cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of polariton lasing in a crystalline anthracene microcavity

The lasing threshold for crystalline anthracene sandwiched within an optical microcavity consisting of two dielectric Bragg reflectors (DBRs) is found to decrease by an order of magnitude as temperature is reduced from 300 to 12 K while maintaining an energy dispersion characteristic of the cavity polariton across the entire temperature range studied. The linear temperature dependence differs from a conventional organic semiconductor laser that shows practically no variation in threshold over the same temperature range. The two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) critical density and its relation to the polariton lasing threshold is considered in the thermodynamic limit along with other temperature-dependent processes that are used to explain our observations.
Conversion of Polyethylene Terephthalate Based Waste Carpet to Benzene-Rich Oils through Thermal, Catalytic, and Catalytic Steam Pyrolysis

Management of carpet wastes has become a substantial environmental issue in the United States. Specifically, reutilization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from waste carpet is increasingly problematic because of the steadily growing market share of PET-based carpets and the very low value of their wastes. In this work, we investigate pyrolysis as an option for repurposing PET carpet wastes. In particular, slow and fast, thermal and catalytic pyrolyses, with and without the co-feeding of steam, are investigated in terms of their selectivity to monoaromatic products. It is seen that higher temperatures increase the conversion of PET to aromatic hydrocarbons. Pyrolysis at slow heating rates is very selective to benzene production. Thermal pyrolysis of waste carpet produces significant amounts of benzoic acid and acetylbenzoic acid as liquid products, whereas catalytic pyrolysis enhances the decarboxylation of these acids, producing aromatic hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 and CaO are effective catalysts for enhancin...
An RSM/EVM Flow/Heat Transfer Model Applied to Pre-Transitional and Turbulent Boundary Layers

*† An eddy viscosity model for the turbulent mixing of thermal energy is used to complement the MARV Reynolds stress model. The Reynolds stress model governs the (bypass) transition of the boundary layer velocity profile and provides turbulence properties for the calculation of an eddy viscosity used in the energy equation. The model is applied to a high turbulence turbine cascade, flat plate transition in favorable pressure gradients, and stagnation line heat transfer. Both the data and the model show turbulent enhancement of heat transfer prior to the increased skin friction due to transition. Nomenclature
On a new factor in passive anaphylaxis

After active sensitization guinea-pigs remain hyper-sensitive for at least three years—probably for life. After passive sensitization with homologous serum, i. e., with the blood of an immune guinea-pig, they retain the sensitive condition so conferred for a period of 60 or 70 days at least. After passive sensitization with heterologous serum, i. e., with the blood of immune rabbits, they lose the sensitive condition in 10 days or less. This rapid loss has never been explained. It might theoretically be due to the development by the injected guinea-pig of immune substances directed against the introduced rabbit serum, which would then neutralize or destroy the rabbit anti-bodies, on the presence of which sensitization depends. This theory would explain the fact that the injected guinea-pigs retain their sensitiveness for about ten days, which would correspond to the time necessary to develop antibodies.In order to test this idea, normal guinea-pigs were given a subcutaneous injection of normal rabbit seru...
Locating computer generated holograms in 3D using precision aligned SMRs

We demonstrate micron-level alignment of SMR references to patterns written on computer generated holograms, allowing the use of a laser tracker for precision alignment of CGH metrology systems.
Generic metric to quantify quorum sensing activation dynamics.

Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to sense and respond to changes in their population density. It plays a critical role in controlling different biological functions, including bioluminescence and bacterial virulence. It has also been widely adapted to program robust dynamics in one or multiple cellular populations. While QS systems across bacteria all appear to function similarly—as density-dependent control systems—there is tremendous diversity among these systems in terms of signaling components and network architectures. This diversity hampers efforts to quantify the general control properties of QS. For a specific QS module, it remains unclear how to most effectively characterize its regulatory properties in a manner that allows quantitative predictions of the activation dynamics of the target gene. Using simple kinetic models, here we show that the dominant temporal dynamics of QS-controlled target activation can be captured by a generic metric, ‘sensing potential’, defined at a single time point...
Discrepancies Between Prescribed and Actual Pediatric Home Parenteral Nutrition Solutions.

Background: Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is increasingly prescribed for pediatric patients with complex medical conditions. Commercial vendors are widely available to compound HPN. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of discrepancies between written HPN prescriptions and commercially compounded solutions, as well as to record the associated severity of harm from discrepancies. Methods: From January to April 2013, 2 clinical pharmacists independently and prospectively reconciled HPN compounding records with electronic prescriptions (gold standard) during all routine ambulatory encounters to a multidisciplinary HPN program. Types, severity, and causes of discrepancies were recorded. Results: Sixty-one unique patients were identified for inclusion during 117 visits. HPN solutions were compounded at 13 unique vendors across 14 states. Of all 100 compounding records, 46 (46%) contained at least 1 discrepancy, with a total of 60 discrepancies identified, affecting 34 of 61 (56%) patients. Th...
The Reliability of a "Negative Prostate Needle Biopsy": A Retrospective Review of 99 Cases of Radical Prostatectomy

Background: Despite the recent debates about the effectiveness of PSA as a screening test for prostate cancer, effectiveness of prostate needle biopsy (PNB) as a diagnostic test has not received much attention. We are comparing PNB results to subsequent radical prostatectomy (RP) findings to evaluate the effectiveness …
Emile Durkheim's Theory of Integration in Differentiated Social Systems:

An examination of Emile Durkheim as a theorist is undertaken, with an emphasis on his formulation of abstract theoretical principles. Operating from the assumption that Durkheim formulated some of ...
Chloride sources in urban and rural headwater catchments, central New York.

Abstract Road salt used as a deicing agent in winter months has become an emerging contaminant to streams and groundwater. In central New York, road salts are applied heavily during winter months. Recognizing potential sources of salinity to a river may reveal processes controlling the salinization of freshwater systems, with implications for future management practices. The Tioughnioga River, located in central New York, is a headwater of the Susquehanna River, which flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Salinity of the Tioughnioga River water has been increasing since the late 1930s. In this study, water samples were collected weekly at the East and West Branches of the Tioughnioga River from 2012 to 2014. We characterize natural and anthropogenic sources of salinity in the Tioughnioga River, using two independent approaches: (1) chloride to bromide ratios (Cl/Br) and (2) linear discriminant analysis. Ratios of Cl/Br suggest that road salt runoff influence is notable in both branches, but is more significant in the West Branch, consistent with a greater area of urban land. Linear discriminant analysis confirms the results of Cl/Br in the West Branch and further indicates presence of Appalachian Basin Brines in the East Branch, although their contribution may be volumetrically small. Longitudinal stream Cl concentration profiles indicate that sources of pollution are particularly concentrated around urban areas. Residence time of Cl in the watershed is estimated to be approximately 20 to 30 years using a mixing model, suggesting that stream Cl concentrations likely will continue to rise for several decades.
Complete responses in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate with cisplatin regimens.

AbstractWe describe 3 patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate who achieved a complete response with regimens containing cisplatin. Two patients received cyclophosphamide and weekly cisplatin, and 1 was given cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin. All 3 patients had extensive pulmonary metastasis at initiation of chemotherapy. One patient, who also had massive local disease, suffered an isolated brain metastasis 9 months after completion of chemotherapy but he remains in systemic remission 5 months later. Another patient had bilateral brain metastases 3 months after achieving complete remission with chemotherapy, followed 4 months later by systemic relapse. The third patient, who also had bone and bone marrow metastasis, is free of disease 20 months after completion of chemotherapy. In contrast, none of 14 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and other sites treated with the same regimens obtained a complete response. Advanced transitional cell carcino...
Inhibition of Pancreatic Secretion by the Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor, 2-Acetylamino-l,3,4-Thiadiazole-5-Sulfonamide (Compound No. 6063).∗:

SummaryIntravenous injection of 2-acetylamino −1,3,4 - thiadiazole-5-sulfonamide (compound No. 6063) in pancreatic fistula dogs results in a marked reduction in the volume output and the bicarbonate concentration of pancreatic secretion following stimulation with secretin. Since this compound is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase activity in vivo, it is likely that this reduction in secretory activity results from a similar inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase present in the pancreas. This supports the view that this enzyme plays a dominant role in bicarbonate formation by this gland.Statistical analyses of the concentration-volume data will be published later in a detailed report of this work.
Policy Analysis: Minimum Wage in the Portland Metropolitan Area

Oregon’s current minimum wage of $9.25 per hour is unsustainable as it does not provide adequate nutritional resources or housing for full time workers. Additionally, employers of minimum wage workers often rely on social safety net benefits for their workers, which effectively publicly subsidizes wages. This creates an unnecessary burden on the taxpayer. Oregon Senate Bill 1532 increases the minimum wage incrementally within Portland’s Metropolitan Area to $14.75 in 2022. This wage provides full time minimum wage workers enough income for adequate nutrition and reasonable housing while reducing worker reliance on social safety net programs.
A Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet: The Right to Freedom of Expression Versus Copyright Protection

This paper defends the adoption, by Brazilian legislation, of safe harbors that exempt online service providers from any civil liability arising from the violation of copyrighted material uploaded by third parties. Such exemption is justified because in the lack thereof, websites would be transformed into censors of what might or not be shared online, undermining the great expansion of freedom of expression rights that were made possible by the Internet. This paper is divided in six different sections. The first introduces the aforementioned theme; the second describes the concept of safe harbor regulations present in the legislation and legal doctrines of different jurisdictions around the world, including the safe harbors now being discussed in Brazil; the third presents case law from the United States, France, Italy, and Germany to discuss how these safe harbors are being interpreted around the world; the fourth presents the way Brazilian tribunals have been deciding matters regarding third party content on the web; the fifth uses the proportionality test applicable in jurisdictions such as Germany and Brazil to justify the establishment of safe harbors; and the sixth briefly concludes what was previously discussed.
What is the Standard of Treatment for Plantar Psoriasis

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Psoriasis is a systemic condition with several dermatological manifestations that affect many individuals on a daily basis. According to Langley et al in a study titled “Psoriasis: epidemiology, clinical features, and quality of life,” psoriasis affects 2% of the American population, which is approximately 6 million people. Out of these 6 million people, approximately 2–3% are affected by palmoplantar psoriasis (Farber et al). Plantar psoriasis in particular can cause significant functional and social disabilities. To date there is paucity of information regarding the standard of treatment for plantar psoriasis. We will attempt to compile and summarize the research that will help doctors treat patients with plantar psoriasis using evidence-based medicine. METHODS: A thorough review of the literature that has been published regarding the care of plantar psoriasis will be investigated and summarized. In this effort, we aim to create a resource to aid the physician in designing a...
Convective moisture adjustment time scale as a key factor in regulating model amplitude of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation

Despite its pronounced impacts on weather extremes worldwide, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains poorly represented in climate models. Here, we present findings that point to some necessary ingredients to produce a strong MJO amplitude in a large set of model simulations from a recent model inter-comparison project. While surface flux and radiative heating anomalies are considered important for amplifying the MJO, their strength per unit MJO precipitation anomaly is found to be negatively correlated to MJO amplitude across these multi-model simulations. However, model MJO amplitude is found to be closely tied to a model's convective moisture adjustment time-scale, a measure of how rapidly precipitation must increase to remove excess column water vapor, or alternately the efficiency of surface precipitation generation per unit column water vapor anomaly. These findings provide critical insights into key model processes for the MJO, and pinpoint a direction for improved model representation of the MJO.
Intrinsic Properties of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are polymeric chains of nucleotides consisting of purines and pyrimidines attached to ribose or deoxyribose (nucleosides) and phosphates crosslinking the sugars from 3′ to 5′ position. Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acids typically occur in a double helix with A opposite T and G opposite C. Ribonucleic acids generally do not occur in such a rigidly defined structure, but have the capacity to form double-stranded regions when the bases can be hydrogen-bonded in a sufficiently long section so that there is thermodynamic stability. In double-stranded nucleic acids, reactions at hydrogenbonded sites are prevented by the unavailability of protons. However, it should be pointed out that even at temperatures below melting there is sufficient reversible thermal denaturation, so-called breathing, to allow some reactivity in a double-stranded polynucleotide. In addition, near the site of replication all nucleic acids are single-stranded. Thus, the terms single-stranded and double-stranded are relative, not absolute.
The SMARTER pilot study: Testing feasibility of real-time feedback for dietary self-monitoring

Self-monitoring (SM) of food intake is central to weight loss treatment. Technology makes it possible to reinforce this behavior change strategy by providing real-time feedback (FB) tailored to the diary entry. To test the feasibility of providing 1–4 daily FB messages tailored to dietary recordings via a smartphone, we conducted a 12-week pilot randomized clinical trial in Pittsburgh, PA in US in 2015. We compared 3 groups: SM using the Lose It! smartphone app (Group 1); SM + FB (Group 2); and SM + FB + attending three in-person group sessions (Group 3). The sample (N = 39) was mostly white and female with a mean body mass index of 33.76 kg/m2. Adherence to dietary SM was recorded daily, weight was assessed at baseline and 12 weeks. The mean percentage of days adherent to dietary SM was similar among Groups 1, 2, and 3 (p = 0.66) at 53.50% vs. 55.86% vs. 65.33%, respectively. At 12 weeks, all groups had a significant percent weight loss (p < 0.05), with no differences among groups (− 2.85% vs. − 3.14% vs. − 3.37%) (p = 0.95); 26% of the participants lost ≥ 5% of their baseline weight. Mean retention was 74% with no differences among groups (p = 0.37). All groups adhered to SM at levels comparable to or better than other weight loss studies and lost acceptable amounts of weight, with minimal intervention contact over 12 weeks. These preliminary findings suggest this 3-group approach testing SM alone vs. SM with real-time FB messages alone or supplemented with limited in-person group sessions warrants further testing in a larger, more diverse sample and for a longer intervention period.
Control of mercury from Kjeldahl wastes

A simple, inexpensive, five-step process that reduces the total mercury concentration of Kjeldahl waste solutions to less than .05 ppm is described. Experimental reagents and procedures used are discussed. The method specifies sodium sulfide to precipitate ionic mercury, followed by a calcium carbonate-aided filtration. The residual mercury content of treated calcium carbonate-filtered effluent ranged from .04-.007 ppm with an average of .02 ppm for 10 determinations. 1 graph, 7 references.
Persistence of bone voids after calcaneal bone-graft harvest.

Objectives:The complications associated with iliac crest bone-graft harvest have resulted in the development of alternative harvest sites. Lower extremity alternative sites that have been reported ...
Virtual perceived emotional intelligence: How high brand loyalty video game players evaluate their own video game play experiences to repair or regulate emotions

Abstract The study examined high brand loyalty video game players’ perceptions of their own emotional intelligence, ability to seek out gratifications, and how they evaluated their own media consumption experiences during video game play. A randomized national sample of six hundred and two participants (N = 602) ages 25-years-old to 35-years old was procured by a private company. They were asked to take a survey and answer questions about their own video game play habits related to the theories and variables. It was found that high brand loyalty video game players who perceived themselves to have high perceived emotional intelligence were inclined to seek out discernible gratifications from video game play, were aware of their feelings during video game play, and were able to obtain sought after gratifications. Practitioners should create strategies to evaluate high brand loyalty video game players’ awareness during video game play, as this is a niche audience segment that possesses strong brand loyalty toward video game play and is likely to replay select video games.
Metronomic therapy with 5-FU, weekly nab-paclitaxel, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin, plus bevacizumab for advanced pancreatic cancer: A phase II study.

e14582 Background: The objective of this open label phase 2 study was to evaluate low-dose continuous (metronomic) chemotherapy given in conjunction with conventional anti-VEGF therapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Continuous infusion of 5FU, calcium leucovorin plus paclitaxel and oxaliplatin has been shown to be active in patients with pancreatic cancer. As a protracted low dose infusion, 5FU is anti-angiogenic and has been demonstrated to be synergistic with bevacizumab. Bevacizumab and nab-paclitaxel are synergistic as seen in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: Since July 2008, we treated 40 patients with 5FU (180mg/m2/day x 14 days) via an ambulatory pump. Calcium leucovorin (20mg/m2) IVP, nab-paclitaxel (100mg/m2) IV as a 30 minute infusion and oxaliplatin (75mg/m2) IV as a 60 minute infusion were given on days 1, 8, and 15. Bevacizumab (5mg/kg) IV over 30 minutes was given on days 1 and 15. Cycles were repeated every 35 days. There were 24 females and 16 males. The median age w...
Pseudotumor cerebri comorbid with meningioma: A review and case series.

Background Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC), which has a prevalence in the general population of 1 to 2 out of 100,000, presents with raised intracranial pressure (ICP) but generally lacks a space occupying lesion. Case Description Patient 1 is a 32-year-old woman with a history of multiple meningiomas. Upon presentation to our institution, her clinical exam was notable for a right sixth nerve palsy. An integrated diagnosis of PTC was made and shunting for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion was recommended. Approximately 6 weeks after surgery, the patient exhibited complete symptom resolution and discontinued all medications. Patient 2 is a 40-year-old woman with history of meningioma causing partial obstruction of the right transverse sigmoid sinus. She agreed to undergo surgery for the left ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement, for management of her PTC. Postoperatively, the patient reported that her vision significantly improved. Patient 3 is a 49-year-old woman with history of meningioma who presented with left visual field cut. A right frontal VP shunt was recommended for the treatment of PTC. Postoperatively, the patient reported significant symptom improvement and resolution of visual complaints. Conclusion This case series demonstrates that it is important to keep PTC in the differential diagnosis even when mass lesions such as meningiomas are discovered. Although PTC, as the name indicates, is classically diagnosed in patients without intracranial tumors, it is critical that this not be used as an absolute exclusion criterion. Finally, this case series supports the hypothesis that venous obstruction can result in PTC.
An Optically Decodable Bead Array for Linking Imaging and Sequencing with Single-Cell Resolution

Optically decodable beads link the identity of an analyte or sample to a measurement through an optical barcode, enabling libraries of biomolecules to be captured on beads in solution and decoded by fluorescence. This approach has been foundational to microarray, sequencing, and flow-based expression profiling technologies. We have combined microfluidics with optically decodable beads to link phenotypic analysis of living cells to sequencing. As a proof-of-concept, we applied this to demonstrate an accurate and scalable tool for connecting live cell imaging to single-cell RNA-Seq called Single Cell Optical Phenotyping and Expression (SCOPE-Seq).
Laparoscopic repair of umbilical hernias in conjunction with other laparoscopic procedures.

ABSTRACT Background: This study evaluates the feasibility of lapa-roscopic transfascial suture repair of umbilical herniaswhencombinedwithanotherlaparoscopicprocedurethatpotentially contaminates the peritoneal cavity. Method: From August 1997 to November 2001, 32 pa-tients underwent laparoscopic umbilical suture repair inassociation with another laparoscopic procedure. The re-pair was performed with the Carter-Thomason suture pas-ser. Results: Of the 32, 26 patients with more than 1-yearfollow-up were included in the study. The mean diameterof the umbilical hernia defect was 1.67 cm (range, 0.5 to3). At a mean follow-up of 34 months (range, 12 to 60),there were only 2 recurrences (7.7%) both of which hap-pened in patients with hernia defects larger than 2 cm indiameter. Apart from 2 wound infections, no other com-plications occurred. Conclusion: Laparoscopic suture repair of umbilical her-nias with the suture passer method is effective and dura-ble even when combined with other laparoscopic proce-dures that potentially contaminate the peritoneal cavitywith bile or enteric contents.
Short-term hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia improve insulin action but do not alter glucose action in normal humans.

Tissue glucose uptake occurs by insulin-dependent and insulin-independent mechanisms. To evaluate the effect of mild hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on the parameters responsible for glucose dis...
Server CPU Package Design Using PoINT Architecture

The package serves as the space transformer between the fine pitch Silicon bumps and the slowly scaling board pins. Over the last few years we have witnessed ~20% CAGR of IO pins driven by performance needs. This leads to the ratio of space transformation to be quite high and introduces multiple challenges. A novel package architecture called PoINT (Patch on Interposer) is used on Intel server CPUs which helps with on-package integration and provide the most optimal performance at the lowest cost. PoINT uses 2 substrates-a HDI substrate that interfaces with the die and an LDI substrate that interfaces with the board. The 2 substrates are interconnected using a Mid-Level Interconnect (MLI). In the paper we illustrate the design requirements and challenges and the interaction of various multi-physics aspects that need co-optimisation to make this architecture successful.
Successful Treatment of Scar Pain with Scrambler Therapy

Scar pain from thoracotomy, hepatectomy, or similar operations is distressing and difficult to treat. Scrambler Therapy is a novel form of superficial neuromodulation that has been effective in treating different types of neuropathic pain. We report here two cases of dramatic relief from disabling scar pain with one or two sessions of Scrambler Therapy.
MÁSCARAS Y TRENZAS: REFLEXIONES UN PROYECTO DE IDENTIDAD Y ANÁLISIS A TRAVÉS DE VEINTE AÑOS

Author(s): Montoya, Margaret E. | Abstract: From their inception, names—including first names, surnames, names of groups, and even story, book, and academic article titles—are embedded with meaning and coded with identity, and over time, they become layered with nuance and memory. In 1992, when I wrote my original article, I named it “Mascaras, Trenzas, y Grenas,” using Spanish to embed a rhetorical signal to the reader that s/he was being invited into the lived experiences (and legal reasoning) of a Latina. The first of several narratives begins with me as a seven-year-old child in Las Vegas, New Mexico. Thus, the article begins in “Brown space”—that is, the location, the perspective, the idioms, and the cultural references are intentionally racially and ethnically “Brown,” with skin color and phenotype serving as a synecdoche for the Latina/o racial category.
Evaluation of chemical polymers as coagulation aids to remove suspended solids from marine finfish recirculating aquaculture system discharge using a geotextile bag

Abstract Traditionally used in the construction and excavation industries to remove solids from runoff, geotextile fabric tube (Geotube) technology has been adopted by freshwater aquaculture facilities as a method of effluent management. The effectiveness of a Geotube is improved by using chemical polymers to bind suspended solids in the effluent for greater retention; however, polymers used in freshwater systems may not be effective in marine systems. Using laboratory jar tests, seven organic polymers of different molecular weights and ionic charges were evaluated at doses ranging from 0 to 50 ppm for solids removal efficiency (SRE) from effluent from a marine (33 ppt) finfish RAS growing black sea bass. Of the seven polymers screened, two cationic high molecular weight polyacrylamide polymers Drewfloc (DF) 2449 and DF 2468 had high SRE of total suspended solids (TSS) (36.1–84.4 %). Further tests using miniature geotextile bags confirmed that DF 2449 at 10 ppm and DF 2468 at 5 ppm had high SRE (73.3–75.9%) compared to the untreated control (43.4 %). When applied to a commercial-scale Geotube, DF 2449 at 10 ppm removed 92.1 % of the TSS in the effluent of the marine finfish RAS growing black sea bass. Rinsing the saline biosolids with freshwater at a rate of 1.63 L per 100 g dry solids reduced the salinity to
Wideband Model Order Estimation Using Machine Learning

We apply two classification machine learning methods, one versus all logistic regression and a simple neural network, to estimate the model order or number of sources for parametric direction of arrival estimation using a wideband dataset with low snapshots and a range of signal to noise ratios. This particular scenario is of interest because it is common in the radar ice sounding datasets collected by the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets. We compare results with six standard model order estimation methods that use various functional forms for the cost function. We also compare against a numerically tuned method which is related to the machine learning methods, but the simple optimization method was not as capable as the machine learning methods and the cost function formulation is different. We find that the machine learning based methods outperform all the compared methods for our test cases, suggesting that this is a promising solution to the wideband model order estimation problem.
Modeling Solute Transport in the WinSRFR Surface Irrigation Software

AbstractA solute transport model has been added to the WinSRFR surface irrigation software package. The model uses advective-dispersive principles to predict the flow of solute with the irrigation ...
Early septal reduction therapy for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Objective This study was conducted to determine the influence of early septal reduction therapy (SRT) after referral on survival in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods We reviewed the patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (resting pressure gradient ≥30 mm Hg or provoked pressure gradient ≥50 mm Hg) who were evaluated at our clinic from 2000 to 2012. Early SRT was defined as undergoing septal myectomy or alcohol septal ablation during the 6 months after index evaluation. Survival after the 6-month landmark period was analyzed in a multivariable Cox model. Results A total of 1351 patients were included in the landmark analysis. Patients who were more symptomatic and had received more medical treatment at index evaluation were more likely to undergo early SRT. Over a median follow-up period of 10.2 years, the survival was comparable (P = .207) but patients undergoing early SRT had, on average, improved survival compared with the medical treatment group (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.90) after adjustment by age and comorbidities. Further analysis revealed significant treatment heterogeneity, with increased benefit of early SRT seen in women (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.75), those who are in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.76), and patients without diabetes (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.82). Conclusions In experienced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy centers, early SRT is similar to continued medical treatment for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It appears to improve survival of female patients and those who are in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV.
Creation of an Online Interprofessional Education Module for Executive Public Health Students

Responding to the 2016 Council on Education for Public Health foundational competency requirement that students demonstrate the ability to “perform effectively in interprofessional teams,” the dist...
Discovery of the calcium, indium, tin, and platinum isotopes

Abstract Currently, twenty-four calcium, thirty-eight indium, thirty-eight tin, and thirty-nine platinum isotopes have been observed and the discovery of these isotopes is discussed here. For each isotope a brief synopsis of the first refereed publication, including the production and identification method, is presented.
Multidisciplinary approach to enhancing provider well-being in a metropolitan medical group in the United States.

Physician burnout refers to depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and a sense of lower personal accomplishment. Affecting approximately 50% of physicians in the United States, physician burnout negatively impacts both the physician and patient. Over a 3-year-period, this prospective study evaluated the multidisciplinary approach to decreasing provider burnout and improving provider well-being in our metropolitan community. A multidisciplinary Well-Being Task Force was established at our Institution in 2017 to assess the myriad factors that may play a role in provider burnout and offer solutions to mitigate the stressors that may lead to decreased provider well-being. Four multifaceted strategies were implemented: (1) provider engagement & growth; (2) workflow/office efficiencies; (3) relationship building; and (4) communication. Providers at our Institution took the Mayo Clinic’s well-being index survey on 3 occasions over 3 years. Their scores were compared to those of providers nationally at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after implementing organizational and individualized techniques to enhance provider well-being. Lower well-being index scores reflected better well-being. The average overall well-being index scores of our Institution’s providers decreased from 1.76 at baseline to 1.32 2 years later compared to an increase in well-being index scores of physicians nationally (1.73 to 1.85). Both male and female providers’ average well-being index scores at our Institution decreased over the 3 years of this study, from 1.72 to 1.58 for males and 1.78 to 1.21 for females, while physicians’ scores nationally increased for both genders. The average well-being index scores were highest for providers at our Institution who graduated from medical school less than 5 years earlier (2.0) and who graduated 15–24 years earlier (2.3), whereas the average lowest scores were observed in providers who graduated ≥25 years earlier (1.37). Obstetricians/gynecologists and internal medicine physicians had the highest average well-being index scores (2.48 and 2.4, respectively) compared to other medical specialties. The turnover rate of our Institution’s providers was 5.6% in 2017 and 3.9% in 2019, reflecting a 30% decrease. This study serves as a model to reduce provider burnout and enhance well-being through both organizational and individual interventions.
Learning Disruption, Digital Divide, and COVID-19 Management Measures in India

School closures as a preventive strategy for the spread of COVID-19 has led to a learning disruption among children in most countries. We study the efficacy of a set of pandemic management measures (PMM) adopted by the Government of India in dampening the adverse impact of COVID-19 on children’s education. By adopting a simple theoretical framework, we conduct comparative statics to analyze the effects of policies such as strict social distancing, provision of online classes, and stimulus packages on the net benefit from education. Our study suggests that while mandates of school closure can diminish the adverse effect on the net benefit from education, keeping children away from school for extended periods may hamper their learning potential. We posit that provision of online classes can aid the recovery in decline in net benefits. However, due to the prevalence of digital divide among students, ones facing acute inaccessibility of online classes experience a greater disruption in learning than their peers, who do not face such technological barriers. With the implementation of a targeted stimulus package, learning disruption tends to be lower for technologically deprived students. From a policy perspective, we recommend that a targeted education stimulus package to prevent learning disruption has the potential to decelerate the decline in net benefits from education in times of a crisis.
Creation of Simulation-Based Curriculum of Perioperative Emergencies for Residents in Anesthesiology.

Introduction: Crisis management is difficult to practice and evaluate for resident learners and leadership given the rarity of these events in clinical practice. However, simulation provides a medium to bridge this gap. We identified a need for simulation in our anesthesiology residency program to help residents learn to treat perioperative emergencies. Objective: To describe the process of curriculum development, content, and early outcomes of a simulation-based curriculum for the management of perioperative emergencies for all levels of anesthesiology learners. Materials and methods: Curriculum development began in the Spring of 2019 and simulations began in August 2019. All anesthesiology residents rotating at a single center through December 2020 were eligible. Each resident was given their own simulation scenario detailing a specific perioperative emergency and then debriefed as a group afterward. All residents participating in the scenario were given a post-simulation survey assessing the value of the educational experience, relevance to their level of training, and quality of learning environment. Results: Out of 90 eligible residents, 79 participated in the study (87%). Overall, 100% of participants completed the post-simulation survey; 100% of residents reported that the curriculum was useful to their education; 98% of residents reported that the curriculum was relevant to their training level; 99% of residents reported that the simulation was an engaging learning experience. Conclusion: A simulation-based curriculum of perioperative emergencies for anesthesiology residents is feasible to implement, viewed as worthwhile by trainees, and can foster education in a different learning environment.
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: An Unusual Presentation of Recurrent Malignant Melanoma.

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a syndrome characterized by bleeding into the alveolar spaces of the lungs, secondary to disruption of the alveolar-capillary basement membrane. While numerous disease processes have been associated with DAH including certain malignancies, to the best of our knowledge, recurrent malignant melanoma has not been previously described in the literature as a cause of DAH. Here, we present a case of a 73-year-old female with a history of malignant melanoma of the left shoulder status post wide local incision two years prior, who presented with complaints of progressive shortness of breath without productive cough or hemoptysis. On examination, she was hypoxemic and required high-flow nasal cannula initiation. Initial investigation revealed a hemoglobin of 4.6 g/dL. Computed tomography of the chest with contrast revealed multiple areas of rounded infiltrates with air bronchograms, mediastinal adenopathy, and a right pleural effusion. Diagnostic bronchoscopy revealed findings of recent bleeding throughout the tracheobronchial tree with progressively bloody bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) suggestive of DAH. BAL cytology was positive for malignant melanoma. After a comprehensive workup that excluded the common causes of DAH, we present the first case of DAH caused by recurrent malignant melanoma.
Associations between Polymorphisms in Phase II Enzymes and Circulating Sex-Steroid Hormones in White Postmenopausal Women

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in enzymes that metabolize sex steroid hormones were associated with the blood levels of these hormones in postmenopausal women and if the use of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) could modify this association. METHODS Baseline data were collected from 932 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Minnesota Green Tea Trial. Participants filled out a questionnaire about their demographics, lifestyle factors, and medical and reproductive history. Free, bioavailable, and total serum levels of reproductive hormones were measured through liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. For genotyping of UGT1A1 (rs10928303), UGT1A4 (rs10929301, rs11673726), UGT1A6 (rs1105879, rs2070959, rs6759892), UGT1A8 (rs10167119), UGT2B7 (rs7439366), and SULT1A1 (rs9282861, rs1968752), mass spectrometry based on multiplex methods and TaqMan assays were performed. Adjusted linear models were fit to assess the associations between SNPs and blood hormones using age, body mass index (BMI), and MHT as covariates. RESULTS The mean age was 59.8 years, and the mean BMI was 25.1 kg/m². Past or recent use of MHT was reported by 41.2% of the participants. SNPs in SULT1A1 (rs1968752 and rs9282861) and UGT1A4 (rs11673726) genes were significantly associated with estrone levels, whereas SNPs in UGT1A6 (rs6759892) and UGT1A8 (rs10167119) genes were significantly associated with bioavailable estradiol levels. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that MHT use modified the association between SNPs and sex-steroid hormone levels; however, further studies are needed to establish the potential clinical significance of UGT1A4 (rs11673726), UGT1A6 (rs6759892), and UGT1A8 (rs10167119) SNPs and the modulation of hormone levels in postmenopausal women.
Streamflow changes in Alaska between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: The influence of glaciers

[1] Streamflow data from 35 stations in and near Alaska were analyzed for changes between the cool phase (1947–1976) and the warm phase (1977–2006) of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Winter, spring, and summer flow changes and maximum annual flow changes were different for glaciated basins (more than 10% glacier-covered area) than for nonglaciated basins, showing the influence of glaciers on historical streamflow changes. Mean February flows, for example, increased for the median of available stations by 45% for glaciated basins and by 17% for nonglaciated ones.
Virology and immunology of gene therapy, or virology and immunology of high MOI infection with defective viruses.

Virology and immunology of gene therapy, or virology and immunology of high MOI infection with defective viruses
New Concept In Optimizing Manipulability Index Of Serial Manipulators Using SVD Method

Studying the Manipulability index for every point within the workspace of any serial manipulator is considered one of the important problems, required for designing trajectories or avoiding singular configurations. We had to go through this problem for our project of optimizing D-H parameters of extending for Mitsubishi which is existed at our lab. First step is to get all points within the workspace envelope with different manipulability bands and to find most the high band to start forward kinematic design and optimization of additional s parameters.
Parental attitudes do not explain underimmunization

Objective This article describes the results of a community-based study to determine the effect of family knowledge and attitudes on the immunization rates of a random sample of children younger than 2 years in the poorest census tracts of Baltimore. Design and methods The two sources of data were (1) parent interviews that provided data on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to immunization and sociodemographic characteristics, and (2) medical record audits from which data on immunization status were obtained. The protection motivation theory, a model of behavioral change, was used to select the variables to assess the relation of parental attitudes with immunization status. A multivariate logistic regression analysis included only variables found to be significantly associated with immunization outcome in the preliminary analysis. Results Mothers were well informed and generally had favorable attitudes toward immunizations. Immunization status was more strongly associated with the sociodemographic characteristics of the children than with the protection motivation theory variables. Only two protection motivation theory variables were associated with more than one immunization outcome. The children of mothers who perceived that timing of vaccination did not matter were less likely to be immunized than children of care takers who thought that it did matter and children whose parents believed in the safety of multiple immunizations were less likely to be immunized than children whose parents did not hold this belief. Conclusions In this study, parents' attitudes and beliefs had little effect on their children's immunization levels. Interventions intended to heighten parental awareness about immunization may have little impact. In poor urban neighborhoods, African-American children whose mothers are young, have multiple siblings, and do not use the Women, Infants and Children program may be at highest risk for delayed immunization.
Altered contractile properties of fast and slow skeletal muscles from db/db mice (1102.16)

In the db/db mouse, leptin receptor mutation results in a model of metabolic syndrome. Initial hyperinsulinemia brought on by hyperphagia is followed by peripheral insulin resistance, elevated bloo...
Program inference from traces using multiple knowledge sources

This paper presents an overview of a framework for the synthesis of high-level program descriptions from traces and example pairs in an automatic programming system. The framework is described in terms of a methodology and a rule base for generating control and data structure specifications for the program to be synthesized, in a format suitable for transformation into program code in a given target language.
Universal Health Insurance in Massachusetts

The Massachusetts Health Security Act is the first universal-access financing legislation in the country, and sets a precedent for providing health coverage for the 600,000 uninsured in the state. The bill is the product of prolonged negotiation among hospitals, business interests, insurers, and advocates of universal access, who debated the extent of benefits, the cost of care, and the system which will monitor and regulate its provision. While the bill represents an important first step in addressing the service requirements of the uninsured, it falls short of meeting the needs of the underinsured, for example, elderly persons unable to afford Medex insurance to supplement Medicare coverage. The article reviews the points of negotiation which led to adoption of the bill.
Management of Recurrent Stricture Formation after Transverse Vaginal Septum Excision

Background. A transverse vaginal septum (TVS) is a rare obstructing anomaly, caused due to improper fusion of Mullerian ducts and urogenital sinus during embryogenesis. Case. A 15-year-old girl presented with primary amenorrhea. She had multiple congenital anomalies. Initial examination and imaging investigation revealed the presence of a unicornuate uterus and a TVS. The TVS was excised; however the patient was unable to perform vaginal dilation postoperatively leading to recurrent stricture formation. She underwent multiple surgeries for excision of the stricture. The patient was eventually evaluated every day in the clinic until she was able to demonstrate successful vaginal dilatation in the presence of a clinician. Summary and Conclusion. Properly guided regular and intensive vaginal dilation after TVS excision may decrease the need of reoperations due to recurrent stricture formation.
The Role of Laparoscopy

• Laparoscopic evaluation of the peritoneal cavity permits magnified visualization of peritoneum and intra-abdominal organs with less tissue trauma than laparotomy. • Laparoscopy can detect pus, feces, bile or blood — facilitating the identification of the source of intra-abdominal pathology and estimating its severity. • Whether the therapeutic procedure is laparoscopic or conventional depends on the findings, the patient's condition, and the complexity of the planned procedure. • Advantages of laparoscopy over laparotomy include reduced perioperative pain, shorter hospital stay, quicker recovery, and decreased wound complications, particularly wound infection and incisional hernias. In addition, laparoscopic procedures result in improved cosmesis and greater patient satisfaction.