cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyper-entanglement based system with enhanced resolution, signal to noise ratio, and measurement time

A hyper-entanglement based atmospheric imaging/detection system involving only a signal and an ancilla photon will be considered for optical and infrared frequencies. Only the signal photon will propagate in the atmosphere and its loss will be classical. The ancilla photon will remain within the sensor experiencing low loss. Closed form expressions for the wave function, normalization, density operator, reduced density operator, symmetrized logarithmic derivative, quantum Fisher information, quantum Cramer-Rao lower bound, coincidence probabilities, probability of detection, probability of false alarm, probability of error after M measurements, signal to noise ratio, quantum Chernoff bound, time-on-target expressions related to probability of error and resolution will be provided. The effect of noise in every mode will be included as well as loss. The system will provide the basic design for an imaging/detection systems functioning at optical or infrared frequencies that offer better than classical angular and range resolution. Optimization for enhanced resolution will be included. The signal to noise ratio will be increased by a factor equal to the number of modes employed during the hyper-entanglement process. Likewise, the measurement time can be reduced by the same factor. The hyper-entanglement generator will typically make use of entanglement in polarization, energy-time, orbital angular momentum, etc. Mathematical results will be provided describing the system’s performance as a function of loss mechanisms and noise.
Logical Relations among the Principles of Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics

Five propositions used in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are formulated: detailed balance, microscopic reversibility, the ergodic hypothesis, the Second Law, and a restriction on the transition probabilities which will be termed the "$\ensuremath{\lambda}$ hypothesis." It is shown that the last three propositions are equivalent. The ergodic hypothesis and detailed balance together are proved to be equivalent to microscopic reversibility. This shows that microscopic reversibility is a stronger condition that the Second Law. The results are discussed in connection with Onsager's principle.
Fabrication and characterization of uranium–thorium–zirconium hydrides

Abstract Two uranium–thorium–zirconium hydrides, (UTh 4 Zr 10 )H 1.9 and (U 4 Th 2 Zr 9 )H 1.5 , have been fabricated and characterized. Fabrication involved arc melting of the constituent pure metals to form homogenous alloys, followed by hydriding at elevated temperatures in a hydrogen gas environment. The compounds were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. These methods revealed a multi-phase mixture of δ-zirconium hydride (ZrH 1.6+ x ), thorium–zirconium hydride (ThZr 2 H 7− x ), and uranium metal. The elastic modulus was mapped across the microstructure using nanoscale dynamic stiffness mapping. The elastic modulus of ThZr 2 H 7− x phase is found to be 172 GPa.
Generalized Displacement Structure for Block-Toeplitz,Toeplitz-Block, and Toeplitz-Derived Matrices

The concept of displacement structure has been used to solve several problems connected with Toeplitz matrices and with matrices obtained in some way from Toeplitz matrices (e.g., by combinations of multiplication, inversion, and factorization). Matrices of the latter type will be called Toeplitz-derived (or Toeplitz-like, close-to-Toeplitz). This paper introduces a generalized definition of displacement for block-Toeplitz and Toeplitz-block arrays. It will turn out that Toeplitz-derived matrices are perhaps best regarded as particular Schur complements obtained from suitably defined block matrices. The new displacement structure is used to obtain a generalized Schur algorithm for fast triangular and orthogonal factorizations of all such matrices and well-structured fast solutions of the corresponding exact and overdetermined systems of linear equations. Furthermore, this approach gives a natural generalization of the so-called Gohberg-Semencul formulas for Toeplitz- derived matrices.
Multi-omic network signatures of disease

To better understand dynamic disease processes, integrated multi-omic methods are needed, yet comparing different types of omic data remains difficult. Integrative solutions benefit experimenters by eliminating potential biases that come with single omic analysis.We have developed the methods needed to explore whether a relationship exists between co-expression network models built from transcriptomic and proteomic data types, and whether this relationship can be used to improve the disease signature discovery process. A naive, correlation based method is utilized for comparison. Using publicly available infectious disease time series data, we analyzed the related co-expression structure of the transcriptome and proteome in response to SARS-CoV infection in mice. Transcript and peptide expression data was filtered using quality scores and subset by taking the intersection on mapped Entrez IDs. Using this data set, independent co-expression networks were built. The networks were integrated by constructing a bipartite module graph based on module member overlap, module summary correlation, and correlation to phenotypes of interest. Compared to the module level results, the naive approach is hindered by a lack of correlation across data types, less significant enrichment results, and little functional overlap across data types. Our module graph approach avoids these problems, resulting in an integrated omic signature of disease progression, which allows prioritization across data types for down-stream experiment planning. Integrated modules exhibited related functional enrichments and could suggest novel interactions in response to infection. These disease and platform-independent methods can be used to realize the full potential of multi-omic network signatures.
Computing term translation probabilities with generalized latent semantic analysis

Term translation probabilities proved an effective method of semantic smoothing in the language modelling approach to information retrieval tasks. In this paper, we use Generalized Latent Semantic Analysis to compute semantically motivated term and document vectors. The normalized cosine similarity between the term vectors is used as term translation probability in the language modelling framework. Our experiments demonstrate that GLSA-based term translation probabilities capture semantic relations between terms and improve performance on document classification.
Herpes Simplex Virus Skin Infection in Hairless Mice: Treatment with Antiviral Compounds

A hairless mouse-herpes simplex virus skin infection experimental model was used to evaluate the efficacy of the antiviral compounds 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A), 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR), and 6-azauridine (aza-U). Ara-A and IUdR, when administered intraperitoneally by several different dosage schedules, reduced the severity of cutaneous herpetic lesions and the incidence of paralysis and increased significantly the number of survivors. A more rapid healing of the lesions and an increase in the mean survival time also was observed. A delay of 24 to 48 h in the initiation of treatment after the infection was more effective than treatments started at the time of inoculation. Treatment with ara-A was somewhat superior to that with IUdR, but aza-U was totally ineffective. Enhancement of the evolution of the infection was noted after treatment with aza-U.
Filamentous fungal growth assay: Correlation between [U-14C] glucose uptake and dry weight determinations

The filamentous fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes was grown in [U-14C] glucose supplemented nutrient broth. Growth was monitored in 200 μl microcultures and 5 ml macrocultures by measuring the incorporation of 14C into trichloroacetic acid-insoluble macromolecules and in macrocultures by dry weight determination. Adjustment of the specific activity of the [U-14C] glucose medium supplement from 1080 μCi/mmole to 108 μCi/mmole decreased the rate of isotope uptake and prolonged availability so that growth beyond 36h could be monitored radiometrically. The dry mycelial weight of the fungus was directly proportional (r=0·995) to the amount of isotope incorporated. Isotope uptake in microcultures and macrocultures was kinetically identical. These data clearly indicate that the uptake of 14C by T. mentagraphytes can be used to monitor fungal growth accurately in both macrocultures and microcultures.
Phase-sensitive dynamics of bichromatically driven two-level atoms.

Observations of qualitatively different coherent transient phenomena associated with bichromatic optical excitation are reported. The effects demonstrated include the control of atomic dynamics through a variation of the initial relative phase of the driving fields and the polarization of population within atom-field dressed states. The dynamics observed are fundamentally more complex than those characteristic of monochromatically driven atoms.
Evolution of the organization and function of insect homeotic complexes

Abstract In Drosophila, the Antennapedia complex (ANTC) and bithorax complex (BXC) include homeotic (Hox) genes regulating developmental commitments in the relatively anterior and posterior portions of the embryo, respectively. The ANTC includes other developmentally significant genes as well. The beetle Tribolium has a single complex including orthologs of all of the homeotic genes and at least the non-homeotic genes zerknullt and fushi tarazu ; a single complex is likely to be typical of insects in general. Available data suggest that the Tribolium complex includes large transcription units and intergenic distances important to the elaborate regulation of some Drosophila homeotic genes. Expression patterns and mutant phenotypes of homeotic genes in Tribolium indicate that it shares with Drosophila a colinearity between chromosomal order and function along the anterior–posterior axis (with one exception in common as well). However, differences between Drosophila, Tribolium and some other species suggest that changes in homeotic gene function have accompanied evolution of the impressive morphological diversity displayed by insects.
Identifying objects in conventional and contorted poses: contributions of hemisphere-specific mechanisms.

Abstract Three experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that different mechanisms are used to encode objects seen in unfamiliar contortions than are used to encode objects seen in conventional poses. When a familiar non-rigid form (e.g. an animal) is seen in a contorted pose, we hypothesize that object identification may be achieved by (1) encoding the object's parts separately, (2) encoding the spatial relations among the parts, and (3) matching these encodings to a stored structural description. However, once this form has become familiar, its global shape can be directly matched to information stored in memory. Based on the idea that `categorical' spatial relations are encoded better by the left cerebral hemisphere and are used in structural descriptions, we predicted a left-hemisphere advantage when one first encodes contorted poses; in contrast, based on the idea that overall shapes are encoded better by the right hemisphere, we predicted a right-hemisphere advantage for encoding the same shapes after they are familiar. Three experiments confirmed these predictions, which supports the hypotheses that different visual mechanisms operate in the recognition of familiar and unfamiliar views of known non-rigid objects. Moreover, correlational analyses between visual-field differences in several perceptual tasks (matching whole pictures to names, body parts to the whole body, and judging categorical spatial relations) revealed that the degree and lateralization of categorical spatial encoding predicts the left hemisphere's initial advantage in the identification of contorted shapes.
The Prognostic Significance of Trisomy 8 in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Recent therapeutic outcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukemia and trisomy 8 (+8) who were seen at our institution were investigated. Complete remission was achieved in 85% with isolated +8, 100% with +8 and chromosomal abnormalities predictive of a favorable outcome, and 47% of patients with +8 and other, mostly complex chromosomal abnormalities. Median relapse-free and overall survivals in months were 5.5 and 12 (isolated +8), 20 and 25 (+8 and favorable karyotype), and 7.5 and 6 (+8 and unfavorable karyotype). Despite an encouraging rate of complete remission, the relapse-free and overall survivals for patients with isolated +8 were not significantly different from those of patients with +8 and unfavorable karyotypes. The presence of +8 did not appear to adversely affect the outcome of patients with favorable karyotypes.
Review of Understanding The Social Security Act: The Foundation of Social Welfare for America in the Twenty-First Century

Dr. W. Robert Brazelton divides this work into three parts and offers an analytical assessment of its value within the American social welfare realm.
California apricot oil

The characteristics and the percentages of the fatty acids present in apricot kernel oil as glycerides have been determined. The oil studied was found to contain about 90.6 per cent of unsaturated acids consisting of a mixture of oleic and linoleic acids. The saturated acids amounted to about 3.6 per cent and were composed almost entirely of palmitic and stearic acids.
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of human parainfluenza 3: role of the neuraminidase in the viral life cycle.

Abstract The function of neuraminidase in the life cycle and pathogenesis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPF3) was studied by analyzing a variant of HPF3 that has decreased neuraminidase enzymatic activity. The variant virus is more fusogenic than the wild-type virus during an acute infection. Cloning and sequencing of the fusion (F) and hemagglutinin–neuraminidase (HN) genes from this variant revealed a single amino acid change in the HN protein and no alterations in the F protein sequence. Analysis of the growth properties of this variant revealed a delay in release of virus particles into the supernatant. Addition of exogenous neuraminidase to the culture resulted in increased release of infectious viral particles, suggesting that the viral neuraminidase is important for release of HPF3 from the infected cell surface. In addition, the behavior of the variant virus during high-multiplicity infection and in the presence of exogenous neuraminidase provided evidence that the neuraminidase of HPF3 determines the outcome of viral infection (cytopathic versus persistent) in cell culture.
On the cancellation of multivariable system zeros by state feedback

The fact that all of the defined zeros of a proper linear multivariable system can be cancelled by an appropiate linear state variable feedback control law is constructively established.
Generalized Hypergeometric Function Solutions on the Transverse Vibration of a Class of Nonuniform Beams

With simple beam theory, solutions of normal functions for transverse vibration of a tapered beam are obtained in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions by the method of Frobenius. For the beams considered, the cross-sectional area and the area moment of inertia vary along the beam according to any two arbitrary powers of the longitudinal coordinate. The frequency equation is formulated, and the numerical results for many different tapered cantilever beams are presented.
A New Hope for Rank and Yank

Using simulations to study the effects of performance appraisal format on workforce performance potential, the authors explore modifications of force distributional rating systems that terminate poor performers each evaluation period. Findings suggest that systems with probationary periods before termination may realize some of the gains in workforce performance potential that traditional “rank and yank” systems pose, while also having the potential to increase fairness perceptions and, in turn, reduce voluntary turnover. Despite perceptions in practice, results show that temporary use of “rank and yank” may do more harm than good in that levels of workforce performance potential may not be maintained.
Lithium-7 nuclear magnetic resonance and calorimetric study of lithium crown complexes in various solvents

Lithium-7 NMR studies have been carried out on lithium ion complexes with crown ethers 12C4, 15C5, and 18C6 in water and in several nonaqueous solvents. In all cases the exchange between the free and complexed lithium ion was fast on the NMR time scale, and a single, population average, resonance was observed. Both 1:1 and 2:1 (sandwich) complexes were observed between lithium ion and 12C4 in nitromethane solution. The stability of the complexes varied very significantly with the solvent. With the exception of pyridine, the stability varies inversely with the Gutmann donor number of the solvent. In general, the stability order of the complexes was found to be 15C5·Li+>12C4·Li+>18C6·Li+. Calorimetric studies on these complexes show that, in most cases, the complexes are both enthalpy and entropy stabilized.
Characterization of the plasma membrane of Mycoplasma laidlawii: VI. Potassium Transport

Abstract K + has been shown to be an absolute requirement for the growth of Mycoplasma laidlawii . A medium has been devised in which K + is the growth-limiting constituent. An internal K + concentration of about 70 mM is maintained over external concentrations ranging from 0.135 to 5.37 mM. Cells have been adapted to grow at concentrations of 0.034 mM. There is no Na + requirement, although there are limitations on the ionic composition of the medium, Rb + can partially substitute for K + . Uptake experiments with 42 K + indicate a half-time for K + exchange of about 5 min. Studies with inhibitors indicate that the exchange is energy dependent and appears to be mediated by sulfhydryl-containing proteins.
Control of the Effective Internal Impedance of Amplifiers by Means of Feedback

The effective internal impedance of an amplifier may be either increased or reduced by the proper choice of one or a combination of several of the following types of feedback: 1. positive current, 2. negative current, 3. positive voltage, or 4. negative voltage. Impedance-reducing feedback has been applied to audio-frequency power amplifiers to flatten the response and improve the loud-speaker damping. Impedance-increasing feedback has been applied to intermediate-frequency amplifiers to increase selectivity without loss of stability.
pH-sensitive mutagenic activity in ozone-treated 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the Salmonella/microsome assay.

Abstract Treatment with ozone inactivates the mutagenicity of many carcinogens in aqueous solution. The colon carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) has been reported an exception; ozone treatment convenrts dimethylhydrazine from a non-mutagen into a mutagen. In the Salmonella/microsone assay, the mutagenicity of ozone-treated dimethylhydrazine was dependent on pH. The ozonation product was a strong mutagen in acidic but was not mutagenic in basic solution. The mutagenicity of the acidic ozonation product was inactivated by raising the pH of the solution. Unlike untreated dimethylhydrazine, its ozonation product in basic solution was not converted to a mutagen in this ozone-low pH system.
Health Orientation, Beliefs, and Use of Health Services Among Minority, High-risk Expectant Mothers

This article reports on initial findings of a continuing longitudinal study investigating the relationships of health beliefs as conceptualized by the health belief model and the use of well-baby services among first-time black mothers. The health beliefs of mothers about their babies were measured before the babies were born and during their use of the services at the baby's first and sixth-month visits. Mothers in the sample who became nonusers of the well-baby services were also interviewed. This report describes the results of the first interview of the 662 females who composed the sample for the study, including the following characteristics of a minority, high-risk population: health orientation, health beliefs about their unborn babies, and use of health services. These findings are discussed with implications for community health nursing practice with maternal clients.
Monitoring forest plantations using landsat thematic mapper data

Abstract Landsat's Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery was used to evaluate its feasibility in differentiating among forest species and age groups of plantations to assist forest managers in planning and managerial operations. The Catahoula and Kisatchie ranger districts of the Kisatchie National Forest were selected as the study site. The Landsat imagery was evaluated on the basis of its spectral band combinations and spatial properties for differentiating among pine species, age groups, stocking rate, and hardwood acreage within the pine plantations. The vector data utilized in the study included the transportation network, hydrography, and the compartment map of the districts. The results revealed that TM imagery is inadequate for differentiating among pine species. However, the differentiation among selected pine age groups was feasible using the band combination of TM Bands 5, 4, and 3. High classification accuracies were achieved with most of the pine age classes for both forest districts. Significant differences were found in differentiating among age groups between the two districts. The 6–10, 11–20, and 21 plus age classes were the major contributors to the differences observed. The small differences observed between the two TM band combinations (TM 5, 4, 3 and TM 5, 4, 3, 2) were not significant. However, the combination of TM Bands 5, 4, and 3 is better based on the higher individual class accuracies and Kappa statistical values produced.
Stereoselective synthesis of both tetrahydropyran rings of the antitumor macrolide, (-)-lasonolide A.

Stereoselective syntheses of both functionalized tetrahydropyran subunits of (−)-lasonolide A are described. These tetrahydropyran rings were constructed using catalytic asymmetric hetero Diels–Alder reactions as the key steps. The C22 quaternary stereocenter present in the upper tetrahydropyran ring was constructed by a stereoselective alkylation, and the C9 hydroxy stereochemistry of the bottom tetrahydropyran was constructed by a stereoselective epoxidation followed by a regioselective epoxide opening reaction.
On the sum of sine products

Abstract Given N⩾1 and d⩾1, we show the existence of positive integers λkj for 1⩽k⩽N and 1⩽j⩽d such that ∑ k=1 N ∏ j=1 d sin λ kj x j ⩽CN (d+1)/(2d+1) for all real x1,…,xN, where C is a constant that depends only on d. This extends a result of Bourgain for the case d=1.
Child maltreatment and mediating influences of childhood personality types on the development of adolescent psychopathology.

The purpose of this study is to investigate longitudinal risk processes linking early child maltreatment, childhood personality organizations, and adolescent maladaptation. In a sample of maltreated and nonmaltreated children (N = 400; 62.3% African American, 11.8% Hispanic; 40.8% girls), a tripartite personality typology based on California Child Q-Set items representative of ego resiliency and ego control personality dimensions (Block & Block, 1969/1980) was derived at Wave 1 (age range = 10–12). The typology, composed of Resilient, Overcontrolled, and Undercontrolled profiles, was evaluated for associations with previous child maltreatment, and for its utility in predicting adolescent psychopathology (age range = 15–18). Maltreated children were significantly more likely than nonmaltreated children to be classified into the overcontrolled (Odds Ratio = 1.847) and undercontrolled profiles (Odds Ratio = 2.101), compared to the Resilient profile. The undercontrolled profile reported higher cannabis sympto...
Decomposition-Based Distributed Control for Continuous-Time Multi-Agent Systems

In this technical note, we consider the problem of designing distributed controller for a continuous-time system composed of a number of identical dynamically coupled subsystems. The underlying mathematical derivation is based on Kronecker product and a special similarity transformation constructed from interconnection pattern matrix that decomposes the system into modal subsystems. This along with the result of extended linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation for continuous-time systems makes it possible to derive explicit expressions for computing the parameters of distributed controllers for both static state feedback and dynamic output feedback cases. The main contribution of the technical note is the solution of distributed control problem for continuous-time systems under H∞/ α-stability and H2/ α-stability performances by solving a set of LMIs with noncommon Lyapunov variables. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by means of a satellite formation example.
A shock tube study of reactions of NCO with O and NO using NCO laser absorption

The absorption coefficient of NCO at 440.4790 nm (vac) was determined using a cw ring dye laser and shock-heated HNCO/N2O/Ar mixtures at temperatures and pressures ranging from 2180 K to 3070 K and 0.9 to 1.1 atmospheres, respectively. The source of NCO in these experiments was the reaction O+HNCO→OH+NCO (2a) where the O-atoms were produced by the thermal dissociation of N2O. This determination of the NCO absorption coefficient allows quantitative measurements in shock tube studies of elementary reactions involving the NCO radical. This new NCO diagnostic was used to study the reactions of NCO with O and NO in shock-heated HNCO/N2O/Ar and HNCO/NO/Ar mixtures, respectively. The second-order rate coefficient of the reaction NCO+O→products (3) was determined to be: k3=4.7×1013 cm3 mole−1 s−1 (f=0.74, F=1.30) T=2180–3070 K, where f and F define the lower and upper uncertainty limits, respectively. The second-order rate coefficient of the reaction NCO+NO→products (8) was determined over the temperature range of 2380 K to 2660 K. These results were combined with the lower-temperature results for k8 from three previous studies, resulting in the expression: k8=1.4×1018T−1.73exp(−384/T, K) cm3 mole−1 s−1 T=294–2660 K.
Eu3+ site characterization in solution-grown yttrium oxide

Abstract The site symmetry of impurity ions greatly influences the energy levels responsible for optical emission. The crystallographic sites that impurities occupy in a host material are largely determined by the ionic radius and charge of the impurity relative to the host cations. Solution processing provides a lower energy environment for the incorporation of impurity ions than melt-grown processes, raising questions regarding how optically active impurity ions are incorporated into solution processed materials. In the present report, trivalent europium impurity ions have been incorporated into yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) powders via an alkoxide-hydrolysis technique. The europium impurities were incorporated into the hosts during the hydrolysis stage of the process. X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the yttrium oxide is of the same cubic form as the bulk crystal after heat treating to 800 °C. All samples emit bright luminescence at room temperature associated with the 5 D 0 → 7 F 2 transitions, with 394 nm excitation. Comparison of the emission and excitation spectra of the solution-grown samples to those of bulk materials, confirms that the optically active impurity ions are incorporated into the Y 2 O 3 structure on the usual, C 2 , cation sites.
Drosophila Ecdysone Receptor Mutations Reveal Functional Differences among Receptor Isoforms

The steroid hormone ecdysone directs Drosophila metamorphosis via three heterodimeric receptors that differ according to which of three ecdysone receptor isoforms encoded by the EcR gene (EcR-A, EcR-B1, or EcR-B2) is activated by the orphan nuclear receptor USP. We have identified and molecularly mapped two classes of EcR mutations: those specific to EcR-B1 that uncouple metamorphosis, and embryonic-lethal mutations that map to common sequences encoding the DNA- and ligand-binding domains. In the larval salivary gland, loss of EcR-B1 results in loss of activation of ecdysone-induced genes. Comparable transgenic expression of EcR-B1, EcR-B2, and EcR-A in these mutant glands results, respectively, in full, partial, and no repair of that loss.
Flux-profile Relationships for Wind Speed and Temperature in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Wind and temperature profiles in the stable boundary layer were analyzed in the context of MoninObukhov similarity. The measurements were made on a 60-m tower in Kansas during October 1999 (CASES-99). Fluxprofile relationships, obtained from these measurements in their integral forms, were established for wind speed and temperature. Use of the integral forms eliminates the uncertainty and accuracy issues resulting from gradient computations. The corresponding stability functions, which were nearly the same for momentum and virtual sensible heat, were found to exhibit different features under weakly stable conditions compared to those under strongly stable conditions. The gradient stability functions were found to be linear, namely φm = 1+ 5.8 ζ and φh = 1 + 5.4 ζ up to a limit of the MoninObukhov stability parameter ζ = 0.8; this is consistent with earlier findings. However, for stronger stabilities beyond a transition range, both functions were observed gradually to approach a constant, with a value of approximately 7. To link these two distinct regimes, a general but pliable functional form with only two parameters is proposed for the stability functions, covering the entire stability range from neutral to very stable conditions.
Velocity oscillations in solar plage regions

The properties of wave propagation in a perfectly electrically conducting, plane-stratified, inviscid, compressible atmosphere premeated by a horizontal magnetic field which varies with height are investigated. It is shown that a diagnostic diagram can be constructed through a generalization of the propagation equation to account for the presence of a magnetic field. The effect of the magnetic field on the oscillations in solar plages around the temperature minimum is studied and compared with the non-magnetic case based on the Bilderberg Continuum Atmosphere. Due to the joint action of ionization and the magnetic field, a potential well for internal gravity waves is formed. The properties of the trapped waves are in qualitative agreement with the observations. The Brunt-Vaisala frequencies in the presence (N) and absence (N 0) of the magnetic field around the temperature minimum are shown to obey the relation N/N 0 ≈ (1 + β 2)−1/2, where β is the ratio between the Alfven and the sonic speeds. The modified Brunt-Vaisala frequency (N) is decreased as the strength of the magnetic field increases. The magnetic effect makes the potential well shallower, thus shrinking the domain for the trapped gravity modes.
Tris(ω-aminoalkoxy)boranes

Abstract Tris(ω-aminoalkoxy)boranes of the type B[O(CH 2 ) n NRR′] 3 ( n =2: RR′H, RH and R′CH 3 , RR′CH 3 , RR′C 2 H 5 ; n =3: RR′H, RR′CH 3 , RR′C 2 H 5 ) have been prepared by the reaction of either B(OCH 3 ) 3 or (CH 3 ) 3 N·BH 3 with excess of ω-aminoalcohols, HO(CH 2 ) n NRR′. 11 B NMR spectral data suggest the occurrence of both intra- and intermolecular N-B coordination in these species.
Evaluation of differences in potassium availability in soils of the same exchangeable potassium level

Abstract Potassium availability was determined by growing corn (Zea mays L.) in pots of soil in a controlled environment chamber. Comparison of K uptake rate per unit root area indicated differing degrees of K availability. The differences in availability among soils were not predicted by differences in cation exchange capacities. The K concentration in solution and the average rate of diffusion more nearly reflected differences in K availability, particularly when the kinetic rate factors of diffusion and mass flow were integrated with root growth and uptake factors in the Cushman mathematical model of K uptake. Utilization of this model demonstrated the importance of using rate factors for ion movement in soil along with plant factors of root growth in predicting K availability.
Efficacy of EMLA and Sucrose for Crying Associated with Circumcision 1190

Circumcision is the oldest and most common neonatal surgical procedure. Despite evidence that circumcision is intensely painful, analgesia is rarely provided. A recent study has shown that pretreatment with EMLA, a topical anesthetic, can reduce the pain associated with circumcision. Similarly, data from a study of newborns undergoing heel lancing suggest that even small amounts of orally administered sucrose can be antinociceptive. This study sought to determine whether pretreatment with both topical EMLA and oral sucrose would reduce the duration of crying associated with circumcision more than either agent alone.
ENGAGING DOUBLE BINDS FOR CRITICAL INQUIRY WITH FIRST-GRADE LATINA/O EMERGENT BILINGUALS

This two-year predominantly qualitative study engaged 103 bilingual first graders in a literacy curriculum that sought to blend in- and out-of-school experiences, with particular emphasis on using photography and other multimodal texts as semiotic resources. Drawing on critical pedagogy and cultural historical activity theory, we supported students in interrogating epistemologies resulting from dominant hegemonic perspectives. As part of the curricular invitations, children photographed their everyday family and community experiences, and employed these images for oral storytelling and multimodal composing. Data sources analyzed for this article include children’s audio-recorded dialogic small group discussions and their multimodal texts. We analyzed the data thematically and discursively, identifying patterns across children’s engagements with their photos in the literacy curriculum. We found that young emergent bilinguals enacted agency by bringing often-silenced social issues and community knowledge to the forefront of school-based learning. We examine turning points in the dialogic discussions that helped create openings to voice topics often excluded from classroom contexts, and argue that such pedagogical spaces can support children in de-stabilizing historically rooted double binds that reinforce cultures of silence. Through illustrative examples of students’ talk and texts, we explore how a specific focus on blending oral storytelling-stimulated dialogue with technology can become a platform for critical inquiry that engages, rather than suppresses, the double binds children experience by virtue of their immigration histories and cultural and linguistic identities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.5.3
Two-Tier Multiline TRL for Calibration of Low-Cost Network Analyzers

We compare calibrations for use on three-sampler vector network analyzers (VNAs), which do not allow the direct application of some advanced error-correction schemes such as TRL (thru-reflect-line). Here we compare various alternatives, including an approximate version of TRL that has been introduced commercially and two-tier multiline TRL using external software. We consider both coaxial and coplanar open-short-load -thru (OSLT) calibrations for the first tier, showing that the latter can lead to inaccuracies. Finally, we investigate the stability of the load reflection terms to show that the first tier calibration need not be frequently repeated.
Investing in equity mutual funds

Abstract We construct optimal portfolios of equity funds by combining historical returns on funds and passive indexes with prior views about asset pricing and skill. By including both benchmark and nonbenchmark indexes, we distinguish pricing-model inaccuracy from managerial skill. Modest confidence in a pricing model helps construct portfolios with high Sharpe ratios. Investing in active mutual funds can be optimal even for investors who believe managers cannot outperform passive indexes. Optimal portfolios exclude hot-hand funds even for investors who believe momentum is priced. Our large universe of funds offers no close substitutes for the Fama-French and momentum benchmarks.
Gender, occupational, and age cohort consequences of the industrial transformation, 1980–1990

Abstract Existing research on industrial and occupational shifts has concentrated on how these changes have altered the profile of work or their consequences for particular segments of the labor force such as females or older workers. This paper offers a different perspective: it compares the gender experiences of the consequences of the industrial and occupational restructuring of the 1980s for the cohorts in the labor force at the start of the decade and examines hypotheses derived from three alternative theoretical perspectives. Using data from the 1980 and 1990 PUMS files, it shows that (1) the occupational careers of male and female workers who began the 1980s aged 25–54 were primarily influenced by the restructuring of work rather than by industrial shifts; (2) in every cohort women fared better than men in terms of occupational upgrading; (3) there was a loss of jobs with age that bore particularly heavily on males; and (4) scientific professionals lost jobs, raising questions about their importance to the “new economy.”
Influence of decomposition on chemical properties of plant- and manure-derived dissolved organic matter and sorption to goethite.

Sorption of dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in maintaining the fertility and quality of soils in agricultural ecosystems. Few studies have examined the effects of decomposition on DOM sorption and chemical characteristics. This study investigated the sorption to goethite (a-FeOOH) of fresh and decomposed hydrophilic (HPL) and hydrophobic (HPB) DOM fractions extracted from the shoots and roots of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), and dairy and poultry manures. Sorption was positively related to apparent molecular weight (MWAP), aromaticity as measured by absorptivity at 280 nm, and phenolic acid content. A 10-d laboratory microbial decomposition of the source organic matter generally increased the sorption of the extracted DOM onto goethite. The decomposition effect on sorption was greater for the HPL fractions than for the HPB fractions. There was a decrease in the MWAP values of the DOM samples following sorption to goethite. In many cases the reduction in MWAP was large, indicating a strong preference by goethite for the higher MWAP DOM fractions. The results of this laboratory-based research demonstrate that microbial processes affect the chemical characteristics of DOM which may affect the distribution of soil organic C pools.
Doxorubicin delivered by subcutaneous pellets suppresses uterine sarcoma xerografts in athymic mice

Abstract An in vivo model system has been developed to test the sensitivity of human malignancies xerotransplanted into athymic mice for sensitivity to a chemotherapeutic agent, delivered by subcutaneously placed, slow-release pellets. Pellets were specially created to release set amounts of doxorubicin (DX). BALB/c nude mice were injected with equal aliquots of minced human mixed mullerian sarcoma (MMS) of the uterus and divided into groups: control and DX-treated (750 μg/day). The tumor growth rate in the DX-treated group of mice was significantly reduced when compared to controls in two experiments, 1 ( P P P
Towards a Smartphone based Multimode Sensing

Abstract With rapid strides being made in mobile computing technology, today smart phones are not just devices for mobile communications and small computations, but may also be considered as a full scale PC embedded with a rich set of sensors such as accelerometers, GPS, Microphone, Camera and Ambient Light Sensor. Application based these integrated sensors are being developed for various domains. Even though a range of sensors available on smart phones are sufficient for several applications, but some applications like monitoring air quality or pollutants, would need external sensors along with existing sensors. This paper this presents brief description about architecture for seamless integration of external sensors with the smartphone, Tri-Coder Framework. We develop easily deployable sensor cloud enabled smartphone applications to record and retrieve sensor data in a dynamically changing environment that could potentially increase situational awareness.
Psychosocial sequelae of breast cancer and its treatment.

The psychosocial problems associated with breast cancer have commanded more and more attention. Historical developments in medicine and society have altered the context in which breast cancer is diagnosed and treated. There are many new issues for researchers interested in quality-of-life issues surrounding breast cancer, and findings from past research must be evaluated carefully. Accordingly, this article reviews: (a) historical developments affecting the context of breast cancer research, (b) aspects of breast cancer and its treatments that challenge well-being, (c) the literature considering breast cancer’s psychosocial sequelae, and (d) variables that may influence the intensity of its impact. In addition, we offer some directions for future research.
Negotiating femininity and power in the early twentieth century west: Domestic ideology and feminine style in Jeannette Rankin's suffrage rhetoric

Campbell (1989) has discussed feminine style as a tool used by early woman's rights activists in their efforts to bridge the tensions between expectations offemininity and the public speaking role. In this essay, I explore how feminine style functioned in the suffrage rhetoric of Jeannette Rankin. As an early twentieth century western woman, Rankin faced fewer constraints than did early woman's rights activists; nonetheless, Rankin utilized feminine style when she sought to persuade a more powerful, male audience. In Rankin's rhetoric, then, the interplay between gender, power, and feminine style is brought to the forefront.
A New Species of Scale Insect, Cerococcus gabonensis, from Gabon (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Ceroccidae)

A new species of scale insect, Cerococcus gabonensis , from the Ethiopian Region is described and illustrated. C. gabonensis is distinguished from the closely related species C. multipororum by the lack of bifid posterior spiracular furrows, and from C. theydoni by the arrangement of cribriform plates in clusters.
Altered Ca2+ mobilization during excitation-contraction in cultured cardiac myocytes exposed to antimony

Abstract Industrial exposure and pharmaceutical use of antimony compounds have been linked to altered cardiovascular function and pathology. Antimony compounds induce hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac arrhythmias, all of which can arise from aberrations in myocyte regulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ). To determine if trivalent antimony affects [Ca 2+ ] i during excitation–contraction, we developed an in vitro cardiac myocyte model that was exposed for 24 hr to potassium antimonyl tartrate (PAT) at 0–10 μ m . Control myocytes received sodium potassium tartrate. Concentrations of up to 10 μ m PAT were without effect on total DNA and protein content of cultures, indicating that PAT exposures were not overtly toxic. However, spontaneous beating rates of myocytes were significantly reduced by 5 and 10 μ m PAT. Myocytes were paced by electric field stimulation at 0.5 Hz, and the effect of PAT on [Ca 2+ ] i transients during excitation–contraction was monitored with fura-2. PAT (2–8 μ m ) significantly reduced systolic [Ca 2+ ] i in a concentration-dependent fashion, but was without effect on diastolic [Ca 2+ ] i or on the first derivative of the transient rise ( d [Ca 2+ ] i / dt ). Myocytes from control cells responded to epinephrine (10 −8 –10 −5 m ) in concentration-dependent fashion with elevated systolic [Ca 2+ ] i and an increase in the rate of decay of transients. In PAT-exposed myocytes, the systolic response was blunted while the decay rate was enhanced. PAT-exposed cells also exhibited a reduced basal [Ca 2+ ] i when depolarized by 90 m m KCl and a reduced caffeine-releasable Ca 2+ pool of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Both control and PAT-treated cells responded to ryanodine in a comparable fashion. Results indicate that a nonlethal exposure to PAT reduces Ca 2+ availability during excitation–contraction. Decreased influx of Ca 2+ across the sarcolemma and enhanced removal of Ca 2+ appear to be responsible.
Injurious Effect of the Eosinophil Peroxide-Hydrogen Peroxide-Halide System and Major Basic Protein on Human Nasal Epithelium In Vitro

Tissue injury is observed in allergic and nonallergic eosinophilic rhinitis, but the mechanism of this injury is unclear. Because eosinophils are prominent in biopsy specimens in these conditions, we hypothesized that they may participate in the injury process. Initially, we developed techniques to isolate and purify human nasal epithelial cells from turbinate biopsies to use as target cells for eosinophil granule products. Primary cultures from explants were characterized by electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of primary monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. These studies revealed the homogeneity of the cells and confirmed their epithelial nature. Cultured nasal epithelial cells were then exposed to either purified human eosinophil peroxidase, bromide, and glucose plus glucose oxidase, as a continuous source of hydrogen peroxide, or eosinophil major basic protein. Neither eosinophil peroxidase alone nor glucose plus glucose oxidase in the absence of eosinophil peroxidase were injurious, but the combined addition of eosinophil peroxidase, glucose/glucose oxidase, and bromide produced marked target cell lysis. This effect was time- and eosinophil peroxidase dose-dependent. Catalase and azide significantly inhibited the lysis of these cells, suggesting the eosinophil peroxidase-catalyzed products of halide oxidation mediated this form of injury. The addition of purified human eosinophil major basic protein also caused dose- and time-dependent lysis of the nasal epithelial cells but required longer incubation periods to effect injury. We hypothesize that the eosinophil peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide system and major basic protein may injure the nasal epithelium in inflammatory conditions such as allergic and nonallergic eosinophilic rhinitis.
Micro-fractional epidermal powder delivery for improved skin vaccination

Abstract Skin vaccination has gained increasing attention in the last two decades due to its improved potency compared to intramuscular vaccination. Yet, the technical difficulty and frequent local reactions hamper its broad application in the clinic. In the current study, micro-fractional epidermal powder delivery (EPD) is developed to facilitate skin vaccination and minimize local adverse effects. EPD is based on ablative fractional laser or microneedle treatment of the skin to generate microchannel (MC) arrays in the epidermis followed by topical application of powder drug/vaccine-coated array patches to deliver drug/vaccine into the skin. The novel EPD delivered more than 80% sulforhodamine b (SRB) and model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) into murine, swine, and human skin within 1 h. EPD of OVA induced anti-OVA antibody titer at a level comparable to intradermal (ID) injection and was much more efficient than tape stripping in both delivery efficiency and immune responses. Strikingly, the micro-fractional delivery significantly reduced local side effects of LPS/CpG adjuvant and BCG vaccine, leading to complete skin recovery. In contrast, ID injection induced severe local reactions that persisted for weeks. While reducing local reactogenicity, EPD of OVA/LPS/CpG and BCG vaccine generated a comparable humoral immune response to ID injection. EPD of vaccinia virus encoding OVA induced significantly higher and long-lasting interferon γ-secreting CD8 + T cells than ID injection. In conclusion, EPD represents a promising technology for needle-free, painless skin vaccination with reduced local reactogenicity and at least sustained immunogenicity.