cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Chemokine Interleukin-8 Regulates Parathyroid Secretion

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemokine important in inflammatory processes. Homology cloning experiments performed using bovine parathyroid cDNA and degenerate primers encoding transmembrane regions III and VI of peptide and protein hormone G-protein coupled receptors identified a set of known receptors not previously identified in the parathyroid. Among these was the IL-8 type B receptor. Incubation of freshly isolated bovine parathyroid cells with recombinant IL-8 for 6-48 h produced an increase in the levels of mRNA for parathyroid hormone (PTH). The levels of PTH secreted in response to nanomolar amounts of IL-8 were also elevated in cells incubated for 1 h with IL-8. Differential display analysis of mRNA from parathyroid cells, incubated in the presence and absence of IL-8, permitted the identification of cDNA clones for RNA species whose expression was either elevated or suppressed. These experiments suggest that IL-8 and inflammatory events play a role in bone homeostasis through actions on the parathyroid gland.
A case study of penetrative convection and gravity waves over the PROFS mesonetwork on 23 July 1983

This paper describes the evolution of two thunderstorms which developed over northeastern Colorado on 23 July 1983, and more significantly discusses the possible causal relationship between them. In particular, a disturbance apparently created by the first thunderstorm, which developed over the eastern slopes of the Rocky mountains, seems to have triggered the second thunderstorm, which developed further east over the high plains. We present evidence that suggests that the disturbance is a rapidly propagating gravity wave (possibly a solitary wave of depression) that occupied most of the troposphere and was generated by the explosive convective development of the first thunderstorm. Detailed observations of the interactions between these two storms were possible because both storms developed over a dense network of automated weather stations that provided high temporal and spatial resolution surface measurements of pressure, temperature, precipitation, and horizontal wind velocity. Also located within this mesonetwork was a high power 915 MHz wind profiler that provided radial velocities throughout most of the troposphere. These measurements were supplemented with GOES visible and infrared satellite imagery and operational data from National Weather Service rawinsondes and weather radars.
Frattini subgroups and supernilpotent groups

In the context of the problem of which nonabelianp-groups can occur as normal subgroups contained in Frattini subgroups, the family of supernilpotent groups (all maximal subgroups characteristic) is investigated. Results of this investigation are applied to the Frattini-embedding problem, incorporating recent work of A. R. Makan. The groups of order 2n (n ≦ 6) have been examined with respect to supernilpotence and their occurrence as normal subgroups contained in Frattini subgroups. Results of this examination are presented.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RAT HY POTH AL AM IC SOM ATOST AT IN-14

A peptide with somatostatin-like immuno- and bioactivity has been isolated from 1165 rat hypothalami by using antisomatostatin affinity chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The isolated peptide is indistinguishable from synthetic somatostatin-14 with respect to chromatographic properties and amino acid composition. We therefore propose that rat hypothalamic somatostatin-14 is identical in structure to somatostatin-14 found in other species.
Growth and accretion of energy and protein in the gravid uterus during late pregnancy in Holstein cows.

Multiparous Holstein cows (n = 18) were bred artificially to the same bull and then slaughtered at times ranging from 190 to 270 d postconception to assess accretion of energy, protein, fat, and ash by the conceptus. Wet weights, dry weights, and concentrations of energy, CP, crude fat, and ash were obtained for the following: fetus, combined amniotic and allantoic fluids, fetal membranes, cotyledons, caruncles, and uterine tissues. Rates of accumulation of these components in the gravid uterus (sum of all uterine contents) and fetus were described by linear or quadratic equations. Estimated rates of accretion of energy in the gravid uterus (i.e., conceptus) increased from 567 kcal/d at 190 d of gestation to 821 kcal/d at 270 d of gestation; corresponding rates of accretion of CP were 62 and 117 g/d. These daily rates represent net energy and protein requirements for conceptus growth during late pregnancy in mature Holstein cows. Conversion of predicted net energy to metabolizable energy requirements for conceptus growth, using the accepted efficiency factor of .14, yielded estimates that were consistent with current NRC recommendations. Factorial estimation of absorbed protein requirements is hampered by lack of precise information on the efficiency with which absorbed AA are deposited in conceptus tissues.
Magnetron motion and the transfer of ions in a dual cell ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer

Abstract The transfer of ions in a dual cell Fourier transform mass spectrometer can be disrupted in a cyclic manner by magnetron motion. Ions formed and/or trapped in the source cell can move out of alignment with the conductance limit hole which defines the physical opening between the two cells. The oscillations observed in transfer efficiency are consistent with a simple geometric model in which ion motion about the equipotentials in the x—y plane of the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell is slightly displaced relative to the conductance limit hole. Application of bias potentials (about 100 mV) to the source cell excite and receive plates was found to eliminate the magnetron problem more reliably than was possible with mechanical adjustments. Studies of the magnetron motion effect as a function of the bias voltages indicate a significant effect on the spatial distribution of ions in the ICR cell.
Gating-related Structural Dynamics in the Outer Vestibule of KcsA: A Functional and Spectroscopic Analysis

KcsA is activated by intracellular protons through a large conformational change in the inner helical-bundle gate. Further, the selectivity filter and surrounding structures play a crucial role as an inactivation gate in ion conduction. Here, we monitored the conformational changes in the outer-vestibule of KcsA during gating using electrophysiological and EPR measurements to gain insight on dynamic properties of these conformational fluctuations. pH-jump measurements show that Cd2+ facilitates the rate of inactivation of outer-vestibule mutant Y82C-KcsA, however, there is no effect of Cd2+ on the non-inactivating E71A/Y82C-KcsA. This suggests that the outer-vestibule has different conformations in the inactivated and non-inactivated states of KcsA. EPR mobility results show that upon opening the lower gate, Y82C undergoes a significant conformational change only in the E71A (non-inactivating) background and not in inactivated state (wild-type). This conformational change is also evident in tandem dimer Y82C constructs, even when the hydrogen-bond network at the selectivity filter is partially perturbed. Distance measurements using cw-EPR at low temperatures show that the diagonal distance between spin labels bound to tandem-dimer Y82C and E71A/Y82C-KcsA is ∼12 A when the lower gate is closed at pH7. Interestingly, the distance between the spin labels bound to Y82C is found to be 8 and 19 A upon gating in inactivating and non-inactivating forms of KcsA. The change in the Y82C position could be related to the effects of Cd2+ on the rate of inactivation in different functional forms of KcsA. The diagonal inter-spin in the closed state is in excellent agreement with the distance seen in the crystal structure of the spin label linked to Y82C-KcsA in the closed state. These results are interpreted in terms of the conformational transitions in the outer-vestibule during activation and inactivation gating.
PRESENTING CONCERNS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES SEEKING TREATMENT AT A MEDICAL CRISIS COPING CENTER

This study describes children presenting for treatment related to coping with personal or family medical crises and explores use of a medical crisis counseling treatment model across crisis types (...
Internal jugular venous thrombosis as a complication after an elective anterior cervical discectomy: case report.

OBJECTIVE: Anterior cervical discectomy is one of the most common spine procedures in neurosurgery. Various complications, including hoarseness, hematoma, and dysphagia, have been reported in the literature. We report the first case of internal jugular venous thrombosis after an elective anterior cervical discectomy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old woman with past medical history significant only for hypercholesterolemia and cholecystectomy underwent an anterior cervical discectomy with fusion for a symptomatic cervical disc at the C5-C6 level. Intraoperatively, the patient had venous bleeding, which was adequately controlled. The procedure was completed with good hemostasis before closure. The patient was discharged home 1 day after the surgery. She was readmitted 5 days later with a 2-day history of a swollen right neck. The patient had no respiratory symptoms, but did report mild dysphagia. A hematoma was suspected. INTERVENTION: A computed tomographic scan of the neck was performed when the patient presented with cervical swelling. This was suggestive of a right internal jugular venous thrombosis. This diagnosis was confirmed with cervical ultrasound. The patient was seen by the vascular surgery department. The hospital course was otherwise uneventful and the patient was discharged 3 days later on oral anticoagulation with warfarin. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of internal jugular venous thrombosis after an elective anterior cervical discectomy. Internal jugular venous thrombosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with cervical swelling after an anterior cervical discectomy.
The Neurobiological Basis of Reading.

The results from studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in adults have largely revealed the involvement of left-hemisphere perisylvian areas in the reading process, including extrastriate visual cortex, inferior parietal regions, superior temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal cortex. Although the recruitment of these regions varies with the particular reading-related task, general networks of regions seem to be uniquely associated with different components of the reading process. For example, visual word form processing is associated with occipital and occipitotemporal sites, whereas reading-relevant phonological processing has been associated with superior temporal, occipitotemporal and inferior frontal sites of the left hemisphere. Such findings are evaluated in light of the technical and experimental limitations encountered in functional brain imaging studies, and the implications for pediatric studies are discussed.
Business History Holdings at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania

In this essay, Cynthia Little gives a brief overview of the collections of interest to business historians available at the Histical Society of Pennsylvania.
Repetitive Self-Limited Acute Pancreatitis Induces Pancreatic Fibrogenesis in the Mouse

The role of repetitive acute injury in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis remains unknown. To determine if repetitive injury induced by pancreatic hyperstimulation would reproduce the characteristic features of human chronic pancreatitis, acute reversible pancreatic injury was induced in mice by twice weekly cerulein treatment, 50 microg/kg/hr x 6 hr, for 10 weeks. Procollagen alpha1(I) mRNA was markedly increased by week 2. Sirius red staining of interstitial collagen demonstrated progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix surrounding acinar units and in interlobular spaces. Atrophy, transdifferentiation of acinar units to ductlike tubular complexes, and dilatation of intraacinar lumina also developed. Electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of stromal cells in areas of fibrosis with morphologic characteristics of pancreatic stellate cells. These findings demonstrate that, in a murine model, repetitive acute injury to the pancreas by hyperstimulation can reproduce the major morphological characteristics of human chronic pancreatitis.
Relative bioavailability of phosphorus in inorganic phosphorus sources fed to growing pigs.

The relative bioavailability of P in 5 sources of inorganic P was determined using growing pigs. The 5 sources of inorganic P were dicalcium phosphate (DCP), monocalcium phosphate (MCP) containing 50% MCP (MCP50), MCP containing 70% MCP (MCP70), MCP containing 100% MCP (MCP100), and monosodium phosphate (MSP). A total of 11 diets were formulated. The basal diet was formulated to contain 0.10% P, and 10 additional diets were formulated by adding 0.07 or 0.14% P from each of the 5 P sources to the basal diet. Growing pigs (n = 44; initial BW: 16.8 ± 4.3 kg) were individually housed and randomly allotted to the 11 experimental diets. Feed was provided on an ad libitum basis throughout the 28-d experimental period. At the conclusion of the experiment, all pigs were killed, and 4 bones (i.e., the third and fourth metacarpals on both front feet) were harvested. Bone-breaking strength, bone ash, and Ca and P concentrations were determined. The concentration of bone ash increased (P 0.05) from that of pigs fed diets supplemented with MCP50 or MCP70. In conclusion, P in MSP and MCP100 is more bioavailable than P in DCP, but there were no differences within MCP sources.
Diophantine frequency synthesis

A methodology for fine-step, fast-hopping, low-spurs phase-locked loop based frequency synthesis is presented. It uses mathematical properties of integer numbers and linear Diophantine equations to overcome the constraining relation between frequency step and phase-comparator frequency that is inherent in conventional phase-locked loop based frequency synthesis. The methodology leads to fine-step, fast-hopping, modular-structured frequency synthesizers with potentially very low spurs, especially in the vicinity of the carrier. The paper focuses on the mathematical principles of the new methodology and the related number theoretic algorithms
Deterministic Frankfurt cases

According to the principle of alternative possibilities (PAP), people are morally responsible for what they do only if they could have done otherwise. Over the last few decades, this principle has dominated discussions of free will and moral responsibility. One important strand of this discussion concerns the Frankfurt-type cases or Frankfurt cases, originally developed by Frankfurt (J Philos 66:829–839, 1969), which are alleged counterexamples to PAP. One way in which proponents of PAP have responded to these purported counterexamples is by arguing that they fall prey to a dilemma, both horns of which undermine their cogency. Recently, Fischer (Philos Rev 119: 315–336, 2010) has defended the Frankfurt cases against one horn of this dilemma. In this essay, I criticize Fischer’s defense of the Frankfurt cases and argue that he does not successfully show how the cases can avoid this horn of the dilemma. If I am right, then, despite Fischer’s claims to the contrary, the original dilemma plaguing the cases still stands.
On energy efficiency for enterprise and data center networks

In recent years, there has been intense focus on increasing the energy efficiency of IT infrastructure. We advocate the need to consider energy consumption holistically over the entire lifetime of these devices. Life cycle energy considerations include a number of factors, of which operational energy consumption is just one. Of all the IT components, networks have received relatively little attention when it comes to energy efficient operation, and even that has been too focused on operational power consumption. In this article, we describe the challenges relating to life cycle energy management of network devices, present a sustainability analysis of these devices, and develop techniques to significantly reduce network operational power. A distinguishing feature of our work is that it is applicable to legacy devices, and as such can be deployed now, as opposed to waiting for new standards and products to be developed.
Escalation in Late Cretaceous–early Paleocene oysters (Gryphaeidae) from the Atlantic Coastal Plain

More than 1600 valves of Late Cretaceous and early Paleocene Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain gryphaeid oysters (Exogyrinae and Pycnodonteinae) were examined for breakage-induced shell repair and morphologic variability to evaluate the hypothesis of escalation. The Exogyrinae show disproportionately higher average repair frequency (0.41) relative to the ecologically and functionally similar unornamented pycnodonts (0.19). An increase in repair frequency (independent evidence of the action of a selective agent, e.g., predation) through the stratigraphic interval supports escalation. Variation in repair frequencies may reflect differences in oyster morphology and in the strength and diversity of shell crushers across an onshore-offshore gradient. Escalation of antipredatory adaptation characterized the evolutionary response of gryphaeid oysters to their durophagous predators. Adaptation generally occurred by the enhancement of existing traits in both oyster lineages. Characters that confer a selective advantage against predators are not all expressed or improved concurrently in both oyster lineages. Morphologic adaptations to minimize shell breakage include the development of expansive, broad commissural shelves, thickened valves, and surface ornamentation (Exogyrinae). Surface ornament in the Exogyrinae gradually increased with time. For some characters, such as thickness, conflicting functional demands (e.g., valve stabilization) may have limited adaptation to predators.
Hour-long adaptation in the awake early visual system.

Sensory adaptation serves to adjust awake brains to changing environments on different time scales. However, adaptation has been studied traditionally under anesthesia and for short time periods. H...
Acute Effects of Limited-Duration Static Stretching on Vertical Jump Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 30- and 60-seconds of static stretching on vertical jump (VJ) performance. Twenty-four participants completed no stretching, 30 seconds and 60 seconds of static stretching per muscle group following a warm-up, then completed three countermovement VJ. There was no difference across all three sessions for any of the dependent measures. Limited-duration static stretching may not impair VJ performance.
Role of Clonidine in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome A Systematic Review

Objective: To provide a systematic review of the current role of clonidine in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Data Sources: A MEDLINE literature search inclusive of the dates 1946 to November 2015 was performed using the search terms clonidine and abstinence syndromes, neonatal. Excerpta Medica was searched from 1980 to November 2015 using the search terms clonidine and newborn. Additionally, Web of Science was searched using the terms clonidine and neon* inclusive of 1945 to November 2015. Study Selection and Data Extraction: We utilized the PRISMA guidelines to select English language, human primary literature, review articles, and supporting data assessing the efficacy of clonidine in the treatment of NAS. Data Synthesis: Three clinical trials and 5 observational studies demonstrated evidence of clonidine’s effectiveness in NAS. Clonidine’s therapeutic use as monotherapy and in combination with other agents was shown to reduce the time needed for pharmacotherapy treatment. Adverse reactions associa...
Fundamental Optima in Thermal Science

This paper addresses a modern trend in heat transfer education, namely, the increasingly important roles played by ‘purpose’ and thermodynamic principles in problem formulation. The answers to such basic questions represent an emerging class of fundamental optima (extrema) that are redefining thermal science. The combined heat transfer and thermodynamics models and analyses are extremely simple and brief. The method is illustrated by means of six examples: maximum rate of ice production, optimal on & off operation of defrosting refrigerators and power plants with heat exchangers that experience fouling, optimal allocation of heat exchanger equipment in power plants and refrigeration plants, and optimal spacing between elements in a fixed volume with natural or forced convection.
The Interaction of Light and Temperature in Coturnix

Abstract INTRODUCTION THE effect of seasonal changes in light and temperature is apparent in the reproductive cycle of birds such as coturnix, also referred to as Japanese quail. The corresponding changes in feed consumption related to gonadal development, however, has been a neglected area of investigation. Light has been considered the prime factor in hastening sexual maturity in coturnix and other bird species, but temperature has also been implicated. The unraveling of this complex relationship of light and temperature effects on reproduction requires a controlled environment facility, and a close examination of reproductive capacity and energy intake. The objectives of these experiments were to determine the effects of light-temperature interactions on the gonadal function and energy consumption of old and young adult coturnix, and further to determine the amount of feed intake associated with egg formation. METHODS Two experiments with very similar protocol were completed in the avian bioclimatic chambers at…
Analysis of hypervitamin D in 75 children caused by vitamin D injecti on

Objective: To analyze hypervitamin D caused by vitamin D injection in children. Methods: 25OHD3 were detected after using reversed-phase HPLC for 75 children in our hospital during 1994 to 2002. The serum level of 25OHD3 was dete rmined for each child. Serum 25OHD3 above the laboratory normal range was define d as hypervitamin D for the present study. Results: Of the 75 children with hype rvitamin D, the lowest serum 25OHD3 was 64.58nmol/L, the highest 833.74nmol/L. 7 3.33% (55/75) children received VD injection at the dose of VD 300,000 IU once o nly; 26.67% (20/75) children received VD injections more than one time, nine of whom showed clinical sign(s) of hypervitamin D. Conclusions:High dose vitamin D injection is the main cause of hypervitamin D, especially in the cases of multip le injections. 25OHD3 determination can identify and prevent hypervitamin D at e arly stage.
Study on the Speaking during the Listening Class of the Intermediate Level

It is important to lay emphasis on stage research of listening class,an independent course.It is not enough only to expound its independence from"the comparison with speaking".The intermediate stage should be differentiated from the initial stage,by enlarging the proportion of"speaking".On the basis of comprehensible input,students should speak more to deepen their understanding,to cause the short-term memory to become the long-term memory,and thus to develop their ability of using language,so as to acquire the target language,Chinese.
Rediscovering the health status of native americans

The demographic and health characteristics of the Native American population differ from those of the general population. A review is provided for concerned pediatric dental practitioners.
A bone marrow stromal cell line is a source and target for platelet-derived growth factor.

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates multipotent and erythroid progenitors as well as stromal fibroblasts. Any of the three dimeric forms of PDGF (AA, AB, or BB) could potentially interact with these cells; however, the precise cellular origin of PDGF production in the bone marrow microenvironment is not known. In the present study, we found that medium conditioned by MBA-2, murine bone marrow-derived endothelial cells, contains PDGF activity that competes for [125I]PDGF binding to human foreskin fibroblasts and is mitogenic for these fibroblasts. Northern analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from MBA-2 shows the expression of both PDGF A-chain and B-chain mRNAs. Because cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) regulate hematopoiesis and stimulate PDGF in certain mesenchymal cells, we determined whether TGF-beta influences PDGF secretion and gene expression in MBA-2. TGF-beta induced PDGF A-chain and B-chain mRNAs and the release of PDGF activity. Each of the three PDGF isoforms also stimulated DNA synthesis in MBA-2, but with different potency (BB = AB = AA). Ligand binding studies showed specific binding of labeled PDGF BB and, to a lesser extent, PDGF AA isoform, consistent with predominant expression of the PDGF-beta receptor in MBA-2. These data show that murine endothelial stromal cells release PDGF activity and respond to PDGF. Local production of PDGF in the marrow microenvironment may play an important role in regulating hematopoietic and stromal cell proliferation.
American Brachytherapy Task Group Report: Adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy for early-stage endometrial cancer: A comprehensive review

Abstract This article aims to review the risk stratification of endometrial cancer, treatment rationale, outcomes, treatment planning, and treatment recommendations of vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) in the postoperative management of endometrial cancer patients. The authors performed a thorough review of the literature and reference pertinent articles pertaining to the aims of this review. Adjuvant VBT for early-stage endometrial cancer patients results in very low rates of vaginal recurrence (0–3.1%) with low rates of late toxicity which are primarily vaginal in nature. Post-Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Cancer 2 (PORTEC-2) supports that VBT results in noninferior rates of vaginal recurrence compared to external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of high-intermediate risk patients. VBT as a boost after external beam radiotherapy, in combination with chemotherapy, and for high-risk histologies have shown excellent results as well though randomized data do not exist supporting VBT boost. There are many different applicators, dose-fractionation schedules, and treatment planning techniques which all result in favorable clinical outcomes and low rates of toxicity. Recommendations have been published by the American Brachytherapy Society and the American Society of Radiation Oncology to help guide practitioners in the use of VBT. Data support that patients and physicians prefer joint decision making regarding the use of VBT, and patients often desire additional treatment for a marginal benefit in risk of recurrence. Discussions regarding adjuvant therapy for endometrial cancer are best performed in a multidisciplinary setting, and patients should be counseled properly regarding the risks and benefits of adjuvant therapy.
Budgie in the mirror: An exploratory analysis of social behaviors and mirror use in the Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

Despite their prevalent use amongst avian species, particularly in Budgerigars, the relationship between mirror use and social behaviors is in need of elucidation. After establishing social behavior measures (e.g., agonistic and pair-bond data) in a colony of Budgerigars, mirrors were introduced and subsequent use was documented. Results illustrated a significant relationship between mirror use and pair-bonds, such that mirror use increased with increasing pair-bond strength. The authors posit that individual differences in gregariousness may best account for the obtained results, with certain birds seeking more social stimulation than others, whether it be from a pair-bond or from its own reflected mirror image. Additionally, the trends observed within agonistic behaviors were consistent with previous avian literature such that those who initiated more encounters also won more encounters and that there was a preference to be closer to birds that win more encounters.
Tumor in the Neck

For large tumors in the neck, wide margins often cannot be obtained because of the multiplicity and importance of anatomical structures. For most patients, however, it should be possible to follow removal of the gross tumor with adjuvant modalities such as radiation if the margins are considered inadequate. The illustrations in this chapter show a patient with a mass in the left lower neck and may serve as a model for the removal of tumor masses located in this area.
Neuronal sodium channels: emerging components of the nano-machinery of cardiac calcium cycling.

Excitation-contraction coupling is the bridge between cardiac electrical activation and mechanical contraction. It is driven by the influx of Ca2+ across the sarcolemma triggering Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) - a process termed Ca2+ -induced Ca2+ release (CICR) - followed by re-sequestration of Ca2+ into the SR. The Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger inextricably couples the cycling of Ca2+ and Na+ in cardiac myocytes. Thus, influx of Na+ via voltage-gated Na+ channels (NaV ) has emerged as an important regulator of CICR both in health and in disease. Recent insights into the subcellular distribution of cardiac and neuronal NaV isoforms and their ultrastructural milieu have important implications for the roles of these channels in mediating Ca2+ -driven arrhythmias. This review will discuss functional insights into the role of neuronal NaV isoforms vis-a-vis cardiac NaV s in triggering such arrhythmias and their potential as therapeutic targets in the context of the aforementioned structural observations.
The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions scale (CCNES): Psychometric properties and relations with Children's emotional competence

SUMMARY The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale(CCNES) is an increasingly used self-report instrument consisting of six subscales that reflect different ways parents respond to their young children's negative emotions. However, psychometric testing of this scale has not been conducted. In two studies, we examine its psychometric properties. In the first study, 101 parents (mostly mothers) completed the CCNES and a variety of other scales. The results reveal that the CCNES is internally reliable and has sound test-retest reliability and construct validity. Factor analysis of the structure of the CCNES suggests that there may be only four rather than six subscales. In the second study, we examined the predictive validity of the CCNES to 36 children's emotional competence (decoding and expressiveness). The supportive subscales (positively) and parental distress (negatively) predicted children's decoding, whereas emotional encouragement (positively) and nonsupportive parenting (negatively) predicte...
Neurodegeneration: Taming tangled tau.

The protein Tau forms abnormal filamentous aggregates described as tangles in the brains of people who have dementia. Structures of two such filaments offer pathways to a deeper understanding of the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. See Article p.185
Improving the FLORIS wind plant model for compatibility with gradient-based optimization:

The FLORIS (FLOw Redirection and Induction in Steady-state) model, a parametric wind turbine wake model that predicts steady-state wake characteristics based on wind turbine position and yaw angle,...
Are You Smart Enough? How Colleges’ Obsession With Smartness Shortchanges Students

In Are You Smart Enough? How Colleges’ Obsession With Smartness Shortchanges Students, Alexander Astin asserted that U.S. higher education’s preoccupation with traditional notions of student intell...
SuFEx Click Chemistry Enabled Late-Stage Drug Functionalization

Sulfur(VI) Fluoride Exchange (SuFEx) is a new family of click chemistry transformations which relies on readily available materials to produce compounds bearing the SVI–F motif. The potential of SuFEx in drug discovery has just started to be explored. We report the first method of SuFEx chemistry for the conversion of phenolic compounds to their respective arylfluorosulfate derivatives in situ in 96-well plates. This method is compatible with automated synthesis and screening to quickly assess the biological activities of the in situ generated, crude products. Using this method, we perform late-stage functionalization of a panel of known anticancer drugs to generate the corresponding arylfluorosulfates. These in situ generated arylfluorosulfates are directly tested in a cancer-cell growth inhibition assay in parallel with their phenolic precursors. We discover three arylfluorosulfates that exhibit improved anticancer cell proliferation activities compared to their phenol precursors. Among these three comp...
A Prophetic Radical Reform of the Church: The Last Word of Bartolomé de las Casas

In 1566, after several decades of intense and exhausting endeavors to influence and shape the policy of the Spanish state and church regarding the Americas, years of drafting countless historical texts, theological treatises, colonization projects, prophetic homilies, juridical complaints, political utopias, and apocalyptic visions, Bartolome de Las Casas knows very well that the end is at hand: the end of his life and the end of his illusions of crafting a just and Christian empire in the New World. It is a moment of searching for the precise closure, the right culmination of a human existence that since 1502 had been intimately linked, as no other person of his time, to the drama of the conquest and Christianization of Latin America, a continent, as has been so aptly asserted, “born in blood and fire.
Current and Future Directions for Angiosarcoma Therapy

Angiosarcomas are rare vascular neoplasms that are among the most aggressive subtypes of soft tissue sarcomas. Surgical resection is often challenging even in localized disease, as the infiltrative nature of these cancers leads to frequent local and metastatic recurrences. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, including anthracycline-based regimens and taxanes can produce significant responses in a subset of patients but durability is limited with most patients ultimately succumbing to metastatic disease. Targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is usually well-tolerated but prone to development of resistance. Few head-to-head trials have addressed the optimal sequence of therapies, or demonstrated conclusive benefits of one therapy over another based on clinical and etiologic factors. Novel therapies in clinical trials, including antibodies to endoglin and checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated exciting early activity in patients with angiosarcoma. Improved understanding of the genetic heterogeneity within various angiosarcoma subtypes may identify predictive biomarkers to match patients to effective existing and future therapies. Overall, angiosarcoma patients with optimal performance status are best served in clinical trials that incorporate novel combinations of cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies.
Developing More Competitive Proposals: Relationship between Contractor Qualifications-Based Proposal Content and Owner Evaluation Scores

AbstractConstruction contractors have historically been procured through price-driven methods. Yet the increased use of alternate project delivery methods, along with owner-perceived concerns over ...
Combat Experience and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Military-Serving Parents: a Meta-Analytic Examination of Associated Offspring and Family Outcomes

In this meta-analysis, we review findings on the relationships between parental combat exposure and PTSD/PTSS in military-serving families and (1) parenting problems, (2) family maladjustment, and (3) offspring problems. We systematically searched for studies in PsycInfo, PsychArticles, Psychology and Behavior Sciences Collection, Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress (PILOTS), and PubMed/Medline as well as conducted manual searches. Search procedures identified 22 eligible studies, including 20 studies examining relationships between parental PTSD/PTSS and parenting, family, and/or offspring outcomes and 8 studies examining relationships between parental combat exposure and parenting, family, and/or offspring outcomes. Random effects meta-analytic models estimated omnibus associations between parental combat exposure/PTSD and pooled Family Difficulties, as well as individual relationships between parental combat exposure and PTSD/PTSS and parenting, family adjustment, and offspring outcomes. Small-to-moderate effect sizes were observed in the omnibus meta-analysis examining relationships between parental PTSD/PTSS and pooled Family Difficulties, and in the meta-analysis examining relationships between parental PTSD/PTSS and parenting problems, between parental PTSD/PTSS and poor family functioning, and between parental PTSD/PTSS and offspring problems. Associations between parental combat exposure and pooled Family Difficulties, as well as between parental combat exposure and parenting problems were smaller in magnitude. PTSD/PTSS among military-serving parents is associated with increased problems in the family environment, including parenting problems, family maladjustment, and offspring problems, whereas combat exposure alone is not as strongly associated with such family difficulties. Moderator analyses are presented and discussed as well. When military-serving parents show psychological symptoms, professionals should consider allocating resources to target broader family issues.
Activation of innate immunity influences salivary gland function and development of Sjögren’s Syndrome (93.33)

Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive lymphocytic infiltration within the exocrine glands. Loss of salivary gland (SG) function is a major feature of the disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of innate immunity activation in pathogenesis of SS. Mice were repeatedly injected with TLR3 agonist poly(I:C), and monitored for SG function and sialadenitis. Poly(I:C) treatment rapidly induced SG hypofunction. However, SG function was restored, once poly(I:C) treatment was terminated. This phenomenon was independent of the genetic background of the mice, and did not require T and B cells. Mice deficient in IFNAR1 and thereby lacking type I IFN signaling, did not loose SG function to the same extent as the wild type mice. In the autoimmune-prone NZB/W F1 mice, poly(I:C) treatment induced severe and accelerated sialadenitis. The SG in these mice showed presence of T-B cell aggregates and germinal center formation. Some of the T cells in these infiltrates were CXCR5+ICOS+ Tfh cells. Significant up-regulation in the expression of IL-21 and Il-21R genes was seen in the SG of poly(I:C) treated mice. This study demonstrates that activation of innate immunity in a genetically susceptible individual modulates the development of SS. This study also shows that type I IFN can adversely affect SG function and that IL-21 pathway and Tfh cells might be important in the pathogenesis of SS.
Effect of hypothermia (20–25°C) on mitosis in PtK1 cells

Abstract PtK 1 cells enter prophase and complete mitosis at 24–25°C but are inhibited from entering prophase at 20–21°C. Cells which have progressed up to midprophase at 24–37°C return to interphase when cooled to 20–21°C, but those in late prophase complete a normal, although prolonged mitosis. If prophase cells which have reverted to interphase at 20–21°C are incubated at 24–37°C they reenter prophase and complete mitosis. This temperature-induced prophase-interphase-prophase transition can be repeated several times on the same cell. At 24–25°C the process of spindle formation (i.e. prometaphase to the initiation of anaphase) encompasses approximately 75% of the total mitotic interval, with a duration of 8–12 h, compared to about 50% of the mitotic interval and a duration of 0.5 to 1.0 h at 37°C.
The Molecular Basis of Cannabinoid Activity: Application to Therapeutics Design and Discovery for Cannabis Use Disorders

The endocannabinoid signaling system is a ubiquitous means of (sub) cellular information transduction. Investigation of the system’s molecular components and the biochemical processes they participate in was stimulated some 25 years ago by seminal evidence that Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the principal psychoactive component of Cannabis sp., exerts its psychotropic effects mainly through engaging and activating a class-A (rhodopsin-like) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), in the central nervous system. Subsequent investigations have explored the mechanisms of action of other phytocannabinoids (e.g., cannabidiol) and the principal endogenous cannabinoid lipid transmitters in humans and other mammals [the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)], leading to the identification of an additional cannabinoid receptor [cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R)] and insight into the key physiological roles of the enzymes monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in terminating, respectively, 2-AG and AEA signaling functions. The importance of the endocannabinoid system in regulating many biological processes has stimulated the design and synthesis of structurally diverse small molecules as candidate therapeutics targeted to CB1R, CB2R, MGL, or FAAH. Given the increasing prevalence of legalized social and medicinal cannabis use and the emergence of ultra-potent, synthetic cannabinoids as illicit “street drugs,” current medicinal chemistry efforts aim to address the public health problems presented by cannabis use disorders (CUDs), both acute (e.g., cannabis overdose) and chronic (i.e., addiction). Within this context, this review discusses various therapeutic modalities targeted to CB1R, CB2R, MGL, and FAAH and highlights their potential to yield CUD therapies. Intrinsic pharmacological properties of CB1R neutral antagonists and MGL and FAAH inhibitors are regarded as key to potentially safe and efficacious medications for treating acute cannabis toxicity and/or CUDs.
Academic metrics and the community engagement of tertiary education institutions: emerging issues in gaming, manipulation, and trust

Community engagement has played central roles in tertiary education, expanding the potentials for academic as well as civic enhancement. Such efforts are often undertaken in part with the use of metrics, as tertiary education institutions attempt to reach various community audiences with quantitatively-supported defenses of their missions, through research analyses and publications, and with their participation in formal institutional ranking systems. However, dramatic expansions of the use of metrics and the importance of publications in academics have fostered gaming and manipulation practices designed to enhance artificially both individual and institutional reputations, including predatory journal administration, coercive citation, forced joint authorship, paper mill and ghostwriting efforts, H-index manipulation, creation of bogus documents, development of fraudulent academic conferences, and many others, as well as falsified research itself. As they emerge in the press or in watchdog reports, such questionable practices can disturb delicate negotiations concerning the respective roles of communities and academic institutions as well as be perceived by some community members as violations of trust. The practices can be especially harmful when associated with celebrity or “star” academics who often are granted substantial institutional leeway. This study maps an assortment of these emerging practices from a community engagement perspective; it also analyzes recent discourse as to the impacts the normalizations of these problematic practices are having on community-academic interactions. It discusses strategies toward making production and use of academic metrics and related research output less easily manipulated and more worthy of trust both by academic participants and the community as a whole.
Comparing Outcomes of Medical Management and Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms due to BPH

Compare outcomes of medical therapy as compared to minimally invasive surgical therapy (MIST) for treatment of bladder outlet obstruction Treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) remains largely driven by patient symptomatology with medical therapy or watchful waiting as the first-line management strategies. However, most patients are not adherent to prescribed medical therapies and are hesitant to accept the risks associated with more invasive therapies. Minimally invasive surgical therapies are treatments providing short-term symptom relief superior to medical therapies without the sequela of more invasive procedures. Though there are few direct comparisons, MIST seems to relieve LUTS/BPH symptoms at least as well as medical therapy without the need for daily adherence.
Assessing protein sequencing in human single hair shafts of decreasing lengths.

Abstract Hair evidence is commonly found at crime scenes and is first analyzed using microscopy techniques. Hair can be processed for DNA analysis, but nuclear DNA analysis may result in a partial or no profile, and mitochondrial DNA analysis is less discriminatory. Single amino acid polymorphisms (SAPs) in hair shaft keratin proteins that result from non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the genome are being studied as a method of supplementing microscopic comparison of questioned and known hair evidence. Most studies, however, use large amounts of hair (on the order of hundreds of centimeters of hair shaft length), not representative of operational practice in typical forensic casework analyses. Using a recently developed method of hair shaft protein extraction, this study determines how decreasing hair shaft sample length (i.e., 2 cm to 0.12 cm) affects the identification of hair proteins. For example, in 2 cm hair shaft samples, 16 hair shaft keratin proteins, KRT31-40 and KRT80-86, were high-abundant proteins identified with ˜65% average sequence coverage and 44 peptides on average per protein. When the hair shaft samples were decreased to 0.12 cm, this method still identified 15 hair shaft keratin proteins (i.e., except for KRT40) with ˜47% average sequence coverage and 26 peptides on average per protein. This study demonstrates that even with samples as small as 0.12 cm, hair shaft keratin proteins can still be reliably identified and potentially used forensically. Additionally, using the protein extraction technique described in this study, the adequate hair shaft length required for analysis should be in the range of 0.5 cm to 2 cm. Thus, peptide sequencing for SAP identification can be compatible with forensic casework sample sizes.
Genetic Diversity in Taro ( Colocasia esculenta )

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is an ancient, tropical root crop that is morphologically diverse with over 10,000 landraces. It is the fifth most produced root crop in the world and is mainly grown in tropical Africa, China, New Guinea, and many Pacific islands. Taro typically is grown for its starchy corm (i.e., underground stem), although leaves and flowers also are eaten as vegetables. There is controversy over its geographic center of origin, but this is likely to be in the Indo-Malayan area. Evidence indicates that it was domesticated, possibly independently, across an area that ranges from northeast India to Yunnan province in China to New Guinea. Within Micronesia and Polynesia, where taro is a staple crop, the genetic base is very narrow. Genetic diversity within the taro germplasm is significantly greater in Asia and New Guinea. The exploitation of this diversity could lead to the development of cultivars with greater disease resistance, and improved yields and corm quality. Taro is a neglected crop in terms of recent advances in molecular biology, with only a limited number of studies utilizing next-generation transcriptome and genome sequencing. At present, a high-quality reference genome is lacking; however, recent genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approaches promise to improve our understanding of taro genetics.