cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time–Extended Group Treatment Sessions:

Marathon therapy is examined with attention to format, process, and techniques and as it is utilized as part of a family agency's program of group treatment
Spannungs- und Stromwandler

Wenn die Abgabespannung dieselbe Periodenzahl wie die Primarquelle aufweist, so hat man den Transformatorfall. Man spricht von einem Autotransformator, wenn ein Teil der primaren und sekundaren Windungen denselben Leiter benutzt, wahrend fur gewohnliche Transformatoren eine magnetische1) Verkettung vorliegt.
Language, Communication, and Public Negotiation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses language, communication, and public negotiation. Modern postindustrial society increasingly requires public participation in the decision-making processes that affect the quality of life. The past few decades have seen the growth of citizen-originated interest groups, which have as their main purpose the monitoring of public policy. Such groups are demanding and are beginning to achieve far-reaching changes in areas such as public health, law, education, and labor negotiations. Partly as a result of their initiative, policy-making agencies themselves are cooperating more and more with citizens' advisory groups. To the extent that cultural differences affect the ability to communicate, there is a need for the direct studies of communication difficulties to isolate the sources of culturally based confusion, before a change in other social factors can be expected. Recent anthropological work on communication processes has begun to show that what is involved in cultural confusion and misunderstandings of communication is much more than the gross factors of racial or ethnic stereotypes and prejudices.
Exercise dependence: Associations with capability for suicide and past suicidal behavior

Objective Exercise dependence has been linked to capability for suicide and suicidal behavior; however, less understood are which facets of exercise dependence confer risk for suicidal behavior and the potential mechanisms of this association. This study examined relationships between exercise dependence, capability for suicide, and past suicidal behavior. Methods A sample of 540 individuals recruited via MTurk completed online measures of their exercise dependence, capability for suicide, and history of suicidal behavior. Results Suicide attempters reported higher levels of continuance in exercise despite physical or psychological consequences, lack of control over exercise, and reductions in other activities due to exercise than nonattempters. Capability for suicide accounted for the relationship between continuance in exercise despite adverse consequences and lifetime number of suicide attempts. Conclusions When exercise becomes pathological in the form of exercise dependence, steps should be taken to reduce such engagement due to its observed association with suicidal behavior.
Challenges in Laboratory Coding 2015

1. Kathleen Hansen, MLS(ASCP)CM[⇑][1] 1. Advisor, ASCLS Government Affairs Committee, Laboratory Administration Consultant, Fairview Health Services, Minneapolis, MN 1. Address for Correspondence: Kathleen Hansen, MLS(ASCP)CM, 2309 Beverly Road, St. Paul, MN 55104, 651-983-8613 khansen3{at}fairview.org INTRODUCTION Laboratory managers and others have long been familiar with the use of Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to identify services provided by the laboratory for billing and reporting purposes. The CPT manual is the property of the American Medical Association (AMA) and is updated annually, including the laboratory section, which encompasses CPT codes 80047-89398. Until recently, the typical year's update consisted of 10-15 new or modified codes. Updates are announced in early summer, and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) holds a mid-July meeting each year at which stakeholders present testimony about the new codes and make suggestions as to how they should be priced by CMS. ASCLS Executive Vice President Elissa Passiment attends this meeting to present our views, or alternatively ASCLS submits testimony in writing. Final codes and instructions for their use are published in the fall. Reimbursement amounts are published near the end of the year with the new Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule (CLFS). Reimbursement amounts for the CLFS are determined using one of two methodologies: crosswalk or gap fill. Crosswalk matches the new code with an existing code that is deemed to be of similar cost to perform, and assigns that same reimbursement to the new code. Gap fill assumes that the new code is sufficiently different from existing codes to need its own reimbursement determination. Each Medicare contractor decides what its reimbursement will be based on its determination of the cost to perform the test. These different amounts are used for a… ABBREVIATIONS: CLFS – Clinical Laboratory Fee Schedule, CPT - Current Procedural Terminology, AMA - American Medical Association, CMS - Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, HCPCS – Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, NGS - Next Generation Sequencing, MAC - Medicare Administrative Contractor, Mopath – molecular pathology, MUE - Medically Unlikely Edit [1]: #corresp-1
Launching the DRC: Historical Context and Future Directions

This chapter describes the historical context within which the Disaster Research Center at The Ohio State University began in 1963, both what came before and major issues confronted during the early years. Future directions in disaster research are then described. Key areas for the future research agenda include both basic theoretical issues and specific areas of inquiry reflecting paradigm shifts and emergent cultural and social changes.
Endothelial senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is regulated by Makorin-1 ubiquitin E3 ligase.

Abstract Background Disturbed flow (d-flow)–induced senescence and activation of endothelial cells (ECs) have been suggested to have critical roles in promoting atherosclerosis. Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TERF2)-interacting protein (TERF2IP), a member of the shelterin complex at the telomere, regulates the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), in which EC activation and senescence are engendered simultaneously by p90RSK-induced phosphorylation of TERF2IP S205 and subsequent nuclear export of the TERF2IP-TERF2 complex. In this study, we investigated TERF2IP-dependent gene expression and its role in regulating d-flow-induced SASP. Methods A principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to identify genes whose expression is regulated by TERF2IP in ECs under d-flow conditions. Senescence was determined by reduced telomere length, increased p53 and p21 expression, and increased apoptosis; EC activation was detected by NF-κB activation and the expression of adhesion molecules. The involvement of TERF2IP S205 phosphorylation in d-flow–induced SASP was assessed by depletion of TERF2IP and mutation of the phosphorylation site. Results Our unbiased transcriptome analysis showed that TERF2IP caused alteration in the expression of a distinct set of genes, including rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR) and makorin-1 (MKRN1) ubiquitin E3 ligase, under d-flow conditions. In particular, both depletion of TERF2IP and overexpression of the TERF2IP S205A phosphorylation site mutant in ECs increased the d-flow and p90RSK-induced MKRN1 expression and subsequently inhibited apoptosis, telomere shortening, and NF-κB activation in ECs via suppression of p53, p21, and telomerase (TERT) induction. Conclusions MKRN1 and RICTOR belong to a distinct reciprocal gene set that is both negatively and positively regulated by p90RSK. TERF2IP S205 phosphorylation, a downstream event of p90RSK activation, uniquely inhibits MKRN1 expression and contributes to EC activation and senescence, which are key events for atherogenesis.
Demonstration of a 3rd order hierarchy of topological states in a three-dimensional acoustic metamaterial (Conference Presentation)

Higher-order topological (HOT) states are topological states localized in more than one dimension of a D-dimensional system. In the recent years, HOT states have been shown to exist in classical wave-systems such as photonics and acoustics and have been used to explore a host of topological phenomena that have typically been associated with condensed matter systems. In our work, we construct the 3D acoustic metamaterial with HOT states through a rapid prototyping process and manufacture the individual metaatoms and metamolecules, which can then be snapped together to form 3D metamaterials with complex geometries. The assembled 3D topological metamaterial represents the acoustic analogue of the pyrochlore lattice with acoustic modes strongly bound to the individual resonant cavities and a design that only allows for nearest neighbor coupling. This provides us with the framework to explore the topological nature of the structure in a semi-analytical way (tight-binding model) while comparing it to the first-principles finite element method (FEM) model, and then comparing both theoretical results to the experiment. Consistent with the models, we observe the third-order (0-D) topological corner states along with second-order (1D) edge states and first-order (2D) surface states within the same topological bandgap, thus establishing a full hierarchy of HOT states in three dimensions. Additionally, we experimentally measure the field profile of each topological mode, which are in excellent agreement with the numerically calculated profiles of the HOT states.
Determining the Safety and Efficacy of Prophylactic Defibrotide Administration in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease Following Myeloimmunoablative Conditioning (MAC) and Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation Utilizing CD34+ Selection and T-Cell (CD3) Addback (IND127812)

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy and vasculopathy resulting in vaso-occlusive crises, chronic end-organ damage, and shortened life span. The only curative therapy is allogeneic stem cell transplant (AlloSCT) (Talano/Cairo, EJH, 2015). Unfortunately, only approximately 16% of the sickle cell population has an HLA matched unaffected sibling (Bhatia/Cairo, BMT, 2014). We have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of familial haploidentical transplants (FHI) in this population with 100% engraftment (Cairo et al, JAMA Peds, 2019). However, the incidence of sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) in SCD AlloSCT recipients is approximately 32% (McPherson, BMT, 2011). Defibrotide primarily targets endothelium and can reduce endothelial cell injury (Falanga et al, Leukemia, 2003 and Scallia et al, Clin Pharm, 1996). Corbaciolgu et al (Lancet 2012) demonstrated the safety and efficacy of prophylactic defibrotide in high-risk pediatric AlloSCT recipients to significantly reduce the incidence of SOS. Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of defibrotide prophylaxis for SOS in children, adolescents and young adults (CAYA) with high-risk SCD following MAC and FHI AlloSCT, utilizing CD34+ selection with CD3 addback. Design/Methods Patients with SCD aged 2 to 35 years with high-risk SCD (stroke, ≥2 acute chest syndrome in past 2 years, ≥3 pain crises in last 2 years, abnormal TCD study, ≥1 silent infarct lesion on MRI) were enrolled after being consented (NCT02675959). Patients were in two cohorts (2 to 17.99 years and 18 to 34.99 years of age) for age-based analysis and treatment (Table 1 and 2). All patients received a MAC regimen prior to receipt of an FHI with CD34+ selection and CD3 addback peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT), as we have already demonstrated (Cairo et al, ASH, 2018). Defibrotide was given day -10 during conditioning through day +21 following transplant. Baseline studies of organ function and biomarkers were obtained prior to transplantation. Results We have enrolled eight patients, five in cohort 1 (median age 9.9 years) and three in cohort 2 (median age of 24 years) with a gender ratio (M/F) of 4/4. Patients had hemoglobin SS (n=7) or hemoglobin SC (n=1). Patients had either a maternal (n=7) or sibling (n=1) donor. Patients had early neutrophil engraftment (median day +11 (day +7 to day +14)). All tolerated 109 ± 11doses of defibrotide. There were no severe adverse or bleeding events probably or directly related to defibrotide. No patient developed SOS. Conclusion The preliminary data suggests defibrotide is safe and well tolerated in CAYA patients with high-risk SCD following MAC and FHI AlloSCT, utilizing CD34+ selection with CD3 addback. A larger cohort and/or follow-up will be required to confirm these preliminary findings. Supported by FDA R01FD004090 and Jazz Pharmaceuticals.
The Impact of Psoriasis on the Quality of Life of Patients in San Antonio, TX

Background: Psoriasis impacts 2% of the world’s population. The disease affects the quality of life of patients by causing pain and depression. Little information is available regarding the impact of psoriasis on San Antonio patients. Objective: This project obtained information from patients about how they are coping with psoriasis, impact on their quality of life, barriers to care, and support systems they have. Methods: An IRB approved six question survey was administered to 50 patients who attended the VA, a psoriasis support group, and Haven for Hope homeless clinic. Results: 40% of patients who completed the survey had been living with psoriasis for less than 5 years. 75% of patients in this group claimed they were severely depressed. The disease impacted them most psychologically and their greatest barrier to care was access to medications that “cured” their psoriasis. 60% of the patients were living with psoriasis for more than 5 years, and 81% claimed they were not depressed at all. Psoriasis impacted them most financially and their greatest barrier was the cost of care. Conclusion: Acutely, psoriasis patients are impacted psychologically and are frustrated with their disease. Over time, they learn to live with their condition and are impacted by the economic aspects of care.
Artificial Sub-60 Millivolts/Decade Switching in a Metal-Insulator-Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Transistor without a Ferroelectric Component

Negative capacitance field-effect transistors (NC-FETs) have attracted wide interest as promising candidates for steep-slope devices, and sub-60 millivolts/decade (mV/decade) switching has been demonstrated in NC-FETs with various device structures and material systems. However, the detailed mechanisms of the observed steep-slope switching in some of these experiments are under intense debate. Here we show that sub-60 mV/decade switching can be observed in a WS2 transistor with a metal-insulator-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIMIS) structure without any ferroelectric component. This structure resembles an NC-FET with internal gate, except that the ferroelectric layer is replaced by a leaky dielectric layer. Through simulations of the charging dynamics during the device characterization using a resistor-capacitor network model, we show that the observed steep-slope switching in our "ferroelectric-free" transistors can be attributed to the internal gate voltage response to the chosen varying gate voltage scan rates. We further show that a constant gate voltage scan rate can also lead to transient sub-60 mV/decade switching in an MIMIS structure with voltage-dependent internal gate capacitance. Our results indicate that the observation of sub-60 mV/decade switching alone is not sufficient evidence for the successful demonstration of a true steep-slope switching device and that experimentalists need to critically assess their measurement setups to avoid measurement-related artifacts.
The Equation x’(t)=A(t)x(t)+f(t)

Case I. Let us first assume that \(\mathbb X\) is of finite dimension, say \(\mathbb X = \mathbb C^n\).
DiSCoVeR: a Materials Discovery Screening Tool for High Performance, Unique Chemical Compositions

We present Descending from Stochastic Clustering Variance Regression (DiSCoVeR), a Python tool for identifying high-performing, chemically unique compositions relative to existing compounds using a combination of a chemical distance metric, density-aware dimensionality reduction, and clustering. We introduce several new metrics for materials discovery and validate DiSCoVeR on Materials Project bulk moduli using compound-wise and cluster-wise validation methods. We visualize these via multiobjective Pareto front plots and assign a weighted score to each composition where this score encompasses the trade-off between performance and density-based chemical uniqueness. We explore an additional uniqueness proxy related to property gradients in chemical space. We demonstrate that DiSCoVeR can successfully screen materials for both performance and uniqueness in order to extrapolate to new chemical spaces.
Asymptotics of transverse momentum broadening in dense QCD media

We study the asymptotic behaviour of the transverse momentum broadening distribution of an energetic quark or gluon propagating through dense QCD matter, in the large system size $L$ limit, taking into account radiative corrections in the double logarithmic approximation. Thanks to a connection between the evolution of the jet quenching parameter $\hat{q}$ and the formation of traveling wave fronts in nonlinear physics, we obtain a formula for the $L$ dependence of the characteristic transverse momentum scale $Q_s$ of the distribution valid up to terms of order $1/\ln(L)$. We briefly discuss the physical implications of this formula for jet quenching and small-$x$ phenomenology.
Uptake in newly approved antibiotics prescribed to patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)

We assessed trends in treatment of patients with CRE from 2012 through 2018. We detected decreased utilization of aminoglycosides and colistin and increased utilization in extended-spectrum cephalosporins and ceftazidime-avibactam. We found significant uptake of ceftazidime-avibactam, a newly approved antibiotic, to treat CRE infections.
Forgotten Tribes: Unrecognized Indians and the Federal Acknowledgment Process

The Federal Acknowledgment Process (FAP) is one of the most important and contentious issues facing Native Americans today. A complicated system of criteria and procedures, the FAP is utilized by federal officials to determine whether a Native community qualifies for federal recognition by the United States government. In Forgotten Tribes, Mark Edwin Miller offers a balanced and detailed look at the origins, procedures, and assumptions governing the FAP. His work examines the FAP through the prism of four previously unrecognized tribal communities and their battles to gain indigenous rights under federal law. Based on a wealth of interviews and original research, Forgotten Tribes features the first in-depth history and overview of the FAP and sheds light on this controversial Native identification policy involving state power over Native peoples and tribal sovereignty. Mark Edwin Miller is an assistant professor of history at Southern Utah University.
Fully digital-compatible built-in self-test solutions to linearity testing of embedded mixed-signal functions

Mixed-signal circuits, especially analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, are the most widely used circuitry in electronic systems. In the most of the cases, mixedsignal circuits form the interface between the analog and digital worlds and enable the processing and recovering of the real-world information. Performance of mixed-signal circuits, such as linearity and noise, are then critical to any applications. Conventionally, mixed-signal circuits are tested by mixed-signal automatic test equipment (ATE). However, along with the continuous performance improvement, using conventionally methods increases test costs significantly since it takes much more time to test high-performance parts than low-performance ones and mixed-signal ATE testers could be extremely expensive depending on the test precision they provide. Another factor that makes mixed-signal testing more and more challenging is the advance of the integration level. In the popular system-onchip applications, mixed-signal circuits are deeply embedded in the systems. With less observability and accessibility, conventionally external test methods can not guarantee the precision of the source signals and evaluations. Test performance is then degraded. This work investigates new methods using digital testers incorporated with on-chip, built-in self-test circuits to test the linearity performance of data converters with less test cost and better test performance. Digital testers are cheap to use since they only offer logic signals with direct connections. The analog sourcing and evaluation capabilities have to be absorbed by the on-chip BIST circuits, which, meanwhile, could benefit the test performance with access to the internal circuit nodes. The main challenge of the digital-compatible BIST methods is to implement the BIST circuits with enough high test performance but with low
Uniqueness, Self Belonging and Intercourse in Nature Prologue and Preface

This manuscript has ensued from my past studies in biochemistry (PhD, CUNY 1986) and my current endeavors in graduate study in philosophy and anthropology. The current research project began during my period as a graduate student in biochemistry with a professor of classical genetics comment that DNA was unique in the physical world. The paradox presented to relate this notion to existing natural law lead me to evolve and communicate a view that the world itself is a special case of a general case that has no relevant physical existence. I also hope to have presented a description of a situation that connects history, human behavior, the process and symbolisms of science, cause and effect to a holism of form, philosophy, mathematics, shape, and motion.
DFMA Approach to Reducing the Cost of Hydrogen Produced from Natural Gas

Steam methane reformer (SMR) based hydrogen production facilities are highly capital intensive because they are custom-designed and are built using one-at-a-time fabrication techniques. Capital costs account for 70-85% of the total per unit hydrogen costs for on-site systems in the 50 kg/h and below capacity range. Opportunities exist for significant reductions in product hydrogen costs by introducing advanced design technologies such as Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA). An SMR based system designed using the DFMA approach is expected to significantly reduce the capital cost by minimizing the overall part count, simplifying the design, and optimizing the assembly process. Praxair, in cooperation with the US Department of Energy (DOE), has completed the study phase of a system developed using this approach. This paper presents an overview of the impact of this approach on the system design and the overall cost for the small on-site production of hydrogen.
Does UNE Mean One? An Analysis of the Determinants of Unbundled Network Element Rates

This paper examines the rates set by state public utility commissions (PUCs) that competitors must pay to access the local loop of the largest incumbent U.S. telecommunications suppliers (RBOCs). Employing a unique data set and dynamic panel data regressions, the results indicate that the rates are influenced by factors beyond local costs. Specifically, rates in the smaller states in each RBOC region are strongly influenced by the largest state in the region. Rates are lower in the period immediately before the RBOC applied for Section 271 approval in the state and where the level of competitive entry is lower, while they are higher in states where the governor is a Republican. The analysis suggests that this cornerstone of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 may been applied inconsistently across states and information spillovers should be considered when state agencies are charged with implementing federal policy.
Beyond Liberal Democracy: Diverse Educational Relations

This essay offers a critical analysis of Locke's and Rousseau's basic assumptions upon which classical liberalism is built: rationalism, universalism, and individualism. I then describe an alternative starting place for democracy with a transactional view of individuals-in-relation-to-others. I then offer specific educational examples to help me sketch two themes that illustrate problems with classical liberalism and how a transactional democracy-always-in-the-making can help to solve these problems.
Interfacial Energy Effects on the Electric Field Alignment of Symmetric Diblock Copolymers

The alignment of diblock copolymer microdomains by an electric field depends on the segmental interaction between two blocks and the difference in the interfacial energies of each block with the substrate. Morphologies having mixed orientations are predicted when the difference in the interfacial energies of the two blocks is large. By modifying a surface with random copolymer brushes, interfacial energies were controlled and the influence of interfacial energy on the orientation of the copolymer microdomains by an electric field was examined. Complete alignment of the lamellar microdomains was achieved only when the interfacial interactions were balanced. In all other cases, lamellae adjacent to the substrate were oriented parallel to the substrate surface, whereas in the center of the sample the lamellae oriented in the direction of the applied field. These results can be ascribed to a pathway-dependent alignment and a high energetic barrier to achieve complete reorientation of the lamellae adjacent to ...
Inhibitory G proteins and their receptors: emerging therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes

The worldwide prevalence of obesity is steadily increasing, nearly doubling between 1980 and 2008. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a costly chronic disease and serious public health problem. The underlying cause of T2DM is a failure of the beta cells of the pancreas to continue to produce enough insulin to counteract insulin resistance. Most current T2DM therapeutics do not prevent continued loss of insulin secretion capacity, and those that do have the potential to preserve beta cell mass and function are not effective in all patients. Therefore, developing new methods for preventing and treating obesity and T2DM is very timely and of great significance. There is now considerable literature demonstrating a link between inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling in insulin-responsive tissues and the pathogenesis of obesity and T2DM. These studies are suggesting new and emerging therapeutic targets for these conditions. In this review, we will discuss inhibitory G proteins and GPCRs that have primary actions in the beta cell and other peripheral sites as therapeutic targets for obesity and T2DM, improving satiety, insulin resistance and/or beta cell biology.
A fully synthetic route to the papulacandins. Stereospecific spiroacetalization of a C-1-arylated methyl glycoside

Abstract Lewis acid-catalyzed, hetero Diels-Alder reaction of ( E )-1-methoxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene with 6-benzoyloxymethyl-2,4-dibenzyloxy benzaldehyde afforded 2-(6-benzoyloxymethyl-2,4-dibenzyloxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4 H -pyran-4-one. This was converted into a derivative of papulacandin D by a stereospecific, spiroacetalization of a C-1 methoxylated aryl glycoside, [3,5-dibenzoyloxy-(methyl 3- O -acetyl-4,6-di- O -benzoyl- dl -glucopyranosid-1-yl)phenyl]methyl benzoate.
Alpe Arami: A Peridotite Massif from Depths of More Than 300 Kilometers

The abundance of FeTiO 3 and chromite precipitates in olivine of the Alpe Arami peridotite massif, Switzerland, requires a much higher solubility for highly charged cations than is found in mantle xenoliths from depths of 250 kilometers. Three previously unknown crystal structures of FeTiO 3 were identified that indicate that the originally exsolved phase was the high-pressure perovskite polymorph of ilmenite, implying a minimum depth of origin of 300 kilometers. These observations, coupled with the unique lattice preferred orientation of olivine, further suggest that the original composition of olivine may reflect that of a precursor phase, perhaps wadsleyite, that is stable only at depths greater than 400 kilometers.
Earthquake nucleation and triggering on an optimally oriented fault

Seismic surface waves from large, distant earthquakes commonly trigger smaller earthquakes. However, delay times of hours to days between the surface waves and the triggered earthquakes weaken the causal connection. Furthermore, when there is no delay, the triggered earthquakes are typically too small or too obscured to obtain reliable source mechanisms. We present observations of instantaneous triggering of a strike-slip earthquake in central Alaska. Shear strain from the optimally aligned teleseismic Love wave induced a 24 s exponential foreshock signal leading to the triggered earthquake. This nucleation phase, and the alignment of the triggered earthquake source mechanism with the teleseismic stress field, reveal the behavior of an existing fault under well-calibrated strain conditions. The Alaska earthquake provides the first observation of combined nucleation and triggering, and it suggests that transient stresses during nucleation may influence the subsequent earthquake rupture. Laboratory and theoretical studies of nucleation and triggering may help discriminate between different interpretations for the Alaska earthquake.
Personal Reflections on Gender Diversity in Computing

The motivations of IT professionals who spend time trying to improve gender diversity in computing include both those oriented toward helping society and others that are more individual and personal. This is one of five articles providing personal perspectives on gender diversity in computing. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/Khh0DlVW9kk is a video interview in which Robert B. Schnabel, dean of the School of Informatics at Indiana University Bloomington, discusses the importance of gender diversity in computing with Alfred C. (Alf) Weaver, the director of the University of Virginia's Applied Research Institute.
Competitive fitness in experimental populations of Drosophila willistoni.

Experiments are reported in which genetically different strains of Drosophila willistoni compete with D. pseudoobscura. The competition was studied at three temperatures, 20°, 22°, and 25°C. The outcome of the competition depends on the genetic constitution of the competing species, but at 25° and 22°C D. willistoni flies are generally stronger competitors than D. pseudoobscura, while at 20°C D. pseudoobscura generally has a competitive advantage. There is a significant interaction between genotype and temperature; the strain RP3 is the weakest competitor of all D. willistoni strains at 22° and 25°C, but not at 20°C; the strain M18 is the best competitor at 20° and 22°C but not at 25°C.
Dramatic Acceleration of the Pd-Catalyzed [4+2] Benzannulation Reaction of Enynes and Diynes in the Presence of Lewis Acids and Bases: Expanded Scope and New Mechanistic Insights

Dramatic acceleration of the palladium catalyzed [4+2] benzannulation and sequential [2+2+2] trimerization reactions in the presence of a Lewis acid/phosphine combination or in the presence of Bronsted bases has been explored. These novel sets of conditions allowed for remarkable enhancement of reaction rates and broadening of the substrate scope and for a significant improvement of reaction yields, particularly for problematic pentasubstituted benzenes. It was found that the real nature of Lewis acid acceleration does not only lie in the isomerization of conjugated enynes but also in the direct acceleration of the [4+2] benzannulation reaction. These experimental findings, combined with the deuterium-labeling studies and DFT calculations, led to a mechanistic rationale, which (a) reasonably accounts for the observed acceleration of the reaction by Lewis acid and bases; (b) provides a viable alternative route for the ring-closing step in the mechanism of benzannulation; (c) clarifies the mechanism of hydrogen migration; and (d) for the first time provides a rationale for the origins of the remarkable stereoselectivity of the hydrogen migration during the benzannulation reaction.
A Longitudinal Social Relations Analysis of Participation in Small Groups

Contrary to previous work in which task-related judgments are hypothesized to predict participation in small groups, the current study assumes that participation is both an outcome of and an influence on judgments of task-related ability. In this study, the association between task-relevant judgments and participation was examined at two points in discussion. Results from a path analysis indicated that substantive participation during the first minute of discussion was positively related to task-relevant judgments measured at the first-minute time. In turn, those judgments were positively associated with subsequent substantive participation. Finally, substantive participation predicted judgments taken at discussion’s end. Nonsubstantive participation and judgments were not directly associated with each other. Discussion addresses theoretical and methodological issues raised by the findings.
Standardization of the oral glucose tolerance test and the criteria for diagnosis of chemical diabetes in children.

Abstract The blood glucose response to oral glucose has been established in nearly 300 normal children without a family history of diabetes. Serum insulin response to oral glucose has been established in 40 of these children. Utilizing these values, criteria have been established for the diagnosis of chemical diabetes and these criteria refined and confirmed by longitudinal studies of several hundred siblings of overt diabetics. In the early stages of chemical diabetes, there may be an increased insulin response with only minor changes in the blood sugar values. Another change in serum insulin is to have a delayed response with elevated insulin values at 3rd hr. As the disease progresses to the late stage of chemical diabetes, there is a progressive decrease in insulin response, and two or more blood sugar values fall outside the 97th and 3rd percentiles of the distribution of normal values. Prepubertal children who have a late stage of chemical diabetes are more likely to progress to overt diabetes during their prepubescent growth spurt, whereas postpubertal children with chemical diabetes are more likely to regress to a less abnormal stage of chemical diabetes.
A new triangular element for finite difference solution of axisymmetric conduction problems in cylindrical co‐ordinates

The triangular element is one of the most useful finite difference elements for the potential problems because of its versatility in fitting irregular boundary, in connecting one element type to another, and in changing grid fineness. Such triangular elements find many applications in conduction problems in cartesian co-ordinates. This paper presents a new triangular element for the finite' difference solution of axisymmetric conduction problems in cylindrical co-ordinates. The validity of the proposed triangular element is analyzed, and its workability is demonstrated using three selected examples. Also, an industrial application highlights the advantageous characteristics of the triangular element, and gives a comparison with known results obtained by finite element method.
Obtaining Surface Reflectance Factors from Atmospheric and View Angle Corrected SPOT-1 HRV Data

Abstract SPOT-1 High-Resolution Visible (HRV) multispectral (XS) and panchromatic data were acquired over an agricultural area on two consecutive days in June 1987, June 1988, and April 1989, at view zenith angles of approximately 23° and 10°. Digital data were converted to surface reflectance factors ( ρ s ) by use of the sensor calibration coefficients, measurements of atmospheric optical depth, and a radiative transfer model. View-angle corrections (Cv) were derived from ground-based measurements of bidirectional radiance of bare soil, and used to convert nadir ground- and aircraft-based measurements to off-nadir values ( ρ g and ρ a , respectively) for comparison with SPOT HRV data. The absolute error of ρ s values, relative to ρ g and ρ a , was less than 10% for most XS bands on all six days over the reflectance range 0.1-0.4. However, there was a systematic trend for ρ s estimates to be slightly higher than ρ g and ρ a measurements, particularly at low surface reflectances. The Cv coefficients were then applied to SPOT HRV data for a variety of cover types to assess the effectiveness of a simple, view-angle correction over a complex landscape. For rough, unvegetated surfaces, ρ s values that had originally differed by more than 0.09 in reflectance on the two days were brought to within 0.01 in all three XS bands. For vegetated surfaces, Cv appeared to be wavelength dependent; the soil-based Cv worked well for data in the red and green wavebands but overcorrected the near-IR data. The Cv correction overcompensated for view angle effects over planar surfaces (i.e., water and roads) in all wavebands.
Two-wavelength quadrature multipoint detection of partial discharge in power transformers using fiber Fabry-Perot acoustic sensors

A reliable and low-cost two-wavelength quadrature interrogating method has been developed to demodulate optical signals from diaphragm-based Fabry-Perot interferometric fiber optic sensors for multipoint partial discharge detection in power transformers. Commercial available fused-silica parts (a wafer, a fiber ferrule, and a mating sleeve) and a cleaved optical single mode fiber were bonded together to form an extrinsic Fabry-Perot acoustic sensor. Two lasers with center wavelengths separated by a quarter of the period of sensor interference fringes were used to probe acousticwave- induced diaphragm vibration. A coarse wavelength-division multiplexing (CWDM) add/drop multiplexer was used to separate the reflected two wavelengths before two photo detectors. Optical couplers were used to distribute mixed laser light to each sensor-detector module for multiplexing purpose. Sensor structure, detection system design and experiment results are presented.
Wound-induced Gibberellins

DURING an investigation of the part played by gibberellins in the induction of nucleic acid synthesis in resting potato buds, the question arose as to whether wounding of the tuber can cause any changes in the activity of endogenous gibberellin-like substances. Histoautoradio-graphic techniques have shown that tritiated thymidine incorporates into DNA of potato plugs (0.5 × 0.5 cm) containing buds, but not into buds of intact resting tubers. Other unpublished results suggest that labelling is localized chiefly at the periphery of the plug, the vascular system and the bud apex and leaf bases. Gibberellin A3 markedly promotes the incorporation of tritiated precursors into RNA and DNA within the same regions. Possibly wounding associated with excision of potato plugs enhances gibberellin activity which may in turn be responsible for other consequences of wounding.
Necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with periventricular hemorrhagic infarction: associations and outcomes.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) are complications of prematurity associated with poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. <
Modal Analysis of a Suspension Assembly

The dynamic characteristics of a suspension assembly are examined using new numerical and experimental techniques. The p-type finite element method is used to construct a numerical model of the suspension. There are significant advantages in using this approach to analyze these types of structures. The model is verified by an experimental modal analysis system, which has been shown to be effective in the study of small structures. The modelled modal parameters agree within 4.5 percent with the experimental results for 14 modes. Since the experimental system uses an electromagnetic exciter, a ferromagnetic target must be attached to the nonferrous suspension so that it can be excited. Innovative techniques are investigated to improve the attachment of this ferromagnetic target. Furthermore, the finite element model is utilized to evaluate the sensitivity of the modal parameters of the suspension to changes in its geometrical features.
Effect of Testosterone Propionate on Glycogen Content of Human Vaginal Smears

SummaryA method of demonstrating simultaneously the presence of glycogen and the morphologic characteristics of the desquamated cellular elements of the vaginal mucosa is presented. The glycogen in the desquamated vaginal epithelial cells of normally menstruating women can be made to disappear by administering adequate amounts of testosterone propionate. The disappearance of the glycogen is apparently dependent upon the production of atrophic changes in the vaginal mucosa since the first effect of the testosterone propionate is the disappearance of the squamous epithelial cells and their replacement by cells from the deeper layers of the mucous membrane. Coincident with this change in the size of the cells, the glycogen begins to decrease steadily and finally vanishes completely. Restoration of the glycogen in the smears parallels closely the reappearance of the normal vaginal epithelium.The question arises as to the mechanism of this regression in the smear and the disappearance of the glycogen. There is...
Effects of dexamethasone elution on tissue reaction around stimulating electrodes of endocardial pacing leads in dogs.

Abstract A pair of endocardial pacemaker leads, identical except for the presence or absence of dexamethasone elution from the distal stimulating electrode, was implanted into the right ventricle of each of 12 dogs for either 3 weeks (n = six pairs) or 6 weeks (n = six pairs). Fibrous connective tissue sheaths (0.04 to 0.20 mm thick) formed around the distal porous-surfaced stimulating electrodes because of proliferation of endocardial connective tissue and adherence and organization of thrombus. Connective tissue sheaths were composed of fibroblasts within an abundant collagen matrix and contained scattered macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and mast cells. Connective tissue sheaths around dexamethasone-eluting leads were thinner ( p p p
Secure RFID systems for supply chain applications

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is useful not only for tracking and identifying individual products but also for supply chain applications involving large shipment containers. Data associated with these containers clearly should be protected from unauthorised tracking, information interception through radio frequency eavesdropping, and physical compromise. Our solutions protect the data through encryption and a mutual authentication process between a secured tag and an authorised reader. Our unique design, which combines passive and active RFID circuitry, results in a secure active RFID tag that maintains battery life even in the presence of malicious probes designed to interrupt the supply chain.
Detection of Defects in Circular Plates using a Scanning Laser Vibrometer

This paper investigates dynamic characteristics (mode shapes and natural frequencies) and defect detection of circular plates using a scanning laser vibrometer. Analytical dynamic characteristics of a circular aluminum plate having a clamped inner rim and a free outer rim are obtained using two methods; one uses Bessel functions and the other uses a multiple shooting method. An in-house finite element code GESA is also used to analyze the circular plate using the DKT plate element. Numerical results show that high-frequency Operational Deflection Shapes (ODSs) are needed in order to locate small defects. Detection of two defects in the circular aluminum plate is experimentally studied using the distributions of RMS velocities under broadband periodic chirp excitations, RMS velocities of ODSs, symmetry breaking of ODSs, splitting of natural frequencies and ODSs, and a Boundary Effect Detection (BED) method. The BED method is a dynamics-based non-destructive method; it processes experimental ODSs to reveal ...
Essential pentosuria: renal or enzymic disorder.

ESSENTIAL pentosuria is a rare, recessive genetic metabolic disorder characterized by the excretion of gram quantities of L-xylulose. It was included among Garrod's “inborn errors of metabolism”1 and has usually been considered to be the result of an enzyme deficiency. Garrod's original concept of a hereditary metabolic anomaly has been broadened by some to include renal defects, and, in regard to essential pentosuria, Knox2 has recently stated, “the paramount question of a renal or an enzymic mechanism is still to be decided”.
Mosaic evolution, mosaic selection and angiosperm phylogeny

STEBBINS, G. L., 1984. Mosaic evolution, mosaic selection and angiosperm phylogeny. Mosaic evolution is a general pattern of evolutionary change, and is expected on the hypothesis that rvolution is basically opportunistic rather than determinate. It is most often exemplified by constancy with respect to one set of characters over a given period of time, accompanied by more or less rapid change with respect to other characteristics of the same organisms. To the extent that the characters involved are functional and adaptive, mosaic evolution must be guided by mosaic selection. A survey of character differences between species belonging to 59 of the largest genera found in the California flora indicates that mosaic selection has played an important role in the evolution of modern species of angiosperms. Mosaic evolution has also taken place with respect to dinerent chromosomal and biochemical characteristics, as is evident from comparisons between morphological, chromosomal and biochemical differences. When the widespread Occurrence of mosaic evolution and of mosaic selection are recognized, two general principles emerge: the primitive or advanced nature of individual character states cannot be deduced solely on the basis of their correlation or association with other character states which are believed to be primitive or advanced; mosaic selection provides a strong basis for the conclusion that natural selection is the most basic process that converts changing population-environment interactions into evolutionary change.
How Narrow a Network Is Too Narrow

The second open-enrollment period for coverage through the Health Insurance Market place extends from November 15, 2014, to February 15, 2015; millions of people in the United States are once again choosing from a menu of plans. Although federal law dictates some aspects of the plans, shopping for coverage—even on health insurance exchanges that are well organized—can feel like little more than educated guesswork.
Changes in frequency content of inspiratory neuron and nerve activities in the course of inspiration

In decerebrate paralyzed cats, the spectra and coherences of inspiratory (I) nerve activities and of medullary I neuron discharges were compared between different stages of I. The correlated high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the activities had common time courses of frequency and strength, which were influenced by lung afferent input; whereas the time courses for the uncorrelated medium-frequency oscillations (MFOs) depended on individual activity patterns. These results indicate that HFOs are characteristic of the common I pattern generator, whereas MFOs are specific to individual activities.