cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competency in Community Pediatrics: Consensus Statement of the Dyson Initiative Curriculum Committee

During the past few years, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education has aimed to change the model of physician residency training to a competency-based system. The adoption of a competency-based training system is now required, and residency programs are expected to define and evaluate the achievement of competency. In an effort to facilitate this endeavor, the Anne E. Dyson Community Pediatrics Training Initiative Curriculum Committee developed competencies for physician training in community pediatrics. These competencies refer to 8 domains thought to be integral to the practice of community-based pediatrics: 1. Delivery of culturally effective care: Pediatricians must demonstrate interpersonal and communication skills that result in effective information exchange with children and families from all cultural backgrounds and diverse communities. 2. Child advocacy: Child advocacy pediatricians should advocate for the well-being of patients, families, and communities; must develop advocacy skills to address relevant individual, community, and population health issues; and understand the legislative process (local, state, and federal) to address community and child health issues. 3. Medical home: Pediatricians must be able to identify and/or provide a medical home for all children and families under their care. As defined by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the medical home is an approach to providing comprehensive primary health care services in partnership with families. Care received in the medical home is accessible, continuous, comprehensive, family centered, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally effective. … Address correspondence to Beth Rezet, MD, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Primary Care Center, 3819 Chestnut St, Suite 120, Philadelphia, PA 19104. E-mail: rezet{at}email.chop.edu
Extending Pedigree Analysis for Uncertain Parentage and Diverse Breeding Systems

Breeding programs aimed at conserving genetic diversity in populations of wildlife or rare domestic breeds rely on detailed pedigree analysis for selection of breeders that will minimize the loss of alleles, reduce the accumulation of inbreeding, and maintain gene diversity. Commonly, techniques use a matrix of kinship coefficients to derive measures of genetic variation, inbreeding, and the value of individuals as breeders. Although these techniques were first developed for use on known pedigrees of diploid individuals, the concepts and methods can be extended to apply to any entity that contains genes derived from definable sources (e.g., individual parents, social groups, colonies, gene banks) via a definable mechanism of heredity (e.g., sexual reproduction between separate sexes, hermaphroditic selfing, autozygous production of homozygous or haploid offspring, cloning). Individuals with partly unknown ancestry or multiple possible parents can also be incorporated into kinship calculations, based on probabilistic assignment of parental contributions. This paper presents the algorithms used in new PMx software to extend traditional pedigree analysis techniques used for complete pedigrees of sexually reproducing, diploid species to deal with missing information due to unknown or uncertain parentage, and other breeding systems such as clones, selfing hermaphrodites, and haploid offspring or autogamy.
Cells in tight spaces: the role of cell shape in cell function

In this issue, Pitaval et al. (2010. J. Cell Biol. doi:10.1083/jcb.201004003) demonstrate that cell geometry can regulate the elaboration of a primary cilium. Their findings and approaches are part of a historical line of inquiry investigating the role of cell shape in intracellular organization and cellular function.
Genetics of the FANCA gene in familial pancreatic cancer

Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that is characterised by bone marrow failure, pancytopenia, and an increased susceptibility to cancers. Recently, D’Andrea and coworkers identified biallelic BRCA2 gene mutations as a cause of FA.1 Because of the role of BRCA2 gene mutations in pancreatic cancer development, their findings suggested other members of the FA pathway may be targeted for genetic inactivation in pancreatic cancer. Indeed, somatic and inherited mutations of FANCC and somatic mutations in FANCG were subsequently identified in patients with apparently sporadic pancreatic cancer.2 These data led to analysis of the FANCC and FANCG genes in the germline of families with multiple pancreatic cancers, but no mutations were identified.3 In most populations, FANCA is the most commonly mutated gene in patients with FA.4–14 In this study we determined if FANCA gene mutations predispose to the development of familial pancreatic cancer. ### Subjects Lymphocyte DNA was analysed from patients with familial pancreatic cancer enrolled in the National Familial Pancreatic Tumor Registry.15 Patients with pancreatic cancer were selected if they had at least two or more first degree relatives with pancreatic cancer (mean (SD) age of 66.7 (12.3) years, males 50.3%). Variants were analysed in 110 additional patients with familial pancreatic cancer. To determine the carrier frequency of c.2574C>G (p.Ser868Arg), we analysed three control populations: healthy spouses of patients with familial pancreatic cancer (115 samples from spouses with a mean (SD) age of 66.9 (11.3) years, males 43.1%), patients who had undergone cholecystectomy (65 samples matched in age with sporadic cases) for non-malignant disease at Johns Hopkins Hospital, and individuals undergoing routine screening colonoscopy (668 samples) at the Mayo Clinic. The mean age of the colonoscopy controls was similar to our pancreatic cancer population (mean (SD) age of 59.3 (12.3) years, males 52.9%). …
Electronic Grassroots: Does Online Campaigning Work?

This research explores the implications of the growing use of the Internet to campaign and win elections in the United States. After exploring the historic assumptions and motivations behind the use of the Internet to campaign, the authors use election data from the 2006 midterm congressional elections and webpage ranking data from the leading web-based ranking service to assess the impact of Internet campaigning. The findings indicate that web presence is a significant predictor of the total votes candidates garnered in the 2006 congressional elections, even when controlling for variables such as funding, incumbency and experience. Further, the findings also suggest that, generally, Democrats had a stronger web presence than Republicans and this increased presence contributed to their success in the election. This research suggests that potential candidates need to be particularly concerned about the success of their websites and their popularity within the Internet community when running for office.
E + E - factories

The achievements of the three main e+e- Factories have been impressive. The KEK B-Factory has achieved a peak luminosity of 1.7x1034 cm-2 sec-1 and the PEP-II B- Factory has reached 1.2x1034 cm-2 sec-1 while the DAFNE Phi-Factory has obtained 1.5x1032 cm-2 sec-1. Early in the B-Factory running, CP violation in the B meson system was found to be consistent with the prediction of the Standard Model. Now all three factories are integrating as much luminosity as they can in order to look for rare decay channels that may have a rate that differs from the value predicted by the Standard Model and therefore hint at New Physics. There are two newer factories that have started or are about to start. The Tau-charm factory at CESR has been delivering luminosity to the CLEO detector and BEPCII, the newest Tau-charm e+e- factory located at IHEP in Beijing, has just started commissioning. I will give a status report on the recent accomplishments of all five factories and will show what these facilities have for plans to further improve performance.
What can physicians learn from the neurodiversity movement

A physician offers insights about autism from inside and outside the autism self-advocacy movement in the hopes that her ideas help her colleagues treat each autistic person as an individual.
A role for UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase in expression and quality control of MHC class I molecules

UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) serves as a folding sensor in the calnexin/calreticulin glycoprotein quality control cycle. UGT1 recognizes disordered or hydrophobic patches near asparagine-linked nonglucosylated glycans in partially misfolded glycoproteins and reglucosylates them, returning folding intermediates to the cycle. In this study, we examine the contribution of the UGT1-regulated quality control mechanism to MHC I antigen presentation. Using UGT1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts reconstituted or not with UGT1, we show that, although formation of the peptide loading complex is unaffected by the absence of UGT1, the surface level of MHC class I molecules is reduced, MHC class I maturation and assembly are delayed, and peptide selection is impaired. Most strikingly, we show using purified soluble components that UGT1 preferentially recognizes and reglucosylates MHC class I molecules associated with a suboptimal peptide. Our data suggest that, in addition to the extensively studied tapasin-mediated quality control mechanism, UGT1 adds a new level of control in the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway.
A New Technique for the Assessment and Modification of Feigned Memory Deficit

Summary.-The two-alternative forced-choice technique has been successful in the assessment of functional sensory deficits because it has the power to assess deception or exaggeration. This report describes how the procedure can be used for the assessment and modification of a memory complaint. Three case studies are presented. In two cases the supposed deficit was judged to be funaionsl. In a third case a brain-injured patient "cheated" to obtain correct answers, suggesting that he was trying to hide a deficit and not attempting to obtain compensation. Many patients complain that their memory is not as good as it once was. Depressed patients, for example, frequently describe problems with their memory, but when tested, it appears they have underestimated their ability cornpared to their actual performance (Kahn, Zarit, & Hilbert, 1975). Formal assessment is frequently helpful in sorting psychological and neurological disturbances. Nevertheless, the complaint of memory loss is a report of a subjective phenomenon; a patient may perform worse than his actual ability on memory tests if he wants to impress the clinician with his deficit. (Similarly, a patient may distort a pain signal and complain more than the clinician believes he should.) Generally these distortions can be identified in neuropsychological assessment through lack of internal consistency of deficit patterns. However, one test protocol alone may not always provide sufficient evidence of malingering (Heaton, Smith, Lehman, & Vogt, 1978). Only a few tests for recent memory have been specifically designed to detect poor motivation, and considerable clinical judgment is still required for interpretation (Lezak, 1983). Sometimes a clinician may believe a patient is not truthful but nevertheless feels obligated to order expensive diagnostic tests to rule out certain medical explanations. This paper describes an assessment strategy that may provide information about whether or not the patient is exaggerating the complaint about memory. Further, this assessment paradigm may be modified by the clinician to help guide the patient out of his complaint. To construct a basic assessment program the clinician selects some signal that the patient denies being able to perceive or, in this case, remember. The signal is then presented, and the patient is given two alternatives for identifying the correct response, similar to guessing the flip of a coin. This two-al
Chemical and nutritional evaluation of soya protein preparations as primary nitrogen sources for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract Five soya-bean preparations that had been subjected to various physicochemical processing procedures were chemically defined in respect to proximate analysis, amino acid analyses, protease inhibitor activity, soluble oligosaccharides and antigenicity. These soya preparations were then formulated, along with a low-temperature fish meal control, into six isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets. The diets were fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in feeding trials as well as in tests using specially constructed metabolic chambers. Based on the chemical and biological results, we concluded that soya-bean oligosaccharides do not have to be removed or modified for maximum growth or nitrogen utilization by rainbow trout. Likewise, the protease or trypsin inhibitor activity, which was low for all experimental treatments, did not appear to be a major factor in determining fish performance. Although the results regarding naturally occurring soya antigens only suggested allergenicity, it is concluded that more attention should be focused on these heat-stable proteins with antigenic or allergenic potential in fish diets.
On the Expressiveness and Complexity of Randomization in Finite State Monitors

The continuous run-time monitoring of the behavior of a system is a technique that is used both as a complementary approach to formal verification and testing to ensure reliability, as well as a means to discover emergent properties in a distributed system, like intrusion and event correlation. The monitors in all these scenarios can be abstractly viewed as automata that process a (unbounded) stream of events to and from the component being observed, and raise an ``alarm'' when an error or intrusion is discovered. These monitors indicate the absence of error or intrusion in a behavior implicitly by the absence of an alarm.In this paper we study the power of randomization in run-time monitoring. Specifically, we examine finite memory monitoring algorithms that toss coins to make decisions on the behavior they are observing. We give a number of results that characterize, topologically as well as with respect to their computational power, the sets of sequences the monitors permit. We also present results on the complexity of deciding non-emptiness of the set of sequences permitted by a monitor.
An Orchestration for Distributed Web Service Handlers

Web service is a standardization effort to interoperate loosely-coupled applications. A Web service interaction benefits and sometimes requires additive functionalities, called as handlers. They contribute to build rich, modular and efficient Web services. However, the way of utilizing them is very crucial for the Web service architecture and its overall performance. Using distributed approach for the handler execution facilitates significantly to obtain full benefit from them. In this paper we describe an orchestration structure for the handlers to attain richer, more modular and efficient Web services.
Two-dimensional imaging detectors for structural biology with X-ray lasers.

Our ability to harness the advances in microelectronics over the past decade(s) for X-ray detection has resulted in significant improvements in the state of the art. Biology with X-ray free-electron lasers present daunting detector challenges: all of the photons arrive at the same time, and individual high peak power pulses must be read out shot-by-shot. Direct X-ray detection in silicon pixel detectors—monolithic or hybrid—are the standard for XFELs today. For structural biology, improvements are needed for today's 10–100 Hz XFELs, and further improvements are required for tomorrow's 10+ kHz XFELs. This article will discuss detector challenges, why they arise and ways to overcome them, along with the current state of the art.
Inequality in the Legal Order: Some Further Analysis and Commentary

I challenge David Jacobs' support for the conflict model of the legal order, finding serious limitations in his cross-sectional test of the model. To avoid these limitations and to extend the scope of Jacobs' study, I (1) apply his model to four additional crimes against persons and property; (2) examine race as an additional dimension of social inequality; and (3) consider how levels of crime might influence imprisonment ratios, a factor Jacobs ignored. I find no support for the hypothesis that race is a significant determinant of state imprisonment practices. Nor do I find income inequality a significant factor in imprisonment for crimes against persons and property, except in the case of larceny. In "Inequality and the legal order: An ecological test of the conflict model," David Jacobs (1978) hypothesizes that "the more there are differences in economic resources and economic power, the more one can expect that the criminal codes will be administered in a way that pleases monied elites." Specifically, violators of property crimes are more likely to be punished where economic power and resources are distributed unequally. Jacobs emphasizes the importance of economic inequality because "as long as money almost automatically confers power in western society . . its unequal distribution ought to lead to outcomes preferred by the rich." He also emphasizes the punishment of property crimes because "one major guarantee of the supremacy of an economic elite is property," and it stands to reason that the authorities will "make greater efforts to insure that violators of the property codes are sanctioned" (1978:516). Jacobs examined the relationship between income inequality and state imprisonment ratios for burglary and larceny using cross-sectional data for 1960. He introduced four other variables into the analysis to control for spuriousness of the relationship between income inequality and certainty of imprisonment: (1) the percentage of residents living in large cities; (2) percent change in the population from 1950 to 1960; (3) police per capita; and (4) resource level-mean income. His analysis of 47 states revealed a significant positive relationship between income inequality and imprisonment ratios for both burglary and larceny, with income inequality being the best predictor of imprisonment. When only non-southern states were considered (n = 35), however, this pattern was altered somewhat for burglary. Jacobs argues that the non-significant findings for burglary for these states are not inconsistent with the conflict hypothesis, since "victimization data indicate that groups with less money are the most frequent victims of this crime in nonsouthern areas" (1978:521, author's emphasis). That is, "differences in economic advantage and power only predict imprisonment ratios for a crime of which a disproportionate number of victims are affluent" (1978:522).
ISI channel estimation using complementary sequences

Pairs of binary pilot symbol sequences are jointly designed to minimize an introduced merit factor whose minimization leads to the reduction in Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for the "two-sided" intersymbol interference channel estimation.
Topical Aspirin Plus HCl Gastric Lesions in the Rat: Cytoprotective Effect of Prostaglandin, Cimetidine, and Probanthine

The effect of representative agents of three classes of antisecretory compounds; prostaglandins, histamine H2-receptor antagonist, and anticholinergic agents, on acute gastric mucosal lesions produced by topical aspirin (200 mg/hg) plus HCl (150 mM) in the pylorus-ligated rat was studied. Acid was given exogenously so as to negate any antisecretory effect of the drugs studied. Both nonantisecretory and antisecretory doses of each agent as determined by preliminary secretory studies were employed. The prostaglandin analogue 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine, and the anticholinergic agent probanthine, in both doses studied, all significantly reduced lesion formation. The H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine neither protected by itself nor enhanced the protective effect of cimetidine. Pepsin release into the gastric content increased with increasing mucosal damage. However, addition of pepsin to the gastric instillate had no effect on severity of lesions in any group, which indicates that the increased pepsin was the result of, and not the cause of, the mucosal damage. The findings indicate that all three classes of antisecretory agents studied are also cytoprotective, i.e., they can protect against gastric mucosal injury by topical aspirin plus HCl by some mechanism other than inhibition of acid and pepsin secretion.
Precipitation and Kinematic Structure of an Oceanic Mesoscale Convective System. Part I: Momentum Transport and Generation

Abstract This is the second paper of a two-part series documenting the structure of and momentum transport by a subtropical mesoscale convective system near Taiwan, using Doppler radar data and in situ data from the NOAA P-3. Part I defines the basic system structure and evolution. In Part II, the momentum transport by the system is estimated and related to system structure, and the momentum budget for a portion of the embedded convective band is evaluated. Profiles of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum are constructed from in situ data, Doppler radar data, and both combined, in a coordinate system with u normal to the line and positive eastward, since the low-level air is feeding the line from the east. Differences in the fluxes from the two sources appear to be mainly due to an underestimation of the mean vertical velocity from the Doppler radar data. The discrepancy results partially from the concentration of convergence in the boundary layer—precisely where the Doppler cannot adequately sample t...
Policing and the logics of violence: a comparative analysis of public security reform in Brazil

ABSTRACTTwo recent and highly ambitious public security initiatives in Brazil have claimed responsibility for dramatic reductions in homicides, while much of the rest of Latin America continues to suffer increasing violence. Boasting such unparalleled successes, the pacifying police units (UPPs) in Rio de Janeiro and the Pacto pela Vida (Pact for Life) in Pernambuco have been lauded as promising exportable models of public security for other violence-ridden cities across the continent. The two initiatives represent very different approaches to policing, however, which compels us to ask why they seem to be similarly successful, and if they would be effective if implemented elsewhere. Part of the reason for their success, I argue, is that unlike previous initiatives, the UPPs and the Pacto pela Vida appropriately identify and respond to very different logics of criminal violence. Criminal violence in Rio de Janeiro is driven by imperatives of territorial control, much like in civil war. In response, the UPP...
Nitrogen form and the seasonal root and shoot response of creeping bentgrass

The form of nitrogen can affect root and shoot growth of plants. This study was conducted to determine the effects of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen on root length and number and shoot color and quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. 'Penncross'). The study was conducted in the University of Georgia rhizotron facility. Turf was grown in an 80/20 sand/peat rooting medium and maintained under putting green conditions for 12 months. Two forms of nitrogen, ammonium and nitrate, utilizing the nitrogen sources of urea and calcium nitrate, respectively, were applied in the following ammonium:nitrate ratios: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. A modified Hoagland's solution provided all other macronutrients and micronutrients. Root length, root number, shoot color, and shoot quality data were collected weekly for 12 months. The 100% nitrate treatment resulted in 30% more roots during the fall compared to the 100% ammonium treatment The 100% ammonium treatment had 26% greater root length in the spring compared to the two highest nitrate treatments. The 50:50 treatment produced greater root length during the spring and summer compared to the high nitrate treatments (0:100 and 25:75) and at least
A low-power switched-capacitor passive sigma-delta modulator

A passive 2nd-order sigma-delta modulator using switched-capacitor based filters was designed, fabricated, and tested. A novel 2nd-order single feedback path topology is used. All circuitry is optimized for low power operation through the use of minimum size MOSFETs, component reduction and topology choice. The modulator was fabricated in On Semiconductor's C5 500-nm process. The implementation achieves a typical SNDR of above 50 dB for tested frequencies of 10 Hz to 3 kHz and has a peak SNDR of 57.8 dB, which corresponds to an ENOB of 9.3 bits. With a 2.5 V supply, the power consumption of the sigma-delta modulator is 6.75 μW. The modulator achieves a FOM of 1.78 pJ/step.
Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration cytology mutation profiling using targeted next-generation sequencing: personalized care for rectal cancer.

Objectives: In an era of precision medicine, our aim was to determine the frequency and theranostic potential of mutations identified in malignant lymph nodes (LNs) sampled by endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS FNA) of patients with rectal cancer by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: The NGS Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA) sequencers were used to sequence and assess for 2,800 or more possible mutations in 50 established cancer-associated genes. Results: Among 102 patients, 89% had 194 pathogenic alterations identified in 19 genes. The identification of KRAS, NRAS , or BRAF mutations suggests that 42% are likely nonresponders to anti–epidermal growth factor receptor therapy. Among KRAS, NRAS , or BRAF wild-type patients, alterations in eight genes linked to alternative therapies were identified in 44%. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the successful ability to apply a single multiplex test to allow multigene mutation detection from malignant LN cytology specimen DNA collected by EUS FNA.
Ellipses and compositions of finite Blaschke products

Abstract We provide a new proof of a theorem of Fujimura characterizing Blaschke products of degree-4 that are compositions of two degree-2 Blaschke products, connect this result to the numerical ranges of certain operators, and characterize Poncelet ellipses that are inscribed in quadrilaterals geometrically and algebraically.
Ethical frameworks for surrogates’ end-of-life planning experiences

Background:Despite the growing body of knowledge about surrogate decision making, we know very little about the use of ethical frameworks (including ethical theories, principles, and concepts) to understand surrogates’ day-to-day experiences in end-of-life care planning for incapacitated adults.Objectives and Methods:This qualitative systematic review was conducted to identify the types of ethical frameworks used to address surrogates’ experiences in end-of-life care planning for incapacitated adults as well as the most common themes or patterns found in surrogate decision-making research.Findings:Seven research papers explicitly identified ethical theories, principles, or concepts, such as autonomy, substituted judgment, and best interest standards as guidelines for the research. Surrogate decision making themes included the responsibilities and goals of being a surrogate, factors influencing surrogates’ decision making, outcomes for surrogates, and an overarching theme of “wanting to do the right thing”...
TERT PROMOTER MUTATIONS OCCUR FREQUENTLY IN GLIOMAS AND A SUBSET OF TUMORS DERIVED FROM CELLS WITH LOW RATES OF SELF-RENEWAL

c Neurosurgery, d Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, h Pathology, l Urology, and m Malignant cells, like all actively growing cells, must maintain their telomeres, but genetic mechanisms responsible for telomere main- tenance in tumors have only recently been discovered. In particular, mutations of the telomere binding proteins alpha thalassemia/ mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX )o rdeath-domain associated protein (DAXX) have been shown to underlie a telomere maintenance mechanism not involving telomerase (alternative lengthening of telomeres), and point mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene increase telo- merase expression and have been shown to occur in melanomas and a small number of other tumors. To further define the tumor types in which this latter mechanism plays a role, we surveyed 1,230 tumors of 60 different types. We found that tumors could be divided into types with low (<15%) and high (≥15%) frequen- cies of TERT promoter mutations. The nine TERT-high tumor types almost always originated in tissues with relatively low rates of self renewal, including melanomas, liposarcomas, hepatocellular carci- nomas, urothelial carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue, medulloblastomas, and subtypes of gliomas (including 83% of primary glioblastoma, the most common brain tumor type). TERT and ATRX mutations were mutually exclusive, suggest- ing that these two genetic mechanisms confer equivalent selective growth advantages. In addition to their implications for under- standing the relationship between telomeres and tumorigenesis, TERT mutations provide a biomarker that may be useful for the early detection of urinary tract and liver tumors and aid in the classification and prognostication of brain tumors.
Children with Common Neurological Conditions Use Complementary and Alternative Medicine Twice as Frequently as Those Without (P04.170)

Objective: To describe CAM use in children with common neurological conditions as compared to the general pediatric population. Background Recent literature suggests that one in nine children in the US uses some type of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Children with challenging neurological conditions such as headache, migraine, and seizures may seek CAM in their attempts at self-care. Our objective was to describe CAM use in children with these conditions. Design/Methods: We compared use of CAM in 9,417 children with and without common neurological conditions (headaches, migraines, seizures) using the 2007 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data where CAM might plausibly play a role in their self management. Results: Children with common neurological conditions reported significantly more CAM use compared to the children without these symptoms (22.2% vs 11.0%, p Conclusions: CAM use is twice as common in children with common neurological conditions compared to those without. More work is needed to further characterize the nature of CAM use in this population as well as its benefits in neurological disease. Whether and how to harness the self-management benefits of some CAM modalities in the care of pediatric patients with neurological conditions is an important area of investigation. Disclosure: Dr. Jansons has nothing to disclose. Dr. James has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ziegenfuss has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tilburt has nothing to disclose.
Hepatosplanchnic circulation in cirrhosis and sepsis

Hepatosplanchnic circulation receives almost half of cardiac output and is essential to physiologic homeostasis. Liver cirrhosis is estimated to affect up to 1% of populations worldwide, including 1.5% to 3.3% of intensive care unit patients. Cirrhosis leads to hepatosplanchnic circulatory abnormalities and end-organ damage. Sepsis and cirrhosis result in similar circulatory changes and resultant multi-organ dysfunction. This review provides an overview of the hepatosplanchnic circulation in the healthy state and in cirrhosis, examines the signaling pathways that may play a role in the physiology of cirrhosis, discusses the physiology common to cirrhosis and sepsis, and reviews important issues in management.
Mixed reality ventriculostomy simulation: experience in neurosurgical residency.

Background Medicine and surgery are turning toward simulation to improve on limited patient interaction during residency training. Many simulators today use virtual reality with augmented haptic feedback with little to no physical elements. In a collaborative effort, the University of Florida Department of Neurosurgery and the Center for Safety, Simulation & Advanced Learning Technologies created a novel "mixed" physical and virtual simulator to mimic the ventriculostomy procedure. The simulator contains all the physical components encountered for the procedure with superimposed 3-D virtual elements for the neuroanatomical structures. Objective To introduce the ventriculostomy simulator and its validation as a necessary training tool in neurosurgical residency. Methods We tested the simulator in more than 260 residents. An algorithm combining time and accuracy was used to grade performance. Voluntary postperformance surveys were used to evaluate the experience. Results Results demonstrate that more experienced residents have statistically significant better scores and completed the procedure in less time than inexperienced residents. Survey results revealed that most residents agreed that practice on the simulator would help with future ventriculostomies. Conclusion This mixed reality simulator provides a real-life experience, and will be an instrumental tool in training the next generation of neurosurgeons. We have now implemented a standard where incoming residents must prove efficiency and skill on the simulator before their first interaction with a patient.
Peripheral venous distension elicits a blood pressure raising reflex in young and middle-aged adults

Distension of peripheral veins in humans elicits a pressor and sympathoexcitatory response that is mediated through group III/IV skeletal muscle afferents. There is some evidence that autonomic reflexes mediated by these sensory fibers are blunted with increasing age, yet to date the venous distension reflex has only been studied in young adults. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the venous distension reflex would be attenuated in middle-aged compared with young adults. Nineteen young (14 men/5 women, 25 ± 1 yr) and 13 middle-aged (9 men/4 women, 50 ± 2 yr) healthy normotensive participants underwent venous distension via saline infusion through a retrograde intravenous catheter in an antecubital vein during limb occlusion. Beat-by-beat blood pressure, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and model flow-derived cardiac output (Q), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were recorded throughout the trial. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased during the venous distension in both young (baseline 83 ± 2, peak 94 ± 3 mmHg; P 0.05). These findings suggest that peripheral venous distension elicits a pressor and sympathetic response in middle-aged adults similar to the response observed in young adults.
A Cognitive Comparative Study on Spatial Dimensional Term "High" in English and Chinese

This paper,from the cognitive perspective,proceeds a systematic investigation of spatial dimensional term "high" in both English and Chinese based on language data.The research discovers that the metaphorical mappings of "high"mainly cover the domain of emotion,sound,social status,degree,social evaluation and time.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON AIDS RELATED BEHAVIORS IN MALE CLIENTS OF COMM ERCIAL FEMALE SEX WORKERS.

Objective:To understand the social background an d AIDS related be haviors of male clients of female sex workers(FSWs).Methods:T hirty-seven cli ents of female sex workers were recruited from STD clinics and communities by sn owball sampling and random sampling respectively,and their information were col lected through in-depth interview.Results:The majority of clients were 25～40 years old,married and of junior high school or more educational level.64.86% o f them thought it was natural and prevalent to visit FSWs.Reasons for visiting FSWs included personality,physiological demand,occupation,income and age.Pr o portion of using condom every time were lower than one third during commercial s exual intercourse because of lack of pleasant sensation,believing in FWSs,and no condom with himself,etc.Conclusion:Male clients of FSWs come fr om varied s ocial classes,could be approached and studied,and should be specific target gr oup for AIDS behavioral intervention.
A computational model for vocal exchange dynamics and their development in marmoset monkeys

How vocal turn-taking evolved, how it develops within individuals, and how it is mediated by neural circuits are open questions. We constructed a computational model of marmoset monkey vocal production to make predictions about the mechanisms underlying vocal exchanges and their development. The model is based on the interactions among three neural structures (‘drive’, ‘motor’, and ‘auditory’) with feedback connectivity inspired by published physiological and anatomical data. We fitted our model to the temporal dynamics of spontaneous vocalizations produced by isolated marmosets. We then tested the model for its ability to predict the structure of vocal exchanges between two marmosets. Our results demonstrate that the interaction between two of these three-node models result in turn-taking behavior that is nearly identical to that seen in natural adult marmoset vocal exchanges. We simulated the development of the auditory node by gradual strengthening its connection with the motor node. This generated the prediction that, during turn-taking development, the maturation of this connection will lead to decreases in overlapping vocalizations and increases in alternating exchanges.
The very first Strain Range Bound Guidance methodology for system board shock evaluation

The wide varieties of system board designs and form factors in the market make electronic package mechanical shock assessments extremely complicated and challenging. The very first strain range guidance methodology presented in this paper attempts to simplify this. This methodology is achieved by establishing a safe limit for the package in both system and component level shock test environments, then integrating them into a single range guide. In this paper, details of both types of board level setups and test conditions are presented along with test results which include strain outputs, bend modes, strain states, together with conclusive failure analysis. For system boards, different board sizes, layouts, heat sinks are assessed and compared. The outcome is a simple strain guide that has been successfully demonstrated. Additionally, the scope of this paper also includes some key learning from the tests and impact of various design attributes on shock performance.
Characterizing Complexity of Containerized Cargo X-ray Images

X-ray imaging can be used to inspect cargos imported into the United States. In order to better understand the performance of X-ray inspection systems, the X-ray characteristics (density, complexity) of cargo need to be quantified. In this project, an image complexity measure called integrated power spectral density (IPSD) was studied using both DNDO engineered cargos and stream-of-commerce (SOC) cargos. A joint distribution of cargo density and complexity was obtained. A support vector machine was used to classify the SOC cargos into four categories to estimate the relative fractions.
“A True Prophet”? Speculation in Victorian Sensory Physiology and George Eliot’s “The Lifted Veil”

Meegan Kennedy, “‘A True Prophet’? Speculation in Victorian Sensory Physiology and George Eliot’s ‘The Lifted Veil’” (pp. 369–403) George Eliot’s novella “The Lifted Veil” (1859) is often considered an outlier in Eliot’s realist corpus, perhaps due to its focus on controversial theories of mind (phrenology, animal magnetism) and physical medicine (blood transfusion, human experiment, reanimation). The story draws on a tradition of Gothic medicine long recognized in the romantic novel but less acknowledged in histories of clinical medicine. As this essay shows, however, mid-Victorian clinicians and researchers accepted speculative cases of hyperaesthesia, prevision, and telepathy as a path for skeptical neurological inquiry. The textbooks of physicians like John Hughes Bennett, William Carpenter, John Elliotson, Henry Holland, and Forbes Winslow codified a range of sensational phenomena, circulating cases like Latimer’s and considering both natural and supernatural explanations for them. The events in “The Lifted Veil” are thus more realistic than they may appear; and the story extends rather than interrupts the trace of science in Eliot’s early fiction. In Latimer’s story, Eliot plays with the boundaries of Victorian physiology, neurology, and cardiology and expands our view of what both Victorian science and realism accommodate. “The Lifted Veil” performs and invites the same dual movement that mid-Victorian scientists were developing, a two-step of speculation and skepticism. As in Eliot’s other work, the analogy with scientific inquiry grounds the story’s moral, aesthetic, and epistemological concerns about human knowledge. Finally, these oddities of Victorian nerve physiology paradoxically allow Eliot to make a familiar realist argument, for this sensational story celebrates ordinary life as rare and valuable.
IN NETWORK: THE CASE FOR DECOLONIAL JEWISH THOUGHT

In this article I take the blind spots in the liberal interpretation of modern Jewish thought as a starting point to argue for the necessity of adopting a decolonial framework for situating the critical thrust of Jewish intellectuals. I contend that this innovative approach illuminates the existential condition that became the driving force behind the articulation of Jewish subversions of modernity. While most liberal interpreters situate these as a result of the development of the nation-state, I show that this presumption of nineteenth/twentieth centuries (European) Jews leading the critical process ignores centuries of struggles and reproduces Eurocentric liberating qualities. As such it limits critical thought to the same spatial context where oppressive discourses emerged. As an alternative I contend that the critical thrust of Jewish thought is the outcome of a more long-standing process known as coloniality and encompassing the patterns of domination that developed in colonial contexts but exceeded their temporal and spatial dimensions. This process is traced back to the sixteenth century, when Jewish intellectuals became one group among other racialized collectives to attack the core of a 500 years-long process. I conclude by claiming that this framework can offer an invigoration of the field by re-evaluating disciplinary alliances, methodological frames, and geopolitical sensitivities.
Long-term Effects of Adolescent Sport Concussion Across the Age Spectrum.

Background:Research in sport concussion has increased greatly over the previous decade due to increased scientific interest as well as the media and political spotlight that has been cast on this injury. However, a dearth of literature is available regarding the long-term (>1 year after concussion) effects of adolescent concussion on cognitive and motor performance of high school athletes.Purpose:To evaluate the potential for long-term effects of concussion sustained during high school on cognitive and motor performance across the lifespan.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Adults with (n = 30) and without (n = 53) a concussion history were recruited in 3 age groups: younger (18-30 years; n = 43), middle-aged (40-50 years; n = 18), and older (≥60 years; n = 22). Each participant completed a computerized neurocognitive assessment and continuous tracking and discrete temporal auditory tasks with the hand and foot. Root mean squared error and timing variability were derived from...
Selinexor (KPT-330) Induces Tumor Suppression through Nuclear Sequestration of IκB and Downregulation of Survivin

Purpose: Selinexor, a small molecule that inhibits nuclear export protein XPO1, has demonstrated efficacy in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies with the evidence of clinical activity in sarcoma as a single agent. Treatment options available are very few, and hence the need to identify novel targets and strategic therapies is of utmost importance.Experimental Design: The mechanistic effects of selinexor in sarcomas as a monotherapy and in combination with proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, across a panel of cell lines in vitro and few in xenograft mouse models were investigated.Results: Selinexor induced IκB nuclear localization as a single agent, and the effect was enhanced by stabilization of IκB when pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. This stabilization and retention of IκB in the nucleus resulted in inhibition of NFκB and transcriptional suppression of the critical antiapoptotic protein, survivin. Treatment of carfilzomib followed by selinexor caused selinexor-sensitive and selinexor-resistant cell lines to be more sensitive to selinexor as determined by an increase in apoptosis. This was successfully demonstrated in the MPNST xenograft model with enhanced tumor suppression.Conclusions: The subcellular distributions of IκB and NFκB are indicative of carcinogenesis. Inhibition of XPO1 results in intranuclear retention of IκB, which inhibits NFκB and thereby provides a novel mechanism for drug therapy in sarcoma. This effect can be further enhanced in relatively selinexor-resistant sarcoma cell lines by pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Because of these results, a human clinical trial with selinexor in combination with a proteasome inhibitor is planned for the treatment of sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4301-11. ©2017 AACR.
Abstract 273: New Reconstruction Technique for MRA to “Fly Through” the Lumen of the Cerebral Vasculature

MethodsPatient exams were performed under an IRB-approved protocol. Two 3D SWIRLS [3] single phase contrast-enhanced angiographies with 1mm3 spatial resolution were used for this work. Clinical exa...
Subband bandwidth considerations for multiple-antenna multicarrier communications

We outline guiding principles for choosing the subband bandwidth of a multicarrier system with multiple antennas. Initially, we review considerations for the choice of bandwidth in fast-fading doubly dispersive channels. We append to these considerations those relevant to the use of multiple antennas for intereference rejection in the wideband regime. To weigh the benefits of narrow subbands, which permit narrowband beamforming for better interference rejection and signal gain, against the cost of a multiplicity of subbands, which is principally that of a high peak-to-average power ratio, we introduce an achievable rate metric.
Demand and flexibility of residential appliances: An empirical analysis

Smart metering and submetering technologies make energy data available at the granularity of individual appliance. Based on a real-world data set, we characterize energy consumption of individual appliances, and quantify the flexibility for demand response as realizable increase and decrease of energy consumption. Results show significant flexibility potential in residential appliances and substantial cost savings for customers under time-of-use pricing.