cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amplification and the wave-particle duality.

By utilizing amplifiers in a modified interferometer, both particlelike and wavelike characteristics of single input photons are analyzed theoretically. Quantum theory predicts that proposed measurements on the amplified field will indicate that the single input photon exhibits extremes of both wavelike and particlelike characteristics. The evidence for wavelike behavior is fringe visibility at the output of the interferometer. Anticorrelation between the outputs of the two legs of the interferometer provides the evidence for particlelike behavior. Although quantum noise degrades both the particle-sensitive and the wave-sensitive measurement, no trade-off between the wavelike and the particlelike characteristics takes place. Complementarity, however, is maintained by the quantum noise added during amplification.
Additional evidence for norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter triggering release of melanin-dispersing hormone in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator: The effects of α1 and β adrenoceptor blocking drugs on melanin migration

Abstract 1. The effects of the α1 adrenoceptor blockers indoramin, azapetine and phenoxybenzamine and the β adrenoceptor blockers propanolol and SK&F 92657 on the distribution and translocation of the pigment in the melanophores of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, were determined. 2. All of the α1 blockers (but nonw of the β blockers) significantly inhibited the melanin dispersion which normally occurs when fiddler crabs are transferred from a white to a black background. 3. None of the drugs had a direct effect on the rate of pigment migration in the melanophores of isolated legs. 4. The results are consistent with the hypotheses that (a) norepinephrine produces melanin dispersion in Uca pugilator by triggering release of melanin-dispersing hormone (MDH) and (b) when fiddler crabs are transferred from a white to a black background α1 adrenoceptor activation plays the dominant role in executing the MDH-release triggering action of norepineprhine.
A Comparison of Adverse Effects of Simvastatin Plus Gemfibrozil and Atorvastatin Plus Gemfibrozil

Background: The manufacturer of simvastatin recommends a dose limitation of 10 mg daily when used in combination with gemfibrozil, due to increased risk of myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Little information is available regarding the risk of adverse effects of atorvastatin when used in combination with gemfibrozil.Purpose: To compare the rate of discontinuation or dose reduction due to adverse effects with simvastatin and gemfibrozil versus atorvastatin and gemfibrozil.Methods: Retrospective review of patients taking gemfibrozil in combination with simvastatin 10 mg, simvastatin 80 mg, or atorvastatin 40 mg for at least 6 months.Results: A total of 166 patients were included; 59 were taking simvastatin 10 mg (S10), 47 were taking simvastatin 80 mg (S80), and 60 were taking atorvastatin 40 mg (A40). There was no significant difference in the rate of discontinuation or dose reduction due to adverse effects among the groups (10.2% for S10, 21.2% for S80, and 10% for A40, P = 0.159). A paired comparison of disco...
Trollopian “Foreign Policy”: Rootedness and Cosmopolitanism in the Mid-Victorian Global Imaginary

Focusing on the prolific mid-Victorian writing of Anthony Trollope, this essay takes present-day theoretical interest in “actually existing cosmopolitanism” for its cue. Trollope's works remind us that from a Victorian perspective, the word cosmopolitan was more likely to evoke the impersonal structures of capitalism and imperialism than an ethos of tolerance, world citizenship, or multiculturalism. Trollope wrote novels eulogizing England's rootedness alongside first-person accounts of colonial travel, making him the arch exemplar of a two-party foreign policy discourse. Whereas Barsetshire novels such as The Warden are archetypes of autoethnographic fiction, Trollope's travel writings construct a transportable mode of racialized Anglo-Saxonness. Evoking the asymmetrical play between two notions of property—heirloom “rootedness” and capitalist “cosmopolitanism”—Trollope's foreign policy imaginary illuminates the difficulties of a genuinely negotiated rooted cosmopolitanism. Exploration of the nineteenth century's actually existing cosmopolitanisms offers the opportunity to historicize the transnational contexts and experiences of an era in which capitalist and imperial expansion was as dynamic as the globalizing processes of our own day.
Marketing for Involvement and Advocacy: Business Advisory Boards–A Case Study

ABSTRACT The authors of this article develop a marketing strategy for increasing advocacy among business board members for a college of business. Advisory Boards are often comprised of leading business and community leaders who perform a variety of services which enhance the operations of colleges and universities. They assist their institutions in a variety of ways including: to network in the community, recruit students and faculty, place students, and fund raise. The authors propose a model to develop a marketing strategy to motivate members of the business advisory board to become strong advocates for a program. Research findings are presented along with implications for higher education administrators.
Images in clinical medicine. Lung cancer presenting as an ankle metastasis.

Figure 1. A 45-year-old man with a 70-pack-year history of smoking began to have pain and then swelling in his right foot and ankle. He had no history of trauma. The radiographic findings were inconclusive, and the chest film was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the foot showed a large enhancing lesion of the calcaneus (arrow in Panel A). A bone scan (Panel B) showed abnormalities in the right calcaneus and the right humerus consistent with the presence of a metastatic tumor. A needle biopsy of the calcaneus lesion showed moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; the results of immunohistochemical staining were consistent . . .
Recent developments in the analysis of surface scatter phenomena

Scattering effects from rough surfaces are non-paraxial diffraction phenomena resulting from random phase variations in the reflected wavefront. Rayleigh-Rice (1951) or Beckmann-Kirchhoff (1963) theories are commonly used to predict surface scatter effects. Also, Harvey and Shack (1976) developed a linear systems formulation of surface scatter phenomena in which the scattering behavior is characterized by a surface transfer function. This treatment provided insight and understanding not readily gleaned from the two previous theories. However, smooth surface and/or paraxial approximations have severely limited the range of applicability of each of the above theoretical treatments. A new linear systems formulation of non-paraxial scalar diffraction theory applied to surface scatter phenomena resulted first in a modified Beckmann-Kirchhoff surface scattering model, then a generalized Harvey-Shack theory that produces accurate results for rougher surfaces than the Rayleigh-Rice theory and for larger incident angles than the classical Beckmann-Kirchhoff theory. These new developments simplify the analysis and understanding of stray light resulting from non-intuitive scattering behavior from rough surfaces illuminated with large incident angles.
Central tegmental tract lesion in a girl with holoprosencephaly presenting with West syndrome

We described a 16-month-old female patient who developed West syndrome at 3 months of age. MRI revealed a holoprosencephaly with incomplete fusion of the cerebrum, associated with central tegmental tract (CTT) lesions. At 1 year of age, the CTT lesion was still present on T2-weighted MRI. The CTT represents an important projection pathway of the extrapyramidal tract and the CTT lesions have rarely been reported using MRI in patients with neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy and several inborn errors of metabolism. Although the exact mechanism remains obscure, we suggest that disturbances in midbrain fibers that connect to the basal ganglia, may have contributed to the etiology of West syndrome in this patient.
Child Psychiatry Perspectives: Professional Competence, Public Confidence, and Children's Rights

Influences on Training Programs. Competence in child psychiatry is largely determined by the character of the training. Psychodynamic individual psychotherapy continues as the cornerstone of most training. However. training programs with unique approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and research provide opportunities for trainees with special interests. Although not yet well supported, research. too, is making itself felt, especially in the areas of infant and child development. early intervention, epidemiology, and in the neural substrates of behavior. Psychodynamic child psychiatry remains a very strong. fundamental inHuence because of its explanatory power, which generates many researchable hypotheses. However. research and treatment evaluation are still needed. The knowledge explosion in child development, biochemistry, genetics, psychopharmacology, and new treatment methods earlier in life has overwhelmed training programs with curriculum material to teach, not enough time to teach it. and few methods to assess what has been learned. Assessment in Supervision . Mutual assessment by supervisors with the trainees on an ongoing basis is an important tool to correct deficiencies and to learn to assess areas of competence. Unless the process is an ongoing one and we agree about the skills to be assessed, we tend, in the usual 6-month or year reports, to feel guilty for permitting shoddy or poor work to go unnoticed. By default we pass trainees along who have not learned fundamental skills. and finally we graduate them, dissatisfied with them and ourselves but caught in an episodic and inadequate evaluatory process which visits our failures in training on the community. Trainees must also assess their teachers and provide feedback about the
7-Oxodihydrokarounidiol [7-Oxo-D : C-friedo-olean-8-ene-3α, 29-diol], a Novel Triterpene from Trichosanthes kirilowii

The structure of 7-oxodihydrokarounidiol [7-oxo-D : C-friedo-olean-8-ene-3α, 29-diol], isolated from the seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Cucurbitaceae), was determined by chemical correlation with karounidiol [D : C-friedo-oleana-7, 9(11)-diene-3α, 29-diol] from the same source. Two other natural products, viz. bryonolic acid (3β-hydroxy-D : C-friedo-olean-8-en-29-oic acid) and bryononic acid (3-oxo-D : C-friedo-olean-8-en-29-oic acid), were also correlated with karounidiol.
Gamma-ray emissions observed in a thunderstorm anvil

Balloon-borne gamma-ray and electric-field-change instruments were launched into a daytime summer thunderstorm to evaluate a new experimental design to test hypotheses for the production of transient luminous events (TLE) (eg. sprites, and blue jets) in the mesosphere. While ascending, the instrument triggered many times on the signals from the electric-field-change instrument, recording the gamma-ray background at those times. A greater than three-fold increase in the gamma-ray flux was observed as the balloon descended through a thunderstorm anvil where a strong electric field was suspected to be present. These observations suggest that gamma-ray production in thunderstorms may not be as uncommon as previously believed.
Half-lives of some rare earth nuclides☆

Measurements were made of the half lives of Y/sup 91/, Pr/sup 143/, , Tb/ sup 160/, Tb/sup 161/, Dy/sup 159/, Dy/sup 166/, and Ho/sup 166/. (auth)
Calorie, carbon and nitrogen metabolism of juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) (crustacea, palaemonidae) with regard to trophic position

Abstract 1. 1. Caloric, carbon and nitrogen budgets were constructed for juvenile Macrobrachium rosen-bergii when fed either a plant, animal or mixed diet. 2. 2. The rate of caloric assimilation was highest for the animal diet, intermediate for the mixed diet and lowest for the plant diet. 3. 3. Routine metabolism comprised from 69 to 94% of the total energy assimilated. 4. 4. The standard dynamic effect accounted for 8–28% of the total energy assimilated. 5. 5. Growth efficiency was determined to be −3.32 for the plant diet, 3.50 for the mixed diet and 1.75 for the animal diet. 6. 6. Rates of assimilation of carbon were higher than for nitrogen on all diets.
Metabolic Inflexibility: When Mitochondrial Indecision Leads to Metabolic Gridlock

Normal energy metabolism is characterized by periodic shifts in glucose and fat oxidation, as the mitochondrial machinery responsible for carbon combustion switches freely between alternative fuels according to physiological and nutritional circumstances. These transitions in fuel choice are orchestrated by an intricate network of metabolic and cell signaling events that enable exquisite crosstalk and cooperation between competing substrates to maintain energy and glucose homeostasis. By contrast, obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases are increasingly recognized as disorders of metabolic inflexibility, in which nutrient overload and heightened substrate competition result in mitochondrial indecision, impaired fuel switching, and energy dysregulation. This Perspective offers a speculative view on the molecular origins and pathophysiological consequences of metabolic inflexibility.
Reliability and Validity of the Emergency Severity Index for Pediatric Triage

Objectives: The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage algorithm is a five-level triage acuity tool used by emergency department (ED) triage nurses to rate patients from Level 1 (most acute) to Level 5 (least acute). ESI has established reliability and validity in an all-age population, but has not been well studied for pediatric triage. This study assessed the reliability and validity of the ESI for pediatric triage at five sites. Methods: Interrater reliability was measured with weighted kappa for 40 written pediatric case scenarios and 100 actual patient triages at each of five research sites (independently rated by both a triage nurse and a research nurse). Validity was evaluated with a sample of 200 patients per site. The ESI ratings were compared with outcomes, including hospital admission, resource consumption, and ED length of stay. Results: Interrater reliability was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76 to 0.78) for the scenarios (n = 155 nurses) and 0.57 (95% CI = 0.52 to 0.62) for actual patients (n = 498 patients). Inconsistencies in triage were noted for the most acute and least acute patients, as well as those less than 1 year of age and those with medical (rather than trauma) chief complaints. For the validity cohort (n = 1,173 patients), outcomes differed by ESI level, including hospital admission, which went from 83% for Level 1 patients to 0% for Level 5 (chi-square, p < 0.0001). Nurses from dedicated pediatric EDs were 31% less likely to undertriage patients than nurses in general EDs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.67). Conclusions: Reliability of the ESI for pediatric triage is moderate. The ESI provides a valid stratification of pediatric patients into five distinct groups. We found several areas in which nurses have difficulty triaging pediatric patients consistently. The study results are being used to develop pediatric-specific ESI educational materials to strengthen reliability and validity for pediatric triage.
The History of Curriculum or Curriculum History? What is the Field and Who Gets to Play on it?

The field of curriculum history is a relatively recent phenomenon in the study of education. How the genesis of the field has been reviewed and constructed by historians is reflective of the ways i...
The Graph SLAM Algorithm with Applications to Large-Scale Mapping of Urban Structures

This article presents GraphSLAM, a unifying algorithm for the offline SLAM problem. GraphSLAM is closely related to a recent sequence of research papers on applying optimization techniques to SLAM problems. It transforms the SLAM posterior into a graphical network, representing the log-likelihood of the data. It then reduces this graph using variable elimination techniques, arriving at a lower-dimensional problems that is then solved using conventional optimization techniques. As a result, GraphSLAM can generate maps with 108 or more features. The paper discusses a greedy algorithm for data association, and presents results for SLAM in urban environments with occasional GPS measurements.
Deconstructing genomics: new developments in the structural biology of nucleic acids

The Williamson laboratory studies RNA structure and RNA-protein interactions using structural biology and biophysical approaches. Two areas of emphasis include understanding the structure and specific recognition of the RNA-protein complexes that regulate gene expression, and understanding the assembly of multicomponent complexes such as the ribosome.
Observations of an Expanding Molecular Ring in S106

The 3 mm rotational transition of HCO(+) toward S106 has been mapped with the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Array and the NRAO 12 m telescope. The maps show evidence for an expanding molecular ring around IRS 4, the exciting star in S106. The radius of the ring is about 2 x 10 to the 17th cm, and its mass is 10 solar masses or less. The ring is expanding with a velocity of about 2 km/s. The ring cannot be supported by rotation; magnetic fields and gas pressure may be important in determining the kinematics of the region. Clumps of high-velocity material are observed which may have been ablated from the ring and entrained in the ionized bipolar outflow. 13 refs.
A general third-order theory of functionally graded plates with modified couple stress effect and the von Kármán nonlinearity: theory and finite element analysis

Finite element analysis of functionally graded plates based on a general third-order shear deformation plate theory with a modified couple stress effect and the von Karman nonlinearity is carried out to bring out the effects of couple stress, geometric nonlinearity and power-law variation of the material composition through the plate thickness on the bending deflections of plates. The theory requires no shear correction factors. The principle of virtual displacements is utilized to develop a nonlinear finite element model. The finite element model requires C 1 continuity of all dependent variables. The microstructural effects are captured using a length scale parameter via the modified couple stress theory. The variation of two-constituent material is assumed through the thickness direction according to a power-law distribution. Numerical results are presented for static bending problems of rectangular plates with various boundary conditions to bring out the parametric effects of the power-law index and length scale parameter on the load–deflection characteristics of plates with various boundary conditions.
Structure-based design of p18INK4c proteins with increased thermodynamic stability and cell cycle inhibitory activity.

Abstract p18INK4c is a member of the INK4 family of proteins that regulate the G1 to S cell cycle transition by binding to and inhibiting the pRb kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6. The p16INK4a member of the INK4 protein family is altered in a variety of cancers and structure-function studies of the INK4 proteins reveal that the vast majority of missense tumor-derived p16INK4a mutations reduce protein thermodynamic stability. Based on this observation, we used p18INK4c as a model to test the proposal that INK4 proteins with increased stability might have enhanced cell cycle inhibitory activity. Structure-based mutagenesis was used to prepare p18INK4c mutant proteins with a predicted increase in stability. Using this approach, we report the generation of three mutant p18INK4C proteins, F71N, F82Q, and F92N, with increased stability toward thermal denaturation of which the F71N mutant also showed an increased stability to chemical denaturation. The x-ray crystal structures of the F71N, F82Q, and F92N p18INK4C mutant proteins were determined to reveal the structural basis for their increased stability properties. Significantly, the F71N mutant also showed enhanced CDK6 interaction and cell cycle inhibitory activity in vivo, as measured using co-immunoprecipitation and transient transfection assays, respectively. These studies show that a structure-based approach to increase the thermodynamic stability of INK4 proteins can be exploited to prepare more biologically active molecules with potential applications for the development of molecules to treat p16INK4a-mediated cancers.
Measurement of proton-proton geminal coupling constants via two-dimensional indirect J spectroscopy with selective spin flip

Description d'une approche speciale facilitant la mesure directe des couplages gemines ( 2 J HH ), sans resoudre le modele de couplage homonucleaire complet
Fusion proteins comprising annexin V and Kunitz protease inhibitors are highly potent thrombogenic site-directed anticoagulants.

The anionic phospholipid, phosphatidyl-l-serine (PS), is sequestered in the inner layer of the plasma membrane in normal cells. Upon injury, activation, and apoptosis, PS becomes exposed on the surfaces of cells and sheds microparticles, which are procoagulant. Coagulation is initiated by formation of a tissue factor/factor VIIa complex on PS-exposed membranes and propagated through the assembly of intrinsic tenase (factor VIIIa/factor IXa), prothrombinase (factor Va/factor Xa), and factor XIa complexes on PS-exposed activated platelets. We constructed a novel series of recombinant anticoagulant fusion proteins by linking annexin V (ANV), a PS-binding protein, to the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (KPI) domain of tick anticoagulant protein, an aprotinin mutant (6L15), amyloid β-protein precursor, or tissue factor pathway inhibitor. The resulting ANV-KPI fusion proteins were 6- to 86-fold more active than recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tick anticoagulant protein in an in vitro tissue factor–initiated clotting assay. The in vivo antithrombotic activities of the most active constructs were 3- to 10-fold higher than that of ANV in a mouse arterial thrombosis model. ANV-KPI fusion proteins represent a new class of anticoagulants that specifically target the anionic membrane-associated coagulation enzyme complexes present at sites of thrombogenesis and are potentially useful as antithrombotic agents.
Diurnal levels of Fos immunoreactivity are elevated within hypocretin neurons in lactating mice

The hypocretins modulate arousal via actions across multiple terminal fields. Thus, alterations in hypocretin neurotransmission may contribute to altered sleep patterns observed during lactation. This study examined whether lactation is associated with alterations in the number of hypocretin neurons and in diurnal Fos-immunoreactivity within hypocretin neurons in female mice. Alterations in Fos-immunoreactivity were also examined within two hypocretin terminal regions; the medial preoptic area and the locus coeruleus. Fos-immunoreactivity was increased within hypocretin neurons and the medial preoptic area in lactating females. No differences were observed in the number of hypocretin neurons or in Fos-immunoreactivity within the locus coeruleus.
Amrinone: Acute electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects in patients with congestive heart failure☆

Amrinone is an effective inotropic agent, but its electrophysiologic effects in humans have not been previously determined. Fifteen patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association functional class II to IV, underwent an electrophysiologic study after withdrawal of all other cardioactive drugs before and after 10 to 20 μg/kg/min of intravenous amrinone (doses that increased cardiac index and decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and systemic vascular resistance, p < 0.002). Amrinone caused no change in PR, QRS, QTc, AH or HV intervals or maximal corrected sinus node recovery time and had no significant effect on the ventricular effective refractory periods. Amrinone decreased the atrial effective refractory period from 256 ± 40 to 240 ± 38 ms (p = 0.015), and the atrioventricular (AV) nodal functional refractory period from 374 ± 65 to 356 ± 64 ms (p < 0.05), and enhanced maximal 1:1 AV nodal conduction from 371 ± 46 to 334 ± 47 ms (p = 0.006). Nine patients had baseline HV prolongation; this was not affected by amrinone. The frequency of inducible ventricular tachycardia was not significantly affected by amrinone. Holter recordings (24 to 48 hours) were obtained from 10 patients before and after acute oral amrinone dosing (75 to 150 mg every 8 hours). There was no change in the number of ventricular premature contractions per 24 hours (2,197 ± 3,305 vs 2,616 ± 2,436) or number of runs of ventricular tachycardia per 24 hours (10 ± 12 vs 12 ± 13); however, the number of ventricular couplets per 24 hours increased from 22 ± 34 to 52 ± 55 (p = 0.054). Thus, amrinone is safe to use in patients with intraventricular conduction disturbances. It shortens the atrial effective and AV nodal functional refractory period and enhances AV nodal conduction, and it has minimal effects on ventricular arrhythmogenesis during acute drug administration.
THE CULTURE OF NATURE AND THE RISE OF MODERN ENVIRONMENTALISM: THE VIEW THROUGH GENERAL AUDIENCE MAGAZINES, 1945–1980

The status of nature and environmental issues in mass media has been given attention, but few studies look at commonsense meanings of nature circulating in American culture over a long period of time. Nor has the question of change in the meaning of nature resulting from the rise of modern environmentalism in the 1960s been addressed sufficiently. To address both issues, general audience magazines were examined to uncover trends in the meanings of nature from 1945 through 1980. A qualitative and semiotic approach was used to examine the data. The analysis revealed a predominance of appreciative meanings and little qualitative change despite the rise of environmental struggle midway through the study period. Implications and the relationship of this finding to other relevant cultural research in environmental sociology were discussed.
Arterial to end‐tidal carbon dioxide tensio difference during laparoscopy Magnitude and effect of anaesthetic technique

The relationship between arterial carbon dioxide tension and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension was studied in 25 patients during laparoscopy. Thirteen patients received general anaesthesia and 12 epidural anaesthesia. The overall mean difference between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions was 0.44 kPa (95% confidence intervals 0.28-0.60 kPa) which was significantly less than that reported in studies during other procedures. The reasons for this difference are probably associated with the physiological changes induced by CO2 pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg positioning. The choice of anaesthetic technique did not affect the arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference significantly (p greater than 0.9).
The inequivalent gauged SO(4) supergravities

Abstract The N = 4 supergravity theories with local SO(4) invariance are formulated in superspace. The gauged SO(4) theory with two coupling constants ( g 1 , g 2 ) is shown to reduce to three inequivalent models: g 1 = g 2 with negative cosmological constant, g 1 = − g 2 with positive cosmological constant, and g 1 = 0, g 2 ≠ 0 which is a particular case of the Freedman-Schwarz gauged SU(2) ⨵ SU(2) model. The Higgs effect in the vector-scalar sector of the gauged N = 5 supergravity is analyzed.
A model of heavy atom-analyte-substrate for room-temperature phosphorescence inducement on filter papers

Abstract A model of the heavy atom-analyte-substrate interaction in room-temperature phosphorimetry is proposed. The model is based on previous experimental results involving X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in one of the authors' laboratories.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Deamidation and Covalent Amide-Linked Adduct Formation in Amorphous Lyophiles of a Model Asparagine-Containing Peptide

Asparagine containing peptides and proteins undergo deamidation via a succinimide intermediate. This study examines the role of the succinimide in the formation of covalent, amide-linked adducts in amorphous peptide formulations. Stability studies of a model peptide, Gly-Phe-L-Asn-Gly, were performed in lyophiles containing an excess of Gly-Val at ‘pH’ 9.5 and 40°C/40% RH. Reactant disappearance and the formation of ten different degradants were monitored by HPLC. Mechanism-based kinetic models were used to generate rate constants from the concentration vs. time profiles. Deamidation of Gly-Phe-L-Asn-Gly in lyophiles resulted in L- and D-aspartyl and isoaspartyl-containing peptides and four amide-linked adducts between the succinimide and Gly-Val. The kinetic analysis demonstrated competition between water and terminal amino groups in Gly-Val for the succinimide. The extent of covalent adduct formation was dependent on dilution effects due to its second order rate law. The cyclic imide formed during deamidation of asparagine containing peptides in lyophiles can also lead to covalent adducts due to reaction with other neighboring peptides. A reaction model assuming a central role for the succinimide in the formation both hydrolysis products and covalent adducts was quantitatively consistent with the kinetic data. This mechanism may contribute to the presence of covalent, non-reducible aggregates in lyophilized peptide formulations.
The priming effect of gemfibrozil on reactive oxygen metabolism of phagocytic leucocytes. An intriguing side effect.

Gemfibrozil is an antihyperlipidaemia agent used in therapy to reduce the occurrence of coronary heart disease. Considering the biochemical and pharmacological peculiarities of this class of drugs, we investigated the influence of a single oral therapeutic dose of gemfibrozil on the reactive oxygen metabolism of phagocytic leucocytes. Analysis was carried out adopting a chemiluminescence assay. Results clearly indicate that gemfibrozil, acting as a primer, significantly enhances the induced reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) production by overall blood phagocytes (increment of Stimulation Index (SI) =+52% with respect to time 0 values; P<0.01), by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (increment of SI=+28% with respect to control values; P<0.01) and by monocytes (increment of SI=+83% with respect control values; P<0.001), when these cells are stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. This iatrogenic derangement of ROS metabolism could explain, at least in part, the occurrence of some side effects that occur in treatment with fibrates.
The relationship of serum fibronectin and cell shape to thrombin-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis in human fibroblasts.

In a previous report it was shown that inhibited DNA synthesis and altered morphology resulted when human fibroblasts (HF) were plated in 3% fetal calf serum (FCS) medium preincubated with thrombin (Hall and Ganguly, 1980a). This was in contrast to the stimulatory effects of this enzyme when added to cells several hours after subculture. Those observations suggested that thrombin may act upon serum components of the growth medium necessary for initial culture establishment following cell plating. In this report, the relationship of serum fibronectin (FN) to this thrombin-mediated inhibitory phenomena was investigated. It was found that the development of altered morphology and inhibited DNA synthesis could be completely prevented by the addition of this glycoprotein to medium preincubated with thrombin. Cell shape and DNA synthesis appeared to be closely related and both parameters showed a dose-dependent sensitivity to added fibronectin. To further investigate this, a technique was developed in which cell shape could be selectively varied and DNA synthesis measured in the absence of serum or thrombin. These studies indicated that cell shape was closely related to DNA synthesis and morphologies identical to that seen in thrombin-treated medium were produced. As observed in the thrombin system, normal cellular appearance and DNA synthesis could be restored by the addition of fibronectin. The results of this work suggest that thrombin acts upon medium components necessary for normal morphological development, possibly fibronectin, in cells following subculture. Inhibited DNA synthesis and growth seem to arise as a direct consequence of this effect.
New algorithm for the numerical simulation of fermions

A new algorithm for the numerical simulation of lattice field theories with fermion degrees of freedom is presented. Changes are proposed on a set of lattice sites or links using an approximate, local updating algorithm. The entire set of changes is then accepted or rejected according to a prescription that makes the algorithm exact. An efficient method of measuring the fermion Green's functions during the simulation is also presented. The algorithm is expected to be useful in studying a variety of lattice-field-theory problems in three space and one time dimensions.
Effectiveness–equity models for facility location problems on tree networks

We propose models to investigate effectiveness–equity tradeoffs in tree network facility location problems. We use the commonly used median objective as a measure of effectiveness, and the Gini index as a measure of (in)equity, and formulate bicriteria problems involving these objectives. We develop procedures to identify an efficient set of solutions to these problems, analyze the complexity of the proposed procedures, and finally illustrate the procedures with an example.Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 62(4), 243–254 2013
Prestressed Pile to Bent Cap Connections: Seismic Performance of a Full-Scale Three-Pile Specimen

The South Carolina DOT employs a detail in which piles are plainly embedded into bent caps without the use of any special detailing to the pile. The behavior of these connections is of special concern in areas where seismic activity poses a threat to infrastructure. This paper discusses the experimental results of a full-scale three-pile bent specimen subjected to a modified earthquake displacement history. This study is significant in the type of loading applied, the scale of the specimen, the inclusion of multiple piles, and the evaluation of differing bent cap reinforcement designs. The specimen was the culmination of an experimental research effort that included eight full-scale single-pile specimens. Results of the full-scale experiment and a numerical model are used for evaluation of the connection as well as comparison between differing reinforcement designs at exterior ends of the bent cap. These results include concrete cracking and spalling, strand slippage, ductility, and the amount of confinement at each connection.
PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION AND DISPOSITION STUDIES OF METHOTREXATE IN RABBITS AND RATS

The absorption and disposition of methotrexate (MTX) in the plasma, synovial fluid (SF), skin, and muscle tissue were studied following administration of a topical MTX gel in rabbits and rats. In rabbits, MTX concentrations in the plasma increased steadily toward the peak (5.9 +/- 2.8 ng mL-1) which appeared at approximately 2 h postdose and declined with the elimination half-life of 4.48 +/- 1.74 h. At 1 h after the topical dose, the MTX concentrations in the skin (49.0 +/- 19.8 micrograms g-1), muscle (12.7 +/- 3.3 ng g-1), and SF (19.2 +/- 10.1 ng g-1) underneath the dosed stifle joint were significantly higher (p 0.999) over the range of 2-50 ng mL-1. quantitation limit of 0.5 ng mL-1, and mean recovery of approximately 87% was used for the quantitation of MTX in the tissue and fluid samples.
Immunological studies of the effect of whole body insect extracts in the treatment of stinging insect allergy

Abstract Specific IgE antibodies and total antibodies reacting with bee venom and yellow jacket venom were measured in sequential serum samples of insect-sensitive individuals. Venom-specific IgE decreased as a function of time and was not significantly affected by treatment with whole body extracts. There was no stimulation of total antibodies reacting with bee venom or bee venom phospholipase A 2 (PLA) following treatment with whole bee body extracts. These studies suggest that as measured by these parameters, whole body insect extracts used in the usual recommended doses are immunologically ineffective antigens.
Understanding geometrical phases in quantum mechanics: An elementary example

We discuss an exact solution to the simplest nontrivial example of a geometrical phase in quantum mechanics. By means of this example: (1) we elucidate the fundamental distinction between rays and vectors in describing quantum mechanical states; (2) we show that superposition of quantal states is invalid; only decomposition is allowed—which is adequate for the measurement process. Our example also shows that the origin of singularities in the analog vector potential is to be found in the unavoidable breaking of projective symmetry caused by using the Schrodinger equation.
Some Quantitative Aspects of Scanning Densitometry in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract The optimization of instrumental parameters that influence resolution and signal-to-noise ratios in the recording of thinlayer chromatograms by scanning densitometry are discussed. A standardized method of determining sensitivity and detectability is proposed and used to evaluate the performance of a Shimadzu CS-910 scanning densitometer. Fluorescence enhancement reagents are discussed as a method of improving sample detectability in the fluorescence mode. The influence of the sorbent medium on both the position and intensity of the fluorescence emission signal is discussed.
Children's responding to live interadult conflict: the role of form of anger expression

Children's responses to interadult arguments were examined as a function of three forms of disputes: covert, verbal, and physical. Four- to seven-year-olds' overt-behavioral responses to live enactments of arguments between a male and a female were videotaped and coded for behavioral distress and anger/aggression, and children were then interviewed. Although children exhibited overt-behavioral distress in response to all forms of disputes, physical arguments evoked the highest levels of distress. Some gender differences in responding were observed. In comparison to boys, girls exhibited more overt distress during the arguments, and wanted to stop physical arguments more frequently. The results extend findings based on the videotape methodology of the presentation of interadult arguments indicating that form of anger expression impacts children's emotional responding to interadult conflict. Language: en
The Coulomb Scattering of Relativistic Electrons and Positrons by Nuclei

The Mott series for the Coulomb scattering of electrons and positrons of high energy is summed numerically for angles varying from 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 150\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and for nuclear charge varying from 13 to 80.
Evaluating the administrative efficiency of courts

Abstract In addition to being held accountable for judicial decision, courts, like other public agencies, can and should be evaluated in terms of their administrative efficiency. This paper illustrates how courts can be evaluated in terms of their relative administrative efficiency, using a new approach—data envelopment analysis (DEA)—first proposed by Charnes et al. [1]. The DEA is based upon the economic notion of Pareto optimality which states that a given decision making unit (DMU) is inefficient if some other DMU, or some combination of other DMUs, can produce at least the same amounts of all outputs with less of some resource input and not more of any other resource. Conversely a DMU is said to be efficient if the above is not possible. Charnes et al. [1] generalized the usual input/output ratio measure of efficiency for a given unit in terms of a fractional linear program with fractional constraints. In the case of courts, the efficiency of any particular court is calculated by forming the ratio of a weighted sum of outputs to a weighted sum of inputs, where the weights for both outputs and inputs are to be selected in a manner that calculates the Pareto-Koopmans efficiency of the court. This paper reviews the DEA method and illustrates its application to a data base for 100 criminal superior courts in North Carolina.
Electrocatalytic response of amino acids at CuMn alloy electrodes

Abstract The anodic voltammetric responses obtained for ethylenediamine and representative amino acids in 0.10 M NaOH (>0.5 V vs. SCE) are significantly larger at preanodized CuMn (95:5) and CuMn (90:10) rotated disk electrodes as compared to the responses at preanodized pure Cu electrodes. The larger response at the CuMn electrodes is demonstrated to result from increased values of the apparent number of electrons transferred (napp) and/or the apparent heterogeneous rate constants (kapp) for the corresponding anodic reactions at these alloy electrodes. It is speculated that these effects are the result of enhanced adsorption of the reactant species at Mn-sites within the response mechanisms at the preanodized CuMn electrode surfaces. We speculate further, that the Mn-sites, whose 3d-orbital occupancy is lower than that of Cu-sites, can adsorb the reactant species via the nonbonded electron pairs of their amine moieties in the alkaline media. The electrocatalytic benefit of adsorption is anticipated to come as a result of an increased lifetime of the reactant species within the applied interfacial potential at the electrode ∣ solution interface.
Induction of hepatic microsomal hydroxylating enzymes by technical piperonyl butoxide and some of its analogs

Although they are usually considered to be inhibitors of hepatic microsomal enzymes, technical piperonyl butoxide (PB) and some of its analogs fed to female adolescent rats for 15 days increased the activity of these enzymes. Responses measured included hexobarbital sleep time, O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole, oxidative cleavage of EPN, microsomal cytochrome P450, and concentration of microsomal protein. PB was fed at 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, and 100,000 ppm with marginally increased activity at 100 ppm, maximum activity at 10,000 ppm, and mortality at 100,000 ppm. The PB analogs safrole, isosafrole, eugenol methyl ether, and isoeugenol methyl ether when fed at 10,000 ppm, all produced marked induction; there was greater response to the methylenedioxyphenyl structures than to the dimethoxyphenyl compounds. Safrole prevented reduction of hexobarbital sleep time, presumably due to an anesthetic effect of safrole itself counteracting the stimulatory effect of enhanced barbiturate metabolism. In 2 × 2 factorial experiments involving dietary levels of 5000 ppm, additivity of induction effects was observed for PB in combination with either phenobarbital or safrole. However, the combination of phenobarbital and safrole produced no greater response than either compound singly, indicating that they probably act by different mechanisms. Conclusions are: (1) inductive ability following repeated exposure is directly proportional to inhibitory ability following acute exposure, (2) these compounds apparently act as alternate substrates of microsomal enzymes, and (3) there is a possibility of induction in animals and man, due to the ubiquity and potential additivity of inductive effects for compounds of this class.
β-Turn peptidomimetics incorporating i + 1–i + 3 residues: solid phase syntheses and conformational properties

Solid phase syntheses of compounds 1 were developed. These gave the products in high crude purities, with little or no detectable head-to-tail dimer contaminants. NMR and CD data, interfaced with computational simulations, indicate these molecules sample β-turn conformations in solution.
Death anxiety of rehabilitation counselors and clients

For 52 rehabilitation counselors and 50 rehabilitation clients, means and standard deviations on Templer's (1969, 1970) Death Anxiety Scale were comparable to those for the general population. Deat...
Quality of Family Life and Mortality in Seventeenth Century Dublin

Inquiry into the quality of family life in seventeenth century Dublin is an attempt to understand conditions in the second largest city in the British Isles; further, the era was one of convulsions in the body politic, social, and religious. The Scottish James I and VI (1556 1625) determined that the Irish province closest to Scotland, Ulster, would be settled = `planted” by Presbyterians. The process was undertaken at the expense of Ulster’s tradition bound, gaelic population. Decades later, that policy of deliberate alienation led to the uprising in 1641 led by Sir Phelim O’ Neill. A decade of violence was summated in an outbreak of bubonic plague from baleful Nature, and by the violent, swift campaign of Oliver Cromwell in 1649. Thirty years later, the Glorious Revolution of 1688, confirmed by the defeat of James II at the Boyne, consolidated power in Ireland in the hands of the Protestant ascendancy. Quality of life in the several decades of turmoil was destroyed for many, but Dublin was spared the physical destruction experienced at Drogheda to the north; Dublin’s deliverance was the work of Colonel Michael Jones and his victory at nearby Rathmines. Subsequently, Dublin’s households flourished in the several parishes; in some piped water was available, but mortality was always high.
Elastic and inelastic scattering of 4d inner-shell electrons in (Y,Gd){sub 2}O{sub 3} studied by synchrotron-radiation excitation

Excitations within the $4f$ shell of ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ in $({\mathrm{Y},\mathrm{G}\mathrm{d})}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are observed by resonant elastic and inelastic soft x-ray scattering with synchrotron radiation. Inelastic scattering takes place when exciting ${4d}^{10}{4f}^{7}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{4d}^{9}{4f}^{8}$ transitions and extends over an energy range of about 10 eV. The features can be assigned to the net transition from the ${}^{8}{S}_{7/2}$ ground state to the sextet multiplets of the ${4f}^{7}$ configuration in ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+},$ which have the same parity as the ground state. The inelastic scattering is maximal when the excitation energy is tuned to the ${4d}^{9}{4f}^{8}{(}^{6}D)$ intermediate state.
Bovine microsomal albumin: amino terminal sequence of bovine proalbumin.

Abstract Bovine liver microsomes contain an albumin having an apparent isoelectric point approximately 0.3 pH unit in excess of bovine serum albumin. Sequence analysis of the purified protein shows that the first ten residues at the amino terminus are: Arg-Gly-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg -Asp-Thr-His-Lys. The data suggest that the hexapeptide (underlined), identical to that found in proalbumin from rat liver, is attached to the amino terminus of bovine serum albumin (the last four residues). By analogy with the rat liver system, this protein therefore is bovine proalbumin, a precursor of bovine serum albumin.