cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity in Heavy Electron Systems: Axial or Polar State?

Recently, there has been some difference of opinion as to the nature of the gap anisotropy in heavy electron superconducting materials. Some workers1 have suggested that the similarity of the specific heat measurements on UBe13 with those on the A phase of 3He was indicative of an axial-like state, in which the superconducting gap exhibits isolated nodal points. Other workers2 suggested that the specific heat measurements on UPt3 were more indicative of a polar-like state, in which the superconducting gap exhibits a line or lines of nodes. There have been interpretations of many other experiments as well that have been controversial. It is the purpose of this paper to address the question of the nodal structure of the gap in those materials. To do so, we would like to examine the cases of the upper critical field Hc2, the ultrasonic attenuation a, and especially the microwave conductivity tensor Qij.
A Mathematical Model for Computer-Assisted Document Creation

This model describes the preparation of a typed document on a terminal, where text segments are either retrieved from a file or typed directly, such as to minimize elapsed time. The model is formulated as a dynamic programming problem whose asymptotic solution provides a mathematical expression for the cost per unit length of a document in terms of the systems parameters.
Transforming (Un)Just Institutions: A Reflection on Methodology

Over the past 15 years, I have explored several pathways for understanding issues of equity, opportunity, and social justice in education, particularly in schools serving economically impoverished children and their families. What role can social justice research play in shedding needed light on the real obstacles that limit the opportunities and life chances of economically poor children and youth? In this chapter, I discuss how my own answer to this question has changed over the years and show how my preferred methodological lenses have shaped how I frame (as well as how I have reframed) social justice issues in my research projects. In recognizing that issues of opportunity, freedom, and choice are central to social justice research, I suggest that the capability approach with its emphasis on child well-being provides a valuable framework for helping social justice researchers to more fully flesh out what we mean by social justice and how it can be studied in field-based research. By revisiting studies that I have done as well as by portraying the work of my students and colleagues, I show how capability theory aids researchers in exploring questions and areas of social justice that are often overlooked in field-based projects and ought to garner greater attention in educational research, policy, and practice.
Grouped Packet Coding: A Method for Reliable Communication Over Fading Channels With Long Delays

In this paper, we investigate an automatic repeat request (ARQ) for reliable transmission over half-duplex links. We design a method based on grouped packet coding (GPC) that combines a stop-and-wait (S&W) ARQ procedure with random linear packet coding and selective acknowledgments applied to groups of coded packets. Our goal in doing so is to boost the throughput efficiency on poor-quality links with long delay. Such links are notably encountered in underwater acoustic channels, where the bit error rate may be as high as $10^{-3}$ and round-trip delays can be measured in thousands of bits. To quantify the benefits of the proposed S&W-GPC method, we evaluate its throughput efficiency analytically and compare it with the throughput efficiency of standard S&W methods, as well as the benchmark efficiency of full-duplex methods. Our results show that S&W-GPC outperforms all other techniques on half-duplex links with long delay, as well as rateless packet coding on full-duplex links with long delay. We present results for a point-to-point link, as well as for a multicast network. In addition to the performance analysis, we offer guidelines for an optimal system design, which involves a judicious choice of the packet size, packet coding, and grouping parameters.
Buffer drains and mucus is transported upward in a tilted mucus clearance assay.

Mucociliary clearance (MCC) plays an essential role in maintaining airway sterility and health. Conversely, mucociliary dysfunction is implicated across many airway obstructive diseases. Understand...
Trauma and Surgical Management During Pregnancy

Trauma is the leading cause of maternal mortality. Pregnant trauma patients warrant specific consideration as pregnancy is a high-risk time period and there are a number of anatomic and physiologic changes that make pregnant women a distinct population of trauma patients. This chapter provides a discussion of maternal and fetal outcomes after trauma as well as a review of the epidemiology of pregnant trauma patients and their mechanisms of injury. The anatomic and physiologic changes of pregnancy that relate to the trauma patient are discussed. The most recent evidence for the assessment, evaluation, and management of the pregnant trauma patient is presented, including a discussion of the best available evidence for fetal investigations and monitoring. Technical tips and indications for emergent cesarean section after trauma are reviewed. Lastly, non-traumatic causes of intra-abdominal hemorrhage in pregnant patients are discussed with recommendations for management.
Does myocardial strain remain abnormal long after normalization of ejection fraction in patients with acute myocarditis

Myocarditis is a common cause for acute heart failure in the pediatric population. Various imaging modalities have evolved over the past 3 decades in order to noninvasively image the myocardium in this patient population. These include standard 2-dimensional echocardiographic imaging, tissue Doppler imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging of the heart. More recently, myocardial speckle tracking also known as strain imaging has been utilized to assess regional wall motion abnormalities with increasing accuracy. We report a case of acute myocarditis in a teenage female in whom progression of myocardial strain findings correlated with the rapidly evolving clinical course of the patient.
Customer Data Privacy: Why Every Marketer Should Care

In 2014, the 113th U.S. Congress adopted a nonbinding agreement to recognize January 28 as “National Data Privacy Day.” Companies celebrate, or at least acknowledge, the annual observation by participating in various events, such as the speakers and panel discussions held at LinkedIn’s headquarters in San Francisco. Motivation for National Data Privacy Day was nicely articulated by David Hoffman, Associate General Counsel and Global Privacy Officer for the Intel Corporation who noted, “All companies are data companies today, and we all have a role to play in promoting the ethical and innovative use of data.”
Understanding Our Markov Chain Significance Test: A Reply to Cho and Rubinstein-Salzedo

The article of Cho and Rubinstein-Salzedo seeks to cast doubt on our previous paper, which described a rigorous statistical test which can be applied to reversible Markov chains. In particular, Cho...
Pediatric Facial Fractures

The treatment of pediatric facial fractures can be challenging, stimulating, and occasionally frustrating, especially for those practitioners who only rarely manage these injuries. Difficulties arise from the fact that unlike their adult counterparts, no standardized protocols exist for the management of pediatric facial fractures; there are only broad guidelines and rare case reports. When evaluating a pediatric facial trauma patient, it should be remembered that the same fracture pattern will rarely be seen in a 5-month-old, a 5-year-old, and a 15-year-old due to the inherent differences in craniofacial anatomy, craniofacial proportions, and mechanism of injury. Even if a similar fracture pattern were observed, the treatment for patients of different ages would vary. The differences in craniofacial anatomy, patterns of injury, and capacity for remodeling and future growth must all be considered when determining a specific treatment option. It is paramount to remember that the pediatric patient is not just a small adult. Even with similarly aged patients and fracture patterns, the treatment plan must take into account patient and parent compliance and stage of dentition in that particular child.
A Closed-Form Transient Joule Heating Model for an Interconnect in an Integrated Circuit

Front and back ends of line (FEOL and BEOL) self-heating and mutual heating are important barriers to a sustained increase in processor speed and density. In this context, the severity of transient Joule heating in scaled interconnects under a variety of operating conditions (e.g., frequency and duty cycle) is not fully understood. Here we introduce the closed-form analytical transient Joule heating model to calculate the time-dependent temperature rise of an interconnect ( $\Delta {T}_{\textsf {Int}}({t})$ ) located at an arbitrary metal level within an integrated circuit (IC). The model is validated by high-fidelity finite element method simulations and specially designed test structures. Remarkably, the model predicts ${I}_{\textsf {Max}}$ (the interconnect-specific current for a certain degree of $\Delta {T}_{\textsf {Int}}$ ) within 20%–25% for an arbitrary duty cycle. Therefore, our model can be used to accurately predict temperature-accelerated interconnect reliability issues of a modern IC.
Squamous carcinoma of the skin responding to erlotinib: Three cases

16519 Background: Systemic therapies for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCCS) include cytotoxic chemotherapy and immunotherapy with retinoids and interferon. Erlotinib is an orally available ...
The impact of race, sex, and structured activities on the intake and adjudication processes of status offenders

The present study uses intersectionality as a guiding framework to make sense of disparities in terms of race, sex, and various social locations on a sample of status offenders in Virginia. Finding...
The Socialist Bratwurst: East German Urbanism and Its Reemergence in the Present:

This article examines defining features of East German urban planning—primarily the housing complex and the city/settlement binary—and their relationship to Eisenhuttenstadt, a city founded in 1950...
Predictive regression with order-p autoregressive predictors

Abstract Studies of predictive regressions analyze the case where y t is predicted by x t − 1 with x t being first-order autoregressive, AR(1). Under some conditions, the OLS-estimated predictive coefficient is known to be biased. We analyze a predictive model where y t is predicted by x t − 1 , x t − 2 ,… x t − p with x t being autoregressive of order p , AR( p ) with p > 1. We develop a generalized augmented regression method that produces a reduced-bias point estimate of the predictive coefficients and derive an appropriate hypothesis testing procedure. We apply our method to the prediction of quarterly stock returns by dividend yield, which is apparently AR(2). Using our method results in the AR(2) predictor series having insignificant effect, although under OLS, or the commonly assumed AR(1) structure, the predictive model is significant. We also generalize our method to the case of multiple AR( p ) predictors.
Changes in characteristics of drug overdose death trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background Reports analyzing drug overdose (OD) mortality data during the COVID-19 pandemic are limited. Outcomes across states are heterogenous, necessitating assessments of associations between COVID-19 and OD deaths on a state-by-state level. This report aims to analyze trends in OD deaths in Massachusetts during COVID-19. Methods Analyzing 3,924 death records, we characterize opioid-, cocaine-, and amphetamine-involved OD mortality and substance co-presence trends from March 24-November 8 in 2020 as compared to 2018 and 2019. Results OD deaths involving amphetamines increased by 85% from 2019 to 2020 (61 vs. 113; P Conclusion Increased deaths involving stimulants, alcohol, and fentanyl reflect concerning trends in the era of COVID-19. Rising OD death rates among Black residents underscore that interventions focused on racial equity are necessary.
A Dynamic Uncertainty Protocol for Digital Sensor Networks

We propose a concept of the use of dynamic uncertainty to improve the accuracy and robustness of digital sensor networks. The digital smart transducer is integrated with a microcontroller that reads the binary data from the calibrated sensor, performs an analysis to determine the measurand and its instantaneous uncertainty, and communicates these values in SI units with a time stamp to the host computer. We postulate that communicating the measurement with its uncertainty from the sensor node could eliminate the need for the host computer to maintain a database of the sensor models and performance parameters while at the same time improving accuracy and maintainability. We demonstrate this protocol using calibrated triaxial accelerometers as a test case. This protocol could eliminate the need for the host computer(s) to keep track of individual sensor performance parameters and facilitate the functionality to seamlessly upgrade sensors in the network.
Approximate Petz recovery from the geometry of density operators

We derive a new bound on the effectiveness of the Petz map as a universal recovery channel in approximate quantum error correction using the second sandwiched Renyi relative entropy $\tilde{D}_{2}$. For large Hilbert spaces, our bound implies that the Petz map performs quantum error correction with order-$\epsilon$ accuracy whenever the data processing inequality for $\tilde{D}_{2}$ is saturated up to terms of order $\epsilon^2$ times the inverse Hilbert space dimension. Conceptually, our result is obtained by extending arXiv:2011.03473, in which we studied exact saturation of the data processing inequality using differential geometry, to the case of approximate saturation. Important roles are played by (i) the fact that the exponential of the second sandwiched Renyi relative entropy is quadratic in its first argument, and (ii) the observation that the second sandwiched Renyi relative entropy satisfies the data processing inequality even when its first argument is a non-positive Hermitian operator.
Abstract 47: Circulating Human Sprr Increased Blood Pressure In Female Mice Fed A Low-fat Diet

Elevated plasma soluble prorenin receptor (sPRR) is associated with essential hypertension and obesity-hypertension in men. Additionally, our laboratory previously found that the infusion of mouse ...
Characteristics and Outcomes of Products Seeking Competitive Generic Therapy Designation and Exclusivity.

This study describes the process used by the US Food and Drug Administration to review potential generic drugs for Competitive Generic Therapy (CGT) designation and marketing exclusivity as well as the characteristics and outcomes of products that have sought CGT designation and exclusivity from 2017-2020.
Psychotherapy of Neurotic Character

Neurotic Character And Psychotherapy: General Principles Neurotic Self-Estrangement and Psychotherapy Neurotic Character The Therapeutic Material The Words and the Speaker The Patient and the Patients Problem Reactions to the Therapist The Therapeutic Process The Psychology of Therapeutic Change The Therapeutic Relationship The Question of Historical Interpretation The Course of Therapeutic Change.
Invariant Measures and the Ergodic Problem

A major concern in heavy traffic analysis is the long-time behavior of the physical systems, whether uncontrolled, controlled or optimally controlled, as well as the long time behavior of the weak-sense limit processes. The ergodic cost (or average cost per unit time over a long time interval) problem is particularly important in applications of heavy traffic analysis to communications systems. Due to their high speed, they tend to reach their new “steady states” rapidly as the operating conditions change.
An Evaluation of Two Different Schedules of Synthetic Thymosin α1 Administration in Patients with Lung Cancer

Thymosin α1 (molecular weight 3108) is one of the many active polypeptides isolated from thymosin fraction 5 (TF5) (Low and Goldstein, 1979; Goldstein et al., 1982). α1 was initially purified from extracts of calf thymus glands. Biologically active α1 has now been successfully synthesized by classical solution (Birr and Stollenwerk, 1979; Wang et al., 1978), solid-phase (Wang et al., 1980; Folkers, et al., 1980) and recombinant DNA procedures (Wetzel et al., 1980).
Consciousness and Anesthesia

Since their introduction in 1846, general anesthetics have played an essential role in clinical care, especially during surgical interventions. However, the ability of these unique drugs to infallibly yet reversibly suppress consciousness holds neuroscientific power as well. This chapter takes a systems neuroscience approach to the effects of general anesthetics on the neural substrates of wakefulness and awareness, ranging from the subcortical nuclei mediating sleep-wake states to the thalamocortical and corticocortical networks thought to mediate experience itself. The use of general anesthetics to test theories of consciousness is also discussed.
Toward a World of Opportunity

One evening in 1997, I sat in a shack in Khayelitsha Township outside of Cape Town, South Africa, and looked around at the ten adults who were about to be my students in a microenterprise course. Some were unemployed, others were just starting businesses, most were illiterate—and all were struggling mightily. The mix of eagerness and uncertainty I felt was reflected back to me in the eyes of my students. Putting my feelings aside, I dove into running the business simulation, describing a virtual marketplace in which the participants operate fictitious businesses. Things started a bit slowly, but within half an hour, we were all engaged and connected—and excited. These women and men grasped and increasingly mastered the interplay of costing and pricing, analyzing the risks of selling on credit, and the benefits of developing a negotiation strategy. We were all involved in this virtual marketplace. Participants bartered and boasted as they finalized sales and tallied their profits. The debrief was momentous for me. After only two hours of interactive training, the participants confidently demonstrated a deep understanding of microbusiness management concepts. Why develop a negotiation strategy? To get a better price! How do we do this? Understand your maximum and minimum price, consider the other person’s point of view, and keep the relationship positive so you can do business again tomorrow. Though they still had plenty to learn, the trainees were ready to return home, draw on their experiences from the simulation, and apply their new skills to making money the next morning, saving more wisely and investing more strategically. On my drive home, still feeling exuberant, I reflected on how crucial an experiential learning approach is for teaching practical microenterprise and entrepre
Airway reactivity in cystic fibrosis.

The issues surrounding the presence of airway reactivity in cystic fibrosis (CF) continue to be important both in understanding the physiology of CF and in its clinical management. How does the presence or absence of airways hyperreactivity relate to therapy in patients with CF? Is the response to bronchial provocation qualitatively or quantitatively different from that in asthma? Is increased airway tone an intrinsic part of this disease or a response to lung injury? Despite studies that date back over 20 years, the answers to these questions have yet to be delineated. This brief review will not answer these questions, but will make an attempt to put the data into perspective.
Topics Associated with Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Inverse Scattering in Multidimensions

In recent years the basic structure required to implement the inverse scattering transform in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions has been clarified and extended. Aspects involved with fully multidimensional problems have also been treated. In particular the inverse scattering associated with various multidimensional operators and generalizations of the sine-Gordon and self-dual Yang-Mills equations have been studied. A review of some of this work will be discussed in this review.
eduPAL: An Online Service to Create, Manage and Evaluate Educational Projects

In this paper we describe an online service that allows students to create research-based projects assignments very easily from different sources (desktop, laptop, mobile devices) and in different formats (text, still images, audio, video, annotated media). It also provides features to allow students to not only manage projects collaboratively, but also provides customizable templates to automatically generate well-paginated reports with several layout options. In addition, it allows teachers to automatically create project assignments as templates, and uses the class roster to allow the teacher to assign the projects to individual or groups of students, and monitor the progress and assignment status for any student or group of students in real time. The service uses a combination of natural language processing algorithms and data analytics to provide semi-automatic tracking, evaluation and dynamic visualization of the students’ progress in projects assignments over time.
Spectrum sharing and scheduling in D2D-enabled dense cellular networks

We study device-to-device (D2D) enabled hierarchical cellular networks consisting of a macro base station (BS), a dense network of access nodes (ANs) and mobile users, where spectrum is shared between cellular traffic and D2D traffic. Further, (the receivers of) mobile users dynamically time-share between the cellular and D2D networks. We develop algorithms for channel allocation and mobile-user receiver mode selection (choosing which network to participate in) with the objectives of minimizing delay for cellular traffic, and capacity maximization for D2D traffic. Our proposed solution takes advantage of the unique features offered by large and densified cellular networks such as multi-point connectivity, channel diversity, spatial reuse and load distribution. Given a BS-to-mobile delay requirement of d + 1 time-slots, we show that by appropriately scheduling channels and receiver modes, we can (with exponentially high probability) guarantee that cellular traffic reaches its intended destination within d timeslots. By leveraging spatial channel reuse, we show that this is achieved by utilizing a vanishingly small fraction of the available spatial capacity. Further, in the presence of delay-constrained cellular traffic, our scheduling algorithm guarantees D2D traffic can achieve rates within a (1−1/d) factor of the corresponding achievable rates without cellular traffic.
Orbitals with intermediate localization and low coupling: Spanning the gap between canonical and localized orbitals

Localized orbitals are representations of electronic structure, which are easier to interpret than delocalized, canonical orbitals. While unitary transformations from canonical orbitals into localized orbitals have long been known, existing techniques maximize localization without regard to coupling between orbitals. Especially in conjugated π spaces, orbitals are collapsed by unitary localization procedures into nonintuitive, strongly interacting units. Over-localization decreases interpretability, results in large values of interorbital coupling, and gives unmeaningful diagonal Fock energies. Herein, we introduce orbitals of intermediate localization that span between canonical and fully localized orbitals. To within a specified error, these orbitals preserve the diagonal nature of the Fock matrix while still introducing significant locality. In systems composed of molecular fragments, π spaces can be localized into weakly coupled units. Importantly, as the weakly coupled orbitals separate, highly coupled orbitals maintain their expected structure. The resulting orbitals therefore correspond well to chemical intuition and maintain accurate orbital energies, making this procedure unique among existing orbital localization techniques. This article focuses on the formation and physical analysis of orbitals that smoothly connect the known fully delocalized and fully localized limits.
Nonhomologous end-joining: mechanisms, conservation and relationship to illegitimate recombination

Illegitimate recombination (IR) is the exchange of genetic information by formation of junctions between nonhomologous chromosome segments. IR is intimately associated with the process of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) that is dependent on Ku, DNA ligase IV, and associated proteins. Other processes also appear to be at play at in IR which have varying degrees of overlap with NHEJ, homologous recombination and single-strand break repair, and which depend on structural features of the initiating double-strand breaks (DSBs). This review takes a broad view of these issues by considering the conservation of Ku-dependent NHEJ and related processes from bacteria to man. Both extensive conservation and marked variability are evident, providing a rich future framework for correlating life cycles, DSB rejoining mechanisms, repair accuracy, and other selectable evolutionary benefits of NHEJ.
Developing CORBA-Based Distributed Scientific Applications from Legacy Fortran Programs

An efficient methodology is presented for integrating legacy applications written in Fortran into a distributed object framework. Issues and strategies regarding the conversion and decomposition of Fortran codes into Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) objects are discussed. Fortran codes are modified as little as possible as they are decomposed into modules and wrapped as objects. A new conversion tool takes the Fortran application as input and generates the C/C++ header file and Interface Definition Language (IDL) file. In addition, the performance of the client server computing is evaluated.
Hydrologic conditions controlling runoff generation immediately after wildfire

[1] We investigated the control of postwildfire runoff by physical and hydraulic properties of soil, hydrologic states, and an ash layer immediately following wildfire. The field site is within the area burned by the 2010 Fourmile Canyon Fire in Colorado, USA. Physical and hydraulic property characterization included ash thickness, particle size distribution, hydraulic conductivity, and soil water retention curves. Soil water content and matric potential were measured indirectly at several depths below the soil surface to document hydrologic states underneath the ash layer in the unsaturated zone, whereas precipitation and surface runoff were measured directly. Measurements of soil water content showed that almost no water infiltrated below the ash layer into the near-surface soil in the burned site at the storm time scale (i.e., minutes to hours). Runoff generation processes were controlled by and highly sensitive to ash thickness and ash hydraulic properties. The ash layer stored from 97% to 99% of rainfall, which was critical for reducing runoff amounts. The hydrologic response to two rain storms with different rainfall amounts, rainfall intensity, and durations, only ten days apart, indicated that runoff generation was predominantly by the saturation-excess mechanism perched at the ash-soil interface during the first storm and predominantly by the infiltration-excess mechanism at the ash surface during the second storm. Contributing area was not static for the two storms and was 4% (saturation excess) to 68% (infiltration excess) of the catchment area. Our results showed the importance of including hydrologic conditions and hydraulic properties of the ash layer in postwildfire runoff generation models.
The Cdc14B-Cdh1-Plk1 axis controls the G2 DNA damage response checkpoint

In response to DNA damage in G2, mammalian cells must avoid entry into mitosis and instead initiate DNA repair. Here, we show that, in response to genotoxic stress in G2, the phosphatase Cdc14B translocates from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and induces the activation of the ubiquitin ligase APC/C(Cdh1), with the consequent degradation of Plk1, a prominent mitotic kinase. This process induces the stabilization of Claspin, an activator of the DNA-damage checkpoint, and Wee1, an inhibitor of cell-cycle progression, and allows an efficient G2 checkpoint. As a by-product of APC/C(Cdh1) reactivation in DNA-damaged G2 cells, Claspin, which we show to be an APC/C(Cdh1) substrate in G1, is targeted for degradation. However, this process is counteracted by the deubiquitylating enzyme Usp28 to permit Claspin-mediated activation of Chk1 in response to DNA damage. These findings define a novel pathway that is crucial for the G2 DNA-damage-response checkpoint.
The Inefficient Stock Market: What Pays Off and Why

In this issue, two books are reviewed which offer differing views regarding adding value in financial markets or institutions: Robert Haugen, The Inefficient Stock Market (2nd edition, Pearson Education [2002]) and Emmanuel Acar, ed., Added Value in Financial Institutions (Pearson Education [2001]).
Examination of relations between the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised and the Temperament and Character Inventory.

The present investigation examined the relation of the Five Factor Model of personality as measured by the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised to the seven-factor model of temperament and character as tapped by the Temperament and Character Inventory by testing a sample of 344 undergraduate students. Correlations and regression analyses suggest there is substantial overlap between the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised domains and Temperament and Character Inventory dimensions as reflected in multiple correlations ranging from .54 to .80 for the latter when used as predictors of NEO Personality Inventory-Revised domains and .46 to .78 for the former domains when used as predictors of Temperament and Character Inventory dimension scores. Information for constructing the regression equations to allow for the prediction of personality constructs for one model from scores obtained on the other are provided.
Fast address lookups using controlled prefix expansion

Internet (IP) address lookup is a major bottleneck in high-performance routers. IP address lookup is challenging because it requires a longest matching prefix lookup. It is compounded by increasing routing table sizes, increased traffic, higher-speed links, and the migration to 128-bit IPv6 addresses. We describe how IP lookups and updates can be made faster using a set of of transformation techniques. Our main technique, controlled prefix expansion, transforms a set of prefixes into an equivalent set with fewer prefix lengths. In addition, we use optimization techniques based on dynamic programming, and local transformations of data structures to improve cache behavior. When applied to trie search, our techniques provide a range of algorithms (Expanded Tries) whose performance can be tuned. For example, using a processor with 1MB of L2 cache, search of the MaeEast database containing 38000 prefixes can be done in 3 L2 cache accesses. On a 300MHz Pentium II which takes 4 cycles for accessing the first word of the L2 cacheline, this algorithm has a worst-case search time of 180 nsec., a worst-case insert/delete time of 2.5 msec., and an average insert/delete time of 4 usec. Expanded tries provide faster search and faster insert/delete times than earlier lookup algirthms. When applied to Binary Search on Levels, our techniques improve worst-case search times by nearly a factor of 2 (using twice as much storage) for the MaeEast database. Our approach to algorithm design is based on measurements using the VTune tool on a Pentium to obtain dynamic clock cycle counts. Our techniques also apply to similar address lookup problems in other network protocols.
Large parathyroid tumors have an increased risk of atypia and carcinoma.

Abstract Background Risk for atypia and carcinoma in large parathyroid tumors is not known. Atypia and carcinoma were determined in small ( Methods The study was a retrospective analysis of a 5-year prospective database. Tumor weight, histopathology, age, gender, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels were registered. Patients with 4-gland disease were not included. Results Among 353 parathyroid tumors, 313 weighed P P Conclusions Large parathyroid tumors have increased risk for atypia and carcinoma. Even so, most large parathyroid tumors are benign.
Pycnodysostosis: A case report of a child with associated trisomy X

A patient with pycnodysostosis has been followed for 18 years. All the diagnosticpitfalls have been observed. Characteristic clinical findings include short stature, deficiencies in distal phalanges which may progress, dense bones with propensity to fracture, and many minor bone anomalies. This patient also has trisomy X. The nature of the metabolic defect in pycnodysostosis has been shown to be one of decreased accretion coupled with decreased resorption.
Evaluation of the Bone Injection Gun as a Method for Intraosseous Cannula Placement for Fluid Therapy in Adult Dogs

Objective— To evaluate the Bone Injection Gun (BIG) for placement of intraosseous cannulas through impact penetration and compare it with a standard Jamshidi bone marrow needle (JBMN) and to compare fluid delivery dynamics through each device. Study Design— Randomized in vivo study. Animals— Forty-eight mature dogs. Methods— During surgical laboratories, dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 24), and intraosseous access in the proximal tibial metaphysis was obtained using a BIG or JBMN. Variables measured during placement included insertion success, time required for placement, and alterations in respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure. After placement, maintenance fluids were administered to 6 dogs from each group, and fluids were administered under pressure to 6 dogs from each group to compare rates of delivery through each device. After euthanasia, the tibiae were harvested to evaluate and compare the morphologic consequences of needle and cannula placement. Results— Successful placement occurred in 20 (83%) dogs for the BIG and 23 (96%) dogs for the JBMN, which was not significantly different (P= .3475). Time required for placement was significantly less (P= .0024) for the BIG (mean, 22.4 ± 8.2 seconds) compared with the JBMN (mean, 42.0 ± 28.1 seconds). Significant increases in RR occurred in both groups and in the HR for the BIG group, but significant differences were not noted between groups. Mean rate of pressurized fluid administration was similar for both groups. Two distinct patterns of cortical bone damage occurred, but the clinical significance of this observation is uncertain. Conclusions— The BIG provides more rapid access to the intraosseous space for fluid administration than the JBMN. Clinical Relevance— The BIG is an effective alternative for obtaining rapid access to the intraosseous space for emergency fluid and drug administration.
Photoinduced luminescence from the noble metals and its enhancement on roughened surfaces

Single-photon- and multiphoton-induced luminescence spectra were obtained from clean samples of silver, copper, and gold with both smooth and rough surfaces. The spectra reveal new features which are correlated with interband transitions at selected symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. Calculating luminescence spectra based on simplified models of the band structures of the noble metals and taking into account the Fresnel local-field corrections, we find qualitative agreement with the observed spectra from smooth samples. The agreement between theory and experiment is less satisfactory for rough samples. The influence of surface roughness on the luminescence is largely attributable to local-field enhancement in the rough surface protrusions.
Activity measurements in oxide solid solutions: The systems NiO-MgO and NiO-MnO in the temperature interval 1100–1300°C

Abstract Activities of NiO in NiO-MgO and NiO-MnO solid solutions have been measured by equilibrating oxide samples with pure metallic Ni in atmospheres of known oxygen partial pressures. The system NiO-MgO is ideal, within limits of experimental error, whereas the system NiO-MnO shows considerable positive deviation from ideality in the temperature interval studied in the present investigation, 1100–1300°C.
Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Groups

The reactions described in this chapter include some of the most useful and frequently employed synthetic methods for carbon—carbon bond formation: aldol and Claisen condensation reactions,the Wittig and related olefination reactions, and the Robinson annulation. All of these processes involve, at some point, the addition of a carbon nucleophile to a carbonyl group. The type of product which is isolated depends on the nature of the substituent (X) on the carbon nucleophile, the substituents (A and B) on the carbonyl group, and the ways in which A, B, and X affect the reaction pathways available to the intermediate formed in the addition step.
Selective non-enzymic cleavage of the myosin rod. Electron-microscopic studies on crystals and paracrystals of light meromyosin-C

Abstract Cyanogen bromide selectively cleaves the rod section of the myosin molecule at two specific methionyl residues lying approximately 950 A from the C-terminus. As a consequence, a large segment of the α-helical coiled-coil backbone of myosin (light meromyosin-C) is released fully intact without internal peptide bond interruptions. Since this molecule (unlike light meromyosin produced by tryptic cleavage) is a chemically homogeneous fragment of myosin, its aggregation properties have been examined with the electron microscope over a wide range of solvent conditions in an attempt to prepare true three-dimensional crystals. At least four ordered phases of light meromyosin-C aggregates have been identified. These phases are: (a) unbanded filaments; (b) paracrystalline tactoida which show a 143 A period when stained; (c) paracrystalline square nets with a 685 A repeat distance; (4) true crystals, based upon a stacking of layers of parallel strands running alternately in two mutually perpendicular directions. These reticulated crystals appear in projection as square nets with a repeat distance of 390 ± 10 A, and a plausible model has been built to account for their electron microscopic features.
Sequence-tagged sites (STSs) for a set of mapped markers on chromosome 21.

Sequence tagged sites (STSs) have been proposed as a “common language” for comparing physical and genetic maps of the human genome produced by a variety of techniques. We have produced 44 STSs from 38 mapped loci on human chromosome 21. The STSs represent most of the loci designated as genetic reference or ordered physical framework markers, along with a number of others chosen to span all regions of 21q. Of the STSs, 12 are from gene segments, including 4 from exons of the APP gene encoding the amyloid β protein precursor, and 32 mark anonymous DNA loci. These STSs make each of the corresponding loci readily accessible to the research community without the need for exchange of clones. These sites also represent multiple start points for the isolation of YAC clones that should permit overlapping the entire chromosome 21 long arm as cloned DNA.
Wavelength conversion in optical networks

In many models of optical routing, we are given a set of communication paths in a network, and we must assign a wavelength to each path so that paths sharing an edge receive different wavelengths. The goal is to assign as few wavelengths as possible in order to make as efficient use as possible of the optical bandwidth. A lot of work in the area of optical networks has considered the use of wavelength converters: if a node of a network contains a wavelength converter, any path that passes through this node may change its wavelength. Having converters at some of the nodes can reduce the number of wavelengths required for routing, down to the following natural congestion bound: even with converters, we will always need at least as many wavelengths as the maximum number of paths sharing a single edge. Thus Wilfong and Winkler defined a set S of nodes in a network to be sufficient if, placing converters at the nodes in S, every set of paths can be routed with a number of wavelengths equal to its congestion bound. They showed that finding a sufficient set of minimum size is NP-complete, even in planar graphs.In this paper, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm to find a sufficient set for an arbitrary directed network whose size is within a factor of 2 of minimum. We also observe that improving on the factor of 2 would lead to a corresponding improvement for the vertex cover problem. For the case of planar graphs, we provide a polynomial-time approximation scheme. The algorithms are based on connections between the minimum sufficient set problem and the undirected feedback vertex set problem. In particular, as a component of the algorithm on planar graphs, we develop the first polynomial-time approximation scheme for the undirected feedback vertex set problem in planar graphs, a result that we feel to be of interest in its own right.
De novo biosynthesis of dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 1 in mammalian cells

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) is one of the two known kinases, which generates sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent endogenous lipid mediator involved in cell survival, proliferation, and cell-cell interactions. Activation of SK1 and intracellular generation of S1P were suggested to be part of the growth and survival factor-induced signaling, and overexpression of SK1 provoked cell tumorigenic transformation. Using a highly selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach, here we show that SK1 overexpression, but not SK2, in different primary cells and cultured cell lines results in predominant upregulation of the synthesis of dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (DHS1P) compared to S1P. Stable isotope pulse-labeling experiments in conjunction with LC-MS/MS quantitation of different sphingolipids demonstrated strong interference of overexpressed SK1 with the de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis by deviating metabolic flow of newly formed sphingoid bases from ceramide formation toward the synthesis of DHS1P. On the contrary, S1P biosynthesis was not directly linked to the de novo sphingoid bases transformations and was dependent on catabolic generation of sphingosine from complex sphingolipids. As a result of SK1 overexpression, migration and Ca2+-response of human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) to stimulation with external S1P, but not thrombin, was strongly impaired. In contrast, selective increase in intracellular content of DHS1P or S1P through the uptake and phosphorylation of corresponding sphingoid bases had no effect on S1P-induced signaling or facilitation of wound healing. Furthermore, infection of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) with RSV A-2 virus increased SK1-mediated synthesis of DHS1P and S1P, whereas TNF-alpha enhanced only S1P production in HPAEC. These findings uncover a new functional role for SK1, which can control survival/death (DHS1P-S1P/ceramides) balance by targeting sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis and selectively generating DHS1P at a metabolic step preceding ceramide formation.
On the morphology, behaviour and systematic status of the assam macaque (Macaca assamensis McClelland, 1839)

Studies on a living and freshly dead male ofM. assamensis at Y.R.P.R.C. supplemented by notes on a living pair and their male offspring observed at the Z.S.L., enable us to supplement existing data on the somatology, craniology, dental anatomy and behavioural features of the species. Collectively the new data necessitate taxonomic revision of the status of the species, viz: its removal from immediate association withM. mulatta (subgenusMaimon) and alignment within the subgenusZati. Zoogeographical discontinuity in this subgenus is compared with that of the subgenusSilenus.
Associations between caregiver support, bullying, and depressive symptomatology among sexual minority and heterosexual girls: Results from the 2008 Boston youth survey.

Although sexual minority (SM) youth are at an increased risk for being bullied and experiencing depression, it is unclear how caregiver support is interrelated with those variables. Therefore, we sought to assess: (a) the prevalence of nonphysical bullying, depressive symptomatology, and caregiver support among heterosexual and SM girls, (b) the association between caregiver support and bullying in both groups, and (c) whether sexual orientation moderates the interactive effect of caregiver support and bullying on depressive symptoms. Data come from a survey of students in 22 Boston public high schools; 99 of the 832 girls in the analytic sample were SM. We used chi-square statistics to examine group differences, and multiple regression to estimate the association between the caregiver support, sexual orientation, being bullied, and depressive symptomatology. SM girls reported similar levels of caregiver support as heterosexual girls, but reported higher levels of depressive symptomatology. They were also more likely to report nonphysical bullying. Tests for interactions were not statistically significant, suggesting that bullying, caregiver support, and sexual orientation are independently associated with depressive symptomatology.
Acute Effects of Steroids On Immune Complex Profile of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Eleven patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus, previously untreated, were studied to 1) determine the acute effect of corticosteroids on circulating immune complex (CIC) levels and 2) correlate the initial CIC profile with the development of organ system involvement. Using serial measurements of CIC as detected by assays for cryoglobulins and binding to C1q, Raji cells, and rheumatoid factor, we found that levels of CIC change little during the first month of high dose daily steroid therapy, but they uniformly decrease to near normal by 6 to 12 months. High levels of CIC detected by Raji cell assay early in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus and before steroid therapy appear to be predictive of the development of chronic lupus nephritis (P less than 0.005).
Improving the performance of established PSM programs

Many facilities have now implemented and maintained process safety management (PSM) programs for 20 years or more, but these facilities continue to have sometimes serious incidents and injuries suggesting a continuing need to improve their PSM performance. Of course, new requirements are often added to upgrade PSM programs, due to near-miss learnings, audit findings, and new recommended and generally accepted good engineering practices, for example, but often overall performance improvements have not occurred or have not achieved the desired level of performance. How can significant performance improvements be obtained? Although performance issues at different facilities will certainly vary, this article provides several key approaches for improving overall PSM performance and for helping prevent injuries and incidents. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Proptosis as the Manifesting Sign of Weber-Christian Disease

Purpose To identify proptosis as a manifesting sign of Weber-Christian disease (recurrent febrile nodular panniculitis). Method Case report. A 61-year-old man had signs of right proptosis and orbital inflammation that resolved with oral corticosteroid therapy. Orbital inflammation later recurred with associated cutaneous nodules, myalgia, nausea, and malaise. Results Rheumatologic evaluation and subcutaneous nodule biopsy led to the diagnosis of Weber-Christian disease. The patient required systemic immunosuppressive agents to control the disease. Conclusion This case shows the rare finding of proptosis as the manifesting sign of Weber-Christian disease.