cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-controlled luminescence quenching in metal-organic frameworks.

Diffusion-controlled luminescence quenching of a phosphorescent metal−organic framework built from the Ru(bpy)32+-derived bridging ligand (MOF-1) was studied using a series of amines of different sizes as quenchers. The dynamics of amine diffusion into solvent-filled MOF-1 channels was probed by modeling time-dependent luminescence quenching data, which provide quantitative diffusion coefficients for the amine quenchers. Triethylamine, tripropylamine, and tributylamine were found to follow Fickian diffusion with a diffusivity of (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10−13, (4.8 ± 1.2) × 10−14, and (4.0 ± 0.4) × 10−14 m2/s, respectively. Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), on the other hand, was found to be too large to enter the MOF channels. Despite its size, 4-MeOPhNPh2 can enter the MOF channels via a slow, complicated framework/guest intercalation process to result in extensive framework distortion as revealed by powder X-ray diffraction. This work represents the first quantitative study of the dynamics of molecular diffusion int...
Ethanol inhibits insulin receptor substrate-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin-stimulated neuronal thread protein gene expression.

Abstract Neuronal thread proteins (NTPs) are molecules that accumulate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, and may play a key role in both normal and neurodegenerative neuritic sprouting. In this investigation we determined whether NTP expression is up-regulated by insulin, an important neurotrophic factor that stimulates differentiation-associated neurite outgrowth, and studied the effects of ethanol, a known inhibitor of growth factor receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, on NTP expression and insulin-mediated signal transduction cascade in neuronal [primitive neuroectodermal tumour cell line 2; (PNET2)] cells. PNET2 cells were treated with 50 m-units/ml insulin in the presence or absence of 100 mM ethanol for 0.2-96 h, and cell proliferation and expression of NTP molecules were investigated by metabolic labelling, immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical staining. Insulin stimulation resulted in an immediate increase in the levels of three (38, 18 and 15 kDa) of five NTP species (the others were of 26 and 21 kDa), followed by a decline in expression within 120 min; however, studies performed up to 96 h of culture demonstrated up-regulation by insulin of all five NTP species. Ethanol either abolished or severely muted the short- and long-term insulin-mediated upregulation of NTP expression, and substantially reduced insulin-mediated neuronal differentiation. The effects of ethanol on NTP gene expression were associated with impaired insulin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of both the insulin receptor beta subunit and the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), resulting in decreased association of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase with IRS-1. The findings suggest that ethanol may inhibit NTP expression associated with central nervous system neuronal differentiation by uncoupling the IRS-1-mediated insulin signal transduction pathway.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION ON GERMICIDAL EFFICACY AND TOXICITY OF A STABLE CHLORINE DIOXIDE DISINFECTANT

Objective To observe the germicidal efficacy and toxicity of a stable chlorine dioxide disinfectant.Methods Suspension quantitative germicidal test and animal toxicity test methods were used to carry out experimental study.Results The average killing logarithm values of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in suspension exposed to the disinfectant solution containing chlorine dioxide 29 mg/L for 2.5 min were 5.00;the average killing logarithm value of Candida albicans was 4.00.Wiping disinfection with the disinfectant solution containing chlorine dioxide 38 mg/L on the surface of table,counter,doors,and carts with a contact time of 5 min killed the natural bacteria by a logarithm value 1.29 in average.The mouse acute oral toxicity LD50 of the disinfectant at the concentration 5 times the applied concentration was greater than 20000 mg/kg·bw.Mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocyte micronucleus test was negative.Conclusions The stable chlorine dioxide disinfectant has good germicidal efficacy,and is actually non-toxic.
Current Status and Development of Thermoelectric Materials

Thermoelectric materials,as one of the functional materials for energy conversion,have recently attracted much attention,in the face of the impending problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution.The current research status of traditional and advanced thermoelectric materials is briefly described in this paper.The ther- moelectric capabilities,usage areas of various thermoelectric materials and their perspectives for practical application are outlined.
Cost-effective electric vehicle charging infrastructure siting for Delhi

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) represent a substantial opportunity for governments to reduce emissions of both air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The Government of India has set a goal of deploying 6–7 million hybrid and PEVs on Indian roads by the year 2020. The uptake of PEVs will depend on, among other factors like high cost, how effectively range anxiety is mitigated through the deployment of adequate electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) throughout a region. The Indian Government therefore views EVCS deployment as a central part of their electric mobility mission. The plug-in electric vehicle infrastructure (PEVI) model—an agent-based simulation modeling platform—was used to explore the cost-effective siting of EVCS throughout the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. At 1% penetration in the passenger car fleet, or ~10 000 battery electric vehicles (BEVs), charging services can be provided to drivers for an investment of $4.4 M (or $440/BEV) by siting 2764 chargers throughout the NCT of Delhi with an emphasis on the more densely populated and frequented regions of the city. The majority of chargers sited by this analysis were low power, Level 1 chargers, which have the added benefit of being simpler to deploy than higher power alternatives. The amount of public infrastructure needed depends on the access that drivers have to EVCS at home, with 83% more charging capacity required to provide the same level of service to a population of drivers without home chargers compared to a scenario with home chargers. Results also depend on the battery capacity of the BEVs adopted, with approximately 60% more charging capacity needed to achieve the same level of service when vehicles are assumed to have 57 km versus 96 km of range.
Cystic Fibrosis—A Challenging Long-Term Chronic Disease

Cystic fibrosis, the most frequently seen lethal genetic syndrome, is now increasingly being recognized as a heterogeneous condition. Following a discussion of the many recognizable abnormalities that may be involved in the condition, this article examines the diagnosis, treatment, psychosocial care, and prognosis of cystic fibrosis and encourages greater dialogue between the pediatrician and the mental health consultant.
Evaluation of the Oxoid BCET-RPLA Kit for the Detection of Bacillus cereus Diarrheal Enterotoxin as Compared to Cell Culture Cytotonicity.

The relationship between detection of heat-labile enterotoxin production by Bacillus cereus using the Oxoid BCET-RPLA kit and the production of a cytotonic response in HEp-2 and CHO cells was evaluated using 12 isolates. The strains were cultured in brain heart infusion + 0.1% glucose for 5 h at 37°C on a rotary shaker. Cell-free supernatants were prepared by filtration and tested using the two cell lines and the immunoassay. The primary biological response noted with the cell lines was cytotonicity, with the CHO cells being consistently more sensitive than the HEp-2 cells. While there was general agreement between the cell culture tests and the immunoassay, differences were noted for specific strains. Further, while activity in cell cultures was lost when cell-free supernatants were heated to 80°C for 5 min, the BCET-RPLA kits continued to detect significant levels of enterotoxin. The results suggest that confirmation of B. cereus enterotoxin using a suitable biological response may be warranted until ad...
From Resource to Topic: Some Aims of Conversation Analysis

(1988). From Resource to Topic: Some Aims of Conversation Analysis. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 11, Communication Yearbook 11, pp. 444-454.
Broadest Reasonable Interpretation and Appellate Review

In this essay, I examine the meaning of “broadest reasonable interpretation” along two dimensions: how it affects the Federal Circuit’s review of Patent Office claim constructions and what it seems to mean in substantive terms. Central to both is the term “reasonable.” How should that term be understood? Does it mean that the Federal Circuit grants deference to the Patent Office when reviewing its constructions, as some commentators describe and some opinions suggest? And, perhaps more importantly, what is a “broadest reasonable interpretation” and how does that fit into the process of claim construction generally? Here, I argue that regardless of one’s view on the historical nature of judicial review of Patent Office claim interpretation, any deference is inconsistent with the Federal Circuit’s use of a de novo standard when reviewing claim interpretations by the Patent Office (with the exception of findings of fact relating to extrinsic evidence). Second, I argue that the still-developing jurisprudence at the Federal Circuit is coalescing around a meaning of “broadest reasonable interpretation” that allows for the existence of multiple ordinary meanings and reads the intrinsic evidence with a certain degree of “looseness,” but which is still hesitant to embrace ambiguity within the application of the tools of claim construction.
Post-Emancipation St. Croix 1849–1878

This chapter examines the early post-emancipation period in Danish St. Croix and reveals the challenges the planters faced in their continuous attempt not only to save the sugar industry but also to control labor. While the planter class lost the control over labor and were forced to come to grips with a changing employer–worker situation in that they had to pay wages, they influenced the local government to seek alternative sources of labor. The planter class argued for contract labor to compensate for the unreliability of the existing labor force. They eventually brought in laborers from the surrounding Caribbean islands but they also experimented with one shipload of indentured Indians from the Indian subcontinent. The process was not straightforward. The planters had to negotiate and sign various agreements mainly to safeguard the laborers from planters’ abuse. In the end, about 321 indentured arrived on Danish St. Croix in 1863.
Zinc Deficiency and Dyslexia

An association between dyslexia and low concentrations of zinc in sweat has been demonstrated in a study of 26 children aged 6-14 yrs recruited from those attending the Dyslexia Institute, Staines, Middlesex, and the Hornsby Learning Centre, London.
Middle Cenozoic diachronous shift to eolian deposition in the central Rocky Mountains: Timing, provenance, and significance for paleoclimate, tectonics, and paleogeography

Eolian sedimentation was widespread in the Rocky Mountains (Rockies herein) during the middle and late Cenozoic. Although changes to eolian depositional environment have significance for tectonics, paleoclimate, and paleogeography, little is known regarding the timing of initiation and the provenance of these eolian sedimentary rocks in the Rockies. Here we study the timing of a transition to eolian depositional environments in the central Rockies and the adjacent Great Plains during the middle Cenozoic, and use sandstone petrography and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology to constrain the provenance of the eolian sedimentary rocks. Our samples have compositions of Qm44F27Lt29 (Qm is monocrystalline quartz, F is feldspar, and Lt is total lithics), Q47F27L26 (Q is total quartz, L is total non-quartzose lithics), and Qm64P28K8 (P is plagioclase and K is potassic feldspar), and zircon age populations of 17–44 , 45–218 Ma, 220–708 Ma, 948–1326 Ma, 1332–1816 Ma, and 1825–3314 Ma. The youngest zircon population was derived from distal volcanism in western and southwestern North America, and the other populations were derived directly from local Precambrian basements on Laramide ranges and recycled from Paleozoic–lower Cenozoic strata distributed along flanks of Laramide ranges and on the Sevier hinterland. The maximum depositional ages, based on the mean U-Pb ages of the youngest clusters of zircon grains, are generally consistent with the available ash radiometric dates for the latest Eocene–early Miocene samples, confirming that detrital zircon maximum depositional ages can be used to constrain depositional ages when ash beds or dateable minerals in ash beds were not present and when synchronous magmatic activity was intense. The occurrence of eolian deposition initiated during the latest Eocene–early Oligocene and became younger eastward, suggesting eastward progressive drying in the central Rockies. The diachronous drying may have resulted from the combined effect of renewed uplift of the Cordilleran hinterland and central Rockies during the late Eocene and global cooling at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. The provenance data presented here suggest that during the latest Eocene–early Oligocene, the westerlies and possibly the dry summer monsoon winds transported unlithified fluvial sediments and pyroclastic materials eastward and northeastward, and formed massive eolian deposits in the central Rockies and the adjacent Great Plains. The eolian sedimentation continued into the Miocene and largely blanketed the Precambrian basement cores on Laramide ranges. The unlithified Oligocene eolian sediments were further eroded and recycled into the latest Oligocene–Miocene eolian sedimentary rocks.
Role of proteasome-dependent protein degradation in long-term operant memory in Aplysia

We investigated the in vivo role of protein degradation during intermediate (ITM) and long-term memory (LTM) in Aplysia using an operant learning paradigm. The proteasome inhibitor MG-132 inhibited the induction and molecular consolidation of LTM with no effect on ITM. Remarkably, maintenance of steady-state protein levels through inhibition of protein synthesis using either anisomycin or rapamycin in conjunction with proteasome inhibition permitted the formation of robust 24 h LTM. Our studies suggest a primary role for proteasomal activity in facilitation of gene transcription for LTM and raise the possibility that synaptic mechanisms are sufficient to sustain 24 h memory.
Perceived eHealth Literacy and Information Behavior of Older Adults Enrolled in a Health Information Outreach Program

ABSTRACTIn collaboration with a public library system, faculty from a health sciences center library offered a series of courses for older adults based on the NIHSeniorHealth Toolkit for Trainers. A mixed-methods survey was offered to all program attendees during the training sessions. The survey assessed participants’ perceived eHealth literacy, which websites they searched for eHealth information, participants’ most/least trusted sources of health information, and if/what barriers exist for older adults when searching for eHealth information. Results from this pilot program indicate that participants believe access to eHealth resources is important and useful, but are unsure what online resources are available, how to find them, or how to evaluate their quality.
Fluorescence and Sensing Applications of Graphene Oxide and Graphene Quantum Dots: A Review

Graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are attractive fluorophores that are inexpensive, nontoxic, photostable, water-soluble, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. They find extensive applications in fluorescent biosensors and chemosensors, in which they serve as either fluorophores or quenchers. As fluorophores, they display tunable photoluminescence emission and the "giant red-edge effect". As quenchers, they exhibit a remarkable quenching efficiency through either electron transfer or Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process. In this review, the origin of fluorescence and the mechanism of excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescence of graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are discussed. Sensor design strategies based on graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots are presented. The applications of these sensors in health care, the environment, agriculture, and food safety are highlighted.
Growth and characterization of GaN/AlGaN heterostructures on GaN substrate templates

This contribution will present the structural and optoelectronic properties of GaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) on GaN/sapphire templates. The target parameters for the materials heterostructures have been modeled for utilization in Avalanche Photodiode Detector Structures (APD) operating in the near and deep UV region. Optical modeling has improved absorption within the heterojunction as well as maximized light trapping within the device. Electronic modeling has determined the optimal dopant concentrations for maximum impact ionization rate, as well as tolerance to defects and unintentional doping. This application will require advances in the defect densities, surface morphology, and interfaces. Surface morphological and structural properties of GaN/AlGaN heterostructures are analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The optoelectronic properties (phonon structures, free carrier concentrations, and carrier mobility) as well as layer thickness information, are determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy. A correlation of interfacial defects (type and concentration) with microscopic structural properties, surface morphology, and optoelectronic properties (free carrier concentration and high-frequency dielectric function) is discussed.
When Access Is Not Enough: Retaining Basic Writers at an Open-Admission University

The author describes the challenges of a four-year, open-admission institution where equality of access has not equaled equality of success for basic writers. While there is a good deal of scholarship on student departure by compositions and experts in student retention and persistence, some models of student departure and success offered by these scholars are inadequate; a more comprehensive approach that embraces the intellectual and social elements of student success is needed. This article argues that the field of basic writing must turn its critical gaze to issues surrounding the success, as well as access, of basic writers at four-year universities.
I Think, Therefore I Am: Usability and Security of Authentication Using Brainwaves

With the embedding of EEG (electro-encephalography) sensors in wireless headsets and other consumer electronics, authenticating users based on their brainwave signals has become a realistic possibility. We undertake an experimental study of the usability and performance of user authentication using consumer-grade EEG sensor technology. By choosing custom tasks and custom acceptance thresholds for each subject, we can achieve 99% authentication accuracy using single-channel EEG signals, which is on par with previous research employing multi-channel EEG signals using clinical-grade devices. In addition to the usability improvement offered by the single-channel dry-contact EEG sensor, we also study the usability of different classes of mental tasks. We find that subjects have little difficulty recalling chosen “pass-thoughts” (e.g., their previously selected song to sing in their mind). They also have different preferences for tasks based on the perceived difficulty and enjoyability of the tasks. These results can inform the design of authentication systems that guide users in choosing tasks that are both usable and secure.
Characterization of a potential marker of corneal epithelial stem cells.

Corneal epithelial stem cells are thought to be localized in the basal cell layer of the limbus. We developed a monoclonal antibody designated 4G10.3 that immunolocalized to limbal basal cells in rat corneas. Western blot analysis demonstrated that 4G10.3 reacted with a single band of 50,000 molecular weight in rat and rabbit corneal epithelium and 48,000-49,000 in human epithelium. Following extraction of corneal epithelium in 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 6.8) and ultracentrifugation at 100,000 X g, the 50-kD protein was detected in the soluble fraction. 4G10.3 also was used to examine the response of the limbal basal cells to epithelial debridement and thermal burn wounds in the rat. In unwounded control corneas, 40.8 ± 12.0 (mean ± standard deviation) cells per limbal area bound 4G10.3. Following a 3 mm debridement wound, the number of cells binding 4G10.3 increased to 77.0 ± 16.9 two days post-injury and returned to control levels by three days. Following thermal burn, 36.2 ± 11.2, 68.8 ± 15.8,85.4 ± 15.4,104.6 ± 13.8, and 88.0 ± 40.2 cells per limbal area bound 4G10.3 18 hours, and 1, 2,3, and 7 days post-injury, respectively. The 50 kD protein and 4G10.3 antibody provided a biochemical and immunological marker of limbal basal cells, hypothesized to be corneal epithelial stem cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:143-152,1992 Stratified squamous epithelium undergoes rapid and continuous cell turnover throughout adult life. Cell numbers are maintained through proliferation of a distinct subpopulation of stem cells. 1 These undergo unlimited self-replication 2 and are further characterized by slow cycling 3 and extensive proliferation in culture. 4
Software Usability as a Foundation for Human-Computer Interaction Design

This paper elaborates on the use of usability studies as a foundation in developing adaptive human-computer interaction (HCI) systems. The concepts of user-centered design that gravitate around user models and models of the user are applied. We demonstrate how a usability study outcome can be incorporated into the close-loop software life cycle design and analysis.
Diagnosis of cyber and non-physical bullying victimization: A lifestyles and routine activities theory approach to constructing effective preventative measures

Abstract Cyberbullying is a global phenomenon brought by the proliferation of digital technology and social networking sites (SNS). Defined as intentional and repeated harm via technology, cyberbullying has provided youth with another medium to experience bullying victimization. The purpose of this study is to examine both cyber and non-physical bullying victimization using Cohen, Kluegel, and Land's (1981) Lifestyles and Routine Activities Theory. Data were derived from the 2013 school crime supplement of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) for delineating the pattern of cyber and non-physical bullying victimization. This study indicates that cyber and non-physical bullying victimization have similarities and differences reflecting lifestyle and routine activity factors. Youth who had illicit access to alcohol and drugs, used alcohol or drugs at school, and had an affiliation with gang membership involving violence, were more likely to be exposed to potential offenders for both cyberbullying and non-physical bullying victimization. Moreover, while involvement in the performing arts made youth more vulnerable to victimization, youth who followed school rules and were given teacher care were less likely to be targeted. In closing, the study offers effective preventive measures against both cyber and non-physical youth bullying activities.
Total Dose and Single-Event Effects Testing of the Intersil ISL70321SEH Power Supply Sequencer

We report the results of total ionizing dose (TID) and destructive and nondestructive single-event effects (SEE) testing of the Intersil ISL70321SEH power supply sequencer together with a functional description of the part.
The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Continuous Enrollment: a Two-State Analysis.

Discontinuous Medicaid insurance erodes access to care, increases administrative costs, and exposes enrollees to substantial out-of-pocket spending. To assess the impact of Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act on continuity of Medicaid coverage among those enrolled prior to expansion. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we compared Colorado, a state that expanded Medicaid, to Utah, a nonexpansion state, before and after Medicaid expansion implementation. Adults ages 18–62 who were enrolled in Medicaid coverage in Colorado and Utah prior to expansion, from the Utah and Colorado All Payer Claims Databases, 2013–2015. The primary outcomes were the duration of Medicaid enrollment and rates of disrupted coverage. Following Medicaid expansion, enrollees in Colorado gained an additional 2 months of coverage over two years of follow-up and were 16 percentage points less likely to experience a coverage disruption in a given year relative to enrollees in Utah. Increasing Medicaid eligibility levels under the Affordable Care Act appears to be an effective strategy to reduce churning in the Medicaid program, with important implications for other states that are considering Medicaid expansion.
Arrest-Conviction Barriers of Narcotic Law Enforcement Officers:

To study the barriers of narcotic arrest-conviction rates, 255 narcotic officers were surveyed. It was argued that in-service training and advanced education among narcotic law enforcement officers...
A Latent Profile Analysis of Social Anxiety and Alcohol Use Among College Students

Abstract Background The social, normative nature of alcohol use may make college students with social anxiety vulnerable to problematic alcohol use. Yet, social anxiety is typically unrelated to drinking quantity or frequency. One potential explanation is that researchers primarily use a variable-centered approach to examine alcohol use among students with social anxiety, which assumes population homogeneity. Methods The current study utilized a person-centered approach to identify distinct classes among 674 college students (69.6% female) based on social anxiety characteristics and alcohol use behaviors, and tested how these classes differed in their experience of adverse outcomes. Results Latent profile analysis resulted in six distinct classes of students – two classes with low levels of social anxiety and non-problematic drinking behaviors that differed based on frequency of alcohol use, three classes with moderate levels of social anxiety that differed based on quantity, frequency, and extent of problematic drinking behaviors, and one class with high levels of social anxiety and low, frequent problematic drinking behaviors. Two classes – moderate levels of social anxiety and heavy, problematic drinking behaviors or high levels of social anxiety and light, problematic drinking behaviors – appeared to have riskier profiles due to endorsing more social anxiety-specific beliefs about social impressions while drinking and more emotional distress. Conclusions Current findings offer clarity surrounding the role of alcohol use in the association between social anxiety and problematic alcohol use. Although preliminary, findings demonstrate that comorbid social anxiety and alcohol use disorder symptoms appear to place students at greater risk for adverse outcomes.
A Tale of Two Systems: Testing a Positive and Negative Valence Systems Framework to Understand Social Disconnection Across Anxiety and Depressive Disorders

Abstract Background Social disconnection is a common and pernicious feature of anxiety and depressive disorders, yet is insufficiently addressed by our best available treatments. To better understand why people with anxiety and depression feel socially disconnected, we tested a positive and negative valence systems framework informed by research on how normative social connections develop and flourish. Method Individuals seeking treatment for anxiety or depression (N = 150) completed measures of perceived social connectedness, positive and negative valence temperament, social goals, affect, symptoms, and life satisfaction. Results Feeling less socially connected was associated with diminished life satisfaction, beyond clinical symptom severity. Regression analyses revealed that both diminished positive valence and heightened negative valence temperament, and their corresponding motivational and affective outputs, were significantly and uniquely (with no significant interaction between them) associated with lower perceived connectedness. Limitations Data was cross-sectional and based on self-report—limiting conclusions about causality and social disconnection processes at different units of analysis. Conclusions Understanding social disconnection through the lens of a positive and negative valence systems framework may inform transdiagnostic models and treatment approaches.
Evaluation of the substitution structures of two partially fluorinated cyclopentanes C5H3F7 and C5H2F8

Abstract The pure rotational spectra of the title compounds have been recorded and analyzed. For both species the spectra from all of the singly substituted carbon-13 isotopologues were observed in natural abundance. Ground state rotational constants together with the results of quantum chemical calculations have been used to investigate the ground state structures of each molecule. The substitution structures show carbon-carbon bond lengths which are clearly wrong. As a rationale for this finding it is proposed that the presence of very low frequency normal modes cause an isotopologue-dependent rovibrational interaction and, hence, differences between the ground state geometries of the parent isotopologues and those of the singly substituted carbon-13 rings. These differences preclude satisfactory substitution structural analyses.
Stevens Drone Detection Acoustic System and Experiments in Acoustics UAV Tracking

Concerns about improper use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also unmanned aerial systems or UAS) led to the development of various methods for their detection, tracking, and classification. One of the methods is using acoustics. Advantages of passive acoustics include the low cost of acoustic systems, finding of the Direction of Arrival (DOA) and localization by simple means; and classification of UAV sounds by acoustic signature. Stevens Institute of Technology has developed and built the Drone Acoustic Detection System (DADS) that can detect, track and classify UAVs based on the propeller noise. The system consists of three or more microphone nodes. The microphones in each node are arranged in a tetrahedron with configurable size. The microphone data is transferred over WiFi in real-time to a central computer, where it is processed. The Stevens DADS system was investigated in numerous field tests together with several other directional arrays including a 16-channel two-tier cross array, the OptiNav 40-microphone phased array, and parabolic and shot gun microphones. Multirotor UAVs of different sizes were employed in testing, including DJI models Phantom 4, M600 and S1000. The test results of the different systems were compared.
Generating a Testable Hypothesis and Underlying Principles of Clinical Trials

A well-designed and executed clinical trial can be one of the most powerful and definitive ways to assess the effectiveness and safety of an intervention(s). Thus, thorough knowledge of the underlying principles of clinical trials is required for any investigator choosing to embark on such an endeavor. This chapter will elaborate on three important aspects of clinical trial development: defining clinical trials, developing a research question, and generating a testable hypothesis.
Machine learning for point counting and segmentation of arenite in thin section

Abstract Thin sections provide geoscientists with a wealth of information about composition and diagenetic history of sedimentary rocks. From a practical perspective, the quantity of detrital clay minerals or percentage of porosity can play a large role in the quality of a reservoir. However, the quantitative analysis of thin sections often requires many hours of manual labor, which limits the number of samples a single person can analyze in a reasonable time frame. Here we apply a supervised machine-learning method that requires only traced grains as inputs, which eliminates the need for an expert to hand design input features. We also present a data-augmentation method to reduce the amount of tracing required. The traced grains form a multi-channel input that takes into account plane- and cross-polarized images, and a segmented image is output. Using a simplified grain categorization (quartz-feldspar-rock fragments-dense minerals) the statistical error for results on grain composition is comparable to a point count with 350 points. Once the model is trained, it can be applied quickly to additional images. In addition to providing component percentages, a segmented thin section can be used further to describe the morphology of grains (e.g., angularity, ellipticity) or serve as the basis for digital rock-physics experiments. This test of supervised machine learning does not reproduce the level of detailed component identification that is typical of manual point-counting, but it provides a clear indication that a diverse and fully representative data set will be required to achieve automated component identification that is both accurate and precise.
Short report: Improving motor competence skills in early childhood has corollary benefits for executive function and numeracy skills.

Previous studies have documented that individual differences in fine and gross motor skills are associated with executive function (EF) skills. This study used an experimental design to test whether participating in cognitively challenging motor skills activities was causally related to improvements in motor skills and two key indicators of school readiness: executive function and early numeracy skills. The motor skill program involved fine and gross motor game-like activities that were delivered in a small group format. Activities were socially engaging and progressively challenged children based on their motor competencies. Fifty-three preschool-aged children participated in 16 motor skill sessions across 8 weeks. There were significant treatment effects for all outcomes, such that children in the treatment condition exhibited significant improvements in motor, EF, and early numeracy skills, compared to their peers in the waitlist control condition. Treatment effects on EF skills were stronger for inhibitory control than working memory. Improvements in numeracy were most pronounced for children with initially lower levels of ability. Motor skill-based interventions are an ecologically valid and developmentally appropriate approach for fostering school readiness skills in early childhood.
The Lack of Evidentiary Standards in Texas Sexual Predator Civil Commitment Proceedings

The current legal landscape of evidentiary standards in Texas is one of inconsistency and uncertainty. The civil commitment proceedings of sexually violent predators are governed by the Texas Rules of Evidence -- until they are not. The Texas Health and Safety Code provides for the admission of evidence that is otherwise inadmissible under the Texas Rules of Evidence, which results in inconsistency and uncertainty in the application of the Texas Rules of Evidence in civil trials. The most concerning aspect of the inconsistency and uncertainty that is produced by the application of the Texas Health and Safety Code is the admissibility of penile plethysmographs. However under the Texas Rules of Evidence, expert testimony that relies solely on penile plethysmographs would not be admissible under a Rule 702 Daubert v. United States analysis. If penile plethysmographs are only one factor out of many considered by the expert witness, then the basis for the expert’s opinion -- the offender’s penile plethysmograph results -- would be inadmissible under Rule 705 and Rule 403. Furthermore, the holding of Old Chief v. United States should be expanded to allow for stipulations for the basis of the expert’s opinion when the basis of the expert’s opinion fails the Rule 403 balancing test. In addition to revising the Texas Health and Safety Code, the Texas Legislature should expand the use of stipulations to allow for the basis of the expert’s opinion to be stipulated to. By explaining the use of stipulations, the basis of the expert’s opinion, while otherwise inadmissible, would still assist the jury by helping them understand the expert’s opinion. While the current legal landscape if inconsistent and uncertain, the Texas Legislature has the ability to act and ensure basic evidentiary standards are upheld by revising Chapter 841 of the Texas Health and Safety Code. This Article aims to outline the evidentiary inconsistencies between the Texas Rules of Evidence and the Texas Health and Safety Code in relation to the admissibility of penile plethysmographs in the civil commitment proceedings of sexually violent predators. Furthermore, this article contains recommendations concerning how these inconsistencies should be managed in order to ensure consistent trial outcomes and preserve the integrity of the court.
Rare migration strategy key during climate change

Southern salmon populations face increased risk from a warming climate. New analysis of salmon ear bones shows outsized reliance on rarely used cold-water habitat for population survival through drought years — habitat that is expected to shrink under climate change.
Are You Ready? Devising a Personal Strategy for Life after Business School

This note offers a set of strategic questions to help you formulate an effective personal plan that can be especially useful for your first years after business school. It draws on theories and principles of management strategy as well as wisdom from top business thinkers, leaders, and Darden MBA alumni. Excerpt UVA-S-0342 May 4, 2021 Are You Ready? Devising a Personal Strategy for Life After Business School As a business school student, you conduct strategy analyses of organizations on a regular basis. But have you ever created a thorough strategic plan for yourself? Personal and career goals are good starting points. Such objectives or visions, however, are not strategy. Just as an organization needs to identify what it needs to do to achieve a goal and compete in the marketplace as well as how to do it, you can benefit from taking time to articulate and integrate the “what” and “how” parts of your personal plan. An individual strategy offers a roadmap to help you reach your goals for a fulfilling life that balances the personal and professional spheres. . . .
Fiscal Considerations of Privatization

Despite the common perception—which in part reflects the success of policymakers and politicians in using efficiency arguments to advocate privatization—efficiency gains are only one possible motive for governments to engage in large-scale privatization. The following chapter examines the various circumstances under which fiscal considerations may instead provide incentives for privatization.
Hot-salt stress-corrosion of a titanium alloy in a dynamic air environment

Hot-salt stress-corrosion threshold data were determined for the Ti−8Al−1Mo−1V alloy under simulated turbine-engine compressor environmental conditions. Threshold data determined by residual tensile ductility were demonstrated to be a more sensitive indication of hot-salt stress-corrosion than threshold data determined from crack observations. Specimens that had been stress-relieved by chemically milling exhibited drastically lower threshold stresses than did specimens in the as-machined condition. A Mach 0.7 airflow with a dewpoint of−120° F did not significantly reduce stress-corrosion when compared to static air conditions.
Aspectos médico legales del síndrome del menor agredido

El Sindrome del Menor Agredido en cuya genesis participan multiples factores biopsicosociales, afecta a ninos de todas las edades alrededor del mundo, principalmente a ninos pequenos y con ciertos factores de riesgo. Aunque los danos fisicos que produce suelen ser transitorios, pueden ocurrir secuelas fisicas y generalmente psicologicas persistentes, o la muerte. En Costa Rica existe amplia legislacion que ampara al menor contra los maltratos, correspondiendole al equipo del sistema de salud nacional salvaguardar su salud y, en muchos casos, su vida. En este contexto, le compete al medico ser un ejecutante habilidoso en la valoracion clinica a traves de la cual se aborde al paciente. Desde el interrogatorio no revictimizante, el personal de salud debe realizar un abordaje inmediato conducente a evitar mayor lesionologia para con el nino del que se ha abusado fisica y sexualmente, y para lo cual debe comprender temas tales como: establecimiento de la compatibilidad del mecanismo y fisiopatologia del trauma, diagnostico diferencial y evaluacion clinico forense, ademas de contar con elementos que identifiquen indicadores psicologicos en la dinamica traumatogenica del menor. Especial atencion debe prestarse a la toma, conservacion y manipulacion de las muestras biologicas en casos de delitos sexuales, con el fin de evitar la perdida de evidencia forense.
Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. Interactions of adenylate energy charge and other regulatory parameters.

Abstract Activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pyruvate + DPN+ + HSCoA → acetyl-SCoA + DPNH + CO2 + H+) of Escherichia coli is stimulated by glycolytic intermediates. Fructose-di-P is the most effective modifier, and activity is enhanced also by fructose-6-P, glyceraldehyde-3-P, phosphoenolpyruvate, dihydroxyacetone-P, and glucose-6-P. These effects are exerted on the pyruvate decarboxylase component of the complex. Fructose-di-P overcomes the inhibition resulting from a high value of the adenylate energy charge. The activity of the complex is modulated also by the oxidation level of the DPN+-DPNH pool, increasing steeply with increase in the DPN+ mole fraction in the physiological range around 0.8. The responses to the adenylate energy charge, the DPN+ mole fraction, and the acetyl coenzyme A concentration are in the right direction, and the interactions are of the right type, to suggest that modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity contributes to the stabilization of these parameters in vivo.
The DOE Parallel Climate Model (PCM): The Computational Highway and Backroads

The DOE Parallel Climate Model (PCM) is used to simulate the earth's climate system and has been used to study the climate of the 20th century and to project possible climate changes into the 21st century and beyond. It was designed for use on distributed memory, highly parallel, architectures. The computational requirements and design of the model are discussed, as well as its performance and scalability characteristics. A method for port validation is demonstrated. The shortcomings of the current model are summarized and future design plans are presented.
Room temperature observation of quantum jumps of single molecule into dark states

We monitored the fluorescence emission rate of single dye molecules on a dry surface with the near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM). A Texas Red fluorophore was covalently attached to a short strand of a DNA molecule and bound to an amino-propyl-silanized glass coverslip. After imaging, the NSOM probe was stationed over a single molecule and its emission rate was recorded as function of time until its photodestruction. Counts were integrated for 520 ms and typical count rates were 5-30 kHz. A typical emission time trace is shown. In addition to the irreversible photodestruction event at 26s, reversible jumps to background level around 4s and 9s are noticeable. These long-lived dark states last few seconds. The two curves are polarization-resolved emission time traces recorded simultaneously with circular polarization excitation.
The treatment of bipolar depression.

Background The treatment of bipolar depression represents a relatively understudied area in clinical psychiatry. The depressive phases of bipolar disorder can be very disabling, with significant associated comorbidity and suicide risk, impairment in functioning, and infringement on quality of life. We review the current evidence for the management of bipolar depression. Method References for this review were obtained through MEDLINE searches of the medical literature on subjects pertaining to the treatment of bipolar depression. Search terms included bipolar depression, antidepressants, and bipolar disorder. Only publications in English are reviewed here. Results Lithium is currently the gold standard and most appropriate initial treatment for the depressive phase of bipolar disorder. Other mood stabilizers have demonstrated preliminary efficacy. Of the antidepressants, bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be associated with less risk of inducing hypomania, mania, and rapid cycling compared with tricyclic antidepressants. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors should be considered for patients with anergic bipolar depression. Electroconvulsive therapy has been shown to be highly efficacious. Other treatment modalities, including psychotherapy, sleep deprivation, phototherapy, and newer medications, require further research. Conclusions Although the treatment of bipolar depression can be a complicated clinical task, the treatment armamentarium is expanding. Further research, especially in the form of randomized controlled trials, is warranted. Clinicians should be familiar with general guidelines for the use of psychopharmacologic agents for treating bipolar depression.
Synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, and catalytic activity of an SCS bis(N-heterocyclic thione) (SCS-NHT) Pd pincer complex.

Treatment of 1,3-bis(3′-butylimidazolyl-1′-yl)benzene diiodide with elemental sulfur in the presence of a base produced a bis(N-heterocyclic thione) (NHT) pincer ligand precursor. Its reaction with PdCl2(CH3CN)2 produced chloro[1,3-bis(3′-butylimidazole-2′-thione-κ-S)benzene-κ-C]palladium(II), a 6,6-fused ring SCS-NHT palladium pincer complex. This air stable compound is, to our knowledge, the first SCS pincer complex that utilizes N-heterocyclic thione (NHT) donor groups. The molecular structures of the ligand precursor and the palladium complex were determined by X-ray crystallography and computational studies provided insight into the interconversion between its rac and meso conformations. The photophysical properties of the complex were established, and its catalytic activity in Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions was evaluated.
Zeros and periodicity for systems over finite fields

The Kalman-module-theoretic framework is applied to the study of linear systems over finite fields. In particular, the authors focus on the internal and output characteristics of discrete-time, constant, single-input, single-output, linear, dynamical systems over a fixed finite field. The results presented give precise upper bounds for the period lengths of state orbits and output sequences. >
Covering Spaces and the Monodromy Theorem

We shall develop the results of this chapter in the context of manifolds (Definition 1 in §1 below) although they, and most of their proofs, remain valid for more general spaces. This is done to keep the statements relatively simple, and manifolds are ample for the applications we have in mind.
MOVING FROM IDEAS TO A THEORETICAL CONTRIBUTION: COMMENTS ON THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING THEORY IN ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH

The topic of theory development remains an ongoing area of interest among management scholars. Much of the discussion on the topic has focused on the question of what constitutes a theoretical contribution. In contrast, this article emphasizes the process through which ideas develop into a value-added theoretical contribution. The article highlights the paradoxical nature of the demands that the theory development process poses on scholars.