacokinetics of Theophylline in Hepatic Disease

The disposition of theophylline was examined in eight male cirrhotic (six proven by biopsy) patients without heart failure. An oral dose of 100 mg of theophylline per square meter of surface area was administered, and samples of serum and saliva were collected from 0 to 60 hours and were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatographic techniques. Controls were 57 young normal subjects and 25 age-matched patients. The body clearance of theophylline in cirrhotic patients was low, averaging 18.8 ± 11.3 ml/kg/hr (± SD) vs 53.7 ± 19.3 and 63.0 ±28.5 ml/kg/hr in the control patients and the normal subjects, respectively. The half-life of theophylline in cirrhotic patients was prolonged, with a mean of 28.8 ± 14.3 hours compared to 6.0 ± 2.1 hours in normal subjects. Patients with cirrhosis proven by biopsy had significantly lower values for body clearance and longer half-lives than subjects without biopsies. The values for body clearance correlated well with the serum level of bilirubin (r = —0.84) and the serum level of bile acids (r = —0.81). The slow and variable metabolism in cirrhotic patients necessitates a reduction in the maintenance dosage of aminophylline to 0.20 to 0.45 mg/kg/hr and monitoring of the serum level during therapy.
Viral-mediated noisy gene expression reveals biphasic E2f1 response to MYC.

Gene expression mediated by viral vectors is subject to cell-to-cell variability, which limits the accuracy of gene delivery. When coupled with single-cell measurements, however, such variability provides an efficient means to quantify signaling dynamics in mammalian cells. Here, we illustrate the utility of this approach by mapping the E2f1 response to MYC, serum stimulation, or both. Our results revealed an underappreciated mode of gene regulation: E2f1 expression first increased, then decreased as MYC input increased. This biphasic pattern was also reflected in other nodes of the network, including the miR-17-92 microRNA cluster and p19Arf. A mathematical model of the network successfully predicted modulation of the biphasic E2F response by serum and a CDK inhibitor. In addition to demonstrating how noise can be exploited to probe signaling dynamics, our results reveal how coordination of the MYC/RB/E2F pathway enables dynamic discrimination of aberrant and normal levels of growth stimulation.
Field evaluation of portable and central site PM samplers emphasizing additive and differential mass concentration estimates

Abstract The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) and the accompanying Federal Reference Method (FRM) for PM 10 in 1987. The EPA revised the particle standards and FRM in 1997 to include PM 2.5. In 2005, EPA proposed revisions to this NAAQS to include PM 10–2.5 but only finalized revisions with a PM 2.5 FRM and the development of a national monitoring network in 2006. Presently, no EPA designated reference or equivalent method sampler has the ability to directly measure the mass concentrations of PM 10 , PM 10–2.5 , and PM 2.5 simultaneously. An additive approach has been used for samplers like the dichotomous monitors to calculate PM 10 mass concentrations from independent measures of PM 10–2.5 and PM 2.5 (i.e. PM 10 = PM 10–2.5 + PM 2.5 ). A differential approach has been used to calculate PM 10–2.5 from identical collocated PM 10 and PM 2.5 samplers (i.e. PM 10–2.5 = PM 10 –PM 2.5 ). Since these two approaches have been used widely for PM measurements, it is informative to evaluate their precision and comparability. EPA performed collocated tests of five different particle samplers in the Research Triangle Park area of North Carolina to evaluate the comparability and to characterize the additive and differential approaches used to determine particle mass concentrations. The intra-sampler precision of MiniVol, Omni, and dichotomous samplers was less than 8.4%. The precision of PM 10 measurements using the additive approach with dichotomous samplers was less than 3.5%. The poorest precision of the various PM 10–2.5 differential approaches was less than 15.1%. No zero or negative PM 10–2.5 concentrations were calculated using the differential approach. A coefficient of determination of 0.81 or higher was obtained for all paired comparison of PM 10–2.5. The reported test results show that concentrations calculated from both the additive and differential approaches generally agree among the portable samplers, the more established dichotomous sampler and the Federal Reference Methods
An improved method for analyzing coenzyme Q homologues and multiple detection of rare biological samples

We have developed a simple method for the estimation of coenzyme Q homologues, neurotransmitters, metal ions, lipid peroxidation, gene expression, and DNA fragmentation simultaneously from genetically engineered mice brain regions and cultured neurons. The primary objective of this study was to improve conventional time-consuming, cumbersome, and less efficient procedures, and reduce the cost of conducting kinetic studies in rare biological samples. The improved method is novel, precise, efficient, accurate, sensitive, economical, versatile, and highly reproducible. The recovery and shelf life of coenzyme Q homologues was significantly increased and the chromatograms exhibited reduced background and retention times. It is envisaged that in addition to coenzyme Q homologues, the improved method could be utilized for the multiple analyses of DNA, RNA and proteins from clinically significant biopsy and autopsy samples.
High Heat Flux Cooling by Liquid Jet‐Array Modules

Liquid jet impingement has a demonstrated capacity for high heat flux cooling. Here, we describe the use of a waterjet array in removing heat fluxes of 1 to 17 MW/m 2 over an area of 10 cm 2 . The jet array size may be increased for thermal management of larger areas. Cooling in this system is by single-phase convection. Metal film resistance heaters have been developed for testing purposes.
Renormalized atoms: Cohesion in transition metals

The renormalized-atom method is used to calculate the cohesive energy of the 3d and 4d transition-metal elements and the equilibrium lattice constant and bulk modulus of two representative elements, Ti and Cu. The results agree with experiment to within 20% for most elements. The method of calculation allows the cohesive energy to be decomposed into a number of contributions whose relative importance can be investigated both as a function of valence and as a function of density. No evidence of d--d repulsion is found for the transition or noble metals. Instead, the ''spring'' which holds the atoms apart is the result of the increasing kinetic energy of the conduction electrons as the density is increased. The d--d interaction is uniformly attractive and produces the minimum in the Wigner--Seitz radius near the center of a transition-metal period. Band structures calculated from renormalized-atom and X..cap alpha.. potentials are compared, and the relationships among them are discussed in some detail.
Bioavailability-based toxicity endpoints of bifenthrin for Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus

Recent studies have determined that techniques, such as solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers and Tenax beads, can predict bioaccumulation and potentially could predict toxicity for several compounds and species. Toxicity of bifenthrin was determined using two standard sediment toxicity tests with the benthic species Hyalella azteca and Chironomus dilutus in three reference sediments with different characteristics. The objectives of the current study were to establish bioavailability-based median lethal concentrations (LC50) and median effect concentrations (EC50) of the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin, compare their ability to assess toxicity to the use of whole sediment concentrations, as well as to make comparisons of the concentrations derived using each method in order to make assessments of accuracy and extrapolation potential. Four metrics were compared including SPME fiber concentration, pore water concentration derived using SPMEs, 6 h Tenax extractable concentration, and 24 h Tenax extractable concentration. The variation among the LC50s and EC50s in each sediment derived using bioavailability-based methods was comparable to variation among organic carbon normalized sediment concentrations, but improved over whole sediment concentrations. There was a significant linear relationship between SPME or Tenax and organic carbon normalized sediment concentrations. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between the SPME and Tenax concentrations across sediments. The significant linear relationship between SPME and Tenax concentrations further demonstrates that these bioavailability-based endpoints are interrelated. This study derived bioavailability-based benchmarks that may prove to be more accurate than sediment-based ones in predicting toxicity across sediment types.
Separation of fatty Ester-Mercuric acetate adducts of alumina

A Chromatographic procedure is described for the elution separation on alumina for 100-mg samples of methyl palmitate and fatty estermercuric acetate adducts. Oleate and linoleate were obtainable in pure form; however, the linolenate adduct did not separate completely from the linoleate adduct. For quantitative results the use of alumina of proper activity and basicity is essential. Ether with small amounts of acetic acid is a suitable eluant. Since the original esters can be regenerated easily the ability to isolate individually the oleate and the linoleate adducts in high yield can be useful in radiobiochemical work.
DNA detection using organic thin film transistors: Optimization of DNA immobilization and sensor sensitivity

Advancements in research and technology are happening now more than ever in the biotechnology industry. Better detection and treatment methods, specifically targeted towards personalized systems, are constantly being sought by researchers. Collaboration among different fields of science and technology has brought us one step closer towards achieving this goal. Recently, the use of pentacene thin film transistors as DNA hybridization detection systems has been demonstrated, leading to the possibility of their use in the implementation of electrically read low-cost DNA microarrays. Physical adsorptive immobilization, the mechanism through which DNA immobilizes on pentacene, highlights the importance of the topology of the pentacene film surface for immobilization of DNA and the sensitivity of the sensor. DNA is known to segregate to topological features on pentacene surface. We are able to exploit the control of pentacene evaporation conditions to tune pentacene film morphology to maximize sensitivity. In this paper, we demonstrate and analyze DNA detection using optimized films.
Retrograde access via the popliteal artery to facilitate the re-entry technique for recalcitrant superficial femoral artery chronic total occlusions.

Subintimal recanalization is beneficial in selected patients with peripheral chronic total occlusions (CTO). However, in complex cases, re-entry into the true arterial lumen may prove to be unsuccessful with a conventional guidewire or a re-entry catheter when using standard femoral artery access. Our case series describes these technical dilemmas along with strategies that can be utilized to overcome these challenges. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spiral-wave dynamics in a simple model of excitable media: The transition from simple to compound rotation.

Two-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations with simple reaction kinetics are used to study the dynamics of spiral waves in excitable media. Detailed numerical results are presented for the transition from simple (periodic) rotation to compound (quasiperiodic) rotation of spiral waves. It is shown that this transition occurs via a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and that there is no frequency locking within the quasiperiodic regime.
High surface area α-aluminas III. Oxidation of ethylene, ethylene oxide, and acetaldehyde over silver dispersed on high surface area α-alumina

Abstract Silver nanocrystallites dispersed on high surface area (HSA) α-alumina were prepared, and the activity and selectivity to ethylene oxide (EO) during ethylene oxidation over these catalysts were determined in the absence of Cl promoters. Cesium was also added to some of the samples to neutralize any surface acidity. Over all the Ag/ (HSA) α-Al2O3 catalysts, the selectivity to EO was negligible regardless of the addition of cesium while the apparent activation energy for carbon dioxide formation of 110 kJ mol−1 over the unpromoted samples was higher than that of 80 kJ mol−1 over a low surface area (LSA) α-alumina-supported silver catalyst. When this latter catalyst with selectivity to EO was mixed with (HSA) α-Al2O3, only carbon dioxide and water were obtained as a final product. EO isomerization and oxidation as well as acetaldehyde oxidation were also studied, and both silver and the support were found to be active in these reactions; hence these (HSA) α-aluminas are poor supports for ethylene epoxidation. In contrast to a promoting effect obtained at low concentrations in commercial catalysts, the higher loadings of cesium on these Ag/ (HSA) α-Al2O3 catalysts increased the turnover frequency of ethylene oxidation as well as the rates of EO and acetaldehyde oxidation, while the apparent activation energy for ethylene combustion decreased to 80 kJ mol−1 in the presence of cesium.
Responses of Arabidopsis and Wheat to Rising CO2 Depend on Nitrogen Source and Nighttime CO2 Levels

A major contributor to the global carbon cycle is plant respiration. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations may either accelerate or decelerate plant respiration for reasons that have been uncertain. We recently established that elevated CO2 during the daytime decreases plant mitochondrial respiration in the light and protein concentration because CO2 slows the daytime conversion of nitrate (NO3−) into protein. This derives in part from the inhibitory effect of CO2 on photorespiration and the dependence of shoot NO3− assimilation on photorespiration. Elevated CO2 also inhibits the translocation of nitrite into the chloroplast, a response that influences shoot NO3− assimilation during both day and night. Here, we exposed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants to daytime or nighttime elevated CO2 and supplied them with NO3− or ammonium as a sole nitrogen (N) source. Six independent measures (plant biomass, shoot NO3−, shoot organic N, 15N isotope fractionation, 15NO3− assimilation, and the ratio of shoot CO2 evolution to O2 consumption) indicated that elevated CO2 at night slowed NO3− assimilation and thus decreased dark respiration in the plants reliant on NO3−. These results provide a straightforward explanation for the diverse responses of plants to elevated CO2 at night and suggest that soil N source will have an increasing influence on the capacity of plants to mitigate human greenhouse gas emissions.
Das Leben als Überbrettl: Liliencrons Epos »Poggfred«

Poggfred ist wohl das umstrittenste Werk Liliencrons. Die Urteile reichen von hochstem Lob (Thomas Mann) zu volliger Ablehnung (Ermatinger). Besonders die Frage nach dem Platz des Epos in der deutschen Literaturgeschichte ist bisher ungeklart geblieben. War Poggfred nur ein »epixher Nachzugler« (Wiegand) oder ein Neubeginn? Die These, die in diesem Aufsatz aufgestellt wird, ist, dass Liliencron besonders durch die Einbeziehung kabarettistischer Mittel und der Umkehrung der traditionellen Regeln Ahnliches fur das moderne Epos geleistet hat wie Bertolt Brecht fur das moderne Drama.
Uses of APL in a manufacturing environment

This paper describes the use of APL as a node of a high speed communications network. APL is used by the engineering community for statistical data analysis and for the creation of reports. These results are used to keep management informed of manufacturing status and to improve process control.
P450 SUBFAMILY CYP2J AND THEIR ROLE IN THE BIOACTIVATION OF ARACHIDONIC ACID IN EXTRAHEPATIC TISSUES

Historically, there has been intense interest in P450 metabolic oxidation, peroxidation, and reduction of xenobiotics. More recently, there has been a growing appreciation for the role of P450s in the oxidation of lipophilic endobiotics, such as bile acids, fat-soluble vitamins, and eicosanoids. This review details the emerging CYP2J subfamily of P450s and their role as catalysts of arachidonic acid metabolism.
Uptake of [U-14C]glucose into subcellular particles of wheat seedling roots

Abstract Etiolated seedling roots from Triticum vulgarae were pulsed 2 hr with [U- 14 C]glucose. Root tips were homogenized in a glass-Teflon homogenizer. After preliminary purification, the subcellular particles were separated on a sucrose density gradient. Particulate bands were obtained corresponding to densities of 1.137(T), 1.167(M), 1.206(B), and a pellet > 1.22(P). Subcellular particles that could be identified by electron microscopy in the respective fractions were as follows: T-golgi dictyosomes, M-microsomes and perhaps lysosomes, B-mitochondria and vesicles or lysosomes, P-mitochondria and lysosomes or vesicles. Each fraction contained base-soluble, radioactive, high molecular weight material, which was more heavily concentrated in the bottom band and pellet and was only slightly degraded by pronase. More than 50% of the pronase-resistant material from the combined fractions could be hydrolyzed to radioactive xylose, arabinose, and galactose by acid or hemicellulase. It was concluded that a hemicellulose -like polysaccharide is widely distributed throughout the subcellular particles of wheat seedling roots.
FERB Needs Your Support: Awards Three Times the Scholarships

Last year, an unprecedented number of students were given travel scholarships to attend the Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (AAPB) meeting in Portland and present their work. Forty students attended, three times the number in previous years. For the upcoming meeting in Savannah, students are again encouraged to apply for travel scholarships and research awards. However, to continue supporting students at this level, additional financial support is requested from the AAPB membership. Contributors will be acknowledged in the program brochure.
Multiple monomorphic ventricular tachycardia configurations predict failure of antiarrhythmic drug therapy guided by electrophysiologic study

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the induction at electrophysiologic study of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardias with multiple QRS complex configurations predicted failure of subsequent serial electrophysiologic study guided antiarrhythmic drug testing. Background. Ventricular tachycardias with multiple QRS complex configurations are associated with failure of surgical therapy for ventricular tachycardia. As such, the presence of multiple monomorphic QRS complex ventricular tachycardias during electrophysiologic testing may predict failure of subsequent medical therapy. Methods. Fifty-one consecutive patients with coronary artery disease had reproducible induction of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia during a baseline electrophysiologic study. Each patient then underwent a mean of 1.5 antiarrhythmic drug trials. An antiarrhythmic drug regimen that suppressed induction of ventricular tachycardia was identified in 13 (26%) of the 51 patients. Results. Patients with only one inducible monomorphic QRS complex ventricular tachycardia at baseline study were more likely to have an antiarrhythmic drug regimen identified that suppressed inducible ventricular tachycardia than were patients with multiple monomorphic QRS complex ventricular tachycardias (12 [36%] of 33 patients vs. 1 [6%] of 18, p = 0.04). In seven patients with only one induced configuration of ventricular tachycardia, a second monomorphic ventricular tachycardia with a different QRS complex configuration occurred during attempts at pacing termination of the induced ventricular tachycardia. None of these seven patients then had successful drug suppression of inducible ventricular tachycardia. Thus, 12 (46%) of 26 patients with a single monomorphic QRS complex ventricular tachycardia observed at baseline study had successful serial drug testing compared with 1 (4%) of 25 patients with multiple QRS complex ventricular tachycardia configurations (p = 0.002). Conclusions. The induction or observation of multiple monomorphic QRS complex ventricular tachycardias at baseline electrophysiologic study predicted failure of subsequent serial electrophysiologic study-guided antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
Inner-shell photodetachment: Shape and Feshbach resonances of anions

Abstract Inner-shell photoexcitation and photodetachment studies in strongly correlated systems are presented, with the focus on selected shape and Feshbach resonance studies, and inner-shell threshold measurements conducted on anions at the Advanced Light Source. We highlight the observations of simultaneous double-Auger decay from the He− 2 s 2 p 2 P 4 hollow ion state and the formation of shape and Feshbach resonances when filling a vacancy in the valence shell with a core electron in oxygen-group elements and transition metal anions. Measurements of inner-shell thresholds have also led to the first measurements of core-excited neutral states in a number of species.
Implementation of integrated information systems: a comparison of field studies with IS literatures

Integrated information systems (IISs) enable electronic access to design and engineering data throughout a system's life cycle, but companies have been slow to develop the systems. A field study in 1992 of five organizations that were judged to be successful in implementing IISs examined the management perspective on the goals, motives, and factors critical to successful implementation. The results are compared with the results of a similar study in 1984 and with the MIS implementation and strategic IS (SIS) literatures. The comparison suggests that managers' views have shifted and neither the MIS implementation nor the SIS research paradigm adequately encompasses the findings. The paper concludes with suggestions for MIS implementation research to enlarge the boundaries of the systems being studied and for SIS research to explicitly state the underlying assumptions and models. >
School nurses' perceptions of and experiences with head lice

ABSTRACT: Researchers examined school nurses' perceptions of head lice, perceived self-efficacy in dealing with head lice, and personal experience in reducing head lice problems. Survey data from a two-wave mailing from 382 school nurses found most nurses supported a “no-nit” rule of forced absenteeism of any child with nits in their hair (60%). They perceived OTC treatments for head lice as very effective in killing adult lice (66%), and 9% perceived them as not effective. Nurses had a high efficacy expectation regarding their ability to control head lice (63%), and they had high outcome expectations regarding the results of their work with students and families of students (66%). Most nurses received their information about head lice from professional journals (76%) and professional conferences/conventions (62%).
Weighted Quasi-Newton and Variable-Order, Variable-Step Adams Algorithm for Determining Site-Specific Reaction Rate Constants

A weighted quasi-Newton algorithm for function minimization and a variable-order, variable-step Adams algorithm for ordinary differential equations were combined to solve site-specific gas-phase reaction rate constants. If the systems appear to be “stiff”, smaller steps were taken in Adams method to search for the solution. A user supplied error tolerance was used to determine the accuracy of the solution. Upon the return of each solution, a weighted algorithm is introduced into the calculation of Χ2 to minimize interference from noise. Lower and upper bounds for reagent fraction and rate constants were applied to ensure the validity of the results. The search direction is calculated by a quasi-Newton algorithm. When a saddle point is suspected, a local search is carried out with a view to moving away from the saddle point. The information obtained from site-specific rate constants may provide further insight into the reaction mechanism as well as gas-phase structure. It can be applied to gas-phase H/D ex...
Determination of cadmium in blood, plasma, and urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry after isolation by anion-exchange chromatography.

Abstract The determination of cadmium in whole blood, urine, or plasma by atomic absorption using electrothermal atomization is described. In preparation for atomic absorption analysis, cadmium was concentrated on an anion-exchange column, significantly lowering the limit of detection and allowing for the first time the accurate and precise determination of plasma cadmium concentrations in persons/animals with low-level cadmium exposures. Recovery of 109 Cd from spiked whole blood, plasma, and urine into supernatants of nitric acid-de-proteinated samples averaged 99, 100, and 95%, respectively. Anion-exchange isolation of the anionic chlorocadmium complex removed 99.8% of the major elements associated with a deproteinated whole blood sample. The recovery of 109 Cd from the anion-exchange column was 92.2±0.9% (mean ± SE, N = 35). The separation of cadmium from constituents in blood, urine, or plasma in this manner allowed comparison of unknown samples to aqueous standards with a defined acid matrix using commercially available acids. The mean intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was 12 ± 3% (mean ± SE, N = 6) for blood, plasma, and urine samples having cadmium concentrations of 0.1 – 0.8 μg/liter. The interassay CV was 13% ( N = 7) for a blood sample containing 0.6 μg Cd/liter. The recovery of known amounts of cadmium added to blood, plasma, and urine in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 μg Cd/liter was 97 ± 6% (mean ± SE, N = 4).
Dealing with AIDS and the adolescent population.

AIDS is a lethal disease that poses a major threat to adolescents who engage in high-risk behaviors such as unsafe sex and IV drug use. It is estimated that 21 percent of individuals diagnosed with AIDS in their 20s were infected as teens. Public health officials maintain that education is the best strategy for limiting spread of the disease; however, unique development attributes of adolescents present barriers to this approach. These barriers can be breached through a variety of interactive educational strategies designed specifically for the adolescent audience. The critical messages to get across are that "safe sex is condom protected sex," and "don't share needles."
Analysis of human crystalline lens accommodation

The behavior of the human crystalline lens during accommodation is analytically studied. The lens is modeled as a closed axisymmetrical membrane shell of varying thickness enclosing an incompressible liquid. To simulate zonular tension associated with lenticular accommodation, an axisymmetrical radial force or displacement is imposed around the shell equator. Two second-order, simultaneous, nonlinear governing differential equations are derived. Numerical results, obtained from the investigation of human lens profiles of three independently published MRI images and a drawing of a microphotograph, demonstrate that when zonular traction within the physiological force range of the ciliary muscle is exerted, both central lens thickness and central optical power increase. Qualitatively, these increases are independent of lens shape. However, the magnitude of these changes is dependent on the initial profile of the lens and is enhanced by the "natural" variation in capsular thickness. Only when a pulling force significantly exceeds the force capacity of the ciliary muscle does the lens flatten and its central thickness and optical power decrease.
Fluorescence spectra of Titan tholins: in-situ detection of astrobiologically interesting areas on Titan's surface

Abstract We report the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of Titan tholins in water and acetonitrile, and separate some of the fluorescent components of tholins using two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. In acetonitrile, tholins exhibit a broad fluorescence with a maximum at 471 nm, and an excitation maximum at 410 nm. The fluorescence spectrum of a water extraction displays a more complicated spectrum with multiple peaks. TLC results indicate the presence of at least three distinct fluorescent species. In addition, we obtained the two-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of tholins in water ice at 77 K, close to the surface temperature of Titan. The fluorescence of tholins in a 77 K ice matrix is red-shifted in comparison to a water solution, and undergoes a further red-shift when the water solution is heated prior to freezing. These results suggest that a simple fluorescence probe could be used on the surface of Titan to identify sites where tholins have been mixed with water, and possibly reveal information about the extent of heating the tholin–water mixture has undergone. This would be useful for a future mission with the goal of examining the organic chemistry of Titan.
Direct recording of high resolution mass spectra of gas chromatographic effluents—Reprinted fromAnal. Chem.,37, 844 (1965)

This article is © 1965 American Chemical Society, and permission has not been granted for it to be reproduced in electronic form.
A 3-Slope Theorem for the infinite relaxation in the plane

In this paper we consider the infinite relaxation of the corner polyhedron with 2 rows. For the 1-row case, Gomory and Johnson proved in their seminal paper a sufficient condition for a minimal function to be extreme, the celebrated 2-Slope Theorem. Despite increased interest in understanding the multiple row setting, no generalization of this theorem was known for this case. We present an extension of the 2-Slope Theorem for the case of 2 rows by showing that minimal 3-slope functions satisfying an additional regularity condition are facets (and hence extreme). Moreover, we show that this regularity condition is necessary, unveiling a structure which is only present in the multi-row setting.
A Fuzzy Logic Trail Finding Algorithm Trained With Human Knowledge

This paper presents a method for developing a fuzzy logic trail finding algorithm using a technique called embedding human knowledge. The trail finding algorithm was trained to find the pixels in images that closely resemble those that were classified as belonging to a forest trail by a human analyst. The relationship of the fuzzy logic system to a classical logic system is discussed as a method for training the fuzzy sets to mimic a human. The results show that the method outlined in this paper reduced the error in the fuzzy logic system by 99%. More generally, this method can be applied to many different situations to find features in images quickly and effectively.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Intelligent information triage

In many applications, large volumes of time-sensitive textual information require triage: rapid, approximate prioritization for subsequent action. In this paper, we explore the use of prospective indications of the importance of a time-sensitive document, for the purpose of producing better document filtering or ranking. By prospective, we mean importance that could be assessed by actions that occur in the future. For example, a news story may be assessed (retrospectively) as being important, based on events that occurred after the story appeared, such as a stock price plummeting or the issuance of many follow-up stories. If a system could anticipate (prospectively) such occurrences, it could provide a timely indication of importance. Clearly, perfect prescience is impossible. However, sometimes there is sufficient correlation between the content of an information item and the events that occur subsequently. We describe a process for creating and evaluating approximate information-triage procedures that are based on prospective indications. Unlike many information-retrieval applications for which document labeling is a laborious, manual process, for many prospective criteria it is possible to build very large, labeled, training corpora automatically. Such corpora can be used to train text classification procedures that will predict the (prospective) importance of each document. This paper illustrates the process with two case studies, demonstrating the ability to predict whether a news story will be followed by many, very similar news stories, and also whether the stock price of one or more companies associated with a news story will move significantly following the appearance of that story. We conclude by discussing how the comprehensibility of the learned classifiers can be critical to success.}