cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P94 ‐ Food allergy in children ‐ are we following NICE (National Centre for Clinical Excellence) guidelines in documentation?

Methods We identified all out patient clinic letters with food allergy over one year period (April 201011). After modifying the NICE audit proforma, we collected further information including the professional who referred these children, team reviewing them and management including discharge planning or referral to other specialties. We also collected information on final diagnosis and any referrals made to school/nursery and dietician.
Genomic imprinting: normal complementation of murine chromosome 16.

Parental imprinting effects for chromosome 16 were investigated using disomic animals which were obtained by mating ( Rb 32 Lub × Rb 2 H ) F1 mice. Two allelic forms of the enzyme CuZn-superoxide dismutase, Sod-1 a and Sod-1 c , were` used to identify maternally or paternally disomic animals. Both types of disomic animals were found with the expected frequencies and did not visibly differ from one another or from non-disomic animals. These results indicate that the genomic imprinting mechanism either does not act on chromosome 16, or, if it does, does not do so in a manner which affects normal development.
Relationships Between Infection, Dissemination, and Transmission of West Nile Virus RNA in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say fed blood containing 6.8 ± 0.3 logs (mean ± SE) plaque-forming units of West Nile virus (WNV)/ml were maintained at 28°C for incubation periods (IP) of 7, 14, or 21 d. Several attributes of vector competence were determined at each IP using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to estimate plaque forming unit equivalents including: infection rate (WNV-positive abdomens), dissemination rate (WNV-positive legs or thoraces), combined dissemination rate (WNV-positive legs and thoraces), transmission rate (WNV-positive saliva), and WNV titers in abdomens, legs, thoraces, and saliva. Each rate increased or was equivalent with increasing IP. Mosquitoes transmitting WNV in saliva also had significantly higher IP-dependent WNV titers in abdomens, legs, and thoraces. Titers of WNV in abdomens were significantly correlated with titers in legs and thoraces, but the degree of association changed with IP. However, titers of abdomens, legs, and thoraces were not correlated with WNV presence or titer in the saliva. The results show that WNV presence or titer in the saliva of infected Cx. p. quinquefasciatus was not directly influenced by processes involved in WNV replication in other tissues. The processes controlling midgut infection and escape are, in part, independent from the infection processes in other tissues. The relationship between infection, dissemination, and transmission varied over time. The infection and replication of WNV in different tissues is likely influenced by different barriers encountered during the extrinsic incubation period. The significance of these observations for understanding vector competence is discussed.
Ethical Issues in Patient-Centered Outcomes Research and Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Pilot Study of Community Dialogue

Community bioethics dialogues were held on the topic of patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) and comparative effectiveness research (CER). Participants were 65 and older and represented either a lower income, African American group (A) or a higher income White group (B). Participants were presented with a variety of background reading and study materials. Meetings were held 2 hr per week for 6 weeks. The groups showed both independence in judgment from the investigators and diversity of opinion between the two groups. Group B addressed more topics than Group A and in some instances explored additional policy nuances. Members of Group A appeared more cognizant of issues of social justice that affect vulnerable populations and appeared leery of approaches that suggested possible disrespect for their own personal experiences. Future plans call for both repeating the dialogue with additional, diverse community groups and repeating community bioethics dialogues on new topics with the same groups.
Fast incremental circuit analysis using extracted hierarchy

The authors present an algorithm for extracting a two-level subnetwork hierarchy from flat netlists and its application to incremental circuit analysis in the COSMOS compiled switch-level simulator. Incremental operation is achieved by using the file system as a large hash table that retains information over many executions of the incremental analyzer. The hierarchy extraction algorithm computes a hash signature for each subnetwork by coloring vertices in a manner similar to wirelist-comparison programs, then identifies duplicates using standard hash-table techniques. Its application decreases the network preprocessing time for COSMOS by nearly an order of magnitude. >
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: estimated incidence of disease, nodal metastasis, and deaths from disease in the United States, 2012.

Background It is estimated that over 700,000 new cases of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) are diagnosed annually in the United States. However, CSCC has been excluded from national cancer registries. Thus the precise incidence of CSCC, along with metastases and deaths resulting from it, is unknown. Objective We sought to estimate the 2012 incidence of invasive (non-in situ) CSCC and the number of nodal metastases and deaths arising from it in the US white population. Methods US studies reporting incidence of CSCC, or the number of nodal metastases or deaths arising from it, were reviewed. Linear regression was used to estimate current CSCC incidence based on available incidence data adjusting for higher reported incidences in southern versus northern/central United States. Reported risks of nodal metastases and death from CSCC were averaged. Averages were used to estimate current metastasis and death rates based on incidence estimates. The number of estimated CSCC deaths was compared against deaths from other cancers. Results It is estimated that 186,157 to 419,543 whites were given a diagnosis of CSCC, 5604 to 12,572 developed nodal metastasis, and 3932 to 8791 died from CSCC in the United States in 2012. Limitations The estimates of the 2012 incidence, nodal metastasis, and death from invasive CSCC are based on previous estimates of incidence and outcomes of CSCC. Conclusion CSCC is an underrecognized health issue. In the central and southern United States, deaths from CSCC may be as common as deaths from renal and oropharyngeal carcinomas, and melanoma. Population-based studies reporting CSCC incidence and outcomes are required to verify these estimates.
Framing and Feedback in Social Dilemmas with Partners and Strangers

We study framing effects in repeated social dilemmas by comparing payoff-equivalent Give- and Take-framed public goods games under varying matching mechanisms (Partners or Strangers) and levels of feedback (Aggregate or Individual). In the Give-framed game, players contribute to a public good, while in the Take-framed game, players take from an existing public good. The results show Take framing and Individual-level feedback lead to more extreme behavior (free-riding and full cooperation), especially for Partners. These results suggest Take framing and Individual-level feedback increase the variability of cooperation.
Local-regional recurrence with and without radiation therapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and mastectomy for clinically staged T3N0 breast cancer.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine local-regional recurrence (LRR) risk according to whether postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) was used to treat breast cancer patients with clinical T3N0 disease who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and mastectomy. Methodsand Materials Clinicopathology data from 162 patients with clinical T3N0 breast cancer who received NAC and underwent mastectomy were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 119 patients received PMRT, and 43 patients did not. The median number of axillary lymph nodes (LNs) dissected was 15. Actuarial rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results At a median follow-up of 75 months, 15 of 162 patients developed LRR. For all patients, the 5-year LRR rate was 9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4%-14%). The 5-year LRR rate for those who received PMRT was 4% (95% CI, 1%-9%) vs. 24% (95% CI, 10%-39%) for those who did not receive PMRT ( p p Conclusions Breast cancer patients with clinical T3N0 disease treated with NAC and mastectomy but without PMRT had a significant risk of LRR, even when there was no pathologic evidence of LN involvement present after NAC. PMRT was effective in reducing the LRR rate. We suggest PMRT should be considered for patients with clinical T3N0 disease.
Role of Peroxynitrite in the Development of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Approximately 50% of patients with diabetes (DM) will eventually develop neuropathy. Large-scale studies have demonstrated that the regulation of blood glucose levels aids in the prevention and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), but glycemic control does not impact established neuropathy or its severity (1). Causative factors also include microvascular insufficiency, defective neurotrophism, abnormal lipid metabolism, and oxidative and nitrosative stress (2). A key component of nitrosative stress, nitrotyrosine (NT), has multiple cytotoxic effects. Accumulation of NT has been identified in several neural structures in both rodents and humans (3), reflected by raised NT concentrations in the plasma of subjects with DM (4). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between NT concentrations with the presence and severity of possible/probable (PP-DM-DPN) and established (DM-DPN) neuropathy in subjects with DM compared with healthy control subjects …
TRANSMISSION OF MYELOID LEUKEMIA OF MICE : ITS RELATION TO MYELOMA

A transmissible strain of myeloid leukemia of mice is described. It can be readily passed from diseased to healthy mice by the transfer of tissues that contain live cells; but inoculation fails when the latter are not present. Inoculation is successful in almost every mouse whose resistance is lowered by X-rays. It is often successful in mice related to the animal in which the spontaneous leukemia took its origin, and occasionally successful in mice unrelated to it. The systemic diffuse disease (myeloid leukemia) is produced only by intravenous inoculation with relatively large doses, whereas subcutaneous or intraperitoneal inoculation results in the formation of tumors composed of myelocytes with basophile granules, in other words malignant blood cells of the strain described. Intravenous inoculation with small doses in susceptible mice, or similar inoculation with larger doses in somewhat resistant mice, results in the formation of tumors composed of myelocytes (multiple myeloma).
A hedonic analysis of the impact of LUST sites on house prices

Abstract Petroleum from leaking underground storage tanks (LUSTs) can contaminate local soil and surface and groundwater. This can pose health risks to the surrounding population. Focusing on single family home sales from 1996 to 2007 in three Maryland Counties, we use a hedonic house price model and a difference–in-difference approach to estimate the willingness to pay to clean up the LUST sites. Particular attention is given to how property values are affected by leak and cleanup activity at a LUST site, the severity of contamination, the presence of a primary exposure pathway (i.e., private groundwater wells), and publicity surrounding a LUST site. The results suggest that although the typical LUST may not significantly affect nearby property values, more publicized (and more severe) sites can decrease surrounding home values by more than 10%.
Airborne nanoparticle exposures associated with the manual handling of nanoalumina and nanosilver in fume hoods

Manual handling of nanoparticles is a fundamental task of most nanomaterial research; such handling may expose workers to ultrafine or nanoparticles. Recent studies confirm that exposures to ultrafine or nanoparticles produce adverse inflammatory responses in rodent lungs and such particles may translocate to other areas of the body, including the brain. An important method for protecting workers handling nanoparticles from exposure to airborne nanoparticles is the laboratory fume hood. Such hoods rely on the proper face velocity for optimum performance. In addition, several other hood design and operating factors can affect worker exposure. Handling experiments were performed to measure airborne particle concentration while handling nanoparticles in three fume hoods located in different buildings under a range of operating conditions. Nanoalumina and nanosilver were selected to perform handling experiments in the fume hoods. Air samples were also collected on polycarbonate membrane filters and particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Handling tasks included transferring particles from beaker to beaker by spatula and by pouring. Measurement locations were the room background, the researcher’s breathing zone and upstream and downstream from the handling location. Variable factors studied included hood design, transfer method, face velocity/sash location and material types. Airborne particle concentrations measured at breathing zone locations were analyzed to characterize exposure level. Statistics were used to test the correlation between data. The test results found that the handling of dry powders consisting of nano-sized particles inside laboratory fume hoods can result in a significant release of airborne nanoparticles from the fume hood into the laboratory environment and the researcher’s breathing zone. Many variables were found to affect the extent of particle release including hood design, hood operation (sash height, face velocity), work practices, type and quantity of the material being handled, room conditions, and the adequacy of the room exhaust.
ELASTASE INHIBITOR Characterization of the Human Elastase Inhibitor Molecule Associated with Monocytes, Macrophages, and Neutrophils

A fast-acting inhibitor of serine elastase has been detected at high levels in human neutrophils, fresh monocytes, matured monocytes, and macrophages. The elastase inhibitor was isolated from large scale cultures of the monocyte-like cell line U937 by DNase chromatography, disulfide exchange, Phenyl-Sepharose, Red A-agarose, and DEAE HPLC chromatography with an average yield of 480 micrograms from 1.8 x 10(10) cells. The isolated polypeptide was verified as elastase inhibitor by its ability to (a) form a covalent complex with elastase; and (b) inhibit the elastinolytic activity of elastase. The purified elastase inhibitor molecule is unique, i.e., physiochemical and/or functional properties distinguish it from all other serine proteinase inhibitors. Treatment with iodoacetamide abrogates the ability of the molecule to form a complex with elastase, thereby providing evidence for the presence of an essential cysteine residue. Based on functional criteria, this elastase inhibitor has been grouped with the proteinase inhibitors of the serpin superfamily. The purified elastase inhibitor is a single polypeptide of Mr approximately 42,000. The NH2 terminus appears to be blocked. Compositional analyses indicates five cysteine residues per molecule of approximately 360 amino acid residues. Negligible levels of carbohydrate were detected on gas-liquid chromatography. This finding and the insensitivity of the molecule to peptide N-glycosidase F treatment strongly indicate that the elastase inhibitor is a nonglycosylated protein.
Electromyography and Metabolic Myopathies

Investigators at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, report the sensitivity and specificity of the pediatric EMG in the diagnosis of myopathic disorders in patients <18 years referred between 2009 and 2013.
Expenditures for Public Elementary and Secondary Education in Counties Classified by the Relative Poverty Status of Their Rural Populations

T HERE is an apparent consensus throughout the country-a consensus encompassing factions and persons agreeing on little else-that education is a major requirement for enhancing the well-being of the nation in general and for breaking the poverty cycle for the young in particular. All areas of the United States have, of course, some type of public education. It is, however, common knowledge that the quality of education available varies dramatically among areas. For many years most state governments have had programs designed in some degree to equalize the educational opportunities available to children in the various local public school systems. More recently the federal government has undertaken to provide general financial assistance to local school jurisdictions. A substantial part of this aid has been specifically allocated to upgrade educational opportunities for children in families whose incomes place them unquestionably in the poverty category. The objectives of this paper are (1) to bring to light some facts concerning the relative quality of public elementary and secondary education available to rural children in local areas classified according to the relative poverty status of their rural populations, (2) to indicate sources of school revenue for local areas thus classified, and (3) to consider briefly the role of state equalization programs and the Federal Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 in ameliorating the problems of relative quality that may exist. It is believed that information such as this will be helpful in educational programs and policy development and evaluation at local, state, and national levels. The measure of educational quality available is current operating expenditure per child in average daily attendance. Capital and debt service expenditures are excluded. This measure is admittedly not ideal. It is believed, however, that indications derived from its use would prove consistent with those arising from use of a more ideal measure of quality. In order to classify local jurisdictions with respect to the relative poverty status of their rural populations, all United States counties having some rural population have been ranked according to an equally weighted composite of the following five factors: (1) percentage of rural families
Tissue Pressure in Ischemic Brain Edema

Very early after an ischemic insult to the brain, edema develops3. Ischemic edema, according to Klatzo, results from a combination of insults which develop sequentially. Initially, the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) to macromolecules is not damaged and water accumulates in the intracellular compartment, which expands, while the extracellular space is reduced. Hours to days after the ischemic insult, vasogenic edema develops. If time influences the evolution of edema, then the decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) triggers its formation. A disturbance of water homeostasis with cellular swelling, seems to occur in the baboon3 and gerbil2 cortex when rCBF falls below 19–20 ml/100 g/min. When the decrease in flow is more severe, more water accumulates in the brain tissue . From this perspective we regard edema as an expression of the ischemic damage. However, as suggested by Hossmann and Schuier , when edema forms in an ischemic area the damage becomes progressive and rCBF falls further as edema develops.
Development of a Toxic Bait for Control of Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

Studies were conducted to develop an optimal toxic bait for control of pest mole crickets in Florida using adult female Scapteriscus acletus Rehn & Hebard as a model species. Feeding stimulants, carriers, toxicants, and application rates were investigated. Laboratory studies determined that crude cottonseed oil or refined soybean oil, in combination with sucrose, were two of the most effective feeding stimulants tested. Other materials found stimulating included Coax (commercial feeding stimulant), brewer’s concentrate (brewery by-product), malt extract, sucrose, glucose, maltose, honey, and wheat germ oil. Molasses and amyl acetate, though presently utilized as bait adjuvants, did not enhance bait consumption. Laying mash and finely cracked corn were the most acceptable bait carriers evaluated. In toxicity trials with malathion bait formulations, a 4% bait was more efficacious than the 2% bait presently recommended. A malathion 4% bait formulated from crude cottonseed oil (5%) and sucrose (10%) on a laying-mash carrier was significantly more efficacious than several commercial bait formulations in small-scale field trials. There was no significant difference in efficacy at rates of 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg (AI)/ha, indicating that substantial reductions (50–75%) in the use of malathion could be made compared with current label rates (1.12–2.24 kg [AI]/ha). Control by baiting may be achieved for $40.00/ha for commercial treatments.
Stage of the art - Aerospace batteries

Growth in the size of satellites, commercialization of space, and severe cost constraints are leading to careful scrutiny of all satellite components. Since batteries may be 10% of satellite weight and they do not directly produce revenue, improvements are needed. Nickel Hydrogen (NiH2) has replaced Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) as the satellite battery of choice in Geosynchronous (GEO) orbit and is rapidly making inroads into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) applications because of higher useful specific energy density and longer life. Improvements in NiCd electrode and separator technology are allowing this technology to remain competitive on smaller satellites. Improvements to NiH2 designs by reducing electrolyte concentration, combining multiple cells within a single pressure vessel, reducing positive electrode support structure weight, and using novel battery building techniques may double specific energy from the present 50 Wh/kg within 5 yr. Challengers to the existing satellite batteries are sodium sulfur (NaS) and lithium ion (Lilon) systems that promise 100 Wh/kg or more. With the strong commercial push for Lilon, work on NaS has slowed. Launch vehicle batteries have been primarily silver zinc (AgZn) for the past 40 yr. The first lithium thionyl chloride (LiSOCl2) battery to be used in place of AgZn successfully flew on the Centaur upper stage in May 1995. There was a better than 30% weight savings that enabled better launch vehicle performance.
Sampling Methods and Spatial Distribution Patterns for Threecornered Alfalfa Hopper Nymphs (Homoptera: Membracidae) on Soybean

Estimates of Spissistilus festtnus (Say) nymphal populations in soybean by ground-cloth, ground-cloth plus plant-base inspection, and whole-plant inspection methods were compared with absolute estimates obtained by bagging plants. Spatial distribution patterns were described by Taylor’s power law for each sampling method. Whole-plant inspection was the most suitable method because of the high fidelity of its population estimates to absolute estimates and the absence of marked age-class bias. Both ground-cloth methods exhibited severe age-class bias, detecting late instars much more effectively than early instars, and gave lower population density estimates than the other methods. The value of the groundcloth methods as research sampling tools for S. festinus nymphs is questionable. Parameters for Taylor’s power law were influenced by sampling method, sample size, and instar. Wholeplant inspection yielded parameter estimates that were most readily interpretable in light of previously reported aspects of S. festtnus . biology.
Study of Backscattering Coefficients from Soybean Canopy by Combining Branch Model and Antenna Array Theory

A new method is proposed for studying the polarimetric backscattering coefficients from a soybean canopy. This method combines the branch model, which emphasizes the significance of vegetation architecture and coherent effect, and the CP-PACT model, which adopts antenna array concept to account for the inter-scatterer interaction, an appropriate technique to be applied to agricultural crops like soybean where semi-periodic plant arrangement is the norm of agricultural practice. Moreover, in relating the Eulerian angles that describe the orientation of an axissymmetric scatterer to the elation and azimuth angles of the spherical coordinate system, the new association suggested in this study makes more physical sense. The effectiveness of this proposed method is validated by good agreement between the predicted backscattering coefficients and measurement data.
Analysis of influenza monitoring in Maanshan from 2010-2011

Objectives To determine the incidence and regularity of influenza outbreaks in Maanshan and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of influenza.Methods Data on influenza-like illness(ILI) were collected from surveillance hospitals and some ILI nasopharyngeal specimens were collected.Nucleic acids of the influenza virus were detected with real-time PCR.Results From 2010 to 2011,13 151 cases of ILI were reported.The rate of influenza-like illness in outpatients was 4.79%.In total,3 185 nasopharyngeal specimens of ILI were collected,and 486 tested positive for nucleic acids of the influenza virus at a rate of 15.26%.Of the positive specimens,47 had H1N1 subtype influenza A virus,119 had H3N2,and 320 had influenza B virus.Conclusion From 2010-2011,influenza peaked in the winter-spring and the summer of each year,and the influenza B virus was mainly responsible for outbreaks.Monitoring of influenza warrants greater attention.
Influence of Hydrophobic Cleaning Detergent on External Insulation of Electrical Equipment

A new type of hydrophobic cleaning detergent is introduced to not only completely clean the polluted aging silicone rubber's surface,but also to form a hydrophobic protective film that increases resistance of the whole facility.The influence of polluted aging on composite insulator's hydrophobicity and resistance is observed.And the effects of the detergents on cleaning,hydrophobicity improving and resistance recovery are analyzed theoretically and experimentally.Preliminary results show that polluted aging seriously worsens the composite insulator`s insulation performance,and the introduced material has a much better cleaning ability than ethanol.It is also proved that the remained protective film increases hydrophobicity and resistance of the insulator,by which an optional method for insulation detection in humid environment is provided.
Cultivar Evaluation and Lipid and Protein Contents of Virginia-grown Edamame

Few studies have compared the growth and yield of commercial edamame (Glycine max) cultivars in the mid-Atlantic United States. This study determined yield potential, yield components, and lipid and protein contents of five edamame cultivars [BeSweet 292 (BS292), BeSweet 2015 (BS2015), BeSweet 2001 (BS2001), Midori Giant (MG), and Sunrise (SR)] grown in Painter, VA, during 2008 and 2009. Pod yield ranged between 5002 and 7521 lb/acre. There were no differences in total yield among ‘MG’, ‘BS292’, or ‘SR’. ‘BS2015’ had the lowest yield, while the yield of ‘BS2001’ was not different from other cultivars tested. Percent marketable pods ranged from 74.3% to 85.6%, with no differences among cultivars. ‘SR’ had the greatest average seed weight in 2008 and ‘BS2001’ had the smallest; intermediate was ‘MG’, ‘BS292’, and ‘BS2001’, although ‘MG’ was not different from ‘SR’. ‘MG’ had the greatest average seed weight in 2009; there were no differences among the remaining cultivars. The cultivar lipid content was numerically lower in 2009 than in 2008 for all five cultivars. ‘BS292’ and ‘BS2001’ had the least and greatest protein concentrations with 36.1% and 38.3% in 2008, respectively. In 2009, ‘MG’ and ‘SR’ had the least and greatest protein concentrations with 35.7% and 39.5%, respectively. Edamame appears to be a viable alternative crop for Virginia with yields similar to snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). ‘MG’, ‘BS292’, and ‘SR’ produced consistently high yields and quality and are viable cultivar choices for the mid-Atlantic United States.
Loss of chloride in the official method for the determination of sodium chloride in cereal foods.

The official final action method for sodium chloride in cereal foods, 14.129, was found to give erroneously low results because of loss of chloride during ashing. Comparison of the data with values obtained by the official first action potentiometric method, 32.A01-32.A06, which does not require ashing, showed that large and variable losses of chloride occurred. Official ashing methods for other foods specify addition of sodium carbonate to prevent conversion of chloride to volatile forms, but this was not specified in 14.129. In the present study it was found that sodium carbonate did not completely prevent loss of chloride. The official first action potentiometric method, 32.A01-32.A06, has been adopted as official first action for the determination of chloride in cereal foods to replace 14.129, which was repealed, official first action. A cross-reference to 32.A01-32.A06 has been added to 14.096.
Arsenic-Sulfur Amino Acid Interactions in the Chick

Experiments were conducted with growing crossbred chicks to determine the reasons why cysteine exacerbates roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid) toxicity. A fortified corn-soybean meal diet that met or exceeded all nutrient requirements of the young chick was fed. While cysteine enhanced roxarsone toxicity, it had little effect on the toxicity of the inorganic arsenicals As2O3 and As2O5. The toxicity of another pentavalent organic arsenical, phenylarsonic acid, was also exacerbated by cysteine. In contrast, the growth-depression resulting from feeding the trivalent form of phenylarsonic acid, i.e., phenylarsine oxide, was not affected by dietary addition of cysteine. Supplementation of the diet with cystine, methionine or K2SO4 did not exacerbate roxarsone toxicity. Reduced glutathione (GSH), however, slightly increased the gain/feed depression resulting from feeding 300 mg roxarsone/kg diet. When injected ip 1) roxarsone and cysteine, or 2) roxarsone and ascorbic acid killed 100 or 60% of the birds, respectively, within 48 h postinjection. Few (6.7%) deaths resulted from ip injections of the same level of roxarsone alone. Therefore, the potentiation of toxicity requires pentavalent organic arsenicals and compounds that can act as reducing agents. We concluded that cysteine exacerbates roxarsone toxicity by reducing it to the more toxic trivalent state.
Radical enlightenment: existential kantian cosmopolitan anarchism, with a concluding quasi-federalist postscript

The paper was presented as conference at the I Symposium of the Center for Contemporary Kantian Philosophy "Zeljko Loparic", held at the State University of Londrina, on October 17 and 18 in 2013. It is an original and thought-provoking contribution to the policy philosophy of kantian inspiration, which relies mainly on texts of Kant's moral philosophy that do not cover directly policy.
MARXISM AND OPEN ACCESS IN THE HUMANITIES: TURNING ACADEMIC LABOR AGAINST ITSELF

Open Access (OA) is the movement to make academic research available without charge, typically via digital networks. Like many cyberlibertarian causes OA is roundly celebrated by advocates from across the political spectrum. Yet like many of those causes, OA’s lack of clear grounding in an identifiable political framework means that it may well not only fail to serve the political goals of some of its supporters, and may in fact work against them. In particular, OA is difficult to reconcile with Marxist accounts of labor, and on its face appears not to advance but to actively mitigate against achievement of Marxist goals for the emancipation of labor. In part this stems from a widespread misunderstanding of Marx’s own attitude toward intellectual work, which to Marx was not categorically different from other forms of labor, though was in danger of becoming so precisely through the denial of the value of the end products of intellectual work. This dynamic is particularly visible in the humanities, where OA advocacy routinely includes disparagement of academic labor, and of the value produced by that labor.
A Review of U.S. Health Care Institution Protocols for the Identification and Treatment of Victims of Human Trafficking

The purpose of this study was to characterize and assess human-trafficking (HT) identification, treatment, and referral protocols of U.S. health care service provider institutions. A total of 30 pr...
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for the prognostic prediction of severe enterovirus 71-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease

Summary Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) can predict impending brainstem encephalitis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary failure, and death in children with severe enterovirus 71 (EV71)-associated hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods Plasma NT-proBNP levels of 282 children with severe EV71-associated HFMD were measured. Results NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in patients with elevated blood glucose (>7.8 mmol/l) and increased white blood cell counts (>14×10 9 /l). HFMD patients who had no complications had significantly lower NT-proBNP values than patients who died or had complications ( p p Conclusions NT-proBNP levels may be able to predict complications and mortality in children with severe EV71-associated HFMD disease in the intensive care unit. Serum NT-proBNP values ≥1300pg/ml on admission could be indicative of circulatory failure and increased mortality.
Introduction: The Southern Commercial Forest Research Cooperative

Coordinated research programs are a relatively new approach to organizing and conducting research in the forestry community. Disciplines such as engineering, aeronautics, medicine, and others have cultivated a programmatic approach to addressing broad-scale, complicated topics, but such an approach has been the exception in forestry. Instead, the approach has emphasized funding individual research projects, organized under topical areas. This has been the primary method of addressing research. Much more funding has been allocated to understanding the function of the parts and relating them to the whole or understanding one aspect of the whole, such as hydrology, physiology, or biochemistry.
Description of nuclear collective motions in terms of the boson expansion technique: (II). Additional formulation and numerical calculations

Abstract A formulation of the boson expansion technique given in our previous publication has been developed further by adding the contributions of the quadrupole-pairing interaction and the coupling between the collective and noncollective modes of excitations. Based on this formalism numerical calculations were carried out to describe the properties of a number of collective nuclei found in various regions of the periodic table. In general, very good agreement with experiment was obtained both for vibrational and rotational nuclei. Comparison with earlier theoretical work is also made.
Reorganization from the Point of View of the Individual Farm

The papers which have been presented on today's program have had to do, for the most part, with collective analysis, that is, with a consideration of mass data with reference to the organization and operation of farms. In this one we turn from this collective aspect to a scanning of the problem from the individual farmer's point of view. Although research is generally understood to be directed toward the making of generalizations from a consideration of quantitative analysis based on considerable arrays of data, nevertheless it would seem that the term research, or investigation, as applied here is most appropriate. For, as put in the title assigned to me, it is the point of view to be maintained and the objective toward which we are to work, which it is my task to analyze and present. I am to propose a sort of problem method of attack on the very real and concrete problems involved in an effort to work toward the establishment of a higher and more efficient type of farm economy.
Associations between social control, motivation, and exercise: How romantic partners influence exercise during young adulthood.

This study investigated whether positive and negative romantic partner social control attempts (persuasion and pressure, respectively) were related to approach-avoidance motives and exercise among young adults (N = 98), using daily reports. Daily persuasion was linked to higher daily approach motives. At the person level, persuasion was associated with higher approach and avoidance motives in addition to more frequent, longer exercise. Pressure was associated with higher daily relationship stress, which was associated with higher daily avoidance motives. At the person level, pressure was related to less frequent, shorter exercise. Thus, romantic partners' social control use correlates with exercise motives and behavior.
Ecologically Sustainable Communities: Place-Based and Purpose-Based Connections

We are rapidly using up the world’s finite resources. Unlimited economic growth, which has become on icon of the modern world, driven by our passion for acquisition and consumption, is resulting in the world’s inability to sustain its natural assets. As a generation, we have inherited the accumulated resources of our planet, but once we have satisfied our basic needs, there is no level of material comfort at which we experience continuing fulfillment. We have chosen to pursue short-term individual self-interests over the long-term collective interests of the common good.
Patterns and Predictors of Depression Treatment among Stroke Survivors with Depression in Ambulatory Settings in the United States.

Goal Despite the importance of treating depression, little is known regarding the current practice pattern of depression treatment among older adults with stroke and depression. We used national survey data from ambulatory settings to examine the depression treatment patterns and predictors among stroke survivors in the United States (US). Materials and Methods We used a cross-sectional study design by pooling multiple-year data (2005-2011) from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the outpatient department of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Older adults (age ≥50 years) with stroke and depression constituted the final study sample. Depression treatment defined as antidepressant use with or without psychotherapy was the dependent variable in this study. All analyses adjusted for the complex survey design of the datasets to obtain nationally representative estimates. Findings The overall depression treatment was observed in 47.32% of the study sample, mainly driven by antidepressant use alone. An overwhelming majority used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (77% of overall antidepressant use), and sertraline was the most prescribed antidepressant (30.5% of overall antidepressant use). Gender, race or ethnicity, region of residence, number of medications recorded at the sampled visit, and number of chronic conditions were significantly associated with depression treatment. Conclusion According to this nationally representative sample, approximately 1 in 2 stroke survivors with depression received depression treatment in ambulatory care settings in the US. Appropriate interventions should be developed to optimize depression treatment.
Buoyant Gravity Currents Released from Tropical Instability Waves

AbstractTwo extremely sharp fronts with changes in sea surface temperature >0.4°C over lateral distances of ~1 m were observed in the equatorial Pacific at 0°, 140°W and at 0.75°N, 110°W. In both c...
Low Power Flip-Flop and Clock Network Design Methodologies in High-Performance System-on-a-Chip

In many VLSI (very large scale integration) chips, the power dissipation of the clocking system that includes clock distribution network and flip-flops is often the largest portion of total chip power consumption. In the near future, this portion is likely to dominate total chip power consumption due to higher clock frequency and deeper pipeline design trend. Thus it is important to reduce power consumptions in both the clock tree and flip-flops. Traditionally, two approaches have been used: 1) to reduce power consumption in the clock tree, several low-swing clock flip-flops and double-edge flip-flops have been introduced; 2) to reduce power consumption in flip-flops, conditional capture, clock-on-demand, data-transition look-ahead techniques have been developed. In this chapter these flip-flops are described with their pros and cons. Then, a circuit technique that integrates these two approaches is described along with simulation results. Finally, clock gating and logic embedding techniques are explained as powerful power saving techniques, followed by a low-power clock buffer design.
AGING AND DECISION MAKING: THE ROLE OF COGNITION, AFFECT, AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS

The present symposium considers strengths and vulnerabilities of aging decision-makers across a range of decision domains and paradigms with particular emphasis on the role of task context and decision framing. Wilson and Strough examined age differences in preferences for sequences of monetary gains and losses. Age was associated with a preference for receiving larger gains (but not losses) first and age differences in financial literacy (but not financial experience) contributed to this effect. Chong, Lam, Karnilowicz, Mauss and Loeckenhoff studied age differences in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task. Older adults gained fewer points due to reduced willingness to pump and worse discrimination among balloons of different capacity. The potential role of physiological reactivity will be discussed. Nolte, Loeckenhoff, and Reyna compared the role of information type (gist vs. verbatim) and information valence (positive vs. negative) on pre-decisional information seeking in health and real-estate choices. Age was associated with a preference for gist information, whereas preferences for positive content varied across decision domains but did not differ by age. Mikels, Young, Shuster, Liu, and Stine-Morrow examined the influence of message framing on older adults’ willingness to sign up for an exercise program. They found that gain-framed messages had an indirect influence on interest and enrollment that was mediated by positive affect. In combination, these presentations highlight the importance of moving beyond main effects of age on decision making and consider underlying mechanisms that may interact in complex ways with task characteristics and context.
Work Environment and

Using data from the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates and a sample of Harvard alumnae, we study the relationship between work environment and the labor force participation of mothers. We first document a large variation in labor force participation rates across high-education fields. Mindful of the possibility of systematic patterns in the types of women who complete different graduate degrees, we use the rich information available in each dataset, and the longitudinal nature of the Harvard data, to assess the extent to which these labor supply patterns may reflect variation in the difficulty of combining work with family. While it is difficult to entirely rule out systematic sorting, our evidence suggests that non-family-friendly work environments "push" women out of the labor force at motherhood.
“There's Nothing Holding Us Back”: The Enduring and Shifting Cultural Outlooks of Inner City Second‐Generation Latinos

I advance knowledge on the cultural outlooks of inner city second–generation Latinos, specifically their views about getting ahead. I draw on a longitudinal study of 42 young men transitioning to a...
Bridging finite element and machine learning modeling: stress prediction of arterial walls in atherosclerosis.

Finite element and machine learning modeling are two predictive paradigms that have rarely been bridged. In this study, we develop a parametric model to generate arterial geometries and accumulate a database of over 12,000 finite element simulations of mechanical behaviour and stress distribution in these arterial models representative of atherosclerotic plaques. We formulate the training data to predict the maximum von Mises stress which could indicate risk of plaque rupture. Trained deep learning models are able to accurately predict the max von Mises stress within 9.86% error on a held-out test set. The deep neural networks outperform alternative prediction models and performance scales with amount of training data. Lastly, we examine the importance of attributing features on stress value and location prediction to gain intuitions on the underlying process. Moreover, deep neural networks can capture the functional mapping described by the finite element method which has far-reaching implications for real-time and multi-scale prediction tasks in biomechanics.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Progression and Metastasis

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversed process, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), are fundamental processes in embryonic development and tissue repair but confer malignant properties to carcinoma cells, including invasive behavior, cancer stem cell activity, and greater resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding the molecular and cellular basis of EMT provides fundamental insights into the etiology of cancer and may, in the long run, lead to new therapeutic strategies. Here, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms and pathological roles of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity, with a focus on recent insights into the complexity and dynamics of this phenomenon in cancer.
Modeling Line-of-Sight Terahertz Channels using Convex Lenses

The terahertz band (0.1&#x2013;10 THz) has a great deal of unused spectrum that could satisfy the ever-increasing demand for wireless communications. However, as a first step in realizing this goal, we need to understand how terahertz signals behave in indoor environments. In this study, we present broadband channel measurements of the 0.1 to 2 THz band using convex lenses at the transmitter and collimating lenses at the receiver. The convex lens provides coverage over an indoor region while a collimating lens at the receiver maximizes signal strength. The measurements are based on Line-Of-Sight (LOS) since reflected signals in this frequency band are absent. Applying geometric analysis, we propose a path loss model which matches our measurements well.
Proposed SKOS extensions for bioportal terminology services

The National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO) BioPortal provides common access for browsing and querying a large set of ontologies that are commonly used in biomedical communities. One of our missions is to align lexical features (i.e., textual definitions) that are commonly used in these ontologies across different representation formats with standard tags and to represent them in a standard way to the users. The Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) is a recommendation of the World-Wide-Web Consortium (W3C) for a common data model for sharing and linking knowledge organization systems on the Semantic Web. The BioPortal is in the process of adopting SKOS in the backend representation for its content. During this process, we discovered that there exists a set of commonly-used lexical features shared by the biomedical ontologies that SKOS does not yet represent. In this paper, we discuss our proposed SKOS extensions to cover this set of commonly used lexical features, the rationales, and the detailed description of each proposed construct.
What makes an optimum selective emitter for an efficient thermophotovoltaic system

Thermophotovoltaic conversion is a promising solid-state heat-to-electricity conversion technology. However, its current efficiency is poor. Optimizing the properties of selective thermal emitter is the key to higher efficiency and our analysis shows that 70% of Carnot efficiency is achievable by an optimum emitter design.