cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magic Angle Spinning 17O NMR of Aluminum Oxides and Hydroxides.

The results of MAS 17O NMR spectra of the 17O-labeled, well defined phases α-Al2O3, boehmite (AlO(OH)), and bayerite (Al(OH)3) are used to interpret the spectra of the more ill-defined transition aluminas, including γ-, η-, δ-, and ϑ-Al2O3.
Diiron azadithiolates as models for the [FeFe]-hydrogenase active site and paradigm for the role of the second coordination sphere.

ConspectusThe [FeFe] hydrogenases (H2ases) catalyze the redox reaction that interconverts protons and H2. This area of biocatalysis has attracted attention because the metal-based chemistry is unusual, and the reactions have practical implications. The active site consists of a [4Fe–4S] cluster bridged to a [Fe2(μ-dithiolate)(CN)2(CO)3]z center (z = 1– and 2−). The dithiolate cofactor is [HN(CH2S)2]2–, called the azadithiolate ([adtH]2–). Although many derivatives of Fe2(SR)2(CO)6–xLx are electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), most operate by slow nonbiomimetic pathways. Biomimetic hydrogenogenesis is thought to involve intermediates, wherein the hydride substrate is adjacent to the amine of the adtH, being bonded to only one Fe center.Formation of terminal hydride complexes is favored when the diiron carbonyl models contain azadithiolate. Although unstable in the free state, the adt cofactor is stable once it is affixed to the Fe2 center. It can be prepared by alkylation of Fe2(SH)2(...
Preface: The Excess of Seeing

In August 2013, I traveled to Brighton for the annual gathering of the Modernist Studies Association (MSA), the biggest academic conference in my field. I had been to the MSA conference many times before, but this time there was a twist: I was going to participate in the conference's first-ever “poster session.” Humanities conferences normally consist of oral presentations and seminars, and the MSA's decision to include a poster session – a common model in the sciences – was meant to recognize the growing prominence of Digital Humanities (DH), the area of humanities research concerned with and conducted with the aid of digital technology. Much of my work in the preceding years had focused on developing computational methods of tracking multi-voicedness in modernist writers such as T. S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf, and I was glad for an opportunity to present this digital work to my fellow modernists. After a long intercontinental flight with an unwieldy poster tube and several computers in tow, I arrived brimming with enthusiasm. However well intentioned, the poster session was a disaster. In an effort to attract maximum traffic, the conference organizers had set us up in the refreshments area. My booth – I sat behind a table with a large poster to my left and a laptop in front of me to “demo” my work – was directly across from the coffee station. On the first day of the conference, I was asked many questions (“Where is the toilet?”; “Which way to room 312?”; “What time is the plenary?”), but none pertaining to my research. In the visual vocabulary of the humanities conference, a person seated behind a desk, in the vicinity of a laptop, was staff – not someone with something to say about literature. On the second day of the conference, in a novel if somewhat desperate effort to attract attention to our work, the conference organizers suggested we set up during the wine and cheese reception, always a popular event. It was indeed packed – though no one, it seemed, was in the mood to discuss natural-language processing. One conference goer, gesticulating wildly in the course of a lively conversation with a colleague, knocked my poster off the wall. My booth was quickly identified as a convenient place to discard empty wine glasses and dirty napkins.
Text, Talk, and Journalistic Quoting Practices.

This article explores journalistic quoting practices as an interface between written and oral modes of communication, or between text and talk. Examining both the prescriptive and performative dimensions of journalistic quoting across media, the article demonstrates that when quoting, journalists do not adopt modes of communication relative to the medium being employed but instead creatively mix and meld text and talk, regardless of the medium. The article suggests that this invocation of both modes of communication renders a distinction between text and talk invalid in contemporary news discourse. It further suggests that the cogency of news presentation might depend on the interchangeability of both modalities.
Corrigendum: Regulation of T Cell Differentiation and Function by EZH2

The names of two authors were misspelled in the original article as Anthos Chistofides and Kankana Barhdan. The correct spelling of these names is Anthos Christofides and Kankana Bardhan.
Angiosome-Guided Intervention in Critical Limb Ischemia

The goals of treatment for critical limb ischemia (CLI) are alleviation of ischemic rest pain, healing of arterial insufficiency ulcers, and improving quality of life, thereby preventing limb loss and CLI-related mortality. Arterial revascularization is the foundation of a contemporary approach to promote amputation-free survival. Angiosome-directed revascularization has become a popular theory of reperfusion, whereby anatomically directed arterial flow is restored straight to the wound bed. Innovations in endovascular revascularization combined with a multidisciplinary strategy of wound care accelerate progress in CLI management. This article highlights advances in CLI management, including the clinical relevance of angiosome-directed revascularization, and provides considerations for future treatment of CLI.
Persistence during and resurgence following noncontingent reinforcement implemented with and without extinction

Noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) is typically implemented with extinction (EXT) for destructive behavior reinforced by social consequences and without EXT for destructive behavior reinforced by sensory consequences. Behavioral momentum theory (BMT) predicts that responding will be more persistent, and treatment relapse in the form of response resurgence more likely, when NCR is implemented without EXT due to the greater overall rate of reinforcement associated with this intervention. We used an analogue arrangement to test these predictions of BMT by comparing NCR implemented with and without EXT. For two of three participants, we observed more immediate reductions in responding during NCR without EXT. However, for all participants, NCR without EXT produced greater resurgence than NCR with EXT when we discontinued all reinforcers during an EXT Only phase, although there was variability in response patterns across and within participants. Implications for treatment of destructive behavior using NCR are discussed.
What can we learn from experiments? Understanding the threats to the scalability of experimental results

Abstract Policymakers often consider interventions at the scale of the population, or some other large scale. One of the sources of information about the potential effects of such interventions is ...
Agile prototype development for a small planetary lander

This paper details the results of two years of development of a monopropellant planetary landing system via a hybridized Agile-Lean development method. This paper continues to describe an outline of Agile and Lean development methodologies and the design of the Lunar Lion team and the Puma prototype. The paper also discusses program requirements, system implementation, and the results of using an Agile-Lean process for hardware development. The Penn State Lunar Lion team designed a low-cost landed mission to the surface of the Moon. This lander is designed to autonomously execute mission activities and collect valuable science data targeting lunar exploration goals set by the science community. Currently, Lunar Lion's team of geoscience students is developing a viable set of science goals for a small lander. For the propulsion system and vehicle design, a notional 30 kg science payload was assumed in the calculation of mission parameters. To achieve the final 300 m/s descent and landing delta-V, the team considered a monopropellant, hydrogen peroxide system; they performed analysis for thrust levels, Isp requirements, throttle range, and total propellant loading. The team identified readily available, low-cost hydrogen peroxide rocket engines that use a proprietary blend of precious metals for the catalyst and subsequently purchased several fitting rocket engines. Students then performed initial testing to confirm performance characteristics, and fed the engine specifications forward into the design of a prototype for earth-based operations. Lunar Lion uses the Agile approach to development by defining tasks and deliverables in Scrums and by using a Kanban project board to monitor progress. Merging the two methods allows for several key program management benefits such as centralized documentation resources, increased peer-to-peer interaction, and rapid turnaround of deliverables. It is this blend of Agile and Lean constructs that have directly led to the recent success of the Lunar Lion program. During the 160-day period that the team followed the Agile-Lean approach, the team successfully reached two challenging technical milestones: multiple full-scale, vehicle-level static fire tests and the system's first tethered 1-DOF vertical takeoff and soft landing test. This paper concludes with projected next steps, as well as a discussion of the effectiveness of the team's use of Agile methods and its applicability to future student-focused technology development projects.
Overview of craft brewing specificities and potentially associated microbiota

The brewing process differs slightly in craft breweries as compared to industrial breweries, as there are fewer control points. This affects the microbiota of the final product. Beer contains several antimicrobial properties that protect it from pathogens, such as low pH, low oxygen and high carbon dioxide content, and the addition of hops. However, these hurdles have limited power controlling spoilage organisms. Contamination by these organisms can originate in the raw materials, persist in the environment, and be introduced by using flavoring ingredients later in the process. Spoilage is a prominent issue in brewing, and can cause quality degradation resulting in consumer rejection and product waste. For example, lactic acid bacteria are predominately associated with producing a ropy texture and haze, along with producing diacetyl which gives the beer butter flavor notes. Other microorganisms may not affect flavor or aroma, but can retard fermentation by consuming nutrients needed by fermentation yeast. Quality control in craft breweries today relies on culturing methods to detect specific spoilage organisms. Using media can be beneficial for detecting the most common beer spoilers, such as Lactobacillus and Pediococci. However, these methods are time consuming with long incubation periods. Molecular methods such as community profiling or high throughput sequencing are better used for identifying entire populations of beer. These methods allow for detection, differentiation, and identification of taxa.
A Slick and Stretchable Surgical Adhesive

Slugs may move slowly, but a recent study suggests that an understanding of the chemical properties of their slimes is speeding the development of experimental adhesives.
A 92-Year-Old Male with Eosinophilic Asthma Presenting with Recurrent Palpable Purpuric Plaques

Churg-Strauss syndrome or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a systemic vasculitis affecting the small and medium-sized vasculature. It is commonly associated with asthma and eosinophilia. Most patients are diagnosed at around the age of 40. We report a case of biopsy-confirmed Churg-Strauss syndrome in a 92-year-old male with a history of eosinophilic asthma and peripheral eosinophilia who was later diagnosed with Churg-Strauss syndrome.
Parameter Estimation and Model Selection in Extragalactic Astronomy

Astronomy is rife with multi-instrument, multiple wave band data sets and complex physical theories. An astronomer, therefore, needs to (1) infer the parameters of models from multiple hypotheses; (2) inter-compare hypotheses; and (3) test that the data is sufficiently well explained by the models. Most often, all three needs are inseparably linked. The Bayesian approach allows these to be addressed simultaneously and consistently. Although Bayesian inference is well-suited to problems of inference in astronomical science, the most commonly used tools best treat idealized or specialized models. Here, I describe our experience based on two such problems in extragalactic science—testing models based on galaxy images and exploring recipes galaxy evolution using semi-analytic models—using the UMass Bayesian Inference Engine (BIE), a parallel-optimized software package for parameter inference and model selection. The BIE is designed as a collaborative platform for Bayesian methodology for astronomical problems.
Liver regeneration requires Yap1-TGFβ-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes

Background & Aims Chronic failure of mechanisms that promote effective regeneration of dead hepatocytes causes replacement of functional hepatic parenchyma with fibrous scar tissue, ultimately resulting in cirrhosis. Therefore, defining and optimizing mechanisms that orchestrate effective regeneration might prevent cirrhosis. We hypothesized that effective regeneration of injured livers requires hepatocytes to evade the growth-inhibitory actions of TGFβ, since TGFβ signaling inhibits mature hepatocyte growth but drives cirrhosis pathogenesis. Methods Wild-type mice underwent 70% partial hepatectomy (PH); TGFβ expression and signaling were evaluated in intact tissue and primary hepatocytes before, during, and after the period of maximal hepatocyte proliferation that occurs from 24–72 h after PH. To determine the role of Yap1 in regulating TGFβ signaling in hepatocytes, studies were repeated after selectively deleting Yap1 from hepatocytes of Yap1flox/flox mice. Results TGFβ expression and hepatocyte nuclear accumulation of pSmad2 and Yap1 increased in parallel with hepatocyte proliferative activity after PH. Proliferative hepatocytes also upregulated Snai1, a pSmad2 target gene that promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), suppressed epithelial genes, induced myofibroblast markers, and produced collagen 1α1. Deleting Yap1 from hepatocytes blocked their nuclear accumulation of pSmad2 and EMT-like response, as well as their proliferation. Conclusion Interactions between the TGFβ and Hippo-Yap signaling pathways stimulate hepatocytes to undergo an EMT-like response that is necessary for them to grow in a TGFβ-enriched microenvironment and regenerate injured livers. Lay summary The adult liver has an extraordinary ability to regenerate after injury despite the accumulation of scar-forming factors that normally block the proliferation and reduce the survival of residual liver cells. We discovered that liver cells manage to escape these growth-inhibitory influences by transiently becoming more like fibroblasts themselves. They do this by reactivating programs that are known to drive tissue growth during fetal development and in many cancers. Understanding how the liver can control programs that are involved in scarring and cancer may help in the development of new treatments for cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Early weight loss outcomes from a newly established hospital-affiliated specialized obesity care delivery model in Central Florida.

We evaluated weight loss outcomes in a newly established hospital-affiliated, physician-directed multidisciplinary, and personalized obesity care model. Fifty established patients in a specialized obesity medicine practice underwent intensive lifestyle intervention ±adjunctive pharmacotherapy (46/50) for >6 consecutive months and when required, psychological intervention. We identified demographics, obesity-related comorbidities, anthropometric changes over time, and laboratory screen. Psychosocial status was determined using Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Brownell-Stunkard Weight-Loss Readiness Test, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL). Patient characteristics (mean ± SD) were: 70% female; age 47.0 ± 16.4 y; weight 111.55 ± 32.8 kg; BMI 39.3 ± 8.8 kg/m2; % body fat 45.5 ± 6.3. Patients had attempted at least one diet prior to seeking tertiary obesity care and averaged 2.5 major co-morbidities. In regards to health status, 74% were insulin resistant [HOMA]; 12% had Type 2 DM (HbA1c > 6.5%); 46% were hypertensive; 48% had dyslipidemia, 38% were vitamin D deficient; 44% were depressed (BDI-II). Weight loss at 3 and 6 months averaged −4.18 and −7.88 kg and percentage changes in BMI a respective −4.39 and −7.74% (p < 0.0001). Forty percentage were early responders (ER), having lost ≥ 5% of their initial weight 3 months into the program. Total weight loss for ER vs. non-responders (NR) at 3 months was −7.90 and −1.71 kg, respectively (p < 0.0001) and mean % BMI changes from baseline were a respective −7.77 and −1.88%. Organized hospital-affiliated specialized obesity care delivery models can be successful in personalized obesity treatment. These types of medical programs for complicated obesity are likely to reduce impediments to addressing obesity effectively.
Heterogeneity of retinogeniculate axon arbors

The retinogeniculate synapse transmits information from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in the eye to thalamocortical relay neurons in the visual thalamus, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Studies in mice have identified genetic markers for distinct classes of RGCs encoding different features of the visual space, facilitating the dissection of RGC subtype-specific physiology and anatomy. In this study, we examine the morphological properties of axon arbors of the BD-RGC class of ON-OFF direction selective cells that, by definition, exhibit a stereotypic dendritic arbor and termination pattern in the retina. We find that axon arbors from the same class of RGCs exhibit variations in their structure based on their target region of the dLGN. Our findings suggest that target regions may influence the morphologic and synaptic properties of their afferent inputs.
Chemical Composition of the Expanding Coronal and Interplanetary Plasma

The chemical composition of the interplanetary plasma is of interest not only as a characteristic of the solar wind but as a possible indication of the chemical composition of the outer layers of the sun. Only two of the expected chemical constituents of the plasma, the ions 1H+ and 4H++ (where, in our notation, the left superscript denotes the atomic mass number and the right superscript denotes the ionic charge) have been routinely and extensively observed in the solar wind. These observations have led to our only firm conclusions regarding an average elemental abundance in interplanetary space; the solar wind has an average helium abundance between 4 and 5% by number. Comparison with the solar helium abundance suggests (but by no means proves) that helium is concentrated in the solar corona as a consequence of the coronal expansion. Such a separation of different ions could result from the polarization electric field of the coronal plasma, as already described in I.6. Ions other than 1H+ and 4H++ can be observed by present day plasma detectors only under favorable (and rare) circumstances. These infrequent observations have led to some knowledge of the interplanetary abundance of 3He, O, Si, and Fe, and the ionization states of O, Si, and Fe. Even this meager information concerning the ionization states is of great interest, as it leads to a direct indication of the temperature of the coronal region from which the observed solar wind has emanated. There are also some hints that the interplanetary ionization state may be slightly modified by interaction with interstellar gas and dust, raising the possibility of inferring properties of the interstellar medium from solar wind observations.
Numerical solutions for stresses near crack tips in time-dependent inelastic fracture mechanics

The boundary element method is used in this paper to calculate the stresses in a finite planar body with a traction free crack present in it. The body is assumed to undergo time-dependent inelastic deformation and is described by an elastic-power law creep constitutive model. A stationary crack is modelled as a very thin ellipse and numerical solutions to the complete transient problem are obtained by step-wise integration in time. The numerical results for stresses near a crack tip are compared with the asymptotic analytical results obtained by other researchers. These asymptotic results are those for a plate with a line crack where the elastic strain rates are neglected relative to the nonelastic strain rates near the crack tips. Both Mode III and Mode I deformation, under time-independent and time-dependent remote loading, are considered in the calculations.
De novo Design of Translational RNA Repressors

ABSTRACT A central goal of synthetic biology is the development of methods for the predictable control of gene expression. RNA is an attractive substrate by which to achieve this goal because the relationship between its sequence, structure, and function is being uncovered with increasing depth. In addition, design approaches that use this relationship are becoming increasingly effective, as evidenced by significant progress in the de novo design of RNA-based gene regulatory mechanisms that activate transcription and translation in bacterial cells. However, the design of synthetic RNA mechanisms that are efficient and versatile repressors of gene expression has lagged, despite their importance for gene regulation and genetic circuit construction. We address this gap by developing two new classes of RNA regulators, toehold repressors and looped antisense oligonucleotides (LASOs), that repress translation of a downstream gene in response to an arbitrary input RNA sequence. Characterization studies show that these designed RNAs robustly repress translation, are highly orthogonal, and can be multiplexed with translational activators. We show that our LASO design can repress endogenous mRNA targets and distinguish between closely-related genes with a high degree of specificity and predictability. These results demonstrate significant yet easy-to-implement improvements in the design of synthetic RNA repressors for synthetic biology, and point more broadly to design principles for repressive RNA interactions relevant to modern drug design.
Experience of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women living with HIV.

ObjectiveTo assess the uptake of hormone replacement therapy in women living with HIV (WLHIV) in particular acceptability, response to treatment and compliance.Study designRetrospective review of m...
Examining the Roles of Automation, Crowds and Professionals Towards Sustainable Fact-checking

This study explores an online fact-checking community called politicalfactchecking on reddit.com that relies on crowdsourcing to find and verify check-worthy facts relating to U.S. politics. The community embodies a network journalism model in which the process of finding and verifying check-worthy facts through crowdsourcing is coordinated by a team of moderators. Applying the concepts of connective journalism, this study analyzed the posts (N = 543) and comments (N = 10, 221) on the community’s Reddit page to understand differences in roles of the community members and the moderators. A mixed-method approach was used to analyze the data. The authors also developed an automated argument classification model to analyze the contents and identify ways to automate parts of the process. The findings suggest that a model consisting of crowds, professionals, and computer-assisted analysis could increase efficiency and decrease costs in news organizations that involve fact-checking.
Space Shuttle Operations and Infrastructure: A Systems Analysis of Design Root Causes and Effects

This NASA Technical Publication explores and documents the nature of Space Shuttle operations and its supporting infrastructure and addresses fundamental questions often asked of the Space Shuttle program why does it take so long to turnaround the Space Shuttle for flight and why does it cost so much? Further, the report provides an overview of the cause-and effect relationships between generic flight and ground system design characteristics and resulting operations by using actual cumulative maintenance task times as a relative measure of direct work content. In addition, this NASA TP provides an overview of how the Space Shuttle program's operational infrastructure extends and accumulates from these design characteristics. Finally, and most important, the report derives a set of generic needs from which designers can revolutionize space travel from the inside out by developing and maturing more operable and supportable systems.
Serotonin syndrome following left ventricular assist device implantation: A report and institution-specific strategy for prevention.

Abstract Serotonin syndrome is a potentially lethal complication of antidepressant therapy. Cardiac surgical patients are at particularly high risk of serotonin syndrome due to the prevalence of depression in patients with advanced cardiac disease, many of whom receive multiple serotonergic agents in the perioperative period. Here, we describe a case of postoperative serotonin syndrome following methylene blue administration for perioperative vasoplegia during left ventricular assist device implantation. We additionally describe an institution-specific strategy to minimize future occurrences of serotonin syndrome in this high-risk population.
Negative Externalities and Real Asset Prices: Closing of Stapleton Airport and Effect on Nearby Housing Markets

The closing of a busy airport has large effects on noise and economic activity. We examine the effects of Stapleton airport?s closing on nearby, Denver housing markets. We find evidence of immediate anticipatory effects on prices upon announcement of the closing, but no price changes at closing likely because it was widely anticipated. However, we find that high income and white households delayed moving into these locations until after the airport?s closing. Also, developers upgraded the quality of houses being built after closing. Further, post-closing, these demographic and housing stock changes had substantial effects on housing prices.
Clan-Structured Migration and Phenotypic Differentiation in the Jirels of Nepal

This paper examines the impact of clan-structured migration on the between-village differentiation of the Jirels, a tribal population of eastern Nepal. The Jirel population is geographically restricted to nine villages, all of which were sampled to some extent for this study. Data on five head measurements, stature, and digital ridge counts are utilized to illustrate the patterns of phenotypic variation. Multivariate statistical techniques are used to assess the extent to which clan membership and associated patterns of marital exchange influence the population structure of the Jirels. The phenotypic characteristics of randomly generated migrant sets are compared to those of the observed clan-structured sets, demonstrating the clan-related phenotypic nonrandomness of migrants. The results indicate that clan-structured migration may significantly influence the amount of between-village variation. Clan structure may be a significant factor in determining patterns of variation and should not be ignored in studies of microdifferentiation in tribal populations.
Religious and spiritual struggles among military veterans in a residential gambling treatment programme

Military veterans are at greater risk for problem gambling and Gambling Disorder (GD) than are civilians. For veterans and civilians alike, religious and spiritual beliefs and practices have been f...
Robust Controller Design for Automatic Voltage Regulation

In this paper, a robust controller is developed for an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) in power systems. In reality, the voltage at each substation fluctuates constantly due to disturbances. These voltage disturbances are mainly caused by load changes and loss of equipment. They degrade voltage/power quality, and if not corrected in time could lead to voltage collapse and black out. The AVR at generating stations is a crucial system to maintain the magnitude of terminal voltage at nominal value. But AVR itself is not robust enough against the disturbances. Therefore an additional controller is needed to improve the dynamic performance of the AVR and maintain the nominal voltage at each bus. An error driven active disturbance rejection controller (EDADRC) is originally designed and applied to enhance the performance of the AVR. In EDADRC, a feedback controller is constructed based on the difference between nominal and actual voltages. An observer is used to estimate the external disturbance, which is then compensated by the controller. The stability of EDADRC is theoretically proved. Both PID and EDADRC are implemented on a real time Simscape Electrical platform with actual power equipment. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the EDADRC to PID controller in disturbance rejection with comparable control efforts. They also verify the effectiveness of EDADRC in voltage regulation.
Strong coherent coupling of V[TCNE]x magnons to NV center spins

Here, we predict a strong coherent coupling in the quantum regime between V[TCNE]x magnons [1,2] and spin coherent NV center levels. First, we calculate analytically the magnon dispersion and fringe field and obtain a NV spin-magnon coupling strength of 8.7 kHz for a disk of diameter 1 μm. Secondly, we derive an analytical expression for the cooperativity as a function of NV center position for a general magnetic disk on top of the diamond substrate. Using realistic coherence times of both NV centers and V[TCNE]x magnons, we predict cooperativity C ≈ 6 for NV centers placed within a wide spatial region. Thus our proposal provides an avenue for coupling between NV centers separated by ≈1 μm. The material is based on work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Award Number DE-SC0019250. [1] Na Zhu, et. al., Applied Physics Letters 109, 082402 (2016). [2] A. Franson, et. al., APL Materials 7, 121113 (2019).
On Modeling Human Trust in Automation: Identifying distinct dynamics through clustering of Markovian models

Abstract Intelligent and autonomous technology is performing tasks from driving to healthcare, in which calibration of human trust in automation is critical. In this paper, we use a model-based clustering algorithm to identify and model dominant dynamics of human trust in automation among a general population. In doing so, we seek to balance the tradeoffs between a single generalized, or several individualized, models of human trust. We show that two models optimally represent the sampled population and denote the participants in the two clusters as “Followers” and “Preservers”—those with high and low propensities to trust automation, respectively. We compare the dynamics of each partially observable Markov decision process model as well their associated control policies that calibrate human trust while reducing workload in a reconnaissance mission context. The resulting control policies for varying the transparency of an automated decision aid suggest that the use of a generalized control policy would sub-optimally calibrate human trust dynamics in the general population.
Goal-Aware Robocentric Mapping and Navigation of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

This paper proposes an autonomous navigation solution for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in an unknown and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNNS)-denied environment using a goal-aware robocent...
Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: the emerging role of 20-HETE

The accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated τ proteins in the brain are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much of the research into the pathogenesis of AD has focused on the amyloid or τ hypothesis. These hypotheses propose that Aβ or τ aggregation is the inciting event in AD that leads to downstream neurodegeneration, inflammation, brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. Multiple drugs have been developed and are effective in preventing the accumulation and/or clearing of Aβ or τ proteins. However, clinical trials examining these therapeutic agents have failed to show efficacy in preventing or slowing the progression of the disease. Thus, there is a need for fresh perspectives and the evaluation of alternative therapeutic targets in this field. Epidemiology studies have revealed significant overlap between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and stroke to the development of cognitive impairment. This strong correlation has given birth to a renewed focus on vascular contributions to AD and related dementias. However, few genes and mechanisms have been identified. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a complex role in hypertension, autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Multiple human genome-wide association studies have linked mutations in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A (CYP4A) genes that produce 20-HETE to hypertension and stroke. Most recently, genetic variants in the enzymes that produce 20-HETE have also been linked to AD in human population studies. This review examines the emerging role of 20-HETE in AD and related dementias.
Discovery of 4-aminoquinolines as highly selective TGFβR1 inhibitors with an attenuated MAP4K4 profile for potential applications in immuno-oncology.

Abstract The tumor microenvironment contains high concentrations of TGFβ, a crucial immunosuppressive cytokine. TGFβ stimulates immune escape by promoting peripheral immune tolerance to avoid tumoricidal attack. Small-molecule inhibitors of TGFβR1 are a prospective method for next-generation immunotherapies. In the present study, we identified selective 4-aminoquinoline-based inhibitors of TGFβR1 through structural and rational-based design strategies. This led to the identification of compound 4i, which was found to be selective for TGFβR1 with the exception of MAP4K4 in the kinase profiling assay. The compound was then further optimized to remove MAP4K4 activity, since MAP4K4 is vital for proper T-cell function and its inhibition could exacerbate tumor immunosuppression. Optimization efforts led to compound 4s that inhibited TGFβR1 at an IC50 of 0.79 ± 0.19 nM with 2000-fold selectivity against MAP4K4. Compound 4s represents a highly selective TGFβR1 inhibitor that has potential applications in immuno-oncology.
Analysis of Aero-Optical Jitter in Boundary Layers Using the Stitching Method

In the typical analysis of aero-optical wavefront data, the three lowest order spatial modes are removed from the experimental data. These three spatial modes (tip, tilt, and piston) are commonly corrupted by mechanical disturbances. In this work an algorithm was developed that takes advantage of the advective nature of aberrations to compensate for the tip, tilt, and piston removal common in experiment. The algorithm is able to recover the aero-optical component of the jitter and provide time series of global tilt free of mechanical disturbances. This algorithm is called the stitching method. Experiments were conducted in Notre Dame’s Tri-sonic Wind Tunnel (TWT) Facility. Optical wavefront measurements were conducted on a Mach 0.6/0.1 shear layer. Voice coil actuators were placed on the shear layer splitter plate to regularize the shear layer. The predicted results for the RMS of the aero-optical jitter from the stitching method matched well with modeled results. Since the stitching method produces full time series of global tilt, energy spectra were also computed and presented. This information can be used by systems designers to benchmark fast steering mirrors for use in airborne directed energy systems.
Detection of Lymph Nodes in T2 MRI Using Neural Network Ensembles

Reliable localization of abnormal lymph nodes in T2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans is needed for staging and treatment of lymphoproliferative diseases. Radiologists need to accurately characterize the size and shape of the lymph nodes and may require an additional contrast sequence such as diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for staging confirmation. The varied appearance of lymph nodes in T2 MRI makes staging for metastasis challenging. Moreover, radiologists often times miss smaller lymph nodes that could be malignant over the course of a busy clinical day. To address these imaging and workflow issues, in this pilot work we aim to localize potentially suspicious lymph nodes for staging. We use state-of-the-art detection neural networks to localize lymph nodes in T2 MRI scans acquired through a variety of scanners and exam protocols, and employ bounding box fusion techniques to reduce false positives (FP) and boost detection accuracy. We construct an ensemble of the best detection models to identify potential lymph node candidates for staging, obtaining a 71.75% precision and 91.96% sensitivity at 4 FP per image. To the best of our knowledge, our results improve upon the current state-of-the-art techniques for lymph node detection in T2 MRI scans.
Fast and accurate distance-based phylogenetic placement using divide and conquer.

Phylogenetic placement of query samples on an existing phylogeny is increasingly used in molecular ecology, including sample identification and microbiome environmental sampling. As the size of available reference trees used in these analyses continues to grow, there is a growing need for methods that place sequences on ultra-large trees with high accuracy. Distance-based placement methods have recently emerged as a path to provide such scalability while allowing flexibility to analyse both assembled and unassembled environmental samples. In this study, we introduce a distance-based phylogenetic placement method, APPLES-2, that is more accurate and scalable than existing distance-based methods and even some of the leading maximum-likelihood methods. This scalability is owed to a divide-and-conquer technique that limits distance calculation and phylogenetic placement to parts of the tree most relevant to each query. The increased scalability and accuracy enables us to study the effectiveness of APPLES-2 for placing microbial genomes on a data set of 10,575 microbial species using subsets of 381 marker genes. APPLES-2 has very high accuracy in this setting, placing 97% of query genomes within three branches of the optimal position in the species tree using 50 marker genes. Our proof-of-concept results show that APPLES-2 can quickly place metagenomic scaffolds on ultra-large backbone trees with high accuracy as long as a scaffold includes tens of marker genes. These results pave the path for a more scalable and widespread use of distance-based placement in various areas of molecular ecology.
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) Biosynthesis and GAG-Binding Proteins

Two major types of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, are polymerized and modified by enzymes that are encoded by more than 40 genes in animal cells. Because of the expression repertoire of the GAG assembly and modification enzymes, each heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chain has a sulfation pattern, chain length, and fine structure that is potentially unique to each animal cell. GAGs interact with hundreds of proteins. Such interactions protect growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines against proteolysis. GAGs catalyze protease (such as thrombin) inhibition by serpins. GAGs regulate multiple signaling pathways including, but not limited to, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/FGFR, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)/c-Ret/GFRalpha1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)/PDGFR, BAFF/TACI, Indian hedgehog, Wnt, and BMP signaling pathways,where genetic studies have revealed an absolute requirement for GAGs in these pathways. Most importantly, protein/GAG aggregates induce thrombin generation and immune system upregulation by activating the contact system. Abnormal protein/GAG aggregates are associated with a variety of devastating human diseases including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's, diabetes, prion or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, Lupus, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis, and different kinds of cancers. Therefore, GAGs are essential components of modern molecular biology and human physiology. Understanding GAG structure and function at molecular level with regard to development and health represents a unique opportunity in combating different kinds of human diseases.
THE FACE OF CHRIST DELEUZE AND GUATTARI ON THE POLITICS OF WORD AND IMAGE

In A Thousand Plateaus , Deleuze and Guattari manifest a strange fascination for paintings of Christ, as well as for the biblical Hebrews, their God, and his written word. For the two French theorists, however, the portraits of Christ do not represent the son of God, but rather deploy faciality, marking the predominance of a regime of signs necessary to the politics which underpin Western Christianity. Deleuze and Guattari's critique of representation can be used to address several conceptual difficulties encountered by the new generation of art historians which has taken conceptually sophisticated positions in regard to Byzantine and medieval holy artworks. The question of the power of holy artworks, their relationship to holy texts, and their effect on ordinary beholders had been neglected, these art historians claim, although, unlike Deleuze and Guattari, they do not reject the theory of representation outright. The first section of this paper shows how the notion of faciality upholds Deleuze's critique of representation, while identifying resonances between his critique and problems expressed by a number of art historians. The second section of the paper continues to map out an encounter between the concerns of Deleuze and Guattari and those of art historians, in regard to the political history of Christian visual art.
Cryostat for Testing RF Power Couplers

Similar to the power leads of accelerator superconducting magnets, the power couplers of accelerator superconducting cavities are components that link room temperature to superfluid helium temperature for the purpose of energy transfer. Instead of conducting kiloamperes of current they guide megawatts of RF power between those two temperatures. In this paper we describe a cryostat designed for testing the performance of these components and measuring their heat loads. A special feature of this cryostat is its minimum liquid inventory that considerably simplifies safety related requirements. This cryostat is part of a Fermilab facility contributing to the international collaboration working on TESLA (TeV Electron Superconducting Linear Accelerator). This facility is now operational and we will be presenting specifications as well as performance data on the cryostat as well as the first pair of power couplers tested with it.
Gödel’s Proof

Godel proved the incompleteness theorem by constructing, for any reasonable proof . system, a sentence of number theory that asserts its own unprovability. Here is the essence of Godel’s construction.
Air Transportation - A Management Perspective

Contents: Foreword, Vijay Poonoosamy Foreword, Tewolde Gebremariam Preface. Part I An Introduction to Air Transportation: The airline industry: trends, challenges and strategies Aviation: an overview Historical perspective Air transportation: regulators and associations The general aviation industry. Part II Structure and Economics of the Airlines: The airline industry Economic characteristics of the airlines. Part III Managerial Aspects of Airlines: Airline management and organization Forecasting methods Airline passenger marketing #Airlines in social media Airline pricing, demand, and output determination Air cargo Principles of airline scheduling Fleet planning: the aircraft selection process Airline labor relations Airline financing. Part IV The International Scene: International aviation. Appendix: career planning in aviation Glossary Index.
Expression of a streptomycete leaderless mRNA encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in Escherichia coli.

The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene from Streptomyces acrimycini encodes a leaderless mRNA. Expression of the cat coding sequence as a leaderless mRNA from a modified lac promoter resulted in chloramphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli. Transcript mapping with nuclease S1 confirmed that the 59 end of the cat message initiated at the A of the AUG translational start codon. Site-directed mutagenesis of the lac promoter or the cat start codon abolished chloramphenicol resistance, indicating that E. coli initiated translation at the 59 terminal AUG of the cat leaderless mRNA. Addition of 59-AUGC-39 to the 59 end of the cat mRNA resulted in translation occurring also from the reading frame defined by the added AUG triplet, suggesting that a 59-terminal start codon is an important recognition feature for initiation and establishing reading frame during translation of leaderless mRNA. Addition of an untranslated leader and Shine-Dalgarno sequence to the cat coding sequence increased cat expression in a cat:lacZ fusion; however, the level of expression was significantly lower than when a fragment of the bacteriophage lambda cI gene, also encoding a leaderless mRNA, was fused to lacZ. These results indicate that in the absence of an untranslated leader and Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the streptomycete cat mRNA is translated by E. coli; however, the cat translation signals, or other features of the cat mRNA, provide for only a low level of expression in E. coli.
NUTRITION OF LEPTOSPIRA POMONA I. A Chemically Defined Substitute for Rabbit Serum Ultrafiltrate

Johnson, R. C. (Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.) and N. D. Gary. Nutrition of Leptospira pomona. I. A chemically defined substitute for rabbit serum ultrafiltrate. J. Bacteriol. 83:668–672. 1962.—Poor growth of Leptospira pomona, strain Wickard, in a medium containing exhaustively dialyzed rabbit serum was corrected by addition of rabbit serum ultrafiltrate. A dialyzed serum medium was used to investigate the nutritional qualities of various compounds when tested as substitutes for the ultrafiltrate fraction. l-Asparagine was the only amino acid that markedly stimulated growth. l-Glutamine was active only when autoclaved (converted to the ammonium salt of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), and NH4Cl and urea satisfactorily replaced l-asparagine. Results indicated that amino acids functioned primarily as a nitrogen source in this medium. Thiamine was the only vitamin required for growth. The lag phase was usually decreased by 1 day with NaHCO3. A medium composed of 0.02 m phospate buffer (pH 7.4), 15% dialyzed rabbit serum, thiamine (5 μg/ml), and NH4Cl (10−3m) supported growth equivalent to that obtained with undialyzed rabbit serum medium. L. pomona was transferred six times, in this medium and seven other serotypes were transferred three times, without any decrease in amount of growth. Growth of L. pomona was initiated with 20 organisms per ml.