cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk perception of COVID-19 and its socioeconomic correlates in the United States: A social media analysis

Social media analysis provides a new approach to monitoring and understanding risk perceptions regarding COVID-19 over time. Our current understandings of risk perceptions regarding COVID-19 do not disentangle the three dimensions of risk perceptions (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and negative emotion) over a long enough timeframe to cover different pandemic phases. The impact of social determinants of health factors on COVID-19-related risk perceptions over time is also not clear. To address these two knowledge gaps, we extracted tweets regarding COVID-19-related risk perceptions and developed index indicators for three dimensions of risk perceptions based on over 297 million geotagged tweets posted by over 3.5 million Twitter users from January to October 2020 in the United States. We also examined correlations between index indicator scores and county-level social determinants of health factors. The three domains of risk perceptions demonstrate different trajectories. Perceived severity kept climbing throughout the whole study period. Perceived susceptibility and negative emotion declined and remained stable at a lower level after peaking on March 11 (WHO named COVID-19 a global pandemic). Attention on risk perceptions was not exactly in accordance with epidemic trends of COVID-19 (cases, deaths). Users from socioeconomically vulnerable counties showed lower attention on perceived severity and susceptibility of COVID-19 than those from wealthier counties. Examination of trends in tweets regarding the multiple domains of risk perceptions throughout stages of the COVID-19 pandemic can help policy makers frame in-time, tailored, and appropriate responses to prevent viral spread and encourage preventive behavior uptake in United States.
Regional Advantages: Why U.S.–Mexico Trade Is Robust and Permanent

Mexico and the USA have the second largest bilateral trade relationship in the world, after only U.S.–Canadian trade. The free trade agreement facilitates the flow of goods and services, but other factors are important enough that an abrogation of the agreement would not likely alter the volume of trade in a significant way. Mexico–U.S. trade is driven by five factors in addition to the effects of the trade agreement. First, the proximity of the USA and Mexico reduces transportation costs. Second, the size of both the U.S. and Mexican economies creates a large demand for each other’s goods and services. Third, economic policy reforms in Mexico and the USA encouraged closer trade ties, particularly in the border region where Mexico’s export processing zone was deeply integrated with the American economy. Fourth, new information and communication technologies led to the development of cross-border value chains that further integrated manufacturing systems. And fifth, state and local efforts along the border have strengthened cross-border economic ties.
Investigations of association among atmospheric radionuclide measurements.

Abstract Large networks producing frequent atmospheric radionuclide measurements have additional power in characterizing and localizing radionuclide release events over the analysis performed with four or fewer radionuclide measurements. However, adding unrelated measurements to an analysis dilutes that advantage, unless source-term models are extended to account for this complexity. A key steppingstone to obtaining network power is to select a group of related sample measurements that are associated with a release event. Such collections of measurements can be assembled by an analyst, or perhaps they can be selected by algorithm. The authors explore, using a year of atmospheric transport calculations and realistic sensor sensitivities, the potential for a computed radionuclide association tool.
The Internet, social networks and civic engagement in Chinese societies

1. Taking stock, moving forward: the Internet, social networks and civic engagement in Chinese societies Wenhong Chen 2. Transnational immanence: the autopoietic co-constitution of a Chinese spiritual organization through mediated communication Pauline Hope Cheong, Jennie M. Hwang and Boris H.J.M. Brummans 3. Online political participation, civic talk, and media multiplexity: how Taiwanese citizens express political opinions on the Web Yuli Patrick Hsieh and Meng-Hao Li 4. Derailed emotions: The transformation of claims and targets during the Wenzhou online incident Maria Bondes and Gunter Schucher 5. Weibo communication and government legitimacy in China: a computer-assisted analysis of Weibo messages on two 'mass incidents' Jingrong Tong and Landong Zuo 6. Weibo network, information diffusion and implications for collective action in China Ronggui Huang and Xiaoyi Sun 7. Expanding civic engagement in China: Super Girl and entertainment-based online community Jingsi Christina Wu 8. Regional variation in Chinese internet filtering Joss Wright
Synergistic effects of the inhibitory Fc receptor FcγRIIB deficiency and lupus-associated SLAM family genes on breaking germinal center tolerance checkpoint (BA2P.126)

The inhibitory Fc receptor FcγRIIB deficiency and lupus-associated signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAMs) are suggested to contribute to autoimmunity in FcγRIIB deficient mice generated using 129Sv/J ES cells and backcrossed to B6 mice (B6-129.RIIBKO). To study the individual contribution of FcγRIIB deficiency and 129-derived SLAM genes to loss of germinal center (GC) tolerance we compared B6 mice deficient in FcγRIIB (B6.RIIBKO) and B6 mice congenic for 129-derived SLAM locus (B6.129-SLAM) with B6-129.RIIBKO and B6 controls. B6-129.RIIBKO mice developed numerous spontaneous germinal centers (Spt-GCs) with increased size producing high titers of autoantibodies against nuclear (ANA) and other self-antigens, alongside a hyperactive T cell phenotype. We also observed elevated Spt-GC and T-cell responses in B6.RIIBKO and B6.129-SLAM mice than B6 mice although much lower when compared to B6-129.RIIBKO mice. B6.RIIBKO and B6.129-SLAM mice also failed to produce high titers of ANAs in comparison to B6-129.RIIBKO. Ex vivo assays revealed that differentially expressed 129-SLAM genes promoted higher expression of activation molecules on B cells, T cells and DCs while FcγRIIB deficiency was sufficient to drive proliferation of B cells and T cells. Our results suggest that the co-operative effects of 129-derived SLAMs on activation and FcγRIIB deficiency on the proliferation of B cells and T cells are essential for breaking the GC tolerance checkpoint in B6-129.RIIBKO mice.
RNA-DNA Covalent Bonds Between the RNA Primers and the DNA Products Formed by RNA Tumor Virus DNA Polymerase

Initiation of DNA synthesis by endogenous RNA primer molecules was studied with three different RNA tumor viruses. The influence of the method of virus disruption on the observed RNA-DNA bonds was ascertained. Ether disrupted virions of both murine leukemia virus (MuLV) and the B77 strain of avian sarcoma virus (B77 virus) have rC-dC and rA-dA covalent linkages between RNA primers and newly synthesized DNA. None of the 14 other possible bonds were formed. Ether-disrupted virions of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) have rU-dC and rA-dA linkages. In contrast, work reported herein and from other laboratories shows that Nonidet P-40 (NP-40)-disrupted virions of all three viruses have only the rA-dA junction. Studies with virus particles which were first disrupted with ether and then treated with NP-40 indicated that the detergent treatment disallowed the formation of the ribopyrimidine-dC internucleotide bond. The same transfers are found with AMV in the presence or absence of actinomycin D, where only single-stranded DNA is formed. This finding is consistent with the notion that virtually all of the significant primers have been recognized. In contrast to mature virions, transfer experiments with ether-disrupted early harvest (5 min) MuLV showed only the rC-dC bond; the rA-dA bond was absent. The short-time harvest contains a significantly higher proportion of infectious virions than 24-h harvests. Also, since the RNA from early harvest virus is appreciably more homogenous than the RNA of mature MuLV, it is concluded that the ribopyrimidine-dC linkage is the more significant initiation event from a biochemical standpoint.
Differential display: Identifying genes involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation

An estimated 15,000 different mRNA species are expressed in a typical mammalian cell. The differential expression of mRNAs in both a temporal and cell-specific manner determines the fate of the cell and creates the organism. Analysis of this differential gene expression has become a central aim of many laboratories attempting to understand the mechanisms underlying various biological processes. Currently, we are using a technique called differential display to analyze the differential expression of genes in cardiomyocytes. Differential display is a rapid and powerful technique that was introduced by Liang and Pardee in 1992. Since that time, it has been successfully applied by several groups, and it is quickly becoming a standard method for studying differential gene expression. Here, we present a detailed article discussing the differential display methodology and how we have utilized it to identify potential genes involved in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Furthermore, we have provided a list of materials and supplied examples of data obtained, in an effort to allow the reader to perform the technique with success in their own laboratory.
Libraries in the Digital Future

Books, Bricks, and Bytes Libraries in the Twenty-First Century. Stephen R. Graubard and Paul LeClerc, Eds. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1998. 379 pp. Paper, $24.95. ISBN1-56000-986-1. Books, Bricks, and Bytes is a collection of essays looking at the future of libraries, written on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the New York Public Library. While defending the evolving role of librarians, most of the essays fail to grapple with potential problems such as rights to see and use information, or questions of archiving impermanent digital records.
Suicide: A 15‐Year Review of the Sociological Literature Part II: Modernization and Social Integration Perspectives

This article reviews the findings of 84 sociological studies published over a 15-year period. These studies deal with tests of the modernization and/or social integration perspectives on suicide. Research on modernization, religious integration, and political integration often questioned or reformulated the traditional Durkheimian perspective. A major new theoretical development, Pescosolido's religious networks perspective, gained some empirical support in the 15-year period. The strongest support for social integration theory came from research on marital integration, wherein more than three quarters of the research found a significant relationship. Finally, further research on migration, a force lowering social integration, continued to tend to find a positive link to suicide.
GCD2, a translational repressor of the GCN4 gene, has a general function in the initiation of protein synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract The GCD2 protein is a translational repressor of GCN4, the transcriptional activator of multiple amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We present evidence that GCD2 has a general function in the initiation of protein synthesis in addition to its gene-specific role in translational control of GCN4 expression. Two temperature-sensitive lethal gcd2 mutations result in sensitivity to inhibitors of protein synthesis at the permissive temperature, and the gcd2-503 mutation leads to reduced incorporation of labeled leucine into total protein following a shift to the restrictive temperature of 36 degrees C. The gcd2-503 mutation also results in polysome runoff, accumulation of inactive 80S ribosomal couples, and accumulation of at least one of the subunits of the general translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) in 43S-48S particles following a shift to the restrictive temperature. The gcd2-502 mutation causes accumulation of 40S subunits in polysomes, known as halfmers, that are indicative of reduced 40S-60S subunit joining at the initiation codon. These phenotypes suggest that GCD2 functions in the translation initiation pathway at a step following the binding of eIF-2.GTP.Met-tRNA(iMet) to 40S ribosomal subunits. consistent with this hypothesis, we found that inhibiting 40S-60S subunit joining by deleting one copy (RPL16B) of the duplicated gene encoding the 60S ribosomal protein L16 qualitatively mimics the phenotype of gcd2 mutations in causing derepression of GCN4 expression under nonstarvation conditions. However, deletion of RPL16B also prevents efficient derepression of GCN4 under starvation conditions, indicating that lowering the concentration of 60S subunits and reducing GCD2 function affect translation initiation at GCN4 in different ways. This distinction is in accord with a recently proposed model for GCN4 translational control in which ribosomal reinitiation at short upstream open reading frames in the leader of GCN4 mRNA is suppressed under amino acid starvation conditions to allow for increased reinitiation at the GCN4 start codon.
The Wages of Sin

Edlund and Korn [2002] (EK) proposed that prostitutes are well paid and that the wage premium reflects foregone marriage market opportunities. However, studies of street prostitution in the U.S. have revealed only modest wages and considerable risks of disease and violence, casting doubt on EK’s premise of an unexplained wage premium. In this paper, we present evidence from high-end prostitution, the so called escort market, a market that is, if not entirely safe, notably safer than street prostitution. Analyzing wage information on more than 40,000 escorts in the U.S. and Canada collected from a web site, we find strong support for EK. First, escorts in the sample earn high wages, on average $280/hour. Second, while looks decline monotonically with age, wages follow a hump-shaped pattern, with a peak in the 26-30 age bracket, which coincides with the most intensive marriage ages for women in the U.S. Third, the age-wage profile is significantly flatter, and prices are lower (5%), despite slightly better escort characteristics, in cities that rank high in terms of conferences, suggesting that servicing men in transit is associated with less stigma. Fourth, this hump in the age-wage profile is absent among escorts for whom the marriage market penalty is lower or absent: escorts who do not provide sex and transsexuals.
Cultivating adjunct faculty: strategies beyond orientation.

antistebanEguesProblem Schools of nursing across the country are using adjunct faculty to meet clinical, didactic, and online instructional needs of their nursing programs. While adjunct faculty are vital to the alleviation of the nursing shortage and the shortage of nursing faculty, and to the preparation of the current and future nursing workforce, little is known about cultivating adjunct faculty as nurse educators. Method To investigate the cultivation of adjunct nursing faculty, the authors engaged in a comprehensive review of the extant literature of primary databases and reports from accredited nursing programs and professional nursing organizations. Findings Scant literature exists that seeks to identify issues associated with developing adjunct nursing faculty as educators, including role transition needs, and useful approaches to orientation, mentorship, or retention. Conclusions Working toward cultivation of adjunct faculty includes innovative support measures beyond simple orientation. Orientation should be comprehensive, and move to mentorship as a key component that helps establish a sustainable nurse educator career for adjunct nursing faculty. It is incumbent upon schools of nursing to cultivate their adjunct faculty, and this article includes creative approaches to doing so, with recommendations for nursing education, nursing practice, and nursing research settings. While adjunct faculty may successfully meet some of the challenges faced by nursing programs, they themselves face many challenges that may hinder their success as nurse educators. SantistebanEgues
A spectroscopic study of nickel oxide films on polycrystalline nickel

Abstract The growth of nickel oxide films has attracted much attention over the years, and various diffusion mechanisms have been proposed to model the process. The popular techniques used to study the mass transport mechanisms have been Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Another approach that has been suggested is the study of isotope separation during thin film growth. This type of analysis can give the mechanism of reaction during the film growth and is the technique used in this study. A normal isotope separation implies either grain boundary or lattice diffusion, whereas a reverse separation explicity implies grain boundary diffusion. This study looks at nickel oxides grown on polycrystalline nickel at 400, 600 and 800°C, and which range from 1.5 to 18 μm in thickness. Oxides were grown under atmospheric oxygen partial pressure conditions. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the nature of the oxide, and SIMS, in conjunction with Auger spectroscopy and argon ion sputtering, was used to determine the isotope separation if any. It was found that the oxide grown at 800°C exhibited reverse isotope separation, whereas the oxides grown at lower temperatures showed normal separation. Simplified calculations of the chemical diffusion coefficients of nickel in nickel oxide have also been made at the temperatures of interest, and activation energies ranging from 55.2 to 190.4 kJ mol-1 were obtained.
A defective P1 prophage with a chromosomal location

Abstract Phage P1 cryptic, isolated from P1dCM, is defective and carries the genes for chloramphenicol resistance. Many of the known P1 genes have been deleted from P1cry and these are all contiguous with the exception of one mutant. Although gene c1+ (the immunity repressor gene) can be rescued from P1 cryptic lysogens by all known c1 mutants, cryptic lysogens are not immune. P1 cryptic was found to be located on the host chromosome between lac and pro, and it provides a region of attachment at which a superinfecting wild-type P1 can enter the host chromosome.
Testicular steroid sulfatase. Substrate specificity and inhibition.

Abstract Kinetic studies of the cleavage of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (1) and androstenediol-3-sulfate by a particulate enzyme preparation from a rat testicular microsomal fraction gave Km values of 2.04 × 10−6M for DHA-S and 0.935 × 10−6M for androstenediol-3-sulfate with identical Vmax values. Inhibition studies with equimolar concentrations of substrate and inhibitor demonstrated that 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol was the most potent inhibitor among fifteen C-19 and C-18 unconjugated steroids investigated. Substitution of: 1) a Δ4 or Δ5 bond or phenolic A ring for a saturated A ring, 2) 17α-hydroxyl group for a 17β-hydroxyl group, or 3) a 3α-hydroxyl group for a 3β-hydroxyl group, markedly decreased the inhibitory effect of the steroid. Ki values of 1.7 × 10−6 M, 3.3 × 10−6M and 11.8 × 10−6M were found with 5α-androstane-3β, 17β-diol, 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol and testosterone, respectively. The kinetic data related to inhibition are consistent with partial competitive inhibition.
Nod Factor Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Efflux in a Host Legume

Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) efflux was measured from Medicago truncatula root segments exposed to purified Nod factor and to poly-GalUA (PGA) heptamers. Nod factor, at concentrations > 100 pM, reduced H(2)O(2) efflux rates to 60% of baseline levels beginning 20 to 30 min after exposure, whereas the PGA elicitor, at > 75 nM, caused a rapid increase in H(2)O(2) efflux to >200% of baseline rates. Pretreatment of plants with Nod factor alters the effect of PGA by limiting the maximum H(2)O(2) efflux rate to 125% of that observed for untreated plants. Two Nod factor-related compounds showed no ability to modulate peroxide efflux, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), a nonlegume, showed no response to 1 nM Nod factor. Seven M. truncatula mutants, lacking the ability to make nodules, were tested for Nod factor effects on H(2)O(2) efflux. The nfp mutant was blocked for suppression of peroxide efflux, whereas the dmi1 and dmi2 mutants, previously shown to be blocked for early Nod factor responses, showed a wild-type peroxide efflux modulation. These data demonstrate that exposure to Nod factor suppresses the activity of the reactive oxygen-generating system used for plant defense responses.
In situ determination of Soil carbon pool by inelastic neutron scattering: Comparison with dry combustion

There is a well-documented need for new in situ technologies for elemental analysis of soil, particularly for carbon (C), that overcome the limitations of the currently established chemical method by dry combustion (DC). In this work, we evaluated the concordance between the new INS (inelastic neutron scattering) technology and the DC method. The comparisons were carried out in the high C content (30-40%) organic soils of Willard, Ohio (4 sites), in natural forest in Willard, Ohio (1 site), and in a watershed pasture, with an {approx} 10{sup o} slope, in Coshocton, Ohio (5 sites). In addition to these stationary measurements, the organic soil and the pasture were continuously scanned with the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) system to obtain the transects mean C value. Both types of measurements, INS and DC, registered a decline in the surface density of C along transects in the watershed and in the organic soil. Similarly, both recorded a drop in C in the organic soil of about 0.16%. In the pastureland, declines in C levels of 0.08% and 0.10% were observed, respectively, by DC and INS. Combining the results from the three sites yielded a very satisfactory correlation between the INS- and DC-responses, with amore » regression coefficient, r{sup 2}, value of about 0.99. This suggests the possibility of establishing a universal regression line for various soil types. In addition, we demonstrated the ability of INS to measure the mean value over transect. In organic soil the mean value of an INS scan agreed, {approx} 0.5%, with the mean values of the DC analysis, whereas large discrepancy between these two was recorded in the pastureland. Overall, the various trends observed in C measurements by INS concurred with those determined by the DC method, so enhancing the confidence in the new INS technology.« less
Wiggler limited long wavelength operation of an FEL

Abstract An important criterion in the design of a free electron laser (FEL) is its expected operating wavelength range. With a fixed wiggler gap, the longest wavelength at which oscillation can occur is set by diffraction losses in the optical resonator. To quantify this, we have carried out a series of measurements to determine the long wavelength limit of the present Stanford FEL. We compare these results with a three dimensional theory of FEL gain and calculations of optical cavity losses, including partial waveguiding.
Positive behaviour support and supported employment for adults with severe disability

AbstractBackground Functional assessments and supported employment procedures have the potential to enhance quality of life factors for adults who have historically been isolated.Method Functional assessments and supported employment procedures were used to assist four adults with severe disability who exhibited challenging behaviour, to achieve community access and employment. Hypothesis-driven interventions were used to decrease problem behaviours and increase access to job-related activities in the community.Results All participants met criterion on task analysed job performance. When participants were involved in community settings and job training, an immediate and complete absence of problem behaviour occurred within those settings.Conclusions Findings emphasise the importance of positive behavioural supports and community access in the lives of adults who have historically been isolated.
A model study of bump' induced western boundary current variabilities

Abstract A time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical model is used to study the effects of a bottom irregularity or “bump” on western boundary current (WBC) variabilities along a simplified shelf and slope. Numerical experiments with (i) no bottom bump, (ii) a small bump and (iii) a large bump have been conducted. Case (i) produces low variabilities and cases (ii) and (iii) show significant increase in slope and shelf energetics both downstream and upstream of the bump. Disturbances generated at the bump are well correlated with flow variabilities upstream. Downstream variabilities are caused by meander development following the WBC deflection by the bump, while topographic waves excite upstream variabilities. The model also indicates two modes of deflection paths, small- and large-amplitude pahs, downstream of the bump. These findings are further supported by results obtained from a Gulf Stream simulation which incorporates the bathymetry of the U.S. South Atlantic Bight, and which has a more realistic boundary forcing. The simulated eddy kinetic energy distribution shows three regions of variability which are of interest: one inshore (and slightly downstream) and one offshore of the Charleston Bump, and a third region over the shelfbreak some 150–200 km upstream of the Bump. The inshore and offshore maxima are due to the small and large amplitude deflection paths of the model Gulf Stream, respectively, while the upstream maximum is presumably due to topographic wave activity.
A phase II evaluation of adriamycin and cis‐platinum in hormone resistant prostate cancer

Twenty-five patients with metastatic prostate cancer were treated with a combination of Adriamycin 50 mg/m2 and cis-platinum (CDDP) 50 mg/m2 every three weeks. Response was evaluated using radioisotope bone scan, serum acid phosphatase levels, and clinical status. Response rates of 6% bone, 21% acid phosphatase, and 24% clinical status were noted. Major toxicity was gastrointestinal (due to CDDP). Treatment was well tolerated even in patients with extensive bone metastases and prior irradiation. Using the response criteria described here, patients with metastatic prostate cancer without measurable soft tissue disease are eligible for Phase II and III study.
Optimal Control of Multibattery Energy-Aware Systems

We study the problem of optimally controlling a set of nonideal rechargeable batteries that can be shared to perform a given amount of work over some specified time period. We seek to maximize the minimum residual energy among all batteries at the end of this period by optimally controlling the discharging and recharging process at each battery. Modeling a battery as a dynamic system, we adopt a kinetic battery model and formulate an optimal control problem under the constraint that discharging and recharging cannot occur at the same time. We show that the optimal solution must result in equal residual energies for all batteries as long as such a policy is feasible. This simplifies the task of subsequently deriving explicit solutions for the problem, which is accomplished by first analyzing the 2-battery case and then considering the general N-battery case .
Optically-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance of Eu3+ in LaF3

Abstract We report optically-detected nuclear quadrupole resonance (ODNQR) of Eu 3+ in LaF 3 . The anomalous nuclear quadrupole moments of 151 Eu 3+ and 153 Eu 3+ isotopes have been measured by detecting r.f.-induced quadrupole resonance which enhances the 7 F 0 ↔ 5 D 0 optical transition. Due to significant second-order hyperfine cancellation, the lowest quadrupole splitting in the ground state is only 6.95 MHz. In analysis of the ODNQR spectrum, an effective nuclear quadrupole Hamiltonian is diagonalized and the measured quadrupole splittings are used to determine the quadrupole interaction parameters for the ground state 7 F 0 . For 151 Eu, P 151 = 2.67 and η 151 = 0.58, and for 153 Eu, P 151 = 6.80 and η 151 = 0.49.
Bulk titanium-rich alloys containing nanoscale disordered regions

Nanoscale disordered regions were obtained in titanium-rich alloys via annealing of a metastable crystalline phase. This metastable bcc solid solution (β) was formed in the alloy Ti65Cr13Cu16Mn4Fe2 following arc melting and cooling or simply by air cooling a solutionized ingot. Since only air cooling was required to retain the β phase, large ingots can be produced. During subsequent annealing, partial amorphization occurred in conjunction with a phase transformation from β to β′. The premise for this amorphization is the reduction of the free energy difference between an amorphous phase and a metastable crystalline phase with proper alloy additions. Comparisons are made with amorphized powders at the same composition produced by mechanical milling.
Sleep disturbance and neuropsychological function in young children with ADHD

Sleep disturbance, common among children with ADHD, can contribute to cognitive and behavioral dysfunction. It is therefore challenging to determine whether neurobehavioral dysfunction should be attributed to ADHD symptoms, sleep disturbance, or both. The present study examined parent-reported sleep problems (Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire) and their relationship to neuropsychological function in 64 children, aged 4-7 years, with and without ADHD. Compared to typically developing controls, children with ADHD were reported by parents to have significantly greater sleep disturbance--including sleep onset delay, sleep anxiety, night awakenings, and daytime sleepiness--(all p ≤ .01), and significantly poorer performance on tasks of attention, executive control, processing speed, and working memory (all p < .01). Within the ADHD group, total parent-reported sleep disturbance was significantly associated with deficits in attention and executive control skills (all p ≤ .01); however, significant group differences (relative to controls) on these measures remained (p < .01) even after controlling for total sleep disturbance. While sleep problems are common among young children with ADHD, these findings suggest that inattention and executive dysfunction appear to be attributable to symptoms of ADHD rather than to sleep disturbance. The relationships among sleep, ADHD symptoms, and neurobehavioral function in older children may show different patterns as a function of the chronicity of disordered sleep.
Modern Japanese Cuisine: Food, Power and National Identity by Katarzyna J. Cwiertka

(2009). Modern Japanese Cuisine: Food, Power and National Identity by Katarzyna J. Cwiertka. Food, Culture & Society: Vol. 12, No. 2, pp. 243-245.
Editorial: Introducing Operations Management Research: Advancing practice through theory

A couple of years ago, one of us was a co-author on a paper presenting the results of a nice little operations management (OM) research study. Although narrowly focused, it came to some important conclusions and insights regarding an important concept in our field, but we were at a loss about where to try to publish it. It wasn’t a massive study with multiple confounded variables that had to be teased out using sophisticated statistical techniques, nor did it present impressive, earth-shaking conclusions, so it seemed obvious that it wasn’t suitable for the top journals in our field. Nor, some editors informed us, was it appropriate for the engineering or math or management oriented, journals where OM researchers sometimes publish their work. It seemed we had run out of alternatives. Whereas the field of Finance has 46 or more journals that have the words Finance or Financial in their title, and somewhat the same is probably true for Marketing, Economics, and Management, in OM, there are only about five journals with the words Operations Management somewhere in their title. It thus seemed clear that there was a tremendous need, and opportunity, for additional journals in our field. Moreover, since the demise of the Production & Inventory Management Journal published by APICS (formerly, the American Production and Inventory Control Society) and the Notes section of the Journal of Operations Management, there has been no place for academic scholars to read about and publish small but high-quality OM research studies. Between just these two publications themselves, that means about 70 short OM research papers are not being published each year, or are perhaps being published but in less preferred or less appropriate journals. And since that time, the field has grown in both size and stature, while the pressure for publishing continues to increase. As a result, we decided to take matters into our own hands and initiate an OM journal dedicated to smaller, focused papers that held particular promise of advancing practice, since OM is basically an applied field. The journal would not compete with existing A-level journals in the field but would instead aspire to publish shorter, more sharply focused work that exhibited solid methodological rigor. The journal would entertain all OM topics and all forms of research: survey, math modeling, case, field, qualitative, simulation, ethnography, hermeneutics, metaanalyses, and other such reputable methodologies. However, total manuscript length would be limited to 20 pages (including figures and tables) and the turnaround time would be fast, with a target maximum of 8 weeks. We Oper Manag Res (2008) 1:1–5 DOI 10.1007/s12063-008-0009-8
Acetonitrile synthesis over potassium-promoted, supported iron catalysts

Potassium promotion of iron on high surface area carbon catalysts increases the selectivity for direct acetonitrile synthesis from CO, H2, and NH3 at temperatures of 673–723 K and atmospheric pressure. Catalyst wafers prereduced in hydrogen at 673 K were quenched from reaction in situ to room temperature or 77 K for Mossbauer analysis. The spectra show reversible formation of small e'-iron carbide panicles at short reaction times followed by sintering of the e' phase and partial conversion to χ-carbide as the activity and selectivity decrease to a steady value. Catalysts prereduced only to the Fe2+ state by hydrogen treatment at 473 K grow to a steady rate higher than that of catalysts prereduced at 673 K, but do not reach the value of the high rate maximum of those catalysts. These results are consistent with assignment of ee' carbide as the primary active phase, but imply that the development of effective surface area of this phase during reaction depends on its relative rates of production and sintering.
Design requirements for more flexible structured editors from a study of programmers' text editing

A detailed study of Java programmers' text editing found that the full flexibility of unstructured text was not utilized for the vast majority of programmers' character-level edits. Rather, programmers used a small set of editing patterns to achieve their modifications, which accounted for all of the edits observed in the study. About two-thirds of the edits were of name and list structures and most edits preserved structure except for temporary omissions of delimiters. These findings inform the design of a new class of more flexible structured program editors that may avoid well-known usability problems of traditional structured editors, while providing more sophisticated support such as more universal code completion and smarter copy and paste.
Quantitation of cardiolipin molecular species in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has previously been used to probe qualitative changes in the phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), but it has rarely been used in a quantitative manner. We assessed changes in the amount of individual molecular species of cardiac CL present in a model of congestive heart failure using 1,1′,2,2′-tetramyristoyl cardiolipin as an internal standard. There was a linear relationship between the ratio of the negative molecular ion ([M-H]−) current from four different CL reference standards and the [M-H]− from the internal standard, as a function of the concentration of CL molecular species. Therefore, this internal standard can be used to quantitate many naturally occurring CL molecular species over a wide range of CL concentrations. Using this method, changes to individual molecular species of CL in failing hearts from male spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats were examined. CL isolated from cardiac mitochondria was compared with left ventricular tissue to demonstrate the feasibility of extracting and quantitating CL from either mitochondrial or tissue samples. The acyl chain composition of individual CL molecular species was identified using tandem mass spectrometry. In animals with heart failure, the major cardiac CL species (tetralinoloyl) decreased significantly, whereas other minor CL species were significantly increased.
Toward mutual information based automatic registration of 3D point clouds

This paper reports a novel mutual information (MI) based algorithm for automatic registration of unstructured 3D point clouds comprised of co-registered 3D lidar and camera imagery. The proposed method provides a robust and principled framework for fusing the complementary information obtained from these two different sensing modalities. High-dimensional features are extracted from a training set of textured point clouds (scans) and hierarchical k-means clustering is used to quantize these features into a set of codewords. Using this codebook, any new scan can be represented as a collection of codewords. Under the correct rigid-body transformation aligning two overlapping scans, the MI between the codewords present in the scans is maximized. We apply a James-Stein-type shrinkage estimator to estimate the true MI from the marginal and joint histograms of the codewords extracted from the scans. Experimental results using scans obtained by a vehicle equipped with a 3D laser scanner and an omnidirectional camera are used to validate the robustness of the proposed algorithm over a wide range of initial conditions. We also show that the proposed method works well with 3D data alone.
Determination of the carboxyl-terminal amino acid residue of the β-galactosidase of Escherichia coli K12

Abstract 1. 1. The carboxyl-terminal amino acid residue of the β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) of Escherichia coli K 12 has been shown to be lysine by both hydrazinolysis and carboxypeptidase B (EC 3.4.2.2) digestion. One mole of lysine per mole of monomer was found on the basis of a monomer molecular weight of 135 000. 2. 2. Further evidence is presented suggesting that the monomer may be composed of more than one peptide chain and the suggestion is made that unusual covalent bonds may be present in the molecule.
The Effect of MgSO4 Treatment on Cerebral Cortical Nuclear DNA Following In Utero Hypoxia and Recovery in the Term Guinea Pig Fetus

The Effect of MgSO 4 Treatment on Cerebral Cortical Nuclear DNA Following In Utero Hypoxia and Recovery in the Term Guinea Pig Fetus
Impact of body mass index on pulmonary complications in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

The objective of this study was to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of pulmonary complications (PCs) after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). We reviewed 398 adult patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who received autologous or allogeneic HCT between 1993 and 1997. BMI was classified as normal (18.5 30). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and presence of PCs within 100 days post-HCT while adjusting for patient-, disease- and transplant-related variables. The incidence of PCs within 100 days post-HCT was 32% (n = 129). Median BMI was 25.4 (range: 18.6–52.2). Median age was 48.8 years (range: 19.5–73.6 years). Multivariate analysis failed to show significant association between BMI and PCs. However, a total body irradiation (TBI)-based conditioning regimen was associated with lower rate of PCs.
Maximum Recommended Dosage of Lithium for Pregnant Women Based on a PBPK Model for Lithium Absorption

Treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium therapy during pregnancy is a medical challenge. Bipolar disorder is more prevalent in women and its onset is often concurrent with peak reproductive age. Treatment typically involves administration of the element lithium, which has been classified as a class D drug (legal to use during pregnancy, but may cause birth defects) and is one of only thirty known teratogenic drugs. There is no clear recommendation in the literature on the maximum acceptable dosage regimen for pregnant, bipolar women. We recommend a maximum dosage regimen based on a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The model simulates the concentration of lithium in the organs and tissues of a pregnant woman and her fetus. First, we modeled time-dependent lithium concentration profiles resulting from lithium therapy known to have caused birth defects. Next, we identified maximum and average fetal lithium concentrations during treatment. Then, we developed a lithium therapy regimen to maximize the concentration of lithium in the mother’s brain, while maintaining the fetal concentration low enough to reduce the risk of birth defects. This maximum dosage regimen suggested by the model was 400 mg lithium three times per day.
Design of SLM-constrained MACE filters using simulated annealing optimization

Among the available filters for pattern recognition, the MACE filter produces the sharpest peak with very small sidelobes. However, when these filters are implemented using practical spatial light modulators (SLMs), because of the constrained nature of the amplitude and phase modulation characteristics of the SLM, the implementation is no longer optimal. The resulting filter response does not produce high accuracy in the recognition of the test images. In this paper, this deterioration in response is overcome by designing constrained MACE filters such that the filter is allowed to have only those values of phase-amplitude combination that can be implemented on a specified SLM. The design is carried out using simulated annealing optimization technique. The algorithm developed and the results obtained on computer simulations of the designed filters are presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A note on rational approximations of transcendental functions

Es wird gezeigt, wie man mit einfachen Mitteln rationale Naherungsfunktionen zur Annaherung von speziellen Funktionen erzeugen kann. Diese werden zur Inversion der Laplace-Transformationen bei einem Problem der Fortpflanzung von Spannungswellen benutzt. Die Ergebnisse der Naherungen werden mit anderen Naherungsmethoden und mit der exakten Losung verglichen.
Identification of Genes Associated with Tumor Suppression in Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells

Loss of a tumor-suppressor gene function appears to play a critical role in the multistep process of neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells in vitro. Clonal variants of two ...
REGGE-POLE FORMULAS FOR DIFFERENTIAL CROSS SECTIONS OF QUASI-TWO-BODY $pi$N AND NN INTERACTIONS.

Regge-pole formulas for differential cross sections of some quasi-two-body $\ensuremath{\pi}N$ and $\mathrm{NN}$ interactions, which can have one or two meson trajectories exchanged, are given in this paper. The reactions treated are: $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\Delta}(1236)$, $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\Delta}(1236)$, $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{A}_{2}N$, $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}N$, $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\eta}\ensuremath{\Delta}(1236)$, $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}N$, $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\Delta}(1236)$, $\mathrm{NN}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N\ensuremath{\Delta}(1236)$, $\mathrm{NN}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N{N}^{*}(1500,{\frac{3}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, $\mathrm{NN}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N{N}^{*}(1480,{\frac{1}{2}}^{+})$.
Practice-based vs performance-based standards for carbon sequestration projects

Abstract Interest in deployment of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is at odds with the lack of regulations to guide deployment. This can be resolved by a practice-based regulatory framework focused on data collection, prediction, and iteration. Such a regulatory framework could require operators to undertake behaviors that would empower initial regulatory efforts and tell potential operators what to do and why, not how to do it or to what precision. The most important practices comprise prediction and validation. This approach would have several positive effects, including encouraging would-be operators to invest in site selection, planning, modeling and prediction, monitoring, and regular updating of geotechnical operation.
Management of pediatric liver injuries: A 13-year experience at a pediatric trauma center

Abstract Purpose: This study of traumatic liver injuries (LI) in children reviews the authors' management and identifies the indications for surgical intervention. Methods: A total of 11,761 admissions over 13 years to a regional pediatric trauma center were surveyed. Results: LI were identified in 328 children. Mechanisms included 39% pedestrians struck by a vehicle, 34% motor vehicle occupants, 13% falls or discrete blows to the abdomen, 5% bicycle injuries, 5% child abuse, and 4% penetrating injuries. Eighty-seven of patients with LI were treated nonoperatively with a mortality rate of 17%. Six percent of deaths were attributed to the LI and massive hemorrhage, all of which presented with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in progress, with the remainder of deaths attributed to massive head, neck, or chest injuries (HNCI, 90%) and sepsis (4%). Surgery was performed in 13% of all LI and included major hepatic vascular injury (MHVI) repairs (34%), hepatorrhaphies (34%), lobectomies (27%), and biliary repairs (4%). Excluding the nonoperative group deaths, the need for blood transfusion of more than 25 mL/kg in the first 2 hours as an indicator of surgical necessity or a MHVI had, respectively, a sensitivity of 34% and 67%, specificity of 98% and 97%, positive predictive value of 79% and 53%, negative predictive value of 89% and 98%, and prediction accuracy of 88% and 95%. In the surgical management group, the mortality rate was 23% with 40% of deaths attributed to MHVI, 30% a combination of MHVI and HNCI, 20% massive HNCI, and 10% sepsis. Conclusions: The majority of pediatric LI are not associated with hemodynamic instability and can be successfully managed nonoperatively (72%). Hemodynamic instability, as defined by the need for blood transfusion in excess of 25 mL/kg within the first 2 hours, was a strong indicator of a MHVI, which was often a lethal injury (70%).
atmospheric electricity—some themes

Abstract Trends in atmospheric electricity are illustrated by means of four themes. These are that there is a constant and healthy change in the emphasis of research investigations; that practical applications of any research need to be kept in mind; that—even so—research of no obvious utility at its commencement can still suddenly become of immense importance; and that it is perhaps time for a new Thunderstorm Project. A plea is made for a greater emphasis on “national” rather than “international” research.