cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Workplace Constitution from the New Deal to the New Right: Agencies Recognize the Liberal Workplace Constitution in the New Frontier

“ Stator v. Privatus ” Archibald Cox Writing one’s name can be the most mundane of acts, but for Ivory Davis, it was an act of resistance. It was 1962 and Davis was a leader in the all-black local of the Independent Metal Workers Union. For decades, Davis’s employer, the Hughes Tool Company in Houston, had confined African American workers to the least-skilled, lowest-paying jobs. In the latest round of contract negotiations, Davis’s local had refused to sign any contract “unless it provided equitable opportunity and job advancements for all employees.” The company and the whites-only local instead renewed the existing racially stratified contract and, salting the wound, created six new apprenticeship positions for the higher-paying and still all-white tool and die department. When the company asked for applicants in February 1962, Ivory Davis signed up. His local insisted that its members deserved “to be treated like all other Americans” and should be “eligible to fill the [apprenticeship] jobs.” The company did not award Davis an apprenticeship, however, citing the contract’s terms, and the white local refused to help Davis challenge (or “grieve”) the company’s decision. Davis and his local took their protest to the National Labor Relations Board instead. By the time Davis’s local filed its unfair labor practice charges in 1962, African Americans’ freedom struggle was consuming the nation’s attention. The 1960 decision by four black college students to ask for service at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, had sparked a sit-in movement that rippled across the South and inspired mass actions on an unprecedented scale. Best known are the southern Freedom Rides, the rural Mississippi voter registration drives, and Martin Luther King Jr.’s marches down the streets of Birmingham, Alabama. Less well known are the protests by angry picketers in cities across the Rust Belt who demanded jobs for black construction workers, and the complaints black workers like Davis made to the NLRB in cities from San Francisco to the Southeast.
Modification of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced hyperactivity by monoamine oxidase A inhibitor harmaline in mice and the underlying serotonergic mechanisms.

Abstract Background 5-Methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and harmaline are indolealkylamine (IAA) drugs often abused together. Our recent studies have revealed the significant effects of co-administered harmaline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), on 5-MeO-DMT pharmacokinetics and thermoregulation. This study was to delineate the impact of harmaline and 5-MeO-DMT on home-cage activity in mouse models, as well as the contribution of serotonin (5-HT) receptors. Methods Home-cage activities of individual animals were monitored automatically in the home cages following implantation of telemetry transmitters and administration of various doses of IAA drugs and 5-HT receptor antagonists. Area under the effect curve (AUEC) of mouse activity values were calculated by trapezoidal rule. Results High dose of harmaline (15 mg/kg, ip ) alone caused an early-phase (0–45 min) hypoactivity in mice that was fully attenuated by 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635, whereas a late-phase (45–180 min) hyperactivity that was reduced by 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist MDL-100907. 5-MeO-DMT (10 and 20 mg/kg, ip ) alone induced biphasic effects, an early-phase (0–45 min) hypoactivity that was completely attenuated by WAY-100635, and a late-phase (45–180 min) hyperactivity that was fully suppressed by MDL-100907. Interestingly, co-administration of MAOI harmaline (2–15 mg/kg) with a subthreshold dose of 5-MeO-DMT (2 mg/kg) induced excessive hyperactivities at late phase (45–180 min) that could be abolished by either WAY-100635 or MDL-100907. Conclusions Co-administration of MAOI with 5-MeO-DMT provokes excessive late-phase hyperactivity, which involves the activation of both 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors.
Connective Tissue Diseases

The term connective tissue disease (and sometimes collagen vascular disease) refers to the autoimmune spectra of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, Sjogren’s, and scleroderma. This category reviews all of these entities, but also includes other diseases that affect the connective tissues with relevance to dermatology.
Corporate Investment and Financing Dynamics

This paper studies the behavior of leverage ratios in a dynamic trade-off model with real frictions. Firms underutilize debt when financing investment to retain financial flexibility. Underutilization of debt persists even when firms exercise their last investment options, and it is more (less) severe for more back-loaded (front-loaded) investment opportunities. Thus, leverage dynamics crucially hinge upon the structure of the investment process and otherwise identical firms appear to have significantly different target leverage ratios. Structural estimation of key parameters reveals that simulated model moments can match data moments. We obtain capital structure regression results in line with the empirical evidence, and explain the empirical puzzle that average leverage ratios are path-dependent and persistent for extended periods of time.
Differences in Perceptions of the Food Environment Between African American Men Who Did and Did Not Consume Recommended Levels of Fruits and Vegetables

African American men have high rates of chronic disease morbidity and mortality associated with their low rates of fruit and vegetable consumption. In an effort to inform tailored behavioral interventions for this demographic, we sought to assess if men with healthier eating practices viewed their environment differently than those who ate less healthy. We segmented participants into high/low healthy eating categories based on the daily fruit and vegetable serving recommendations from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to determine if differences among environmental and social barriers were associated with different healthy eating patterns. We found key differences between men who consumed the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables (five or more servings/day, high healthy eating) and men who did not (low healthy eating). Men who consumed recommended levels of fruits and vegetables found eating healthy to be easy, and they described how they were able to overcome barriers such as the cost of healthy food, their limited knowledge of nutrition guidelines, and their lack of willpower to make healthier food choices. Men with healthier eating practices also identified individuals, plans, and resources they used or could use to help them have healthier eating practices. Conversely, men who were not eating recommended levels of fruits and vegetables also found eating healthy to be easy; however, they identified barriers limiting their access and did not articulate strategies to overcome these perceived barriers. Many of these men also indicated that they did not have social support to help them engage in healthier eating practices. These findings highlight the need to understand how African American men's conceptualization of environmental resources and social supports relate to their eating practices.
Inverse Methods for Design and Control of Thermal Systems: Validation in a 2-D Visible Light Enclosure

Inverse methods have recently been introduced and applied to the design and control of thermal systems, particularly to systems where radiative transfer is the main heat transfer mode. The results of the steady state design of a representative radiative system using inverse methods have been experimentally validated on a modeled physical system. Few experiments have been developed to validate radiative transfer calculations even in simple systems. This is because it is difficult to separate other modes of energy transfer from radiative transfer, and, in transient systems, thermal inertia effects often mask the precise measurement of radiative effects. The present study is a continuation of the earlier validation work, performed to further study and eventually validate the inverse design and control methods by modeling and designing a simplified physical thermal system. A main focus of the present study is to exploit the similarities between thermal radiative systems lacking thermal inertia and visible light systems. Because of the absence of thermal capacitance, the response of a visible light system depends intrinsically on the state of the light source. The present study considers the inverse design of a newly developed experimental apparatus designed to simulate a low capacitance, two-dimensional radiative enclosure. The apparatus relies on the direct analogy between visible light and radiative heat transfer in a cold, low capacitance system where conduction and convection are suppressed. The system is designed so that both steady state and transient conditions can be achieved. The enclosure is equipped with individually controlled low-power lamps as the source of radiant flux, and these mimic radiant heaters in a real system. The design surface is instrumented with light detectors so that the intensity of the illumination on this surface can be quantified and eventually compared with the design goal. This paper illustrates the characteristics and capabilities of the experimental setup, along with the validity of inverse methods for steady state inverse design of the enclosure to achieve specified conditions on the design surface and sequent validation of the results on the experimental system.© 2003 ASME
The Next Managerial Leadership: Continuation of a Research Agenda

The intention of this keynote is to present some more or less provocative ideas concerning the development of public libraries. In USA and Western Europe, we do witness the same types of developments in public libraries and we see very similar themes of discourses independent of the national and local culture in which these libraries operate. Some of the themes concern the management structure and organisation but more important is probably the current think about service delivery in a broad sense. Service delivery concerns the activities. It is areas like collection and collection management, the allocation of resources to the different part of the collection, the interplay and relationship between national internet-based delivery and the local service. Another important theme is the effort concerning the public library and its integration into the community taking up different forms of citizen services, cooperation and partnership with the local community, but also a focus on playing a new and more active role in the cultural scene by for example emphasising learning activities, lifelong learning, internet courses and different forms for events and exhibitions. The ambition is to become a local meeting place, a third room; a common intended to generate social capital. This discourse and many of the activities resulting from it like 23 thinks, the libraries in the second world and experiments with various forms of social technology appear to how a great appeal in the library profession. However, both library statistics and numerous studies of users and their preferences give a more differentiated picture. In most countries, the public libraries face economic hardship. They witness stagnating or decreasing numbers of visitors and the issues of traditional materials also tend to decrease. The public appear to value especially the services and products that suffer due to economic pressures and the internal priority setting in libraries. Overall, it appears – at least at the surface – that users do have a rather traditional view of the public library and their stated preferences also seems to be very traditional as they are oriented towards books and information and to a lesser degree towards new services and delivery forms. It is of course of paramount interest to investigate possible discrepancies between the discourse and the practices in the professions and the users’ preferences, priorities and level of satisfaction. There is probably no right solution to the problem, but it is of both a practical and theoretical significance to investigate which factors influence the development of the discourse and the activities in the professions and in the public libraries and is also important to be able to measure users perception of the significance and importance of the service delivery and to which degree this is connected with measures of satisfaction.
Determination of Metals in Composite Diet Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry

A study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) techniques for determination of metals in composite diets. Aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, nickel, vanadium, and zinc were determined by this method. Atmospheric pressure microwave digestion was used to solubilize analytes in homogenized composite diet samples, and this procedure was followed by ICP-MS analysis. Recovery of certified elements from standard reference materials ranged from 92 to 119% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.4-1.9%. Recovery of elements from fortified composite diet samples ranged from 75 to 129% with RSDs of 0-11.3%. Limits of detection ranged from 1 to 1700 ng/g; high values were due to significant amounts of certain elements naturally present in composite diets. Results of this study demonstrate that low-resolution quadrupole-based ICP-MS provides precise and accurate measurements of the elements tested in composite diet samples.
Analysis of Plates

This chapter focuses on the inplane and bending analysis of plates. When a flat plate is subjected to both inplane and transverse or normal loads, any point inside the plate can have displacement components u , v , and w parallel to x , y , and z axes, respectively. In the small deflection (or linear) theory of thin plates, the transverse deflection w is uncoupled from the inplane deflections u and v . Consequently, the stiffness matrices for the inplane and transverse deflections are also uncoupled and they can be calculated independently. Thus, if a plate is subjected to inplane loads only, it will undergo deformation in its plane only. In this case, the plate is said to be under the action of “membrane” forces. Similarly, if the plate is subjected to transverse loads (and/or bending moments), any point inside the plate experiences essentially a lateral displacement w (inplane displacements u and v , are also experienced because of the rotation of the plate element). In this case, the plate is said to be under the action of bending forces. When the plate elements are used for the analysis of three-dimensional structures, such as folded plate structures, both inplane and bending actions are considered in the development of element properties.
Just So Stories about the Evolution of Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a form of active cell death engaged by developmental cues as well as many different cellular stresses in which the dying cell essentially ‘packages' itself for removal. The process of apoptotic cell death, as defined at the molecular level, is unique to the Metazoa (animals). Yet active cell death exists in non-animal organisms, and in some cases molecules involved in such death show some sequence similarities to those involved in apoptosis, leading to extensive speculation regarding the evolution of apoptosis. Here, we examine such speculation from the perspective of the functional properties of molecules of the mitochondrial apoptotic cell death pathway. We suggest scenarios for the evolution of one pathway of apoptosis, the mitochondrial pathway, and consider how they might be tested. We conclude with a ‘Just So Story' of how the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis might have evolved during eukaryotic evolution.
On the Facts of the “Facts of the ‘Text’”

(1988). On the Facts of the “Facts of the ‘Text’”. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 11, Communication Yearbook 11, pp. 482-493.
Blackness in the rhetorical imaginary

The genesis of this special issue of the Southern Communication Journal on Race and Rhetoric began as a preconference at the National Communication Association (NCA) in 2014. There, Leslie Harris a...
The impact of hip strengthening and/or neuromuscular control on frontal plane knee kinematics and kinetics in females: a systematic review

Background: Physical therapists commonly treat individuals with anterior knee pain (AKP) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Despite the suggestion for including hip strengthening or neuromuscular control exercises in preventative programs to change knee mechanics and reduce AKP and ACL injuries and in the treatment of AKP, no previous systematic review has addressed the impact of these exercises on frontal plane knee mechanics.Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the level of evidence associated with hip strengthening or neuromuscular control exercises as an intervention to improve frontal plane knee mechanics during dynamic activity in females.Methods: Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL Plus with full text, and SportDiscus with full text; specific search terms were used. All studies were to include females without any current knee pain or injury. Studies had to investigate the impact of a hip strengthening or a hip neuromuscular control program or a combin...
Molecular Genetics of Fertilization

Publisher Summary This chapter describes unique gamete characteristics that determine which approaches can be used to study them, and discusses systems that are particularly good for the genetic analysis of fertilization.. In the past, genetic approaches to a molecular understanding of fertilization have often been overlooked. However, advances in genome sequencing, linkage maps, and targeted gene disruption methods have opened many more species to serious genetic dissection. At the time of fertilization, the oocytes of almost all vertebrates are arrested in some stage of meiosis. The relationship of meiosis to fertilization in invertebrates' oocytes, however, is much more variable with oocytes of various species being fertilized in the germinal vesicle stage during meiosis or after the completion of meiosis. Oocytes have a very robust translational system that has been used to determine whether specific signal transduction pathways are functional. mRNA specifying a receptor of interest can be injected into oocytes. The approach involving injection of mRNA specified receptor into oocytes has been used in many species. In mammalian fertilization, sperm mitochondria are incorporated into the oocyte, yet only maternal mitochondria are inherited by the zygote. Specific mitochondrial proteins are ubiquinated in the spermatid. Sperm mitochondria are destroyed in the oocyte by ubiquitin-stimulated proteolysis. This chapter further looks into spermatozoa and genetic model systems regarding species like Yeast, Chlamydomonas , Caenorhabditis Elegans , Drosophila , Zebrafish ( Danio Rerio ), and Mouse .
Prediction of Memory Impairment with MRI Data: A Longitudinal Study of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), a severe type of neurodegenerative disorder with progressive impairment of learning and memory, has threatened the health of millions of people. How to recognize AD at early stage is crucial. Multiple models have been presented to predict cognitive impairments by means of neuroimaging data. However, traditional models did not employ the valuable longitudinal information along the progression of the disease. In this paper, we proposed a novel longitudinal feature learning model to simultaneously uncover the interrelations among different cognitive measures at different time points and utilize such interrelated structures to enhance the learning of associations between imaging features and prediction tasks. Moreover, we adopted Schatten p-norm to identify the interrelation structures existing in the low-rank subspace. Empirical results on the ADNI cohort demonstrated promising performance of our model.
A Synthesis of Exiguaquinol Dessulfate.

A concise and stereoselective synthesis of exiguaquinol dessulfate is described. Sequential application of a Diels-Alder cycloaddition, a desymmetrizing aldol addition, and a reductive Heck cyclization established most of the architecture of exiguaquinol, and a carefully choreographed introduction of the polar substituents afforded the title compound; unfortunately, naphthoquinol sulfation could not be achieved to deliver exiguaquinol. Our hypothesis regarding the configurational preference of the N-acyl hemiaminal, which was based upon an analysis of internal hydrogen-bonding interactions with polar functional groups, was proven correct. Unfortunately, the title compound did not demonstrate any bactericidal activity against H. pylori cultures.
Automating atmospheric neutron testing: Minimizing cost and improving statistical certainty

Accurate radiation-induced event-rate predictions are critical in establishing expected electronic equipment performance in natural space and terrestrial avionic environments. Some sources of uncertainty, like environmental software models, cannot easily be improved. However, the statistical certainty of collected data, facility rental expense, and engineering man-power can be optimized through high fidelity automated test. The investment in automated test development results in a lower overall cost of a test campaign, while simultaneously maximizing statistical certainty of the collected data. This is achieved by tailoring the automated test to expedite the event data capture per unit of real time at atmospheric neutron test facilities.
Meta-Analysis of Pre-Clinical Trials of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a potent neuroprotectant for experimental ischemic stroke, but studies of TH for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are emerging. We systematically reviewed the experime...
Examining School Attachment, Social Support, and Trauma Symptomatology Among Court-Involved, Female Students

Court-involved youth (i.e., youth in the foster care and/or juvenile justice systems), and particularly those in residential placement facilities, often present with trauma histories that can impede various areas of development and functioning. These traumatic histories can negatively impact academic performance and school success, leading to poorer outcomes later in life. In particular, female youth in these systems exhibit unique responses to traumatic experiences that further complicate healthy development. This study assesses female, court-involved students (n = 141), exploring the relationship between school attachment and school involvement, school social support (from peers, teachers, and other staff), and trauma symptomatology among a sample of residential placement students exposed to a trauma-informed teaching intervention over the course of a school year. It was hypothesized that higher school attachment/involvement and social support would be associated with lower student trauma symptomatology. As expected, findings demonstrated that students in the sample had experienced high trauma exposure, as indicated by their high trauma symptomatology. Unexpectedly, they also had high school attachment. Furthermore, higher school attachment was associated with lower trauma symptoms among students. On the other hand, students reported lower levels of social support from classmates, which was associated with significantly higher trauma symptomatology. Implications for future research are addressed.
Introduction: Opening the Conversation

This chapter introduces the orientation of the volume around four papers published by C. Henry Kempe and his colleagues. Each paper is followed by invited commentaries that consider the impact and legacy of Dr. Kempe’s work.
Robust dynamic average consensus algorithm for signals with bounded derivatives

Development and analysis of a robust dynamic average consensus algorithm for arbitrary reference signals with known bounded derivatives is presented. The proposed approach does not rely on full knowledge of the dynamics generating the reference signals nor assume access to its time derivatives. Compared to existing approaches, the proposed algorithm does not require any initialization criteria and therefore it is robust to changes in network topology. Robustness of the proposed approach is attributed to the two consecutive Laplacian matrices that appear in the algorithm and thus two rounds of communication are needed between each update of the agents' estimates. Therefore we introduce a singularly perturbed system that would effectively place an integral between the consecutive Laplacian matrices and allow the nodes to replace the two rounds of communication involving a single variable with a single round of communication involving two variables. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical contributions of the paper.
Efficacy of technology-based interventions to increase the use of hearing protections among adolescent farmworkers

Objective: Adolescent farmworkers are exposed to loud noise during farm activities. We present a prospective study that evaluated the efficacy of low-cost, technology-based intervention approaches ...
Regioselective Synthesis of [3]Naphthylenes and Tuning of Their Antiaromaticity

Polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons containing four-membered cyclobutadienoids (CBDs) are of great fundamental and technical interest due to the antiaromaticity brought by CBD circuits. However, their synthesis has been challenging, hampering the exploration and understanding of such systems. We report efficient synthesis of a series of unprecedented [3]naphthylene regioisomers in high yields, where three naphthalenoids are fused through two CBDs in linear, angular, and bent regioconnectivity. Their synthesis was enabled by exclusively regioselective catalytic arene–norbornene annulation (CANAL) between dibromonaphthalenes and benzooxanorbornadienes, followed by aromatization. [3]Naphthylene regioisomers exhibited distinct optoelectronic properties. Nucleus-independent chemical shift calculations, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography revealed the strong effect of the fusion pattern on the local antiaromaticity and aromaticity in fused CBDs and naphthalenoids, respectively. Thus, our synthetic strate...
Downstaging therapy followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond Milan criteria

Background Orthotopic liver transplantation is a curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma within Milan criteria, but these criteria preclude many patients from transplant candidacy. Recent studies have demonstrated that downstaging therapy can reduce tumor burden to meet conventional criteria. The present study reports a single-center experience with tumor downstaging and its effects on post–orthotopic liver transplantation outcomes. Methods All patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were evaluated by our multidisciplinary liver services team from 2012 to 2016 were identified ( N = 214). Orthotopic liver transplantation candidates presenting outside of Milan criteria at initial radiographic diagnosis and/or an initial alpha-fetoprotein >400 ng/mL were categorized as at high risk for tumor recurrence and post-transplant mortality. Results Of the 214 patients newly diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, 73 (34.1%) eventually underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The majority of patients who did not undergo orthotopic liver transplantation were deceased or lost to follow-up (47.5%), with 14 of 141 (9.9%) currently listed for transplantation. Among transplanted patients, 21 of 73 (28.8%) were considered high-risk candidates. All 21 patients were downstaged to within Milan criteria with an alpha-fetoprotein P > .05 ) at a median follow-up period of 17 months. Downstaged high-risk candidates had a similar overall survival compared with those transplanted within Milan criteria (log-rank P > .05 ). Conclusions In highly selected cases, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma outside of traditional criteria for orthotopic liver transplantation may undergo downstaging therapy in a multidisciplinary fashion with excellent post-transplant outcomes. These data support an aggressive downstaging approach for selected patients who would otherwise be deemed ineligible for transplantation.
Beyond Tissue Stiffness and Bioadhesivity: Advanced Biomaterials to Model Tumor Microenvironments and Drug Resistance

Resistance to chemotherapy and pathway-targeted therapies poses a major problem in cancer research. While the fields of tumor biology and experimental therapeutics have already benefited from ex vivo preclinical tissue models, these models have yet to address the reasons for malignant transformations and the emergence of chemoresistance. With the increasing number of ex vivo models poised to incorporate physiological biophysical properties, along with the advent of genomic sequencing information, there are now unprecedented opportunities to better understand tumorigenesis and to design therapeutic approaches to overcome resistance. Here we discuss that new preclinical ex vivo models should consider – in addition to common biophysical parameters such as matrix stiffness and bioadhesivity – a more comprehensive milieu of tissue signaling, nuclear mechanics, immune response, and the gut microbiome.
The Value of Empty Space for Design

We present a study on a group of people who, upon adopting a new lifestyle movement, have discovered and constructed alternative aspects of space. Drawing on 23 interviews with minimalists and participant observations of their Meetup meetings, we highlight the central role of empty space in their lives at home. Our findings show how empty space for minimalists emerge as a new, hitherto unknown space in the home and the ways minimalists seek to create, maintain, and stay sensitive to these empty spaces. Empty spaces for minimalists signify their achievements, exudes aesthetic appeal, and provide a sanctuary away from city life. We propose new opportunities for design based on our findings of empty space. We suggest that design should consider supporting the practices and values that revolve around the absence of artifacts.
Lenz’s law with aluminum foil and a lengthwise slit

The classic demonstration illustrating Lenz's law by dropping a magnet through a copper pipe is presented using household aluminum foil right out of the box. Then comes the surprise. The teacher presents an aluminum foil cylinder with a missing lengthwise slice (cut before class). Will the demonstration still work? Students are amazed at the result, described in this paper and included in our accompanying video (Ruiz 2018 Video: Lenz's law with aluminum foil http://mjtruiz.com/ped/aluminum/).
Towards constructing the meaning of “aggressive hospitality”

“Aggressive hospitality” is an emergent phenomenon that is yet to be understood in the tourism field. This phenomenon involves social interaction between hosts and guests that imitates a hospitable...
Reminiscing with mothers and others: Autobiographical memory in young two-year-olds.

AbstractThis study investigated effects of maternal elicitation style, repeated recall sessions, and retention interval on 2-year-olds' autobiographical memory. Ten mothers and their children from 24 to 30 months of age verbally recalled the same four events once a week for 4 weeks. Two weeks later, an experimenter interviewed children about the same events as well as about four new events. Half of the events had taken place in the recent past (up to 6 months); the other half were from the remote past (6 to 10 months). Children recalled specific information about events occurring up to 10 months in the past, although they recalled more information about recent events than about remote events. Chil-dren were very much dependent on an adult partner to cue their recall. If specific cues were not provided, children rarely volunteered information. Chil-dren's conversations with their mothers affected their recall with the experi-menter: Children responded to more information requests, produced more offers of information, and recalled more specific information about events they had previously discussed with mothers than when recalling new events with the experimenter. However, children recalled more information with their mothers than with the experimenter, and prior discussions with mothers did not increase the amount of information children recalled with the experimenter. Two mater-nal elicitation styles were identified that were related to differences in children's responsiveness and amount of recall: Children of high elaboration mothers were more responsive and recalled more information than children of low elaboration mothers. (Psychology)
Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Eicosanoid Metabolism of Cells in Culture

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a ubiquitous environmental agent known to produce numerous effects in human skin. These effects Include inflammation, pigmentation, carcinogenesis, local and systemic immune suppression, aging and Vitamin D metabolism. In addition, such radiation can produce cutaneous disease in individuals rendered abnormally photosensitive by the presence of exogenous drugs and chemicals or endogenous substances such as porphyrins. The mechanisms by which such radiation evokes most of these cutaneous photobiological effects have been studied in some detail but the responses remain poorly understood.
Cultural competence: A form of stereotype rationality

Increased diversity within a society inevitably increases interactions between people of different cultural backgrounds. In this chapter, we contend that arguments calling for increased cultural competence are synonymous with calls for increased accuracy in social perception. Evidence that individuals are more accurate in their beliefs about other groups than social psychology has typically given them credit for is reviewed and how to judiciously apply this knowledge is discussed. Potential obstacles to increased cultural competence are also identified, such as intergroup conflict, particularly in the political domain. We conclude with recommendations for promoting cultural competence by encouraging a sensitivity to group and individual differences.
The organization of information, 4th edition

After nearly a decade, the authors have updated their third edition from 2009, the goal of which “remains to enable students, practicing librarians, and others interested in organizing information ...
Michel de Certeau and Resistance to Domination

Michel de Certeau argues in the Practice of Everyday Life that people are not always dominated by the media and that they develop ways to subvert the messages found in media for their own purposes. In this chapter we discuss the work of Roman Jakobson, whose model of the communication process is one of great importance. We see that communication is a complicated process and that the traditional distinction between senders and receivers of mass media has been changed due to the Internet. De Certeau deals with different methods of subversion in his book and concludes with the notion that the mass media do not have as much power to shape people’s beliefs as we might imagine.
Provider perceptions on the management of lupus during pregnancy: barriers to improved care.

BackgroundMore than half of pregnancies in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) result in adverse outcomes for the mother or the fetus. We sought to identify aspects of current rheumatol...
Yersinia pestis Exploits Early Activation of MyD88 for Growth in the Lungs during Pneumonic Plague.

Yersinia pestis causes bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague. Although no longer responsible for pandemic outbreaks, pneumonic plague continues to be a challenge for medical treatment and has been classified as a reemerging disease in some parts of the world. In the early stage of infection, inflammatory responses are believed to be suppressed by Y. pestis virulence factors in order to prevent clearance, while later, the hyperactivation of inflammation contributes to the progression of disease. In this work, we sought to identify the host factors that mediate this process and studied the role of the Toll/interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor adapter and major inflammatory mediator myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in pneumonic plague. We show that pulmonary challenge of Myd88-/- mice with wild-type (WT) Y. pestis results in significant loss of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and KC, in the lungs compared to that in WT mice. Bacterial growth in the lungs occurred more rapidly in the WT mice, however, indicating a role for the MyD88 response in facilitating the primary lung infection. Nevertheless, Myd88-/- mice were more sensitive to lethality from secondary septicemic plague. Together these findings indicate a central role for MyD88 during the biphasic inflammatory response to pulmonary Y. pestis infection. In the early phase, low-level MyD88-dependent chemokine expression limits initial growth but facilitates Y. pestis access to a protected replicative niche. The later hyperinflammatory phase is partially MyD88 dependent and ineffective in the lungs but controls systemic infection and reduces the progression of secondary septicemic plague.
The Challenges of Recruiting and Retaining Dual Language Teachers

Across the United States, the popularity of dual language education (DLE) has grown considerably over the past several decades, but finding qualified bilingual teachers to staff these programs is an ongoing issue for administrators. Using the Guiding Principles for Dual Language Education as a framework, this chapter addresses this urgent issue by exploring dual language teacher recruitment and retention through the experiences and recommendations of teachers and administrators in Connecticut. Findings address participants’ perceptions of teacher recruitment and retention, staff selection, workplace climate, and staff evaluation. Cross-cutting themes include the value of shared responsibility and shared decision-making in addressing this complex issue, the need for creativity and flexibility to increase pathways to certification for dual language teachers, and the importance of positive working conditions.
Progress in testing.

Significant changes in the approach to determining the nonclinical compatibility of medical devices are on the way with the revision of ISO 10993, Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Part 4, Selection of Tests for Interactions with Blood.
A separation theorem for finite-precision digital systems

For models of zero-input direct-form digital filters implemented in fixed-point digital hardware it is known that if saturation arithmetic is used and stability holds when the quantization is ignored, then the amplitude of all limit cycles can be made arbitrarily small by making the bound on the magnitude of the quantization sufficiently small. In that sense the effects of quantization and overflow can be considered separately. Recently, this proposition was extended to the case in which the input need not be zero. Here we give a result to the effect that quantization and overflow can be considered separately for a much more general class of discrete-time systems, and we give as an example an application of this result to systems governed by state equations.
The long-term outcomes and durability of the Cox-Maze IV procedure for atrial fibrillation.

Abstract Objective Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is indicated both in patients with AF undergoing concomitant cardiac surgery and in those who have not responded to medical and/or catheter-based ablation therapy. This study examined our long-term outcomes following the Cox-Maze IV procedure (CMP-IV). Methods Between May 2003 and March 2018, 853 patients underwent either biatrial CMP-IV (n = 765) or a left-sided CMP-IV (n = 88) lesion set with complete isolation of the posterior left atrium. Freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) was assessed for up to 10 years. Rhythm outcomes were compared in multiple subgroups. Predictors of recurrence were determined using Fine–Gray regression, allowing for death as the competing risk. Results The majority of patients (513/853, 60%) had nonparoxysmal AF. Twenty-four percent of patients (201/853) had not responded to at least 1 catheter-based ablation. Prolonged monitoring was used in 76% (647/853) of patients during their follow-up. Freedom from ATA was 92% (552/598), 84% (213/253), and 77% (67/87) at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. By competing risk analysis, incidence of first ATA recurrence was 11%, 23%, and 35% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. On Fine–Gray regression, age, peripheral vascular disease, nonparoxysmal AF, left atrial size, early postoperative ATAs, and absence of sinus rhythm at discharge were the predictors of first ATA recurrence over 10 years of follow-up. Conclusions The CMP-IV had an excellent long-term efficacy at maintaining sinus rhythm. At late follow-up, the results of the CMP-IV remained superior to those reported for catheter ablation and other forms of surgical ablation for AF. Age, left atrial size, and nonparoxysmal AF were the most relevant predictors of late recurrence.
Microplastics in Sea Turtles, Marine Mammals and Humans: A One Environmental Health Perspective

Microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants in the marine environment and a health concern. They are generated directly for commercial purposes or indirectly from the breakdown of larger plastics. Examining a toxicological profile for microplastics is a challenge due to their large variety of physico-chemical properties and toxicological behavior. In addition to their concentration, other parameters such as polymer type, size, shape and color are important to consider in their potential toxicity. Microplastics can adsorb pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or metals on their surface and are likely to contain plastic additives that add to their toxicity. The observations of microplastics in seafood increased concern for potential human exposure. Since literature considering microplastics in humans is scarce, using a One Environmental Health approach can help better inform about potential human exposures. Marine mammals and sea turtles are long-lived sentinel species regularly used for biomonitoring the health status of the ocean and share trophic chain and habitat with humans. This review considers the available research regarding microplastic and plastic fiber exposures in humans, marine mammals and turtles. Overall, across the literature, the concentration of microplastics, size, color, shape and polymer types found in GI tract and feces from sea turtles, marine mammals and humans are similar, showing that they might be exposed to the same microplastics profile. Additionally, even if ingestion is a major route of exposure due to contaminated food and water, dermal and inhalation studies in humans have provided data showing that these exposures are also health concerns and more effort on these routes of exposures is needed. In vitro studies looked at a variety of endpoints showing that microplastics can induce immune response, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, alter membrane integrity and cause differential expression of genes. However, these studies only considered three polymer types and short-term exposures, whereas, due to physiological relevance, prolonged exposures might be more informative.
Rapid gemstone screening and identification using fluorescencespectroscopy

We demonstrate a gemstone screening device based on fluorescence spectroscopy. The device can be used to rapidly separate colorless and near-colorless (D to J color grades) natural diamonds from laboratory grown diamonds and diamond simulants, detect multi-treated pink diamonds, and identify certain colored gemstones, such as corundum, spinel, beryl, and zoisite. The device’s reflection fiber probe enables testing of both loose and mounted gemstones with exposed facet faces that are larger than 0.9 mm. The experimental prototype demonstrates high accuracy for automatic diamond gemstone screening, referring 100% of the laboratory grown diamonds and simulants tested. The pink diamond screening algorithm can detect 100% of pink multi-treated diamonds and laboratory grown diamonds. Finally, the suitability of this device for the fluorescence analysis of corundum, beryl, spinel, zoisite, garnet, and topaz was evaluated.
Why Conflict Between Economic Development and International Social Rights Governance is Inevitable

International organizations mandated to govern social rights are colliding with international organizations mandated to govern economic development. While disagreeing with the nature of fragmentation and conflict across international organizations, legal and social science scholars offer various proposals to unify global governance. Those proposals assume that unification will come naturally. That assumption is wrong. The distinct legal instruments that govern and control international organizations render conflict inevitable and unification improbable. By closely examining the pandemic-related activities carried out by the International Labor Organization, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund in the same 41 countries, the implications of that conflict become clearer. Governments must choose between competing approaches and activities to the detriment of coherence, national policies, and organizational legitimacy. To protect against those perils, international organizations must cooperate on an in-country basis, which would allow them to overcome narrow conflict while respecting their conflicting constitutional mandates.
Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access and Disparities (ORCHiD): methodology for a population-based study of black, Hispanic and white patients with ovarian cancer.

Introduction Less than 40% of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) in the USA receive stage-appropriate guideline-adherent surgery and chemotherapy. Black patients with cancer report greater depression, pain and fatigue than white patients. Lack of access to healthcare likely contributes to low treatment rates and racial differences in outcomes. The Ovarian Cancer Epidemiology, Healthcare Access and Disparities study aims to characterise healthcare access (HCA) across five specific dimensions—Availability, Affordability, Accessibility, Accommodation and Acceptability—among black, Hispanic and white patients with OC, evaluate the impact of HCA on quality of treatment, supportive care and survival, and explore biological mechanisms that may contribute to OC disparities. Methods and analysis We will use the Surveillance Epidemiology and Ends Results dataset linked with Medicare claims data from 9744 patients with OC ages 65 years and older. We will recruit 1641 patients with OC (413 black, 299 Hispanic and 929 white) from cancer registries in nine US states. We will examine HCA dimensions in relation to three main outcomes: (1) receipt of quality, guideline adherent initial treatment and supportive care, (2) quality of life based on patient-reported outcomes and (3) survival. We will obtain saliva and vaginal microbiome samples to examine prognostic biomarkers. We will use hierarchical regression models to estimate the impact of HCA dimensions across patient, neighbourhood, provider and hospital levels, with random effects to account for clustering. Multilevel structural equation models will estimate the total, direct and indirect effects of race on treatment mediated through HCA dimensions. Ethics and dissemination Result dissemination will occur through presentations at national meetings and in collaboration with collaborators, community partners and colleagues across othercancer centres. We will disclose findings to key stakeholders, including scientists, providers and community members. This study has been approved by the Duke Institutional Review Board (Pro00101872). Safety considerations include protection of patient privacy. All disseminated data will be deidentified and summarised.