cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commercial polymer films as calibration standards for EIS measurements

Abstract The current protocol regarding calibration and troubleshooting of potentiostats used to conduct electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements on coated metals involves dummy cells made of simple electrical components. This concept has two major limitations: first, the instrument is used at an impedance range it has not been calibrated for—the instrument is calibrated for impedances in the order of ohms, but corrosion protective coatings usually have impedance values in the range of GΩ cm 2 or higher; second, commercial coating systems do rarely behave like ideal equivalent circuits of electronic components. In view of these limitations, we propose the use of thin polymer films such as PVF or poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) as new calibration standards for EIS measurements. These films are well defined in thickness and composition and give a highly reproducible response when subjected to EIS measurements. In addition, they closely mimic commercial coating systems with regard to target impedance range and electrical characteristics.
Patient-provider concordance with behavioral change goals drives measures of motivational interviewing consistency

Objective Motivational Interviewing (MI) consistent talk by a counselor is thought to produce “change talk” in clients. However, it is possible that client resistance to behavior change can produce MI inconsistent counselor behavior.
A preliminary evaluation of the effect of lofexidine on vasomotor flushes in post-menopausal women.

This is a preliminary study of a new orally administered alpha-adrenergic agonist, lofexidine, to establish its effectiveness in the control of vasomotor flushes (VMF) in five post-menopausal women. The initial dose of lofexidine, 0.1 mg b.i.d., was increased by 0.1 mg b.i.d. every two weeks until VMF disappeared, until side-effects became intolerable, or until a maximum dose of 0.6 mg b.i.d. was reached. When the maximum dose for these criteria was reached, there was a patient-blinded crossover to placebo. Each patient recorded her VMF each day and was monitored by finger thermistor for three hours every two weeks to record VMF. At the maximum tolerated dose, the patients had an average 74% (P less than 0.001) decrease in subjectively noted VMF, and a 61% (P less than 0.05) decrease in VMF objectively measured by finger thermistor. The side-effects (dry mouth, fatigue, headache) became intolerable for one patient at 0.3 mg b.i.d. and for one patient at 0.5 mg b.i.d. Two patients tolerated 0.6 mg b.i.d. Four patients had a return to near baseline numbers of VMF with placebo. Preliminary evidence indicates that lofexidine is probably effective in the treatment of VMF; however, at doses which completely eliminate VMF, the side-effects may become intolerable.
Interspecies Scaling of Receptor-Mediated Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Type I Interferons

Purpose To develop an integrated mechanism-based modeling approach for the interspecies scaling of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of type I interferons (IFNs) that exhibit target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD).
Man of Iron: Representing and Shaping Historical Consciousness Through Film—A Polish Case

Cette etude, consacree au film dans lequel Andrzej Wajda propose une fiction historique narrant la naissance du syndicat Solidarite en Pologne, est l'occasion d'une reflexion sur la conscience historique polonaise, et sur la maniere dont le peuple polonais se represente son histoire recente. L'A. souligne l'importance que joue la personnalisation dans cette representation, et dans la vie politique polonaise en general, et precise dans cette optique le role que jouent les heros politiques reels ou fictionnels polonais. Plus largement, cet article se penche sur l'interpretation de Wajda comme exemple d'une rememoration historique
Single-subject statistical analysis of computer-assisted biofeedback

Single-subject statistics were used to analyze physiological data [electromyographic (EMG) temperature] recorded from two patients receiving computer-assisted biofeedback treatment in a clinic. When the data were analyzed by an ANOVA method or a regression technique, the results demonstrated that both patients learned to significantly reduce EMG levels. The rationale of using single-subject statistics is discussed, and the applicability of the statistical technique to the clinic population is illustrated.
Impact of HLA-H mutations on iron stores in healthy elderly men and women.

Abstract ABSTRACT: The DNA of 287 healthy white elderly volunteers in the New Mexico Aging Process Study, between 63 and 91 years of age, was examined for mutations of the HLA-H gene at nt 845 and nt 187. None were found to be homozygous for the 845A mutation and there were no gender differences in the percentage of the various mutations. The frequency of the 845A mutation was 0.061 resulting in a carrier frequency of 12.2%. The frequency of the 187G mutation was 0.136 resulting in a carrier frequency of 19.9% for a single mutation; 2.4% were compound heterozygous, 845A/187G and 2.4% were homozygous for the 187G mutation. After excluding 5 men and 4 women with microcytic or macrocytic anemia, mean percent transferrin saturation (PSAT) and iron stores, as estimated from serum ferritin concentrations, were calculated for each mutation. Estimated iron stores were normally distributed (range ∼50 to 1,550 mg) with men (n=111) having significantly higher mean estimated iron stores than women (n=167), 826±318 and 753±287 mg, respectively. More men, 15 of 28, (54%) with estimated iron stores in the upper quartile, ≥1,050 mg, had a HLA-H mutation compared to 25 of 83 (30%) who had a mutation and whose estimated iron stores were
The effect of stoplights on traffic noise

A study was undertaken to determine how the noise level due to free‐flowing traffic is affected by the insertion of a traffic light. Field measurements were taken at eight different traffic light locations, representing two configurations; that of two intersecting straight roads and tee junctions. A reference level, measured at a point where traffic noise was unaffected by the intersection, was used in conjunction with the NRC traffic noise prediction model to assess the change in noise level in the region about the traffic light.
The electronic spectrum of biphenyl

Abstract The reflection spectra from two faces of biphenyl single crystals have been measured in the wavelength range 300 to 130 nm. Absorption spectra obtained by Kramers—Kronig analysis of the reflection data have been used to determine the transition moment directions of seven allowed singlet transitions. The results of exciton mixing calculations are shown to be consistent with our interpretation of the data. The assignments are compared to existing theoretical calculations of the electronic states of biphenyl.
A literature review of concentrations and size distributions of ambient airborne Pb-containing particulate matter

Abstract The final 2008 lead (Pb) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) revision maintains Pb in total suspended particulate matter as the indicator. However, the final rule permits the use of low-volume PM10 (particulate matter sampled with a 50% cut-point of 10 μm) Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors in lieu of total suspended particulate (TSP) monitors for some non-source-oriented monitoring. PM10 FRM monitors are known to provide more reliable concentration measurements than TSP samplers because they are omni-directional samplers and so are not biased by wind conditions. However, by design they exclude the upper tail of the particle size distribution. Hence, each monitor produces uncertainties about measured concentrations of Pb-bearing PM. Uncertainties in reported Pb data are also related to spatiotemporal variation of the concentration and size distribution of Pb-bearing PM. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review was performed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the concentration and size distribution of Pb particles in the atmosphere. The objectives of this review were to compile data that could shed light on these uncertainties, to provide insights useful during future Pb NAAQS reviews, and to identify areas where more research is needed. Results of this review indicated that Pb size distribution data are relatively limited and often outdated. Thirty-nine articles were found to have sufficiently detailed information regarding airborne Pb concentrations, study location, sample collection methods, and analytical techniques; only 16 of those papers reported Pb concentration data for multiple size fractions. For the most part, U.S. and European studies from the last forty years illustrate that the largest mode of the size distribution of airborne particle-bound Pb has shifted to larger sizes while airborne Pb concentrations have decreased in urban areas. This shift occurred as tetraethyl Pb additives in gasoline were phased out and industrial emissions and resuspended road dust became more important sources of Pb. Several studies also suggested the occurrence of long-range transport of Pb-bearing PM from industrial emissions. Uncertainties associated with these studies include influence of wind speed and direction on captured concentrations and variability in analytical techniques used to quantify Pb concentrations on the reported size distributions.
Subsurface Stratigraphy of the Kinderhook-New Albany Strata in Illinois: ABSTRACT

This paper summarizes the subsurface occurrence of the Kinderhook-New Albany succession in Illinois and shows the relationships of the formations and facies from place to place. A zone of relatively thinner strata extending northeasterly from the Ozark uplift divides the region into two sedimentary provinces. Southeast of this zone the succession is predominantly hard, black New Albany shale capped by the Rockford limestone. Its thickness increases southeasterly to a maximum in Gallatin and Hardin counties. Along the zone of relatively thinner strata the black shale is overlain by gray and greenish shales and siltstones in turn overlain by the Rockford limestone. In a limited area northwest of the zone, as far as Calhoun, Green, Macoupin, and Montgomery counties, the upward succession is the black Grassy Creek shale, the Louisiana limestone, the blue Maple Mill shale and siltstone, and the Chouteau limestone. The Chouteau limestone is shown to be the westerly equivalent of the Rockford limestone. Farther northwest, as far as the Kinderhook occurs in Illinois, the black shale grades upward through grayish brown into gray and blue shales, succeeded by the English River siltstone, the McCraney limestone, and the Prospect Hill siltstone. The total thickness of these strata reaches a maximum in Hancock County. There is an erosional unconformity between the Kinderhook and overlying Osage group. A number of cross sections and isopach maps illustrate correlations and changes in thickness and facies of the strata throughout their subsurface occurrence in Illinois. End_of_Article - Last_Page 915------------
Results of cortisone and ACTH treatment of rheumatic fever.

Summary The results of cortisome and ACTH therapy in 122 closely followed cases of active rheumatic fever with carditis have been presented. The number of deaths occurring among all rheumatic fever admissions during the period of availability of hormone for therapy has been less than among a similar earlier group. The incidence of reversal of signs of valvular lesions in first attacks of hormone-treated patients has been greater than that of the prehormone period. Our criteria for the selection of cases for cortisone or ACTH therapy, the dosage, duration of treatment, and the precautions taken have been stated. We administer these substances only to closely supervised hospitalized patients in whom we can demonstrate active carditis.
Handedness and part-whole relationships: a replication.

Summary Nebes' 1971 experiment reporting a deficit in the performance of left-handed subjects on a measure of part-whole relationships was replicated, controlling for family history of handedness and for experimenter knowledge of subject handedness. No differences were found for any comparisons. Results are examined in relation to similar failures to replicate, indicating that the arc-circle measure does not reliably discriminate any visual-spatial differences associated with handedness.
Angiotensin II Has Multiple Profibrotic Effects in Human Cardiac Fibroblasts

Background—Angiotensin II (Ang II) is implicated in cardiac remodeling and is increasingly recognized for its profibrotic activity. Methods and Results—Because little is known about the direct cellular effects of Ang II on human cardiac fibroblasts, we isolated fibroblasts from ventricles of explanted human hearts and added Ang II (100 nmol/L) to determine its role in growth, extracellular matrix accumulation, and adhesion. To assess which Ang II receptor is involved, Ang II was added in the presence of irbesartan (10 μmol/L), a specific AT1 receptor antagonist; PD 123319 (10 μmol/L), a specific AT2 receptor antagonist, or divalinil (100 nmol/L), an AT4 receptor inhibitor. In human ventricles (n=13), message levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and AT1 receptor were inversely correlated, which suggests a decrease in AT1 receptor expression with progressive heart failure. Northern analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated AT1 receptor in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Ang II increa...
Control of eye movements while recording from single units in the pigmented rat

RESEARCH NOTE CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS WHILE RECORDING FROM SINGLE UNITS IN THE PIGMENTED RAT CAROL M. CICERONE and DA~VIEL G. GREEX Vision Research Laboratory, University of Michigan. Ann Arbor. MI 43103, U.S.A. (Receiced 29 November We report here that in the rat, even under deep Many investigators report recording from single units urethane anesthesia. there are large eye movements in the rodent visual pathway without neuromu~uIar which are not eliminated by the mechanical means relaxants to immobilize the eye. This is in contrast to the situation in the cat where it has been shown of cutting the conjunctiva and sewing on an anchored that neuromuscular blocking agents are required to full eye ring. Neuromuscular blocking agents are required to reduce the movements to a tolerable level. reduce eye movements to a tolerable level (Cleland In addition, we show that with well-regulated and Enroth-CugelI, 1966; Rodk but by locating ing agents were used. A typical result is shown at the projection of the optic disc, she finds slow drifts the top of Fig 1. The elapsed time between each con- of no more than 2 to 3 degihr which were within secutive pair of labeled points is 30min. In the first the tolerance necessary for her experiments. Driiger half hour, eye movements were recorded every j min; thus speculates that large slow drifts may be an arti- in the second half hour, every 15 min. Close monitor- fact caused by glue irritation or the weight of the ing of eye movements is important. If movements had mirror. However, Drfiger and Hubel (1976) report been tracked less closely, say once every hour, then that if tectal coordinates were remapped 3-5 hr after in this example only points a and c would have been the original mapping, a general shift of the projection recorded. An underestimate of eye movements would of up to 15’ in one direction was found. Atthough have been made. Large, slow drifts in one direction Drager and Hubel believe swelling of tissue is the as shown in this record were typical. Also typical were most likely cause for the shift, as they also point out, patterns of movement which included large drifts and eye movements can well account for the observation. intervening periods of up to an hour with very little DrPger also attempted the use of Flaxedil, a neuro- motion. Under this condition, we have recorded slow muscular blocking agent. Without careful regulation drifts of up to 4.5 deg/hr. of the respiration volume, she found unresponsive or With the same preparation we now infused a solu- epileptiform discharges from the cortex, and thus she tion similar to that used in cat (e.g. Rodieck, Pet- abandoned the use of Flaxedil. tigrew. Bishop and Nikara. 1967; Enroth-Cugell and 9a>
Ribbon models of macromolecules

Abstract A smooth 3D ribbon model of a protein is easily constructed by creating a set of nearly parallel B-spline curves fitted to the peptide plane. These models may be coded by residue to depict such information as secondary structure, residue type or temperature factors. The computation of the curves defining the ribbon model is explained in detail. Solid surface models of the protein backbone may be rendered, using the ribbon curve as a basis. Nucleic acid molecules may be represented as ribbon models in much the same fashion. The method is applicable to both vector and raster devices, and is illustrated with the Evans and Sutherland PS300 and the Silicon Graphics Iris workstation.
Complete and Durable Response of Choroid Metastasis from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Systemic Bevacizumab and Chemotherapy

Ocular metastasis from lung cancer is uncommon. We report a patient with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer who was found to have a metastatic lesion in the choroid at the time of presentation. The patient was treated with carboplatin, gemcitabine, and bevacizumab. After three cycles of chemotherapy, radiologic imaging and ophthalmologic examination demonstrated complete resolution of the choroid lesion. This case report demonstrates the durable response of choroidal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer to systemic bevacizumab and chemotherapy.
"What Women Can Do When They Put Their Minds To It": Elaine Showalter And Virago Press

The distinguished literary critic Elaine Showalter made a new contribution to the universe of feminist scholarship during the summer of 2003. Showalter's previous contributions to the field include, of course, the groundbreaking books A Literature of Their Own , Sexual Anarchy , and Inventing Herself , as well as dozens of articles and essays. This particular contribution, however, was in the form of a noteworthy book collection: a nearly complete set of first editions from the London-based, feminist publisher Virago Press. The Virago collection is not Showalter's first gift to Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; in 2002, she gave Rutgers her collection of nineteenth-century Victorian women's novels and writings amassed when she was starting out as a young scholar. Speaking at the Fifteenth Annual Louis Faugeres III Bishop Lecture at the time of this earlier gift, Showalter expressed the hope that others would follow her lead: "Indeed, I want to encourage everyone to enjoy the satisfactions of giving away their books while they are still alive."
Vacuum tubes and their applications

The extensive use of the high-vacuum tube in radio and communication work has resulted from certain remarkable characteristics of these tubes; the “thyratron” has been shown to possess certain other characteristics which mark it as being equally well suited to industrial uses.
New’ and ‘Old’ Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction?

This article questions the prevalent argument that civil wars have fundamentally changed since the end of the cold war. According to this argument, “new” civil wars are different from “old” civil wars along at least three related dimensions—they are caused and motivated by private predation rather than collective grievances and ideological concerns; the parties to these conflicts lack popular support and must rely on coercion; and gratuitous, barbaric violence is dispensed against civilian populations. Recent civil wars, therefore, are distinguished as criminal rather than political phenomena. This article traces the origins of this distinction and argues that it is based on an uncritical adoption of categories and labels, combined with deficient information on “new” civil wars and neglect of recent historical research on “old” civil wars. Perceived differences between post—cold war conflicts and previous civil wars may be attributable more to the demise of readily available conceptual categories caused by the end of the cold war than to the end of the cold war per se.
Mapping Arctic tundra vegetation types using digital SPOT/HRV-XS data A preliminary assessment

Abstract Multispectral (XS) image data recorded by the High Resolution Visible (HRV) sensor aboard the SPOT-1 satellite are being evaluated for the mapping of Arctic tundra vegetation in the Arctic Foothill Province of Alaska. This research is part of a current ecosystems study that requires an efficient means for mapping vegetation types over large areas. Conventional spectral-based image classification techniques were applied to SPOT/HRV-XS data from a single date. The unique characteristics of the vegetation cover (mainly tussock tundra) and illumination conditions of the location necessitated a detailed examination of classification approaches that have generally been applied in mid-latitude studies. Preliminary results suggest that areal estimates of Arctic tundra vegetation types can be made accurately (±2·5 per cent per category), but maps generated by classifying spectral features of SPOT/HRV-XS data alone arc unsuitably accurate (56 per cent). This is partly due to the high occurrence of relative...
Mucopurulent cervicitis as a predictor of chlamydial infection and adverse pregnancy outcome

The role of mucopurulent cervicitis in identifying pregnant women with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and poor pregnancy outcome was examined at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Obstetric Clinic in Baltimore, Maryland. The women studied were at high risk for chlamydial infection (14%), low birthweight (12%), and preterm delivery (13%). Yellow endocervical discharge on a cotton swab had a sensitivity of 23.9%, specificity of 89.4%, and positive predictive value of 28.6% for predicting chlamydial infection. The presence of greater than or equal to 30 polymorphonuclear cells per 1000 x field had a sensitivity of 25.0%, specificity of 87.6% and positive predictive value of 24.3%. Women with cervicitis defined by greater than or equal to 30 polymorphonuclear cells per 1000 x field were twice as likely to deliver a low-birthweight infant. Adjustment for potential confounding variables did not explain this association. The poor sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of mucopurulent cervicitis suggests that this parameter is not a useful screening tool for chlamydial infection in pregnant women. However, mucopurulent cervicitis may be an indicator of increased risk for poor pregnancy outcome.
An Adaptive Utilization Accelerator for Virtualized Environments

One of the key enablers of a cloud provider competitiveness is ability to over-commit shared infrastructure at ratios that are higher than those of other competitors, without compromising non-functional requirements, such as performance. A widely recognized impediment to achieving this goal is so called "Virtual Machines sprawl", a phenomenon referring to the situation when customers order Virtual Machines (VM) on the cloud, use them extensively and then leave them inactive for prolonged periods of time. Since a typical cloud provisioning system treats new VM provision requests according to the nominal virtual hardware specification, an often occurring situation is that the nominal resources of a cloud/pool become exhausted fast while the physical hosts utilization remains low.We present a novel cloud resources scheduler called Pulsar that extends OpenStack Nova Filter Scheduler. The key design principle of Pulsar is adaptivity. It recognises that effective safely attainable over-commit ratio varies with time due to workloads' variability and dynamically adapts the effective over-commit ratio to these changes. We evaluate Pulsar via extensive simulations and demonstrate its performance on the actual OpenStack based testbed running popular workloads.
Laboratory-scale biofiltration of acrylonitrile by Rhodococcus rhodochrous DAP 96622 in a trickling bed bioreactor.

Acrylonitrile (ACN), a volatile component of the waste generated during the production of acrylamide, also is often associated with aromatic contaminants such as toluene and styrene. Biofiltration, considered an effective technique for the treatment of volatile hydrocarbons, has not been used to treat volatile nitriles. An experimental laboratory-scale trickling bed bioreactor using cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous DAP 96622 supported on granular activated carbon (GAC) was developed and evaluated to assess the ability of biofiltration to treat ACN. In addition to following the course of treatability of ACN, kinetics of ACN biodegradation during both recycle batch and open modes of operation by immobilized and free cells were evaluated. For fed-batch mode bioreactor with immobilized cells, almost complete ACN removal (>95%) was achieved at a flow rate of 0.1 μl/min ACN and 0.8 μl/min toluene (TOL) (for comparative purposes this is equivalent to 6.9 mg l−1 h−1 ACN and 83.52 mg l−1 h−1 TOL). In a single-pass mode bioreactor with immobilized cells, at ACN inlet loads of 100–200 mg l−1 h−1 and TOL inlet load of ~400 mg l−1 h−1, with empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 8 min, ACN removal efficiency was ~90%. The three-dimensional structure and characteristics of the biofilm were investigated using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). CLSM images revealed a robust and heterogeneous biofilm, with microcolonies interspersed with voids and channels. Analysis of the precise measurement of biofilm characteristics using COMSTAT® agreed with the assumption that both biomass and biofilm thickness increased along the carbon column depth.
Towards identification of Wiener systems with the least amount of a priori information on the nonlinearity

In this paper, we investigate what constitutes the least amount of a priori information on the nonlinearity so that the FIR linear part is identifiable in the non-Gaussian input case. Three types of a priori information are considered including quadrant information, point information and locally monotonous information. In all three cases, identifiability has been established and corresponding identification algorithms are developed with their convergence proofs.
Conformational analysis of hexadecamethyl-cyclooctasilane, (Me2Si)8

Abstract Conformational analysis of hexadecamethylcyclooctasilane ( 1 ) has been performed using molecular mechanics calculations. Unlike Its hydrocarbon analog, cyclooctane, which adopts a boat-chair (BC) conformation in the ground state, 1 is calculated to adopt a twist-chair-chair (TCC) structure as the lowest energy conformation. Other conformations of 1 are relatively close in energy to the TCC form. A comparison between 1 and cyclooctane is reported.
Mouse embryo manipulations with OCT guidance

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a three-dimensional, non-invasive optical imaging technique that relies on low-coherence interferometry. OCT has the capability of imaging 2 – 3 mm into tissue, which enables imaging of deeper structures within the embryo with a relatively high spatial resolution (2 - 15μm). Within the past decade, OCT has been increasingly used as a live imaging tool for embryonic cardiovascular research in several animal models. Research in our lab has recently shown that OCT can be used in combination with embryo culture for the visualization of early mammalian cardiovascular development (E7.5 – E10.0). Here, we demonstrate that OCT can be used for the guided microinjection of gold-silica nanoshell suspension into the cardiovascular system in live embryos without deleterious effect. This approach shows a promising application for the OCT guided delivery of contrast agents, viral vectors, therapeutic or pharmacological agents, signaling molecules or dyes to specific organ systems or tissues in live embryos and demonstrates a great potential for gold-silica nanoshells as a contrast agent in embryonic studies.
Exposure to intimate partner violence and parental depression increases risk of ADHD in preschool children.

A substantial body of research has documented that exposure to childhood adversity, including witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) and parental depression, influences millions of children annually, and is associated with elevated psycho-pathology in youth.1 However, much of the existing research is limited in ways that impede causal inference and clear clinical implications. Bauer and colleagues should be commended for their study, which found that children whose parents reported IPV and depressive symptoms before age three had increased risk of developing attention deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD) between 3 and 6 years of age, and children whose parents reported depressive symptoms (in the absence of IPV) were more likely to be prescribed psychotropic medications. This study overcomes many common limitations by incorporating valuable design characteristics, including: (1) a prospective design to establish temporal ordering; (2) recruitment from primary-care clinics, resulting in findings that are broadly generalisable; (3) a preschool-age sample, representing a developmental period for which prospective research is limited; (4) use of billing codes and pharmacy claims to ascertain outcomes, which avoids biases associated with parental report and (5) simultaneous consideration of IPV and parental depression, as these adversities often cluster together. This study has important implications for clinical practice because it demonstrates that simple surveillance strategies in clinics are able to identify families experiencing risk factors for mental health problems or psychotropic drug treatment in preschool-age children. Clinicians can use this information to identify families in need of intervention and children who would benefit from prevention-oriented interventions to mitigate risk for psychopathology. Future research is needed to understand whether early identification can be improved by using more robust brief screening measures. It will be important for future studies to evaluate the specificity of these findings for ADHD; it is currently unknown whether this is a developmentally specific outcome that broadens to other forms of psychopathology as children develop. Identifying the psychosocial and neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations may facilitate the development of novel interventions.
PREOPERATIVE HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY FOR RADIATION INDUCED INJURIES

AbstractPurpose: We present our experience with preoperatively administered hyperbaric oxygen therapy to patients who have sustained significant therapeutic radiation induced soft tissue injuries and subsequently undergo planned abdominal intervention/surgery.Materials and Methods: From February 1993 to May 1997, 5 patients with a history of complications following therapeutic radiation were prospectively treated with hyperbaric oxygen before a planned abdominal operation.Results: All patients had uneventful hospital courses. An additional procedure was eventually necessary in 2 patients but with fewer radiation related problems following hyperbaric oxygenation.Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygenation may improve postoperative outcomes when given before planned open operations in patients with previous therapeutic pelvic irradiation and a history of radiation related complications.
Factor V activity in fresh frozen and cryoprecipitate-removed plasma

. Factor V activity was assayed in routinely-prepared fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and in frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate-removed (FPCR). Mean activity in FFP within 1 week of preparation was 86%, but declined to 63% after 2 months of storage at -35°C. Within 1 week of preparation, FPCR factor V activity was 56%; there was little loss of activity during 3 months of freezer storage. The difference between FFP and FPCR is due to loss of factor V activity during the 24 h required for preparation of cryoprecipitate. The factor V activity of either FPCR or stored FFP is probably adequate to provide hemostatic levels in a patient who is severely deficient in factor V.
MULTIPLE- VERSUS SINGLE-INDEX PREDICTORS OF DANGEROUSNESS, SUICIDE, AND OTHER RARE BEHAVIORS

The principle that prediction of low base-rate events based on test signs may be grossly in error in the direction of overprediction is argued to be limited to situations where single-index predictors are used. An example is presented of a three-variable Boolean function which accurately distinguishes 70% of true positive instances and 100% of true negative instances in a situation where the base rate of the predicted event is 100 per 100,000.
The growth of primary subcutaneous fibrosarcoma and its pulmonary metastases in normal and athymic Swiss mice

The growth of primary subcutaneous fibrosarcomas and their pulmonary metastases was studied in normal and athymic Swiss mice. The metastases tended to develop more rapidly than did the primary tumors. However, when growth rates of tumors of small volumes (up to 1 cm3) were compared, the tumor and metastases exhibited similar rates of development in both strains indicating the growth rate of pulmonary metastases was related to that of the tumor of origin. Modified immune reactivity, as in athymic mice, influenced the growth of the same tumor in that the subcutaneous fibrosarcoma exhibited a faster rate of development, while the growth rate of pulmonary metastases decreased, when compared with growth in Swiss mice. Therefore, it appears that growth characteristics of the primary tumor from which metastases originated and the reactivity of the host must be included among the factors determining metastatic growth rates.
Temporal variability of precipitation in the Upper Tennessee Valley

Abstract Study region Upper Tennessee River Basin, United States. Study focus The temporal variation of precipitation in the Upper Tennessee River Basin was investigated by utilizing datasets from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) rain gauge network consisting of 56 rain gauges (1990–2010), and the National Weather Service (NWS) analyzing mean areal precipitation values for 78 subbasins (1950–2009). The Mann–Kendall trend test, Mann–Kendall–Sneyers test, Yamamoto Method, and Morlet's wavelet were applied to reveal precipitation trends and abrupt changes in annual precipitation volumes. New hydrological insights for the region Analyses indicated that: (a) 11% of the 78 subbasins experienced statistically significant increasing or decreasing precipitation over a 50-year period; (b) seasonal precipitation trends based on monthly volumes varied, with the summer and autumn series showing the largest significant increases; (c) abrupt changes in annual precipitation volumes were detected among subbasins corresponding to strong El Nino events; and (d) several subbasins displayed significant periodicities of 1, 6, 18, and 22 years in monthly volumes. These findings provide key information for regional precipitation down-scaling from global climate change models where the Appalachian mountainous terrain greatly impacts down-scaling results.
Ultra-violet time lapse motion picture observations of mitosis in newt cells.

Abstract These data indicate that it is quite feasible to take time lapse motion pictures of the ultra-violet absorption images of living cells as they pass through mitosis. The use of the ultra-violet flying spot television microscope for this purpose makes it possible to reduce the amount of ultra-violet irradiation required to levels which produce no evidence of irradiation damage in the majority of instances. One possible evidence of ultra-violet irradiation damage which was observed, was the development of a pronounced chromosomal bridge persisting entirely through telophase. One change which was questionably related to ultra-violet irradiation was marked accentuation of telophase bubbling. In occasional instances one entire new chromosomal mass was extruded into such a bubble. These phenomena did not, however, appear to be related to the length of time of the ultra-violet scanning as identical findings were observed to occur in similar cells illuminated by visible light and in cells which were displaying these changes at the time ultra-violet scanning began during mitosis. When the chromosomes were physically separated by some distance from each other they were easily individually resolved. When they were in close physical proximity to each other, such as during metaphase, they appeared as a large densely absorbing mass. At no time during mitosis did the absorption of individual chromosomes appear to change. Nuclear reconstruction following telophase was soon followed by a generalized decrease in nuclear absorption but cells were not followed to a complete interphase state.
Identification of Determinants of Interaction between CXCR4 and gp120 of a Dual-tropic HIV-1DH12Isolate

Abstract Using a panel of chimeric viruses and their chimeric envelope glycoproteins, we have previously reported that the V1/V2 or the V3 regions of a dual-tropic primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolate (HIV-1 DH12 ) could individually confer CXCR4 usage when introduced into the backbone of a macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) virus isolate (HIV-1 AD8 ). In this study, chimeric CXCR4–CXCR2 chemokine receptors were employed to identify the determinants involved in the interaction between CXCR4 and the dual-tropic HIV-1 DH12 gp120. Our results indicate that (i) HIV-1 DH12 gp120 interacts primarily with the extracellular domains 1 (E1) and 2 (E2) of CXCR4, (ii) the V1/V2 and the V3 regions interact with different domains of CXCR4, and (iii) the V1/V2 region plays a more critical role in the interaction between CXCR4 and HIV-1 DH12 gp120. Combining our data and those of others suggests that the pattern of CXCR4 usage is highly dependent on HIV-1 isolates. In addition, an M-tropic virus may evolve to become dual-tropic by first acquiring the ability to interact with CXCR4 through the V1/V2 region of gp120.
HLA-A2 molecules in an antigen-processing mutant cell contain signal sequence-derived peptides

THE mutant human cell line T2 is defective in antigen presentation in the context of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules1,2 and also in that transfected T2 cells show poor surface expression of exogenous human class I (HLA) alleles3. Both defects are thought to lie in the transport of antigenic peptides derived from cytosolic proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)1,2 as peptide-deficient class I molecules might be expected to be either unstable or retained in the ER4. The products of several mouse class I (H–2) genes, and the endogenous gene HLA-A2 do, however, reach the surface of T2 cells at reasonable levels although they are non-functional3,5,6. We report here that, as expected, poorly surface-expressed HLA molecules do not significantly bind endogenous peptides. Surprisingly, H–2 omolecules expressed in T2 also lack associated peptides, arguing that 'empty' complexes of mouse class I glycoproteins with human β2-microglobulin are neither retained in the ER nor unstable. HLA-A2 molecules, however, do bind high levels of a limited set of endogenous peptides. We have sequenced three of these peptides and find that two, a 9-mer and an 11-mer, are derived from a putative signal sequence (of IP-30, an interferon-γ-inducible protein7), whereas a third, a 13-mer, is of unknown origin. The unusual length of two of the peptides argues that the 9-mers normally associated with HLA-A2 molecules may be generated before their transport from the cytosol rather than in a pre-Golgi compartment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of a fragment of a eukaryotic signal peptide generated in vivo.
Consideration of uncertainties in seismic analysis of coupled building piping systems

In this paper, we present an analytical study for incorporating the effect of uncertainties in modal properties of uncoupled primary and secondary systems in the seismic analysis of non-classically damped coupled systems such as building piping by response spectrum method. Monte Carlo simulation is used to illustrate that the secondary system design response when defined at a non-exceedence probability of 0.84 over the individual responses obtained from multiple response spectrum analyses by considering uncertainties in modal parameters is excessively higher than the design response specified at the same non-exceedence probability over the responses obtained from multiple time history analyses. This is so because the earthquake input in a response spectrum method is characterized by a design spectrum which by itself is specified at a non-exceedence probability of 0.84 over the multiple time histories with normalized peak ground acceleration. Accurate evaluation of design response at a non-exceedence probability of 0.84 in the response spectrum method requires that the individual modal responses be defined at appropriate probability levels that may be different than the conventionally used non-exceedence probability value of 0.84. The required probability values are evaluated by using first order reliability method. It is shown that the modal responses, when defined at a non-exceedence probability of 0.84, would give relatively accurate values of design response only if the individual modes are perfectly correlated or a single mode contributes to the particular response quantity of interest. For all other cases, the design response would be excessively high. The accurate probability values needed to specify each modal response evaluated using the first order reliability method cannot be incorporated directly in a response spectrum analysis due to computational inefficiency. Two simplified methods, based on total probability theorem, are developed in this paper to overcome this limitation. It is shown that these methods give design response values that are very close to the true values obtained from multiple time history analyses.
The Band Fluorescence of Mercury Vapor

The band fluorescence of mercury vapor excited by the 2537A atomic line has been studied during the afterglow. Time sampling techniques were employed to overcome difficulties attending the measurement of very low-intensity radiations. The two main band constituents (centered at 4850A and 3350A) were found to decay simultaneously under all conditions investigated. The temporal structure of the decaying fluorescence was found to be characterized by two time constants and has the form associated with chain types reactions. The two time constants and the relative intensities of the 4850A and 3350A bands were measured for a range of vapor densities at a fixed vapor temperature. In order to evaluate the role of diffusion in the lifetime of the excited particles involved, measurements were made in vessels of two different sizes.The experimental results have led to an interpretation according to which the optically excited $\mathrm{Hg}(^{3}P_{1})$ atoms are converted into metastable $\mathrm{Hg}(^{3}P_{0})$ atoms by inelastic collisions. The $\mathrm{Hg}(^{3}P_{0})$ atoms are then converted in a three-body collision reaction to metastable ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{2}({^{3}0_{u}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ molecules which, in turn, may be destroyed in the vapor by either one of two processes, i.e., by spontaneous radiation to the ground state, giving rise to the 3350A band, or by a second three-body collision through which the emission of the 4850A band is induced. An analysis based upon this picture has permitted the quantitative evaluation of several properties of the particles involved. The diffusion coefficient of the $\mathrm{Hg}(^{3}P_{0})$ atom was found to be 210 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec for a density of ${10}^{16}$ atoms/cc and a temperature of 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C; the diffusion coefficient of the ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{2}({^{3}0_{u}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ molecules is 88 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec under the same conditions. The spontaneous radiation rate of the ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{2}({^{3}0_{u}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ molecules is 20 ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and the three-body collision induced radiation rate is 21\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}$ ${(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The three-body destruction rate for the $\mathrm{Hg}(^{3}P_{0})$ atoms is 100\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}32}$ ${(\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{c}\mathrm{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. It was also found that the ${\mathrm{Hg}}_{2}({^{3}0_{u}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ molecules are approximately 90 percent reflected by the glass walls of the enclosure. The diffusion coefficient obtained for $\mathrm{Hg}(^{3}P_{0})$ atoms is in agreement with the results of other work and the three-body collision rates are comparable with those for similar processes investigated elsewhere.
Preparation and characterization of TiO2 aerogels for use as photocatalysts

Abstract The preparation and morphological properties of TiO2 aerogels and cryogels prepared by the sol-gel method are described. Materials were prepared by acid catalyzed sol-gel technique, using different reactant compositions and drying procedures. The morphological effects of preparation conditions such as reactant composition, gel wash, drying and air-annealing are described. It was found that gels prepared by using a ratio of 1:20:3:0.08 between Ti:Ethanol:H2O:nitric acid are the clearest and the most stable. These TiO2 aerogels have a porosity of 90%, BET surface areas of 600 m2/g and total pore volume of 1.8 cm3/g. Adsorption and photodecomposition profiles of salicylic acid, which was used as a model reaction, are described. It is shown that at equilibrium, aerogels adsorb about ten times more salicylic acid than the Degussa commercial powder does (350 vs. 40 μmol/g TiO2). It is shown that photo-degradation of salicylic acid on TiO2 aerogels, after 1 h of near UV illumination, is about 10 times faster than on the Degussa TiO2 powder.
Flecainide acetate for treatment of tachyarrhythmias in children: Review of world literature on efficacy, safety, and dosing

A review of all published experience with flecainide in infants, children, and fetuses was performed to evaluate the appropriate place of the drug in pediatric practice and to determine dosing guidelines. A total of 704 case references was generated. Flecainide appeared to be safe (no deaths with usual oral dosing, < 1% serious proarrhythmia) and effective (73% to 100% control, depending on mechanism) in children with supraventricular tachycardia. The drug was very effective for treatment of fetal tachyarrhythmias. Flecainide may not be safe for children who have structurally abnormal hearts and atrial flutter or ventricular arrhythmias. The safety of flecainide for patients with ventricular arrhythmias and normal hearts requires further investigation. Pharmacokinetic data reveal an age-dependent change in elimination half-life. Patients younger than 1 year of age have a plasma elimination half-life that is similar to that in children older than 12 years (i.e., 11 to 12 hours). Children aged 1 to 12 years have a mean elimination half-life of 8 hours. The effective flecainide dose is 100 to 200 mg/m2/day or 1 to 8 mg/kg/day. Toxicity may occur with doses in excess of these ranges, especially when high doses are accompanied by low serum trough levels. Milk blocks flecainide absorption, and toxicity may become manifest when milk products are removed from the diet.