cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Editorial Objectives Supply Chain Management

It is tempting to say that, for a very long time, supply chain management has been a central topic in the field of management science and operations management. In fact, however, it has evolved from the seminal work done in the 1960s on multiechelon inventory models to recent studies of various mechanisms for coordinating supply chain decisions. In this evolution, one sees a clear shift from studying centralized planning models, in which a central planner makes all the decisions to optimize a systemwide objective, to focusing on decentralized systems with independent decision makers. This is no trival change, for it is one step closer to many real life situations, it has brought about another layer of complexity, and it often requires the use of new analytical tools. The department of supply chain management was created to recognize, emphasize, and encourage this change, and it will continue to do so. Organizing supply chain activities is about determining who does what (in the case of managers, who decides what), who knows what, and the economic incentives motivating supply chain members. This suggests that the management of supply chains can be addressed along three dimensions: allocation of decision rights, information elicitation and sharing, and incentive alignment. This framework matches what we observe in practice: vendor-managed inventory is a supply chain partnership to reallocate stocking decision rights; the creation of corporate communication networks is an example of information sharing; and the myriad of contracts signed among supply chain partners are attempts to align incentives. Moreover, the above three dimensions are likely to characterize the research frontier in supply chain management for the years to come. The Department of Supply Chain Management welcomes papers that are motivated by real-world operations problems and contribute to the understanding of supply chain management issues. The contributions can be methodological, conceptual, empirical, application-oriented, etc. The department especially welcomes papers that present novel models that may open up new directions of research. Needless to say, all submitted manuscripts must follow the guidelines of Management Science, and they will be rigorously refereed according to the normal standards of the journal. Please send four copies of the paper to the departmental editor of supply chain management at the address printed above. The associate editors for the department are: Sven Axsater, Lund University Gerard P. Cachon, University of Pennsylvania Gary Eppen, University of Chicago Stephen C. Graves, MIT Albert Y. Ha, Yale University Martin A. Lariviere, Northwestern University Evan L. Porteus, Stanford University Ananth Raman, Harvard University Kaj Rosling, Lund University Jeannette Song, University of California, Irvine Sridhar Tayur, Carnegie Mellon University Seungjin Whang, Stanford University
Sampling Errors in Rawinsonde-Array Budgets.

Abstract Rawinsonde data used for sounding-array budget computations have random errors, both instrumental errors and errors of representativeness (here called sampling errors). The latter are associated with the fact that radiosondes do not measure large-scale mean winds and state variables, but are contaminated by small-scale variations as well. Data from the western Pacific and the summer monsoon of southeast Asia are used to estimate these random errors, and to propagate them through budget computations to assign error bars to derived quantities. The statistics of sampling errors in directly measured variables are estimated from station pair analysis, in which variance is partitioned into contributions by resolved and unresolved scales. Resolved scales contribute the portion that is contained in averages of adjacent sounding stations and/or adjacent launch times (6-h intervals), while the rest of the total variance is defined as unresolved. Magnitudes of unresolved variability for typical rawinsonde-a...
Expanding the paradigm of thiol redox in the thermophilic root of life

Abstract Background The current paradigm of intracellular redox chemistry maintains that cells establish a reducing environment maintained by a pool of small molecule and protein thiol to protect against oxidative damage. This strategy is conserved in mesophilic organisms from all domains of life, but has been confounded in thermophilic organisms where evidence suggests that intracellular proteins have abundant disulfides. Methods Chemical labeling and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis were used to capture disulfide bonding in the proteome of the model thermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus. The redox poise of the metabolome was characterized using both chemical labeling and untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Gene annotation was undertaken using support vector machine based pattern recognition. Results Proteomic analysis indicated the intracellular protein thiol of S. solfataricus was primarily in the disulfide form. Metabolic characterization revealed a lack of reduced small molecule thiol. Glutathione was found primarily in the oxidized state (GSSG), at relatively low concentration. Combined with genetic analysis, this evidence shows that pathways for synthesis of glutathione do exist in the archaeal domain. Conclusions In observed thermophilic organisms, thiol abundance and redox poise suggest that this system is not directly utilized for protection against oxidative damage. Instead, a more oxidized intracellular environment promotes disulfide bonding, a critical adaptation for protein thermostability. General significance Based on the placement of thermophilic archaea close to the last universal common ancestor in rRNA phylogenies, we hypothesize that thiol-based redox systems are derived from metabolic pathways originally tasked with promoting protein stability.
Use of TENS for pain reduction in burn patients receiving Travase.

Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) was found to be as effective as morphine in reducing the pain associated with enzymatic debridement in burn patients. Twenty-four patients who were scheduled for Travase enzymatic debridement were randomly assigned to receive TENS or morphine for pain relief immediately following debridement. Patients reported their pain level on both a visual analogue scale and a verbal categorical scale at 15-minute intervals during the first hour and at hourly intervals through four hours after Travase application. There was no significant difference in the pain reported between the TENS and morphine groups. A statistical difference in pain report was found (ANOVA) over time, but no statistical difference was shown by group assignment. TENS appears to be a nonadditive alternative to morphine in burn patients for reduction of pain associated with enzymatic debridement.
Elations in translation planes of order 16

In this article we prove the following: Let E denote the group generated by the set of all elations in a non-Desarguesian translation plane π of order 16. Then E is elementary abelian or dihedral of order 6 or 10. If ¦E¦=10 then the set of elation axes defines a derivable net contained in an E-invariant Desarguesian net of degree 7 and in this case π is the Hall plane. Thus, the only translation planes of order 16 to admit at least four elations with distinct axes are the Desarguesian and Hall planes.
The process of resident selection : a view from the residency director's desk

In 1992, the Executive Council of the Association of American Medical Colleges recommended that a computerized application system be investigated. Under this system, the application package would include: 1) a standardized application form, 2) a personal statement, 3) a dean's letter, 4) transcripts, 5) a chairman's letter, and 6) United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) scores. To investigate the value residency directors placed on these items, all directors from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education--approved residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology and family practice residency programs were surveyed. The directors were asked to prioritize the usefulness of the proposed components of the Electronic Residency Application Service application package. Transcripts, the dean's letter, and USMLE scores ranked highest (in descending order) for the obstetrics and gynecology residency directors for making decisions about "inviting a student for an interview," whereas the dean's letter, personal statement, and transcripts ranked highest for the family practice residency directors. Both ranked the interview as most valuable in ranking a student in the residency match. Although these two disciplines do not represent all fields, our study indicates that residency programs are not homogeneous in their value systems and that certain characteristics may predict those values.
The Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire

This article introduces the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORF) and provides preliminary information on the instrument. The SCSORF is a quick, easy to administer and score, 10-item scale assessing strength of religious faith. The SCSORF and personality and mood measures (i.e., Symptom Check List-90-Revised, Weinberger Adjustment Inventory, Belief in Personal Control Scale, and several author-designed questions) were administered to 102 undergraduate students. Preliminary findings suggest that the SCSORF is both reliable and valid. Furthermore, significant correlations between strength of religious faith, self-esteem, interpersonal sensitivity, adaptive coping, and hope correspond with previous research, suggesting that mental health benefits are associated with strong religious faith. Implications for future research are also discussed.
Small intestinal absorption ofd-galactose and water in fasted and alloxan diabetic rats

Leerdarm- und Krummdarm-Aufsaugung vond-Galaktose und Wasser wurde mit einer Pumpendurchstromung in vivo bei normalen und Alloxan-diabetischen Ratten gepruft. 24 Stunden Fasten erhohte die Aufnahmefahigkeit normaler Ratten, ergab aber keinen Unterschied zwischen normalen Ratten beim Fasten und solchen, die mit Alloxan fur 24, 48 und 72 Stunden diabetisch wurden.
A low pressure investigation of the stability of phlogopite

Abstract Phlogopite reacts to form orthorhombic kalsilite, leucite, forsterite and fluid (H2O) at 1012 ± 7°C, 400 bars pressure, and 905 ± 5°C at 100 bars pressure. The heat of reaction is 39 ± 4 kcal compared to 44 ± 6kcal for the reaction of annite to form orthorhombic kalsilite, leueite, fayalite and fluid (H2O). The results are consistent with earlier experiments, but not with the interpretations of those experiments.
Tax Affinity Hypothesis: Do We Really Hate Paying Taxes?

Abstract This paper proposes and evaluates the tax affinity hypothesis claiming that individuals derive non-negligible utility from paying taxes due to their pro-social tendencies. We present a model in the neoclassical labor–leisure framework with tax paid as a third argument of the utility function. The Slutsky-like equations derived from this model suggest two testable hypotheses that differentiate it from the standard model. A controlled experiment provides support for the two testable propositions of the hypothesis: (1) subjects worked more in the presence of tax than in its absence at the same net wage rate, and (2) the impact of wage changes on labor supply depended not only on the after-tax wage rate, but also on the tax rate. The tax affinity hypothesis has important implications for tax policy and economic analysis.
Carbon catalysed polymethylbenzene dealkylation1

Abstract Carbon catalyzes polymethylbenzene dealkylation — for example, toluene to benzene. At constant contact time the carbon catalysed reaction gives the same conversion at temperatures 250°C below that of the uncatalyzed reaction. The xylene isomer distribution from 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene dealkylation is similar to that from the uncatalyzed, thermal reaction. A kinetic model for this reaction can be developed as a series of parallel and sequential dealkylations.
The Pharmacological Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Much has been learned about the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in the last decade. Diagnostic criteria are now well-defined, adequate numbers of patients are currently available, and we now have an assessment instrument (the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) that is sensitive to change and has demonstrated reliability and validity. We currently have medications that have been well-studied in adequately designed controlled trials that predictably help the majority of OCD patients. This paper will review the considerable data on the use of medications in patients with OCD. In addition, an approach to patients with resistant symptoms will be presented.
Molecular Basis of Vitamin E Action TOCOTRIENOL POTENTLY INHIBITS GLUTAMATE-INDUCED pp60c-Src KINASE ACTIVATION AND DEATH OF HT4 NEURONAL CELLS

HT4 hippocampal neuronal cells were studied to compare the efficacy of tocopherols and tocotrienol to protect against glutamate-induced death. Tocotrienols were more effective than α-tocopherol in preventing glutamate-induced death. Uptake of tocotrienols from the culture medium was more efficient compared with that of α-tocopherol. Vitamin E molecules have potent antioxidant properties. Results show that at low concentrations, tocotrienols may have protected cells by an antioxidant-independent mechanism. Examination of signal transduction pathways revealed that protein tyrosine phosphorylation processes played a central role in the execution of death. Activation of pp60c-Src kinase and phosphorylation of ERK were observed in response to glutamate treatment. Nanomolar amounts of α-tocotrienol, but not α-tocopherol, blocked glutamate-induced death by suppressing glutamate-induced early activation of c-Src kinase. Overexpression of kinase-active c-Src sensitized cells to glutamate-induced death. Tocotrienol treatment prevented death of Src-overexpressing cells treated with glutamate. α-Tocotrienol did not influence activity of recombinant c-Src kinase suggesting that its mechanism of action may include regulation of SH domains. This study provides first evidence describing the molecular basis of tocotrienol action. At a concentration 4–10-fold lower than levels detected in plasma of supplemented humans, tocotrienol regulated unique signal transduction processes that were not sensitive to comparable concentrations of tocopherol.
Electrochemically self-assembled quantum dot arrays

We report some results pertaining to the magnetic, optical and topographic properties of electrochemically self-assembled quantum dots. Some of these dots self-order into two-dimensional hexagonal-close-packed arrays that are among the most periodic reported so far. We will review nonlinear optical properties of self-assembled CdS quantum dots and present new results pertaining to the nanomagnetic properties of cobalt dots. These structures may have important applications in magnetics, electronics and nonlinear optics.
Pioneering the development of a scale to measure E-tailer image

ABSTRACT Given the risks and returns associated with conducting business online, practitioners and academics alike are urged to gain an understanding of the strategic variables that can offer firms competitive advantages. A strategic variable of importance to traditional retailers is the image that is promoted to consumers. To date the concept of online retail or “e-tail” image has not been assessed in marketing literature. This study forwards the development of a multi-dimensional scale to measure e-tailer image. By way of extensive review of retail image literature, the authors develop a six-dimensional definition of e-tailer image consisting of the functional dimensions of price, merchandise, and service, and the affective dimensions of atmosphere, self/site image congruence, and convenience. Through interviews with online consumers and experts in the field, an item pool is generated to represent e-tailer image. The results of three empirical tests, the first consisting of a student sample and the seco...
Occurrence of Nonoccluded Baculovirus (Baculoviridae) in Microplitis croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the histopathological effects of pathogenic nonoccluded baculovirus (Mc-NOBV) in Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a potential parasitoid for the control of heliothine species of Lepidoptera. This virus is rod-shaped and has a single envelope. Phosphotungstic acid negatively stained virions measure approximately 75 × 270 and 65 × 260 nm in Spurr′s resin thin section. The electron-dense nucleocapsids are approximately 55 × 235 nm in 2% phosphotungstic acid preparation and 50 × 225 nm in thin section. Fat body and midgut epithelium are the principal sites of viral infection. Some viral particles are found in foregut and hindgut epithelia, Malpighian tubules, tracheal matrix, hemocoel, epidermis, muscle, eggs, and reproductive systems of both sexes of M. croceipes. The Mc-NOBV is synthesized in the virogenic stroma (VS). Virions in VS of fat body and midgut epithelium are arranged in a paracrystalline-like structure and are often found dispersed throughout the entire nuclear matrix. Virions in other infected tissues are arranged in irregular patterns. Infected digestive system and fat body cells show noticeable histopathological changes, while other tissues and organs exhibit only slight or no apparent abnormalities. Histopathology of the hypertrophic nuclei, mainly in fat bodies and midgut epithelium, is the first sign of infection in Mc-NOBV. Disintegrated, vacuolated, and ruptured cells and their organelles are first observed 4 days after inoculation.
Effects of renin in rats treated with methylandrostenediol.

SKELTON (1953) reported that methylandrostenediol (MAD) caused mild hypertension and vascular lesions in uninephrectomized rats given 1% NaCl as drinking fluid. In comparison with DCA, MAD caused more renal hypertrophy and greater degenerative changes in the adrenal cortex. The purpose of this study was to examine further the hypertensive effect of MAD and to define the nature of the adrenal lesions. Previous studied have demonstrated that other steroids which elicit hypertension, namely DCA, cortisone and hydrocortisone, sensitize rats to the pressor and vasculotoxic effects of renin (Masson, Corcoran and Page, 1951, 1952; Masson, del Greco, Corcoran and Page, 1953). Similar studies were made in animals pretreated with MAD. METHODS Female albino rats were uninephrectomized and divided in 3 groups of 10 animals each; group averages of body weights were respectively 196, 202, and 202 grams. Groups I and II were given MAD over 90 days, during which group III served as untreated controls.
Negotiating Democracy: Politicians and Generals in Uruguay

Foreword Juan Linz Acknowledgments 1. Introduction: political parties, theories of regime change, and the Uruguayan case Part I. The Crisis and Survival of Uruguayan Political Parties: 2. Politicians and parties in Uruguay: origins and crisis 3. The breakdown of democracy 4. The failure of military institutionalization and political engineering: the survival of political parties Part II. From Authoritarian Crisis To Transition: 5. Attempts at party renewal: from above and below 6. Party and military strategies in the 'dialogue': from partial opening to confrontation after the Parque Hotel talks 7. From mobilization to negotiation: the exhaustion of alternatives 8. The Naval Club pact: party and military strategies in the transition Part III. Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation: 9. The competition for support: leadership strategies and electoral behaviour before and after the 1984 electrons 10. The legacies of authoritarianism and the challenges for democracy Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Index.
Absence of the effect of ephedrine on levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in human lymphocytes.

Abstract Concentrations of 10 −6 to 10 −3 M ephedrine did not increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels of normal human lymphocytes even in the presence of theophylline or cortisol, which enhance the response to isoproterenol or prostaglandin E 1 . Preincubation for 2 hr with ephedrine did not reduce the subsequent effect of isoproterenol, although preincubation with isoproterenol itself did. Therefore, ephedrine is not a direct beta-adrenergic agonist on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Package inductance measurement at high frequencies

A major task in electrical characterization of IC packages is the experimental determination of package R, L, and C. A package self-inductance measurement technique based on network analysis and a lumped-element package model is described. Advantages of this technique include measuring inductance at the high operating frequencies of today's high-speed CMOS and ECL chips, providing information on a package's resonance frequencies and the limit of the lumped-element model, being inherently more accurate than techniques that measure package inductance at lower frequencies, and utilizing a simple one-port measurement method, procedure, and fixture design. Different packages and interconnects including a 160 QFP (quad flat package), a 296-lead TAB (tape automated bonding) tape, a flip TAB structure, and bonding wires of different length were characterized using this technique. >
Bis(1-adamantyl)(2-morpholinophenyl)phosphine (Mor-DalPhos)

(ligand employed in transition metal-catalyzed reactions) Alternate Name: di(1-adamantyl)-2-morpholinophenylphosphine. Physical Data: mp 219–224 °C. Solubility: soluble in most polar organic solvents. Form Supplied in: White to pale yellow powder or crystals. Also commercially available as preformed Au-ligand complexes such as (MeCN)(Mor-Dalphos)Au(I) SbF_6 and [Mor-Dalphos]Au(I)Cl. Analysis of Reagent Purity: NMR, Elemental Analysis. Preparative Method: Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of N-(2-bromophenyl)morpholine and diadamantyl phosphine. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the phosphine is not particularly sensitive to air or moisture although precautions, such as storage under inert atmosphere in a cool place, should be taken during long-term storage. Bis(1-adamantyl)(2-morpholinophenyl)phosphine (Mor-DalPhos) is a phosphine ligand that has been employed in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and Au-catalyzed hydroamination and [3+2] annulations. This ligand, when combined with an appropriate Pd-source, is particularly effective for promoting selective monoarylation processes between aryl electrophiles and nucleophiles such as ammonia, hydrazine, and acetone.
Coyote Nation: Sexuality, Race, and Conquest in Modernizing New Mexico, 1880-1920

With the arrival of the transcontinental railroad in the 1880s came the emergence of a modern and profoundly multicultural New Mexico. Native Americans, working-class Mexicans, elite Hispanos, and black and whitenewcomers all commingled and interactedin the territory in ways that had not been previously possible. But what did itmean to be white in thismultiethnic milieu? And how did ideas of sexuality and racial supremacy shape ideas of citizenry anddetermine who would govern the region? "Coyote Nation" considers these questions as it explores how New Mexicans evaluated and categorized racial identities through bodily practices. Whereethnic groups were numerous and in the wake of miscegenation often difficult to discern, the ways one dressed, bathed, spoke, gestured, or even stood were largely instrumental inconveying one's race. Even such practices as cutting one's hair, shopping, drinking alcohol, or embalming a deceased loved one couldinextricably linka personto a very specific racial identity. A fascinating history of an extraordinarily plural and polyglot region, "Coyote Nation" will be of value to historians of race and ethnicity in American culture."
Recruiting and Retaining of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Groups in Special Education: Defining the Problem

The present article serves as an introduction to a special issue on recruiting and retaining culturally and linguistically diverse populations into the field of special education. Members of the Diversity Committee of the Teacher Education Division (TED) of the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) and selected guest were invited authors. Highlighted in the preliminary article are factors that contribute to the rapid decline of diverse educators, such as inadequate outreach and recruitment that limit diverse faculty and students in colleges and universities, limited financial assistance for post-secondary education, and the invalid use of teacher competency exams to measure teaching skills. As well as other effects, the problem primarily lends to the over-representation of diverse students in special education. Subsequent articles in this issue will suggest viable and effective strategies teacher educators can employ to increase the diverse teacher pool. After reading this issue, we hope that you will ha...
Mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic protein changes in hearts from copper-deficient rats: up-regulation of PGC-1α transcript and protein as a cause for mitochondrial biogenesis in copper deficiency

Changes in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic proteins using proteinomics and Western blotting in hearts from copper-deficient rats were explored in this study. Also, key enzymes that are involved in cardiac energy metabolism via glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation and related transcription factors were determined. Rats were fed one of two diets: a copper-adequate diet containing 6 mg Cu/kg diet or a diet with less than 1 mg Cu/kg diet for 5 weeks. Copper deficiency was confirmed by low liver copper levels, decreased hematocrit levels and cardiac hypertrophy. Proteinomic data revealed that of the more than 50 proteins identified from the mitochondrial fraction of heart tissue, six were significantly down-regulated and nine were up-regulated. The proteins that were decreased were beta enolase 3, carbonic anhydrase 2, aldose reductase 1, glutathione peroxidase, muscle creatine kinase and mitochondrial aconitase 2. The proteins that were up-regulated were isocitrate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, transferrin, subunit d of ATP synthase, transthyretin, preproapolipoprotein A-1, GRP 75, alpha-B crystalline and heat shock protein alpha. Follow-up Western blots on rate-limiting enzymes in glycolysis (phosphofructose kinase), fatty acid oxidation (medium chain acyl dehydrogenase, peroxisome proliferator-actvator receptor-alpha or PPARalpha) and gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) did not reveal changes in metabolic enzymes. However, a significant increase in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha protein, as well as the transcript, which increased 2.5-fold, was observed. It would appear that increased mitochondrial biogenesis known to occur in copper deficiency hearts is caused by an increased expression in the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1alpha.
Protonation sites in a heteropolyvanadate of phosphorus: X-ray crystal structure of (Me3NH)4(NH4)[H4PV14O42]

Abstract The reaction of (NH4)2HPO4 with (NH4)2Na2K2V10O28, followed by addition of Me3NHCl, yields dark crystals of the phosphovanadate cluster (Me3NH)4(NH4)[H4PV14O42]. The structure consists of an α-Keggin framework capped by two [VO] subunits. The protonation sites were identified as the doubly-bridging oxygens, O10. Crystal data: orthorhombic space group Fddd, a=10.706(2), b=23.581(4), c=37.271(8) A, V=9409.3(22) A3, Z=8. X-ray data were collected on a Siemens R3m/V diffractometer using a θ/2θ scan technique with graphite monochromated MoKα radiation. A total of 2733 reflections was collected (to 2θ=55°), of which 1850 were used in subsequent structure solution and refinement (I>3σ(I)). The structure was solved by direct methods, and least-squares refinement converged at R=0.033.
PLASTICITY OF THE ELECTRIC ORGAN DISCHARGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE REGULATION OF IONIC CURRENTS

Weakly electric fish emit electric organ discharges (EODs) to locate objects around themselves and for communication. The EOD is generated by a simple hierarchically organized, neurophysiologically accessible circuit, the electromotor system. A number of forms of plasticity of the EOD waveform are initiated by social or environmental factors and mediated by hormones or neurotransmitters. Because the behavior itself is in the form of electric discharges, behavioral observations easily lead to testable hypotheses about the biophysical bases of these plasticities. This allows us to study ionic channels in their native cellular environments, where the regulation of various parameters of these currents have obvious functional consequences. In this review, we discuss three types of plasticity: a rapidly occurring, long-lasting, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor-dependent increase in baseline firing frequency of neurons in the pacemaker nucleus that underlies a readjustment of the baseline EOD frequency after long bouts of the jamming avoidance response; a rapidly occurring diurnal change in amplitude and duration of the EOD pulse that depends in part on modulation of the magnitude of the electrocyte Na+ current by a protein kinase; and a slowly occurring, hormonally modulated tandem change in pacemaker firing frequency and in the duration of the EOD pulse in which changes in EOD pulse duration are mediated by coordinated shifts in the activation and inactivation kinetics of the electrocyte Na+ and K+ currents.
C-Terminus on Acitn: Spectroscopic and Immunochemical Examination of its Role in Actomyosin Interactions

The understanding of force generation during cyclic interactions of myosin with actin requires a detailed description of actomyosin interface and its evolution during ATP hydrolysis. Until now, driven by the availability of mutants1–4 and atomic resolution structure of actin5, the mapping of actomyosin interface has focused on the determination of myosin binding sites on actin. Two proximal areas on actin, in the N- and C-terminal regions of this protein, have been implicated by structural considerations5,6 and biochemical7,8, immunochemical, NMR, and mutagenic studies1–3,15 in the binding of myosin heads (S-1). Immunochemical10and mutagenic approaches16 suggested also the involvement of residues 91–103 on actin in actomyosin interactions. While the previous studies produced a general agreement on the important contribution of N-terminal acidic residues 1–4 on actin to the activation of the myosin ATPase activity and the motility of actin filaments, the actual role of actin’s C-terminal residues in actomyosin interactions has not been assessed. An interesting approach to this task, which was employed also in the work on LC-2 myosin light chains17, was taken by Labbe et al.10 These authors modified the penultimate cysteine residue on actin, Cys-374, with N-iodoacetyl-N’-(5-sulpho-1-naphtyl)ethylenediamine (1,5- IAEDANS) and showed in solid phase immunochemical assays (ELISA) that S-1 and antidansyl antibodies competed with each other for the binding to the modified cysteine.
Impairment in Children With and Without ADHD: Contributions From Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Callous-Unemotional Traits

Objective: To ascertain the association of childhood ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) on functional impairment and to test the moderating influence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Method: Ethnically diverse 6- to 9-year-old children with (n = 59) and without (n = 47) ADHD were ascertained using multiple methods (i.e., rating scales and structured interview) and informants (i.e., parent, teacher, and interviewer). Results: Using ratings of impairment that were independent of the diagnostic assessment of ADHD and ODD, the association between ADHD and impairment was significantly moderated by CU traits, such that CU traits positively predicted impairment at low and moderate levels of ADHD but not at high levels of ADHD. CU traits did not moderate the association of ODD and impairment. Conclusion: The authors discuss findings within the context of multiple pathways to and from negative outcomes and the utility of evaluating CU traits in studies of ADHD and conduct problems.
Sensitivity of Conceptual and Physically Based Hydrologic Models to Temporal and Spatial Rainfall Sampling

This study investigated the impact of temporal and spatial sampling of rainfall on runoff predictions using a physically based [System Hydrologique European (MIKE SHE)] and conceptual [hydrologic modeling system (HMS)] hydrologic models. The numerical models were applied to Goodwin Creek watershed in northern Mississippi. The drainage area of Goodwin Creek is approximately 21.4 km2 . This study showed that MIKE SHE was more sensitive to both the spatial and the temporal samplings of rainfall than the HMS. The study also showed that errors introduced by coarse sampling scenarios can be significant. Overall, for this particular watershed size, increasing the rain gauge density from 1 to 2 resulted in the most significant improvement for both models. Similarly, a temporal sampling frequency beyond 1 h showed significant deterioration in the quality of the runoff prediction. The combined spatial–temporal sampling experiment showed that increasing the temporal sampling compensates, at least partially, for the ...
Preliminary Assessment of Higher-Order u-p Elements for Poromechanics Applications

The requirement of C 0 continuity for the pressure interpolation in coupled u-p formulations necessitates the presence of pressure degrees of freedom along element edges (for two-dimensional elements) and faces (for three-dimensional elements) in continuous pressure elements. This translates into a larger number of pressure degrees of freedom per element as compared to mixed elements with discontinuous pressure interpolations. Not surprisingly, the number of potential mixed elements that exhibit stable response, particularly under incompressible or nearly incompressible conditions, is smaller than in the case of elements with discontinuous pressure interpolations. Traditionally, u-p finite element analyses of geomaterials employed two- and three-dimensional mixed finite elements with linear pressure interpolations and a quadratic displacement interpolation. Since such elements are known to generally yield stable results, they have been used rather extensively in the past and form a basis against which to compare the performance of newer mixed elements with continuous pressure approximations. To a lesser degree, two- and three-dimensional mixed finite elements with continuous pressure interpolations that employ a so-called displacement “bubble” function have also been used in u-p finite element analyses of geomaterials. “Bubble” functions are additional displacement degrees of freedom that are included at an interior node in the element. In both “Taylor-Hood” and “bubble” function elements the pressure interpolation is linear. Higher-order pressure interpolations are relatively rare, being confined to quartic triangular u-p elements (in displacement) with a quadratic pressure interpolation. Not surprisingly, systematic assessments of such elements have not appeared in the literature. This paper describes the preliminary phases of just such an assessment for two-dimensional elements. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The requirement of C 0 continuity for the pressure interpolation in coupled up formulations means that by their nature, continuous pressure elements must have
Do Family Interventions Improve Health

The central aim of this article is to examine the evidence that family interventions improve health in persons with chronic illness and their family members, across the life span. The review focuses on recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of family intervention research. In adults, evidence supports the salutary effects of family interventions versus usual medical care for patient health and mental health, and for family member health. In children, robust evidence supports family-based multimodal interventions for obesity treatment. Reasonable evidence supports family approaches to type 1 diabetes treatment in children. Nurses led the research or were members of interdisciplinary research teams in several of these literatures, representing one quarter to one third of the research cited, but were absent in other literatures, such as family treatment of childhood obesity.
Mapping the History of Environmental Impacts of Land-Falling Hurricanes in the Southeastern United States - A Demonstration for Isabel

The objective of our research is to develop a framework to perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis of land use, land cover (LULC) change along the historical record of the terrestrial tracks of hurricanes and tropical storms since the beginning of the earth observation satellite era. Here we present a phenological disturbance filter based on MODIS vegetation indices to detect and characterize the impact of Hurricane Isabel, which made landfall on the Outer Banks in North Carolina on 18th September 2003. The results show that woody wetland areas have a pronounced and localized decrease in phenological activity in the two following years, likely due to the disturbance created by flooding, erosion and wind damage. At the regional scale, we identify a relationship between vegetation stress measured by the persistence of below average EVI anomalies, and the frequency of hurricane and tropical storm in the coastal plain of North Carolina. This analysis also shows a direct link between hurricanes and tropical storms (TS) and drought relief in this region.
Neural network based saturation model for round rotor synchronous generator

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) based technique to model saturation for a round rotor synchronous generator. The effects of excitation level, rotor angle, and real power generation on generator saturation are included in the modeling process. To illustrate the technique, small excitation disturbance tests are conducted on a 7.5 kVA, 240 V, 60 Hz round rotor synchronous generator at various levels of excitation and loading. The small excitation disturbance responses are processed by a recursive maximum likelihood algorithm to yield estimates of mutual inductances L/sub ad/ and L/sub aq/ at each operating condition. By developing a suitable training pattern, variables representative of generator operating condition are mapped to mutual inductances L/sub ad/ and L/sub aq/. The developed models are validated with measurements not used in the training process and with large disturbance responses.
A Simplified Picture for Transient Enhanced Diffusion of Boron in Silicon

In recent years, transistor junction formation in complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices by ion implantation has encountered serious limitations due to transient enhanced diffusion (TED) during the annealing step. Current models of TED rely heavily on detailed simulations of the complex diffusion-reaction network that governs TED, and often rely on fitted parameters whose values are uncertain. The present work uses a more rigorous set of rate parameters obtained from a maximum likelihood estimation to develop a relatively simple analytical treatment of boron TED that is capable of estimating the degree of profile spreading and the temperature at which TED should begin to occur significantly. The treatment suggests that reduction of TED should focus on implantation schemes and heating programs designed to decrease the number of clusters slightly smaller than the very largest.
The role of lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer: The mayo clinic experience

While endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the USA, it is the second most common gynecologic malignancy after cervical cancer worldwide and has been responsible for an increasing percentage of cancer deaths in recent years [1, 2]. There is poor consensus on the extent of surgery needed to treat patients with EC who have no evidence of extrauterine spread. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy has been the cornerstone of surgical treatment, while the addition of lymph node evaluation varies according to surgeon and institutional preferences. Comprehensive surgical staging has been traditionally utilized in only 30–40 % of EC patients in the USA [4]. In comparison, lymphadenectomy is performed infrequently in some European countries in women with stage I EC.
Financial Contribution of Residents When Billing as “Junior Associates” in the “Surgical Firm”

Objective There is an increasing number of proposals to change the way Graduate Medical Education is funded. This study attempts to estimate the potential financial contribution of surgical residents using an alternative funding mechanism similar to that used by law firms, which would allow surgery departments to bill for resident activity as “junior associates.” Methods Following 24 residents over a period of 12 weeks, we were able to estimate the annual revenue that they generated from operating room procedures, independent consultations, patient management, and minor procedures using Medicare reimbursement rates. The appropriate first assistant modifier was used to calculate the operating room procedure fees, but full price was used to calculate the revenue for minor procedures, patient management, and consultations done independently. We adjusted for vacation time and academic activities. Results Including postgraduate year 1 residents, the estimated yearly revenue generated per resident in first assistant operative services was $33,305.67. For minor procedures, patient management, and independent consultations, the estimated yearly revenue per resident was $37,350.66. The total estimated financial contribution per resident per year was $70,656.33. Excluding postgraduate year 1 residents, as most states require completion of the intern year before full licensure, the estimated yearly revenue generated per resident in first assistant operative services was $38,914.56. For minor procedures, patient management, and independent consultations, the estimated yearly revenue per resident was $55,957.33. The total estimated financial contribution per resident per year was $94,871.89. Conclusions Residents provide a significant service to hospitals. If resident activity was compensated at the level of supervised “junior associates” of a surgery department, more than 75% of the direct educational costs of training could be offset. Furthermore, we believe this value is underestimated. Given the foreseeable changes in Graduate Medical Education funding, it is imperative that alternative approaches for funding be explored.
Environmental aspects of planarization processes

This chapter addresses the occurrence, behavior, and treatment of nanosized (<100 nm) alumina, ceria, and amorphous silica particles in the wastewater generated from chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) processes during the manufacture of semiconductor wafers. The chapter is primarily directed to engineers who may need to design and/or operate wastewater treatment processes in semiconductor manufacturing facilities (fabs). The composition of CMP slurry wastewaters is described, along with the principal physical and chemical processes that influence the behavior of alumina, ceria, and silica particles in an aqueous system. Key unit operations that may be applicable to the removal of nanosized particles from wastewaters are described, including coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, flotation, electrocoagulation, and biological wastewater treatment. The engineered application of these unit operations to the removal of nanosized particles is currently gated by the limited availability of information on actual performance and operational experience. Key research needs are described, including the need for validated analytical methods for measuring nanoparticle fate and behavior in complex waste streams, as well as for evaluating the long-term stability of nanoparticles in the solid concentrates that are produced by wastewater treatment.
TITUS: A General Finite Element System

TITUS is a general finite element structural analysis system which performs linear/non-linear, static/dynamic analyses of heat-transfer/thermo-mechanical problems.
Anterior intramuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve

The surgical management of cubital tunnel syndrome is well documented in the literature. Anterior intramuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve is indicated for chronic cubital tunnel syndrome with symptoms refractory to conservative therapy. Prompt diagnosis is essential to yield excellent results. Extreme care must be exercised in the performance of anterior intramuscular transposition. The surgeon must know the details of medial epicondylar anatomy and pathophysiology, as well as all possible sites of potential nerve compression. The placement of the transposed nerve in an intramuscular bed requires that all fibrous septae are resected from the shallow trough created for the nerve to avoid scar formation. Postoperatively, the arm is immobilized for 3 weeks, after which range-of-motion exercises are begun. By the eighth postoperative week, most patients are able to resume their regular activities, including manual labor. Recurrence or persistence of symptoms postoperatively typically is traced to an inadequate decompression of the nerve. Common sites of persistent ulnar nerve compression include (1) the medial intermuscular septum, (2) the arcade of Struthers, (3) fibrous bands immediately proximal or distal to the cubital tunnel, (4) persistence or kinking at the arcuate ligament of Osborne, (5) Spinner's ligament or other fascial slings, and (6) incomplete anterior transposition. Anterior intramuscular transposition of the ulnar nerve is attractive for its relative ease of dissection, simplicity, reliability, and low morbidity. Transposition of the nerve into a shallow muscular trough deep only to the flexor-pronator fascia is a logical, effective, and consistently reliable method of treating cubital tunnel syndrome refractory to conservative management.
New advances in geophysical inversion in mineral exploration

The geophysical inversion is an ill-posed problem. The solution of this problem requires the application of the corresponding regularization methods (Tikhonov and Arsenin, 1977). The traditional way to implement regularization in the solution of the inverse problem is based on a consideration of the class of inverse models with a smooth distribution of the model parameters. Within the framework of classical Tikhonov regularization, one can select a smooth solution by introducing the corresponding minimum norm, or ``smoothing' stabilizing functionals. This approach is widely used in geophysics and has proven to be a powerful tool for stable inversion of geophysical data.
Evaluation of Phenology Models Using Field Data: Case Study for the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum , and the Blue Alfalfa Aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Four phenology models that accumulate development based on daily temperature are evaluated for their ability to simulate and predict development of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and the blue alfalfa aphid, A. kondoi Shinji, in the field. Although the most complex of these models fits the development data best, the simpler models prove to be better at prediction. This result has important implications for the use of phenology models in the field.