cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identifying the presence and timing of discrete mood states prior to therapy

Abstract The present study tested a novel, person-specific method for identifying discrete mood profiles from time-series data, and examined the degree to which these profiles could be predicted by lagged mood and anxiety variables and time-based variables, including trends (linear, quadratic, cubic), cycles (12-hr, 24-hr, and 7-day), day of the week, and time of day. We analyzed ambulatory data from 45 individuals with mood and anxiety disorders prior to therapy. Data were collected four-times-daily for at least 30 days. Latent profile analysis was applied person-by-person to discretize each individual's continuous multivariate time series of rumination, worry, fear, anger, irritability, anhedonia, hopelessness, depressed mood, and avoidance. That is, each time point was classified according to its unique blend of emotional states, and latent classes representing discrete mood profiles were identified for each participant. We found that the modal number of latent classes per person was three (mean = 3.04, median = 3), with a range of two to four classes. After splitting each individual's time series into random halves for training and testing, we used elastic net regularization to identify the temporal and lagged predictors of each mood profile's presence or absence in the training set. Prediction accuracy was evaluated in the testing set. Across 127 models, the average area under the curve was 0.77, with sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.75. Brier scores indicated an average prediction accuracy of 83%.
Chapter 44 – Field lines in the Mandelbrot Set

Publisher Summary A technique for displaying color images of field lines surrounding the Mandelbrot Set using angle slicing decomposition and a “contrast color lookup table,” is described in the chapter. A modification of this method, which compensates for the spatial-frequency doubling inherent in angle-slicing decomposition, can produce black and white images that even more accurately portray the field lines. It would be interesting to have a simple way to display the “field lines” of hypothetical electric field, for the Mandelbrot set or for other images involving the level set method. A first approximation to these field lines may be obtained through binary decomposition.
Physical Design Automation for High-Density 3D Power Module Layout Synthesis and Optimization

With the on-going trend of electrification of transport, ultra-high-density power electronics with advanced 2.5D and 3D packaging are drawing attention. At present, the power module design is still a manual and time-consuming procedure. Floorplanning, placement, routing, and parasitic extraction need to be performed carefully to enhance performance without sacrificing reliability. Inspired by design automation tools for VLSI circuits, design automation tools for power electronics can dramatically reduce the engineering time and costs. As 3D power module fabrication is on the horizon to further improve power density, in this work, we present physical design algorithms to automate the 3D power module layout synthesis and optimization. Hierarchical corner stitch and constraint graphs are used to guarantee manufacturable layouts. Our algorithms are generic and scalable to integrate heterogeneous components with multiple devices and routing layers into a single power module. We demonstrate the improvement in the electro-thermal performance of a half-bridge 3D power module over a 2D counterpart. Also, the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms are demonstrated using real-world 3D power module designs.
Habitual use of vitamin D supplements and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a prospective study in UK Biobank.

Background Previous studies have related vitamin D supplementation to a lower risk of acute respiratory tract infection. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin D insufficiency is related to a higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Objectives We aimed to investigate the prospective association between habitual use of vitamin D supplements and risk of COVID-19 infection, and assess whether such an association differed according to the different levels of circulating and genetically predicted vitamin D. Methods This study included 8297 adults who have records of COVID-19 test results from UK Biobank (from 16 March 2020 to 29 June 2020). The use of vitamin D supplements, circulating vitamin D levels, and main covariates were measured at baseline (2006-2010). Genetically predicted vitamin D levels were evaluated by genetic risk score. Results After adjustment for covariates, the habitual use of vitamin D supplements was significantly associated with a 34% lower risk of COVID-19 infection (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.97; P = 0.034). Circulating vitamin D levels at baseline or genetically predicted vitamin D levels were not associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection. The association between the use of vitamin D supplements and the risk of COVID-19 infection did not vary according to the different levels of circulating or genetically predicted vitamin D (P-interactions = 0.75 and 0.74, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that habitual use of vitamin D supplements is related to a lower risk of COVID-19 infection, although we cannot rule out the possibility that the inverse association is due to residual confounding or selection bias. Further clinical trials are needed to verify these results.
Mitochondrial Origin of Cytosolic Protein Aggregation

One common consequence of cytosolic proteostasis stress is the formation of protein aggregates that are attached to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Although many cytosolic factors have been shown to regulate the aggregation of cytosolic proteins, it remains unknown why cytosolic protein aggregates are attached to the mitochondria. Here we show that in budding yeast, Tom70, a conserved receptor for mitochondrial import, nucleates the stress-induced aggregation of cytosolic proteins. Anchoring Tom70 or some of its substrates on the vacuole membrane converts this aggregate-free organelle into a primary site for the formation and attachment of cytosolic protein aggregates. This feature is rooted in the misfolding of some, but not all, Tom70 substrates in the cytosol. Our results suggest an unexpected mitochondrial origin of cytosolic protein aggregation.
Dissolution and drug release

Abstract The unique physiology of the lungs necessitates special considerations for developing a robust and discriminate dissolution method for orally inhaled drug products (OIDPs). Despite the importance of establishing a bio-relevant in vitro dissolution method that can adequately characterize the in vitro properties of OIDPs to promote drug development phase or be qualitatively and quantitatively translated to in vivo performance of OIDPs, there is no well-standardized dissolution method approved by regulatory agencies and pharmacopeias. However, a variety of in vitro dissolution systems have been developed or modified over the past two decades. This chapter underlines theory of dissolution, elemental concepts in dissolution, and reviews state of the art in experimental techniques to assess clinically relevant dissolution of OIDPs, including influential factors in dissolution process, dose collection from inhaled formulations, dissolution media, dissolution techniques, and modeling approaches to mathematically describe the dissolution kinetics and assign a rate to the observed dissolution profiles.
From expert to coach: health coaching to support behavior change within physical therapist practice.

Background: Negative health behaviors are a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and are responsible for 40-50% of the burden of disease in the US population. Physical therapists (PTs) have the capacity to effect behavior change in their patients to reduce their risk of disease and promote health. Competence in health behavior change is recommended for physical therapists. One way to achieve this competence is by learning and adopting a health coaching approach. Objectives: To provide a theoretical and practical approach to applying a health coaching approach in physical therapist clinical practice. Methods: 1) Describe a health coaching approach to facilitating behavior change; 2) present behavior change theories, communication strategies, and models underpinning health coaching; and 3) provide suggestions for ways PTs can integrate health coaching in clinical practice. Results: Health coaching is a dynamic and collaborative approach to health behavior change that harnesses the patient's or client's values and strengths to realize their goals for health. Conclusion: Adopting a health coaching approach may enhance adherence to physical therapists' recommendations as well as improve health outcomes.
Interfacial Interactions in 1D and 2D Nanostructure-Based Material Systems

One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures possess many extraordinary structural and physical/chemical properties, and are pursued for a number of innovative devices and material systems in nano science and engineering, such as nano electronics, sensors and composites. Due to their large surface-to-volume ratios, the interface in these nanostructure-based material systems plays important roles in their functionalities and performance. In this chapter, we review the fundamental knowledge of interfacial interactions and their roles in the structural and physical properties, and applications of 1D and 2D nanostructures, and survey the recent advances on the characterization of interfacial interactions in 1D and 2D nanostructure-based material systems.
Prospects of Hydrogen Production through Fusion

With approximately two-thirds of world energy needs supplied by petroleum and natural gas, the expected future shortage of these resources will lead to a need for substitute fuels early in the next century. Synthetic fuels produced by conversion of the relatively abundant resources of coal can be expected to play a major role in filling this need. These resources can be substantially extended, and the environmental impacts of the conversion process considerably reduced, if external sources of hydrogen and process heat are provided. Nuclear fusion is a future inexhaustible energy source which can provide both hydrogen and high-temperature process heat. Moreover, certain unique features of fusion suggest the possibility of significant increases in overall process efficiencies through operation at very high temperatures. Studies are underway on the feasibility of coupling high-temperature electrolysis and thermochemical cycle processes with a fusion reactor and thus achieving splitting of water by fusion energy.
Daniel Schreiber, Susan Sontag: A Biography. Trans. David Dollenmayer

Susan Sontag personified the public intellectual who was bewitched by full range of art and thought, high culture and low, fiction and film, with a special attention to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Europe. This biography, by a German journalist, is a reminder of what one voracious critic could accomplish, especially in the form of the learned essay, a vehicle for the exposition of ideas that she mastered.
Experimental verification of classical electromagnetically induced transparency in conductors

The effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in non-Ohmic conductors, based on the concepts of classical nonlinear optics has been studied theoretically. We report an experimental demonstration of this effect within the mid-IR wavelength range. A low-dispersion semiconductor, i.e. ZnTe, and a highly dispersive gold film were subjected to bichromatic parametric irradiation and when specific phase matching conditions are satisfied, experimental evidence for a strong signature of EIT was found.
Investing in Adoptive Families

ABSTRACT Children who have been adopted through the child welfare system often have significant challenges regarding adjustment issues, psychological scars, and relational deficits. Post-adoption services can be instrumental in helping parents weather the storm of caring for a special needs adopted child and preventing adoption failure. Given that adoption preservation services can aid in the prevention of negative adoption outcomes, this qualitative study aims to discern from adoptive parents' own experience and voice, how adoption preservation services were helpful to their parenting success.
On distributed system management

Device failures, performance inefficiencies, improper allocation of resources, security compromises, and accounting are some of the problems associated with the operations of distributed systems. Effective management requires monitoring, interpreting and controlling the behavior of the distributed system resources, both hardware and software. Current management systems pursue a platform-centered paradigm, where agents monitor the system and collect data, which can be accessed by applications via management protocols. Some of the fundamental limitations of this paradigm include limited scalability, micromanagement, and semantic heterogeneity. We propose an alternative model, Management by Delegation, and contrast its properties via an application example, evaluating the health of a Distributed System.
Handbook of Nutrition in the Aged

NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR HEALTH IN THE AGED Nutrition and Electrolytes in the Elderly, M.J. Moseley Vitamins and Health in Older Persons, D.R. Thomas Undernutrition and Refeeding in Elderly Subjects, P. Brocker and S.M. Schneider NUTRITION AND PROMOTION OF HEALTH Nutrition and the Geriatric Surgery Patient, S. Winkler, M.C. Bogert, and C.K. Herman The Role of Micronutrients in Preventing Infections in the Elderly, A. El-Kadiki Antioxidants and Heart Disease, V. Juturu and V. Sriramoju Cardiometabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Oxidative Stress: Focus on the Aging Population, H. Yassine and C.S. Stump Calcium and Vitamin D in Aging Populations, Z. Chen and J. Stanaway Lipid Absorption in Aging, L. Drozdowski, C. Lordache, T. Woudstra, and A.B.R. Thomson Caffeine and the Older Person, H.A. Wynne Vitamin K and Health in the Aged, J. Truong and S.L. Booth The Role of Diet in Slowing or Accelerating Aging, S. Hosseini and R. Ghiasvand Nutrition and Cancer Prevention: An Overview, E.B. Trujillo and J.A. Milner BIOACTIVE FOODS AS NUTRIENTS IN HEALTH PROMOTION Potential Role of Resveratrol in Preventing Inflammation and Diseases Associated with Obesity and Aging, K. LaPoint and M.K. McIntosh Health Benefits of Phytochemicals for Older Adults, G. Noratto, R. Walzem, L. Pacheco, and S.U. Mertens-Talcott Management of Insulin Resistance with Chinese Herbs, J. Ye and J. Yin Nutritional Antioxidants and Prevention of Cataract, W.G. Christen Herbal Treatment of Ischemia, B. Lin FRUITS AND VEGETABLES TO PREVENT ILLNESS Can Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Oppose the Negative Health Effects of Tobacco?, E. Kellen and G.E. Bekkering Weight Loss in Elderly People, A. Aparicio, L. M* Bermejo, E. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, and R.M. Ortega Food Intake Regulation and Aging, R.B. McDonald and J. Coppola
Repetitive tachycardia: A review of 40 cases with no demonstrable heart disease

Abstract Forty cases of repetitive supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia occurring in the absence of organic heart disease were reviewed, and their clinical features discussed. Symptoms were few; some cases were completely asymptomatic. Refractoriness to drug therapy was characteristic. The incidence of congestive heart failure in the group as a whole was 13 per cent. Sudden death occurred in 1 of 11 cases of repetitive supraventricular tachycardia and in 3 of 29 cases of repetitive ventricular tachycardia; however, postmortem examinations were not reported in these cases, and the cause of death remains entirely speculative.
ASPEN: A Stream Processing Environment

In this paper, we describe ASPEN, a concurrent stream processing environment. ASPEN is novel in that it provides a programming model in which programmers use simple annotations to exploit varying degrees and types of concurrency. The degree of concurrency to be exploited is not fixed by the program specification or by the underlying system. Increasing or decreasing the degree of concurrency to be exploited during execution does not require rewriting the entire program, but rather, simply re-annotating it.
The Impact of Color on Warnings Research

Researchers have examined a variety of attributes that influence a warning's ability to communicate important product hazards. These attributes include font type, signal words, and the use of icons. One attribute that has been noticeably absent from the warnings literature is color. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the appropriateness of achromatic stimuli in product warning research. Thirty-three undergraduate students rated color and achromatic versions of twelve labels. These labels varied across four levels of product class and three levels of signal word. All labels were evaluated on six attributes: salience, readability, hazardousness, likelihood of injury, carefulness, and familiarity. A composite variable called “perceived hazard” was formed from the averaged ratings of hazardousness, carefulness, and likelihood of injury. Moreover, an additional variable “perceived readability” was composed of the mean ratings of readability and saliency. Results showed that color labe...
Hemingway's The garden of Eden : twenty-five years of criticism

First book-length study of the novel that transformed Hemingway scholarshipWhen The Garden of Eden appeared in 1986, roughly twenty-five years after Ernest Hemingway s death, it was a watershed event that changed readers and scholars perceptions of the famous American author. Following five months in the life of protagonist David Bourne, a rising young writer of fiction, and his highly intelligent but artistically frustrated wife, Catherine, the novel is unique among Hemingway s works. Its exploration of gender roles and identities, unconventional sexual practices, race, and artistic expression challenged the traditional notions scholars and readers had of the iconic writer, and it sparked a debate that has revolutionized Hemingway studies.Suzanne del Gizzo and Frederic J. Svoboda have collected the best essays and reviews pieces that examine the novel s themes, its composition and structure, and the complex issue of editing a manuscript for posthumous publication and placed them in a single, cohesive volume.
Histaminergic tuberomammillary neuron loss in multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies

Histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus are critical for maintenance of wakefulness and participate in basal ganglia modulation and sympathoexcitation. All of these functions are affected in multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies.To determine the involvement of histaminergic neurons in these synucleinopathies.Immunocytochemical staining for histidine decarboxylase and stereological cell counts in the posterolateral hypothalamus from six cases with multiple system atrophy, six with dementia with Lewy bodies, and five healthy controls.Compared with healthy controls, significant reduction of histaminergic neurons was found both in multiple system atrophy (total estimated cell count, 94,677 ± 5,521 vs. 169,579 ± 12,443; P < 0.001) and in dementia with Lewy bodies (91,110 ± 13,021 vs. 169,579 ± 12,443; P < 0.001).Loss of tuberomammillary histaminergic neurons could potentially contribute to motor, sleep, and autonomic manifestations of both multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Economics of Radio Blanket License: Format, Region, and Market Size

In this chapter, we take a look at one of the sources of income for a PRO, the licensing fees paid by one set of music users, commercial radio stations. PROs deduct a percentage off the licensing fees collected to cover the administrative costs of music copyright licensing. The remaining amount is then distributed to songwriters, composers, and publishers as income from music performances. The income for PROs, songwriters, composers, and publishers are dependent on many factors affecting the radio blanket license fees paid by music users. It is, therefore, important to understand the determinants that drive the licensing fee income. An econometric model has been developed that looks at the fee structure involved in the radio blanket license, and explains the variation of the blanket fees in terms of radio format, station owners, region, market size, and recorded plays.
Modification of structure and magnetic anisotropy of epitaxial CoFe2O4 films by hydrogen reduction

Heteroepitaxial CoFe2O4 (CFO) thin films with different thicknesses were deposited on MgO (001) substrates. The as-deposited CFO films show a clear switching of magnetic anisotropy with increasing film thickness. The thinner films (<100 nm) show a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to the out-of-plane compressive strain. The thicker films exhibit an in-plane easy axis owing to the dominating shape anisotropy effect. The magnetostriction coefficient of CFO films is estimated to be λ[001] = −188 × 10−6. Metallic CoFe2 films were obtained by annealing the as-deposited CFO films in forming gas (Ar 93% + H2 7%) at 450 °C. XRD shows that CoFe2 films are textured out-of-plane and aligned in-plane, owing to lattice matching between CoFe2 and MgO substrate. TEM results indicate that as-deposited films are continuous while the annealed films exhibit a nanopore mushroom structure. The magnetic anisotropy of CoFe2 films is dominated by the shape effect. The results demonstrate that hydrogen reduction can be effect...
Synthesis and evaluation of glycosylated octreotate analogues labeled with radioiodine and 211At via a tin precursor.

Carbohydration of N-terminus and substitution of a threonine for the threoninol residue at the C-terminus of Tyr3-octreotide (TOC) has resulted in improved pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting of its radioiodinated derivatives. Yet, these peptides are very susceptible to in vivo deiodination due to the similarity of monoiodotyrosine (MIT) to thyroid hormone. The goal of this work was to develop octreotate analogues containing both a sugar moiety and a nontyrosine prosthetic group on which a radioiodine or 211At can be introduced. Solid-phase synthesis and subsequent modifications delivered an iodo standard of the target peptide Nα-(1-deoxy-d-fructosyl)-Ne-(3-iodobenzoyl)-Lys0-octreotate (GIBLO) and the corresponding tin precursor Nα-(1-deoxy-d-fructosyl)-Ne-[(3-tri-n-butylstannyl)benzoyl]-Lys0-octreotate (GTBLO). GIBLO displaced [125I]TOC from somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (SSTR2)-positive AR42J rat pancreatic tumor cell membranes with an IC50 of 0.46 ± 0.05 nM suggesting that GIBLO retained affinity to...
Project safety as a sustainable competitive advantage.

Abstract Introduction: To be consistently profitable, a construction company must complete projects in scope, on schedule, and on budget. At the same time, the nature of the often high-risk work performed by construction companies can result in high accident rates. Clients and other stakeholders are placing increasing pressure on companies to decrease those accident rates. Clients routinely demand copies of safety plans and evidence of past results at the “pre-qualification” or “request for proposal” stages of the procurement process. Are high accident rates and the associated costs just a part of business? Findings: Companies that deliver on scope, schedule, and budget have a competitive advantage. Is it possible for projects with low accident rates to use it as a competitive advantage? Is the value added by safety just a temporary or parity issue, or does a successful safety program offer significant advantage to the company and the client? Impact on Industry: This article concludes that in the case of a high-risk industry, such as the construction industry, an organization with a successful safety program can promote safety performance as a sustainable competitive advantage. It is a choice the company can make.
The use of a pragmatic protocol with normal preschool children.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine thee use of language functions in a structured setting in normal preschool children. Subjects were 240 males and females between the ages of two and five years. Results indicated statistically significant differences in the appropriateness of responses among several different age groups. The results are discussed relative to the assessment of the preschool child with a possible language disorder.
Family structure instability and mobility: The consequences for adolescents’ problem behavior

Abstract Adolescents who experience changes in parents’ union status are more likely than adolescents in stable family structures to engage in problem behavior. We ask whether the link between family structure transitions and problem behavior in adolescence may be explained in part by the residential and school mobility that co-occur with family structure change. Our analysis uses nationally-representative data from a two-generation study to assess the relative effects of family instability and mobility on the self-reported problem behavior of adolescents who were 12–17 years old in 2006. Residential and school mobility only minimally attenuate the association of family structure changes with behavior problems for younger girls and older adolescents. Exposure to peer pressure has a larger attenuating effect. We conclude that although mobility often co-occurs with family structure change, it has independent effects on problem behavior.
Molecular characterization of a CD95 signaling mutant

OBJECTIVE To study the intracellular signaling events associated with ligation of the surface receptor CD95. METHODS A mutant clone of Jurkat T cells, DD3, which fails to transmit apoptotic signals through CD95, was selected for study. Surface expression of CD95 and the primary nucleotide sequence of CD95, as well as the functional effects of a mutant CD95 molecule found in DD3, were examined. RESULTS DD3, while exhibiting impaired ability to undergo apoptosis after CD95 ligation, retained the ability to die after ultraviolet light stimulation. A CD95 complementary DNA (cDNA) cloned from DD3 encoded a mutant transmembrane protein lacking the carboxy-terminal "death domain." Western blotting confirmed the presence of both wild-type and mutant CD95 protein in DD3. Transfection of the mutant CD95 cDNA into parental Jurkat cells conferred protection from CD95-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION A mutant CD95 receptor lacking the cytoplasmic "death domain" can interfere with wild-type receptor function in T cells.
Low-Reynolds-number turbulent channel flows

An analysis - valid for the flow of incompressible fluids through closed and open channels - of the maintenance of the Reynolds stresses, which starts from the Navier-Stokes and mass conservation equations, is applied to steady, two-dimensional, fully developed, low-Reynolds-number turbulent channel flows. The approach adopted considers the Reynolds stresses to depend on the structure of the turbulent components over the entire flow field. As a result of the analysis, the distributions of the mean velocity, the Reynolds stress and the turbulence intensities are found in the inner and outer region in which the shear flow is divided. By matching the solutions in the two regions, new uniform approximations for the distributions are obtained. The derived profiles are compared with available experimental data and the agreement is found to be satisfactory.
Species composition and abundance of copepods in the morphologically cryptic genus Pseudocalanus in the Bering Sea

Abstract Copepods in the genus Pseudocalanus are abundant in temperate-boreal waters of the Northern Hemisphere. However, their relative distributions are not well known because many species are morphologically cryptic. Here, Pseudocalanus species abundance and distribution in the southeastern Bering Sea from March to June, 2010, were determined using samples spanning the middle (50–100 m depth) and outer (>100 m depth) shelf domains. Based on analysis of mitochondrial COI sequences of 637 adult females, four species were identified; two are temperate (Pseudocalanus mimus, Pseudocalanus newmani) and two arctic (Pseudocalanus minutus, Pseudocalanus acuspes). Average genetic divergence among species was 14.7±4%. Species abundance and distribution differed significantly between the outer and middle shelf domains. For example, the temperate species P. mimus was more abundant in the outer shelf domain of the SE Bering Sea, while the arctic species P. acuspes was more abundant in the middle shelf domain. Genetic diversity within species varied. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were higher in temperate than arctic species. No genetic structure was observed in the temperate species P. newmani or the arctic P. minutus across the outer and middle shelf domains, suggesting high levels of gene flow and connectivity across the shelf. Differences in the abundance, distribution and genetics among Pseudocalanus species in the Bering Sea highlight their unique ecological dynamics and evolutionary histories and suggest that they may have distinct responses to future environmental change.
Growth and Normal Puberty

We reviewed the growth characteristics of American boys and girls from published studies, including age at takeoff, age at peak height velocity, peak height velocity, duration of puberty, and the magnitude of the pubertal contribution to adult height. Age at takeoff is highly variable and sex-dependent. The mean takeoff age in children growing at an average rate is approximately 11 years in boys and 9 years in girls, and peak height velocity occurs at a mean age of 13.5 years and 11.5 years, respectively, in these children. Whole-year peak height velocity is 9.5 cm/y in boys and 8.3 cm/y in girls, with slight variations in the different studies. The contribution of pubertal growth to final height is approximately 30 to 31 cm in boys, accounting for 17% to 18% of the final height, and 27.5 to 29 cm in girls, accounting for 17% of the final height. The magnitude of pubertal growth has a negative correlation with age at takeoff, but no correlation with final height. Age at takeoff, however, correlates highly with pubertal stage, but correlates negatively with duration of puberty.
Plasma and Erythrocyte Magnesium in Thyroid Disease

Serial determinations of plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were made before and during therapy in 13 hyperthyroid and 12 hypothyroid patients. Plasma magnesium concentrations were initially subnormal in 7 hyperthyroid patients and returned to normal as a response to antithyroid therapy became manifest. In 6 normomagnesemic hyperthyroid patients, plasma magnesium concentrations also tended to increase with therapy. Six hypothyroid patients had supranormal plasma magnesium concentrations prior to therapy. These returned to normal with treatment in 5 patients, but one subject showed a persistent elevation of the plasma magnesium concentration despite a satisfactory response to therapy. A decrease in plasma magnesium concentrations also occurred in the 6 normomagnesemic hypothyroid patients. Pretreatment erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were subnormal in 6 hyperthyroid and one hypothyroid patient. The response of erythrocyte magnesium concentrations to therapy was unpredictable, and increase...
On the development of nonlinear waves in the equatorial electrojet

Abstract Theories for the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) have been notoriously difficult to resolve with data. Two of these problems were solved recently and another is discussed in this publication. We initially review solutions to the first two issues: the constant phase velocity of 3 m waves in the EEJ with zenith angle and the disagreement between the observed and calculated altitude of the EEJ current. One remaining problem is the nonlinear nature of large-scale waves in the electrojet that appear as square waves. One possibility is the conversion of free energy into ion acoustic waves, which limits the large-scale wave amplitude to the threshold for producing such waves. Another is the breaking of large-scale waves when the perturbation velocity internal to the wave approaches the wave phase velocity.
Individual Vessel Quota Price‐induced Effects for Canadian Pacific Halibut: Before and After Alaska IFQs

Two significant management changes have affected the British Columbia Pacific halibut fishery. The first was the implementation of the British Columbia individual vessel quota (IVQ) program in 1991, which tended to increase ex vessel prices. The second was Alaska's decision to follow its own individual fishery quota program in 1995, which tended to decrease British Columbia ex vessel prices. In a previous journal paper, the market driven ex vessel price increases for the British Columbia IVQ halibut fishery was estimated for 1991–1994. This paper examines the price- induced effects from 1995 to 1998 and quantifies how much of the previous price-induced IVQ increases remained after Alaska went to IFQs. Results indicate that approximately one-half of the price advantages of the British Columbia IVQ system was lost after Alaska went to the IFQs. However, a substantial revenue advantage remains, with the revenues estimated to have been $16.1 million higher during 1995–98 than would have occurred if both the British Columbia and Alaska had not put the individual quota programs into place. This brings the estimated total eight-year British Columbia Pacific halibut revenue increase due to IVQs at $39.5 million. Deux grands changements de gestion ont bouleverse le secteur de la peche du fletan du Pacifique en Colombie-Britannique. Le premier a ete la mise en place, en 1991, du contingent individuel de prises par vaisseau (IVQ) qui a eu pour effet general d'accroitre les prix du poisson au debarquement. Le deuxieme a ete l‘adoption par l'Alaska en 1995 de son propre programme de contingent individuel de peche, qui a eu en general un effet negatif sur les prix des poissons debarques en Colombie- Britannique. L'avantage du programme IVQ etait qu'il permettait de mettre en marche un produit de meilleure qualite durant la presque totalite de l'annee. Dans un article precedent, nous examinions les effets des prix resultant du programme IVQ pour les annees 1991 a 1994. Nous examinons id les effets pour les annees 1995 a 1998 et nous quantifions la pan des accroissements d'IVQ generes par les prix qui subsistait apres que l'Alaska ait adopte son propre regime. Il semble qu'approximativement la moitie de l‘avantage de prix obtenu par le regime IVQ de la Colombie-Britannique ait ete perdue avec l'entree en application du regime de l'Alaska. Il reste encore, cependant, des avantages subtantiels, comme en fait foi le niveau plus eleve des revenus de la peche du fletan, qui ont ete de 16,1 millions de dollars canadiens plus eleves dans la periode 1995–1998 que si aucun des deux regimes de contingentement n'avait pas ete mis en place. L'accroissement global pour la Colombie-Britannique des recettes tirees de la peche du fletan du Pacifique depuis l'adoption du IVQ en 1991 s'etablit donc a 39,5 millions de dollars canadiens.
CO2 bubble nucleation in polystyrene: Experimental and modeling studies

Polymer foams are used extensively in a variety of applications. A firm understanding of bubble nucleation is vital to predict foam properties based on process conditions. However, a number of theoretical and experimental challenges have thus far limited progress in this area. We propose the use of a scaling theory to connect nucleation behavior to well understood bulk phase behavior of polystyrene-CO2 systems, which can be predicted by equations of state, such as the Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state. Scaling theory of nucleation asserts that when the reversible work of critical nucleus formation is properly normalized and plotted against the normalized degree of supersaturation, the resulting scaling curve is insensitive to temperature and the materials being used. Once the form of the scaling function is known, it can be used to predict the nucleation barrier knowing only the initial foaming conditions and calculating only bulk thermodynamic values. Using an extension of diffuse interface theory, we determined the slope of the scaling curve near saturation. This initial slope allows us to constrain the scaling function for better predictions of the reversible work. We also performed a series of experiments to help verify the accuracy of the scaling theory. The scaled free energy barriers determined from our experiments are consistent with the scaling function so constructed, and our theoretical results qualitatively agree with those found previously. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Sarcoma developing in an old burn scar

Abstract A case of fibrosarcoma developing on an old ulceration in a burn scar of forty-nine years' duration, is reported. The tumor was treated by wide endotherm excision followed by thick split skin grafts. The patient remained completely well for nine months, before developing anaplastic metastases to the inguinal and iliac nodes. The metastases were temporarily controlled by radiation therapy, and the patient showed no evidence of disease for four months after treatment. Diffuse general metastases occurred after this period, however, and the patient succumbed nineteen months following his original operation. Carcinoma developing in burn scars is not uncommon, but sarcoma is extremely rare as we were unable to find another reported case, verified histologically.
Differential chemokine response of fibroblast subtypes to complement C1q.

Background and Objective: The pathogenesis of periodontitis includes an inappropriate activation of the classical complement cascade (C′) with accumulation of inflammatory C′ products in fluids and tissues. Our hypothesis is that in vivo the C′ product, C1q, may act as a regulatory component of the innate immune response of distinct matrix fibroblasts to the inflammatory environment. This study analyzed the C1q induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in fibroblast subtypes derived from distinct periodontal tissues, and identified a mechanism of the cell response. Material and Methods: Primary human gingival fibroblast, periodontal ligament fibroblast, and granulation tissue fibroblast cultures were treated for 24 h with C1q. Protein arrays assessed the secretory profile of constitutive and C1q-inducible pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to quantify the kinetics of each inducible cytokine. Results: Granulation tissue fibroblast cultures were unresponsive to C1q challenge. In contrast, periodontal ligament fibroblasts responded with a release of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β higher than the basal level by 8.2-, 7.0-, 3.8-, and 7.2-fold, respectively. Human gingival fibroblast cultures increased secretion of these chemokines by 5.2-, 4.5-, 3.0-, and 9.8-fold, respectively. Inhibitor studies revealed that C1q-inducible release of chemokines by the human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament cultures was contingent upon p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Conclusion: The ability of C1q to stimulate secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines depends upon which specific fibroblast subtype is involved. Targeting C1q-activated intracellular signaling pathways may be an effective means to inhibit the production of chemokines that promote inflammatory cell infiltration into gingival and periodontal ligament tissues.
Visualizing disease incidence in the context of socioeconomic factors

Certain biological factors such as genetics, physical fitness, and lifestyle have been shown to influence an individual's risk of acquiring disease. But are there are other socioeconomic factors that influence disease incidence as well? In this paper, we introduce a visualization tool called Disease Trends that explores the associations and possible correlations between specific economic (personal income per capita), educational (percentage of adult population with a four year college degree), and environmental (air pollution level) factors with diabetes prevalence and cancer incidence rates across counties throughout the United States. It is structured as an interactive geographical visualization that displays disease incidence data as an interactive choropleth map and connects it with coordinated views of the socioeconomic variables for each county as the user scrolls over it. Additionally, the ability to compare and contrast counties as well as to interactively specify a region for comparison allows further examination of the data. This results in an informative overview of disease incidence trends that allows users to spot areas of interest and potentially pursue these areas further with more scientific research.
Traditional medicines: bridging the gaps for a better future

The use of traditional medicines has provided a crucial support and health system to millions of people around the globe for centuries past and this continues to the present day. In some countries, less than 20% of the population has access to basic generic medicines or healthcare. This highlights the need for a global initiative, such as the World Health Organization’s Millenium Development Goals. This includes fighting child weight deficit, providing access to essential medicines, and treating diseases that significantly impact the health of the community, such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, malaria, and tuberculosis.
Beam-phase measurement studies

A non-intercepting system was developed for measuring the phaseof the internal beam of a cyclotron with respect to the r.f. voltage on the dee. The system has been used during initial tests of the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron to improve the isochronous field shape. It will also be used in beam studies and during operation to provide data to improve the computed setting of the trimming coils. Beam pulses are detected on an electrostatic pickup probe. The differentiated waveform is presented on a sampling oscilloscope from which the width and shape of the beam pulse can be deduced. The system is sensitive to average beam currents to below 10 μA; average beam currents up to 1 mA have been observed. The precision of phase measurement can extend to 2 deg at 22.5 Mc/sec. The probe design criteria, circuitry, and some results are discussed.
Gluon contributions to the pion mass and light-cone-momentum fraction

We calculate the matrix elements of the gluonic contributions to the energy-momentum tensor for a pion of mass 600<M{sub {pi}}<1100 MeV in quenched lattice QCD. We find that gluons contribute (37{+-}8{+-}12)% of the pion's light-cone momentum. The bare matrix elements corresponding to the trace anomaly contribution to the pion mass are also obtained. The discretizations of the energy-momentum tensor we use have other promising applications, ranging from calculating the origin of hadron spin to QCD thermodynamics.
Process dependent Sivers function and implication for single spin asymmetry in inclusive hadron production

Abstract We study the single transverse spin asymmetries in the single inclusive particle production within the framework of the generalized parton model (GPM). By carefully analyzing the initial- and final-state interactions, we include the process-dependence of the Sivers functions into the GPM formalism. The modified GPM formalism has a close connection with the collinear twist-3 approach. Within the new formalism, we make predictions for inclusive π 0 and direct photon productions at RHIC energies. We find the predictions are opposite to those in the conventional GPM approach.
The intersection of racial profiling research and the law

There has been a significant increase in the litigation of selective enforcement cases based on racial profiling claims. This trend has resulted in two legal issues that are problematic for racial profiling research. First, selective enforcement claims that rely on statistical evidence must successfully measure “similarly situated persons” who were eligible for police stops to provide a comparison against those actually stopped by police. Second, the research must demonstrate “how much” statistical evidence of racial/ethnic disparities exists. Although these legal components are necessary for successful selective enforcement claims, the methodologies and statistical analyses currently used in racial profiling research cannot adequately address these issues. It is argued that the over-reliance on social science research, in general, and statistical techniques, specifically, to provide evidence of discrimination in selective enforcement cases places policing research and legal decision making at a crossroads.
ECDYSONE 20-MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITY DURING LARVAL-PUPAL-ADULT DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA SEXTA

Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase is the insect cytochrome P-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase system responsible for the conversion of ecdysone to 20-hydroxyecdysone. Using an in vitro radioassay, the levels of ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity were quantified during embryogenesis in the egg, and in the fat body and midgut tissues during the fourth larval, fifth larval, and pupal-pharate adult stadia of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta. Although basal, ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity was detected during the latter stages of larval embryogenesis. Postembryologically, a single major peak or increase was detected in both fat body and midgut tissues during each stadium. In the fourth larval instar, both fat body and midgut ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activities were found to peak in the latter half of the stadium at the time of spiracle apolysis; both activities dropped to basal levels by the time of ecdysis. During the fifth larval stadium, fat body steroid hydroxylase activity was found to rise during the feeding stage (days 1–4), then dropped back to basal levels by the onset of pharate pupal development on day 7 of the stadium. Midgut monoooxygenase activity during the fifth larval stadium, however, remained basal during the feeding stage, then rose dramatically to peak on day 5 with the onset of wandering, then dropped back to basal levels by the onset of pharate pupal development. Both fat body and midgut hydroxylase activities were basal during the pupal stage and only rose late in pharate-adult development, just prior to adult eclosion. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 41:24–32, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
777-4 Relationship Between Fluoroscopy Duration, Ablation Target, and Success During Catheter Ablation Procedures

Radiation exposure is an important risk during ablation (abl) procedures. To determine the relationship between the target arrhythmia, fluoroscopy time (fluoro), and the success of abl procedures we analyzed data from 450 patients in the Atakr multicenter clinical study(217 F, 233 M, 38 ± 21 yrs). Target arrhythmias included AVNRT (154 pts), the AV junction (54 pts, AVJ), and 241 accessory pathway (APs). Results Similar success was achieved during abl of APs, AVNRT. and the AVJ (93%, 98%, and 94% respectively, p g 0.1). In contrast, fluoro time was greater during abl of APs than during abl of AVNRT or the AVJ (62 ± 48, versus 31 ± 29 a 36 ± 24 min, p l 0.05). Cumulative success of catheter abl of APs rose rapidly during the first 90 min of fluoro exposure and then plateaued. In contrast. cumulative success during abl of the AVJ and AVNRT plateaued after 40 and 70 min. Concl Similar success can be achieved during abl of APs, AVNRT. and the AVJ, but greater fluoro is needed during abl of APs. Resultant radiation risk should be considered when determining an appropriate termination point. Download : Download high-res image (85KB) Download : Download full-size image