cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating leader-member exchange and employee envy: An evidence from the information technology industry

This study investigates the dynamics of supervisor-subordinate relationship, commonly referred in leadership literature as leader-member exchange (LMX), in the context of envy, and its associated consequences. Building on the affective events theory, we hypothesize that employees who do not share a good relationship with their supervisors (low-quality LMX) will be envious of the peers that maintain great relationship (high-quality LMX) with the supervisor. As a result, they will restrict knowledge sharing, and engage in uncivil behaviors. Hierarchical regression was used to test hypotheses on data derived from a sample of 204 software engineers working across various information technology firms in India. The study found support for all of the proposed hypotheses and extends research in the field by demonstrating negative consequences of envy in the workplace.
Smart access to 3D structures

QR Chem is a free resource that enables teachers and researchers to link audiences directly to three-dimensional renderings of molecules.
Dying-back of Purkinje cell dendrites with synapse loss in aging rats

Qualitative and quantitative changes were found in the cerebellar circuitry of old as compared to young rats. The old group had a reduced number of synapses (at least 30%), however, there was an increase in the size of remaining synaptic components (13.5% for spine head volume, 66% for bouton volume, and 17% for the area of synaptic contact zones). Furthermore, there were pronounced morphological changes in the older group appearing as: 1) prominent lipofuscin bodies in Purkinje cell somata, 2) numerous myelinated fibers in the lower part of the molecular layer, 3) tortuous Purkinje cell dendrites in a thinned molecular layer, and 4) abundant vacuolar profiles and membrane swirls in small and intermediate-sized dendrites. Our findings suggest that Purkinje cell dendrites are dying-back reducing the target field for granule cells and that remaining synaptic sites compensate by increasing synaptic contact area as well as the size of pre- and postsynaptic structures.
Emerging outbreaks associated with conflict and failing healthcare systems in the Middle East

The escalating conflicts in the Middle East have been associated with the rapid collapse of the existing healthcare systems in affected countries. As millions of refugees flee their countries, they become vulnerable and exposed to communicable diseases that easily grow into epidemic crises. Here, we describe infectious disease epidemics that have been associated with conflicts in the Middle East, including cholera, poliomyelitis, measles, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and diphtheria, that call for appropriate preventive measures. Local ongoing wars and failing healthcare systems have resulted in regional and global health threats that warrant international medical interventions.
SoLiD: Segmentation of Clostridioides Difficile Cells in the Presence of Inhomogeneous Illumination Using a Deep Adversarial Network

Segmentation of cells in scanning electron microscopy images is a challenging problem due to the presence of inhomogeneous illumination. Classical pre-processing methods for illumination normalization destroy the texture and add noise to the image. In this paper, we present a deep cell segmentation method using adversarial training that is robust to inhomogeneous illumination. Specifically, we apply a model based on U-net as the segmenter and a deep ConvNet as the discriminator for the adversarial training called SoLiD: “Segmentation of clostridioides difficile cells in the presence of inhomogeneous iLlumInation using a Deep adversarial network”. We also present an image augmentation algorithm to obtain the training images required for SoLid. The results indicate that SoLiD is robust to inhomogeneous illumination. The segmentation performance is compared to the U-net and the dice score is improved by 44%.
Chip-to-chip RF Communications and Power Delivery via On-chip Antennas

This tutorial provides students with a basic understanding of the challenges involved in designing RF-powered RF-connected integrated circuits (ICs) with on-chip antennas (OCAs). The tutorial begins by discussing the potential cost and performance advantages of creating ICs with OCAs. The design of ICs in which the antenna and conventional circuitry are all fabricated on the same substrate offers advantages in terms of size, weight and cost over conventional RFID/sensor systems in which an IC is assembled onto an antenna substrate; however, it is challenging because the limited size of the antenna set by the die size and its proximity to a resistive ground plane (the IC substrate) both decrease the RF energy that can be harvested to operate the on-chip circuitry. In this Tutorial, we will apply simplifying approximations in order to develop basic equations relating the size and geometry of the antennas to the ability of the OCA-IC to harvest ambient RF energy; and, we will validate those equations with electromagnetic field simulations. The tutorial will also examine the challenging issue of matching the antenna to the on-chip electronics in a way that maximizes the power that can be extracted from an external RF signal. The Tutorial will consider operation across a range of frequencies and will explore both in-plane spiral antennas and out-of-plane helical antennas. The Tutorial will conclude with an analysis of the case when an OCA-ICs is integrated into medicines in order to provide secure validation of medicinal pills and capsules.
An Attachment-Informed Approach to Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is a widely utilized evidence-based practice for treating children exhibiting symptoms of trauma. The model is theoretically grounded in principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and incorporates a safe caregiver throughout treatment. TF-CBT’s use of a safe parental figure is supported by attachment theory, but the model does not fully address the complex needs of the families frequently served by social service organizations. Through the lens of attachment, the TF-CBT model holds more potential by directly supporting the parent/child bond and enhancing a caregiver’s role as a secure base. As the field of neuroscience advances rapidly, new research supports attachment based interventions, and thus, also supports the importance of enhancing the parent child bond in trauma treatment. The purpose of this paper is to highlight ways that attachment theory, if made more explicit in training and education programs, could enhance clinicians’ understanding and involvement of the caregiver in TF-CBT, thus making the model more applicable to families who have experienced complex, intergenerational trauma. An overview of literature related to attachment and trauma and the efficacy of TF-CBT will be provided, as well as a case illustration integrating TF-CBT and attachment principles with a highly complex family.
What Happens After Disclosing Stigmatized Experiences on Identified Social Media: Individual, Dyadic, and Social/Network Outcomes

Disclosing stigmatized experiences or identity facets on identified social media (e.g., Facebook) can be risky, inhibited, yet beneficial for the discloser. I investigate such disclosures' outcomes when they do happen on identified social media as perceived by the individuals who perform them. I draw on interviews with women who have experienced pregnancy loss and are social media users in the U.S. I document outcomes at the social/network, individual, and dyad levels. I highlight the powerful role of connecting with others with a similar experience within networks of known ties, how disclosures lead to relationship changes, how disclosers take on new social roles as mentors and support sources, and how helpful connections following disclosures originate from various kinds of ties via diverse communication channels. I emphasize reciprocal disclosures as an outcome contributing to further outcomes (e.g., destigmatizing pregnancy loss). I provide design implications related to facilitating being a support source and mentor, helpful reciprocal disclosures, and finding similar others within networks of known ties.
Long-term Western diet intake leads to dysregulated bile acid signaling and dermatitis with Th2 and Th17 pathway features in mice.

Abstract Background Dietary interventions are implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. Objective To investigate the effect of diet and the bile acid (BA) receptors, such as TGR5 (Takeda G protein receptor 5) and S1PR2 (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2) in the development of dermatitis. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (CD) or Western diet (WD) since weaning until they were 10 months old followed by analyzing histology, gene expression, and BA profiling. Results Mice developed dermatitis as they aged and the incidence was higher in females than males. Additionally, WD intake substantially increased the incidence of dermatitis. Cutaneous antimicrobial peptide genesS100A8, S100A9, and Defb4 were reduced in WD-fed mice, but increased when mice developed skin lesions. In addition, Tgr5 and TGR5-regulated Dio2 and Nos3 were reduced in WD intake but induced in dermatitic lesions. Trpa1 and Trpv1, which mediate itch, were also increased in dermatitic lesions. The expression of S1pr2 and genes encoding sphingosine kinases, S1P phosphatases, binding protein, and transporter were all reduced by WD intake but elevated in dermatitic lesions. Furthermore, dermatitis development increased total cutaneous BA with an altered profile, which may change TGR5 and S1PR2 activity. Moreover, supplementation with BA sequestrant cholestyramine reduced epidermal thickening as well as cutaneous inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion In summary, activation of TGR5 and S1PR2, which regulate itch, keratinocyte proliferation, metabolism, and inflammation, may contribute to WD-exacerbated dermatitis with Th2 and Th17 features. In addition, elevated total BA play a significant role in inducing dermatitis and cutaneous inflammation.
High harmonic generation spectroscopy via orbital angular momentum

We present an experimental technique using orbital angular momentum (OAM) in a fundamental laser field to drive high harmonic generation (HHG). The mixing of beams with different OAM allows us to generate two laser foci tightly spaced which generate harmonics that interfere in the far field. Thus, this technique is an OAM based in situ HHG interferometric spectroscopic method. With this tool, we measure the phase and amplitude of the angle dependent multiorbital HHG emission in molecular nitrogen.
Flecainide Toxicity Resulting in Pacemaker Latency and Intermittent Failure to Capture

BACKGROUND Flecainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent used in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. It is associated with a potent adverse effect profile; however, the effects of flecainide toxicity in the setting of a pacemaker have not been well described. We describe a unique case of flecainide toxicity secondary to acute kidney injury in the setting of a dual-chamber pacemaker, resulting in ventricular capture latency and intermittent failure to capture. CASE REPORT The patient was a 91-year-old female with a history of atrial fibrillation maintained in sinus rhythm on flecainide, who presented complaining of purple visual disturbances and syncope. She was found to be hypotensive and bradycardic, with a heart rate between 30 to 40 beats per minute. Lab work was notable for creatinine at 2.12 mg/dL. A 12-lead ECG demonstrated atrial and ventricular pacing with severely widened QRS complex and a significant latency between the pacemaker ventricular spike and the ventricular capture. The pacemaker was interrogated, revealing a significant increase in ventricular threshold from 0.75 V at 0.5 ms at baseline to 5.0 V at 1 ms to obtain consistent capture. After multiple boluses of IV sodium bicarbonate, the QRS acutely narrowed, latency interval improved, and consistent pacing capture was achieved. The flecainide level drawn on arrival was 3.09 mcg/mL. CONCLUSIONS Flecainide increases the ventricular capture threshold for pacemakers. Toxicity in these patients may present with pacemaker ventricular capture latency or failure to capture.
REDUCE INAPPROPRIATE TELEMETRY RENEWAL: IMPROVING PHYSICIAN UNDERSTANDING

Overuse of telemetry monitoring is a widely recognized which can lead to increased cost and unnecessary use of resources. The purpose of this study is to reduce inappropriate telemetry renewal, with a focus on residents’ understanding of telemetry use. Telemetry renewal orders placed for patients
Multi-parametric MRI of kidney disease progression for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: mouse model and initial patient results

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a rare but potentially lethal genetic disorder typically characterized by diffuse renal microcysts. Clinical trials for patients with ARPKD are not currently possible due to the absence of sensitive measures of ARPKD kidney disease progression and/or therapeutic efficacy. In this study, animal and human magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners were used to obtain quantitative kidney T1 and T2 relaxation time maps for both excised kidneys from bpk and wild-type (WT) mice as well as for a pediatric patient with ARPKD and a healthy adult volunteer. Mean kidney T1 and T2 relaxation times showed significant increases with age (p < 0.05) as well as significant increases in comparison to WT mice (p < 2 × 10−10). Significant or nearly significant linear correlations were observed for mean kidney T1 (p = 0.030) and T2 (p = 0.054) as a function of total kidney volume, respectively. Initial magnetic resonance fingerprinting assessments in a patient with ARPKD showed visible increases in both kidney T1 and T2 in comparison to the healthy volunteer. These preclinical and initial clinical MRI studies suggest that renal T1 and T2 relaxometry may provide an additional outcome measure to assess cystic kidney disease progression in patients with ARPKD.
Evaluation of Embedded Platforms for Lower Limb Prosthesis with Visual Sensing Capabilities

Lower limb prosthesis can benefit from embedded systems capable of applying computer vision techniques to enhance autonomous control and context awareness for intelligent decision making. In order to fill in the gap of current literature of autonomous systems for prosthetic legs employing computer vision methods, we evaluate the performance capabilities of two off-the-shelf platforms, the Jetson TX2 and Raspberry Pi 3, by assessing their CPU load, memory usage, run time and classification accuracy for different image sizes and widespread computer vision algorithms. We make use of a dataset that we collected for terrain recognition using images from a camera mounted on a leg, which would enable context-awareness for lower limb prosthesis. We show that, given reasonably large images and an appropriate frame selection method, it is possible to identify the terrain that a subject is going to step on, with the possibility of reconstructing the surface and obtaining its inclination. This is part of a proposed system equipped with an embedded camera and inertial measurement unit to recognize different types of terrain and estimate the slope of the surface in front of the subject.
Registry-Based Randomized Controlled Trials: A New Paradigm for Surgical Research.

Abstract Background Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard to establish evidence for surgical practice but can be hindered by high costs, complexity, and time requirements. Recently, observational registries have been leveraged as platforms for clinical trials to address these limitations, though few registry-based surgical RCTs have been conducted. Here, we present our group's approach to surgical registry-based RCTs and early results. Materials and methods To facilitate these trials, we focused on registry integration into surgeons' workflows, routine collection of patient-reported outcomes at clinic visits, and pragmatic trial design featuring broad inclusion criteria and standard of care follow-up. These features maximize generalizability and facilitate follow-up by minimizing visits and tests outside of normal practice. Results Since 2017, our group has completed enrollment in 4 registry-based RCTs with another 5 trials ongoing. Of these, 4 trials have been multicenter. Over 1000 patients have been enrolled in these studies, with follow-up rates of 90% or greater. Most of these trials are on track to complete enrollment in approximately 2 y from their start date. Beyond salary support, resource utilization is low. None of our trials has been terminated due to lack of resources or futility. Conclusions Registry-based RCTs allow for efficient conduct of pragmatic surgical trials. Thoughtful study design, registry integration into surgeons' routines, and a team culture embracing research are paramount. We believe registry-based trials are the future of affordable, high-level, prospective surgical research.
Role of nitric oxide synthase in human sweat gland output.

The contribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to the process of cholinergic-mediated human eccrine sweat production is unclear. Using a novel model for cholinergic-mediated sweating in humans, I ...
The untimeliness of trans youth: The temporal construction of a gender ‘disorder’:

This article explores a quasi-diagnosis, “rapid-onset gender dysphoria”, which constructs the pathologized untimeliness of trans youth. I argue that rapid-onset is a concept with multiple, shifting...
Effectiveness of a Family-Centered Pediatric Weight Management Program Integrated in Primary Care.

INTRODUCTION The evidence supporting the effectiveness of weight loss interventions with low to medium intensity is limited. OBJECTIVE To measure the effectiveness of a family-based weight management intervention in pediatric primary care to reduce body weight in children. METHODS Electronic medical record data of pediatric patients in Kaiser Permanente Orange County, California, who were enrolled in weight management between April 2014 and December 2018 (family-based behavior-changing weight management [FB-WMG], n = 162) and compared with a control group (CG) of patients who were referred but did not enroll (Ref-CG, n = 203) and an area-matched CG also matched by sex, age, zip code, and body mass index (BMI) (Area-CG, n = 287). BMI was measured at the first visit (or index date) and after 6 months. RESULTS Children enrolled in the FB-WMG had 5 (interquartile range = 3-6) sessions over the first 6 months of the program. Most FB-WMG patients (69.1%) reduced or maintained BMI over 6 months, compared with 45.8% of Ref-CG (p < 0.001) and 57.8% of Area-CG (p = 0.02). In girls 3 to 12 years of age, 75% of participants reduced or maintained BMI, compared with 42% of Ref-CG (p < 0.001) and 59.8% of Area-CG (p = 0.07). On average, the difference in BMI change over the 6-month follow-up period was -0.85 kg/m² (95% confidence interval = -1.25 to -0.46 kg/m²) compared with Ref-CG and -0.28 kg/m² (95% confidence interval = -0.63 to 0.08 kg/m²) and Area-CG. CONCLUSION Low- to moderate-intensity family-based weight management intervention in primary care can be successful after only 6 months compared with a referred control group.
The Future of Globalization

Since 2016 populism at the polls has begun to threaten the longstanding western commitment to globalization, i.e., free markets and open societies as the best model for promoting world peace and prosperity. Nationalist now challenges this model in the US, the UK, and several other European countries. The challenges reflect discontent with the last years of economic underachievement, fears of immigration and terrorism in Europe and on the Mexican border, and a wide spread fear of the "hollowing out" of the middle and working classes due to unfair Chinese exports. But the concerns are greater than they need to be. Things are turning around, and recovery has set in. Globalization is thought to be the most effect way, over time, to generate global peace and prosperity, and to generate economy opportunity through competition. It is well supported by a deep infrastructure of supporting institutions in the governmental, commercial and financial sectors. But populism has set in and has attracted a lot of voter interest in shaking things up. Itr is essentially a challenge to the "elites" and therefore we will have tp wait for the political process to to return to the center, but globalization will survive in the end.
A lexicographic optimization approach to the deviation-flow refueling station location problem on a general network

The problem of setting up an Alternative Fuel (AF) refueling infrastructure along traffic networks is gaining more interest as AF powered vehicles are becoming more popular due to environmental and economic reasons. This study addresses the refueling station location problem with allowed deviations on a general network. The primary objective is to maximize the amount of flow covered by a given number of stations. Unlike the common practice of having a predetermined set of candidate station locations that may not necessarily hold an optimal solution, this study considers the characteristics of the traffic network and vehicle driving range to discretize the continuous version of the problem and select a finite set of candidate locations that guarantees optimality. This is done by finding the greatest common divisor, g, of the lengths of all edges in the network and half of the vehicle driving range. We prove that there is always an optimal solution where all refueling stations are located at distances that are integer multiples of g from network vertices. This result is used to define refueling sets along the network. The endpoints of these sets are then considered as candidate locations. A secondary objective is introduced to minimize the total travel distance of covered flows. This bi-objective approach does not only optimize the utility of available resources by maximizing covered flows, but also improves convenience, lowers travel cost, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions by minimizing the total travel distance. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the proposed methods.
Bivalirudin for the prevention of hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation

Background Early hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) after liver transplantation is a serious complication that frequently results in graft loss and the need for retransplantation. Although studies have reported on various operative and endovascular treatment approaches, pharmacologic strategies for the prevention or management of HAT are not well defined. Patients with blood clotting disorders, those with a contraindication to heparin, and those who have previously developed HAT represent unique challenges in management. Methods We present the case of a 9-month-old male with a hypercoagulable state who developed early HAT after two liver transplants, despite the use of postoperative therapeutic heparin infusion. Results and conclusion The patient successfully underwent a third liver transplant using intraoperative and postoperative bivalirudin infusion, a direct thrombin inhibitor. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) was used to guide anticoagulation and blood product administration in the perioperative period. At 1.5 years post-transplant, the patient has good graft function with patent hepatic vasculature. This case demonstrates the innovative use of bivalirudin anticoagulant therapy and viscoelastic methodologies to improve outcomes in hypercoagulable liver transplant recipients.
Validation of a New Metric for Assessing the Integration of Health Protection and Health Promotion in a Sample of Small- and Medium-Sized Employer Groups

Objective To conduct validation analyses for a new measure of the integration of worksite health protection and health promotion approaches developed in earlier research. Methods A survey of small- to medium-sized employers located in the United States was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 (n = 111). Cronbach α coefficient was used to assess reliability, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess convergent validity. Results The integration score was positively associated with the measures of occupational safety and health and health promotion activities/policies-supporting its convergent validity (Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.32 to 0.47). Cronbach α coefficient was 0.94, indicating excellent reliability. Conclusions The integration score seems to be a promising tool for assessing integration of health promotion and health protection. Further work is needed to test its dimensionality and validate its use in other samples.
Ignorance Isn't Bliss: Complaint Experience and Organizational Learning in the California Nursing Home Industry, 1997–2004

Organizational learning theory suggests that complaints about products and services can promote organizational learning and change. However, evidence suggests that potentially valuable forms of experience may be ignored or discounted in organizations, and additional research is needed to determine why this happens. This study contributes to those efforts by examining how multiple forms of complaint experience interactively influence organizational outcomes. An empirical test on a longitudinal panel of Californian nursing homes finds that complaints about other issues may distract attention away from complaints about a focal issue, but only when complaints are provided anonymously. These findings forward organizational learning theories by suggesting that multiple types of experience may detract from rather than supplement each other in some cases. Additional implications and opportunities for further research are also discussed.
Flexibility and Persistence of Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Foraging Behavior in a Captive Environmentxht

As a result of environmental variability, animals may be confronted with uncertainty surrounding the presence of, or accessibility to, food resources at a given location or time. While individuals can rely on personal experience to manage this variability, the behavior of members of an individual's social group can also provide information regarding the availability or location of a food resource. The purpose of the present study was to measure how captive chimpanzees individually and collectively adjust their foraging strategies at an artificial termite mound, as the availability of resources provided by the mound varied over a number of weeks. As predicted, fishing activity at the mound was related to resource availability. However, chimpanzees continued to fish at unbaited locations on the days and weeks after a location had last contained food. Consistent with previous studies, our findings show that chimpanzees do not completely abandon previously learned habits despite learning individually and/or socially that the habit is no longer effective. Am. J. Primatol. 74:661–668, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of maximum optical enhancement in single gold nanowires and triple nanowire arrays

This work thoroughly investigates gold nanowires with various cross-sectional geometries and patterns. The study has determined the effect of the cross section aspect ratio on its maximum optical enhancement. The plasmonic optical enhancement properties of single gold nanowires and an array of three nanowires were investigated using finite element method simulations. The results indicate a significant dependence of the optical enhancement on both the thickness and width of the nanowires. From the simulation data, an equation for each geometry (single and triple array) was found that relates the dimensions and incident wavelength to the optical enhancement. These relationships can be a valuable resource while designing nanowires to optimize the dimensions and provide the maximum possible optical enhancement.
Inferring fault rheology from low‐frequency earthquakes on the San Andreas

Families of recurring low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) within nonvolcanic tremor (NVT) on the San Andreas fault in central California show strong sensitivity to shear stress induced by the daily tidal cycle. LFEs occur at all levels of the tidal shear stress and are in phase with the very small, ~400 Pa, stress amplitude. To quantitatively explain the correlation, we use a model from the existing literature that assumes the LFE sources are small, persistent regions that repeatedly fail during shear of a much larger scale, otherwise aseismically creeping fault zone. The LFE source patches see tectonic loading, creep of the surrounding fault which may be modulated by the tidal stress, and direct tidal loading. If the patches are small relative to the surrounding creeping fault then the stressing is dominated by fault creep, and if patch failure occurs at a threshold stress, then the resulting seismicity rate is proportional to the fault creep rate or fault zone strain rate. Using the seismicity rate as a proxy for strain rate and the tidal shear stress, we fit the data with possible fault rheologies that produce creep in laboratory experiments at temperatures of 400 to 600°C appropriate for the LFE source depth. The rheological properties of rock-forming minerals for dislocation creep and dislocation glide are not consistent with the observed fault creep because strong correlation between small stress perturbations and strain rate requires perturbation on the order of the ambient stress. The observed tidal modulation restricts ambient stress to be at most a few kilopascal, much lower than rock strength. A purely rate dependent friction is consistent with the observations only if the product of the friction rate dependence and effective normal stress is ~ 0.5 kPa. Extrapolating the friction rate strengthening dependence of phyllosilicates (talc) to depth would require the effective normal stress to be ~50 kPa, implying pore pressure is lithostatic. If the LFE source is on the order of tens of meters, as required by the model, rate-weakening friction rate dependence (e.g., olivine) at 400 to 600°C requires that the minimum effective pressure at the LFE source is ~ 2.5 MPa.
TRIAL COURTS‘ RESPONSES TO SUPREME COURT POLICY CHANGES

This is an exploratory study focusing on the response of federal district courts to Supreme Court changes in three policy areas: economic regulation, civil liberties, and criminal justice. An analysis of federal district court opinions published in the Federal Supplement before and after the Supreme Court decisions announcing the policy changes indicated that opinion-writing patterns of federal district judges changed in a manner consistent with the Supreme Court's new direction. Further study of the federal district courts' role in the policy process is recommended and suggestions for such research are made.
Effect of denervation or unweighting on GLUT-4 protein in rat soleus muscle.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the decreased capacity for glucose transport in the denervated rat soleus and the increased capacity for glucose transport in the unweighte...
Culture's Consequences for Leadership: The Role of Context in Affecting Leadership Perceptions and Performance

As acknowledged by Lord and Dinh (2014) in their focal article, across a plethora of organizational literatures and topics of interest, there often seems to be a common theme: context matters. Although this is not a very surprising statement and may seem obvious, the surprising reality is that within a number of topics in our field, context is either superficially taken into consideration or not examined at all. This oversight has the potential to skew our understanding of important concepts. Indeed, Joshi and Roh (2009) revealed in their meta-analysis exploring team diversity that context served as a significant moderator of performance, illustrating the criticality of understanding how contextual factors may predict outcomes above and beyond individual inputs.
Harmonic Analysis on the Space-Time Gauge Continuum

The classical Kaluza-Klein unified field theory has previously been extended to unify and geometrize gravitational and gauge fields, through a study of the geometry of a bundle spaceP over space-time. Here, we examine the physical relevance of the Laplace operator on the complex-valued functions onP. The spectrum and eigenspaces are shown (via the Peter-Weyl theorem) to determine the possible masses of any type of particle field. In the Euclidean case, we prove that zero-mass particles necessarily come in infinite families. Also, lower bounds on masses of particles of a given type are obtained in terms of the curvature ofP.
The human temporalis muscle: superficial, deep, and zygomatic parts comprise one structural unit.

The structure of the temporalis muscle was examined in detail from cadaveric specimens (32 specimens from 16 subjects: 5 males, average age 80.6 years; 11 females, average age 88.6 years) and Computerized Tomography (CT) and T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) images from normal clinical patients (10 females: average age 45.0 years). Three parts of the muscle were clearly delineated in all cadaveric specimens: (1) the classically recognized superficial part, (2) a zygomatic part, and (3) a complex deep part. In one female specimen, the superficial temporalis demonstrated extensive insertions into the zygomatic process and temporomandibular joint. The zygomatic temporalis originates from the zygomatic arch to insert into the superficial part of the temporalis as it inserts into the lateral surface of the coronoid process. In all specimens, the deep temporalis contained muscle bundles that originated from various crests along the anterior surface of the temporal fossa and inserted into the internal aspect of the coronoid process and retromolar triangle, interdigitating with the buccinator, mylohyoid, and superior constrictor muscles. The confluence of muscle fibers into the buccinator muscle was confirmed in all CT/MRI images. The deep and zygomatic parts described were regarded as accessory muscle bellies previously, but are demonstrably part of the temporalis muscle as a whole. Clin. Anat. 22:655‐664, 2009. V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Atomatic target recognition (ATR) evaluation theory: a survey

Proper evaluation of a pattern recognition system in the lab is paramount to its success in the field. In most commercial pattern recognition applications, such as breast cancer detection, optical character recognition, and industrial quality assurance, the boundaries and expectation of the system are well defined. This is due, at least in part, to an excellent understanding of the problem and data space for these applications. For these functions, a method for rigorous evaluation is well understood. However, the size and complexity of the data and problem spaces for automatic target recognition (ATR) systems is enormous. The consequences are that a complete understanding of how an ATR system will perform in practice is extraordinarily difficult to estimate. Thus the act of evaluating an ATR system becomes as important as its design. This paper compiles and reports the techniques used to evaluate ATR system performance. It surveys the specific difficulties associated with ATR performance estimation as well as approaches used to mitigate these obstacles.
Hydrophobic Inactivation of Influenza Viruses Confers Preservation of Viral Structure with Enhanced Immunogenicity

The use of inactivated influenza virus for the development of vaccines with broad heterosubtypic protection requires selective inactivation techniques that eliminate viral infectivity while preserving structural integrity. Here we tested if a hydrophobic inactivation approach reported for retroviruses could be applied to the influenza virus. By this approach, the transmembrane domains of viral envelope proteins are selectively targeted by the hydrophobic photoactivatable compound 1,5-iodonaphthyl-azide (INA). This probe partitions into the lipid bilayer of the viral envelope and upon far UV irradiation reacts selectively with membrane-embedded domains of proteins and lipids while the protein domains that localize outside the bilayer remain unaffected. INA treatment of influenza virus blocked infection in a dose-dependent manner without disrupting the virion or affecting neuraminidase activity. Moreover, the virus maintained the full activity in inducing pH-dependent lipid mixing, but pH-dependent redistribution of viral envelope proteins into the target cell membrane was completely blocked. These results indicate that INA selectively blocks fusion of the virus with the target cell membrane at the pore formation and expansion step. Using a murine model of influenza virus infection, INA-inactivated influenza virus induced potent anti-influenza virus serum antibody and T-cell responses, similar to live virus immunization, and protected against heterosubtypic challenge. INA treatment of influenza A virus produced a virus that is noninfectious, intact, and fully maintains the functional activity associated with the ectodomains of its two major envelope proteins, neuraminidase and hemagglutinin. When used as a vaccine given intranasally (i.n.), INA-inactivated influenza virus induced immune responses similar to live virus infection.
An experimental reexamination of Faradayan electrogravitational induction

Motivated by a reexamination of Faraday's conjectures and experiments on electrogravitational induction of 130 years ago, a new experimental approach to the exploration of such hypothetical coupling is suggested. It consists of sharply accelerating a metal sample with a mass of the order of 103 g and checking to see if a transient “effective” electric charge is induced in the sample during the acceleration-as is expected on the basis of the Faraday electrogravitational induction hypothesis. Apparatus capable of discriminating electrogravitational induction effects to several orders of magnitude greater accuracy than hitherto achieved is described. The results of such an experiment, in which signals conforming to expectation are obtained, are reported. Tests that appear to rule out conventional charge generation mechanisms as the source of the observed signals are considered. Several other experiments where one might expect electrogravitational induction effects to manifest themselves, especially in the muon magnetic moment, are considered.
Detection of targets varying in fine details, rotation, and translation

Automatic target recognition (ATR) has been a topic of interest for many researchers because of its applications in the fields of defense, manufacturing, health sciences etc. The ability of massive parallelism and high-speed classification of neural network (NN) makes it a good choice for ATR. In this paper, we present a novel ATR approach for targets varying in fine details, rotation and translation using a Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) NN. The algorithm includes two phases such as the feature extraction and the NN discrimination. The feature extraction algorithm obtains the features of the original and distorted targets in the Fourier-log-polar domain and clusters them into a set of centers. These centers are then applied as inputs to an LVQ NN for training. We explore two distinct discrimination algorithms. In the first algorithm, unrotated target features are applied as training vectors and the network is tested with features of rotated targets. In the second algorithm, the LVQ NN is trained using the rotated images and tested for unknown rotated target features. The algorithm is also applied for the cases of targets varying in fine details and translation and a combination of rotation, fine details and translation.
Acid generation in the thermal decomposition of diaryliodonium salts

Diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate have been found to generate up to two equivalents of hydrogen fluoride per equivalent of the iodonium salt by pyrolysis at 239°C in the neat state and at 150°C in the presence of anisole or nitrobenzene. The formation of hydrogen fluoride is presumed to arise by dissociation of hydrogen tetrafluoroborate or hydrogen hexafluorophosphate initially formed, due to the high temperatures, thus giving rise also to the Lewis acids boron trifluoride and phosphorus pentafluoride, respectively. A detailed analysis of the volatile organic products of the decomposition of the diphenyliodonium salts was also carried out. Many products were identified in all of the cases studied. For example, the neat decomposition of diphenyliodonium tetrafluoroborate afforded benzene, fluorobenzene, iodobenzene, the three isomeric iodobiphenyls, biphenyl, three isomeric terphenyls, and one or more of the diiodobiphenyls, iodoterphenyls, and polyaromatics. Among the iodobiphenyls, the ortho and para isomers were found to predominate over the meta isomer. The terphenyl isomers did not exhibit this ortho, para selectivity. It was significant that decomposition of the diaryliodonium salts in anisole suspension did not afford methoxybiphenyls or iodomethoxybiphenyls. An interpretation of these results is presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Success and failure of preventative migraine treatment with botulinum toxin type A: Association with a novel classification of migraine headache

Quite a few migraine patients have noticed a considerable decrease in attack frequency following BTX-A injections. Many migraineurs, however, do not experience such improvement. Is there a marker that would tease out prospective responders from non-responders? Patients experiencing a >75% reduction in attack frequency within 3 months of treatment were selected as responders. Patients who showed no change in attack frequency were selected as non-responders. The interviewer had no knowledge of the patient's response to BTX-A treatment before the interview was completed. Responders experienced significant drops in the number of attacks/month, attack duration, and headache intensity. Non-responders yielded identical values before and after treatment. There was one clear difference between the two groups: 92% of non-responders described their headache as exploding (extreme pressure inside the head), whereas 89% of the responders described their headache as imploding (extreme pressure outside the head) or ocular (extreme pressure behind the eyeball). Migraine with imploding or ocular headache is highly associated with successful prevention of attacks using BTX-A. However, migraine with exploding headache is highly associated with failure to block attacks using BTX-A.
The postpartum experience for southeast Asian women in the United States.

PURPOSE To examine the meaning of postpartum experiences for Southeast Asian women living in the United States. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Phenomenology. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 19 women; audio-taped interviews were transcribed and analyzed for recurrent themes. RESULTS Women identified culturally specific treatments they needed to use following the birth of an infant. These treatments are meant to delay aging and to prevent chronic ailments, and include stringent dietary measures and prolonged rest periods. Because childbirth signifies a paramount event in the life of a woman belonging to the Cambodian, Vietnamese, or Hmong cultures, she is accorded a great deal of assistance from female relatives. Three themes were discovered through this research: Prolonged Rest, Regaining Balance in the Body, and the Affiliation of Women. The themes give meaning to childbirth experiences and future well-being in the community. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The childbirth experience in Southeast Asian cultures is saturated with great status, particularly in the family and community. In addition, postpartum cultural traditions of Southeast Asian women comprise deep meaning for healthy aging. Through this study, nurses can gain a more in-depth appreciation of the underlying meanings of postpartum practices for Southeast Asian women.
Two-dimensional analysis of fluid motion in the cochlea resulting from compressional bone conduction

Abstract Fluid motion resulting from the compressional excitation of the cochlear capsule due to bone conduction is examined in this paper. Vibrations of the skull deform the shape of the cochlear capsule and give rise to motion the fluid. A two-dimensional channel having a height to length ratio equal to e is used to model the cochlea. The cochlear pressure is expressed as an integral equation in the cochlear partition velocity. In the limit as e approaches zero the integral equation is solved and the cochlear pressure is expressed as an asymptotic expansion in e. Rapid spatial variation in the velocity of the cochlear partition requires one to treat high-order fluid modes within the cochlear fluid. Hence, evanescent pressure modes are included in the analysis. Asymmetry in the oval and the round window velocity is shown to give rise to a pressure gradient across the cochlear partition and basilar membrane displacement. The vibration amplitude of the cochlear partition is shown to depend on the value of the ratio of the oval and the round window impedance.
Cardiac Arrhythmias Simulated by Concealed Bundle of His Extrasystoles in the Dog

In 10 open-chest intact dog hearts, multiple close bipolar electrograms were obtained from various regions of both atria and the bundle of His. The bundle of His was also prematurely stimulated at varying coupling intervals following a sinus beat. At short coupling intervals, the bundle of His stimulus failed to propagate antegradely (no ventricular response) but did propagate retrogradely. Coupled bundle of His stimuli retrogradely concealed within the A-V node caused the next sinus impulse to be delayed or blocked. Types I and II second degree A-V block, 2:1 A-V block, and alternation of the P-R interval were simulated. An atrial (nonconducted) bigeminal rhythm was simulated when the bundle of His stimuli completely traversed the A-V node and completely (inverted P waves) or partially (fusion P waves) depolarized the atria.
A note on canine aggression towards veterinarians

Abstract Medical records at a small-animal practice in Vermont were surveyed and animals that displayed unprovoked and consistently aggressive behavior towards veterinarians were grouped by breed and ranked. The 6 dog breeds exhibiting the highest frequency of aggression towards veterinarians and hospital staff members were the Schnauzer, Old English Sheepdog, Beagle, German Shepherd, Doberman Pinscher and English Springer Spaniel. These breeds represented a mixture of traditionally “aggressive” and “non-aggressive” breeds.
Lagrangian multi-particle statistics

Combined measurements of the Lagrangian evolution of particle constellations and the coarse grained velocity derivative tensor \( \partial \tilde u_i /\partial x_j \) are presented. The data is obtained from three dimensional particle tracking measurements in a quasi isotropic turbulent flow at intermediate Reynolds number. Particle constellations are followed for as long as one integral time and for several Batchelor times. We suggest a method to obtain quantitatively accurate \( \partial \tilde u_i /\partial x_j \) from velocity measurements at discrete points. We obtain good scaling with \( t_* = \sqrt {2r^2 /15S_r (r)} \) for filtered strain and vorticity and present filtered R-Q invariant maps with the typical ‘tear drop’ shape that is known from velocity gradients at viscous scales. Lagrangian result are given for the growth of particle pairs, triangles and tetrahedra. We find that their principal axes are preferentially oriented with the eigenframe of coarse grained strain, just like constellations with infinitesimal separations are known to do. The compensated separation rate is found to be close to its viscous counterpart as \( 1/2{\text{ }}(dr^2 /dt)/r^2 \cdot t_* /\sqrt 2 \approx 0.11 - 0.14 \). It appears that the contribution from the coarse grained strain field, \( r_i r_j \tilde s_{ij} \) filtered at scale Δ = r, is responsible only for roughly 50% of the separation rate. The rest stems from contributions with scales Δ < r.