cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational driving as a risk factor for low back pain in active-duty military service members.

Abstract Background context Although occupational driving has been associated with low back pain, little has been reported on the incidence rates for this disorder. Purpose To determine the incidence rate and demographic risk factors of low back pain in an ethnically diverse and physically active population of US military vehicle operators. Study design/setting Retrospective database analysis. Patient sample All active-duty military service members between 1998 and 2006. Outcome measures Low back pain requiring visit to a health-care provider. Methods A query was performed using the US Defense Medical Epidemiology Database for the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code for low back pain (724.20). Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the rate of low back pain among military vehicle operators and control subjects per 1,000 person-years, while controlling for sex, race, rank, service, age, and marital status. Results A total of 8,447,167 person-years of data were investigated. The overall unadjusted low back pain incidence rate for military members whose occupation is vehicle operator was 54.2 per 1,000 person-years. Compared with service members with other occupations, motor vehicle operators had a significantly increased adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for low back pain of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.17). Female motor vehicle operators, compared with males, had a significantly increased adjusted IRR for low back pain of 1.45 (95% CI 1.39–1.52). With senior enlisted as the referent category, the junior enlisted rank group of motor vehicle operators had a significantly increased adjusted IRR for low back pain: 1.60 (95% CI 1.52–1.70). Compared with Marine service members, those motor vehicle operators in both the Army, 2.74 (95% CI 2.60–2.89), and the Air Force, 1.98 (95% CI 1.84–2.14), had a significantly increased adjusted IRR for low back pain. The adjusted IRRs for the less than 20-year and more than 40-year age groups, compared with the 30- to 39-year age group, were 1.24 (1.15–1.36) and 1.23 (1.10–1.38), respectively. Conclusions Motor vehicle operators have a small but statistically significantly increased rate of low back pain compared with matched control population.
Alarm calling in yellow-bellied marmots: II. The importance of direct fitness

Alarm calling in sciurid rodents is often explained by inclusive fitness benefits that callers accrue. Inclusive fitness arguments imply that indirect fitness plays an important role in the evolution and maintenance of alarm calling. A more parsimonious hypothesis is that animals alarm call to increase their direct fitness by warning their oVspring. Group-living animals are related to each other social group member by a coeYcient of relatedness, r, that theoretically ranges from 0-1.0. The sum of these pair-wise coeYcients, 'total r', reflects the magnitude of possible inclusive fitness benefits. The amount of variation in the rate of yellow-bellied marmot, Marmota flaviventris, alarm calling that was explained by direct parental care was compared with that variation explained by total r. After pups emerged, adult females with pups called more than other age/sex classes. Additionally, 42% of the variation in the rate of calling over the entire study was a function of whether the caller was a female who had pups emerge above ground that year. Total r explained no significant variation in the rate of alarm calling. Alarm calling in group-living yellow-bellied marmots is a form of direct parental care and inclusive fitness, broadly defined, is of little importance for the maintenance of alarm calling. ? 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Accounting for business combinations

Two FASB standards have radically changed the rules for accounting for mergers and acquisitions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A perspective on B-cell-targeting therapy for SLE

In recent years, large controlled trials have tested several new agents for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Unfortunately, none of these trials has met its primary outcome. This does not mean progress has not been made. In fact, a great deal has been learned about doing clinical trials in lupus and about the biological and clinical effects of the drugs being tested. Many of these drugs were designed to target B cells directly, e.g., rituximab, belimumab, epratuzumab, and transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor−immunoglobulin (TACI−Ig). The enthusiasm for targeting B cells derives from substantial evidence showing the critical role of B cells in murine models of SLE, as well promising results from multiple open trials with rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that specifically depletes B cells (Martin and Chan in Immunity 20(5):517–527, 2004; Sobel et al. in J Exp Med 173:1441–1449, 1991; Silverman and Weisman in Arthritis Rheum 48:1484–1492, 2003; Silverman in Arthritis Rheum 52(4):1342, 2005; Shlomchik et al. in Nat Rev Immunol 1:147–153, 2001; Looney et al. in Arthritis Rheum 50:2580–2589, 2004; Lu et al. in Arthritis Rheum 61(4):482–487, 2009; Saito et al. in Lupus 12(10):798–800, 2003; van Vollenhoven et al. in Scand J Rheumatol 33(6):423–427, 2004; Sfikakis et al. Arthritis Rheum 52(2):501–513, 2005). Why have the controlled trials of B-cell-targeting therapies failed to demonstrate efficacy? Were there flaws in design or execution of these trials? Or, were promising animal studies and open trials misleading, as so often happens? This perspective discusses the current state of B-cell-targeting therapies for human lupus and the future development of these therapies.
Molecular weight dependent tissue factor pathway inhibitor release by heparin and heparin oligosaccharides

Heparin and low molecular weight heparins exert their vascular effects by mobilizing tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from the vascular endothelium into the blood circulation. We compared the influence of molecular weight on the TFPI release by heparin and its fractions in a non-human primate model. Primates were treated with unfractionated heparin, a low molecular weight heparin (gammaparin), or a heparin-derived oligosaccharide mixture (C3). Endothelial TFPI release was determined using both immunologic and functional assays. After intravenous administration, all agents significantly increased TFPI levels (p<0.05) in a dose dependent manner. The increase produced by unfractionated heparin and gammaparin was greater than that by C3 at an equal dosage (p<0.05). With subcutaneous injection, all agents produced less TFPI release. Repeated administration of heparin-derived oligosaccharides gradually increased TFPI release. A 1.89 fold increase in TFPI levels was observed 4 days after C3 treatment (2.5 mg/kg). Our findings indicated that TFPI release is dependent on the molecular weight of heparin and its derivatives. Heparin oligosaccharides exert their vascular effects through increased TFPI release after long-term repeated administration.
Editorial Commentary: Dialing for Doses: Enhancing Community-Based Adherence Support With Mobile Technologies

Antiretroviral treatment (ART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from a deadly disease to a manageable chronic infection. However the continued requirement for strict medication adherence to prevent emergent resistance as well as the lack of global resources to deliver drug regimens successfully over a patient’s lifetime especially in resource-limited settings are two major problems that persist. The study discussed in the present issue of “Clinical Infectious Diseases” addresses issues of treatment adherence and retention in therapy in rural Rwanda and finds that clinics offering community-based accompaniment with ART care has substantially greater treatment retention rates at one year versus clinics without accompaniment. In this editorial commentary on the present study the author raises several questions about the sustainability feasibility impact and reasons for the efficacy of community-based adherence support. The author acknowledges that these models appear to be working in sub-Saharan Africa and policy makers should review the evidence for its expansion. Mobile initiatives should consider trials with community-based lay workers as a cost-effective and culturally compatible way to enhance care with emerging mobile technologies.
Human diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and disease

Natural Killer (NK) cells are the third population of lymphocyte in the mononuclear cell compartment that triggers first-line of defense against viral infection and tumor transformation. Historically, NK cells were thought of as components of innate immunity based on their intrinsic ability to spontaneously kill target cells independent of HLA antigen restriction. However, it is now clear that NK cells are quite sophisticated and use a highly specific and complex target cell recognition receptor system arbitrated via a multitude of inhibitory and activating receptors. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are the key receptors of human NK cells development and function. To date, fourteen distinct KIRs have been identified: eight are inhibitory types, and six are activating types. The number and type of KIR genes present varies substantially between individuals. Inhibitory KIRs recognize distinct motifs of polymorphic HLA class I molecules. Upon engagement of their specific HLA class I ligands, inhibitory KIR dampen NK cell reactivity. In contrast, activating KIRs are believed to stimulate NK cell reactivity when they sense their ligands (unknown). KIR and HLA gene families map to different human chromosomes (19 and 6, respectively), and their independent segregation produces a wide diversity in the number and type of inherited KIR-HLA combinations, likely contributing to overall immune competency. Consistent with this hypothesis, certain combinations of KIR-HLA variants have been correlated with susceptibility to diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, and cancer. This review summarizes our emerging understanding of KIR-HLA diversity in human health and disease.
The role of electronic preprints in chemical communication: analysis of citation, usage, and acceptance in the journal literature

This study characterizes the usage and acceptance of electronic preprints (e-prints) in the literature of chemistry. Survey of authors of e-prints appearing in the Chemistry Preprint Server (CPS) at http://preprints. chemweb.com indicates use of the CPS as a convenient vehicle for dissemination of research findings and for receipt of feedback before submitting to a peer-reviewed journal. Reception of CPS e-prints by editors of top chemistry journals is very poor. Only 6% of editors responding allow publication of articles that have previously appeared as e-prints. Concerns focus on the lack of peer review and the uncertain permanence of e-print storage. Consequently, it was not surprising to discover that citation analysis yielded no citations to CPS e-prints in the traditional literature of chemistry. Yet data collected and posted by the CPS indicates that the e-prints are valued, read, and discussed to a notable extent within the chemistry community. Thirty-two percent of the most highly rated, viewed, and discussed e-prints eventually appear in the journal literature, indicating the validity of the work submitted to the CPS. This investigation illustrates the ambivalence with which editors and authors view the CPS, but also gives an early sense of the potential free and rapid information dissemination, coupled with open, uninhibited discussion and evaluation, has to expand, enrich, and vitalize the scholarly discourse of chemical scientists.
The role of acoustics in ecosystem-based fishery management

Koslow, J. A. 2009. The role of acoustics in ecosystem-based fishery management. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 966-973.For more than half a century, acoustics has been a leading tool in fishery stock assessment. Today, the need for ecosystem-based management poses new challenges for fishery scientists: the need to assess the ecological relationships of exploited species with predators and prey and to predict the potential effects of climate variability and climate change on recruitment. No research tool is likely to prove as effective as acoustics in meeting these needs, if it is properly integrated into interdisciplinary research programmes involving ecology and oceanography, as well as fisheries. Integration of data from acoustics and ocean-observation, as well as from satellites and other high-resolution oceanographic mapping tools, is likely to lead to major advances in fishery oceanography. New developments in acoustic technology, such as three-dimensional, multibeam acoustics, and shelf-scale acoustic mapping, may also lead to significant advances. Notwithstanding these developments, critical biases and shortcomings of acoustic methods that were noted 50 years ago remain with us. For example, the identification of insonified biota and single-target discrimination remains relatively primitive. Progress is urgently needed in these basic underpinnings of the acoustic method.
Malignant Tourette syndrome

The aim of this work was to draw attention to potentially life-threatening symptoms associated with Tourette syndrome (TS) and to explore their relationship to TS comorbidities. Medical records of all patients with TS evaluated at our Movement Disorders Clinic between July 2003 and July 2006 were reviewed. Data on patients with malignant TS, defined as >or=2 emergency room (ER) visits or >or=1 hospitalizations for TS symptoms or its associated behavioral comorbidities, were entered into a dataset and analyzed. Five illustrative cases are described. Of 333 TS patients evaluated during the 3-year period, 17 (5.1%) met the criteria for malignant TS. Hospital admission or ER visits were for tic-related injuries, self-injurious behavior (SIB), uncontrollable violence and temper, and suicidal ideation/attempts. Compared with patients with nonmalignant TS, those with malignant TS were significantly more likely to have a personal history of obsessive compulsive behavior/disorder (OCB/OCD), complex phonic tics, coprolalia, copropraxia, SIB, mood disorder, suicidal ideation, and poor response to medications. Although TS is rarely a disabling disorder, about 5% of patients referred to a specialty clinic have life-threatening symptoms. Malignant TS is associated with greater severity of motor symptoms and the presence of >or=2 behavioral comorbidities. OCD/OCB in particular may play a central role in malignant TS; obsessive compulsive qualities were associated with life-threatening tics, SIB, and suicidal ideation. Malignant TS is more refractory to medical treatment than nonmalignant TS.
Chinese Family Firms in the San Francisco Bay Area

This study examines the role of ethnicity and kinship in the economic adaptation of Chinese family firms in the San Francisco Bay Area. The development and operation of these Chinese firms are the result of a complex interactive process involving ethnic resources–such as traditional values, kinship relations, and information networks–as well as structural opportunities and constraints. Throughout their history in the Bay Area, Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs have creatively adapted to their social, economic, and political environments with resources from the family.
ENCAPSULATION OF FISH OIL IN SOLID ZEIN PARTICLES BY LIQUID‐LIQUID DISPERSION

ABSTRACT In this work, a liquid–liquid dispersion process was studied for encapsulation of fish oil in solid zein particles as an alternative to emulsions. The process involved the preparation of stock solutions by dissolving different amounts (4.0, 5.3, and 6.7%) of zein and fish oil (zein: oil ratios of 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, and 8:1) in 90% isopropanol. The stock solution was then subsequently sheared into deionized water. The decrease of overall isopropanol concentration resulted in the precipitation of oil-loaded zein particles with diameters of 350–450 nm. After freeze-drying, samples with a zein – oil ratio of 4:1 or lower – generally showed good oxidative stability evaluated based on the development of lipid hydroperoxide values during storage. The approach used in this work may provide a simple method to prepare submicrometer-sized solid particles, and can be extended to encapsulate other types of lipophilic bioactive compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Fish oil is conventionally included as the oil phase of emulsions that can be further prepared into powdered products. Emulsions of fish oil require both physical stability to eliminate destabilization mechanisms of emulsions and oxidative stability to prevent degradation of fish oil. The liquid–liquid dispersion process may be a simple, scalable approach to produce solid submicrometer particles for incorporation of lipophilic bioactive compounds as alternative delivery systems to emulsions. Solid particles may be incorporated in food products such as beverages, snacks and cereals to supplement bioactive compounds beneficial to human health.
Snake Envenomation Incidence, Clinical Presentation and Management

Snake envenomation is a major cause of death and disability in the developing countries, particularly India and Southeast Asia. Species variation in venom components, yield, and lethality leads to quite different clinical presentations and mortality. Venomous snakes are divided into 5 families. Bites of the Viperidae, Crotalidae and Colubridae usually cause primarily local effects and bleeding; the Elapidae most commonly cause neurological symptoms, particularly paralysis; while the Hydrophidae cause paralysis and myolysis. Venoms are complex mixtures of enzymes, peptides and metalloproteins. 26 enzymes have been identified, and 10 of those are found in most venoms. Components have been identified that act as procoagulants, anticoagulants, hyaluronidases, RNases, DNases, postsynaptic toxins and presynaptic toxins. Other peptides induce capillary leak syndrome, haemolysis and shock. The clinical results of envenomation vary widely, and there may be no envenomation with a bite. Syndromes reported include oedema, haemolysis, shock, bleeding, pituitary failure, renal failure, myonecrosis, and combinations of the above. First aid measures that have been proposed include tourniquets, constricting bands, tight crepe bandages, incision and suction, cryotherapy, and high voltage electric shock. None of these has been shown to be effective except usage of a crepe bandage for Australian elapid bite. Tourniquets or cryotherapy, if used for extended periods may lead to gangrene. The most important first aid measure is rapid transport to comprehensive medical care. There is some controversy about medical treatment in the United States, but less in other countries. Supportive measures routinely required include intravenous fluids, tetanus prophylaxis and antibiotics. Anticholinergics may be useful in elapid bite. Intubation and ventilation may be necessary. Unproven surgical approaches include excision of envenomated tissues and fasciotomy. The former is disfiguring, the latter should be reserved for those patients with demonstrated increased intracompartmental pressure. More than 100 antivenins are produced by about 36 laboratories worldwide. The products are effective, but carry a high risk of serum sickness and a lesser risk of anaphylaxis. A more effective and less reactive product is under development.
Radiative and Microphysical Characteristics of Deep Convective Systems in the Tropical Western Pacific

Abstract The radiative and microphysical characteristics of 17 precipitating systems observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite over Manus, Papua New Guinea, and Nauru Island are modeled. These cases represent both deep and midlevel convection. Reflectivity data from the TRMM precipitation radar and Geostationary Meteorological Satellite infrared radiometer measurements are used to parameterize the three-dimensional cloud microphysics of each precipitating cloud system. These parameterized cloud properties are used as input for a two-stream radiative transfer model. Comparisons with measurements of broadband radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere and the surface show agreement to within 20%. In cases in which the convective available potential energy (CAPE) is large, deep convective clouds with extended anvil decks form, containing layers of ice crystals that are too small to be detected by the TRMM radar but have a large optical thickness. This results in maximum shortwave he...
4. Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Moisture Content of Grain and Seeds

The water absorption bands at 0.76, 0.97, 1.18, 1.45, and 1.94 μ were investigated for spectrophotometric measurement of the moisture content of grain and seeds. The spectral absorbance curve for a thin layer of ground wheat was measured for the 1.0- to 2.3-μ region, showing that the 1.94-μ band of water has a minimum of interference. Using a 2-gram sample of ground material mixed with 1.5 to 2.0 ml of carbon tetrachloride in a 4.4-cm diameter cell, the transmittance values of a large number of wheat, soybean, wheat flour, and wheat bran samples were measured at 1.94 and 2.08 μ. From these data, the optical density difference Δ OD (1.94–2.08) μ was computed for each sample and related to the moisture content as determined by standard procedures. Calibration curves obtained for each of the four materials showed standard deviations from 0.28 to 0.37 per cent moisture for the moisture range from 0 to 20 per cent. The water absorption band at 0.97 μ was measured on individual intact peanuts and related to the moisture content. A measurement within ±0.7 per cent moisture content was obtained, using Δ OD (0.97–0.90) μ as the measured value. The authors conclude that moisture determination by direct spectrophotometry is practical on grain and should be possible on a wide range of solids.
ESRD Outcomes and GN Subtypes

The introduction of kidney disease registries, particularly the US Renal Data System (USRDS), launched an era of population analysis that fostered important improvements in the quality of care and outcomes for patients with ESRD. From the earliest days of population metrics, kidney disease has been
Socrates, the primary question, and the unity of virtue

For Socrates, the virtues are a kind of knowledge, and the virtues form a unity. Sometimes, Socrates suggests that the virtues are all ‘one and the same’ thing. Other times, he suggests they are ‘parts of a single whole.’ I argue that (i) the ‘what is x?’ question is sophisticated, it gives rise to two distinct kinds of investigations into virtue, a conceptual investigation into the ousia and a psychological investigation into the dunamis, (ii) Plato recognized the difference between definitional accounts of the ousia and a psychological accounts of the dunamis, and (iii) the distinction between these two investigations can effectively resolve various interpretive puzzles regarding the unity of the virtues. It is argued that the virtues are ‘one and the same’ psychologically, while they are ‘parts of a single whole’ conceptually.
The Development of United Potato Growers Cooperatives

A nation-wide movement in cooperative potato marketing began when Idaho farmers founded United Potato Growers of Idaho (UPGI) in 2004. Potato growers in other states quickly formed similar regional cooperatives and helped develop a national federated cooperative – United Potato Growers of America (UPGA). UPGA’s mission was to manage supplies to bring profitable prices to fresh potato growers. Although prices rose to record-high levels they also became more volatile. The development of UPGA was analyzed through the lenses of two cooperative pioneers: Aaron Sapiro and Edwin Nourse. Growers organized UPGA in the model of Sapiro who advocated nation-wide marketing control for all producers of a commodity. Nourse claimed that agricultural cooperatives should instead focus on efficiency. It is likely that Nourse would not have approved of UPGA, while Sapiro would have encouraged them.
Applications of the FETI-DP-RBS-LNA Algorithm on Large Scale Problems with Localized Nonlinearities

1 Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, 307 Reber Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Tel:(814)8650059, Email:junsun@psu.edu 2 Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, 232 Reber Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Tel:(814)8637273, Fax:(814)8634848, Email:pxm32@psu.edu 3 IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, P. O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA. Tel:(914)9451450, Fax:(914)9453434, Email:anshul@watson.ibm.com 4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 343K IST Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. Tel:(814)8659233, Fax:(814)8653176, Email:raghavan@cse.psu.edu
Playful Backstalking and Serious Impression Management: How Young Adults Reflect on their Past Identities on Facebook

Parents, educators, and policymakers have expressed concern about the future implications of young people's sharing practices on social media sites. However, little is known about how young people themselves feel about their online behaviors being preserved and resurfaced later in adulthood. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 college-going, primarily female, young adults about their use of social media and their transition from adolescence into young adulthood. We find that participants recognize archival value in their own Facebook histories, despite sometimes perceiving these histories to be embarrassing. They experience tensions between meeting their current self-presentational goals and maintaining the authenticity of historical content. To reconcile these tensions, they engage in retrospective impression management practices, such as curating past content. They also engage in 'backstalking' behaviors, in which they view and engage with other users' Facebook histories' openly with close ties and discreetly with weak ties. We consider this ludic engagement through the lens of emerging adulthood and discuss the theoretical implications of our findings, especially in light of emerging applications which intentionally resurface digital traces.
Comparison of RNA isolation and associated methods for extracellular RNA detection by high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that function in RNA silencing and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs in biofluids are being used for clinical diagnosis as well as disease prediction. Efficient and reproducible isolation methods are crucial for extracellular RNA detection. To determine the best methodologies for miRNA detection from plasma, the performance of four RNA extraction kits, including an in-house kit, were determined with miScript miRNA assay technology; all were measured using a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) platform (BioMark System) with 90 human miRNA assays. In addition, the performances of complementary DNA (cDNA) and preamplification kits for TaqMan miRNA assays and miScript miRNA assays were compared using the same 90 miRNAs on the BioMark System. There were significant quantification cycle (Cq) value differences for the detection of miRNA targets between isolation kits. cDNA, preamplification, and qPCR performances were also varied. In summary, this study demonstrates differences among RNA isolation methods as measured by reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR. Importantly, differences were also noted in cDNA and preamplification performance using TaqMan and miScript. The in-house kit performed better than the other three kits. These findings demonstrate significant variability between isolation and detection methods for low-abundant miRNA detection from biofluids.
A Dual-Spinning, Three-Axis-Stabilized CubeSat for Earth Observations

e Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite (Micro) combines two traditional control approaches: a dual spinner and a three-axis gyrostat. Unlike typical dual spinners, the purpose of Micro’s  cubesat bus and spinner assembly is to actuate a  cubesat payload, not to add gyroscopic stiffness. An orthogonal triple reaction wheel assembly will both counter the angular momentum from the payload and rotate the satellite’s bus about its orbit-normal vector to maintain bus alignment with the orbital frame, resulting in a zero-angular-momentum system. e payload spins about the spacecra velocity axis to scan successive swaths of the Earth. However, the cubesat form factor restricts the velocity axis to be along the spacecraminor axis of inertia. is orientation leaves the spacecra at a gravity-gradient-unstable equilibrium. Further, imperfect cancellation of the payload’s angular momentum induces nutation behavior. An extended Kalman lter is implemented on a -bit  microcontroller to combine gyroscope, limb sensor, and magnetometer data to provide attitude estimation accuracy of approximately  arcminutes. Simulations show that the reaction wheels can consistently maintain pointing to within  arcminutes for orbits above  kilometers with the payload rotating at . hertz.
Unsuspected Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Patients Who Have Undergone Radical Cystoprostatectomy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of The Bladder

AbstractIn 45 of 165 male cystectomy patients with bladder cancer (27 per cent) incidental adenocarcinoma of the prostate was found during the diagnostic evaluation or histological examination of the cystoprostatectomy specimens. Of the patients 37 had stage Al or A2 and 8 had stage C or Dl prostate cancer. Clinical presentation, stage and grade distributions for each primary and prognostic variable are reviewed. Over-all, 67 per cent of the patients currently are alive with a 3-year actuarial survival rate of 60 per cent. The presence of incidental stage G or Dl prostate cancer in the surgical specimen implies incomplete surgical excision and it may warrant additional postoperative treatment. However, a significantly increased mortality rate among these patients has not been identified during the limited median followup of 25 months.
Spin-lattice coupling mediated multiferroicity in ( ND 4 ) 2 FeCl 5 · D 2 O

We report a neutron diffraction study of the multiferroic mechanism in ${({\mathrm{ND}}_{4})}_{2}{\mathrm{FeCl}}_{5}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$, a molecular compound that exhibits magnetically induced ferroelectricity. This material exhibits two successive magnetic transitions on cooling: a long-range order transition to an incommensurate (IC) collinear sinusoidal spin state at ${T}_{N}=7.3$ K, followed by a second transition to an IC cycloidal spin state at ${T}_{FE}=6.8$ K, the latter of which is accompanied by spontaneous ferroelectric polarization. The cycloid structure is strongly distorted by spin-lattice coupling, as evidenced by the observations of both odd and even higher-order harmonics associated with the cycloid wave vector, and a weak commensurate phase that coexists with the IC phase. The second-order harmonic appears at ${T}_{FE}$, thereby providing unambiguous evidence that the onset of the electric polarization is accompanied by a lattice modulation due to spin-lattice interaction. The neutron results, in conjunction with the negative thermal expansion and large magnetostriction observed in Ref. [19], indicate that spin-lattice coupling plays a critical role in the ferroelectric mechanism of ${({\mathrm{ND}}_{4})}_{2}{\mathrm{FeCl}}_{5}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$.
Active inference for dynamic Bayesian networks with an application to tissue engineering

In temporal domains, agents need to actively gather information to make more informed decisions about both the present and the future. When such a domain is modeled as a temporal graphical model, what the agent observes can be incorporated into the model by setting the respective random variables as evidence. Motivated by a tissue engineering application where the experimenter needs to decide how early a laboratory experiment can be stopped so that its possible future outcomes can be predicted within an acceptable uncertainty, we first present a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model of vascularization in engineered tissues and compare it with both real-world experimental data and agent-based simulations. We then formulate the question of "how early an experiment can be stopped to guarantee an acceptable uncertainty about the final expected outcome" as an active inference problem for DBNs and empirically and analytically evaluate several search algorithms that aim to find the ideal time to stop a tissue engineering laboratory experiment.
Other species in the aqueous environment of a peptide can invert its intrinsic solvated polyproline II/beta propensity: Implications for amyloid formation

As we have previously shown, the predominance of the polyproline II conformation in the circular dichroism spectra of aqueous polypeptides is related to its lower energy than that of the beta conformation. To test whether this is still the case in the presence of additional components in the medium, we have calculated the energy difference between these two conformations in an alanine-dipeptide/12-water system without and with the addition of an HCl molecule. We find in the latter case that the beta conformer is of lower energy than the polyproline II. Energy profiles near the minima in both cases also permit conclusions about the relative entropies of these structures. These results emphasize the importance of considering the peptide-plus-medium state as the relevant entity in determining the structural properties of such systems. Such an inversion could be relevant to the formation of amyloid and could thus lead to new strategies for studying its role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 305-311, 2016.
Probabilistic ontology: representation and modeling methodology

The past few years have witnessed an increasingly mature body of research on the Semantic Web (SW), with new standards being developed and more complex problems being addressed. As complexity increases in SW applications, so does the need for principled means to cope with uncertainty in SW applications. Several approaches addressing uncertainty representation and reasoning in the SW have emerged. Among these is Probabilistic Web Ontology Language (PR-OWL), which provides Web Ontology Language (OWL) constructs for representing Multi-Entity Bayesian Network (MEBN) theories. However, there are several important ways in which the initial version PR-OWL 1 fails to achieve full compatibility with OWL. Furthermore, although there is an emerging literature on ontology engineering, little guidance is available on the construction of probabilistic ontologies. This research proposes a new syntax and semantics, defined as PR-OWL 2, which improves compatibility between PR-OWL and OWL in two important respects. First, PR-OWL 2 follows the approach suggested by Poole et al. to formalizing the association between random variables from probabilistic theories with the individuals, classes and properties from ontological languages such as OWL. Second, PR-OWL 2 allows values of random variables to range over OWL datatypes. To address the lack of support for probabilistic ontology engineering, this research describes a new methodology for modeling probabilistic ontologies called the Uncertainty Modeling Process for Semantic Technologies (UMP-ST). To better explain the methodology and to verify that it can be applied to different scenarios, this dissertation presents step-by-step constructions of two different probabilistic ontologies. One is used for identifying frauds in public procurements in Brazil and the other is used for identifying terrorist threats in the maritime domain. Both use cases demonstrate the advantages of PR-OWL 2 over its predecessor.
Lower Extremity Rash Presenting After a Trip to South Africa.

A man presented with unsteadiness, fever, chills, and lower extremity rash after returning from a trip to South Africa.
Targeted CT Dose Reduction Using a Novel Dose Metric and the American College of Radiology Dose Index Registry: Application to Thoracic CT Angiography

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the use of the American College of Radiology Dose Index Registry data with a novel measurement of exposure to guide quality improvement efforts. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Using information from the Dose Index Registry report covering July through December 2012, we examined our relative ranking compared with the national median CT dose for the 20 most frequently performed examinations at our institution. The total exposure variance, defined as the difference between institutional and median national dose multiplied by the local examination frequency and expressed in units of mGy-persons, was calculated. Using this metric, two examinations were selected for investigation: pulmonary and thoracic CT angiography (CTA). Protocol modifications were implemented, and postintervention dose data were assessed from the report 1 year later. RESULTS. As indicated by size-specific dose estimates (SSDEs), the 2012 pulmonary CTA was within the national interquartile ran...
ClickToPrice: Incorporating Visual Features of Product Images in Price Prediction

E-commerce websites provide product images in addition to textual description and other metadata about a product to shoppers. While the use of images in online product positioning is ubiquitous, its effect on shoppers and product prices has not been studied meaningfully in literature. In this paper, we make two primary contributions: (i) we find evidence of a causal link between the features of a product's image and its price, (ii) we conduct a comprehensive evaluation of regression algorithms to predict product price using metadata and image features of the product and find that the Random Forest algorithm provides the best prediction performance on this task. We discuss implications of our findings for e-commerce portals and mobile app creators, and present directions for future research to further investigate the predictive power and statistical significance of product images on their prices.
Investigation of larval settlement pathways in the marine bryozoan, Bugula neritina

Abstract Bugula neritina is a sessile marine bryozoan with a pelagic larval stage. Larvae frequently settle on boat hulls, facilitating the introduction of B. neritina to bays and estuaries worldwide. Adrenergic agonists, such as norepinephrine, inhibit larval settlement in a variety of marine invertebrate species, including B. neritina. Light also inhibits larval settlement of B. neritina, yet the underlying mechanisms by which light and adrenergic compounds exert their effects on larvae are largely unknown. Octopamine is considered the invertebrate analog of norepinephrine, and may be one endogenous compound involved in larval settlement pathways. In this study, we investigated the effects of norepinephrine and the adrenergic antagonist phentolamine on larval settlement, and found that norepinephrine inhibited larval attachment and increased larval swimming behavior, while phentolamine increased larval attachment and decreased larval swimming behavior. We used fluorescent labeling and immunocytochemistry to localize sensory system components, and found that larvae possess adrenergic-like receptors and octopamine-like immunoreactivity. We also exposed larvae to phentolamine in both dark and light conditions, and found that light inhibited larval attachment, but phentolamine blocked those inhibitory effects. Based on these results, we put forth a putative mechanistic explanation for the effects of both light and adrenergic compounds on B. neritina larval settlement behavior. This study sheds light on previously unknown pathways underlying larval settlement behavior of bryozoans, and may aid in the development of effective, non-toxic biofouling control strategies.
A low-cost approach for rapidly creating demonstration models for hands-on learning

ABSTRACTDemonstration models allow students to readily grasp theory and relate difficult concepts and equations to real life. However drawbacks of using these demonstration models are that they are can be costly to purchase from vendors or take a significant amount of time to build. These two limiting factors can pose a significant obstacle for adding demonstrations to the curriculum. This article presents an assignment to overcome these obstacles, which has resulted in 36 demonstration models being added to the curriculum. The article also presents the results of student performance on course objectives as a result of the developed models being used in the classroom. Overall, significant improvement in student learning outcomes, due to the addition of demonstration models, has been observed.
Facing our Heuristic Limits: Expanding the Terminology for Types of Positive Face

This article adds to Lim and Bowers’ (1991) framework featuring two types of positive face: competence and fellowship face. We propose the addition of three types of positive face: character, social, and status face. We differentiate between each new type of face by examining: (a) protective strategies adopted, (b) types of face threats, (c) corrective strategies, and (d) pejorative labels threatening/attacking each type of face. The heuristic value for the positive face terms proposed is also explored through re-visiting a scholarly article in which positive face is analyzed. Data presented in that article are examined through the lens of the three proposed positive face terms. Finally, broader implications of theorizing are discussed, particularly with respect to politeness.
TCT-90 HAS-BLED Score and Other Predictors of Bleeding in Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis for Pulmonary Embolism

Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) aims to reduce bleeding complications while maintaining efficacy compared to systemic fibrinolysis. While studies have shown CDT to have superior hemodynamic outcomes compared to systemic anticoagulation alone,
Who’s The Weakest Link ?

In this paper we consider the following problem: Given a network G, determine if there is an edge in G through which at least c shortest paths pass. This problem arises naturally in various practical situations where there is a massive network (telephone, internet), and routing of data is done via shortest paths and one wants to identify most congested edges in the network.
Introduction to Wireless Power Transfer

In this chapter, an introduction to Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology is provided for overview of this technology, including its background, history, category, and application. Based on magnetically coupled WPT technology, the basic structures and theories are illustrated, followed by the current research focus. Finally, the contents of the thesis are displayed.
Housing needs of grandparent caregivers: grandparent, youth, and professional perspectives.

This qualitative study examined the housing needs of grandparent caregivers and the youth in their care in New York State. Nine focus groups were conducted separately with grandparent caregivers (n...
The Use of a Situation-Comedy in the Delivery of Media Messages: A Content Analysis of Health-Related Themes.

A quantitative-qualitative historical content analysis of selected Seinfeld television comedy episodes was conducted for this study. Episodes were analyzed for the presence of health-related messages pertaining to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‟s health priority areas, which include the most harmful risk behaviors affecting today‟s youth. A random selection of 88 of 176 Seinfeld episodes aired from July 5, 1989 until its finale on May 14, 1998, resulted in 787 health-related messages for the study. Over the course of nine seasons, more health-related messages were found in later years.
Solid solution in the LiAlO2LiCrO2 ternary oxide system

Abstract The solid solution LiAl x Cr 1− x O 2 has been synthesized over the complete range 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1. The syntheses at the high aluminum compositions ( x ⩾ 0.60) have been achieved through stabilization of the α-LiAlO 2 structure with chromium ions in octahedral coordination.
Multistable two-dimensional spring-mass lattices with tunable band gaps and wave directionality

Abstract In this paper, we consider elastic wave propagation in two dimensional periodic lattices that include an alternating pattern of linear springs and nonlinear bistable springs. Because of the bistable springs, these lattices have multiple stable equilibrium configurations. An analytical model that takes into account both nonlinear geometrical effects and nonlinearity of the springs is developed for the total potential energy of the system. After finding the stable equilibrium configurations of the unit cell by minimizing its potential energy, the propagation of waves of small amplitude is analyzed in each of these stable configurations using Bloch theorem. Examination of the band diagrams demonstrates that, depending on the model parameters, directional or complete band gaps can be observed in some of the deformed configurations, particularly for deformed configurations that are close to a critical point. Furthermore, analysis of the iso-frequency contours of the dispersion surfaces and of polar plots of the phase and group velocities indicates that the low frequency wave directionality of the lattice is tunable. For some designs, switching from one configuration to another configuration makes it possible to dramatically alter the preferred direction of wave propagation. Simulations of the response of lattices of finite size confirm that these lattices can be used as reconfigurable phononic crystals with tunable directivity, both in the low frequency range and within the directional band gaps.
Abstract LB-042: Successful tumor formation following xenotransplantation of primary human ovarian cancer cells into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) pigs

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with 2/3 of patients having late-stage disease (stages II-IV) at diagnosis. Preclinical animal models for cancer research have primarily been restricted to rodents, but many preclinical cancer drug trials that succeed in mice fail in humans, potentially due to vast differences in physiology and size. Therefore, we sought to determine if pigs, which are more similar to humans in terms of anatomy and physiology, would be a viable preclinical animal model for OvCa. Our group has pioneered the development of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) pigs for biomedical research, a key technological advancement for xenotransplantation of human ovarian cancer cells to form tumors. In this study, we injected human OSPC-ARK-1 cells, a chemotherapy-resistant primary ovarian serous papillary carcinoma cell line, into the neck muscle and ear tissue of four SCID and two non-SCID pigs. Tumors developed in the ears of three SCID pigs, while two SCID pigs developed tumors in neck tissue, all of which were confirmed at pathology as true neoplasms. Non-SCID animals did not develop tumors in any location. Confirmation that OSPC-ARK1 cells can form tumors in SCID pigs substantiates further development of orthotopic models of OvCa in pigs for researching improved OvCa therapeutic and diagnostic methods. Citation Format: Adeline N. Boettcher, Matti Kiupel, Malavika Adur, Emiliano Cocco, Alessandro Santin, Sara Charley, John Risinger, Christopher Tuggle, Erik Shapiro. Successful tumor formation following xenotransplantation of primary human ovarian cancer cells into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) pigs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-042.