cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teleprescribing Controlled Substances: Flowchart Analysis of the Ryan Haight Act and State Telemedicine Laws

Legal liability concerns rank among the top organizational barriers to telemedicine adoption. Such concerns extend to medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorders and to clinical use of controlled substances in general. These concerns stem from the complex web of federal and state regulations that govern teleprescribing of controlled substances. Existing health law literature on this topic has in large measure summarized regulations and exceptions under the Ryan Haight Act Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act (Ryan Haight Act) or categorized state telemedicine laws by nature and breadth of requirement. However, flowcharts can aid in the cognition, understanding, and evaluation of complex legal knowledge. This study analyzed the Ryan Haight Act, state administrative code, and published telemedicine guidelines using a multimethod qualitative approach. Legal analysis identified the structure and key language of federal statute through examination of sentence structure, logical connectors, punctuation, and key terms and language. Subsequently, Ryan Haight Act and state regulatory compliance flowcharts were developed using an adapted version of the six-stage process described by the American Society for Quality (ASQ). The creation of flowcharts proceeded in an iterative manner, and an interdisciplinary workgroup of subject matter experts reviewed the results for logic, clarity, cohesion, completion, and accuracy. Regulatory compliance flowcharts for teleprescribing of controlled substances may provide practitioners, educators, and advocates a tool for telemedicine risk management, competency-based education, and policy development.
SOME DIESEL EXHAUST REACTIVITY INFORMATION DERIVED BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

Chromatographic analysis of diesel exhaust indicates a number of low molecular weight hydrocarbons, below C6. Using reactivity index as a criterion, much of the diesel exhaust reactivity can be attributed to ethylene and propylene lausnd by the thermal decomposition of the fuel. Hydrocarbons in the C4-C7 range, including high relative reactivity olefins, are generally low in volume concentration and therefore contribute little to the overall exhaust reactivity. Hydrocarbons, in terms of parts per million carbon above C7, are low in present diesel engine design, so individual volume concentrations are generally fractional parts per million. Reactivity per horsepower hour from diesel engine exhaust is less than that from the one small industrial gasoline engine tested by the heavy-duty truck diesel engine cycle. /GMRL/
Studies on Agranulocytosis. II. The Effect of Chlorpromazine upon the Influx of S35 L-Cystine and L-Methionine into Human Leukocytes

1. When whole blood was incubated in vitro with S-35 L-cystine and L-methionine, the blood cells became radioactive. 2. Preincubation of whole blood from normals and from patients susceptible to agranulocytosis with chlorpromazine showed no effect upon uptake of S-35 L-cystine and L-methionine by leukocytes. 3. The in vivo administration of S-35 L-cystine was followed by the appearance of radioactive leukocytes. Peak radioactivity occurred in leukocytes in 5 to 12 days. 4. Pretreatment of test subjects with large doses of chlorpromazine did not block the uptake of S-35 L-cystine by leukocytes in vivo . Leukocytes of women showed an increase in the incorporation of S-35 L-cystine, in vivo . Studies performed in vivo on two persons during recovery from agranulocytosis showed enhanced uptake of L-cystine in one and a normal uptake in the other.
Forecasting the forecastability quotient for inventory management

Abstract This research develops and empirically tests a model for estimating the economic advantage of using a time phased order point system (TPOP) with time series forecasting rather than a simple reorder point system in an independent demand inventory management context. We define the forecastability quotient ( Q ) to support this economic analysis. We implement TPOP in our empirical analysis via double exponential smoothing with a damped trend, and implement ROP through a simple moving average. Our empirical study of a large dataset of time series from a Fortune 100 firm found that Q in the holdout sample can be predicted using just three variables from the estimation sample. Surprisingly, many highly touted time series metrics (e.g., the coefficient of variation and approximate entropy) and forecast accuracy metrics (e.g., the mean absolute percentage error) were not good predictors of Q . We then validated this model on four additional datasets. This research contributes both to the research literature and to managers who need to decide whether an independent demand item should be managed with a TPOP or reorder point system.
Monaural Speech Enhancement Using Intra-Spectral Recurrent Layers in the Magnitude and Phase Responses

Speech enhancement has greatly benefited from deep learning. Currently, the best performing deep architectures use long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to model short and long temporal dependencies. These approaches, however, underutilize or ignore spectral-level dependencies within the magnitude and phase responses, respectively. In this paper, we propose a deep learning architecture that leverages both temporal and spectral dependencies within the magnitude and phase responses. More specifically, we first train a LSTM network to predict both the spectral-magnitude response and group delay, where this model captures temporal correlations. We then introduce Markovian recurrent connections in the output layers to capture spectral dependencies within the magnitude and phase responses. We compare our approach with traditional enhancement approaches and approaches that consider spectral dependencies within a single time frame. The results show that considering the within-frame spectral dependencies leads to improvements.
Overall survival (OS) with docetaxel (D) vs novel hormonal therapy (NHT) with abiraterone (A) or enzalutamide (E) after a prior NHT in patients (Pts) with metastatic prostate cancer (mPC): Results from a real-world dataset.

5537Background: NHT (A and E) are approved first-line (1L) treatment (Rx) for mPC. After progression on NHT, Rx include either alternate NHT or D. However, OS from a randomized trial comparing NHT ...
SGLT2 and cancer

Glycolysis plays a central role in tumor metabolism and growth, and this is reflected in a high rate of glucose uptake. It is commonly assumed that the upregulation of the facilitated glucose transporter GLUT1 meets the tumor's demand for sugar. This underlies the success in using 2FDG PET imaging in the clinic to identify and stage many tumors. However, 2FDG is not a substrate for a second class of glucose transporters, the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters, SGLTs, and so 2FDG PET may not provide a complete picture. A specific new radiotracer to detect SGLT activity has been introduced, Me4FDG, and this provides an opportunity to explore the potential role of SGLTs in supporting tumor glycolysis. In this brief review, I highlight the development of Me4FDG and our preliminary studies of Me4FDG PET in cancer patients. We find that the renal isoform, SGLT2, is expressed in pancreatic and prostate tumors and glioblastomas, and Me4FDG PET introduces a new method to image tumors. As SGLT2 drugs are successful in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus, they may also provide a new therapy.
The evolution of fertility programs for lactating dairy cows

Dairy farmers, dairy veterinarians, and dairy consultants are continually challenged to stay current on the latest recommendations for synchronization protocols. An excellent and up-to-date source of information on synchronization protocols can be found at the DCRC web site: http://www. dcrcouncil.org/. Protocols recommended by the DCRC are reviewed and updated by researchers who develop and test these protocols, and are based on the latest peer-reviewed research published in the scientific literature. The purpose of this paper is to overview the key research underlying development of fertility programs for lactating dairy cows.
Strengthening effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced nickel matrix nanocomposites

Abstract The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced nickel matrix nanocomposites (Ni-CNT) have been processed via ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The CNT content in these nanocomposites has been varied from 0.5 to 2 wt% (approximately from 2 to 8 vol%) to study their effect on the dispersion, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of these composites. Two Ni-CNT composite powders pre-mixing techniques have been employed, namely dry milling (DM) and solution ball milling (SBM), to investigate their effect on the dispersion of CNTs within a nickel matrix. The Ni-CNT powder was milled for different durations (1,2,6 and 12 hrs.) to investigate the milling effect on the grain size and the dispersion of CNTs in the nickel matrix. Ni-CNT nanocomposites exhibited improvement in microhardness and mechanical performance in comparison with pure nickel. Ni-1CNT-DM composites exhibited an excellent combination of the tensile yield strength of 455 MPa and around 13% elongation. This improvement in Ni-CNT nanocomposites is primarily attributed to the uniform dispersion of reinforcement within the nickel matrix, refined grain size, and strong nickel CNT interfacial bonding, which effectively transfers stress during tensile deformation. Various strengthening mechanisms associated with CNT-metal matrix composites have been discussed in detail. We have attempted to quantify the contribution of these strengthening mechanisms using micromechanical models.
When the kids get guns - The effects of lowering the minimum age of firearm possession in Alabama.

At this time, the relationship between firearm minimum age laws and pediatric injury rates remains unclear. In September 2015, Alabama implemented Act 2015-341 (Act 341) which allowed minors to carry guns with parental permission. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect that Act 341 had on firearm injury rates. We created a database of all pediatric patients who presented to the Children's of Alabama's (CoA) emergency department and the Jefferson County Coroner's Office (JCCO) with a gunshot wound injury between May 2011 to December 2019. Wilcoxon ranked sum test analysis were used to contrast the average number of monthly patients arriving before and after implementation of Act 341 and Wilcoxon ranked sum test and Fisher Exact were used to evaluate differences in demographic and outcome data. A total of 316 patients presented within the specified time period with 116 arriving prior to Act 341 and 200 arriving after; an average of 2.21 and 3.85 patients per month respectively. We found an increase of 1.63 patients per month (p < 0.001). There was also significant increases in the proportion of patients who died or had a long-term disability following the event as well as the number of days of admission. Our study is suggestive that lowering the minimum age can lead to increased pediatric injury and indicates that further research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship.
Clinical utility of identification and return of research germline mutation results to gynecologic cancer patients enrolled in total cancer care

Objectives: Approximately 18% of ovarian cancer and 5% of uterine cancer patients have underlying genetic predispositions. All women with ovarian cancer and young women with uterine cancer should receive germline genetic testing and counseling; however, fewer than 20% of ovarian cancer patients complete this process. Patients with germline alterations may respond differently to cancer therapies, and pharmacogene mutations may alter the efficacy and toxicity of cancer treatments. The objectives of our study were to identify associations between germline pharmacogene mutations in gynecologic cancers and to determine the clinical utility of returning research whole exome sequencing germline mutation results to gynecologic cancer patients enrolled in Total Cancer Care (TCC). Methods: At our institution, 229 patients enrolled in TCC underwent research germline whole exome sequencing and consented to return of these results. BAM files were processed in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments-compliant bioinformatics pipeline to identify clinically actionable and selected pharmacogene mutations. To date, our multidisciplinary Molecular Tumor Board has reviewed 112 sequencing reports; 25 of these patients have gynecologic malignancies. Patients with identified American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG)-reportable mutations are recommended to follow up with genetic counseling and confirmatory clinical testing. We compared mutation frequencies and genetic counseling practices with a cohort of 176 patients without malignancy who underwent similar sequencing. Results: We identified ACMG-reportable gene mutations, including BRCA2, MUTYH, and TP53, in 4/25 (16%) of gynecologic cancer patients. Two patients had previously completed genetic counseling and clinical testing. Two patients were recommended for follow-up genetic counseling and confirmatory clinical testing based on their research germline results; one followed up, and one did not. Clinical and research genetic testing were congruent in all cases. Patients with any cancer were more likely to carry any germline pharmacogene mutation (102/112, 91.1%) than patients without malignancy (115/176, 65.3%; p Conclusions: Clinical genetic sequencing may only test for a small subset of pathogenic alterations; research whole exome sequencing may identify additional germline mutations that may carry clinical significance. Our experience reviewing and returning research sequencing results indicates this process can identify patients and families at risk and may identify additional treatment options. Further research on the risk of malignancy and treatment toxicities in patients with pharmacogenetic variants is warranted. Identifying women with germline mutations and follow-up genetic counseling is imperative for personalized cancer treatment.
The Cirs Investigation on Cassini After Six Years at Saturn

The CIRS investigation designed to provide: 1) infrared spectroscopy of thermal emission from atmospheres, rings, and surfaces in 10 +/- 1450 cm(exp -1) (1000 +/- 7 micron) region; 2) global mapping in atmospheres of three dimensional and temporal variation of gas composition, temperatures, dynamics, and aerosols and clouds; and 3) mapping of rings and icy satellite surfaces for composition and thermal properties. Topics include: optical and mechanical layouts, instrument description, preparation for launch, Saturn's rings in the light spectrum, Saturn brightness temperature spectrum, and views of Saturn's surface, rings, and Saturn's moons and their atmospheres.
Pension Plan Distributions: The Importance of Financial Literacy

This chapter examines workers’ plans to take lump sum distributions versus life annuities from employer retirement plans. The analysis is based on before and after surveys of retirement eligible workers who attended employer-provided retirement planning seminars. We consider workers’ planned distributional choices from both defined benefit and 401(k) plans. A minority of respondents plan to take the non-default options, highlighting the importance of framing. Additionally, higher financial literacy is associated with lower rates of annuitization in both plans. We explore how participants change their planned distribution choices after attending seminars that enhance financial knowledge and understanding of retirement plans.
Resource-Based Learning and Course Design: A Brief Theoretical Overview and Practical Suggestions

Ms. Butler argues that librarians teaching legal research should follow resource-based learning pedagogical strategies. Her article provides a background in constructivist educational theory and resource-based learning before identifying useful instructional strategies regarding course design decisions related to goal setting, assignments, rubrics, and assessment.
Primary intraosseous carcinoma of the jaws. Review and update of odontogenic carcinomas.

Abstract According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system, primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) of the jaw is the terminology recommended in lieu of primary intra-alveolar epidermoid carcinoma (PIAEC) of the jaw. Malignification of odontogenic cysts is now considered a separate entity. Therefore, data garnered from previous case series on PIAEC are not applicable to PIOC. This study reviews the literature on PIOC, excluding central carcinoma cases which arose in odontogenic cysts. Twelve cases were found. The PIOC has a predilection for males (3:1), is noted chiefly in adults, occurs most frequently in the mandible, is histologically nonkeratinizing in 58 percent of the cases, and exhibits peripheral palisading in 58 percent of the cases. A plexiform or alveolar pattern was noted in 67 percent of the cases. The prognosis is quite poor, with only 40 percent of the patients surviving more than 2 years. A modification of the WHO classification system to include “ameloblastic carcinoma” is suggested.
Gauss’s Law and the Electric Potential

The fundamentals of electrostatics were given in Chapter 3 as the definition of force through Coulomb’s law and of the electric field intensity. In this chapter, we address two issues: one is to formalize some of the results obtained in the previous chapter and the second is to expand on the ideas of electric field intensity, electric flux density, and the relation between the electric field and material properties.
Behavior and Sleep Problems in Children With a Family History of Autism

The present study explores behavioral and sleep outcomes in preschool-age siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study focuses on behavior problems that are common in children with ASD, such as emotional reactivity, anxiety, inattention, aggression, and sleep problems. Infant siblings were recruited from families with at least one older child with ASD (high-risk group, n = 104) or families with no history of ASD (low-risk group, n = 76). As part of a longitudinal prospective study, children completed the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, and parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Social Communication Questionnaire at 36 months of age. This study focuses on developmental concerns outside of ASD; therefore, only siblings who did not develop an ASD were included in analyses. Negative binomial regression analyses revealed that children in the high-risk group were more likely to have elevated behavior problems on the CBCL Anxious/Depressed and Aggression subscales. To explore sleep problems as a correlate of these behavior problems, a second series of models was specified. For both groups of children, sleep problems were associated with elevated behavior problems in each of the areas assessed (reactivity, anxiety, somatic complaints, withdrawal, attention, and aggression). These findings support close monitoring of children with a family history of ASD for both behavioral and sleep issues.
The Phenomenology of Everyday Life: Empirical Investigations of Human Experience

The Phenomenology of Everyday Life presents results from a rigorous qualitative approach to the psychological study of everyday human activities and experiences. This book does not replace scientific observation with humanistic analysis, but provides an additional perspective on significant human questions. The qualitative approach this book employs is grounded in the philosophical traditions of existentialism and phenomenology, which use dialogue as their major method of inquiry. These traditions are especially well adapted to encompass and describe human events and activities. In addition, such events can be properly investigated only on the basis of a method sensitive enough to articulate the nuances of human experience and reflection. In this latter regard, it is important to note that insights deriving from literature and the humanities are equally revealing of the human world as those from experimental psychology, biology or medicine.
Galerkin FEM for Fractional Order Parabolic Equations with Initial Data in H -s , 0 ≤ s ≤ 1

We investigate semi-discrete numerical schemes based on the standard Galerkin and lumped mass Galerkin finite element methods for an initial-boundary value problem for homogeneous fractional diffusion problems with non-smooth initial data. We assume that Ωi¾?i¾?i¾?ℝ d , di¾?=i¾?1,2,3 is a convex polygonal polyhedral domain. We theoretically justify optimal order error estimates in L 2- and H 1-norms for initial data in H -i¾?s Ω,i¾?0i¾?≤i¾?si¾?≤i¾?1. We confirm our theoretical findings with a number of numerical tests that include initial data v being a Dirac i¾?-function supported on a di¾?-i¾?1-dimensional manifold.
Saturn's rings: Particle composition and size distribution as constrained by microwave observations. I - Radar observations

The radar backscattering characteristics of compositional and structural models of Saturn's rings are calculated and compared with observations of the absolute value, wavelength dependence, and degree of depolarization of the rings' radar cross section (reflectivity). The doubling method is used to calculate reflectivities for systems that are many particles thick using optical depths derived from observations at visible wavelengths. If the rings are many particles thick, irregular centimeter- to meter-sized particles composed primarily of water ice attain sufficiently high albedos and scattering efficiencies to explain the radar observations. In that case, the wavelength independence of radar reflectivity implies the existence of a broad particle size distribution; a narrower size distribution is also a possibility. Particles of primarily silicate composition are ruled out by the radar observations. Purely metallic particles may not be ruled out on the basis of existing radar observations. A monolayer of very large ice 'particles' that exhibit multiple internal scattering may not yet be ruled out.
Multivariate dissemination of species relationships for use in marine spatial planning

Employing ecological approaches to fisheries management or comprehensive marine spatial planning requires that species assemblage structure be accounted for. Fish and invertebrate spatial distributions from the National Marine Fisheries Service demersal trawl survey conducted in the Georges Bank – Gulf of Maine region were analyzed by bootstrapped principal component analysis (PCABtsp) and normal PCA (PCANrml). PCABtsp produced confidence limits for eigenvalue stopping rules and for eigenvectors to identify significantly correlated species. Stopping rules identified the first six principal components (PCs) as relevant. Initially, summer and fall survey data from 1963 to 2006 were analyzed, but high eigenvector variation led to reductions in the species and time series used. Confidence interval variation was achieved through removal of highly migratory species and restriction of the time series. PC scores were mapped using inverse distance weighted interpolation to reveal multispecies spatial arrangements....
Abnormal error processing in depressive states: a translational examination in humans and rats

Depression has been associated with poor performance following errors, but the clinical implications, response to treatment and neurobiological mechanisms of this post-error behavioral adjustment abnormality remain unclear. To fill this gap in knowledge, we tested depressed patients in a partial hospital setting before and after treatment (cognitive behavior therapy combined with medication) using a flanker task. To evaluate the translational relevance of this metric in rodents, we performed a secondary analysis on existing data from rats tested in the 5-choice serial reaction time task after treatment with corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a stress peptide that produces depressive-like signs in rodent models relevant to depression. In addition, to examine the effect of treatment on post-error behavior in rodents, we examined a second cohort of rodents treated with JDTic, a kappa-opioid receptor antagonist that produces antidepressant-like effects in laboratory animals. In depressed patients, baseline post-error accuracy was lower than post-correct accuracy, and, as expected, post-error accuracy improved with treatment. Moreover, baseline post-error accuracy predicted attentional control and rumination (but not depressive symptoms) after treatment. In rats, CRF significantly degraded post-error accuracy, but not post-correct accuracy, and this effect was attenuated by JDTic. Our findings demonstrate deficits in post-error accuracy in depressed patients, as well as a rodent model relevant to depression. These deficits respond to intervention in both species. Although post-error behavior predicted treatment-related changes in attentional control and rumination, a relationship to depressive symptoms remains to be demonstrated.
DNA double strand break repair defect and sensitivity to poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition in human papillomavirus 16-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Patients with human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have increased response to radio- and chemotherapy and improved overall survival, possibly due to an impaired DNA damage response. Here, we investigated the correlation between HPV status and repair of DNA damage in HNSCC cell lines. We also assessed in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor veliparib (ABT-888) in HNSCC cell lines and an HPV+ patient xenograft. Repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was significantly delayed in HPV+ compared to HPV− HNSCCs, resulting in persistence of γH2AX foci. Although DNA repair activators 53BP1 and BRCA1 were functional in all HNSCCs, HPV+ cells showed downstream defects in both non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair. Specifically, HPV+ cells were deficient in protein recruitment and protein expression of DNA-Pk and BRCA2, key factors for non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination respectively. Importantly, the apparent DNA repair defect in HPV+ HNSCCs was associated with increased sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor veliparib, resulting in decreased cell survival in vitro and a 10–14 day tumor growth delay in vivo. These results support the testing of PARP inhibition in combination with DNA damaging agents as a novel therapeutic strategy for HPV+ HNSCC.
Identifying the Mechanisms of Enhanced Water Flow Through Carbon Nanotubes

Pressure-driven water flow through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with diameters ranging from 1.66 nm to 4.99 nm is examined using molecular dynamics simulation. The flow rate enhancement, defined as the ratio of the observed flow rate to that predicted from the no-slip Hagen-Poiseuille relation, is calculated for each CNT. The enhancement decreases with increasing CNT diameter and ranges from 433 to 47. By calculating the variation of water viscosity and slip length as a function of CNT diameter, it is found that the results can be fully explained in the context of continuum fluid mechanics. The enhancements are lower than previously reported experimental results, which range from 560 to 100000, suggesting a miscalculation of the available flow area and/or the presence of an uncontrolled external driving force (such as an electric field) in the experiments.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Suburban Fear, Media and Gated Communities in Durban, South Africa

A disjuncture between the reality of crime and its perception has created a culture of fear within South Africa that bolsters gated community development and an accompanying fear industry that supp...
Vapour-liquid critical lines predicted by distribution function theories

The structure of binary fluid mixtures has been studied using the Ornstein-Zernike equation in the Percus-Yevick (P-Y) approximation. Through the Kirkwood-Buff formalism, the mixture spinodal curves and critical loci have been determined. Results for systems with various interaction parameters are presented to demonstrate the influence of differences in molecular size and attractive interactions upon the critical locus. The predictions of the P-Y theory are compared with those of the van der Waal's one-fluid (vdW-1) theory as well as recent estimates from Monte Carlo computer simulations. Quite good agreement with the computer simulation results for the critical locus is obtained. The P-Y and vdW-1 theories predict the same qualitative behaviour for each of the systems studied.
Higher Biologically Effective Dose of Radiotherapy Is Associated With Improved Outcomes for Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Treated With Chemoradiation: An Analysis of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group

Purpose Patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non–small-cell lung carcinoma (LA-NSCLC) were analyzed for local-regional failure (LRF) and overall survival (OS) with respect to radiotherapy dose intensity. Methods and Materials This study combined data from seven Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trials in which chemoradiotherapy was used for LA-NSCLC: RTOG 88-08 (chemoradiation arm only), 90-15, 91-06, 92-04, 93-09 (nonoperative arm only), 94-10, and 98-01. The radiotherapeutic biologically effective dose (BED) received by each individual patient was calculated, as was the overall treatment time-adjusted BED (tBED) using standard formulae. Heterogeneity testing was done with chi-squared statistics, and weighted pooled hazard ratio estimates were used. Cox and Fine and Gray's proportional hazard models were used for OS and LRF, respectively, to test the associations between BED and tBED adjusted for other covariates. Results A total of 1,356 patients were analyzed for BED (1,348 for tBED). The 2-year and 5-year OS rates were 38% and 15%, respectively. The 2-year and 5-year LRF rates were 46% and 52%, respectively. The BED (and tBED) were highly significantly associated with both OS and LRF, with or without adjustment for other covariates on multivariate analysis ( p Conclusions Higher radiotherapy dose intensity is associated with improved local-regional control and survival in the setting of chemoradiotherapy.
The Role of Material Chemistry in Processing BaTiO3 in Aqueous Suspensions

The application of material chemistry concepts to processing powder suspensions including solution thermodynamics will be demonstrated on several material systems, notably the complex metal oxide, barium titanate, in aqueous environments. After a discussion of the relevant thermodynamic and kinetic issues for fine particles in liquids, various characterization approaches to understand and control the behavior of powders in liquids will be discussed. Various colloidal characterization techniques, high-resolution TEM, and chemical analyses of both the solution and solid exposed to solution have been used to study the nature of the chemical reactions and subsequent altered surface layers in the barium titanate–water system. The key factor in developing an effective aqueous processing scheme for any water sensitive material (and all metal oxides are water sensitive) in aqueous suspension, is recognition that deleterious surface hydrolysis reactions must be prevented. It is shown that local chemical inhomogeneities play a role in abnormal grain growth in the barium titanate system exposed to aqueous environments, but can be controlled with appropriate chemical passivation approaches. The success of a passivation–dispersion approach in the aqueous processing of these materials will be discussed as well as the implementation of the general concept of material chemistry approaches to the aqueous processing of other water sensitive materials.
NDE of residual stress in uranium by means of neutron diffraction

Abstract In the present work, a neutron diffraction technique for the nondestructive measurement of subsurface residual stress gradients in textured metallurgical samples is described. The technique is applied to the characterization of stresses in an aluminum calibration sample and to two depleted uranium-alloy cylinders of differing thermo-mechanical histories. The results confirm the accuracy of the technique and that neutron diffraction now appears to be the only technique by which nondestructive characterization of subsurface residual stress in uranium is possible.
Integrating a health-related-quality-of-life module within electronic health records: a comparative case study assessing value added.

Background: Health information technology (HIT) applications that incorporate point-of-care use of health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessments are believed to promote patient-centered interactions between seriously ill patients and physicians. However, it is unclear how willing primary care providers are to use such HRQL HIT applications. The specific aim of this study was to explore factors that providers consider when assessing the value added of an HRQL application for their geriatric patients. Methods: Three case studies were developed using the following data sources: baseline surveys with providers and staff, observations of staff and patients, audio recordings of patient-provider interactions, and semi-structured interviews with providers and staff. Results: The primary factors providers considered when assessing value added were whether the HRQL information from the module was (1) duplicative of information gathered via other means during the encounter; (2) specific enough to be useful and/or acted upon, and; (3) useful for enough patients to warrant time spent reviewing it for all geriatric patients. Secondary considerations included level of integration of the HRQL and EHR, impact on nursing workflow, and patient reluctance to provide HRQL information. Conclusions: Health-related quality of life modules within electronic health record systems offer the potential benefit of improving patient centeredness and quality of care. However, the modules must provide benefits that are substantial and prominent in order for physicians to decide that they are worthwhile and sustainable. Implications of this study for future research include the identification of perceived “costs” as well as a foundation for operationalizing the concept of “usefulness” in the context of such modules. Finally, developers of these modules may need to make their products customizable for practices to account for variation in EHR capabilities and practice workflows.
Quantum and classical localization in the lowest Landau level

Spatial correlations of occupation probabilities, if their decay is not too fast, can change the critical exponents for classical percolation. From numerical studies of electron dynamics in the lowest Landau level (LLL) we demonstrate the quantum analog of this effect. Similar to classical percolation, we find that the extended Harris criterion applies to localization in the LLL. These results suggest experiments that might probe new quantum critical points in the integer quantum Hall setting.
Electrotransport and effective self-diffusion in pure liquid gallium metal

The de-mixing of isotopes caused by the passage of electric current in liquid metal (“Haeffner-effect”) has been studied in gallium between 18° and 312°C. The relative velocity of 69Ga and 71Ga is about 5 × 10-11 cm3 A-1 sec-1 at the lowest, 2·5 × 1010 at the highest temperature, the light isotope is enriched at the anode. The temperature dependence of the effect is, around the m.p., about equal to that of the self-diffusion coefficient; at higher temperatures the apparent “activation energy” increases. The order of magnitude of the computed (negative) self-transport numbers is 10-4. The effective valency of a diffusing ion, as defined from a Nernst-Einstein type relation, is about - 1·3 at the m.p. Results in other metals are reviewed. Various implications concerning the transport mechanism are discussed. The convection due to current passage in the liquid metal has also been investigated. Its relative contribution to the effective self-diffusion is approximately proportional to the 3rd power of the current, and it decreases as temperature rises. This behavior is in acceptable agreement with proposed models of two parallel convection mechanisms. Molecular self-diffusion coefficients can be obtained with fair accuracy by extrapolation to small currents.
Oxidation behavior of a refractory NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr alloy

Isothermal oxidation behavior of a refractory high-entropy NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr alloy was studied during heating at 1273 K for 100 h in flowing air. Continuous weight gain occurred during oxidation, and the time dependence of the weight gain per unit surface area was described by a parabolic dependence with the time exponent n = 0.6. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy accompanied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the continuous oxide scale was made of complex oxides and only local (on the submicron levels) redistribution of the alloying elements occurred during oxidation. The alloy has a better combination of mechanical properties and oxidation resistance than commercial Nb alloys and earlier reported developmental Nb–Si–Al–Ti and Nb–Si–Mo alloys.
Viscous limits for piecewise smooth solutions to systems of conservation laws

In this paper we study the zero dissipation problem for a general system of conservation laws with positive viscosity. It is shown that if the solution of the problem with zero viscosity is piecewise smooth with a finite number of noninteracting shocks satisfying the entropy condition, then there exist solutions to the corresponding system with viscosity that converge to the solutions of the system without viscosity away from shock discontinuities at a rate of order e as the viscosity coefficient e goes to zero. The proof uses a matched asymptotic analysis and an energy estimate related to the stability theory for viscous shock profiles.
Signature monitoring of nuclear power plant dynamics - Stochastic modeling and case studies

The increasing emphasis on the operational safety of nuclear power reactors necessitates the development of improved on-line and off-line monitoring methods during the normal plant operation. The random fluctuations in the neutron power and other system variables can be processed to extract information about sensor integrity, detection of anomalous conditions, estimation of stability margin, trend analysis, and incipient failure detection. This paper presents some of the recent developments in the areas of multivariate time series modeling and dynamic stochastic modeling with applications to both pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs). Three case studies - sensor fault detection using analytic redundancy, reactor diagnostics using multivariate spectral decomposition, and time dependent parameter estimation of BWR stability margin and steam velocity are discussed.
How Tracking Restricts Educational Opportunity

(1991). How Tracking Restricts Educational Opportunity. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 385-388.
Small-signal analysis and design of constant frequency V 2 peak control

This paper investigates the small-signal model and design considerations for constant frequency V2 peak control. The factorized small-signal control-to-output transfer function is investigated, and the cause of the double poles is explained. Stability criterion is obtained, and design considerations are analyzed for different duty cycle applications, as well as different types of capacitors. To solve the instability problem, two types of compensations (either by adding an external ramp or a current ramp) are examined. The effect of the external ramp and the current ramp are analyzed, and design considerations are given based on the small-signal model. The external ramp is good enough to get a well-damped performance when feedback strength is strong (for example, when employing OSCON caps). However, current ramp is necessary to achieve good dynamic performance when feedback strength is weak (for example, when employing Ceramic caps). The small-signal analysis is verified with a Simplis simulation and experimental results.
Tradeoff between Picture Element Dimensions and Noncoherent Averaging in Side-Looking Airborne Radar

An experiment was performed to determine the effect on radar image interpretation of: 1) rectangular instead of square pixels, and 2) spatial resolution in the presence of noncoherent averaging. The result is a proof of the hypothesis that interpretability of images is determined by a "spatial-gray-level (SGL) resolution volume" that is the product of the range resolution, the azimuth resolution, and a gray-level resolution. The last is defined as the ratio of the value exceeded 10 percent of the time to that exceeded 90 percent of the time for a chi-square distribution having twice as many degrees of freedom as the number of independent samples averaged. Since the area of the pixel enters, rather than explicit dependence on range or azimuth resolution, rectangular pixels are as interpretable as square pixels having the same area. The SGL accounts for the effect of reduction in fading on interpretability. The numerical interpretability assigned by experienced image interpreters asked to look for specific classes of targets was found to fall exponentially with increasing SGL volume, with a scale determined by the class of target. The experiment showed that, for most of the tasks assigned to the interpreters, the interpretability is reduced to 37 percent for a fully focussed synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) (1-look) for a 10-m (33-ft) square pixel. With an infinite number of samples averaged, the comparable square-pixel dimension is 48 m (157 ft). This is consistent with results obtained using LANDSAT images of about 60-m resolution.
Design Considerationd of Printed Circuit VHF TV Tuners

Many TV set manufacturers are considering new chassis designs which use dc controls because of the many advantages offered by that type of system. Perhaps the most important dc control is channel selection. A varactor tuner can be used to make dc tuning possible. The tuner can then be placed anywhere on the TV chassis giving the manufacturer greater flexibility in electrical and mechanical design. In addition, reliability is improved in the absence of mechanical RF switches.
An Investigation of Visualization and Documentation Strategies in Services Advertising

This study examines two advertising strategies— documentation and visualization—on several measures of ad effectiveness across two different types of service offerings (utilitarian and hedonic). Fo...
Influence of the stratospheric turbulence on the adaptive optics systems performance

A joint effect of the non-Kolmogorov stratospheric and Kolmogorov tropospheric turbulence on star image motion is studied, and the theoretical predictions are compared with measured data. It is shown that for a large telescope the stratosphere can produce a considerable effect on star image motion. The stratospheric component of a wavefront tilt, similar to the tropospheric one, is wavelength independent, and that permits us to sense the tilt at visible wavelengths for compensation at near infrared wavelengths. The techniques which permit us to single out the contribution of the stratosphere to star image motion, and to exclude the effect of uncontrolled telescope motion on the measured data are described. An analysis of the stratospheric effect on the phase fluctuations power spectrum of a starlight is performed, and it is shown that this effect possibly should be taken into account for interpretation of the interferometric stellar data.
Effect of Intermolecular Forces on the Static and Dynamic Performance of Air Bearing Sliders: Part I—Effect of Initial Excitations and Slider Form Factor on the Stability

The mechanical spacing between the slider and the disk has to be reduced to less than 5 nm in order to achieve an areal density of 1 Tbit/in 2 . Certain physical phenomena, such as those that can be caused by intermolecular and surface forces, which do not have a significant effect at higher flying heights, become more important at such low head-media separations. These forces are attractive for head-media separation as low as 0.5 nm, which causes a reduction in the mechanical spacing as compared to what would be the case without them. Single degree of freedom models have been used in the past to model these forces, and these models have predicted unstable flying in the sub-5-nm flying height range. Changes in the pitch and the roll angles were not accounted for in such models. A 3-DOF air bearing dynamic simulator model is used in this study to investigate the effect of the intermolecular forces on the static and dynamic performance of the air bearing sliders. It is seen that the intermolecular forces increase the level of flying height modulations at low flying heights, which in turn results in dynamic instability of the system similar to what has also been observed in experiments. The effect of initial vertical, pitch, and roll excitations on the static and dynamic flying characteristics of the slider in the presence of the intermolecular forces has also been investigated. A stiffness matrix is defined to characterize the stability in the vertical, pitch, and roll directions. The fly height diagrams are used to examine the multiple equilibriums that exist for low flying heights. Finally, a study was carried out to compare the performance of pico and femto designs based on the hysteresis observed during the touchdown-takeoff simulations.
Cloning differentially expressed genes by linker capture subtraction.

Abstract We have developed a simple and effective method, designated linker capture subtraction (LCS), for cloning differentially expressed genes between two cell types or between cells treated in two different ways. In the first step of the method, two mRNA populations are converted to double-stranded cDNAs, fragmented, and ligated to linkers for PCR amplification. In the second step, the linkered DNA (tester) from one mRNA population is hybridized to an excess of the unlinkered DNA (driver) from the other mRNA population, followed by incubation with mung bean nuclease which digests single-stranded DNA specifically. This leaves only tester–tester homohybrids to be amplified by PCR in the following step, so as to achieve an enrichment of tester-specific sequences. The amplified PCR products are then used as tester for another round of subtraction. The process of subtraction is carried out three times, and the final PCR products are inserted into a vector for clonal analysis. We have used the strategy to begin to clone and identify the genes expressed differentially between the human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3, which have different tumorigenic and metastatic potentials. We demonstrated strong enrichment of target sequences. We also report the identities of two of the genes expressed differentially in these cell lines. One is prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which is known to be expressed in LNCaP but not in PC-3. The other is vimentin, the differential expression of which has not been reported previously in these prostate cancer cells.