cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate increases beta-adrenergic receptor concentration in cultured human fetal lung explants and type II cells.

cAMP regulates the maturation of many biochemical processes that occur during normal lung development, including the changing levels of surfactant proteins and phospholipids. We examined the effect of cAMP on the beta-adrenergic receptor concentration in the developing human lung. Isobutylmethylxanthine, a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, increased both the tissue cAMP content and beta-adrenergic receptor concentration in treated explants above those in untreated explants. 8-Bromo-cAMP treatment also elevated the beta-adrenergic receptor concentration of lung explants compared to that in untreated controls. These data indicate the ability of elevated cAMP to increase the beta-adrenergic receptor concentration. Both lung cAMP and beta-adrenergic receptor concentrations increase spontaneously in culture. To test for a possible causal relationship, we cultured explants with protein kinase inhibitors. We found that H-8, a preferential inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase-A (PKA)], b...
Standing in the Wake: A Critical Auto/Ethnographic Exercise on Reflexivity in Three Movements

Using the metaphor of “standing in the wake” to represent a time after experience for critical reflection, this performative and autoethnographic text uses reflexivity as both the subject and the method of engagement, to explore the nature of reflexivity in ethnographic research; as well as the idiosyncratic and diverse ways in which ethnographers enact reflexivity in relation to definitional orientations and intents of ethnography itself. The essay is structured around three movements: “In the Wake of the Preconference: Per Se,” “In the Wake of Silence: Eulogies in/as Reflective Methodologies,” and “In the Wake of What’s Next: An Afterward in/ as/on Reflexivity.”
Suggestions for Structuring a Research Article.

Researchers often experience difficulty as they attempt to prepare journal articles that describe their work. The purpose of this article is to provide researchers in the field of education with a series of suggestions as to how to clearly structure each section of a research manuscript that they intend to submit for publication in a scholarly journal. Suggestions related to the each of the four major sections of a research article—the introduction, method, results and discussion sections—are offered. Examples of how those suggestions have been applied in published research articles are presented.
High-speed reconstruction of compressed images

A compression scheme is described that allows high-definition radiological images with greater than 8-bit intensity resolution to be represented by 8-bit pixels. Reconstruction of the images with their original intensity resolution can be carried out by means of a pipeline architecture suitable for compact, high-speed implementation. A reconstruction system is described that can be fabricated according to this approach and placed between an 8-bit display buffer and the display's video system thereby allowing contrast control of images at video rates. Results for 50 CR chest images are described showing that error-free reconstruction of the original 10-bit CR images can be achieved.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Vascular Disease: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Michael R. Jaff , DO and Christopher J. White , MD, eds. 582 pages. Minneapolis, MN, USA: Cardiotext, 2011. $169.00 ISBN: 978-1-935395-16-4 Vascular Disease: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches is a comprehensive textbook that describes both common and rare vascular disorders facing the practicing clinician. As stated in the Preface, vascular disease is increasing in prevalence with our aging population, and there is a relative lack of qualified clinicians who are trained to diagnose and treat it. Drs Jaff and White are world-renowned experts in the field of vascular medicine, and in editing this book, they provide an ideal blend of vascular medicine and interventional cardiology perspectives. Equally impressive, the editors have assembled a remarkable team of vascular medicine experts and successfully synthesized information in a logical, flowing manner. These contributions distinguish this book from its predecessors by taking the focus away from the approach of a specific medical or surgical specialty and making …
Theory of microwave eddy currents and paramagnetic resonance in materials of intermediate conductivity

An analysis has been made of the eddy currents in a conducting solid in the shape of a long rectangular prism, with the applied rf magnetic field perpendicular to the length. The results are expressed in terms of a complex susceptibility. This, in turn, is related to the changes in resonant frequency and quality factor of a microwave cavity when the sample is introduced at the site of a magnetic field antinode. The calculations are performed for conductivities in the range of values for which the skin depth is comparable to the transverse dimensions of the sample. Solution is by the Rayleigh-Ritz method applied to a variational expression for the dipole moment of the sample. Several representative rectangular cross sections are treated. Also, the results for the cylinder in a transverse field are presented in closed form. In addition to the eddy-current loss and resonant-frequency shift, results are given for the modulation of the loss by paramagnetic resonance. The integrated resonance absorption intensity and the line shape anisotropy for Lorentzian lines are presented. The results are applied to the case of tetrathiafulvalinium-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ).
Minority recruitment in clinical trials: a conference at Tuskegee, researchers and the community.

Abstract PURPOSE: This article describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a 2-day conference designed to examine the factors related to the participation of African Americans in cancer clinical trials. METHODS: Pre-conference formative evaluations (e.g., focus group discussions and key informant interviews with community leaders and health providers) were conducted in several rural and urban counties in the state of Alabama to determine African Americans' perceptions of participation in clinical research. The findings from these evaluations were used to develop a conference format and agenda. The 2-day conference included: (i) a pretest of African Americans' perceptions of cancer research, participation factors, and communication and recruitment issues; (ii) individual presentations highlighting community leaders, church leaders, and researchers' perspectives regarding minority participation in research; (iii) working group discussions regarding the barriers and solutions to minority participation in research; and (iv) a posttest evaluation to measure changes in African Americans' perceptions of research. RESULTS: Several recruitment barriers and solutions were identified and reported by the working groups. Comparisons of the pretest and posttest measures showed significant (p > .05) and favorable shifts in the areas of perceptions of cancer research, participation factors, communication issues, and recruitment issues. Participation in the conference reflected a positive change in attitudes on these measures. However, the theme, “barriers that contributed to nonparticipation,” did not show any significant changes during the two testing periods. The most critical lesson that resulted from this conference was the need for researchers and community members to have open dialogue about participation in research. CONCLUSIONS: This conference demonstrated that progress can be made when all parties are at the “table” and can be heard. In this model, community members proved to be valuable resources in providing researchers with information that was vital to the success of recruitment and retention studies and trials.
Input-output short-term storage

To determine whether short-term storage and learning may be distinct processes, the input-output missing scan was used to evaluate short-term retention of input, output, and input-output repetitions by patients with and controls without cerebral disease. Subjects were required to report the four numbers missing from random sequences containing twelve of the numbers 1–16. Each seqeunce contained four input numbers said by E, four output numbers said by S, and four repetitions said by both E and S. When Ss report as missing numbers that did occur in a sequence, the relative frequency of such errors of commission shows the relative retention of input, output, and repetitions. The major finding is that patients with unselected cerebral disease may show differential impairment in learning repetitions without significant impairment in short-term storage of unrepeated input or output. This indicates that short-term storage and a distinct learning process, which may be differentially impaired, both contribute to short-term retention.
Superconductivity in a two-dimensional Fermi gas: evolution from Cooper pairing to Bose condensation

We study a two-dimensional continuum model of a dilute gas of fermions at T=0 interacting via a given two-body potential, with an aim to investigate superconductors with coherence length of the order of the interparticle spacing [${k}_{F}$${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\sim}O(1)], a striking feature of the high-${T}_{c}$ materials. We find that a two-body bound state in vacuum is a necessary and sufficient condition for an s-wave pairing instability. We also find that the existence of such a bound state in a higher-angular-momentum (lg0) channel is not a necessary condition for an l-wave pairing instability. We further investigate using a variational ansatz the evolution from a state with large overlapping Cooper pairs (${k}_{F}$${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\gg}1) to one with Bose condensation of composite bosons (${k}_{F}$${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\ll}1). For the s-wave case an exact solution of the variational equations shows a smooth crossover from one regime to the other at T=0. The p-wave solution has a weak singularity when the chemical potential goes through zero, which is the bottom of the band. We show, quite generally, independent of the dimensionality and of model details, that the gap--to--single-particle excitations is nodeless, even if the anisotropic pair wave function has nodes, when the coupling is strong enough that the chemical potential is negative.
On real moduli spaces of holomorphic bundles over M-curves☆

Abstract Let F be a genus g curve and σ : F → F a real structure with the maximal possible number of fixed circles. We study the real moduli space N ′ = Fix ( σ # ) where σ # : N → N is the induced real structure on the moduli space N of stable holomorphic bundles of rank 2 over F with fixed non-trivial determinant. In particular, we calculate H ⁎ ( N ′ , Z ) in the case of g = 2 , generalizing Thaddeus' approach to computing H ⁎ ( N , Z ) .
Identification of biologically active and inactive steroid receptors

Steroids enter target cells and bind to specific receptor proteins. These complexes translocate to the nuclei, bind to the chromatin, and alter gene expression. Recently, inactive progesterone receptors of the chick oviduct have been identified in this laboratory during the late winter which are not capable of translocating and binding to nuclear acceptor sites either in vivo or in a cell free assay. During this period the oviduct remains unresponsive to the steroid. The nuclear binding activity does return at the end of the season with a corresponding return of oviduct responsiveness to the steroid. Analysis of the active and inactive receptors of progesterone reveals no difference in sedimentation rates in high salt or in the affinity of the steroid for the receptor. The tissue levels of the inactive receptor, however, are about-one-half those of the active receptor. Quantitative analysis of the molecular species of the progesterone receptor separated by isoelectric focusing reveals two species for the active receptor preparations (an A species focusing at a pH of 7 and a B species focusing at a pH of 6). The A species was absent in the active receptor preparations which explains the lower amounts of total receptor in this group. Further studies have shown inactive progesterone receptors in the undeveloped oviducts and in the oviducts of estrogen withdrawn chicks. In these instances, the B species of the receptor is missing. The results suggest: (1) a novel regulation of steroid action may exist which acts by modulating the levels of one of the two receptor species (or possible subunits of a dimer); (2) the presence of a steroid receptor does not necessarily reflect that the receptor is functional; and (3) the biological activity of a steroid may be assessed via cell free nuclear binding assays or via analysis of the molecular species.
The Earnings Information Content of Dividend Initiations and Omissions

Previous studies have found that dividend initiations and omissions convey important information about subsequent earnings changes. However, this finding may be subject to a sample survival bias. We find that survivorship does not affect the positive relation between dividend changes and past earnings changes. Also, we find dividend omitting firms are able to generate significantly positive earnings one to two years after the omission. However, contrary to previous findings, firms' earnings are not significantly increased following the dividend initiation. The results suggest that survivorship tends to bias inference toward finding that dividends signal future earnings.
Sarcoidosis and Psoriasis: A Case Series and Review of the Literature Exploring Co-Incidence vs Coincidence

Importance Sarcoidosis is a chronic multisystem disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas affecting multiple organ systems. The role of the type 1 helper T (T H 1) cell in sarcoidal granuloma formation has been well documented, and the T H 17 pathway in sarcoidosis is just now being investigated. T H 17 cells are also known to involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, and the coexistence of sarcoidosis and psoriasis is mechanistically plausible based on potential shared underlying immunologic pathways. Observations We report a case series of 7 patients with sarcoidosis and psoriasis vulgaris. All patients had psoriasis ranging from limited disease to involvement of 30% of their body surface area and had evidence of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Three of these patients also had cutaneous sarcoidosis, and 1 of these patients had evidence of both psoriasis and sarcoidosis in the same cutaneous specimen. Conclusions and Relevance We report a case series of concomitant sarcoidosis and psoriasis, suggesting that common pathogenesis involving the T H 1 and T H 17 pathways may be responsible for this disease association. Although additional data are needed to clarify this association, this observation may lead to important understanding of the pathophysiologic and therapeutic management in these disorders.
Establishment and characterization of a primary androgen-responsive African-American prostate cancer cell line, E006AA.

BACKGROUND Establishment of human prostate cancer cell lines is essential to advance our understanding of complex processes associated with the initiation and progression of the disease. In the present study, we report the establishment of a primary African-American prostate cancer cell line (E006AA) as well as its associated stromal cells (S006AA). METHODS E006AA cell line was established as a spontaneously immortalized cells from a patient with a clinically localized prostate cancer. Extensive characterization of the cells was accomplished using androgen-dependent growth and sensitivity assays, Western analyses, RT-PCR/real-time PCR, cytogenetic analyses, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. RESULTS E006AA cell line shows androgen-dependent growth, expresses PSA and the androgen receptor (AR) with 26 CAG repeats in exon 1 of AR. Cytogenetic analyses revealed a hypertriploid karyotype with additional numerical gains in chromosomes 5, 6, 8, 10, 17, 20, 21 and a marker chromosome of unknown origin as well as structural abnormalities in chromosomes 4, 5, 8, 9, 11–14, 18, and 20. This cell line is not tumorigenic in nude mice. S006AA cell line, isolated from the same tumor specimen, also expresses AR and shows the morphological characteristics of smooth muscle cells of prostatic stroma. CONCLUSIONS These cell lines are the first available primary epithelial and stromal cells derived from an African-American patient with organ-confined prostate cancer and in conjunction with other established cell lines, could provide an in vitro model system to investigate early transforming events in prostate cancer. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Apparent Digestible Energy Coefficients and Associative Effects in Practical Diets for Red Swamp Crayfish

Adult red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were held in fecal collection chambers and fed common feedstuffs in two different types of diets, as the sole feedstuff and as a 30% substitution in a reference diet. Feedstuffs tested were soybean meal, peanut meal, wheat shorts, cooked corn, menhaden fish meal, and shrimp-head meal. Feed consumption, apparent digestible dry matter, and energy coefficients were determined for feedstuffs when fed in both diets. Addition of menhaden fish meal, shrimp-head meal, and peanut meal in the reference diet resulted in decreased consumption, and menhaden fish meal was poorly digested when incorporated at 30% in the reference diet. Apparent dry matter and energy digestion coefficients Indicated that plant feedstuffs have greater potential as ingredients in crayfish diets than feedstuffs of animal origin. Differences in consumption and digestibility between the two types of diet were observed. Therefore, it appears that the associative effects of additions of feedstuffs in diets should be considered when formulating crayfish feeds.
Tubular Heat Exchanger Fouling by Milk During Ultra High Temperature Processing

The effect of milk fouling deposits on the heat transfer rate of a tubular heat exchanger was investigated for varying process heat treatments. Product input and discharge temperatures were maintained constant while steam temperature increased as deposits formed. Processing conditions included product entrance temperatures of 347.6 and 366.4°K for heater exit temperature of 410.7°K and product velocity of 1.58 m/s; 363.9 and 366.7 for 410.7 and 2.70; 364.6 for 410.7 and 3.25; 370.6 and 357.8 for 427.4 and 1.58; 378.5 for 427.4 and 2.70; and 379.5 and 376.3 for 427.4 and 3.25. Predictive expressions representing product deposition were determined for process variables, heating curve variables, and equivalent times and temperatures representing the thermal treatment. Product constituent losses during the fouling process and aspects of fouling kinetics were examined.
Using botox to treat a mohs defect repair complicated by a parotid fistula.

Surgery near the parotid may disrupt its parenchyma or duct and cause either a sialocele or salivary fistula. The management of parotid sialoceles and salivary gland fistulas has been generally difficult with numerous methods described. Botulinum toxin A has many uses in the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. This case report describes the management of a parotid gland fistula complicating a Mohs defect repair of a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). On our patient we used an “aggressive conservative” therapy with a pressure dressing, glycopyrrolate, and botulinum toxin A. The use of botulinum toxin A is increasing in the practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Besides its well-known use for cosmetic purposes, botulinum toxin can be used for multiple other indications including the treatment of bruxism, masseteric hypertrophy, muscle spasm, oromandibular dystonia, orofacial motor tics, and myofascial pain disorder. 1-3 By inhibiting the release of presynaptic acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, botulinum toxin A also can be used to treat salivary gland disorders including sialorrhea, salivary gland fistulas, and sialoceles. 4-8
Oogenesis in the annelid Enchytraeus albidus with special reference to the origin and cytochemistry of yolk

In the annelid Enchytraeus albidus the ovary is composed of packets containing eight synchronously developing oocytes. Each oocyte in the packet is connected, via a bridge, to a common cytoplasmic mass. Developmental synchrony of oocytes within individual packets is probably related to the ooplasmic continuity. The young previtellogenic oocyte contains many polysomes, a few cisternae of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, small Golgi complexes, and mitochondria. Many of the mitochondria are dumbbell-shaped and may thus represent division stages. Vitellogenesis is marked by the appearance of peripherally located lipid yolk and small, densely staining granules scattered throughout the ooplasm. There is an increase of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and enlarged Golgi elements. Small multivesicular-like bodies, the early stages of developing yolk, are derived from the Golgi complex. The mature yolk sphere is bipartite and consists of (a) a variable number of dense spheres, the core bodies, which are produced in the ooplasm by the Golgi complex and which become embedded in (b) a dense matrix. The electron opaque tracer, horseradish peroxidase is incorporated into the oocyte and deposited in the matrix suggesting that this component of the yolk sphere is obtained by micropinocytosis. Enzyme digestions and various cytochemical techniques suggest that the core bodies are rich in carbohydrate, probably as glyco- or mucoproteins, and that the matrix is rich in lipid.
An efficient comprehensive search algorithm for tagSNP selection using linkage disequilibrium criteria

Motivation: Selecting SNP markers for genome-wide association studies is an important and challenging task. The goal is to minimize the number of markers selected for genotyping in a particular platform and therefore reduce genotyping cost while simultaneously maximizing the information content provided by selected markers. Results: We devised an improved algorithm for tagSNP selection using the pairwise r2 criterion. We first break down large marker sets into disjoint pieces, where more exhaustive searches can replace the greedy algorithm for tagSNP selection. These exhaustive searches lead to smaller tagSNP sets being generated. In addition, our method evaluates multiple solutions that are equivalent according to the linkage disequilibrium criteria to accommodate additional constraints. Its performance was assessed using HapMap data. Availability: A computer program named FESTA has been developed based on this algorithm. The program is freely available and can be downloaded at http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/qin/FESTA/ Contact: qin@umich.edu Supplementary information: http://www.sph.umich.edu/csg/qin/FESTA/
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO MANUAL SORTING USING SELECTED ELECTRONIC GRADERS IN ASPARAGUS FRESH PACKING

Supplying quality fresh asparagus to the consumer begins with rapid handling at the fresh packing shed, which in turn requires a significant amount of labor. This study analyzed the effects of reducing the required labor by using selected electronic graders in the grading and sorting process of fresh asparagus packing firms. Four alternative electronic graders were considered by using two throughput scenarios of 680 and 880 kg/h with 25 people. The electronic graders generated labor savings in all cases. In the first scenario, substituting technology for labor produced modified internal rates of return (MIRR) of between 30 and 39%. All four graders in the second scenario had positive returns, with an MIRR range of 8 to 21%. The electronic graders have the potential to increase the profitability of fresh asparagus packing firms.
Fundamental Definitions of Dimension Theory

In this chapter we collect the fundamental definitions and notation we shall use. We also harvest the statements on dimension theory that have been proved earlier in this book, before we had the language to describe them: the characterization of dimension zero from Chapter 2 and the properties of integral maps (relative dimension zero) from Chapter 4. To make this chapter and what follows independent of the introductory Chapter 8, we repeat a few definitions.
Oxygen availability in mixed cerium/praseodymium oxides and the effect of noble metals

Oxyreduction studies of mixed Ce/Pr oxides have been carried out. Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) were used to study the uptake and release of the oxygen. Large amounts of oxygen, exceeding those in ceria, are accessible in the mixed metal oxides at moderate temperatures. The addition of small amounts of noble metals to the mixed oxides shifts the accessibility of the “stored” oxygen to still lower temperatures with the effect of Pd being more pronounced than that of Pt. In a sample containing 45 mol % ceria and 55 mol % praseodymia, a small addition of Pd (0.24 mol %) was found to lower the reduction temperature by more than 100 °C. The addition of Pt had a lesser effect. Similarly, in pure praseodymia (Pr6O11) Pd influences the reduction much more strongly than Pt. In the mixed samples, whether doped with a noble metal or not, the whole oxyreduction effect can be accounted for by the change in oxidation state of the praseodymium ions solely. This notwithstanding, the reduction of the mixed oxides, without noble metals or doped by Pt, is more facile than that of praseodymia. Only the incorporation of Pd makes the reduction of praseodymia proceed at a temperature below that registered for a mixed ceriapraseodymia sample.
Early Readers and Electronic Texts: CD-ROM Storybook Features That Influence Reading Behaviors

This research explores the impact of CD-ROM storybook features on the reading behaviors of 6- and 7-year-old students with limited exposure to CD-ROM storybooks. Six categories of behaviors were identified: tracking, electronic feature dependency, distractibility, spectator stance, electronic feature limitations, and electronic features as tools. Results from this study indicate advantages and disadvantages of the features found in this electronic text medium. One of the most intriguing examples of advantageous use is the ability of CD-ROM storybooks to set a mood and context for a story in a highly appealing manner. They can also support struggling readers' initial attempts at unfamiliar vocabulary. However, there are also elements of CD-ROM storybooks that merit caution. They have the potential to promote passivity, putting readers into a sort of “spectator stance” in which they let the computer do the “work” of reading rather than becoming actively engaged in the reading process. Implications from this study suggest that an awareness of the benefits and limitations of CD-ROM storybooks can ensure their use in classroom instruction provides maximum reader support without building reader dependency.
A Virtual Peer for Investigating Social Influences on Children's Bicycling

The goal of our work is to develop a programmatically controlled peer to ride with a human subject for the purpose of studying how social interactions influence riding behavior. The peer is controlled through a combination of reactive controllers that determine the gross motion of the virtual bicycle, action-based controllers that animate the virtual bicyclist and generate verbal behaviors, and a keyboard interface that allows an experimenter to initiate the virtual bicyclist's actions during the course of an experiment. The virtual bicyclist's repertoire of behaviors includes road following, riding alongside the human rider, stopping at intersections, and crossing intersections through specified gaps. The virtual cyclist engages the human subject through gaze, gesture, and verbal interactions. We describe the structure of the behavior code and report the results of a pilot study examining how 10- and 12-year-old children interact with a peer cyclist. Results of the pilot study showed that the presence of the peer had a significant influence on the size of the gaps taken as well as time left to spare between the participant and the trailing car in the crossed gap.
Erosion of an intraperitoneal chemotherapy catheter resulting in an enterovaginal fistula.

Abstract Background. With the pharmacokinetic advantages of intraperitoneal chemotherapy delivery and the increased popularity of immunotherapy and gene therapy, intraperitoneal catheters have moved to the forefront as a delivery system in cancer treatment. This delivery system, however, carries with it an intrinsic morbidity warranting attention in the often prolonged chemotherapy regimens demanded by cancer patients. Case. In reviewing the literature of intraperitoneal catheter complications, there is no other cited case of a peritoneal catheter erosion into intestine presenting as an enterovaginal fistula. Our patient, diagnosed with persistent ovarian carcinoma, had a peritoneal Tenckoff catheter placed for chemotherapy. Many months after termination of the chemotherapy and 15 months after placement, she presented with bowel contents per vagina. A CT scan revealed an abdominopelvic abscess encompassing the detached catheter which embedded in the rectosigmoid colon, allowing direct communication to the upper vagina. The catheter was removed and the abscess was drained. Conclusion. Intraperitoneal catheters have a morbidity that persists after nonuse. Therefore, intraperitoneal catheters should be removed if they are not being used.
Types of Paradoxical Intervention and Indications/Contraindications for Use in Clinical Practice

A review of theoretical mechanisms underlying paradoxical interventions is undertaken in an effort to classify them into three broad types: redefinition, symptom escalation and crisis induction, and redirection. A list of individual and family patient characteristics and problems particularly applicable to each type of paradoxical intervention is presented along with contraindications for use. Last, implications for training and cautions as to their use are presented.
A method for estimating the physical and acoustic properties of the sea bed using chirp sonar data

This paper proposes a method, based on the Biot model, for estimating the physical and acoustic properties of surficial ocean sediments from normal incidence reflection data acquired by a chirp sonar. The inversion method estimates sediment porosity from reflection coefficient measurements and, using the estimated porosity and the measured change in fast wave attenuation with frequency, estimates the permeability of the top sediment layer. The spectral ratio of echoes from the interface at the base of the upper sediment layer and from the sediment-water interface provides a measure of the change in attenuation with frequency. Given the porosity and permeability estimates, the Kozeny-Carman equation provides the mean grain size and the inversion method yields the acoustic properties of top sediment layer. The inversion technique is tested using chirp sonar data collected at the 1999 Sediment Acoustics Experiment (SAX-99) site. Remote estimates of porosity, grain size, and permeability agree with direct measurements of those properties.
Light-Chain (AL) Amyloidosis: Diagnosis and Treatment

Light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis and is associated with an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. The disease often is difficult to recognize because of its broad range of manifestations and what often are vague symptoms. The clinical syndromes at presentation include nephrotic-range proteinuria with or without renal dysfunction, hepatomegaly, congestive heart failure, and autonomic or sensory neuropathy. Recent diagnostic and prognostic advances include the serum free light-chain assay, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and serologic cardiac biomarkers. Treatment strategies that have evolved during the past decade are prolonging survival and preserving organ function in patients with this disease. This review outlines approaches to diagnosis, assessment of disease severity, and treatment of AL amyloidosis.
p53-mediated heterochromatin reorganization regulates its cell fate decisions

p53 is a major sensor of cellular stresses, and its activation influences cell fate decisions. We identified SUV39H1, a histone code 'writer' responsible for the histone H3 Lys9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) mark for 'closed' chromatin conformation, as a target of p53 repression. SUV39H1 downregulation was mediated transcriptionally by p21 and post-translationally by MDM2. The H3K9me3 repression mark was found to be associated with promoters of representative p53 target genes and was decreased upon p53 activation. Overexpression of SUV39H1 maintained higher levels of the H3K9me3 mark on these promoters and was associated with decreased p53 promoter occupancy and decreased transcriptional induction in response to p53. Conversely, SUV39H1 pre-silencing decreased H3K9me3 levels on these promoters and enhanced the p53 apoptotic response. These findings uncover a new layer of p53-mediated chromatin regulation through modulation of histone methylation at p53 target promoters.
Differential Life-Stage Susceptibility of Acheta domesticus to Acridine

The toxicity of acridine to Acheta domesticus (L.) was determined to evaluate the potential for this pollutant from synthetic fuels production to affect insect populations. Acridine was highly toxic to cricket eggs but not toxic to nymphs or adults. An LD/sub 50/ for eggs = 7.4 ..mu..g/g was calculated from the LC/sub 50/ = 15.1 +- 0.61 ppM. The 24-h LD/sub 10/ of acridine to nymphal crickets was > 332 ..mu..g/g. Male and female crickets consumed up to 1.0% of their weight in acridine over an 18-day period with no significant effect on mortality, weight gain, digestibility of food, or fecundity. Percent hatch of eggs from treated crickets (81.0 +- 6.7) was not significantly different from controls (77.2 +- 5.1).
Self-interference digital polarization holography for three-dimensional incoherent imaging

We present a self-interference digital polarization holography method for three-dimensional imaging of an incoherent scene in a single shot. The 3-D imaging capability is quantitatively demonstrated with controllable time-multiplexed incoherent scenes.
Identification of risk factors associated with critical illness related corticosteroid insufficiency in burn patients.

Abstract The goal of this analysis was to characterize risk factors of patients who develop critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) after acute burn injury. This is a retrospective, single-center case-control descriptive study performed at a regional burn unit at an academic medical center. Patients are adults with acute burn injury who developed CIRCI (cases) and sex-, age-, and burn size-matched controls. Cases were compared with controls based on clinical characteristics. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to establish potential risk factors for cortisol insufficiency. CIRCI was diagnosed in 23 of 1183 patients during the period reviewed (1.9%); 159 controls were matched. CIRCI patients demonstrated significantly greater length of stay (35.1 vs 65.8 days, P ≤ .001), ventilator days (20.5 vs 33.2 days, P ≤ .001), and mortality (2.5% vs 17.4%, P ≤ .001) than controls. Patients with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were more likely to develop cortisol insufficiency (odds ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.20-2.08), as were patients with inhalation injury (odds ratio 6.46, 95% confidence interval 2.01-20.72). Antibiotics and sedative/hypnotics analyzed by class were not significant. Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis including Charlson Comorbidity Index and inhalation injury showed significant association of both dependent variables with CIRCI (pseudo-R2 = .32, P ≤ .001). Preexisting comorbidities and inhalation injury provide significant risks for development of CIRCI after acute burn injury. Acute burn patients who develop CIRCI have higher mortality, length of stay, and ventilator days than matched controls.
New Genus and Species of Triorophini, including Immatures, Reproductive Structures, and Notes on Biology and Phylogeny (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

A new genus and species of Triorophini, Troglogeneion zapoteca , is described from Oaxaca, Mexico. The immature stages and adult female external and internal reproductive structures of Troglogeneion are described. Larval evidence supports the close relationship of the tribes Tentyriini, Epitragini and Triorophini. Evidence from female internal reproductive tracts supports the retention of Triorophini as a separate tribe. This new genus represents a significant geographic range extension for the tribe Triorophini.
Stimulation by paraquat of microsomal and cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde

Glycerol can be oxidized to formaldehyde by microsomes in a reaction that is dependent on cytochrome P-450. An oxidant derived from the interaction of H2O2 with iron was responsible for oxidizing the glycerol, with P-450 suggested to be necessary to produce H2O2 and reduce non-haem iron. The effect of paraquat on formaldehyde production from glycerol and whether paraquat could replace P-450 in supporting this reaction were studied. Paraquat increased NADPH-dependent microsomal oxidation of glycerol; the stimulation was inhibited by glutathione, catalase, EDTA and desferrioxamine, but not by superoxide dismutase or hydroxyl-radical scavengers. The paraquat stimulation was also inhibited by inhibitors, substrate and ligand for P-4502E1 (pyrazole-induced P-450 isozyme), as well as by anti-(P-4502E1) IgG. These results suggest that P-450 still played an important role in glycerol oxidation, even in the presence of paraquat. Purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase did not oxidize glycerol to formaldehyde; some oxidation, however, did occur in the presence of paraquat. Reductase plus P-4502E1 oxidized glycerol, and a large stimulation was observed in the presence of paraquat. Rates in the presence of P-450, reductase and paraquat were more than additive than the sums from the reductase plus P-450 and reductase plus paraquat rates, suggesting synergistic interactions between paraquat and P-450. These results indicate that paraquat increases oxidation of glycerol to formaldehyde by microsomes and reconstituted systems, that H2O2 and iron play a role in the overall reaction, and that paraquat can substitute, in part, for P-450 in supporting oxidation of glycerol. However, cytochrome P-450 is required for elevated rates of formaldehyde production even in the presence of paraquat.
Transgenerational effects of adolescent nicotine exposure in rats: Evidence for cognitive deficits in adult female offspring.

Abstract This study investigated whether adolescent nicotine exposure in one generation of rats would impair the cognitive capacity of a subsequent generation. Male and female rats in the parental F0 generation were given twice-daily i.p. injections of either 1.0 mg/kg nicotine or an equivalent volume of saline for 35 days during adolescence on postnatal days 25–59 (P25–59). After reaching adulthood, male and female nicotine-exposed rats were paired for breeding as were male and female saline control rats. Only female offspring were used in this experiment. Half of the offspring of F0 nicotine-exposed breeders and half of the offspring of F0 saline control rats received twice-daily i.p. injections of 1.0 mg/kg nicotine during adolescence on P25–59. The remainder of the rats received twice-daily saline injections for the same period. To evaluate transgenerational effects of nicotine exposure on complex cognitive learning abilities, F1 generation rats were trained to perform a highly structured serial pattern in a serial multiple choice (SMC) task. Beginning on P95, rats in the F1 generation were given either 4 days of massed training (20 patterns/day) followed by spaced training (10 patterns/day) or only spaced training. Transgenerational effects of adolescent nicotine exposure were observed as greater difficulty in learning a “violation element” of the pattern, which indicated that rats were impaired in the ability to encode and remember multiple sequential elements as compound or configural cues. The results indicated that for rats that received massed training, F1 generation rats with adolescent nicotine exposure whose F0 generation parents also experienced adolescent nicotine exposure showed poorer learning of the violation element than rats that experienced adolescent nicotine exposure only in the F1 generation. Thus, adolescent nicotine exposure in one generation of rats produced a cognitive impairment in the next generation.
Don't get left behind: Moving library instruction online

ABSTRACTWith the growing number of online courses and programs across the higher education spectrum, the need to train faculty to effectively design and deliver online courses has become essential to many institutions. However, many professional development options do not include information or support in order to transition the same library services and resources faculty might use in their face-to-face classes to this new environment. The following case study describes professional development for faculty preparing to teach online at one small, private, doctoral-granting institution; how library resources and services were incorporated into the professional development experience; and the overall impressions from faculty who have participated.
Characterization of the multiplicity of drug-metabolizing enzymes: observations on cytochrome P-450 diversity

A variety of enzyme systems are capable of accepting structurally diverse, lipid-soluble compounds as substrates. The reactions they catalyze generally lead to more water-soluble products that are excreted more rapidly than the parent compounds. These metabolic pathways often control the rate of elimination of a number of drugs (Testa & Jenner, 1976). The generality of these pathways of metabolism for a large number of drugs and the capacity of these enzymes to metabolize a variety of structurally diverse compounds distinguishes them as drugmetabolizing enzymes. Enzymes that include a limited spectrum of drugs among their substrates are generally not distinguished in this manner.
Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy, Better Understanding of An Increasing Disorder

The prevalence of iron overload cardiomyopathy (IOC) is increasing. The spectrum of symptoms of IOC is varied. Early in the disease process, patients may be asymptomatic, whereas severely overloaded patients can have terminal heart failure complaints that are refractory to treatment. It has been shown that early recognition and intervention may alter outcomes. Biochemical markers and tissue biopsy, which have traditionally been used to diagnose and guide therapy, are not sensitive enough to detect early cardiac iron deposition. Newer diagnostic modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging are noninvasive and can assess quantitative cardiac iron load. Phlebotomy and chelating drugs are suboptimal means of treating IOC; hence, the roles of gene therapy, hepcidin, and calcium channel blockers are being actively investigated. There is a need for the development of clinical guidelines in order to improve the management of this emerging complex disease.
Cryogenic Trapping and Isotope Editing Identify a Protonated Water Cluster as an Intermediate in the Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Reaction.

Internal water is known to play a catalytic role in several enzymes. In photosystem II (PSII), water is the substrate. To oxidize water, the PSII Mn4CaO5 cluster or oxygen evolving center (OEC) cycles through five oxidation states, termed Sn states. As reaction products, molecular oxygen is released, and protons are transferred through a ∼25 A hydrogen-bonded network from the OEC to the thylakoid lumen. Previously, it was reported that a broad infrared band at 2880 cm–1 is produced during the S1-to-S2 transition and accompanies flash-induced, S state cycling at pH 7.5. Here, we report that when the S2 state is trapped by continuous illumination under cryogenic conditions (190 K), an analogous 2740/2900 cm–1 band is observed. The frequency depended on the sodium chloride concentration. This band is unambiguously assigned to a normal mode of water by D216O and H218O solvent exchange. Its large, apparent H218O isotope shift, ammonia sensitivity, frequency, and intensity support assignment to a stretching vib...
Savage preservation: the ethnographic origins of modern media technology

Set against the backdrop of the technological and scientific innovations of turn-of-the-century America, Brian Hochman’s concise and engaging book, Savage Preservation: The Ethnographic Origins of ...
DA white dwarfs in the Kepler field

We present 16 new, and confirm 7 previously identified, DA white dwarfs in the Kepler field through ground-based spectroscopy with the Hale 200", Kitt Peak 4-meter, and Bok 2.3-meter telescopes. Using atmospheric models we determine their effective temperatures and surface gravities to constrain their position with respect to the ZZ Ceti (DA pulsator) instability strip, and look for the presence or absence of pulsation with Kepler's unprecedented photometry. Our results are as follows: i) From our measurements of temperature and surface gravity, 12 of the 23 DA white dwarfs from this work fall well outside of the instability strip. The Kepler photometry available for 11 of these WDs allows us to confirm that none are pulsating. One of these eleven happens to be a presumed binary, KIC 11604781, with a period of ~5 days. ii) The remaining 11 DA white dwarfs are instability strip candidates, potentially falling within the current, empirical instability strip, after accounting for uncertainties. These WDs will help constrain the strip's location further, as eight are near the blue edge and three are near the red edge of the instability strip. Four of these WDs do not have Kepler photometry, so ground-based photometry is needed to determine the pulsation nature of these white dwarfs. The remaining seven have Kepler photometry available, but do not show any periodicity on typical WD pulsation timescales.
Techniques for using the air-gap method for the precise determination of the dielectric constant and loss angle of solid disk specimens

The air-gap method of making dielectric measurements is an attractive one because it is not necessary to apply electrodes to the specimen or to measure its area. The disadvantages of the air-gap method are (1) that it can be used effectively for precise measurements only with a guard-ring type of cell (or holder) and (2) that the thickness of the specimen must be measured more precisely than when contact electrodes are used. The second requires that the specimen must be very carefully prepared to a uniform thickness. This means that a three-terminal measurement must be made and such measurements can in general only be made at frequencies of 100 KHz and below.
The Times of Harold Hotelling

While at Stanford, Hotelling began teaching in both the areas of mathematics and the burgeoning new theory of statistics. One can see from the names of the courses he taught that he was developing his statistical insights through his pedagogy. His first offering was in the theory of probability and in statistical inference, and by 1926–27, he was also teaching differential geometry and topology. His expertise in this emerging discipline of statistics led to his appointment as an Associate Professor of Mathematics at Stanford by 1927. Clearly, he had made a great impression at a relatively young age of 31 and at one of the best schools in the West.