cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-line planning and scheduling: an application to controlling modular printers

We present a case study of artificial intelligence techniques applied to the control of production printing equipment. Like many other real-world applications, this complex domain requires high-speed autonomous decision-making and robust continual operation. To our knowledge, this work represents the first successful industrial application of embedded domain-independent temporal planning. Our system handles execution failures and multi-objective preferences. At its heart is an on-line algorithm that combines techniques from state-space planning and partial-order scheduling. We suggest that this general architecture may prove useful in other applications as more intelligent systems operate in continual, on-line settings. Our system has been used to drive several commercial prototypes and has enabled a new product architecture for our industrial partner. When compared with state-of-the-art off-line planners, our system is hundreds of times faster and often finds better plans. Our experience demonstrates that domain-independent AI planning based on heuristic search can flexibly handle time, resources, replanning, and multiple objectives in a high-speed practical application without requiring hand-coded control knowledge.
A New Titanium Tetrachloride Mediated Annulation of α-Aryl-Substituted Carbonyl Compounds with Alkynes: A Simple and Highly Efficient Method for the Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Naphthalene Derivatives

A new straightforward procedure has been developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted naphthalene derivatives. The reaction of α-aryl-substituted carbonyl compounds with terminal or internal alkynes in the presence of TiCl4 regioselectively generates substituted naphthalene derivatives in good to excellent yields.
A Pilot Study on the Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing and Foot Reflexology on Intraocular Pressure in Ocular Hypertension.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of alternate nostril breathing (ANB) and foot reflexology (FR) on lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertens...
Diarylprolinol Silyl Ether Salts as New, Efficient, Water-Soluble, and Recyclable Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Addition on Water

A novel strategy for the catalytic asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins on water has been developed and provided the Michael adducts in excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities. A notable feature of these organocatalysts is that they can be recycled for more than six times without a significant loss of catalytic activity and stereochemical control. In addition, the synthetic procedure presented is simple, practical, and environmentally benign.
ESM of ionic and electrochemical phenomena on the nanoscale

Operation of energy storage and conversion devices is ultimately controlled by series of intertwined ionic and electronic transport processes and electrochemical reactions at surfaces and interfaces, strongly mediated by strain and mechanical processes [1-4]. In a typical fuel cell, these include chemical species transport in porous cathode and anode materials, gas-solid electrochemical reactions at grains and triple-phase boundaries (TPBs), ionic and electronic flows in multicomponent electrodes, and chemical and electronic potential drops at internal interfaces in electrodes and electrolytes. All these phenomena are sensitively affected by the microstructure of materials from device level to the atomic scales as illustrated in Fig. 1. Similar spectrum of length scales and phenomena underpin operation of other energy systems including primary and secondary batteries, as well as hybrid systems such flow and metal-air/water batteries.
Takeover times for a simple model of network infection.

We study a stochastic model of infection spreading on a network. At each time step a node is chosen at random, along with one of its neighbors. If the node is infected and the neighbor is susceptible, the neighbor becomes infected. How many time steps T does it take to completely infect a network of N nodes, starting from a single infected node? An analogy to the classic "coupon collector" problem of probability theory reveals that the takeover time T is dominated by extremal behavior, either when there are only a few infected nodes near the start of the process or a few susceptible nodes near the end. We show that for N≫1, the takeover time T is distributed as a Gumbel distribution for the star graph, as the convolution of two Gumbel distributions for a complete graph and an Erdős-Renyi random graph, as a normal for a one-dimensional ring and a two-dimensional lattice, and as a family of intermediate skewed distributions for d-dimensional lattices with d≥3 (these distributions approach the convolution of two Gumbel distributions as d approaches infinity). Connections to evolutionary dynamics, cancer, incubation periods of infectious diseases, first-passage percolation, and other spreading phenomena in biology and physics are discussed.
Evolutionary Genomics of Peach and Almond Domestication

The domesticated almond [Prunus dulcis (L.) Batsch] and peach [P. persica (Mill.) D. A. Webb] originated on opposite sides of Asia and were independently domesticated ∼5000 yr ago. While interfertile, they possess alternate mating systems and differ in a number of morphological and physiological traits. Here, we evaluated patterns of genome-wide diversity in both almond and peach to better understand the impacts of mating system, adaptation, and domestication on the evolution of these taxa. Almond has around seven times the genetic diversity of peach, and high genome-wide [Formula: see text] values support their status as separate species. We estimated a divergence time of ∼8 MYA (million years ago), coinciding with an active period of uplift in the northeast Tibetan Plateau and subsequent Asian climate change. We see no evidence of a bottleneck during domestication of either species, but identify a number of regions showing signatures of selection during domestication and a significant overlap in candidate regions between peach and almond. While we expected gene expression in fruit to overlap with candidate selected regions, instead we find enrichment for loci highly differentiated between the species, consistent with recent fossil evidence suggesting fruit divergence long preceded domestication. Taken together, this study tells us how closely related tree species evolve and are domesticated, the impact of these events on their genomes, and the utility of genomic information for long-lived species. Further exploration of this data will contribute to the genetic knowledge of these species and provide information regarding targets of selection for breeding application, and further the understanding of evolution in these species.
Tandem Intramolecular Diels-Alder (Timda) Reactions: Branched Substrate Studies and New Synthetic Pathways

Abstract Using a malonic ester route, the first branched tandem intramolecular Diels-Alder (TIMDA) precursor, 3, was synthesized from sorbic acid in seven steps (15% overall yield). Treatment with Lewis acid catalysts (e.g., boron trifluoride etherate) affects the TIMDA reaction to afford a new fused-tetracyclic, 4, as two diastereomers (1:1). An alternative synthetic route to key intermediates used in the synthesis of linear TIMDA precursors has also been achieved.
α,β-Diketo nitriles as dielectrophiles. Formation of heterocyclic derivatives of amino acids

The reactions of mono Boc-protected amino monocarboxylic acids with phosphoranylideneacetonitrile yield ylido nitriles which on ozonolysis at low temperature form labile α,β-diketo nitriles. These derivatives may be used in situ for reaction with diamines or related dinucleophiles to yield hetero derivatives of interest as unnatural amino acid building blocks.
A conserved morphogenetic mechanism for epidermal ensheathment of nociceptive sensory neurites

Interactions between epithelial cells and neurons influence a range of sensory modalities including taste, touch, and smell. Vertebrate and invertebrate epidermal cells ensheath peripheral arbors of somatosensory neurons, including nociceptors, yet the developmental origins and functional roles of this ensheathment are largely unknown. Here, we describe an evolutionarily conserved morphogenetic mechanism for epidermal ensheathment of somatosensory neurites. We found that somatosensory neurons in Drosophila and zebrafish induce formation of epidermal sheaths, which wrap neurites of different types of neurons to different extents. Neurites induce formation of plasma membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate microdomains at nascent sheaths, followed by a filamentous actin network, and recruitment of junctional proteins that likely form autotypic junctions to seal sheaths. Finally, blocking epidermal sheath formation destabilized dendrite branches and reduced nociceptive sensitivity in Drosophila. Epidermal somatosensory neurite ensheathment is thus a deeply conserved cellular process that contributes to the morphogenesis and function of nociceptive sensory neurons.
MAGNETISM OF FREE TRANSITION METAL AND RARE EARTH CLUSTERS

Current magnetic deflection experiments on transition metal and rare earth clusters as well as their connection to theory are discussed. It is found that magnetic moments of Co and Fe clusters are well described by a Langevin function, hinting strongly at the superparamagnetic nature of these particles. Rare earth metals like Gd and Tb exhibit a variety of behaviors some being well described by considering the particles as spinning tops with a body fixed magnetic moment. Informations on magnetic moments, Trot, and magnetic anisotropies are obtained.
Effects of Linked Selective Sweeps on Demographic Inference and Model Selection.

The availability of large-scale population genomic sequence data has resulted in an explosion in efforts to infer the demographic histories of natural populations across a broad range of organisms. As demographic events alter coalescent genealogies, they leave detectable signatures in patterns of genetic variation within and between populations. Accordingly, a variety of approaches have been designed to leverage population genetic data to uncover the footprints of demographic change in the genome. The vast majority of these methods make the simplifying assumption that the measures of genetic variation used as their input are unaffected by natural selection. However, natural selection can dramatically skew patterns of variation not only at selected sites, but at linked, neutral loci as well. Here we assess the impact of recent positive selection on demographic inference by characterizing the performance of three popular methods through extensive simulation of data sets with varying numbers of linked selective sweeps. In particular, we examined three different demographic models relevant to a number of species, finding that positive selection can bias parameter estimates of each of these models—often severely. We find that selection can lead to incorrect inferences of population size changes when none have occurred. Moreover, we show that linked selection can lead to incorrect demographic model selection, when multiple demographic scenarios are compared. We argue that natural populations may experience the amount of recent positive selection required to skew inferences. These results suggest that demographic studies conducted in many species to date may have exaggerated the extent and frequency of population size changes.
Synthesis of arylacetates by the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aryl bromides and copper(II) enolates

Abstract Palladium-catalyzed cross coupling of aryl bromides and silylketene acetals in the presence of tributyltin fluoride or copper(II) fluoride is described.
Zirconium cation coordination in the borohydride-mediated synthesis of β-hydroxy-N-alkoxylamines

Abstract Hydride reductions of oxime ethers to hydroxylamine derivatives are facilitated by the participation of neighboring hydroxyl groups. Precomplexation with zirconium cation in ether–methylene chloride solutions is effective for selective CN bond reduction. The course for stereochemical control is dictated by Lewis acid coordination complexes of E - and Z -oximino ethers which lead to the preferred diastereofacial delivery of external hydride.
Detecting Hidden Diversification Shifts in Models of Trait-Dependent Speciation and Extinction

The distribution of diversity can vary considerably from clade to clade. Attempts to understand these patterns often employ state-dependent speciation and extinction models to determine whether the evolution of a particular novel trait has increased speciation rates and/or decreased extinction rates. It is still unclear, however, whether these models are uncovering important drivers of diversification, or whether they are simply pointing to more complex patterns involving many unmeasured and co-distributed factors. Here we describe an extension to the popular state-dependent speciation and extinction models that specifically accounts for the presence of unmeasured factors that could impact diversification rates estimated for the states of any observed trait, addressing at least one major criticism of BiSSE (Binary State Speciation and Extinction) methods. Specifically, our model, which we refer to as HiSSE (Hidden State Speciation and Extinction), assumes that related to each observed state in the model are "hidden" states that exhibit potentially distinct diversification dynamics and transition rates than the observed states in isolation. We also demonstrate how our model can be used as character-independent diversification models that allow for a complex diversification process that is independent of the evolution of a character. Under rigorous simulation tests and when applied to empirical data, we find that HiSSE performs reasonably well, and can at least detect net diversification rate differences between observed and hidden states and detect when diversification rate differences do not correlate with the observed states. We discuss the remaining issues with state-dependent speciation and extinction models in general, and the important ways in which HiSSE provides a more nuanced understanding of trait-dependent diversification.
CsOH-promoted epoxide ring-opening with phosphines: Mild and efficient synthesis of monohydroxyphosphines

A mild and convenient synthesis of monohydroxyphosphines has been achieved by epoxide ring-opening using primary or secondary phosphines in the presence of cesium hydroxide, 4 A molecular sieves and DMF at room temperature. These reaction conditions were found to be highly regio- and stereoselective producing various monohydroxyphosphines exclusively in moderate to high yields.
(E)- and (Z)-1-(Phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-2-butenes: Synthetic Equivalents for the 1-(1,3-Butadienyl) Anion and the 1,1-(1,3-Butadienyl) Dianion

(E)- and (Z)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-2-butenes (7 and 8) are converted by n-BuLi to (E)- and (Z)-1-lithio-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-2-butenes (15 and 16) with retention of initial stereochemistries. Reactions of 15 and 16 with electrophiles (protio and deuterio acids, primary, secondary, and benzyl halides, chloroformates, chlorothioformates, acid chlorides, epoxides, trialkylsilyl chlorides, and triethylgermanyl chloride) in THF or THF/HMPA give the corresponding (E)- and (Z)-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-1-substituted-4-(trimethylsilyl)-2-butenes (32) with stereochemical retention. That β,γ-unsaturated silyl sulfones 32 are formed instead of their α,β-unsaturated (conjugated) isomers are attributed to stabilizing multiple anionic and cationic hyperconjugation and to steric effects as in 29−31. Of importance in synthesis is that 32 are eliminated by TBAF at −20 to 0 °C, thermally, or by column chromatography to (E)- (100 to > 93%) rather than (Z)-1-substituted-1,3-butadienes (38). Further,...
Two new ternary lanthanide antimony chalcogenides: Yb4Sb2S11.25 and Tm4Sb2Se11.68 containing chalcogenide Q2− and dichalcogenide (Q2)2− anions

Abstract Dark red and dark brown crystals of Yb4Sb2S11.25 and Tm8Sb4Se11.68, respectively, were obtained from the reaction of the elements in Sb2Q3 (Q=S, Se) fluxes. Both non-stoichiometric compounds are orthorhombic and crystallize in the same space group Pnnm, with two formula units per unit cell (a=12.446(2), b=5.341(1), c=12.058(2) for sulfide and a=13.126(2), b=5.623(1), c=12.499(2) for the selenide). Their crystal structures are dominated by lanthanide-chalcogenide polyhedra (CN=7 and 8), which share corners, edges, triangular- and square-faces to form a three-dimensional framework embedding antinomy cations. The latter are coordinated by three sulfide anions with 5(1+2+2) secondary contacts forming basically infinite chains running along [0 1 0]. The chalcogens in both compounds form chalcogenide Q2− and dichalcogenide (Q2)2− anionic units. The optical analysis made on those compounds shows that both are semiconductors with band gap of 1.71 and 1.22 eV for Yb4Sb2S11.25 and Tm4Sb2Se11.75, respectively.
Structural units in three uranyl perrhenates.

Three uranyl perrhenates have been synthesized, and their structures have been determined. (UO 2 ) 2 (ReO 4 ) 4 (H 2 O) 3 (1) is triclinic, space group P1, a = 5.2771(7), b = 13.100(2), c = 15.476(2) A, a = 107.180(2), β = 99.131(3), y = 94.114(2)°, V = 1001.12 A 3 , Z= 2. [(UO 2 ) 4 (ReO 4 ) 2 O(OH) 4 (H 2 O) 7 ](H 2 O) 5 (2) is also triclinic, space group P1, a = 7.884(1), b = 11.443(2), c = 16.976(2) A, α = 83.195(4), β = 89.387(4), y = 85.289(4)°, V= 1515.70 A 3 , Z= 2. Na(UO 2 )(ReO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O) 2 (3) is monoclinic, space group C2/m, a = 12.311(3), b = 22.651(6), c = 5.490(1) A, p = 109.366(6)°, V = 1444.24 A 3 , Z = 4. These compounds are the first structurally characterized uranyl perrhenates that do not contain organic ligands. In each structure, perrhenate groups coordinate uranyl ions at the equatorial vertices of pentagonal bipyramids. 1 contains complex chains of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids that are bridged by vertex sharing with perrhenate groups. The structural units in 2 and 3 consist of three novel finite clusters that include the coordination of uranyl ions with perrhenate. In general, weakly coordinating ligands such as perchlorate, perrhenate, and pertechnetate are assumed not to form stable complexes with uranyl in solutions or solids. The current findings, together with other recently reported studies, indicate each of these ligands can coordinate uranyl, and novel structure types result.
Measurement of Relative Product Yields from the Photolysis of Dichlorine Monoxide (Cl2O)

The Cl and ClO quantum yields from the photodissociation of Cl2O have been measured at 320, 360, 400, and 440 nm with the use of chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). All yields were measur...
Synthesis of high-value 1,6-enynes by tandem fragmentation/olefination.

A tandem process provides high-value 1,6-enynes that are otherwise difficult to prepare. Two base-mediated reactions—fragmentation and olefination—are executed in a coordinated manner that is overall more efficient than either reaction on its own. The 1,6-enynes can be strategically employed in conjunction with carbocyclization to deliver important targets, as noted for reported syntheses of hirsutene and illudol.
Total assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of pyrrolizino-[3,4,5-a,b]isoquinoline, benzo[1,2]pyrrolizino[3,4,5-a,b]isoquinoline and 2-methylthiopyrrolizino[3,4,5-a,b]isoquinoline

The total 1H and 13C nmr spectral assignments of pyrrolizino[3,4,5-a,b]isoquinoline, benzo-[1,2]pyrrolizino[3,4,5-a,b]isoquinoline and 2-methylthiopyrrolizino[3,4,5-a,b]isoquinoline are reported. The concerted use of the COSY, HMQC, HMBC and nOe-difference experiments is used to generate total assignments of the 1H and 13C nmr spectra.
Cocrystallized Mixtures and Multiple Geometries: Syntheses, Structures, and NMR Spectroscopy of the Re6 Clusters [NMe4]4[Re6(Te8-nSen)(CN)6] (n = 0−8)

The mixed tellurium/selenium Re6 clusters [NMe4]4[Re6(Te8-nSen)(CN)6] (n = 0−8) have been prepared from the reactions of Re6Te15 with the appropriate stoichiometry of NaCN and Se at 600 °C, followed by cation exchange with NMe4Br. A typical anion comprises an Re6 octahedron with its eight faces capped by μ3-chalcogen atoms to form a pseudocube, and each Re atom has a terminal cyanide ligand. These anions have essentially idealized cubic symmetry. In the [Re6Te8(CN)6]4- anion, Re−Re bond distances range from 2.673(1) to 2.690(1) A and Re−(μ3-Te) distances range from 2.683(1) to 2.705(1) A. In the [Re6Se8(CN)6]4- anion the Re−Re and Re−(μ3-Se) distances range from 2.622(2) to 2.638(2) A and 2.520(3) to 2.550(3) A, respectively. The “[Re6Te4.34Se3.66(CN)6]4-” anion, with disordered Se/Te positions, displays intermediate bond distances with Re−Re distances ranging from 2.653(1) to 2.665(1) A and Re−(μ3-Q) (Q = Se, Te) distances ranging from 2.581(1) to 2.673(1) A. Whereas single-crystal X-ray diffraction resu...
Synthesis of polyhydroxylated xanthones via acyl radical cyclizations

Abstract 2-Formylphenoxy quinones can be converted into xanthones via an acyl radical intermediate with NBS and AIBN.
Application on novel fragmentation reaction: A concise synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans from butenolides

Butenolides 4, generated from a novel fragmentation reaction, function as excellent precursors to 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans 5 by additions of alkyl or aryl metallic reagents. It can also be converted into siloxyfurans 6 by treatment with silylating reagents.
Spending More on the Poor? A Comprehensive Summary of State-Specific Responses to School Finance Reforms from 1990–2014

Sixty-seven school finance reforms (SFRs) in 26 states have taken place since 1990; however, there is little empirical evidence on the heterogeneity of SFR effects. We provide a comprehensive description of how individual reforms affected resource allocation to low and high-income districts within states, including both financial and non-financial outcomes. After summarizing the heterogeneity of individual SFR impacts, we then examine its correlates, identifying both policy and legislative/political factors. Taken together, this research aims to provide a rich description of variation in states’ responses to SFRs, as well as explanation of this heterogeneity as it relates to contextual factors.
Impact of a ring-fitted cap on insertion time and adenoma detection: a randomized controlled trial

Background and Aims Devices for flattening colon folds can improve polyp detection at colonoscopy. However, there are few data on the endoscopic ring-fitted cap (EndoRings; EndoAid, Caesarea, Israel). We sought to compare adenoma detection with EndoRings with that of standard high-definition colonoscopy. Methods This was a single-center, randomized controlled trial of 562 patients (284 randomized to EndoRings and 278 to standard colonoscopy) at 2 outpatient endoscopy units in the Indiana University Hospital system. Adenoma detection was the primary outcome measured as adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). We also compared sessile serrated polyp detection rate, insertion times, withdrawal times, and ease of passage through the sigmoid colon. Results EndoRings was superior to standard colonoscopy in terms of APC (1.46 vs 1.06, P = .025), but there were no statistically significant differences in ADR or sessile serrated polyp detection rate. Mean withdrawal time (in patients with no polyps) was shorter and insertion time (all patients) was longer in the EndoRings arm by 1.8 minutes and 0.75 minutes, respectively. One provider had significantly higher detection with Endo-Rings and contributed substantially to the overall results. Conclusions EndoRings can increase adenoma detection without a significant increase in procedure time, but the effect varies between operators. The use of EndoRings slows colonoscope insertion. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03418662.)
FSMJ: Feature selection with maximum Jensen-Shannon divergence for text categorization

In this paper, we present a new wrapper feature selection approach based on Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence, termed feature selection with maximum JS-divergence (FSMJ), for text categorization. Unlike most existing feature selection approaches, the proposed FSMJ approach is based on real-valued features which provide more information for discrimination than binary-valued features used in conventional approaches. We show that the FSMJ is a greedy approach and the JS-divergence monotonically increases when more features are selected. We conduct several experiments on real-life data sets, compared with the state-of-the-art feature selection approaches for text categorization. The superior performance of the proposed FSMJ approach demonstrates its effectiveness and further indicates its wide potential applications on data mining.
Asymptotic behavior of $\ell_p$-based Laplacian regularization in semi-supervised learning

Given a weighted graph with N vertices, consider a real-valued regression problem in a semisupervised setting, where one observes n labeled vertices, and the task is to label the remaining ones. We present a theoretical study of `p-based Laplacian regularization under a d-dimensional geometric random graph model. We provide a variational characterization of the performance of this regularized learner as N grows to infinity while n stays constant; the associated optimality conditions lead to a partial differential equation that must be satisfied by the associated function estimate f . From this formulation we derive several predictions on the limiting behavior the function f , including (a) a phase transition in its smoothness at the threshold p = d + 1; and (b) a tradeoff between smoothness and sensitivity to the underlying unlabeled data distribution P . Thus, over the range p ≤ d, the function estimate f is degenerate and “spiky,” whereas for p ≥ d + 1, the function estimate f is smooth. We show that the effect of the underlying density vanishes monotonically with p, such that in the limit p = ∞, corresponding to the so-called Absolutely Minimal Lipschitz Extension, the estimate f is independent of the distribution P . Under the assumption of semi-supervised smoothness, ignoring P can lead to poor statistical performance; in particular, we construct a specific example for d = 1 to demonstrate that p = 2 has lower risk than p =∞ due to the former penalty adapting to P and the latter ignoring it. We also provide simulations that verify the accuracy of our predictions for finite sample sizes. Together, these properties show that p = d + 1 is an optimal choice, yielding a function estimate f that is both smooth and non-degenerate, while remaining maximally sensitive to P .
Computing Join Queries with Functional Dependencies

Recently, Gottlob, Lee, Valiant, and Valiant (GLVV) presented an output size bound for join queries with functional dependencies (FD), based on a linear program on polymatroids. GLVV bound strictly generalizes the bound of Atserias, Grohe and Marx (AGM) for queries with no FD, in which case there are known algorithms running within the AGM-bound and thus are worst-case optimal. A main result of this paper is an algorithm for computing join queries with FDs, running within GLVV bound up to a poly-log factor. In particular, our algorithm is worst-case optimal for any query where the GLVV bound is tight. As an unexpected by-product, our algorithm manages to solve a harder problem, where (some) input relations may have prescribed maximum degree bounds, of which both functional dependencies and cardinality bounds are special cases.We extend Gottlob et al. framework by replacing all variable subsets with the lattice of closed sets (under the given FDs). This gives us new insights into the structure of the worst-case bound and worst-case instances. While it is still open whether GLVV bound is tight in general, we show that it is tight on distributive lattices and some other simple lattices. Distributive lattices capture a strict superset of queries with no FD and with simple FDs. We also present two simpler algorithms which are also worst-case optimal on distributive lattices within a single-log factor, but they do not match GLVV bound on a general lattice. Our algorithms are designed based on a novel principle: we turn a proof of a polymatroid-based output size bound into an algorithm.
Two-Parameter Quantum Algebras, Canonical Bases, and Categorifications

A theory of canonical basis for a two-parameter quantum algebra is developed in parallel with the one in one-parameter case. A geometric construction of the negative part of a two-parameter quantum algebra is given by using mixed perverse sheaves and Deligne's weight theory based on Lusztig's work. A categorification of the negative part of a two-parameter quantum algebra is provided. A two-parameter quantum algebra is shown to be a two-cocycle deformation, depending only on the second parameter, of its one-parameter analogue.
From Hard to Soft: Understanding Deep Network Nonlinearities via Vector Quantization and Statistical Inference

Nonlinearity is crucial to the performance of a deep (neural) network (DN). To date there has been little progress understanding the menagerie of available nonlinearities, but recently progress has been made on understanding the role played by piecewise affine and convex nonlinearities like the ReLU and absolute value activation functions and max-pooling. In particular, DN layers constructed from these operations can be interpreted as {\em max-affine spline operators} (MASOs) that have an elegant link to vector quantization (VQ) and $K$-means. While this is good theoretical progress, the entire MASO approach is predicated on the requirement that the nonlinearities be piecewise affine and convex, which precludes important activation functions like the sigmoid, hyperbolic tangent, and softmax. {\em This paper extends the MASO framework to these and an infinitely large class of new nonlinearities by linking deterministic MASOs with probabilistic Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs).} We show that, under a GMM, piecewise affine, convex nonlinearities like ReLU, absolute value, and max-pooling can be interpreted as solutions to certain natural "hard" VQ inference problems, while sigmoid, hyperbolic tangent, and softmax can be interpreted as solutions to corresponding "soft" VQ inference problems. We further extend the framework by hybridizing the hard and soft VQ optimizations to create a $\beta$-VQ inference that interpolates between hard, soft, and linear VQ inference. A prime example of a $\beta$-VQ DN nonlinearity is the {\em swish} nonlinearity, which offers state-of-the-art performance in a range of computer vision tasks but was developed ad hoc by experimentation. Finally, we validate with experiments an important assertion of our theory, namely that DN performance can be significantly improved by enforcing orthogonality in its linear filters.
Effectiveness of Hindman’s Theorem for Bounded Sums

We consider the strength and effective content of restricted versions of Hindman’s Theorem in which the number of colors is specified and the length of the sums has a specified finite bound. Let \(\mathsf {HT}^{\le n}_k\) denote the assertion that for each k-coloring c of \(\mathbb {N}\) there is an infinite set \(X \subseteq \mathbb {N}\) such that all sums \(\sum _{x \in F} x\) for \(F \subseteq X\) and \(0 < |F| \le n\) have the same color. We prove that there is a computable 2-coloring c of \(\mathbb {N}\) such that there is no infinite computable set X such that all nonempty sums of at most 2 elements of X have the same color. It follows that \(\mathsf {HT}^{\le 2}_2\) is not provable in \(\mathsf {RCA}_0\) and in fact we show that it implies \(\mathsf {SRT}^2_2\) in \(\mathsf {RCA}_0+ \mathsf {B}\Pi ^0_1\). We also show that there is a computable instance of \(\mathsf {HT}^{\le 3}_3\) with all solutions computing \(0'\). The proof of this result shows that \(\mathsf {HT}^{\le 3}_3\) implies \(\mathsf {ACA}_0\) in \(\mathsf {RCA}_0\).
Special representations of Weyl groups: A positivity property

Abstract The special representations of a Weyl group W were introduced by the author in 1978. In this paper we show that the special representations of W , when viewed as representations of the corresponding J-ring, are characterized by a positivity property.
Staffing Call Centers with Uncertain Arrival Rates and Co-sourcing

In a call center, staffing decisions must be made before the call arrival rate is known with certainty. Once the arrival rate becomes known, the call center may be over-staffed, in which case staff are being paid to be idle, or under-staffed, in which case many callers hang-up in the face of long wait times. Firms that have chosen to keep their call center operations in-house can mitigate this problem by co-sourcing; that is, by sometimes outsourcing calls. Then, the required staffing N depends on how the firm chooses which calls to outsource in real time, after the arrival rate realizes and the call center operates as a M/M/N + M queue with an outsourcing option. Our objective is to find a joint policy for staffing and call outsourcing that minimizes the long-run average cost of this two-stage stochastic program when there is a linear staffing cost per unit time and linear costs associated with abandonments and outsourcing. We propose a policy that uses a square-root safety staffing rule, and outsources calls in accordance with a threshold rule that characterizes when the system is “too crowded.” Analytically, we establish that our proposed policy is asymptotically optimal, as the mean arrival rate becomes large, when the level of uncertainty in the arrival rate is of the same order as the inherent system fluctuations in the number of waiting customers for a known arrival rate. Through an extensive numerical study, we establish that our policy is extremely robust. In particular, our policy performs remarkably well over a wide range of parameters, and far beyond where it is proved to be asymptotically optimal
Eulerian polynomials and descent statistics

Abstract We prove several identities expressing polynomials counting permutations by various descent statistics in terms of Eulerian polynomials, extending results of Stembridge, Petersen, and Branden. Additionally, we find q -exponential generating functions for q -analogues of these descent statistic polynomials that also keep track of the inversion number or inverse major index. We also present identities relating several of these descent statistic polynomials to refinements of type B Eulerian polynomials and flag descent polynomials by the number of negative letters of a signed permutation. Our methods include permutation enumeration techniques involving noncommutative symmetric functions, the modified Foata–Strehl action, and a group action of Petersen on signed permutations. Notably, the modified Foata–Strehl action yields an analogous relation between Narayana polynomials and the joint distribution of the peak number and descent number over 231-avoiding permutations, which we also interpret in terms of binary trees and Dyck paths.
On the stability region of amplify-and-forward cooperative relay networks

This paper considers an amplify-and-forward relay network with fading states. Amplify-and-forward scheme (along with its variations) is the core mechanism for enabling cooperative communication in wireless networks, and hence understanding the network stability region under amplify-and-forward scheme is very important. However, in a relay network employing amplify-and-forward, the interaction between nodes is described in terms of real-valued “packets” (signals) instead of discrete packets (bits). This restrains the relay nodes from re-encoding the packets at desired rates. Hence, the stability analysis for relay networks employing amplify-and-forward scheme is by no means a straightforward extension of that in packet-based networks. In this paper, the stability region of a four-node relay network is characterized, and a simple throughput optimal algorithm with joint scheduling and rate allocation is proposed.
The Log-Volume of Optimal Codes for Memoryless Channels, Asymptotically Within a Few Nats

Shannon’s analysis of the fundamental capacity limits for memoryless communication channels has been refined over time. In this paper, the maximum volume $M_ \mathrm {avg}^{*}(n,\epsilon )$ of length- $n$ codes subject to an average decoding error probability $\epsilon $ is shown to satisfy the following tight asymptotic lower and upper bounds as $n \to \infty $ : $\underline {A}_\epsilon + o(1) \le \log M_ \mathrm {avg}^{*}(n,\epsilon ) - [nC - \sqrt {nV_\epsilon } \,Q^{-1}(\epsilon ) + ({1}/{2}) \log n] \le \overline {A}_\epsilon + o(1)$ , where $C$ is the Shannon capacity, $V_\epsilon $ is the $\epsilon $ -channel dispersion, or second-order coding rate, $Q$ is the tail probability of the normal distribution, and the constants $\underline {A}_\epsilon $ and $\overline {A}_\epsilon $ are explicitly identified. This expression holds under mild regularity assumptions on the channel, including nonsingularity. The gap $\overline {A}_\epsilon - \underline {A}_\epsilon $ is one nat for weakly symmetric channels in the Cover–Thomas sense, and typically a few nats for other symmetric channels, for the binary symmetric channel, and for the $Z$ channel. The derivation is based on strong large-deviations analysis and refined central limit asymptotics. A random coding scheme that achieves the lower bound is presented. The codewords are drawn from a capacity-achieving input distribution modified by an $O(1/\sqrt {n})$ correction term.
Random graphs, weak coarse embeddings, and higher index theory

This paper studies higher index theory for a random sequence of bounded degree, finite graphs with diameter tending to infinity. We show that in a natural model for such random sequences the following hold almost surely: the coarse Baum–Connes assembly map is injective; the coarse Baum–Connes assembly map is not surjective; the maximal coarse Baum–Connes assembly map is an isomorphism. These results are closely tied to issues of expansion in graphs: in particular, we also show that such random sequences almost surely do not have geometric property (T), a strong form of expansion. The key geometric ingredients in the proof are due to Mendel and Naor: in our context, their results imply that a random sequence of graphs almost surely admits a weak form of coarse embedding into Hilbert space.
Renormalization: General Theory

I review the theory of renormalization, as applied to weak-coupling perturbation theory in quantum field theories.
Proportional Closeness Estimation of Probability of Contamination Under Group Testing

The article is focused on the problem of estimating the probability p of individual contaminated sample, under group testing. The precision of the estimator is given by the probability of proportio...
Active Animations of Reduced Deformable Models with Environment Interactions

We present an efficient spacetime optimization method to automatically generate animations for a general volumetric, elastically deformable body. Our approach can model the interactions between the body and the environment and automatically generate active animations. We model the frictional contact forces using contact invariant optimization and the fluid drag forces using a simplified model. To handle complex objects, we use a reduced deformable model and present a novel hybrid optimizer to search for the local minima efficiently. This allows us to use long-horizon motion planning to automatically generate animations such as walking, jumping, swimming, and rolling. We evaluate the approach on different shapes and animations, including deformable body navigation and combining with an open-loop controller for realtime forward simulation.
THE UNSTABLE SLICE FILTRATION

The main goal of this paper is to construct an analogue of Vo- evodsky's slice filtration in the motivic unstable homotopy category. The construction is done via birational invariants, this is motivated by the exis- tence of an equivalence of categories between the orthogonal components for Voevodsky's slice filtration and the birational motivic stable homotopy cat- egories constructed in (9). Another advantage of this approach is that the slices appear naturally as homotopy fibres (and not as in the stable setting, where they are defined as homotopy cofibres) which behave much better in the unstable setting.
SO(2)-congruent projections of convex bodies with rotation about the origin

We prove that if two convex bodies $ K, L \subset \mathbb{R}^3$ satisfy the property that the orthogonal projections of $K$ and $L$ onto every plane containing the origin are roations of each other, then either $K$ and $L$ coincide or $L$ is the image of $K$ under a reflection about the origin
Few products, many h-fold sums

Expanding upon a technique of Croot and Hart, we show that for every h, there exists an &#x1d716; > 0 such that if A ⊆ ℝ is sufficiently large and |A.A|≤|A|1+&#x1d716;, then |hA|≥|A|Ω(eclog h).
Three steps to a historical anthropology of actually existing neoliberalism

The anthropology of neoliberalism has become polarized between a hegemonic economic model anchored by variants of market rule and an insurgent approach fueled by derivations of the Foucaultian notion of governmentality. Both conceptions obscure what is "neo" about neoliberalism: the reengineering and redeployment of the state as the agency that sets the rules and fabricates the subjectivities, social relations, and collective representations suited to realizing markets. I develop Bourdieu's concept of "bureaucratic field" to propose a via media between these two approaches that construes neoliberalism as an articulation of state, market, and citizenship that harnesses the first to impose the stamp of the second onto the third. This conception repatriates penality at the core of the production of a Centaur-state that practices laissez-faire at the top of the class structure and punitive paternalism at the bottom.
Delay-coordinate maps and the spectra of Koopman operators

The Koopman operator induced by a dynamical system is inherently linear and provides an alternate method of studying many properties of the system, including attractor reconstruction and forecasting. Koopman eigenfunctions represent the non-mixing component of the dynamics. They factor the dynamics, which can be chaotic, into quasiperiodic rotations on tori. Here, we describe a method through which these eigenfunctions can be obtained from a kernel integral operator, which also annihilates the continuous spectrum. We show that incorporating a large number of delay coordinates in constructing the kernel of that operator results, in the limit of infinitely many delays, in the creation of a map into the point spectrum subspace of the Koopman operator. This enables efficient approximation of Koopman eigenfunctions in systems with pure point or mixed spectra. We illustrate our results with applications to product dynamical systems with mixed spectra.
The Role of Narcissistic Hypocrisy in the Development of Accounting Estimates

In an experiment including experienced managers, we investigate how supervisor and subordinate narcissism influence a supervisor's review of a subordinate's accounting estimate. While narcissistic supervisors express greater liking for narcissistic subordinates (narcissistic tolerance), they nonetheless reject and revise the accounting estimates of narcissistic subordinates to a greater extent than they reject estimates of non‐narcissistic subordinates (narcissistic hypocrisy), even when doing so inhibits the supervisor's ability to reach a profit target. Our findings contribute to extant research in accounting and psychology. We demonstrate that narcissistic hypocrisy extends beyond the evaluation of others and alters narcissists' willingness to rely on other narcissists in a meaningful financial reporting decision. We also find that narcissistic hypocrisy is robust across age, gender, and supervisory experience. Le role de l'hypocrisie narcissique dans l’elaboration d'estimations comptables Les auteurs menent aupres de gestionnaires chevronnes une experience visant a determiner en quoi le narcissisme des superieurs et des subalternes influe sur l'examen auquel les superieurs soumettent les estimations comptables des subalternes. Bien que les superieurs narcissiques semblent apprecier davantage les subalternes narcissiques (tolerance narcissique), ils rejettent et revisent neanmoins les estimations des subalternes narcissiques plus souvent qu'ils ne rejettent les estimations des subalternes non narcissiques (hypocrisie narcissique), meme lorsque cette decision nuit a leur capacite d'atteindre un objectif de profit. Les resultats de l’etude viennent enrichir les recherches existantes en comptabilite et en psychologie. Les auteurs demontrent que l'hypocrisie narcissique s’etend au‐dela de l’evaluation d'autrui et modifie la mesure dans laquelle les narcissiques sont disposes a s'appuyer sur d'autres narcissiques dans une decision importante en matiere d'information financiere. Ils observent egalement que leurs conclusions quant a l'hypocrisie narcissique persistent quels que soient l’âge, le sexe et l'experience de supervision.
Theory of interacting cavity Rydberg polaritons

Photonic materials are an emerging platform to explore quantum matter (Carusotto and Ciuti 2013 Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 299; Sommer et al 2015 arXiv:1506.00341) and quantum dynamics (Peyronel et al 2012 Nature 488 57). The development of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (Weatherill et al 2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 201002; Petrosyan et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 213601) provided a clear route to strong interactions between individual optical photons. In conjunction with carefully designed optical resonators, it is now possible to achieve extraordinary control of the properties of individual photons, introducing tunable gauge fields (Schine et al 2016 Nature 534 671) whilst imbuing the photons with mass and embedding them on curved spatial manifolds (Sommer et al 2016 New J. Phys. 18 035008). Building on work formalizing Rydberg mediated interactions between propagating photons (Gorshkov et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 133602; Gullans et al 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 113601), we develop a theory of interacting Rydberg polaritons in multimode optical resonators, where the strong interactions are married with tunable single particle properties to build and probe exotic matter. In the presence of strong coupling between the resonator field and a Rydberg-dressed atomic ensemble, a quasiparticle called the 'cavity Rydberg polariton' emerges. We investigate its properties, finding that it inherits both the fast dynamics of its photonic constituents and the strong interactions of its atomic constituents. We develop tools to properly renormalize the interactions when polaritons approach each other, and investigate the impact of atomic motion on the coherence of multi-mode polaritons, showing that most channels for atom-polariton cross-thermalization are strongly suppressed. Finally, we propose to harness the repeated diffraction and refocusing of the optical resonator to realize interactions which are local in momentum-space. This work points the way to efficient modeling of polaritonic quantum materials in properly renormalized strongly interacting effective theories, thereby enabling experimental studies of photonic fractional quantum Hall fluids and crystals (Sommer et al 2015 arXiv:1506.00341; Umucalilar et al 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023803; Grusdt and Fleischhauer 2013 Phys. Rev. A 87 043628), plus photonic quantum information processors and repeaters (Jaksch et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 2208; Saffman et al 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 2313; Han et al 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81, 052311).