cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hip fracture in elderly women and reproductive history.

Data routinely collected by nursing homes were used to examine the relationship between hip fracture and reproductive history as reflected by total number of living children. Recently interest has centered on exogenous estrogens and their effect on fractures in post-menopausal women; little attention has been given to endogenous factors. Among ever married women 65 years of age and older, a statistically significant inverse relationship between number of living children and the diagnosis of hip fracture was found. Among those of high parity (4 or more living children) the risk of hip fracture is 8% compared with 16% among those with 0 to 3 living children. The relative odds are 2.08 with 95% confidence interval (1.12, 3.84). These preliminary results using nursing home data have encouraged us to pursue the investigation of reproductive characteristics and their relation to fractures in post-menopausal women, using more refined measures than total number of living children, as well as taking into account possibly confounding factors such as race, weight, diet, smoking, activity level and use of exogenous estrogens. Language: en
Immune reconstitution syndrome and fungal infections

Purpose of reviewFungal infections-related immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) poses challenging diagnostic and management issues in immunocompromised hosts. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding its pathophysiologic basis, presentation, and treatment strategies.Recent fin
Sweet or dangerous: a hazard of sugar

Molasses is used by the feed mill industry as an additive for livestock feed products. In addition to making the feedstock more palatable for the livestock, it also acts as an adhesive for forming ...
Extended Strips Domain

The strips world is larger than the other domains; it includes ten object types and twenty-three operators (Figures 3.38-3.41). We have tested S haper with two linear and one nonlinear gain functions (Figure 12.1).
Social Structure, Adversity, Toxic Stress, and Intergenerational Poverty: An Early Childhood Model

Why are children of poor parents more likely to be poor as adults than other children? Early-childhood adversities resulting from social structures and relationships impact children's bodily systems and brain development through recurrent stress. These socially patterned biological processes influence social reproduction. Social support and interventions can prevent or compensate for the early biological effects of toxic social environments. This article integrates sociological, neuroscience, epigenetic, and psychological evidence to build a model of early-childhood developmental mechanisms contributing to intergenerational poverty. This model captures ways in which social structures interact with biological characteristics and systems to shape life trajectories.
In-situ X-ray CT results of damage evolution in L6 ordinary chondrite meteorites

These are slides about in-situ X-ray CT results of damage evolution in L6 ordinary chondrite meteorites. The following topics are covered: mechanical and thermal damage characterization, list of Grosvenor Mountain (GRO) meteorite samples, in-situ x-ray compression test setup, GRO-chipped reference at 0 N - existing cracks, GRO-chipped loaded at 1580 N, in-situ x-ray thermal fatigue test setup, GRO-B14 room temperature reference, GRO-B14 Cycle 47 at 200°C, GRO-B14 Cycle 47 at room temperature, conclusions from qualitative analysis, future work and next steps. Conclusions are the following: Both GRO-Chipped and GRO-B14 had existing voids and cracks within the volume. These sites with existing damage were selected for CT images from mechanically and thermally loaded scans since they are prone to damage initiation. The GRO-Chipped sample was loaded to 1580 N which resulted in a 14% compressive engineering strain, calculated using LVDT. Based on the CT cross sectional images, the GRO-B14 sample at 200°C has a thermal expansion of approximately 96 μm in height (i.e. ~1.6% engineering strain).
Enforcing Labor Standards in Partnership with Civil Society: Can Co-enforcement Succeed Where the State Alone Has Failed?:

Over the last decade, cities, counties, and states across the United States have enacted higher minimum wages, paid sick leave and family leave, domestic worker protections, wage theft laws, “Ban t...
Response Elimination in Elementary and Special Education School Children

Elementary and special education students received training on a variable-ratio reinforcement schedule and were then switched to one of three response-elimination procedures: extinction training, omission training, or gradual omission training. Omission training eliminated responding more effectively than did extinction training; however, the gradual omission training procedure reduced responding more rapidly and efficiently than did either omission training or extinction training. These results occurred in both subject populations.
Effect of lactate and pyruvate on cerebrocortical microcirculation and NAD/NADH redox state.

In the past, several humoral vasodilatators, like H+, K+, adenosine, lactate, etc., have been suggested being responsible for the coupling between cerebral blood flow CCBF) and metabolism2,10,11,12,13. However, the exact mechanism of coupling is still obscure.The concentration of some of these vasodilatator substances is either not altered (Wahl and Kuschinsky17 and Winn et al.21: H+ and K+ concentrations in the perivascular space of pial arteries and cerebral adenosine content during moderate arterial hypotension) or altered later than CBF (Astrup et al.1 and Morii et al.12: H+, K+ and lactate concentrations during arterial hypoxia), or their increase can not explain entirely the elevation of CBF (Astrup et al.1, Dora et al.7, and Winn et al.21: K+ and adenosine concentrations during arterial hypoxia and epileptic seizures).Because it has been demonstrated that H+, K+, and adenosine are potent dilatators of the pial arteries2,11,16, but such data were not available for lactate, we investigated the vasodilatating efficacy of lactate.
Unconventional quantum Hall effects in two-dimensional massive spin-1 fermion systems

Unconventional fermions with high degeneracies in three dimensions beyond Weyl and Dirac fermions have sparked tremendous interest in condensed matter physics. Here, we study quantum Hall effects (QHEs) in a two-dimensional unconventional fermion system with a pair of gapped spin-1 fermions. We find that the original unlimited number of zero-energy Landau levels in the gapless case develops into a series of bands, leading to a novel QHE phenomenon where the Hall conductance first decreases (or increases) to 0 and then revives as an infinite ladder of fine staircase when the Fermi surface is moved toward zero energy, and it suddenly reverses, with its sign being flipped, due to a Van Hove singularity when the Fermi surface is moved across 0. We further investigate the peculiar QHEs in a dice model with a pair of spin-1 fermions, which agree well with the results of the continuous model.
Circulating microRNAs in patients with hormone receptor-positive, metastatic breast cancer treated with dovitinib

Serial analysis of biomarkers in the circulation of patients undergoing treatment (“liquid biopsies”) can provide new insights into drug effects. In particular the analysis of cell-free, circulating nucleic acids such as microRNAs (miRs) can reveal altered expression patterns indicative of mechanism of drug action, cancer growth, and tumor–stroma interactions. Here we analyzed plasma miRs in patients with hormone receptor positive, metastatic breast cancer with prior disease progression during aromatase inhibitor therapy (n = 8) in a phase I/II trial with the multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor dovitinib (TKI258). Plasma miR levels were measured by quantitative RT-qPCR before and after treatment with dovitinib. A candidate miR signature of drug response was established from a 379 miR screen for detectable plasma miRs as well as from the published literature. Changes in miR expression patterns and tumor sizes were compared. In this analysis we identified miR-21-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-375 and miR-424-5p as potential indicators of a response to dovitinib. The altered expression patterns observed for the six circulating miRs separated patients with resistant disease from those with drug responsive disease. There was no relationship between adverse effects of dovitinib treatment and identifiable changes in miR patterns. We conclude that changes in the expression patterns of circulating miRs can be indicators of drug responses that merit prospective studies for validation.
Transcription elongation rate affects nascent histone pre-mRNA folding and 3′ end processing

Transcription elongation rate influences cotranscriptional pre-mRNA maturation, but how such kinetic coupling works is poorly understood. The formation of nonadenylated histone mRNA 3' ends requires recognition of an RNA structure by stem-loop-binding protein (SLBP). We report that slow transcription by mutant RNA polymerase II (Pol II) caused accumulation of polyadenylated histone mRNAs that extend past the stem-loop processing site. UV irradiation, which decelerates Pol II elongation, also induced long poly(A)+ histone transcripts. Inhibition of 3' processing by slow Pol II correlates with failure to recruit SLBP to histone genes. Chemical probing of nascent RNA structure showed that the stem-loop fails to fold in transcripts made by slow Pol II, thereby explaining the absence of SLBP and failure to process 3' ends. These results show that regulation of transcription speed can modulate pre-mRNA processing by changing nascent RNA structure and suggest a mechanism by which alternative processing could be controlled.
Dissociation of Puberty and Adolescent Social Development in a Seasonally Breeding Species

Alongside the development of sexual characteristics and reproductive competence, adolescents undergo marked cognitive, social, and emotional development [1]. A fundamental question is whether these changes are triggered by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis at puberty (puberty dependent) or whether they occur independently of HPG activation (puberty independent). Disentangling puberty-dependent from puberty-independent mechanisms is difficult because puberty and adolescence typically proceed concurrently. Here, we test a new approach that leverages natural adaptations of a seasonally breeding species to dissociate pubertal status from chronological age. Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) reared in a long, summer-like day length (LD) exhibit rapid pubertal development, whereas those reared in a short, winter-like day length (SD) delay puberty by several months to synchronize breeding with the following spring [2, 3]. We tested whether the SD-induced delay in puberty delays the peri-adolescent decline in juvenile social play and the rise in aggression that characterizes adolescent social development in many species [4-6] and compared the results to those obtained after prepubertal gonadectomy. Neither SD rearing nor prepubertal gonadectomy altered the age at which hamsters transitioned from play to aggression; SD-reared hamsters completed this transition prior to puberty. SD rearing and prepubertal gonadectomy, however, increased levels of play in male and female juveniles, implicating a previously unknown role for prepubertal gonadal hormones in juvenile social behavior. Levels of aggression were also impacted (decreased) in SD-reared and gonadectomized males. These data demonstrate that puberty-independent mechanisms regulate the timing of adolescent social development, while prepubertal and adult gonadal hormones modulate levels of age-appropriate social behaviors.
Mechanical response of mesoscopic aluminum rings under uniaxial compression

The strength of materials exhibits size effects at sample dimensions 500 μn. The dimension at which the transition between these two trends occurs remained unclear. We study this mesoscopic scale (20–400 urn) by examining the compression response of ring and pillar-shaped Al specimens. Integrating present results with literature data, we provide Al’s compression response in a “master curve” fashion. We demonstrate the inadequacies of the classical surface layer model, and suggest directions for future studies.
Checkpoint inhibitor-induced polymyalgia rheumatica controlled by cobimetinib, a MEK 1/2 inhibitor

We read with great interest the recently published paper by Kostine et al 1 reporting on musculoskeletal immune-related adverse events (IRAE) related to cancer immunotherapy. We applaud the authors for being able to identify the incidence of these side effects and of their relation to tumour response. Of particular interest to us is the fact that most of the musculoskeletal IRAE were polymyalgia-like. We are eager to add to that discussion by presenting this case of checkpoint inhibitor-induced polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) that was partially treated by targeted therapy with a MEK 1/2 inhibitor. A 70-year-old woman presented in November 2015 with rectal cancer that was locally invasive and metastatic to peritoneum and lung. She failed chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan) and in September 2016 was enrolled in a trial of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) every 2 weeks plus cobimetinib (a MEK 1/2 inhibitor). Cobimetinib was given daily for 3 …
Mis-sizing of Adenomatous Polyps is Common among Endoscopists and Impacts Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations.

BACKGROUND/AIMS To determine the accuracy of identifying ≥6-mm adenomatous polyps during colonoscopy and define its impact on subsequent interval screening. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent colonoscopies at Banner University Medical Center, Tucson from 2011 to 2015. All patients with ≥6-mm adenomatous polyps based on their colonoscopy report were included. Adenomatous polyps were excluded if they did not meet the criteria. Discrepancies in the polyp size were determined by calculating the percentage of size variation (SV). Clinical mis-sizing was defined as SV >33%. RESULTS The polyps analyzed were predominantly <10 mm in size. Approximately 13% of the examined polyps met the inclusion criteria, and 40.7% of the adenomas were ≥10 mm. A total of 189 ≥6-mm adenomatous polyps were collected from 10 different gastroenterologists and a colorectal surgeon. Adenomatous polyps were clinically mis-sized in 56.6% of cases and overestimated in 71.4%. Among the adenomas reviewed, 22% of mis-sized polyps and 11% of non-mis-sized polyps resulted in an inappropriate surveillance interval. CONCLUSION We found that more than half of ≥6-mm adenomatous polyps are mis-sized and that there is a tendency to overestimate adenoma size among endoscopists. This frequently leads to inappropriate intervals of surveillance colonoscopy.
COMPUTER REPRESENTATION OF MATHEMATICAL OBJECTS

This chapter discusses the computer representation of mathematical objects. From a physical problem which a computer is to solve one must first erect a model, a representation of pertinent entities, in a form comprehensible to the computer. This is often a two-step process: (1) a mathematical model for the physical problem is derived and (2) a computer representation for the mathematical object is constructed. This chapter discusses the second step, that is, the construction of computer representations of mathematical objects. The chapter presents an introduction to basic combinatorial terminology. The proper choice of a model depends heavily upon the individual computer system and upon particular features of an intended study.
Griffith Fracture Criterion and Concrete

The original Griffith fracture criteria was developed to describe the rapid extension of a crack in a homogeneous elastic body. To check the applicability of the Griffith theory to portland cement systems which are neither elastic nor homogeneous, specimens of hardened cement paste, mortar and concrete made with normal and lightweight aggregates, and with notches of varying lengths were tested in flexure and in tension. While the paste specimens were notch-sensitive, mortar and concrete strengths were independent of notch length. The notch-insensitivity of mortar and concrete appears to be due to their composite nature. Similar behavior occurs in glass-Al²O³, fiberglass-reinforced epoxy and tungsten-reinforced copper composites. It appears that for mortar and concrete the direct application of Griffith criteria is not valid up to a certain length of cracks. This critical length depends on the size, volume, and type of aggregate.
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN

Abstract The electronic structures of diatomic molecules of the first short period are briefly described. Against that background, the electronic structures, low-lying excited states and magnetic properties of O2 and O2 are described and discussed. Various features of the properties of oxygen are related to its possession of a triplet ground state and easily accessible excited states. A “crystal field” model for oxygen in molecular complexes is presented and discussed.
Exogenous melatonin enhances luteinizing hormone levels of women in the follicular but not in the luteal menstrual phase

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous melatonin on LH pulsatility in women during the follicular and luteal menstrual phases. Design Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Patients Normal cycling young women (25 to 35 years old). Interventions Each subject was admitted at the Clinical Research Center for 2 consecutive days on both the follicular and the luteal menstrual phases. On each day, at 7:00 a.m. an indwelling catether was placed in an antecubital vein for a 10 minutes blood sampling from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. On the 2 consecutive days of both the follicular and the luteal menstrual phases, each subject randomly received either placebo or melatonin pills (1mg at 8:00 and 0.75mg at 10:00 and 12:00 a.m.). Main Outcome Measure Luteinizing hormone pulsatility. Results The amplitude of LH pulses and mean LH levels were increased by melatonin in the follicular but not in the luteal menstrual phase. Conclusions The stimulatory effect of exogenous melatonin on LH is modulated by the endocrine environment and selectively exerted in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
Abstract 5251: Prospective investigation of general and visceral obesity, body fat distribution and risk of common cancers using data from the UK Biobank cohort study

Background: General obesity, as measured using body mass index (BMI), has been linked to the risk of multiple cancers, but limited studies have been conducted to evaluate associations of visceral obesity, fat mass and body fat percentage with cancer risk. The aim of this study was to analyze different measurements and aspect of obesity as potential risk factors for common cancers. Methods: The UK Biobank cohort was designed to recruit middle and old aged participants in UK between 2006 and 2010, and follow them up via linkage to health records in National Health Service. Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to prospectively investigate associations between common site-specific cancers with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (BF%), whole body fat mass (WBFM), and trunk fat percentage (TF%), adjusting for potential confounders. Detailed measurements were obtained at baseline survey conducted in UK Biobank cohort, among approximately 492,000 participants. BF%, WBFM and TF% were ascertained using bio-impedance measures. Results: A total of 20,628 incident cancers (except for non-melanoma skin cancer) occurred during 5.6 years of follow-up. Each SD increase in BMI was linearly associated with increased cancer risks of all-cancers combined (HR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.04-1.07, p Conclusions: Visceral obesity and specific fat mass measurements, including WHR, BF%, WBFM, and TF% confer additional risk to multiple cancers beyond the level contributed by general obesity measured using BMI. Cancer prevention programs should be designed not only to reduce body weight but also visceral fat and body fat mass. Citation Format: Ying Liu, Wei Zheng. Prospective investigation of general and visceral obesity, body fat distribution and risk of common cancers using data from the UK Biobank cohort study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5251.
Oxidation/Reduction Effects in Depression of Sulfide Minerals—A Review

A review of the published literature on the mechanism of depression of sulfide minerals shows that a unified theory is not yet available. Various mechanisms that have been postulated include competition between depressants and collectors to adsorb at the surface sites, creation of thermodynamic conditions nonconducive for formation of a metal collector salt, or formation of a hydrophilic coating on the surface. The hydrophilic coating may or may not effect the adsorption of collectors. In another mechanism, the depressant may participate directly in oxidation/reduction reactions between collectors and sulfide minerals. Examples from the literature highlight oxidation/reduction effects in the depression of sulfide minerals.
The Role of Status in Stakeholder Salience

By looking at salience theory and dialogue, this paper argues that while a number of characteristics attributed to a stakeholder group matter in gaining managerial attention, the status of a group ...
Comparison of opioid use disorder among male veterans and non-veterans: Disorder rates, socio-demographics, co-morbidities, and quality of life.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Amidst a surging national crisis of opioid use, concern has been expressed about its impact on veterans, but no study has presented a population-based comparison of opioid use disorder (OUD) among veterans and non-veterans. We analyzed national epidemiologic data to compare rates, correlates and impacts of the opioid crisis on male veterans and non-veterans. METHODS Restricted data from 2012 to 2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III (NESARC-III) were used to compare veteran and non-veteran men on rates of OUD, as well as correlates of OUD including socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric and substance use co-morbidities, and reductions in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). RESULTS About 2.0% of veterans and 2.7% of non-veterans, estimated at 418,000 and 2.5 million men, respectively, met criteria for life-time OUD. In both groups, OUD was associated with younger age, lower income levels, and fewer years of education. OUD was associated minority race among veterans, but with non-Hispanic white race among non-veterans. Both veteran and non-veteran adults with OUD were at least five times more likely than their peers to have both psychiatric and substance use co-morbidities (p < .001) and they experienced strongly reduced HRQOL scores (Cohen's d = -.50 to -.93). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Veterans and non-veterans experience similar risk of OUD, similar correlates and adverse HRQOL impacts suggesting that similar treatment approaches may be effective for both groups. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight comparable vulnerability of veterans to non-veterans in both the risk of OUD and adverse effects on HRQOL. (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1-9).
ASSOCIATION OF ELIXHAUSER COMORBIDITY INDEX TO 1-YEAR MORTALITY IN OLDER ADULTS AFTER PERMANENT PACEMAKER IMPLANTATION

There is a paucity of data on the effect of multimorbidity on early (≤ 1-year) mortality in older adults after permanent pacemaker placement (PPM) implantation. Observational retrospective study from 2008 to 2015, within an integrated healthcare delivery system to assess the association of the
Age-Related Hearing Loss Associations With Changes in Brain Morphology:

Age-related hearing loss has been associated with varied auditory cortex morphology in human neuroimaging studies. These findings have suggested that peripheral auditory system declines cause chang...
What we learned from creating one of the world's most popular MOOCs

Learning How to Learn (LHTL) is currently one of the world’s most popular massive open online course (MOOC), with nearly 2.5 million registered learners in its first 4 years. Here, we “reverse engineer” the design of the course’s videos to show how creative application of well-known principles of multimedia learning in an MOOC context appear to have fueled the course’s popularity. Gaps in knowledge of multimedia learning are also noted. There have been some 50 years of experience researching effective classroom teaching, but less there have been only 5 years since MOOCs became widespread. The success of LHTL may provide further insight into the importance of the principles of multimedia learning, and how those principles might be practically implemented to improve MOOC making and the general design of instructional videos.
Abundance and survival of microbial aerosols in the troposphere and stratosphere.

Bioaerosol transport in the atmosphere disperses microbial species between continents, affects human and plant health, and may influence hydrologic cycling. However, there have been few quantitative observations of bioaerosols at altitudes more than a few kilometers above the surface. Lack of data on bioaerosol distributions in the atmosphere has impeded efforts to assess the aerial dissemination of microbes and their vertical extent in the biosphere. In this study, a helium balloon payload system was used to sample microbial cells and dust particles in air masses as high as 38 km above sea level over three locations in the southwestern United States. The cell concentrations at altitudes between 3 and 29 km were highly similar (2–5 × 105 cells m−3) and approximately threefold lower than those observed in the convective boundary layer (CBL; 1 × 106 cells m−3), decreasing to 8 × 104 cells m−3 at 35–38 km. The detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and recovery of bacteria possessing extreme tolerance to desiccation and shortwave ultraviolet radiation confirmed that certain microorganisms have the capacity to persist at lower altitudes of the stratosphere. Our data and related calculations provide constraints on the upper altitudinal boundary for microbial habitability in the biosphere.
HOMOZYGOSITY FOR A NOVEL DOUBLE MUTANT ALLELE (G1961E/L857P) UNDERLIES CHILDHOOD-ONSET ABCA4-RELATED RETINOPATHY IN THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Purpose Stargardt disease (On-Line Mendelian Inheritance In Man 242000, STGD1) is the most common inherited macular dystrophy. STGD1 is typically a young-adult-onset disease that is recurrently associated with the ABCA4 mutant allele G1961E in homozygosity or compound heterozygosity. The genetics of ABCA4-related retinopathy in the Arabian Gulf region have not been well-studied. This report reviews the experience of the Ocular Genetics Service at Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi with clinically diagnosed ABCA4-related retinopathy in Emirati patients who underwent genetic testing. Methods Retrospective case series (2016-2018, inclusive). Results All 22 identified patients (19 families; 11 males, 11 females; first visual symptoms 5-33 years old) were found to harbor biallelic ABCA4 pathologic variants. There were 14 childhood-onset cases (onset before 18 years of age; 12 families; 7 males, 7 females; first visual symptoms from 5 to 12 years old, median 8)-all were homozygous, 11 for the same novel double mutant allele G1961E/L857P. Those who underwent electroretinography (8) had cone-rod rather than isolated macular dystrophy. There were 8 adult-onset cases (onset at or after 18 years of age; 7 families; 4 males, 4 females; first visual symptoms from 18 to 33 years old, median 22)-all were compound heterozygous, seven harboring the common G1961E mutant allele. Conclusion The molecular yield for biallelic ABCA4 pathogenic variants is high for clinically diagnosed ABCA4-related retinopathy in Emiratis (100% in this case series). Homozygosity for a novel complex allele G1961E/L857P causes a childhood-onset cone-rod dystrophy rather than the young-adult-onset macular dystrophy that is associated with G1961E alone. This G1961/L857P complex allele likely represents a founder effect for the region.
Continuous Glucose Monitors and Activity Trackers to Inform Insulin Dosing in Type 1 Diabetes: The University of Virginia Contribution.

Objective: Suboptimal insulin dosing in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is frequently associated with time-varying insulin requirements driven by various psycho-behavioral and physiological factors influencing insulin sensitivity (IS). Among these, physical activity has been widely recognized as a trigger of altered IS both during and following the exercise effort, but limited indication is available for the management of structured and (even more) unstructured activity in T1D. In this work, we present two methods to inform insulin dosing with biosignals from wearable sensors to improve glycemic control in individuals with T1D. Research Design and Methods: Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) and activity trackers are leveraged by the methods. The first method uses CGM records to estimate IS in real time and adjust the insulin dose according to a person’s insulin needs; the second method uses step count data to inform the bolus calculation with the residual glucose-lowering effects of recently performed (structured or unstructured) physical activity. The methods were tested in silico within the University of Virginia/Padova T1D Simulator. A standard bolus calculator and the proposed “smart” systems were deployed in the control of one meal in presence of increased/decreased IS (Study 1) and following a 1-hour exercise bout (Study 2). Postprandial glycemic control was assessed in terms of time spent in different glycemic ranges and low/high blood glucose indices (LBGI/HBGI), and compared between the dosing strategies. Results: In Study 1, the CGM-informed system allowed to reduce exposure to hypoglycemia in presence of increased IS (percent time 180 mg/dL: 14.6% versus 18.3%; HBGI: 3.0 versus 3.9), tending toward optimal control. In Study 2, the step count-informed system allowed to reduce hypoglycemia (percent time 180 mg/dL: 11.9% versus 7.5%; HBGI: 2.4 versus 1.5). Conclusions: We presented and validated in silico two methods for the smart dosing of prandial insulin in T1D. If seen within an ensemble, the two algorithms provide alternatives to individuals with T1D for improving insulin dosing accommodating a large variety of treatment options. Future work will be devoted to test the safety and efficacy of the methods in free-living conditions.
Student Perceptions of the Library during Times of Terror: Exploratory Research Surveying Students Affected by the October 1 Shooting and Their Impressions of Safety in the Academic Library Community

On October 1, 2017, the history of Las Vegas, Nevada was forever changed when a mass shooting claimed the lives of 58 innocent people at a concert site on the Vegas Strip. Only three miles away, the University of Nevada Las Vegas and its main branch, Lied Library, became a space where students sought shelter and answers. To understand how this event impacted students’ perceptions of safety at UNLV, nine qualitative interviews were conducted asking students to consider the various qualities of a public place that make it feel safe. Students’ responses were analyzed to determine similarities and differences of “safe” locations on campus. Although each participant shared unique viewpoints as to where they would seek shelter and why, it was discovered that most students did not alter their actions regarding spatial use after the incident. More research must be conducted to determine if the majority of UNLV students feel similarly about their campus spaces and how the university can improve upon feelings of safety in the academic community.
Secondary Parkinsonism due to Large Anterior Cranial Fossa Meningioma (P3.8-023)

Objective: To outline the importance of neuroimaging in cases of early Parkinson’s disease with subacute onset of progressive unilateral hand tremor. Background: Parkinsonism can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary in nature. Secondary parkinsonism can be due to metabolic disorders, intoxication, cerebrovascular disorders, head injuries, or infectious etiologies. Intracranial tumor is an established, but rare cause of secondary parkinsonism. We report a patient who presented with early parkinsonism and was subsequently found to have a large anterior cranial fossa meningioma with mass effect on neuroimaging. Design/Methods: A 65-year-old right handed African American woman with no significant medical history presented with a 3 month history of progressive resting tremor of the right hand. The patient reported no headache or visual disturbances. On examination, the patient manifested mild features of early Parkinson’s disease, including bradykinesia and mild cogwheel rigidity at the elbows. Given the history of subacute onset of symptoms with progressive worsening, an MRI brain was ordered. It revealed a large anterior cranial fossa meningioma occupying both frontal lobes. There was downward compression and mass effect on the head of the caudate bilaterally, though greater on the right side. The patient underwent tumor resection. The cogwheel rigidity improved post-resection, but she continued to have a mild right-handed resting tremor without further progression of disease. Results: Not applicable Conclusions: We present an interesting case of large anterior cranial fossa meningioma with mass effect on the caudate presenting with secondary parkinsonism. This represents a mechanical compression of the basal ganglia without direct basal ganglia involvement. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of residual right-hand resting tremor despite surgical resection, which may indicate chronic damage to the basal ganglia from mass effect. These patients should be challenged with dopamine agonists to monitor their response to the treatment and assess future outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Khetarpal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Al-Janabi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Memon has nothing to disclose.
Algorithms for Efficient Reproducible Floating Point Summation

We define “reproducibility” as getting bitwise identical results from multiple runs of the same program, perhaps with different hardware resources or other changes that should not affect the answer. Many users depend on reproducibility for debugging or correctness. However, dynamic scheduling of parallel computing resources, combined with nonassociative floating point addition, makes reproducibility challenging even for summation, or operations like the BLAS. We describe a “reproducible accumulator” data structure (the “binned number”) and associated algorithms to reproducibly sum binary floating point numbers, independent of summation order. We use a subset of the IEEE Floating Point Standard 754-2008 and bitwise operations on the standard representations in memory. Our approach requires only one read-only pass over the data, and one reduction in parallel, using a 6-word reproducible accumulator (more words can be used for higher accuracy), enabling standard tiling optimization techniques. Summing n words with a 6-word reproducible accumulator requires approximately 9n floating point operations (arithmetic, comparison, and absolute value) and approximately 3n bitwise operations. The final error bound with a 6-word reproducible accumulator and our default settings can be up to 229 times smaller than the error bound for conventional (recursive) summation on ill-conditioned double-precision inputs.
Factors associated with esophageal motility improvement after bilateral lung transplant in patients with an aperistaltic esophagus.

Abstract Objectives We reported that esophageal peristalsis can improve after lung transplant (LTx), even in patients with pretransplant esophageal aperistalsis. This improvement was associated with better outcomes. We analyzed preoperative factors and sought to predict persistent aperistalsis or motility improvement in patients with pre-LTx esophageal aperistalsis. Methods Patients with esophageal aperistalsis who underwent LTx between January 2013 and December 2016 were included. Preoperative barium esophagrams were blinded and re-examined; subjective scores were assigned to motility and dilation patterns. Postoperative high-resolution manometry was used to divide patients into 2 groups: persistent esophageal aperistalsis (PEA) or improved esophageal peristalsis (IEP). Results We identified 29 patients: 20 with restrictive lung disease, 7 with obstructive lung disease, and 2 with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Post-LTx, 10 patients had PEA and 19 had IEP (mean age, 53.3 ± 6.6 years and 61.2 ± 10.6 years, respectively; P = .04). All 9 patients (100%) with obstructive lung disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension but only 10 of 20 patients (50%) with restrictive lung disease had IEP post-LTx (P = .01). All 4 patients with scleroderma had PEA. Nearly absent contractility on preoperative esophagrams was more prevalent in the PEA group than in the IEP group (100% vs 58.8%; P = .06). No further differences were observed between the groups. Conclusions Patients with esophageal aperistalsis and obstructive lung disease or pulmonary arterial hypertension, but not patients with restrictive lung disease and scleroderma, are likely to have IEP post-LTx. Additional studies may determine whether subjective esophagram assessment can help predict IEP post-LTx in patients with restrictive lung disease without scleroderma.
Deformation of an airfoil-shaped brain surrogate under shock wave loading.

Abstract Improvised explosive devices (IEDs), during military operations, has increased the incidence of blast-induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBI). The shock wave is created following detonation of the IED. This shock wave propagates through the atmosphere and may cause bTBI. As a result, bTBI research has gained increased attention since this injury's mechanism is not thoroughly understood. To develop better protection and treatment against bTBI, further studies of soft material (e.g. brain and brain surrogate) deformation due to shock wave exposure are essential. However, the dynamic mechanical behavior of soft materials, subjected to high strain rates from shock wave exposure, remains unknown. Thus, an experimental approach was applied to study the interaction between the shock wave and an unconfined brain surrogate fabricated from a biomaterial (i.e. polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)). The 1:70 ratio of curing agent-to-base determined the stiffness of the PDMS (Sylgard 184, Dow Corning Corporation). A stretched NACA 2414 (upper airfoil surface) geometry was utilized to resemble the shape of a porcine brain. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was applied to measure the deformation on the brain surrogate's surface following shock wave exposure. A shock tube was utilized to create the shock wave and pressure transducers measured the pressure in the vicinity of the brain surrogate. A transient structural analysis using ANSYS Workbench was performed to predict the elastic modulus of 1:70 airfoil-shaped PDMS, at a strain rate on the order of 6 × 103 s−1. Both compression and protrusion of the PDMS surface were found due to the shock wave exposure. Negative pressure was found in a semi-ring area, which was the cause of protrusion. Oscillation of the brain surrogate, due to the shock wave loading, was found. The frequency of oscillation does not depend on the geometry. This work will add to the limited data describing the dynamic behavior of soft materials due to shock wave loading.
Strategies for Including Students With Extensive Support Needs in SWPBIS

Schools that implement School-wide Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (SWPBIS) offer a multitiered continuum of supports that increases in intensity to support the behavioral needs of a...
First saturation correction in high energy proton-nucleus collisions. Part I. Time evolution of classical Yang-Mills fields beyond leading order

In high energy proton-nucleus collisions, the single- and double-inclusive soft gluon productions at the leading order have been calculated and phenomenologically studied in various approaches for many years. These studies do not take into account the saturation and multiple rescatterings in the field of the proton. The first saturation correction to these leading order results (the terms that are enhanced by the combination $$ {\alpha}_s^2{\mu}^2 $$ , where μ2 is the proton’s color charge squared per unit transverse area) has not been completely derived despite recent attempts using a diagrammatic approach. This paper is the first in a series of papers towards analytically completing the first saturation correction to physical observables in high energy proton-nucleus collisions. Our approach is to analytically solve the classical Yang-Mills equations in the dilute-dense regime using the Color Glass Condensate effective theory and compute physical observables constructed from classical gluon fields. In the current paper, the Yang-Mills equations are solved perturbatively in the field of the dilute object (the proton). Next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-leading order analytic solutions are explicitly constructed. A systematic way to obtain all higher order analytic solutions is outlined.
Participation in ENSEMBLE phase III multicenter clinical trial of Ad26.CoV2.S, a COVID-19 vaccine: An investigational drug services perspective.

What is known and objective Since WHO declared the pandemic of COVID-19, vaccines have been developed to fight against this infectious disease. Coordination and participation of investigational drug services to facilitate a phase III COVID-19 vaccination clinical trial are described and discussed, with novel interventions coordinating the dispensing processes in the trailer settings. Comment Once the study has reached phase III, the large number of participants and fast enrolment would contribute to the vaccine development. What is new and conclusion The investigational drug service (IDS) performed responsibilities in clinical and trailer units, and minimized workflow disturbances to maximize validity during the dispensing process. The advantages of mobile units and trailers increase flexibility of participants, broaden service area and improve feasibility, especially in minority and underserved communities. The UCM IDS team performs responsibilities in both clinical and mobile unit settings, the IDS team is able to facilitate and expand the enrolment to the minority population in underserved communities.
Deciding to Be Different: A Protocol Analysis of Entrepreneurs Positioning Their Ventures

Entrepreneurs seek to reconcile the competing tensions of conformity to established institutions and competitive advantage from differentiation by choosing to become optimally distinct. This resear...
Analysis of the transcriptional activation and post‐transcriptional regulation of transient receptor potential mucolipin‐2 gene (561.5)

Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by loss or dysfunction of the human transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) protein. TRPML1 is a non-selective cation ch...
Semiconductor Nanocrystal Quantum Dots

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) bridge the gap between cluster molecules and bulk materials. The boundaries between molecular, QD, and bulk regimes are not well defined and are strongly material dependent. However, a range from ∼100 to ∼10 000 atoms per particle can be considered as a rough estimate of sizes for which the nanocrystal regime occurs. The lower limit of this range is determined by the stability of the bulk crystalline structure with respect to isomerization into molecular structures. The upper limit corresponds to sizes for which energy level spacings approach thermal energy, kT. In this nanosize regime, the semiconductor energy- or band gap is dependent upon the particle size. This phenomenon is known as the quantum-size effect, and it allows band-gap-dependent material properties to be tuned with particle size. Specifically, semiconductor absorption and emission wavelengths can be controllably blueshifted from their bulk semiconductor values over hundreds of nanometers. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have been prepared by a variety of ‘physical’ and ‘chemical’ methods. Here, we review the synthetic chemistry of QDs prepared by colloidal chemical routes. These QDs, known as nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs), comprise an inorganic core overcoated with a layer of organic ligand molecules. The organic capping provides electronic and chemical passivation of surface dangling bonds, prevents uncontrolled growth and agglomeration of the nanoparticles, and allows NQDs to be chemically manipulated like large molecules with solubility and reactivity determined by the identity of the surface ligand. In contrast, with substrate-bound epitaxial QDs prepared by physical deposition methods (e.g. molecular beam epitaxy and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition), NQDs are ‘freestanding.’ In this discussion, we concentrate on the most successful synthesis methods, where success is determined by high crystallinity, adequate surface passivation, solubility in nonpolar or polar solvents, and good size monodispersity. Size monodispersity is critical as it permits the study and, ultimately, the use of materials-size-effects to define novel electronic, optical, and structural materials properties. Further, we examine many of the most significant contributions in the areas of NQD chemical surface modification (organic and inorganic), particle shape control, and phase control. Keywords: nano; nanocrystal(s); nanoparticle(s); semiconductor; colloidal; synthesis; quantum dot(s)
Solving the Generalized Job Shop Scheduling Problem via Temporal Constraint Propagation

A Scheduling Algorithm with Temporal Constraint Propagation (STCP) is proposed to solve the generalized job shop scheduling problem. STCP propagates the precedence constraints and machine interference constraints to reduce the search space of the active schedules. Further, by making use of the temporal nature of the job shop scheduling, efficient algorithms to propagate precedence constraints and machine interference constraints are developed. Experimental results reveal that constraint propagation significantly reduces the computation time for scheduling. Further, the proposed temporal constraint propagation algorithms provide an order of magnitude improvement on the computation time over the conventional constraint propagation algorithm.
Plant Phenotyping with Low Cost Digital Cameras and Image Analytics

In this paper we discuss a prototype, easy-to-deploy, and low cost (∼ $250) phenotype collection system for growth chambers. Off the shelf digital cameras, wireless transmitters, and PCs are used to store and process the images. A Matlab pipeline is used to fuse multiple images, identify the location of each Arabidopsis plant, segment its leaves, and measure leaf topology and area. Our early findings (unpublished) using this system for correlating genotype to phenotype are very promising. We hope that with future improvements and broad adoption, it will have the same disruptive effects as the first “build your own” microarrayers, which allowed for the explosion of genotyping information. Low cost genotyping and phenotyping will hopefully address some of the environmental, agricultural, and industrial sustainability challenges we are facing today.
Authors' response to “Stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy—a novel pathophysiological hypothesis to explain catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning”

Authors' response to “Stress (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy—a novel pathophysiological hypothesis to explain catecholamine-induced acute myocardial stunning”