cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suppression and Recovery of Spermatogenesis Following Spinal Cord Injury in the Rat

Recently, we reported that changes in spermatogenesis in adult rats during acute phase (within 2 weeks) of spinal cord injury (SCI) were associated with a suppression of pituitary-testis hormone axis, and these effects mimic those that occur after hormone deprivation. In this study, we examined the long-term (>4 weeks) effects of SCI on spermatogenesis and its recovery. Results of this study reveal that while serum follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels in SCI rats recovered within 1 month after the injury, their spermatogenesis continued to regress. By 3 months, spermatogenesis in 70% of SCI rats has totally regressed, characterized by the absence of proliferating spermatogonia; these effects could not be prevented by an otherwise effective regimen of testosterone treatment. Sertoli cells in the regressed seminiferous tubules exhibited unusual behavior, characterized by the formation of multiple cell layers and/or aggregates that extended into the tubular lumen. Active spermatogenesis was observed in nine of the 19 SCI rats by 6 months, seven of which had complete spermatogenesis, but with persisting abnormalities. These results demonstrate that SCI results in total, but reversible, regression of spermatogenesis. Failure to prevent such effects by an otherwise effective exogenous testosterone regimen suggests that non-endocrine factors are involved in the SCI effects on spermatogenesis. The unusual Sertoli cell localization in the regressed testes may have been triggered by the loss of proliferating spermatogonia and may be involved in subsequent spermatogenic recovery.
Mapping image properties into shape constraints: skewed symmetry, affine-transformable patterns, and the shape-from-texture paradigm

In this paper we demonstrate two new approaches to deriving three-dimensional surface orientation information (“shape”) from two-dimensional image cues. The two approaches are the method of affine-transformable patterns and the shape-from-texture paradigm. They are introduced by a specific application common to both: the concept of skewed symmetry. Skewed symmetry is shown to constrain the relationship of observed distortions in a known object regularity to a small subset of possible underlying surface orientations. Besides this constraint, valuable in its own right, the two methods are shown to generate other surface constraints as well. Some applications are presented of skewed symmetry to line drawing analysis, to the use of gravity in shape understanding, and to global shape recovery.
Plasma immunoreactive glucagon fractions in four cases of glucagonoma: Increased “Large glucagon — immunoreactivity”

Immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) fractions from plasma of 8 normal subjects and 4 patients with glucagon secreting tumors were studied by gel filtration techniques on Bio Gel P-30 and Sephadex G-50 columns. The pancreatic glucagon specific anti serum (30K) of Unger was utilized to measure IRG. Columns were calibrated with labelled albumin, proinsulin, insulin and glucagon. Four peaks were defined in normal and tumor bearing patients: peak I (>20000 mol. wt.), peak II (primarily 9000 mol. wt.), peak III pancreatic glucagon (3500 mol. wt.) and peak IV small glucagon (<3500 mol. wt.). Glucagonoma patients differed from our normal and reported normal subjects in that peak II contained most of the circulating IRG. The percent of IRG associated with peak II was 9.5–31.5% in normals and 39.1–61.2% in glucagonomas. Glucagon-like biological activity in an isolated hepatocyte system was demonstrated for all peaks. However, relative to immunoreactivity, peak II showed reduced activity (25–33%). Immunoassay of dilutions of all peaks revealed the probability of immuno determinants identical with porcine pancreatic glucagon. The presence of heterogeneous IRG peaks with biological glucagon-like activity suggest that the larger molecules may be prohormones. Further, it is possible that specific elevation of peak II may be a diagnostic feature of glucagonomas.
SU-E-I-104: Detector Lag Testing for Digital Radiography.

Purpose: Signal lag is an inherent property of the digital detectors used for radiography. The extent and impact of signal lag can vary. In this exhibit we aim to:'¢ provide context for detector lag testing as a matter of acceptance testing for detectors used in digital radiography (DR)'¢ provide example lag data from various DR systems. Lag measurement and analysis techniques have been published but without the expected results that are useful for benchmarking.'¢bring greater awareness and understanding to the impact of detector lag for the performance of digital detectors and the appearance of image ghosting in clinical images.Methods: A standardized method was used for the quantification of lag similar to that described in the IPEM report 32 part vii [1]. Six different vended detector options were measured and compared. Results: Lag images were visually compared and lag measurement values were normalized using the measured signal transfer properties of each system. The results are shown as normalized with exposure. The results show a wide variety of lag responses, even for the same physical detector hardware but different vendor implementations. Conclusions: The ultimate test for detector lag performance is whether residual ‘ghost’ images appear in clinical images. Some vendor systems are more prone to the appearance of lag than others. We attempt to quantify system properties at acceptance testing that can enable discriminationbetween systems which have poor or superior lag properties. A suggested easurement analysis technique which normalizes data to be linear with exposure does not appear to adequately assess the likelihood for the clinical appearance of lag. [1] Mackenzie A et al. Measurement of the Performance Characteristics of Diagnostic X‐Ray Systems: Digital ImagingSystems. Institute of Physics in Medicine 2009 (IPEM Report 32, part vii). 2010
Formation of 100 A filaments from purified glial fibrillary acidic protein in vitro.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein, which is specific to astroglia in the central nervous system, polymerizes in vitro into filaments similar to native ~ 100 A filaments. Following purification from aqueous extracts of bovine brain by immunoaffinity chromatography, GFA † protein is highly soluble in very low ionic strength solutions. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis of protein solutions in prefilament solvent conditions (2 mm-Tris · HCl, pH 7.8, 20 °C, containing 0.5 mm-dithiothreitol) indicates a paucidisperse mixture of species in solution with a typical range of apparent weight-average molecular weights from about 186,000 to 227,000. Between pH 6.0 and 8.0 the solubility is a function of pH and ionic strength as well as temperature, and precipitation is favored by lowering the pH or temperature and by raising the ionic strength. GFA protein associates in the form of filaments over a narrow range of pH and ionic strength; optimal conditions for polymerization of a 0.1 mg/ml protein solution are 100 mm-imidazole-HCl buffer (pH 6.8), at a temperature of 37 °C, and there is no requirement for co-factors. Filaments appear primarily as tangles of smooth curvilinear structures approximately 100 A in diameter and of indefinite length, although some lateral association of filaments into thick bundles is also observed. While the formation of filaments is not affected by the presence or absence of reducing agent, under oxidizing conditions disulfide linkages form between protein subunits. Disassembly is achieved by dialysis against 2 mm-Tris · HCl buffer (pH 8.5), but this process is significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.5 mM-dithiothreitol during assembly and disassembly. These experiments clarify the role of GFA protein as the subunit of astroglialspecific intermediate filaments. In addition, they suggest that the 100 A filament, as other components of the cytoskeleton, may assemble and disassemble in the glial cytoplasm.
Mobile interactive problem solving for active teaching and learning

In traditional classroom setting, lecturing is the prominent method of transferring knowledge to students. However this passive mode of instruction does not keep student engaged and interested longer in the class. Although mobile devices are used extensively in everyday life and have a bad reputation of creating distraction during class, it can be used to make student's class participation more interactive and engaging. This paper presents one such approach, which is fundamentally different than existing ones by allowing students to participate in active learning during class session by using their mobile devices. This research envision interactive problem applications which will run in student mobile devices, which faculty can initiate remotely and where student can actively participate to solve problem in a hands-on manner. This paper presents the development of a Karnaugh map interactive mobile application and its incorporation into Mobile Response System.
Topical epinephrine causes a decrease in density of β-adrenergic receptors and catecholamine-stimulated chloride transport in the rabbit cornea

Abstract A single administration, or twice daily administration for 4.5 days, of topical 2% epinephrine to the rabbit eye in vivo causes a 30–40% decrease in the density of β-adrenergic receptors on membranes prepared from the cornea. Such treatment also causes complete loss of the ability of excised corneas to respond to epinephrine in vitro with enhanced active chloride transport. These findings indicate that stimulation with a high concentration of catecholamine depresses the entire pathway from receptor to physiological response.
Conversion as a manifestation of crisis in the life situation: A report on seven cases of ataxia and paralysis of the lower extremities

Abstract Seven patients (five women and two men) with paralysis of the legs and/or ataxia were seen by the psychiatric consultation service of a city hospital. Only one gave a history of frequent prior somatic complaints (Case 4). Four were overtly depressed. Only one was considered an hysterical character (Case 1). Intervention was limited to dealing with the current conflict, out of which the symptom grew. Four patients made a rapid, complete recovery, and one improved minimally. It was felt that each case represented a reaction to a crisis in the life situation.
REDESIGNING THE URBAN FOREST FROM THE GROUND BELOW: A NEW APPROACH TO SPECIFYING ADEQUATE SOIL VOLUMES FOR STREET TREES

Summary Current surveys have dramatically documented the plight of struggling and dying urban trees. Inadequate soil rooting volume is an important cause of this premature mortality. The soil acts as a vital reservoir, holding and then supplying water as the tree demands it. A weather-based methodology has been developed that enables the arboriculturist to size a tree pit or container based on a tree's daily expected water requirements, thereby reducing or eliminating water stress over a growing season. For use as a general estimate, a soil volume of 5 m3 for a medium sized tree is recommended.
What is Systematic Theology

Three types of systematic theology are distinguished, each with its own form, function, interests and location: ‘official’, produced by the institutional church; ‘ordinary’ theological reflection, engaged in by virtually all believers; professional-academic systematic theology. Viewed in the context of the theology of the church, official theology would benefit from a more realistic understanding of ordinary theologies. Academic systematic theology mediates between the other two, critically and constructively, and engages university disciplines likewise. It belongs within the sphere of the church but at some distance from the institution, and thus is usefully (though necessarily uneasily) located within the university.
Slow potential changes from cat cortex and classical aversive conditioning.

Abstract 1. 1. The present study was designed to investigate variations in the amplitude of slow electrical potential changes (SPCs) recorded from motor and somato-sensory cortex of cats undergoing classical leg flexion conditioning. Eleven cats (the “learning group”) reached the behavioral criterion of 90% CRs. Eight cats who failed to reach conditioning criterion in 300 trials formed a “non-learning” comparison group. 2. 2. In the learning group negative SPCs from all cortical areas sampled showed decreasing amplitudes during habituation and extinction. All areas, with the exception of the motor cortex ipsilateral to the left hind leg of the animal (the leg receiving the UCS), showed similar decreases in amplitude during overlearning. Slow potential changes from the non-learning group showed consistent decreases only during extinction trials. In the learning group, negative SPCs recorded from contralateral motor and somato-sensory areas during conditioning showed greater mean amplitude than those recorded from the respective ipsilateral areas. In the non-learning group no significant differences appeared between contralateral and ipsilateral areas during CS-UCS pairings. 3. 3. No relation between SPCs and eye movement could be established. 4. 4. It was concluded that the SPC reflects two processes representing the activity of two or more subcortical systems. The equal bilateral changes in SPC amplitude seen in both the learning and non-learning groups were attributed to a diffuse activation via a system such as the midbrain reticular formation. The enhancement of negative SPCs restricted to the contralateral motor and somato-sensory cortices in the learning group, during acquisition, was attributed to a “localized” activation system. This could involve the nucleus ventralis lateralis and nucleus ventralis anterior of the thalamus. The diffuse system may be involved in the maintenance of general levels of “arousal”, or “activation”, a view commonly held. The localized system may be necessary for the elaboration and development of conditioned responding, but does not appear to be necessary for the maintenance of such behavioral activity.
Thin-film active nano-PWAS for structural health monitoring

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an emerging field in which smart materials interrogate structural components to predict failure, expedite needed repairs, and thus increase the useful life of those components. Piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) have been previously adhesively-bonded to structures and demonstrate the ability to detect and locate cracking, corrosion, and disbonding through use of pitch-catch, pulse-echo, electro/mechanical impedance, and phased array technology. The present research considers structurally-integrated PWAS that can be fabricated directly to the structural substrate using thin-film nano technologies (e.g., pulsed-laser deposition, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, etc.) Because these novel PWAS are made up of nano layers they are dubbed nano-PWAS. Nano-PWAS research consists of two parts, thin-film fabrication and nano-PWAS construction. The first part is how to fabricate the piezoelectric thin-film on structure materials. In our research, ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) thin films were successfully deposited on structure material Ni and Ti by pulsed laser deposition under the optimal synthesis conditions. Microstructural studies revealed that the as-grown BTO thin films have the nanopillar structures and the good interface structures with no inter-diffusion or reaction. The dielectric and ferroelectric property measurements exhibit that the BTO films have a relatively large dielectric constant, a small dielectric loss, and an extremely large piezoelectric response with a symmetric hysteresis loop. The second part is nano-PWAS construction and how they are related to the active SHM interrogation methods. Nano-PWAS architecture achieved through thin-film deposition technology and its potential application for SHM were discussed here. The research objective is to develop the fabrication and optimum design of thin-film nano-PWAS for structural health monitoring applications.
Comparative biochemical and genetic characterization of clonally related human B-cell lines secreting pathogenic anti-Pr2 cold agglutinins

Abstract To study the biology of cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell clones were established from a patient with splenic lymphoma associated with immune hemolysis due to an anti-Pr2 cold autoantibody. Studies were performed comparing the cold autoantibody present in culture supernatants of these cell lines to the pathogenic cold autoantibodies present in the patient's plasma. Cytogenetic studies of splenic lymphocytes demonstrated an abnormal karyotype (51XX,+3,+9,+12,+13,+18). After EBV transformation, eight clones secreting IgM,κ anti-Pr were isolated; each clone had the same abnormal karyotype as above. DNA isolated from the clones and spleen was analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with JH, Cμ, and Cκ probes; identical gene rearrangements were seen in each case. Anti-Pr antibodies, isolated from culture supernatant and serum were compared by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and demonstrated similar banding patterns. Distinctive banding patterns, however, were observed in 2 8 clones, suggesting structural differences. Adsorption studies with red blood cells further showed that the observed IEF banding patterns were solely due to anti-Pr cold autoantibody. With a thin-layer chromatography method, the biochemical determinants recognized by the cold autoantibodies were defined as glycolipids containing Neu Acα2-3Galβ1-4Glc sequences. The data demonstrate that the autoantibodies of the EBV-transformed B-cell lines were similar to the pathogenic monoclonal serum autoantibody in both structure and specificity. These clonal cell lines may thus serve to further study the biology of human B-cell lymphomas with defined autoantibody specificity.
Interrupt driven programming

This note is an extension of the ideas expressed by Morgan [1]. He suggests a new form of interrupt which he proposes to use to control the execution of a program, in his case a file management system called DPL [2]. Simply stated, he has attached to every subroutine a Boolean expression which, if true, would cause that subroutine to be executed. Since his implementation is via software, a relatively time-consuming check must be made whenever some condition in the program changes (e.g. some variable has a value changed). A rather simple hardware addition to existing machines can easily implement this interrupt. The following is such a proposal.
Branchial glands in fishes

In a comparative study of the branchial epithelium of fishes we find the occurrence of three distinct types and seven subtypes of intra-epithelial glands which are in intimate association with the branchial epithelium of fishes. These glands have been classified according to their morphological patterns, cytoplasmic content and other features dealing with structural complexity. Although these structures arrange themselves in a graded series which become increasingly more and more complex, there does not appear to be any definite correlation between the structural complexity of the glands, and the apparent evolutionary history of the fishes. We conclude from the characteristic arrangement, relationships, and specific staining reactions that these structures are intra-epithelial mucous glands.
A hardware simulator for teaching CPU design

This presentation describes a GUI-based tool for teaching CPU design to computer architecture students. A datapath builder allows microarchitecture building blocks, such as registers, ALUs, and multiplexors, to be laid out and wired together. A control builder allows a control state machine to be developed for the datapath. Because the processor design is simulated within a full PC emulator, student-designed processors can use emulated devices, such as drives, video, and I/O ports. A tutorial teaches students to use the simulator to build and simulate a pipelined RISC processor.
Hallucinations in Sensory Deprivation—Method or Madness?

Ten-minute observations of visual fields in binocularly patched subjects, and self-observation for dreams yielded visual imagery similar to sensory deprivation hallucinations. The latter probably arise from fragments of normal imagery whose origins are unrecognized because of reduced awareness.
NEONATAL GOITER AFTER MATERNAL PROPYLTHIOURACIL THERAPY.

A retrospective study of 41 pregnancies in 30 patients who received antithyroid medication during pregnancy is presented. Five of these pregnancies resulted in infants with neonatal goiter; an additional 5 of the pregnancies resulted in fetal death. The dosage of propylthiouracil appeared to be important in the development of goiter in the offspring, but was probably not the only factor. Maternal hypothyroidism, iodide therapy,control of the hyperthyroidism, and a family history of thyroid disease were evaluated. The serum BEI of 3 of the goitrous infants was in the hypothyroid range, while maternal values were in the normal range for pregnancy. The treatment of the hyperthyroid patient during pregnancy is discussed.
Using Online Resources for an Advanced Vehicle Technology Engineering Competition

Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions have adopted an online collaboration system to coordinate information sharing and dissemination among hundreds of people from numerous organizations and across multiple countries, including universities, competition organizers, and sponsors involved in the competitions. Microsoft SharePoint is a collection of software elements that includes web browser based collaboration functions, process management modules, search modules and a document-management platform that serves as the foundation for this online collaboration system. SharePoint is used to host a secure web site that accesses shared workspaces, information stores and documents, as well as threaded discussion forums. Users can manipulate controls called “web parts” or interact with pieces of content such as lists and document libraries. The overall team-based engineering education strategy is facilitated throughout the three year EcoCAR program by a two way flow of information between the teams and organizers. Safety and design rules are updated and posted for teams to access. Each team has their own secure document library area for posting required progress reports, design reports, safety documentation, and technical report deliverables that are scored as part of the competition. Scoring results with comments are returned to each team under the team specific site. Proprietary vehicle and component data are also made available, and can be restricted to only those teams that have approved non disclosure agreements with the sponsor. Specific subject and component-based forums are used for asynchronous, threaded exchange of information and questions to subject matter experts. Issues and solutions discovered by students are shared among all teams. The SharePoint Online Collaboration system has significantly improved the information-sharing, evaluation and communications capabilities of the Advanced Vehicle Technology Competitions across a vast audience. This has enabled us to significantly enhance the technical scope of the program and improve the educational value to the university participants.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Status and sex: Some touching observations

An observational study of touching in public was made, with attention to status variables (sex, race, age, SES) and settings. Results support the hypothesis that touch privilege is a correlate of status. The dual nature of touch as a sign of both status and solidarity is compared with Brown’s formulation of the similar use of terms of address.
RESPONSE OF ARTERIAL SEGMENTS FROM GRAVID HUMAN UTERUS TO MULTIPLE CONCENTRATIONS OF LIGNOCAINE

Nine uterine artery segments were obtained during Caesarean hysterotomy. The amount of isometric tension developed by each segment when exposed to 3, 6, 10, 20, 50, 100, 1000 and 2000-μg/ml of lignocaine hydrochloride (Xylocaine) was measured. All nine segments contracted in response to the 1000- and 2000-μg/ml concentrations. Eight of nine, six of nine, and three of nine responded to the 100-, 50- and 20-μg/ml concentrations, respectively; one segment contracted in response to all concentrations. A dose-response curve indicated that maximum responses were obtained at the 1000-μg/ml concentration (0.1%). Although local anaesthetics are usually considered vasodilators, this study indicates that lignocaine causes the uterine artery to constrict in concentrations in excess of 20μg/ml. Such concentrations might occur after paracervical block or accidental intravascular injection, but would not be expected in association with extradural analgesia.
Formation of an Atomically Abrupt Interface between a Polycyclic Aromatic Molecule and the Silicon (001) Surface via Direct Si−C Linkage

The reaction of acenaphthylene with the Si(001) surface has been investigated as a model system for understanding how complex π-systems interact with a π-bonded semiconductor surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) reveals that bonding occurs over a dimer row for more than 90% of the adsorbed molecules. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), using isotopically labeled derivatives of acenaphthylene, shows that bonding occurs through the 1,2-alkene, leaving the aromatic portion of the molecule mostly unperturbed. The reaction between acenaphthylene and Si(001) represents a potential method for coupling extended π-electron systems with group IV semiconductor surfaces.
Mri Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury Combined with Hemorrhagic Shock in Mice

Secondary insults such as hypotension or hemorrhagic shock (HS) can greatly worsen outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We recently developed a mouse combined injury model of TBI and HS using a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model and showed that 90 minutes of HS can exacerbate neuronal death in hippocampus beneath the contusion. This combined injury model has three clinically relevant phases, a shock, pre hospital, and definitive care phases. Mice were randomly assigned to four groups, shams as well as a CCI only, an HS only, and a CCI þ HS groups. The CCI and HS reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) in multiple regions of interest (ROIs) in the hemisphere ipsilateral and contralateral to injury. Hemorrhagic shock to a level of B30 mm Hg exacerbated the CCI-induced CBF reductions in multiple ROIs ipsilateral to injury (hemisphere and thalamus) and in the hemisphere contralateral to injury (hemisphere, thalamus, hippocampus, and cortex, all Po0.05 versus CCI only, HS only or both). An important effect of HS duration was also seen after CCI with maximal CBF reduction seen at 90 minutes (Po0.0001 group-time effect in ipsilateral hippocampus). Given that neuronal death in hippocampus is exacerbated by 90 minutes of HS in this model, our data suggest an important role for exacerbation of posttraumatic ischemia in mediating the secondary injury in CCI plus HS. In conclusion, the serial, non invasive assessment of CBF using ASL-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging with arterial spin labeling) is feasible in mice even in the complex setting of combined CCI þ HS. The impact of resuscitation therapies and various mutant mouse strains on CBF and other outcomes merits investigation in this model.
Anharmonic and nonclassical effects of the quantum-deformed harmonic oscillator

An isomorphism is realized between the (q)-deformed harmonic oscillator and a particular anharmonic oscillator model: it permits insight into the problem of the physics behind the deformation parameter q. In our model, the anharmonic coupling strength is shown to be proportional to q. The isomorphism permits us also to analyze and to interpret the appearance of various nonclassical features induced by a q deformation during the time evoluton of an su(2) coherent state
Immunologic enhancement of collagen accumulation in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS).

Abstract Progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, systemic scleroderma) is a generalized connective tissue disorder in which the involved tissues exhibit an array of fibrotic and degenerative changes including an abundant accumulation of collagen. Activated normal human lymphocytes produce factors which are capable of stimulating normal fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation. In this study we investigate the effects of similar factors obtained from lymphocytes of scleroderma patients as well as from those of normal individuals on fibroblast proliferation and protein synthesis. Lymphocytes from scleroderma patients when compared with normal donors were found to produce soluble factors which induced enhanced normal fibroblast synthesis of protein, particularly collagen, without inducing increased proliferation. Our findings suggest altered immunoregulation of collagen metabolism in individuals with scleroderma.
On the locomotion of mammals.

By considering the general energy balance between the energy of muscular contraction in the extremities, kinetic energy imparted to the animal and the energy lost in the lifting of the center of gravity and in the possible muscular viscosity, an expression is derived for the speed of an animal in terms of the constant which determine its shape and structure. The relation discussed previously, namely, that the speed is proportional to the square root of the length of the extremities, turns out to be only a first rough approximation in a rather special case. Reasons are given for the number of joints actually observed in animal extremities.
On the structural unit/grain boundary dislocation model for grain boundary structure

Abstract The applicability of the structural unit/grain boundary dislocation (GBD) model to the atomistic structures of [001] and [011] tilt boundary series recently calculated by Sutton, Vitek and Wang is studied in detail. It is found that a hierarchy of structural unit/GBD descriptions exists which may be used to describe such boundaries. Each description corresponds to a different choice of “delimiting boundary” structural units which are mixed together to make up all boundaries in the series. In all cases the structural units exhibit systematic distortions as the tilt angle changes. As the number of delimiting boundaries in a series is increased, and the range of structures is “quantized” on a finer scale, the distortions of the structural units decreases, but the amount of information regarding the GBD structure is decreased. It is pointed out that different members of the hierarchy of descriptions can be used advantageously for different purposes.
Making Rorschach Interpretation as Good as It Can Be

This article delineates six guidelines for enhancing the quality and utility of interpretations derived from the Rorschach inkblot method. These include (a) using all of the available structural, thematic, and behavioral data in arriving at interpretations; (b) focusing interpretive statements primarily on personality processes and drawing clinical conclusions and recommendations secondarily on the basis of identified personality processes; (c) addressing interpretations to both personality strengths and personality weaknesses to attend equally to adaptive capacities and maladaptive tendencies; (d) formulating and conveying interpretations at appropriate levels of certainty to distinguish clearly between probable fact and possible conjecture; (e) pursuing and expressing both nomothetic and idiographic implications of interpretations to the fullest possible extent, recognizing that personality is best described by considering both how people resemble and how they differ from each other; and (f) grounding t...
Bandwidth based electrical-analogue battery modeling for battery modules

Abstract A technique for building a high fidelity electrical-analogue battery model by identifying the model parameters at the module level, as opposed to the cell level, is proposed in this paper. The battery model, which is represented by electrical circuit components, can be easily integrated into popular simulation environments for system level design and predictive analysis. A novel bandwidth based time-domain procedure is introduced for identifying the model parameters by selective assignment of the limited bandwidth of the battery model approximation according to the natural bandwidth of the system that uses the battery. The aim of this paper is to provide an accurate off-line electrical-analogue battery model for simulation of larger systems containing large-format batteries, as opposed to a detailed electrochemical model suitable for simulation of internal battery processes. The proposed procedure has been experimentally verified on a 6.8 Ah Ultralife UBBL10 Li-ion battery module which is a “microcosm” for a modern large-format battery pack. A maximum 0.25% error was observed during a performance test with arbitrary but bandwidth-limited charging and discharging intervals characteristic of a typical battery application.
LIPIDAT: A database of lipid phase transition temperatures and enthalpy changes. DMPC data subset analysis

The systematic study of the mesomorphic phase properties of synthetic and biologically derived lipids began some 30 years ago. In the past decade, interest in this area has grown enormously. As a result, there exists a wealth of information on lipid phase behavior, but unfortunately these data have until now been scattered throughout the literature in a variety of books, proceedings and journals. The data have recently been compiled in a centralized database, LIPIDAT, with a view to providing ready access to the data and to the appropriate literature. LIPIDAT consists of a tabulation of all known mesomorphic and polymorphic phase transition temperatures and enthalpy changes for synthetic and biologically-derived lipids in the dry and in the partially and fully hydrated states. Also included is the effect of pH, and of salt and metal ion concentration and other additives such as proteins, drugs, etc., on the thermodynamic values. The methods used in making the measurements and the experimental conditions are reported. Bibliographic information includes comprehensive literature referencing and list of authors, but does not at the present time include article titles. As of this writing, the database is current through June, 1990 and is approaching 10,000 records in length. Each record contains 28 fields. In this paper we report the contents and present an analysis of LIPIDAT as it refers to fully hydrated 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). This database subset represents about 7% of all LIPIDAT records. It includes data collected over a 23-year period from 1967 to 1989 and consists of 702 records obtained from 336 articles in 55 different journals. The number of records per year rises steadily beginning in 1971, reaches a maximum of 89 records/year in 1977 and remains relatively constant at 60-70 records/year in the succeeding period. Journals making the greatest contribution to the DMPC subset include Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Biochemistry, Chemistry and Physics of Lipids and the Biophysical Journal. These four journals account for 71% of the total records in the database subset. The analysis shows that differential scanning calorimetry, electron spin resonance, fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectroscopy are the methods most commonly used for DMPC transition temperature determination. An interesting pattern emerges as to the place in time the different methods assume or loose popularity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution and Dynamics of the Autophagosome Marker EGFP-LC3

The process of autophagy involves the formation of autophagosomes, double-membrane structures that encapsulate cytosol. Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) was the first protein shown to specifically label autophagosomal membranes in mammalian cells, and subsequently EGFP-LC3 has become one of the most widely utilized reporters of autophagy. Although LC3 is currently thought to function primarily in the cytosol, the site of autophagosome formation, EGFP-LC3 often appears to be enriched in the nucleoplasm relative to the cytoplasm in published fluorescence images. However, the nuclear pool of EGFP-LC3 has not been specifically studied in previous reports, and mechanisms by which LC3 shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm are currently unknown. In this study, we therefore investigated the regulation of the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of EGFP-LC3 in living cells. By quantitative fluorescence microscopy analysis, we demonstrate that soluble EGFP-LC3 is indeed enriched in the nucleus relative to the cytoplasm in two commonly studied cell lines, COS-7 and HeLa. Although LC3 contains a putative nuclear export signal (NES), inhibition of active nuclear export or mutation of the NES had no effect on the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of EGFP-LC3. Furthermore, FRAP analysis indicates that EGFP-LC3 undergoes limited passive nucleo-cytoplasmic transport under steady state conditions, and that the diffusional mobility of EGFP-LC3 was substantially slower in the nucleus and cytoplasm than predicted for a freely diffusing monomer. Induction of autophagy led to a visible decrease in levels of soluble EGFP-LC3 relative to autophagosome-bound protein, but had only modest effects on the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio or diffusional mobility of the remaining soluble pools of EGFP-LC3. We conclude that the enrichment of soluble EGFP-LC3 in the nucleus is maintained independently of active nuclear export or induction of autophagy. Instead, incorporation of soluble EGFP-LC3 into large macromolecular complexes within both the cytoplasm and nucleus may prevent its rapid equilibrium between the two compartments.
Stable Dual Wavelength Mode-Locked Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser

We demonstrate a stable dual-wavelength actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser operating at 20 GHz. The pulses have been stabilized using a phase locked loop. Dual wavelength pulse trains with pulse widths ~ 3ps are obtained.
Rats that binge eat fat-rich food do not show somatic signs or anxiety associated with opiate-like withdrawal: implications for nutrient-specific food addiction behaviors

Previous studies suggest that binge eating sugar leads to behavioral and neurochemical changes similar to those seen with drug addiction, including signs of opiate-like withdrawal. Studies are emerging that show multiple neurochemical and behavioral indices of addiction when animals overeat a fat-rich diet. The goal of the present study was to utilize liquid and solid diets high in sugar and fat content to determine whether opiate-like withdrawal is seen after binge consumption of these diets in Sprague-Dawley rats. Control groups were given ad libitum access to the sweet-fat food or standard chow. All rats were then given a battery of tests to measure signs of opiate-like withdrawal, which included somatic signs of distress, elevated plus-maze anxiety, and locomotor hypoactivity. Neither naloxone-precipitated (3 mg/kg) nor deprivation-induced withdrawal was observed in rats that were maintained on a nutritionally complete pelleted sweet-fat diet or a sweet, high-fat diet supplemented with standard rodent chow. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal was also not seen in rats fed a liquid sweet-fat food. Further, body weight reduction to 85%, which is known to potentiate the reinforcing effects of substances of abuse, did not affect naloxone-precipitated signs of opiate-like withdrawal. Thus, unlike previous findings reported regarding rats with binge access to a sucrose solution, rats that binge eat sweet-fat combinations do not show signs of opiate-like withdrawal under the conditions tested. These data support the idea that excessive consumption of different nutrients can induce behaviors associated with addiction in different ways, and that the behaviors that could characterize "food addiction" may be subtyped based on the nutritional composition of the food consumed.
In-line holography and the assessment of aerosols

Abstract Basic requirements for any apparatus designed to measure aerosol particles are reviewed. In-line holography is demonstrated to be a powerful tool in the assessment of aerosols and two dissimilar applications are described. The fundamental methods for producing holograms suitable for automatic analysis are given, with particular emphasis on exposure control.
Morphologic and ultrastructural changes in the lungs of animals during acute exposure to ozone.

Rats and rabbits were exposed to 0.25 to 1 ppM O/sub 3/ for 3 or 4.5 hr/day for up to 6 days. Ciliated cells sustained more damage than goblet, mucus-secreting, or cuboidal cells. Damage included vacuolization, altered mitochondria, or complete desquamation of exposed basal cells or basement membrane. Multiple exposures produced no more damage than did a single exposure. In alveoli, type 1 cells were principally affected with type 2 more resistant but subject to damage from repeated exposures. Less compliance of exposed lungs was noted.
Tunable broadband optical generation via giant Rabi shifting in micro-plasmas

Broadband, coherent radiation in the optical frequency range is generated using micro-plasma channels in atmospheric gases in a pump-probe experiment. A micro-plasma medium is created in a gas by a focused intense femtosecond pump pulse. A picosecond probe pulse then interacts with this micro-plasma channel, producing broad, coherent sidebands that are associated with luminescence lines and are red- and blue-shifted with respect to the laser carrier frequency. These sidebands originate from the induced Rabi oscillations between pairs of excited states that are coupled by the probe pulse. These excited states become populated in the process of plasma cooling. Thus, the sideband radiation intensity tracks the micro-plasma evolution. The sidebands incorporate Rabi shifts corresponding to varying value of the electric field magnitude in the probe pulse: this makes them broad and malleable to tuning. The intensity of the probe beam ~ 10 10 W cm -2 , creates a maximum sideband shift of > 90 meV from the carrier frequency, resulting in an effective bandwidth of 200 meV. The sidebands may be effectively controlled by the intensity and temporal profile of the probe pulse. The giant Rabi shift is both tunable and coherent over a wide range of frequencies and over a wide range of atomic transitions. The fact that the coherence is observed in a micro plasma demonstrates that Rabi cycling is possible at high temperature with moderately high laser intensities (10 10 W cm -2 ) as long as transitions close to the driving frequency (u ~ 2% ωc) are available.
Should All Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer Be Treated Alike?: Impact of AJCC Stage on Brain Metastasis, Survival, and Patterns of Failure

Purpose/Objective(s): To determine if higher irradiated lung dose rather than irradiated lung volume or mean lung dose (MLD) is more critical for induction of radiation pneumonitis (RP) symptoms. Materials/Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and dosimetric data from 275 esophageal cancer cases treated with thoracic radiation therapy using IMRT, proton, or 3D-CRT. RP symptoms were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 (CTCAEv4). For each patient, the percentage lung volume irradiated, mean irradiated lung dose (MILD), mean lung dose (MLD), lung dose regions (low dose volume, 10 Gy or CGE, Vlow; moderatedose volume, > 10-40 Gy or CGE, Vmod; and high dose volume > 40 Gy or CGE, Vhigh), as well as V5 to V50 were determined. The effects of MILV, MILD, MLD, lung dose regions, percentage lung volume irradiated, dosimetric parameters, patient and treatment characteristics, or metabolic radiation dose response (PMRR) with pulmonary toxicity were studied using logistic regression. Results: Proton therapy irradiated less lung volume (> 0.1 Gy or CGE) than IMRT (3.711 L in IMRT, 1.261 L in proton and 3.058 L in 3D-CRT) but the mean irradiated lung dose is higher in the proton versus IMRT group (12.04 Gy in IMRT, 17.21 CGE in proton and 11.70 Gy in 3D-CRT), despite the lower MLD received by the proton group (11.26 Gy in IMRT, 6.09 CGE in proton, and 10.62 Gy in 3D-CRT). We found the rate of symptomatic radiation pneumonitis is 2 times higher for proton than IMRT (25% in proton, 13.6% in IMRT, and 27.8% in 3DCRT). The PMRR was significantly different between the three modalities (0.15 in proton, 0.10 in IMRT, and 0.10 in 3DCRT, p Z 0.044 Kruskal-Wallis test). Conclusions: Despite smaller irradiated lung volumes, subjects treated with proton therapy (vs IMRT) were two times more likely to develop symptomatic RP. The higher mean irradiated lung dose resulting in a more intense local response is the likely culprit. Author Disclosure: N. Pham: None. R. Castillo: None. R. Castillo: None. B. Hobbs: None. T. Guerrero: None.
Age related changes in the effect of electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on the in vivo hydroxylation of tyrosine and tryptophan in rat brain.

Summary A single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was applied to 40 young (9 months) and 40 old (24 months) male rats. The effect on brain catecholamine synthesis was determined at intervals after ECS by measuring the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in rats pretreated with a central decar☐ylase inhibitor ( M -hydroxybenzyl hydrazine, NSD 1015). This accumulation permitted an estimation of the in vivo rates of hydroxylation of tyrosine and tryptophan. Control brain DOPA and 5-HTP concentrations were both lower in the older animals. Following ECS there was an increase in brain DOPA concentration (maximal at 60 min after ECS) in both young and old rats, but the increase was much smaller in the older animals. There were no changes in brain 5-HTP at any time after ECS, in either age group. It appears that aging selectively affects the response of the brain dopaminergic neurotransmitter system to stress, and we suggest that this may be a factor in the decreased resistance to stress in older subjects.
Urban Claims and Visual Sources in the Making of Dakar's Art World City

Dakar in Senegal is one of the African continent's premier contemporary art metropolises. The city's history as an art world center dates to the 1960s when President Leopold Sedar Senghor established a number of cultural institutions in Dakar linking modernist artistic production to Senegal's post-independence nationalist project. Whereas rich scholarship has dealt with art, independence, and nation building, this article addresses the relationship between visual production and Dakar's urban environment by positing artistic projects in Dakar as necessarily urban projects productive and expressive of the city's resources, possibilities, and connections.1 Just as visual producers sourcing the city abound in Dakar, beaux-arts practices and their exhibition are mediated and constructed by their relationship to the processes and networks constituting their city.
Multimodal Lamb Waves Power and Transfer Function Analysis of Structurally-Bonded PWAS

This paper presents an investigation of predictive power and energy modeling of space structures for structural health monitoring (SHM) with piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS). After a review of PWAS principles, the paper developed the multi-physics modeling of pitch-catch PWAS transfer function and discusses and the power and energy transduction between structurally guided Lamb waves and PWAS. The focus is a power and energy transduction analysis between the PWAS and a structure containing multimodal ultrasonic guided Lamb waves. The use of multimodal Lamb waves solution for power modeling is an extension of our previously presented simplified model that considered axial and flexural waves with low frequency approximation. Comparison between the axial and flexural approach and Lamb waves approach was evaluated. Frequency response functions are developed for voltage, current, complex power, active power, etc. The paper ends with summary, conclusion, and suggestion for further work.