cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of body size on mating and reproduction in brachinus lateralis coleoptera carabidae

. 1. The causes and reproductive consequences of body size variation of Brachinus lateralis Dejean, a parasitic carabid beetle, were investigated. 2. Body size variation occurs within and between sites. Host size has a major influence on body size of the adult. 3. Fecundity is positively correlated with body size. Egg size is not correlated with body size. 4. Mating males tend to be larger than non-mating males. There is a positive correlation of body sizes in mating pairs. 5. Limited opportunity for host choice may maintain size variation despite the advantages of large size. 6. The non-random patterns of mating for a species without obvious intrasexual aggression suggest that subtle means of male-male competition or female choice may be important.
The Sharpe Ratio

. Over 25 years ago, in Sharpe [1966], I introduced a measure for the performance of mutual funds and proposed the term reward-to-variability ratio to describe it (the measure is also described in Sharpe [1975] ). While the measure has gained considerable popularity, the name has not. Other authors have termed the original version the Sharpe Index (Radcliff [1990, p. 286] and Haugen [1993, p. 315]), the Sharpe Measure (Bodie, Kane and Marcus [1993, p. 804], Elton and Gruber [1991, p. 652], and Reilly [1989, p.803]), or the Sharpe Ratio (Morningstar [1993, p. 24]). Generalized versions have also appeared under various names (see. for example, BARRA [1992, p. 21] and Capaul, Rowley and Sharpe [1993, p. 33]).
Molecular control of the threshold voltage of an NMOS Inversion layer

We have developed a hybrid molecular-MOSFET structure that is sensitive to the presence of a molecular monolayer attached to its surface. The device is fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator wafer and we use a substrate voltage, Vsub, to invert the buried Si:SiO2 interface. This allows the top surface of the silicon to be free of any insulating layers, apart from a thin native oxide that forms on exposure to air. The buried inversion layer is only a few hundred angstroms away from the exposed surface, and the threshold voltage of the device, Vth, is strongly influenced by the surface potential. A spiropyran monolayer is attached to the surface of the device by means of carboxylic-SiO2 bonding. After attachment of the monolayer, the threshold voltage of the device shifts to more negative values. We explain this result in terms of an increase in the concentration of fixed positive charge at the upper Si:SiO2 interface due to protonation of the surface by the molecular monolayer.
Dynamic detection of object capability violations through model checking

In this paper we present a new tool called DOCaT (Dynamic Object Capability Tracer), a model checker for JavaScript that detects capability leaks in an object capability system. DOCaT includes an editor that highlights the sections of code that can be potentially transferred to untrusted third-party code along with a trace showing how the code could be leaked in an actual execution. This code highlighting provides a simple way of visualizing the references untrusted code potentially has access to and helps programmers to discover if their code is leaking more capabilities then required. DOCaT is implemented using a combination of source code rewriting (using Sweet.js, a JavaScript macro system), dynamic behavioral intercession (Proxies, introduced in ES6, the most recent version of JavaScript), and model checking. Together these methods are able to locate common ways for untrusted code to elevate its authority.
Police Labor Unrest and Lengthy Contract Negotiations: Does Police Misconduct Increase with Time Spent Out of Contract?

Abstract: This paper presents evidence of the eect of labor unrest on labor production in the policing context using data from New York City. When contract negotiations last for an extended period, old contracts can expire before new ones are approved. Working under an expired contract, or being "out of contract," can be costly for police o¢ cers both monetarily and psychologically. This paper studies the eect of time spent out of contract on police misconduct using new data and a research design that exploits the fact that dierent ranks of NYPD o¢ cers are out of contract at dierent points in time and for dierent lengths of time. I …nd evidence that incidents of police o¢ cer discourtesy and abuse of authority increase with the amount of time spent out of contract; there is no statistically signi…cant relationship between incidents of excessive force and time spent out of contract.
Characterization of lung inflammation and its impact on macrophage function in aging

Systemic inflammation that occurs with increasing age (inflammaging) is thought to contribute to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to several disease states. The elderly are at significant risk for developing pulmonary disorders and infectious diseases, but the contribution of inflammation in the pulmonary environment has received little attention. In this study, we demonstrate that the lungs of old mice have elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and a resident population of highly activated pulmonary macrophages that are refractory to further activation by IFN-γ. The impact of this inflammatory state on macrophage function was determined in vitro in response to infection with M.tb. Macrophages from the lungs of old mice secreted more proinflammatory cytokines in response to M.tb infection than similar cells from young mice and also demonstrated enhanced M.tb uptake and P-L fusion. Supplementation of mouse chow with the NSAID ibuprofen led to a reversal of lung and macrophage inflammatory signatures. These data indicate that the pulmonary environment becomes inflammatory with increasing age and that this inflammatory environment can be reversed with ibuprofen.
Thiol-mediated degradation of DNA adsorbed on a colloidal gold surface.

When [32P]-labeled DNA is adsorbed on colloidal gold from a 130 mmol dm−3 solution of KH2PO4, it can subsequently be eluted with cold DNA without undergoing detectable degradation. Similarly, DNA can be incubated in solution in the presence or absence of colloidal gold with high concentrations of β-mercaptoethanol or hexane-1-thiol without significant degradation. However, when adsorbed DNA is eluted from gold with solutions of one of the thiols, it is recovered as a mixture of mononucleotides and short oligomers. The extent of degradation increases with increasing concentration of the thiol and with increasing elution temperature. Our results emphasize that in designing protocols involving DNA adsorbed on gold surfaces, it is important to avoid allowing the DNA to come into contact with even moderate concentrations of thiols. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Is there power in perception?: perceived economic condition and perceived immigrant population their impact on negative attitudes towards immigrants

As the oldest known conifer species in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), yellow cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) (Spach)) represent an underexploited paleoclimate resource of significant dendroclimatological value. This is the first dendroclimatological study of high elevation yellow cedar within the North Cascades of Washington. In addition, I explored the coherence of yellow-cedar chronologies at the regional scale. I established master tree-ring chronologies and radial-growth characteristics of 50 high-elevation yellow cedars from four sites along the west slope of the North Cascades. Significant (p<0.05) mean inter-series (r=0.61) and inter-site (r=0.75) correlations in radial-growth pattern revealed a common limiting factor to yellow-cedar growth within the region. Correlation (r=0.23-0.54) between PRISM climate data and the master chronologies indicated that summer minimum temperatures were the dominant limiting factor of growth for North Cascades yellow cedar. By expanding the sample area to include yellow-cedar chronologies from Mount Rainier WA and Vancouver Island BC, I showed a significant shared pattern of radial growth between these regions. In order to determine the influence of multi-decadal climate forcings associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), I constructed an averaged PNW treering chronology. Correlation analysis detected the influence of the PDO throughout the chronology. Wavelet analysis revealed the low-resolution (150-250 year) influences of temperature across the regional chronology and significant suppressed growth at all sites in response to stratospheric volcanic eruptions during the 1810’s. Further sampling and the inclusion of yellow cedar in multi-proxy reconstructions could improve scientific understanding of paleoclimate in the PNW.
Effects of On-Board and Dockside Handling on the Formation of Biogenic Amines in Mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus), Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), and Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares)

Consumer illnesses by scombroid poisonings have been a continuing problem for many years. The intoxications follow the ingestion of fish such as tuna and mahimahi that have undergone bacterial decomposition, leading to the formation of biogenic amines. Research studies have concluded that histamine is one of the indicators of scombrotoxic fish and that other amines, such as cadaverine, could be involved in the illnesses. Guidance for the handling of fish on board fishing vessels to prevent the production of scombrotoxic fish has been limited by a lack of data addressing changes that occur in fish from the water to delivery at dockside. In this study, the changes in selected biogenic amines were determined in mahimahi and tuna, which were captured and held in seawater at 25 to 35 degrees C for incubation times up to 18 h. The fillets from the treated fish were sectioned by transverse cuts and analyzed for histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine. Results showed that at 26 degrees C, more than 12 h of incubation were required before a histamine concentration of 50 ppm was reached in mahimahi. At 35 degrees C, 50 ppm histamine formed within 9 h. Similar results were found for skipjack and yellowfin tuna. Histamine concentrations exceeded 500 ppm within an additional 3 h of incubation in mahimahi. At both temperatures, an increase in the concentration of cadaverine preceded an increase in histamine levels. Changes in putrescine concentrations in the fish were less pronounced. The study also demonstrated that histidine decarboxylase activity was retained in some frozen samples of fish and could result in further increases in histamine on thawing.
Spatial pavement roughness from stationary laser scanning

AbstractPavement roughness is a key parameter for controlling pavement construction processes and for assessing ride quality during the life of a pavement system. This paper describes algorithms used in processing three-dimensional (3D) stationary terrestrial laser scanning (STLS) point clouds to obtain surface maps of point wise indices that characterise pavement roughness. The backbone of the analysis is a quarter-car model simulation over a spatial 3D mesh grid representing the pavement surface. With the rich data-set obtained by 3D scanning, the algorithms identify several dynamic responses and inferences (suspension, acceleration and jerk) at each point in the domain. Variability in the indices is compared for a ‘rough’ pavement and a ‘smooth’ pavement in the spatial domain for different speed simulations of the quarter-car model. Results show high spatial variability in the various roughness indices both longitudinally and transversely (i.e. different wheel path positions). It is proposed that pavem...
Glutamine synthetase in cultured whole retinas from the embryonic chick. Role of protein and RNA syntheses in 4 degrees C storage enhancement.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) activity is enhanced in cultured whole retinas when a 72 h incubation at 37°C is preceded by storage at 4°C for 2–24 h. This enhancement occurs even in the absence of glucocorticoids and is maximal in retinas from 11 to 14 d embryos. In comparison, cortisol-induced increases in retinal GS activity at 37°C are optimal in retinas from 8 to 12 d embryos.
Magneto—Optical Properties of Amorphous TbFe Alloys

Hysteresis loops and anisotropy energy constants are measured in a magneto-optical system that combines Kerr rotation and ellipticity to enhance signal strength. Temperature dependence of the polar Kerr effect is compared with the magnetization of the iron subnetwork in the mean-field approximation and good agreement is obtained. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is studied by magneto-optical methods, yielding the first two coefficients of the series expansion of anisotropy energy in terms of the angle of deviation from the easy axis.
Ethics education in dental school: continuing the conversation.

Dear Dr. Alvares: In “Why Our Ethics Curricula Don’t Work” in the April 2004 Journal of Dental Education (J Dent Educ 2004;68:412–25[OpenUrl][1]), Dr. Charles N. Bertolami raises thoughtful questions about the efficacy of current teaching methods in ethics curricula for dental students.
Study on the determination of phosphine in the air of workshops

Objective] To study a simple and rapid method of determining phosphine in the air of workshops. [Methods] Based on an international method, solution of ammonium molybdate made with a certain concentration of sulfuric acid was used to determine phosphine in the air of workshops. [Results] The result showed that the optimum condition was: 0.2 ml of ammonium molybdate (50 g/L, made with 35% of sulfide acid), reaction time 20 minutes and color 690 nm. [Conclusion] The experimental procedure is simplified by canceling the step of adding sulfide acid, therefore experimental speed is enhanced.
Report of Ad Hoc Benefit Corporation Committee: Executive Committee, Business Law Section, State Bar of Georgia

Due to recent corporate law developments across numerous states (including Delaware), the Executive Committee of the Business Law Section of the State Bar of Georgia sought to determine whether responsive legislation should be enacted in Georgia. Consequently, in February 2013, the Executive Committee appointed ten members of the Georgia Bar to a committee, The Ad Hoc Benefit Corporation Committee (the "Committee"), for the purpose of examining these recent corporate law developments and recommending changes (if any) to Georgia law to the Executive Committee for its further consideration. This document constitutes the Committee’s report to the Executive Committee. Part I of this report contains the Committee’s recommendations. Part II of this report contains detailed background information and the basis for the Committee’s recommendations.
Hydraulic Properties of Perforated Well Casings

Hydraulic performance of well casings of varied perforation characteristics are discussed; several commercially perforated casings were tested in combination with various gravel envelopes; results presented and compared with criteria already available for well screens.
Thrombomodulin, a Novel Immune Regulator in Liver Inflammatory Injury?

Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells and acts as a cofactor for thrombin. The human TM protein is composed of five domains (Figure 1) (1). Thrombin binding to TM activates protein C to initiate the anticoagulant pathway. Although previous studies revealed the anticoagulant effects of TM, recent studies have suggested that TM, especially its lectin-like domain (TMD1), seems to play an important role in anti-inflammatory activity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
SANITATION PROBLEMS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FROZEN CITRUS CONCENTRATE1

Extensive repairs are made during the off season in food plants operating on a seasonal basis. Precautions taken to protect equipment during down periods are discussed. Microorganisms causing food poisoning do not grow, but die readily in citrus juices and concentrates. Coliform bacteria are of no apparent public health significance in frozen citrus concentrates, partially concentrated or single strength citrus juices. Lactic acid bacteria, which constitute the most important index of processing sanitation, are held in check by constant sanitation efforts. Soundness of incoming fruit and efficiency of grading are important factors in final product quality. Chlorinated water sprays are used to sanitize fruit handling equipment. A chlorine concentration of 15 ppm was found to be effective in controlling conveyor belt contamination at one plant. The TASTE evaporator (thermal accelerated short time evaporator), now used almost universally in the citrus industry, is not a source of microbial contamination. Dat...
Recurrent extracranial internal carotid artery vasospasm associated with recreational marijuana use

• Patient presented with recurrent transient episodes of neurological symptoms including weakness and speech difficulty
Prepartum Lying Behavior of Holstein Dairy Cows Housed on Pasture through Parturition

Utilizing pasture-based systems may increase cow comfort during late gestation and calving as it lacks the constraints of confinement housing. The objective of this study was to quantify lying behavior and activity of Holstein dairy cows housed on pasture during the 6 d before calving. Sixteen Holstein dairy cows were moved to pasture 3 weeks before their projected calving date. Data loggers were attached 14 d prior to projected calving date. Behavior was evaluated 6 d before calving for all cows (n = 16) and 6 h prior to calving for a subset of cows (n = 6) with known calving times. Data loggers recorded at 1-min intervals to determine lying time (h/d and %/h), lying bouts (n/d and n/h), lying bout duration (min/bout), and steps (n/d and n/h). A repeated measures analysis of variance with contrasts was performed to determine if lying behaviors and activity differed between baseline and day or hour of interest. Lying time was greater 6 d prior to calving compared to the day of and before calving. Cows had longer lying bouts 6 d prior to calving compared to day of calving. Cows spent less time lying in the hour before calving compared to 6 h prior to parturition. The lack of change in behavior and activity during the 7 d prior to calving may indicate that pasture provided an adequate environment for cows during the prepartum period but did not impact cow welfare in the hours leading up to calving.
Direct and Stereospecific Synthesis of N-H and N-Alkyl Aziridines from Unactivated Olefins Using Hydroxylamine-O-Sulfonic Acids

Herein we report a Rh(II)-catalyzed direct and stereospecific N-H- and N-alkyl aziridination of olefins that uses hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acids as inexpensive, readily available and nitro group-free aminating reagents. Unactivated olefins, featuring a wide range of functional groups, are converted to the corresponding N-H or N-alkyl aziridines in good to excellent yields. This operationally simple, scalable transformation proceeds efficiently at ambient temperature and is tolerant towards oxygen and trace moisture.
Dynamic deployment of UAV-enabled floating access points for serving hot zones

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have manifold applications and profound research potential. They can fairly act as access points serving users by forming a mesh network in the air. In disaster hit areas or battlefields, providing communication through infrastructure is impossible due to either time constraints or impracticable ground conditions. The UAVs can be dynamically deployed in such scenarios, forming a mesh network and thereby providing wireless coverage to the users. In this paper, we develop an algorithm, UAVs' Dynamic Positions Rearrangement (UDPR), based on the dynamic demands of the Hot Zones which strives to maximize the total coverage area by all the deployed UAVs hence, serving maximum number of users. Our algorithm caters to the dynamic changes in user load requirements for which the UAVs fly in flock to cover the Hot Zones, at the same time minimize the dead zones. UDPR ensures improved performance of the network by selecting UAVs based on minimum movement and maximum remaining battery life. In our algorithm, we compare two distance traveling approaches while rearranging UAVs: the Juxtapositioning approach (attaining closest possible position) and the Hot Center positioning approach (attaining the Hot Center's position). The Hot Center represents the epicenter of the area corresponding to the overload of spectrum demand in the Hot Zone. The simulation results show that the proposed Hot Center Positioning approach outperforms the primitive Juxtapositioning approach by covering more area (serving more number of users) and at the same time keeping more number of UAVs active.
Pathophysiology and diagnosis of allograft rejection in pediatric heart transplantation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Attempts at improving diagnostic monitoring of allograft rejection continue at a steady pace. The main issue remains whether these methods will replace the standard method of tissue histology from endomyocardial biopsy. RECENT FINDINGS The aim in the development of novel techniques to diagnose rejection is the application of noninvasive methods. These range from echocardiography, biomarkers, and genomic profiling to more sensitive antibody detection systems. No single method has the accuracy to be a stand-alone test. Methods of assessing graft dysfunction alone may not be accurate enough in this population. Nonetheless, these and other clinical descriptive studies help us better understand the rejection process in pediatric recipients. SUMMARY Solid organ transplantation creates the ideal medium where basic science meets clinical science. Clinical cardiology continues to improve on ways to assess organ dysfunction, but to correlate these methods to early graft rejection, immunobiologic techniques will probably need to be incorporated.
On surmounting the barriers to HPV vaccination: we can do better.

AbstractThe major impediment to increased human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in young males and females is lack of health care provider recommendation. Despite its efficacy in preventing cervical cancer, HPV vaccination in females (49.5%) and males (37.5%) ages 13 through 17 falls well below the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Healthy People 2020 target of 80% coverage. Parents’ willingness to vaccinate their child has been shown to be much higher when physicians share personal vaccination decisions for their own children as well as what other parents have done at that particular clinic. Furthermore, the vaccine must be presented presumptively as a “bundle” along with the rest of the standard adolescent vaccine panel. Multiple exemplars presented including in several European countries, low-income countries and Rwanda, demonstrate that school-based health care systems dramatically increase vaccination coverage. Finally, acceptability for vaccination of males must improve by...
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is now a well-recognized indication for liver transplantation. This paper reviews existing literature on living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for ALD and presents data from a single, high volume United States liver transplant center.For the literature review, a PubMed search was undertaken using the search terms 'living donor' and 'alcoholic liver disease'. Studies were included that presented outcome data for patients who underwent LDLT for ALD. For the single-center data collection, all patients who underwent LDLT from 2003 to 2016 at our center were reviewed and the data for recipients with ALD was subsequently analyzed and compared with those patients who underwent LDLT for other indications.Of 110 studies that resulted from the PubMed query, only 5 contained data that was relevant to this manuscript. These studies represented data collected from two Asian countries: one single center in Korea and a collection of centers in Japan. The relapse rate following LDLT for ALD ranged from 7.9% to 22%, and pre-transplant abstinence did not impact post-transplant relapse in any of these studies. For the single-center data, of 136 LDLT performed at our institution during the time period, 22 were performed for ALD. There was no difference in 1- or 5-year survival between patients transplanted for ALD and those transplanted for other etiologies (94.7% vs. 93.4%, P = 0.79 and 78.9% vs. 87.5%, P = 0.6).There is a very limited amount of data available on LDLT for ALD. Existing data suggests that LDLT for ALD results in excellent outcomes.Published data on living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) are limited. One- and five-year survival rates range from 82% to 100% and 78% to 87%, respectively. Rates of alcohol relapse following transplant appear low, ranging from 7% to 23%; 6-month abstinence periods prior to LDLT for ALD do not appear to have a significant impact on relapse.
A Comparison of cognitive approaches for clutter-distribution identification in nonstationary environments

Most existing radar algorithms are developed under the assumption that the environment (clutter) is stationary. However, in practice, the statistical characteristics of the clutter can vary enormously in space, time, or both, depending on the radar-operational scenarios. If unaccounted for, these nonstationary variabilities may drastically hinder the radar performance. Therefore, to overcome such shortcomings, the cognitive radar framework is being developed to dynamically detect changes in the clutter characteristics, and to adapt to these changes by identifying the new clutter distribution. In this work, we present a sparse recovery based clutter identification technique, and compare its performance with the Ozturk algorithm based clutter identification method. The sparse recovery based technique uses kernel density estimation method to create the dictionary, and ap­plies the batch orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm to identify the clutter distribution. With numerical examples we demonstrate that, in comparison to the Ozturk algorithm based method, the sparse recovery based technique provides (i) improved accuracy in identifying clutter distributions that have different parameters, but are from the same family; and (ii) robustness in terms of measurements used for dictionary generation and test distribution identification.
Exploiting Diversity in One-Shot Molecular Timing Channels via Order Statistics

We study diversity in one-shot communication over molecular timing channels. We consider a channel model where the transmitter simultaneously releases a large number of information particles, while the information is encoded in the time of release . The receiver decodes the information based on the random time of arrival of the information particles. The random propagation is characterized by the general class of right-sided unimodal densities. We characterize the asymptotic exponential decrease rate of the probability of error as a function of the number of released particles, and denote this quantity as the system diversity gain . Four types of detectors are considered: 1) the maximum-likelihood (ML) detector; 2) a linear detector; 3) a detector that is based on the first arrival (FA) among all the transmitted particles; and 4) a detector based on the last arrival (LA). When the density characterizing the random propagation is supported over a large interval, we show that the simple FA detector achieves a diversity gain very close to that of the ML detector. On the other hand, when the density characterizing the random propagation is supported over a small interval, we show that the simple LA detector achieves a diversity gain very close to that of the ML detector.
Formation of aligned core/sheath microfiber scaffolds with a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) sheath and a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) core

Electrospun coaxial fibers are used to create core/sheath fiber structures to act as growth-promoting scaffolds for in vitro dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cell cultures. The core was a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and the sheath was poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), which created coaxial fibers with a conductive core and an insulating sheath. SEM analysis confirmed the conductivity of the core and insulation of the sheath. Several coaxial spinneret designs were tested with the best results obtained by using various annular spinning needle combinations. Using a 22G/16G and 22G/17G combination, fibers with diameters of 6.1 ± 2.4 µm and 3.3 ± 0.9 µm were spun, respectively. The fibers showed a Young’s modulus and hardness of 0.16 ± 0.13 and 0.02 ± 0.01 GPa for the larger diameters, and 0.7 ± 0.4 and 0.03 ± 0.03 GPa for the smaller diameter fibers. In vitro test cultures showed the fibers successfully directed chick DRG axonal outgrowth with low biotoxicity.
Chronic Disease of Childhood

Cerebral Palsy describes a spectrum of neurological motor disorders that can be associated with other conditions such as seizures and intellectual impairment. Most children have increased muscle tone or spasticity in one or more muscle groups or limbs. There is a broad range in the severity of problems in these children, and children with more severe forms present a number of challenges for anesthesia. These include communication, positioning, hypothermia, respiratory function and pain management. Myopathies are uncommon conditions that have important implications for anesthesia. Most young children with muscle diseases undergo anesthesia without problem. There are, however, three specific risks—the risk of rhabdomyolysis from suxamethonium in any child with a myopathy; the risk of rhabdomyolysis from volatile agents in a child with muscular dystrophy, and finally the risk of malignant hyperthermia in some children with specific, rare muscle disorders. Children with mucopolysaccharidosis can be among the most difficult to anesthetize because they can have a very difficult airway, poor cardiac function, and developmental issues affecting behavior. The incidence of Type I diabetes in children is increasing. Many of these children now have insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitoring. Autism spectrum disorder is a group of disorders characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication with repetitive or unusual behaviors. Anxiety and behavior are the main issues for anesthesia, for which there are many practical and pharmacological strategies to help with their management.
Fabrication of hexagonal boron nitride based 2D nanopore sensor for the assessment of electro‐chemical responsiveness of human serum transferrin protein

In this work, we present a step-by-step workflow for the fabrication of 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanopores which are then used to sense holo-human serum transferrin (hSTf) protein at pH ∼8 under applied voltages ranging from +100 mV to +800 mV. 2D nanopores are often used for DNA, however, there is a great void in the literature for single-molecule protein sensing and this, to the best of our knowledge, is the first time where h-BN-a material with large band-gap, low dielectric constant, reduced parasitic capacitance and minimal charge transfer induced noise-is used for protein profiling. The corresponding ΔG (change in pore conductance due to analyte translocation) profiles showed a bimodal Gaussian distribution where the lower and higher ΔG distributions were attributed to (pseudo-) folded and unfolded conformations respectively. With increasing voltage, the voltage induced unfolding increased (evident by decrease in ΔG) and plateaued after ∼400 mV of applied voltage. From the ΔG versus voltage profile corresponding to the pseudo-folded state, we calculated the molecular radius of hSTf, and was found to be ∼3.1 nm which is in close concordance with the literature reported value of ∼3.25 nm.
Abstract P524: Protein Biomarkers Mediate the Association Between Diet Quality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality

Objectives: Molecular mechanism underlying diet and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between habitual diet and protein biomarkers and test whether t...
Scalable and Memory-Efficient Kernel Ridge Regression

We present a scalable and memory-efficient framework for kernel ridge regression. We exploit the inherent rank deficiency of the kernel ridge regression matrix by constructing an approximation that relies on a hierarchy of low-rank factorizations of tunable accuracy, rather than leverage scores or other subsampling techniques. Without ever decompressing the kernel matrix approximation, we propose factorization and solve methods to compute the weight(s) for a given set of training and test data. We show that our method performs an optimal number of operations $\mathcal{O}\left( {{r^2}n} \right)$ with respect to the number of training samples (n) due to the underlying numerical low-rank (r) structure of the kernel matrix. Furthermore, each algorithm is also presented in the context of a massively parallel computer system, exploiting two levels of concurrency that take into account both shared-memory and distributed-memory inter-node parallelism. In addition, we present a variety of experiments using popular datasets – small, and large – to show that our approach provides sufficient accuracy in comparison with state-of-the-art methods and with the exact (i.e. non-approximated) kernel ridge regression method. For datasets, in the order of 106 data points, we show that our framework strong-scales to 103 cores. Finally, we provide a Python interface to the scikit-learn library so that scikit-learn can leverage our high-performance solver library to achieve much-improved performance and memory footprint.
Toward an evolutionary-science based metaethics

We are confronted with formidable crises in the twenty-first century, ranging from massive habitat loss (see UN, 2019), to divisive political and religious ideologies (e.g., McCoy & Somer, 2019), t...
P99. The utility of computer-assisted navigation and intraoperative neuromonitoring for adult spinal deformity surgery: a national claims database study

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Neurologic injury is a complication of significant consequence in adult spinal deformity (ASD) cases, and developing practices to minimize complications remains of great interest. Computer-assisted navigation (CAN) and intraoperative neuromonitoring (ION) are potentially helpful tools in ASD surgery, but evidence of their effectiveness in reducing neurologic complication rates remains limited. PURPOSE (1) Evaluate trends in the use of CAN and ION for ASD surgery in the United States; (2) Assess the risk of neurological injury with CAN and ION. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective longitudinal analysis of the MarketScan® national administrative claims database (2007-2015). PATIENT SAMPLE Using ICD-9 and CPT codes, we identified patients >18yrs with an ASD diagnosis that underwent a related surgical procedure that involved at least 3 levels of fusion and/or instrumentation and had continuous health plan enrollment for the period studied were included. OUTCOME MEASURES Annual rates of CAN and ION, complications (neurological, overall) within 90 days, reoperations within 90 days and 2 years. METHODS Patients were categorized into four groups to assess differences in outcome variables: CAN, ION, CAN+ION, and NONE. Univariate differences were assessed with Chi-Squared and Fisher's exact tests. Complication rates were assessed with multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and surgical details. RESULTS From 2007 to 2015, 21,750 patients had ASD surgery. CAN rates increased from 2.9% in 2007 to 7.3% in 2015 (p CONCLUSIONS CAN and ION are being utilized more frequently in adult spinal deformity correction surgery in the United States. While ION does appear to be associated with a reduction in overall complication rate, the utility of CAN in reducing neurological complication and reoperation rates appears to be limited and warrants further study to inform clinical practice before the adoption of CAN and ION into standard of care. FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.
Partial coordination. II. A preliminary evaluation and failure analysis

Partial coordination is a new method for cataloging documents for subject access. It is especially designed to enhance the precision of document searches in online environments. This article reports a preliminary evaluation of partial coordination that shows promising results compared with full-text retrieval. We also report the difficulties in empirically evaluating the effectiveness of automatic full-text retrieval in contrast to mixed methods such as partial coordination which combine human cataloging with computerized retrieval. Based on our study, we propose research in this area will substantially benefit from a common framework for failure analysis and a common data set. This will allow information retrieval researchers adapting “library style” cataloging to large electronic document collections, as well as those developing automated or mixed methods, to directly compare their proposals for indexing and retrieval. This article concludes by suggesting guidelines for constructing such a testbed.
Cognitive Function and Whole-Brain MRI Metrics Are Not Associated with Mobility in Older Adults with Multiple Sclerosis.

Due to advances in disease-modifying medications and earlier management of comorbidities, adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) are living longer, and this coincides with the aging of the general population. One major problem among older adults with and without MS is limited mobility, a consequence of aging that often negatively affects quality of life. Identifying factors that contribute to mobility disability is needed to develop targeted rehabilitation approaches. This study examined cognitive processing speed and global brain atrophy as factors that may contribute to mobility disability in older adults with and without MS. Older adults (≥55 years) with MS (n = 31) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 22) completed measures of mobility (Short Physical Performance Battery) and cognitive processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) and underwent an MRI to obtain whole-brain metrics (gray matter volume, white matter volume, ventricular volume) as markers of atrophy. Mobility was significantly worse in the MS group than in the control group (p = 0.004). Spearman correlations indicated that neither cognitive processing speed (MS: rs = 0.26; Control: rs = 0.08) nor markers of global brain atrophy (MS: rs range = −0.30 to −0.06; Control: rs range = −0.40 to 0.16) were significantly associated with mobility in either group. Other factors such as subcortical gray matter structures, functional connectivity, exercise/physical activity, and cardiovascular fitness should be examined as factors that may influence mobility in aging adults with and without MS.
Detection of Damage in Composite Materials by Vibrothermography

A new nondestructive inspection method, vibrothermography, has been studied here to determine its degree of application to the investigation of damage in composite materials. Subsurface damaged regions containing delaminations, relatively large matrix cracks, or matrix crazing are easily located by the method. A three-dimensional, anisotropic heat-conduction model, solved by a finite-difference method, has shown that the surface heat patterns monitored by thermography represent accurately the geometry and extent of the subsurface heat source.
Timeout from reinforcement: restoring a balance between analysis and application

emerge from basic behavioral research, yet surprisingly little is known about its principles of operation. The majority of research on the topic of timeout has been technological—demonstrating that timeout works—rather than analytical— why it works. This essay calls for a greater emphasis on the functional characteristics of timeout, the conditions under which it serves an aversive function, and for grounding empirical work in a theoretical framework. Such a return to the functional roots of timeout from reinforcement will advance not only the science of timeout but its successful application as well.
Complexity of k-SAT

The problem of k-SAT is to determine if the given k-CNF has a satisfying solution. It is a celebrated open question as to whether it requires exponential time to solve k-SAT for k/spl ges/3. Define s/sub k/ (for k/spl ges/3) to be the infimum of {/spl delta/: there exists an O(2/sup /spl delta/n/) algorithm for solving k-SAT}. Define ETH (Exponential-Time Hypothesis) for k-SAT as follows: for k/spl ges/3, s/sub k/>0. In other words, for k/spl ges/3, k-SA does not have a subexponential-time algorithm. In this paper we show that s/sub k/ is an increasing sequence assuming ETH for k-SAT: Let s/sub /spl infin// be the limit of s/sub k/. We in fact show that s/sub k//spl les/(1-d/k) s/sub /spl infin// for some constant d>0.
Hydrocomplexity: Addressing water security and emergent environmental risks

Water security and emergent environmental risks are among the most significant societal concerns. They are highly interlinked to other global risks such as those related to climate, human health, food, human migration, biodiversity loss, urban sustainability, etc. Emergent risks result from the confluence of unanticipated interactions from evolving interdependencies between complex systems, such as those embedded in the water cycle. They are associated with the novelty of dynamical possibilities that have significant potential consequences to human and ecological systems, and not with probabilities based on historical precedence. To ensure water security we need to be able to anticipate the likelihood of risk possibilities as they present the prospect of the most impact through cascade of vulnerabilities. They arise due to a confluence of nonstationary drivers that include growing population, climate change, demographic shifts, urban growth, and economic expansion, among others, which create novel interdependencies leading to a potential of cascading network effects. Hydrocomplexity aims to address water security and emergent risks through the development of science, methods, and practices with the potential to foster a “Blue Revolution” akin to the Green revolution for food security. It blends both hard infrastructure based solution with soft knowledge driven solutions to increase the range of planning and design, management, mitigation and adaptation strategies. It provides a conceptual and synthetic framework to enable us to integrate discovery science and engineering, observational and information science, computational and communication systems, and social and institutional approaches to address consequential water and environmental challenges.
Optimal BPC Permutations on a Cube Connected SIMD Computer

In this correspondence we develop an algorithm to perform BPC permutations on a cube connected SIMD computer. The class of BPC permutations includes many of the frequently occurring permutations such as matrix transpose, vector reversal, bit shuffle, and perfect shuffle. Our algorithm is shown to be optimal in the sense that it uses the fewest possible number of unit routes to accomplish any BPC permutation.
Non-existent CAE capabilities

Present maintainability and testability CAE (computer-aided engineering) capabilities are virtually nonexistent. A few software programs are stand-alone and are not integrated software tools; they are independent analysis tools on independent PCs. The non-CAE analysis method are often nonrepeatable and therefore analysis results are often suspect. The author highlights several maintainability engineering analyses that are performed without the benefit of CAE software tools. CAE software tools are being developed commercially, primarily for design engineering. These tools are intended to allow the design engineer to expedite printed wiring board design, including schematic design, component placement, thermal analysis, and timing analysis. The payback for these types of design-engineering CAE software tools is reduced design time. >
Primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of dental caries: A 20-year case report

ABSTRACT Background This case report follows the 20-year clinical treatment of a patient at high risk of developing dental caries. The author describes the treatment of the primary and permanent dentitions. Case Description The author describes the use of primary, secondary and tertiary measures to treat caries in a high-risk patient. He emphasizes the need for long-term care to monitor disease activity and describes the use of in-office tests for estimating Streptococcus mutans levels. This case illustrates the episodic nature of the caries process in which caries activity is related to risk factors, and the treatment regimen varies from tooth to tooth. Conclusion and Clinical Implications This case report documents the use of the medical paradigm in the treatment of dental caries, as well as the surgical paradigm as an important component of treatment.
Dynamics of ionization mechanisms in relativistic collisions involving heavy and highly-charged ions

The dynamics of mechanisms associated with the ionization of inner-shell electrons in relativistic collisions involving heavy and highly-charged ions is investigated within a nonperturbative approach formulated explicitly in the time domain. The theoretical treatment is based on the exact numerical solution of the time dependent Dirac equation for two Coulomb centers on a lattice in momentum space. We present results for ionization in encounters between 100 MeV/u Au79+ projectile ions impinging on a hydrogen-like uranium target. By directly visualizing the collision dynamics we identify a new ionization mechanism in which electrons are emitted from the internuclear region preferentially in the transverse direction with respect to the projectile trajectory. A striking characteristic of this ionization mechanism is that the velocity of the electron is higher than the projectile velocity.
Directional damping material for integrally damped composite plates

Current viscoelastic-damping materials behave isotopically so that their stiffness and damping properties are the same in all directions. There is a desire to develop viscoelastic- damping materials that behave orthotropically so that the stiffness and damping properties vary with material orientation. These damping materials can be made othrotropic by embedding rows of thin wires within the viscoelastic damping material. These wires add significant directional stiffness and strength to the damping materials, where the stiffness and strength variation with wire orientation follows classical lamination theory. The presence of these wires introduce different damping mechanisms (longitudinal, transverse, and longitudinal shear damping coefficients) that depend upon mode type and orientation angle. Results from experimental studies show that the magnitude of the loss factor and shear modulus depends upon the mode type and orientation angle of these wires within the damping material. The in-plane axial mode loss factor is highly dependent upon the longitudinal coefficient for (0 degrees) wire orientation, the transverse coefficient for (90 degree) wire orientation, and the longitudinal shear-damping coefficient for all other off-angle wire orientations. The loss factor for the out-of- plane bending and torsion modes is highly dependent upon all three damping coefficients.