cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the effect of aluminum metal on poliovirus

Metallic aluminum has been studied for possible use in conjunction with or as an alternative to conventional soluble disinfectants as applied to drinking and wastewater. Acid-washed aluminum was incubated with [35S]methionine-labeled poliovirus type 1 (LSc) and the counts per min (cpm)/plaque-forming units (pfu) ratio was determined. After 2 h, only 0.013% of the cpm remained in solution, indicating viral adsorption onto the surface of the aluminum. After 76 h, 93% of the cpm returned to solution, while infectivity dropped from 2.2×107 pfu/ml to undetectable levels. This suggests that infectious viruses were adsorbed onto the aluminum surface and released from the surface of the aluminum as non-infectious particles. Analysis by electron microscopy, cesium chloride gradient and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicates that either dissociation or destruction of the viral capsid proteins occurs during incubation with aluminum, which results in viral inactivation.
Consolidation of Blended Titanium/Magnesium Powders by Microwave Processing

Mg-Ti alloys are attractive for structural applications because of low density and improved corrosion resistance by selective oxidation including hydrogen storage and switchable mirror applications. Titanium has a melting point (1670°C) that greatly exceeds the boiling point of magnesium (1090°C) and therefore, alloying of Mg and Ti by conventional methods is extremely difficult. Secondly, the solubility of Ti in liquid Mg is very low and it is difficult to extend solubility by rapid solidification. Physical vapor deposition by electron beam deposition and magnetron co-sputtering has been used to extend the solubility of Ti in Mg. Mechanical alloying and anvil-cell processing at extreme temperatures and pressures have also used to enforce alloying of Mg with Ti. The present paper deals with the consolidation of blended magnesium-titanium powders by microwave heating, an approach that appears highly cost effective.
A decision model to choose between software maintenance and software redevelopment

Studies show that the maintenance stage of the software life cycle consumes a large proportion of software development resources. They also show that the maintenance cost of a software product increases with age and that it costs less to maintain the redeveloped software product. Thus, it may be worthwhile to redevelop software to reduce the maintenance costs but the redevelopment costs may prohibit this. This paper discusses the nature and behaviour of software maintenance costs and software development costs. In order to minimize the sum of maintenance and development costs for a software product, it recommends and illustrates the use of replacement theory. The replacement model suggested in this paper will be useful for choosing between redeveloping the software and maintaining the existing software. This paper provides a worked example consistent with replacement theory. Since capital is in short supply, replacement projects have to vie with new software and maintenance projects for funding. This paper also describes building a software project portfolio of new software development, software maintenance, and software redevelopment projects.
Lessons learned from a school for stroke recovery.

AbstractThis article reports the findings of a multiple case study tracing the long-term (3–10 years post event) recovery patterns of 8 stroke survivors who had participated in an unusually enriched recovery environment for at least 2 years. Data sources included extended interviews as well as archival records from that period. Shared aspects across cases included the following: (a) the singular importance of this social educational environment to their respective recoveries, (b) extended grief and new anxiety problems co-occurring with recovery during the first years, and (c) shared temporal patterns of recovery trajectory, including the multi-year duration of functional improvement. Findings are discussed within the context of recent research in mental health, adult education, and neuroscience. Recovery models that embrace the dynamic interplay of real-life environments, events, and goals situated in an individualized yet social context suggest the potential for an integrated recovery paradigm within th...
Osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients

Summary Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease and is a result of balance disorders in the process of bone rebuilding, where cell mechanisms responsible for bone resorption dominate over the mechanisms that build the bone. Osteoporosis and osteopenia is noticeable metabolic complication in HIV-infected patients. Pathogenesis of bone mass decrease is complex.
Iodine metabolism: preferential renal excretion of iodide derived from triiodothyronine deiodination.

Measurements were made in rats of the relative rates of accumulation in urine or in the thyroid of radioactive iodide derived from simultaneous injections of 131 I-labeled triiodothyronine and 125 I-labeled iodide. The data indicate that deiodination of triiodothyronine by the kidney results in a loss into the urine of iodine which does not enter the general body iodide pool. This renal "iodide leak" should be considered in kinetic models of iodine metabolism.
Multiple cholesterol emboli syndrome. Bowel infarction after retrograde angiography.

• The two patients described In this article are among the first to have been diagnosed with extensive bowel infarction as a result of cholesterol embolization following cardiac catheterization. The presence of acute hypertension, renal insufficiency, livedo reticularis, and gangrenous skin changes are characteristic manifestations of the multiple cholesterol emboli syndrome. Additionally, gastrointestinal symptoms and melena may herald ischemia and Infarction of the alimentary tract. Anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy are relatively contraindicated In this syndrome and may, In fact, be a precipitating cause. The prognosis is usually poor; however, survival is possible with aggressive medical and surgical therapy, despite extensive infarction of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Prevention remains the most critical aspect of management of this potentially catastrophic illness. ( Arch Intern Med . 1989;149:2371-2374)
Proteolysis of histidine-rich glycoprotein in plasma and in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy

Plasmin and kallikrein but not thrombin cleave purified histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), and heparin binding inhibits the proteolysis of HRG. To assess the proteolysis of HRG in plasma, immunoaffinity chromatography was used to isolate HRG from human plasma samples and the extent of protein cleavage was determined after electrophoresis under reduced, denaturing conditions. In blood drawn into streptokinase or into urokinase, HRG (78 kDa) was degraded producing peptides ranging in apparent molecular weight from 67 to 9 kDa. In patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy almost no intact HRG remains after 30 minutes, but the levels of circulating HRG are unchanged, indicating that cleaved HRG is not quickly or extensively removed from the circulation.
Vibrational Analysis of a Chemisorbed Polyatomic Molecule: Methoxy on Cu(100)

Infrared reflection absorption spectra were obtained from 900 to 3000 cm-1 for five C3v symmetry isotopomers of methoxy: H312C16O, H313C16O, H312C18O, D312C16O, D313C16O; and two Cs symmetry isotopomers: DH212C16O, and HD212C16O. Measured frequencies of the five C3v isotopomers were used to derive an empirical valence force field based on a C3v symmetry H3COCu3 model. Without further adjustment, this force field was used to calculate the harmonic frequencies of the two Cs symmetry isotopomers which were found to be in good agreement with the experimental frequencies. Comparison of a Cs symmetry H3COCu12 model with an adsorption site structure that accurately models the experimentally determined geometry, as well as with a C3v symmetry H3COCu model, shows that the internal vibrations of the methoxy unit are relatively insensitive to the adsorption site. Among other advantages, an accurate description of the normal modes of this molecule provides a quantitative understanding of the unusual intensity patte...
Long-term course of pain in breast cancer survivors: a 4-year longitudinal study

After successful treatment of early breast cancer, many women still report pain symptoms, and attribute them to the previous illness or its treatment. However, knowledge about the long-term course of pain in breast cancer is limited. Baseline assessment included 3,088 women who received a breast cancer diagnosis on average 2 years prior to enrollment, and who completed typical medical treatments. After 4 years, a subsample of 2,160 recurrence-free women (70%) was re-assessed. The major outcome variable was the composite index for general pain symptoms. Over the 4-year course, a slight but significant increase in pain was reported. If only medical variables were examined, a triple interaction between surgery type, breast cancer stage, and time indicated that pain scores increased in most subgroups, while they decreased in stage II women after mastectomy and stage III women after lumpectomy. Using a regression analytical approach, psychological and other variables added significantly to the prediction of pain persistence. Regression analysis revealed that pain symptoms increased in those women taking tamoxifen at baseline, in those reporting depression at baseline or stressful life events during the first 12 months after enrollment. Exercise at baseline had a beneficial effect on pain recovery. The persistence or increase of pain symptoms in women surviving breast cancer is associated with some medical factors (surgery type, tamoxifen use), but also with psychological factors. Pain should be a standard outcome variable in the evaluation of cancer treatment programs.
BOOTH, TRUDIE MARIA. La Langue française à travers les siècles. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2012. Pp. vii, 90. $24.99, paper. ISBN 978–0–7618–5766–2. eISBN 978–0–7618–5767–9.

The article reviews the book "La Langue francaise a travers les siecles" by Trudie Maria Booth.
Yoke hypospadias repair

A new one-stage operation for correction of the more severe degrees of proximal hypospadias is described. This allows for the correction of chordee and maintains a dual vascular supply to the urethral flap derived from periurethral and pedicle blood vessels. This technique allows for correction of chordee and urethroplasty, and avoids the need for combination or staged repairs.
Long-lifetime Martian orbit selection using a time-dependent model of the Martian atmosphere

A mathematical model of the time-dependent Martian atmosphere has been developed in order to accurately calculate the effects of aerodynamic drag on a low altitude satellite. The time-dependent properties of the model include solar activity effects, dust storm effects, seasonal and diurnal variations, and annual motion effects. Position effects are accounted for through Martian latitude and longitude. Expected values of mass density, temperature, scale height, and the estimated standard deviation of the mass density are provided. An example of the use of the model in selecting an orbit for the Mars Geochemical/Climatology Orbiter is given.
A note on the drag for fluids of grade three

An expression is obtained for the traction vector t on a solid surface which is adjacent to an incompressible fluid of grade three which is compatible with thermodynamics. It is found that unlike fluids of grade two wherein there is no additional drag due to the non-Newtonian nature of the fluid for bodies with certain geometric symmetries (e.g. sphere), fluids of grade three provide an additional drag which is of the same sign as that provided by the viscous terms, provided certain symmetry conditions are met by the velocity field.
The German-American Pharmaceutical Business Establishment in the New York Metropolitan Region

Between World War 1 and World War 2, the New York metropolitan region became the main region for the production of organic synthetic pharmaceuticals in the United States. The leaders in this area of specialization were subsidiaries of foreign—mostly German—companies which had established distribution networks in the 19th century and had begun manufacturing pharmaceuticals in the region at the turn of the century. By looking back to the mid-19th century, the author analyzes the relationships between the German professional and business immigrant community in New York (among them the Forty-Eighters), the development of the New York hinterland, and the success of the German-American pharmaceutical business establishment, in an effort to discern one possible explanation of the concentration of the pharmaceutical industry in New York metropolitan region.
Domino effect of hypomagnesemia on the innate immunity of Crohn's disease patients.

Digestive diseases play major role in development and complications of other disorders including diabetes. For example, Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. The inflammation is a complex process that involves the activity of both innate and adaptive immune responses. CD lesions are primarily due to T cell response, however; innate immune response has a significant role in initiating its pathogenesis. Toll-like receptors and NOD-like receptors promote the activity of nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway for cytokines production. This results in the production of high levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Moreover, intestinal inflammation of CD is related to increased activity of NMDA receptors and the release of substance P. Imbalanced magnesium homeostasis in CD is a frequent finding in CD, Diabetes and others. The loss of such a major mineral affects many physiological processes in the body including its role as an immunomodulator. This review aims to (1) describe the significance of hypomagnesemia in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in CD; (2) demonstrate effects of magnesium on pathways like NF-κB; (3) address the role of hypomagnesemia in the activity of CD; and (4) examine possible future research to establish a standard magnesium supplementation strategy; helping patients with CD or other disorders to maintain a sustained remission.
Degradation of moist soil aggregates by rapid temperature rise under low intensity fire

Soil structure degradation by fire is usually attributed to qualitative and quantitative change of organic and inorganic binding agents, especially in high severity burns (>300 °C) that last for prolonged periods (> 1 hour). In contrast, controlled burns are typically managed to be low in intensity and severity. Such burns are considered benign to soil structural stability because organic matter and inorganic binding agents (e.g., gypsum) are relatively stable at such low temperatures. Recent observations at a controlled burn site in the eastern Great Basin (Nevada) showed soil aggregate breakdown found in shrub canopies where soil temperatures briefly exceeded 300 °C as well as interspaces between shrubs, where the temperatures were likely lower than beneath shrubs because of less surface biomass. These alterations cannot be explained in terms of thermal alteration of binding agents. This study was designed to test whether pressure created by rapidly vaporized pore water can cause aggregate breakdown. We subjected three different sizes of aggregates (0.25–1, 1–2 and 2–4 mm) of soils derived from the eastern Great Basin burn site as well as from a forest and urban garden in California to rapid and slow (3 °C/min) heating rates. These treatments were conducted at 5 peak temperatures (75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 °C). Post-burn water stability of the aggregates showed that rapid heating rate caused more pronounced degradation of aggregate stability than slow heating. Moreover, the heating-rate dependent structural degradation increased with peak temperature. For the majority of the aggregates, the effect also increased with initial water content. In all the soils tested, there was no preferential loss of organic matter in the rapid-heating treatment that can explain the observed enhanced breakdown of aggregates. Our observations indicate that soil structural degradation under low-intensity fire occurs as a result of mechanical stresses extorted by rapidly escaping steam from soil pores under rapid heating rate.
Continuous Scavenging System for Hydrogen-Cooled Generators

This paper describes a new method for the operation of the hydrogen system of hydrogen-cooled generators which permits the use of untreated oil for supplying the shaft seals, thereby eliminating the need for the vacuum treating equipment formerly supplied with these generators. The new method provides for the removal of most of the air and moisture brought into the generator through the shaft seals by a system of continuous scavenging, through which the purity and relative humidity of the hydrogen in the generator are maintained at substantially the same values as are obtained with the vacuum treating system, and with a hydrogen consumption not significantly greater. Operating experience over a 4-year period with 24 generators of small and medium size, has demonstrated the reliability of the new system, and this system now is being applied quite generally to generators in all sizes except the very largest.
Breakdown versus efficiency — your perspective matters

Abstract The conflict between high breakdown and efficiency needs to be interpreted with care and understood in connection with the versatility of both concepts in statistical estimation.
Representable reference density matrices applied to the graphical description of the Coulomb hole in the 1s2(2p)21S state of the B+ ion

Representable reference density matrices are applied to the graphical description of the Coulomb hole in a CI wave function for the first excited 1S state of the four-electron boron ion B+. It is found that a satisfactory picture of the Coulomb hole emerges only when the symmetry of the correlated wave function is recognized in the construction of the reference full-density matrix.
A Method for Calculating m/e 's of Peaks from Time-of-Flight Mass Spectra

Users of time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometers are frequently plagued with problems in determining the m/e's of peaks in the spectrum. The problems become especially difficult when there are regions in the spectrum where there are few m/e's to assist in the counting One method suggested to assist in the m/e determination uses perfluoroalkyl-s- triazines as mass calibration standards to provide internal reference peaks. However, use of these internal calibration standards sometimes masks the intensities of ions of interest and interpolation or extrapolation is often required on a nonlinear record chart to make the determination.
The Distribution of Mexican American Women in School Organizations

This study reports of the distribution of Mexican American women in public school organizations. It is seen that Mexican American women's ascribed characteristics are used as the basis for placing them in certain teaching and administrative positions. As teachers they are placed with predominantly Hispanic students and in areas such as Spanish, bilingual education, and physical education. In administration they are placed in special projects where they normally deal with their ethnic group. Those Mexican American women who obtain elementary principalships are located in Hispanic schools. Their careers consist of "straightening out" problem schools. In both of these cases, ascription is prominent, achievement is related to containing their ethnic group, and sponsorship is absent. There are some rare individuals who, in spite of the institutional barriers, obtain secondary school principalships and central office positions. The discriminatory practices that lead to the skewed distribution of Mexican America...
Reaction of tricarbonyl(η6-cycloheptatrienyl)manganese with zinc-copper coupling reagents

Abstract Reaction of zinc-copper coupling reagents with tricarbonyl(η 6 -cycloheptatrienyl)manganese hexafluorophosphate provides (6- exo -substituted-η 5 -cycloheptadienyl)manganese complexes in 48–78% yield. Attempts to alkylate tricarbonyl(η 6 -benzene)manganese cations under similar reactions conditions failed.
Rescue Bypass for Revascularization After Ischemic Complications in the Treatment of Giant or Complex Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background Surgical trapping or endovascular deconstruction commonly is used for the treatment of giant or complex intracranial aneurysms. Preoperative balloon test occlusion and cerebral blood flow studies and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring can indicate whether sufficient collateralization exists or whether revascularization is needed. Hemodynamic insufficiency can occur, however, despite passing these tests, necessitating posttreatment revascularization. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical or endovascular parent vessel occlusion for the management of giant or complex intracranial aneurysms and subsequently required rescue bypass for symptoms of hemodynamic insufficiency. Pre- and postrevascularization functional status was measured with the modified Rankin Scale. Results During a 15-year period from 1997 to 2012, a rescue bypass was performed in 5 patients each harboring a giant or complex intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm that was treated with surgical trapping or endovascular deconstruction in a previous procedure. All bypasses were extracranial-to-intracranial and included cervical ICA to middle cerebral artery, subclavian to middle cerebral artery, and cervical ICA to supraclinoid ICA anastomoses via either a saphenous vein or radial artery graft. Functional outcome at time of last follow-up was improved in each patient (improvement in modified Rankin Scale of 1–3 points). Conclusions Ischemic complications must always be anticipated in the treatment of giant or complex intracranial aneurysms, even if pre- and intraoperative blood flow studies indicate sufficient collateralization. Here we show that extracranial-to-intracranial bypass is an effective option to rescue unanticipated hemodynamic insufficiency after parent vessel occlusion. This study emphasizes the need for cerebrovascular surgeons to maintain proficiency in complex bypass techniques.
Dirac monopole theory with and without strings

It is shown that in Dirac's formulation of the quantum-mechanical interaction of a magnetic monopole and an electric charge the singular string he attached to the monopole can be moved arbitrarily by an acceptable gauge transformation, and hence is not physically observable, and that this formulation of the theory is equivalent to the recent formulation of Wu and Yang in which the use of potentials with strings is avoided.
A model for inhibition of thermal transport in laser produced plasmas

We show that the thermal transport in laser produced plasmas can be inhibited due to the outward plasma blow-off which is in the opposite direction to the inward heat transport. A simple model is proposed in which the steady state heat transfer equation, including the convective term for a point heat source, is solved. A simple analytical expression for the ratio of effective to classical conductivity depending on the blow-off velocity is obtained. With this model, present experimental data on thermal transport can be qualitatively, but consistently described.
Rivulet flow of a viscoelastic liquid

Abstract A theoretical investigation is made of the rivulet flow of a viscoelastic liquid down an inclined plane. It is shown that elasticity causes a significant change in the shape of the rivulet, with height rise at the center. There is also a change in the relationship between the flow rate and the geometry of the rivulet. Elasticity is found to cause a flow in the cross-sectional plane in the form of counter-rotating vortices. In the Newtonian case the flow is purely axial.
Race, Ethnicity, And The Education Gradient In Health

Using pooled data from the 2000-2006 National Health Interview Survey, we document how the relationship between education and a broad range of health measures varies by race/ethnicity and nativity. We found that education is a more powerful determinant of health behaviors and outcomes for some groups than it is for others. In addition, the education differentials for foreign-born groups are typically more modest than those for corresponding native-born populations. We also show how the education-health relationship varies across Hispanic and Asian subgroups. We argue that any intervention for eliminating health disparities must take these patterns into account.
Separation of metal ions by capillary electrophoresis with a complexing electrolyte

Abstract Excellent separations of metal ions can be obtained very quickly by capillary electrophoresis provided a weak completing reagent is incorporated into the electrolyte to alter the effective mobilities of the sample ions. Indirect photometric detection is possible by also adding a UV-sensitive ion to the electrolyte. Separations are described using phthalate, tartrate, lactate or hydroxyisobutyrate as the complexing reagent. A separation of twenty-seven metal ions was achieved in only 6 min using a lactate system. A mechanism for the separation of lanthanides is proposed for the hydroxyisobutyrate system.
Kinetics and dynamics of nifedipine after oral and sublingual doses

Nifedipine is frequently administered by the sublingual route to provide rapid onset of intense effect, especially in patients in whom urgent reduction of elevated blood pressure is indicated. Previously available data, however, suggest that peak levels of nifedipine are higher and occur earlier when the drug is administered orally. Results of pharmacodynamic studies show that maximal hypotensive effects occur between 30 and 60 minutes after administration by either route, but that such effects are often achieved earlier when the drug is given orally. Recent work implies that the absorption of nifedipine through the buccal mucosa is poor, if it occurs at all, and that the appearance of nifedipine in plasma requires delivery of the drug to the stomach for active absorption. The small time lag in absorption that may be attributed to the dissolution of the nifedipine capsule may be obviated by biting through the capsule and swallowing the contents; this bite-and-swallow approach to dosing provides the most rapid rise in plasma nifedipine concentrations, and produces peak levels well above those achieved with sublingual administration.
Acute Exposure to CNTFin VivoInduces Multiple Components of Reactive Gliosis

Abstract CNS trauma or disease induces a constellation of changes in the glia comprising the condition known as reactive gliosis. At present, little is known regarding the nature of the injury signals and the specific consequences of their actions. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) induces acute phase proteins in liver and increases astrocytic glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) bothin vitroandin vivo.The purpose of the present study was to establish whether CNTF induces other aspects of gliosis. Between 10 and 72 h after 100 ng of recombinant human CNTF was administered into the adult rat neocortex, alterations were observed in a region extending several millimeters in circumference from the injection site. Microglia in this region were more apparent and astrocytes were hypertrophic. Byin situhybridization, mRNAs for GFAP, vimentin, and clusterin were upregulated when compared to the control hemisphere (which received heat-inactivated CNTF). By immunocytochemistry, GFAP, vimentin, glutathione-S-transferase μ, S-100, and OX-42 were elevated by 48 h. By contrast, the oligodendroglial marker GST Yp, the neuronal markers MAP-2 and NSE, the intermediate filament nestin, and the stress protein αB-crystallin were unchanged. In addition, a greater than twofold increase in the number of proliferating cells was observed. Since CNTF induces swelling and multiple “gliotic” genes in astrocytes, increases microglial number, and stimulates cell proliferation, we conclude that CNTF is sufficient to induce multiple aspects of gliosis. These data are consistent with a model whereby CNTF (which is synthesized by astrocytes) would be released when the integrity of the astrocyte membrane is compromised, whereupon it would elicit an inflammatory response.
Attributional Confidence and Uncertainty in Initial Interaction

Attributional confidence, either in retroactive explanations of behavior or in proactive predictions of behavior, is discussed as a way of operationalizing uncertainty. Instruments for assessing attributional confidence either through the proactive mode or through the retroactive mode are constructed, and reliability and validity evidence are presented. Hypotheses derived from the axioms of uncertainty reduction theory are tested. Attributional confidence may be one way of making the nominal construct of uncertainty subject to direct testing.
Organic sonochemistry. Ultrasound promoted coupling of chlorosilanes in the presence of lithium wire

Abstract Triorganometal chlorides, R 3 MCl (R = alkyl, aryl, M = Si, Sn) are readily coupled to form bimetallics in 42–95% yields using Li wire and ultrasound. Dihalosilanes give good yields of cyclic polysilanes.
Temporal integration of tone glides by children with auditory-memory and reading problems.

Temporal auditory integration for short-duration, frequency-varying signals was examined in children with deficits in auditory memory and reading. Signals were similar to those previously used: a fixed-frequency tone, a tone glide rising in frequency, and a tone glide falling in frequency. No significant differences were found between the Experimental and Control groups' thresholds as a function of signal class (i.e., fixed-frequency or tone glide) or duration. In addition, a significant asymmetry in the thresholds of short-duration rising and falling tone glides was found for both groups. Falling tone glides were detected at higher intensities than were rising tone glides. Data from this study indicated this particular group of children with auditory memory and reading problems was able to detect simple and complex short-duration signals in a manner similar to normal children.
Asymptotic behavior of positive solution branches of elliptic problems with linear part at resonance

We consider Dirichlet problems for semilinear elliptic equations whose linear part is at resonance. For various types of nonlinearities we provide sufficient conditions for the solvability of these problems for certain types of forcing terms. Depending upon the dimension of the independent variable and the shape of the domain, we obtain multiple existence results and show that in some cases infinitely many solutions may exist.
Identifying proteins that can form tyrosine-cysteine crosslinks

Protein cofactors represent a unique class of redox active posttranslational protein modifications formed in or by metalloproteins. Once formed, protein cofactors provide a one-electron oxidant, which is tethered to the protein backbone. Twenty-five proteins are known to contain protein cofactors, but this number is likely limited by the use of crystallography as the identification technique. In order to address this limitation, a search of all reported protein structures for chemical environments conducive to forming a protein cofactor through tyrosine and cysteine side chain crosslinking yielded three hundred candidate proteins. Using hydrogen bonding and metal center proximity, the three hundred proteins were narrowed to four highly viable candidates. An orphan metalloprotein (BF4112) was examined to validate this methodology, which identifies proteins capable of crosslinking tyrosine and cysteine sidechains. A tyrosine-cysteine crosslink was formed in BF4112 using copper-dioxygen chemistry, as in galactose oxidase. Liquid chromatography-MALDI mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy confirmed tyrosine-cysteine crosslink formation in BF4112. This finding demonstrates the efficacy of these predictive methods and the minimal constraints, provided by the BF4112 protein structure, in tyrosine-cysteine crosslink formation. This search method, when coupled with physiological evidence for crosslink formation and function as a cofactor, could identify additional protein-derived cofactors.
How Libido Theory Shaped Technique (1911-1915)

Freud's papers on technique were written at a time when he could express supreme confidence in the psychoanalytic process, based on his theory of libido. Freud was far less sanguine about the practices of many contemporary analysts; consequently the papers contain far more don't's than do's. From the vantage point of today, these papers portray a transitional stage in psychoanalysis, an age of innocence, in comparison to the complexities of our current view of the interaction between analyst and analysand.
ACCUMULATION, RELEASE, AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENZO[A]PYRENEC14 IN THE CLAM RANGIA CUNEATA

ABSTRACT Groups of estuarine clams, Rangia cuneata, were exposed for 24 hours to synthetic seawater containing in solution 0.0305 ppm benzo[a] pyrene-C14. In two experimental exposures, average total concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) in the clam tissues were 7.2 ppm and 5.7 ppm, approximately 200 times above the ambient level. The majority of the radioactivity was localized in the viscera which contains the digestive system, gonads, and heart. The other tissues analyzed, the mantle, gills, adductor muscle, and foot, each contained 3–16% of the radioactivity. When returned to isotope-free seawater, the clams immediately began to release the accumulated BAP. After 30 days only 0.07 ppm BAP remained in the tissues. BAP could not be detected (limits of detection, 0.01 ppm) in clams maintained in isotope-free seawater for 58 days. During depuration, the distribution of radioactivity in the tissues remained relatively constant. The viscera contained most of the activity at all sampling times.
Establishing Consensus Turbulence Statistics for Hot Subsonic Jets

Many tasks in fluids engineering require knowledge of the turbulence in jets. There is a strong, although fragmented, literature base for low order statistics, such as jet spread and other meanvelocity field characteristics. Some sources, particularly for low speed cold jets, also provide turbulence intensities that are required for validating Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) codes. There are far fewer sources for jet spectra and for space-time correlations of turbulent velocity required for aeroacoustics applications, although there have been many singular publications with various unique statistics, such as Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, designed to uncover an underlying low-order dynamical description of turbulent jet flow. As the complexity of the statistic increases, the number of flows for which the data has been categorized and assembled decreases, making it difficult to systematically validate prediction codes that require high-level statistics over a broad range of jet flow conditions. For several years, researchers at NASA have worked on developing and validating jet noise prediction codes. One such class of codes, loosely called CFD-based or statistical methods, uses RANS CFD to predict jet mean and turbulent intensities in velocity and temperature. These flow quantities serve as the input to the acoustic source models and flow-sound interaction calculations that yield predictions of far-field jet noise. To develop this capability, a catalog of turbulent jet flows has been created with statistics ranging from mean velocity to space-time correlations of Reynolds stresses. The present document aims to document this catalog and to assess the accuracies of the data, e.g. establish uncertainties for the data. This paper covers the following five tasks: Document acquisition and processing procedures used to create the particle image velocimetry (PIV) datasets. Compare PIV data with hotwire and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) data published in the open literature. Compare different datasets acquired at roughly the same flow conditions to establish uncertainties. Create a consensus dataset for a range of hot jet flows, including uncertainty bands. Analyze this consensus dataset for self-consistency and compare jet characteristics to those of the open literature. One final objective fulfilled by this work was the demonstration of a universal scaling for the jet flow fields, at least within the region of interest to aeroacoustics. The potential core length and the spread rate of the half-velocity radius were used to collapse of the mean and turbulent velocity fields over the first 20 jet diameters in a highly satisfying manner.
Mutational analysis of vaccinia DNA ligase defines residues essential for covalent catalysis.

Abstract DNA ligation entails AMP transfer from ATP to the 5′ end of DNA to form a DNA-adenylate structure, A(5′)pp(5′)N. A similar reaction involving GMP transfer occurs during 5′ capping of eukaryotic mRNA. In both cases, nucleotidyl transfer occurs through a covalent lysyl-NMP intermediate. There is local sequence conservation among ligases and capping enzymes in the vicinity of the active site lysine (KxDG) and at three other collinear motifs. The role of these motifs in DNA ligation was tested by mutating individual conserved residues in the vaccinia virus DNA ligase. Wild-type and mutated versions of vaccinia ligase were expressed in bacteria as His-tagged fusion proteins and purified by Ni-affinity and phosphocellulose chromatography steps. We found that Ala substitution for Lys-231 (the presumptive active site) abrogated enzyme-adenylate formation and DNA ligation activities. Ala mutations at conserved residues Glu-283, Glu-377, and Lys-397 also resulted in loss of ligation activity, which correlated with a defect in ligase AMP formation. These results are concordant with mutational studies of yeast RNA capping enzyme and suggest a common structural basis for covalent nucleotidyl transfer.
Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration

It has been only 15 years since studies began on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fission and fusion using simple model organisms such as Drosophila, yeast, and Caenorhabditis elegans. Beyond the primary functions of mitochondrial fission and fusion in controlling organelle shape, size, and number, it became clear that these dynamic processes are also critical to regulating cell death, mitophagy, and organelle distribution. Now, studies suggest that prominent changes occur in mitochondrial dynamics in a broad array of neurodegenerative diseases, and there is substantial evidence suggesting a key role in disease pathogenesis because neurons are among the most energy-consuming cell types and have a highly developed cell shape. Here, we review the recent findings on mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration.
The fetal thorax: Noncardiac chest anomalies

Fetal thoracic anomalies often lead to pulmonary hypoplasia with subsequent fetal or neonatal demise. Therefore, in utero sonographic identification of these anomalies is important. Unlike cardiac anomalies, most noncardiac thoracic abnormalities are easily detected with ultrasound. An unusually small thorax is usually obvious to the experienced sonographer, and thoracic masses are commonly observed on the routinely obtained four-chamber view of the heart. This article reviews the many causes of pulmonary hypoplasia with an emphasis placed on thoracic masses. Many examples of pathological fetal thoracic conditions are provided as well as a listing of differential considerations with regard to sonographic appearances of chest masses.
C-quence: A tool for analyzing qualitative sequential data

C-quence is a software application that matches sequential patterns of qualitative data specified by the user and calculates the rate of occurrence of these patterns in a data set. Although it was designed to facilitate analyses of face-to-face interaction, it is applicable to any data set involving categorical data and sequential information. C-quence queries are constructed using a graphical user interface. The program does not limit the complexity of the sequential patterns specified by the user.
Infrared spectra of related dipeptides.

Abstract The infrared spectra of a series of glycine dipeptides, a series of tryptophan dipeptides and of l -leucine, l -alanine dipeptides were determined. Assignments of certain absorption bands were related to the amide linkage and to the amino and carboxyl end groups which are possessed in common by all dipeptides except for those of proline and hydroxyproline. While dipeptides containing glycine gave no typical pattern, those containing tryptophan showed a distinctive pattern in the 1068–1156 cm −1 region. Examination of the 1500–1700 cm −1 region, for peptides thus far studied, indicates that infrared spectra can give information about their sequence. In the few instances in which paired dipeptides showed the same number of absorption band in this region, they could be readily differentiated by differences in the 1340–1400 cm −1 region. This study suggests that specific infrared band patterns may exist for other dipeptides which contain a common amino acid residue other than tryptophan.
Radiation Therapy Compared With Pelvic Node Resection for Node-Positive Vulvar Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVES:To report long-term survival and toxicity of radiation compared with pelvic node resection for patients with groin node–positive vulvar cancer.METHODS:A Gynecologic Oncology Group protocol enrolled 114 patients randomly allocated to postoperative pelvic and groin radiation (45–50 Gy, n=59
Photon-distribution effects on the dynamics of two nonidentical two-level atoms

The phenomenon of collapse and revival of the atomic coherence of two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode quantized radiation field in the binomial state is studied theoretically. It is shown that the dynamics of the atomic system is quite sensitive to the ratio of the two transition dipole moments as well as to the photon statistics of the field.
Numbers and percent of T lymphocytes in bovine peripheral blood during the periparturient period.

Abstract To determine if periparturient immunosuppression in dairy cattle might be due to an alteration in total numbers or percent of T lymphocytes, we examined the numbers and percent of T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from periparturient dairy cows, some of which received recombinant bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rbG-CSF) during the study. Beginning 2 weeks prepartum through 4 weeks postpartum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected and labeled with monoclonal antibodies to BoCD5, BoCD4, and BoCD8, and the percent of cells positive for each marker measured by flow cytometry. The percent of PBMC expressing BoCD5 (total T cells), and BoCD8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic cells) was not significantly different between the groups, or at different times before and after calving. The percent of PBMC expressing BoCD4 (T helper cells) was not significantly different between the groups, however, within both groups there was a higher percent of BoCD4+ cells after calving than during the prepartum period. In cows receiving rbG-CSF, total numbers of PBMC were significantly increased compared to controls during the postpartum treatment period.
Characteristics of the early effect of prolactin on lactose biosynthesis in mouse mammary gland explants.

These studies were camed out to characterize the early effect of prolactin (PRL) on lactose biosynthesis in cultured mammary gland explants derived from 12- to 14-day pregnant mice. The rate of lactose biosynthesis was assessed by the rate of radiolabeled glucose incorpora- tion into lactose. For the rapid isolation of lactose, a new method which involves the use of thin-layer chromatography on cellulose-impregnated plastic sheets was employed. The onset of the PRL stimulation of (3H)glucose incorporation into lactose occurred 6-8 hr after exposing the explants to PRL. The response to PRL was essentially all or none with maximum responses occumng with PRL concentrations above 25 ng/ml. The lowest stimulatory concentration of PRL was 10 ng/ml. The action of PRL on lactose biosynthesis requires both ongoing RNA and protein synthesis since puromycin, cyclohexamide, and actinomycin D abolished the PRL effect. 0 1988 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Lactose is a disaccharide which is unique
Transcriptional activity of c-Jun is critical for the suppression of AR function

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling plays a pivotal role in growth and survival of prostate cancer cells. c-Jun is an important member of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) family and was shown to interact with AR. However, the role of c-Jun in AR signaling remains controversial, with being a coactivator or a corepressor reported. Here, utilizing multiple approaches, we show that c-Jun efficiently inhibits AR activity and the growth of prostate cancer cells. Overexpression of c-Jun inhibits not only the activities of various androgen-responsive promoters but also the transcripts of multiple AR target genes. Interestingly, long-term c-Jun overexpression also down-regulates AR expression at both the protein and mRNA levels. Molecular analysis suggests that c-Jun inhibits AR transactivation potential via an unknown target gene. The inhibition of AR by c-Jun occurs in both hormone naive and castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Our results unravel a novel mechanism by which c-Jun antagonizes the AR signaling.
Conditional discrimination in the squirrel monkey

Four squirrel monkeys were trained to 90% criterion on a simple discrimination problem, a two-object conditional discrimination problem, and a one-odd conditional discrimination problem. Significant inter-problem improvement was seen on the one-odd task. Detailed analyses of the data suggested that parts of the conditional discrimination problems were learned separately rather than some overall concept of the reward contingencies.
Equiconvergence of spectral decompositions of Hill operators

We study in various functional spaces the equiconvergence of spectral decompositions of the Hill operator L = −d2/dx2 + v(x), x ∈ L1([0, π], with Hper−1-potential and the free operator L0 = −d2/dx2, subject to periodic, antiperiodic or Dirichlet boundary conditions. In particular, we prove that $$\left\| {S_N - S_N^0 :L^a \to L^b } \right\| \to 0if1 < a \leqslant b < \infty ,1/a - 1/b < 1/2,$$ , where SN and SN0 are the N-th partial sums of the spectral decompositions of L and L0. Moreover, if v ∈ H−α with 1/2 < α < 1 and \(\frac{1} {a} = \frac{3} {2} - \alpha \), then we obtain the uniform equiconvergence ‖SN−SN0: La → L∞‖ → 0 as N → ∞.
Theory of Adsorption by Activated Carbon. III. Effects of Equalization Tanks on Time-Dependent Feeds

Abstract Operation of a flow equalization tank and activated carbon column in series was simulated by computer. The flow equalization tank smooths out concentration and flow rate variations in strongly time-dependent feeds; this results in the reduction or elimination of breakthrough of solute in the column effluent due to shock loadings. The effects of various concentration and flow rate pulses on column performance were examined with flow equalization tanks of various sizes. Use of a flow equalization tank is compared with increasing the length of the carbon column.
In vitro methylation of rat liver tRNA-synthesis of 3-methylcytosine and 1-methylhypoxanthine

Abstract Rat liver methylating enzymes could methylate tRNA extracted from the livers of rats treated with 35 mg/100 g L-ethionine 19 h prior to sacrifice. 1-methylhypoxanthine and 3-methylcytosine were among the methylated bases synthesized in vitro . The synthesis of 3-methylcytosine was dependent on the presence of Mg++ although this ion inhibited the overall methylation of the tRNA.
Uncovering adolescent choral singers’ philosophical beliefs about music-making: A qualitative inquiry:

The purpose of this qualitative inquiry was to investigate adolescent choral singers’ philosophical beliefs regarding music-making within three different, mid-sized, Midwestern mixed choirs in the ...