cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supporting interaction in augmented reality in the presence of uncertain spatial knowledge

A significant problem encountered when building Augmented Reality (AR) systems is that all spatial knowledge about the world has uncertainty associated with it. This uncertainty manifests itself as registration errors between the graphics and the physical world, and ambiguity in user interaction. In this paper, we show how estimates of the registration error can be leveraged to support predictable selection in the presence of uncertain 3D knowledge. These ideas are demonstrated in osgAR, an extension to OpenSceneGraph with explicit support for uncertainty in the 3D transformations. The osgAR runtime propagates this uncertainty throughout the scene graph to compute robust estimates of the probable location of all entities in the system from the user's viewpoint, in real-time. We discuss the implementation of selection in osgAR, and the issues that must be addressed when creating interaction techniques in such a system.
A Candid Look at Collected Works: Challenges of Clustering Aggregates in GLIMIR and FRBR

Creating descriptions of collected works in ways consistent with clear and precise retrieval has long challenged information professionals. This paper describes problems of creating record clusters for collected works, and distinguishing them from single works: design pitfalls, successes, failures, and future research.
Further studies on the propagation of cauliflower

Use of carefully lifted, decapitated cauliflower plants with 6 to 7 leaves per se, eliminated the need of the rooting of shoots and provided seeds in reduced time. Previously, shoots obtained from decapitated and de-leafed plants were rooted and allowed to produce seeds. This latter method did not assure that seed would be available in time for the following season's planting.
Optimal timing of rest perfusion with regadenoson stress testing - normal volunteer study of quantitative MRI perfusion

Many MRI perfusion protocols perform rest imaging a few minutes after stress imaging. Regadenoson is a new, selective Adenosine-2A receptor agonist used for myocardial perfusion imaging. The purpose of this study was to assess how well rest perfusion imaging 20 minutes after regadenoson stress reflects true baseline rest perfusion.
Ultraviolet radiation blocks the organic carbon exchange between the dissolved phase and the gel phase in the ocean

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is one of the major reservoirs of active organic carbon on Earth. Although the bulk of the marine DOC pool is largely composed of small refractory polymeric material, new evidence suggests that ;10% of the DOC pool (1016 g C) can enter the microbial loop by forming microscopic gels that can eventually be colonized and degraded by bacteria. Marine microgels result from a spontaneous and reversible assembly/ dispersion equilibrium of DOC polymers forming hydrated Ca-bonded tangled polymer networks. Here we test the hypothesis that ultraviolet (UV) photocleavage should strongly inhibit the formation of microgels, because the stability of tangled networks decreases exponentially with polymer length. Because of the loss of ozone shielding, the UV-B spectral component of solar radiation (λ = 280–320 nm) has undergone a dramatic increase in the past few decades, particularly in the polar regions. We used dynamic laser-scattering spectroscopy and flow cytometry to investigate UV-induced DOC polymer cracking and the effect of UV on DOC assembly/dispersion equilibrium in 0.2 µm filtered seawater. Results indicate that exposure of seawater to UV-B fluxes equivalent to those found in Antarctica during summer solstice can cleave DOC polymers, inhibit their spontaneous assembly, and/or disperse assembled microgels. Our results agree with previous observations that indicated that fragmentation produced by UV photolysis increases exponentially with exposure time and suggested that UV could limit the supply of microbial substrate by hindering microgel formation. UV cleavage yields short-chain polymers that do not assemble and could eventually account for the old refractory DOC pool found in seawater.
Dual-arm supervisory and shared control task description and execution

Abstract A unified control method for description and execution of cooperative dual-arm telerobotic supervisory and shared control tasks with multiple sensory inputs is presented. A general task execution primitive provides the capability. The desired behavior of execution is described by a large input parameter set to the primitive. The method provides a wide range of capabilities within the projected constraints for near-term space telerobotics systems such as limited computational power and safety. Move-squeeze decomposition is utilized to decompose forces sensed at the wrists of the two manipulators into forces in the move subspace, which cause system motion, and forces in the squeeze subspaces, which cause internal forces. The move and squeeze forces are then separately controlled. Each sensor control source is provided with its own task space for control before merging the inputs in a common move space frame. Bounded behavior control is used to ensure execution within safety bounds as specified a priori to task execution. Several space servicing tasks utilizing the cooperative dual-arm control capability are described and experimental results from the tasks are given. The supervisory and shared control tasks include capture of a rotating satellite, orbital replacement unit changeout, fluid coupler seating and locking, and contour following.
Using active data in a UIMS

An active data model is one that not only stores data, but also acts upon changes to the data in ways that reflect application domain semantics. This paper introduces an active object-oriented model based on incremental attribute evaluation (one-way constraints) and discusses how it can be used to support a number of tasks in a User Interface Management System. It is shown how this model can provide unified support for lexical, syntactic, and semantic feedback, how the model supports the specification and implementation of dynamically changing graphical layouts, and how the model can be used as the basis for support of user extensible interfaces.
The Selectavision Player

The videodisc is the nost exciting consumer electronics development since color television. Hundreds of scientists and engineers around the world have been working for many years on various videodisc formats. This paper will describe the capacitance electronics disc or CED system introductory player. There were three primary design goals for consumer use: Affordability, simplicity of operation and reliability.
Heat and Mass Transfer Between Three Heat Carriers

In this paper, a specific heat and mass transfer case between three components is considered, namely the heat and mass transfer of the suspension of solids particulates in air, in short a mixture, and the third heat carrier (gaseous or liquid) separated by the wall. Actually, this is a heat transfer between three heat carriers: a convection heat-and mass transfer between solid particulates and air as a conveying medium and a conduction heat transfer of this mixture with the third heat carrier through the wall.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Response of littoral invertebrates to reduction of fish density: simultaneous experiments in ponds with different fish assemblages

1. We experimentally reduced densities of predatory fish in replicated 2 m2 areas of the littoral zone in two ponds to test whether density and biomass of invertebrates would respond to release from fish predation. The ponds are of similar size and in close proximity, but support different fish assemblages: bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede)) in one pond, and bluespotted sunfish (Enneacanthus gloriosus (Holbrook)) and chain pickerel (Esox niger Lesueur) in the other. Fish densities were reduced to less than 15% of ambient levels in both experiments. 2. In the bluegill–bass pond, density and biomass of most invertebrate taxa and size classes were unaffected by the fish manipulation. Total invertebrate densities did not differ significantly between fish treatments, but total invertebrate biomass was significantly greater where fish density was reduced, averaging 30% higher over the course of the study. Likewise, manipulation of fish in the bluespotted sunfish–pickerel pond had few significant effects on individual taxa and size classes. There were no significant effects on total invertebrate abundance in the bluespotted sunfish–pickerel pond. 3. Our results provide direct experimental evidence consistent with the collective evidence from previous work, suggesting that the impact of fish predation on density and biomass of invertebrate prey in littoral habitats is variable, but generally weak. Invertebrates that coexist successfully with fish in littoral systems probably are adept at taking advantage of refugia offered by the structurally complex physical environment.
Untangling Social and Political Capital in Latin American Democracies

Robert Putnam extolled the virtue of social capital by arguing that social networks, civil society, and trust contribute to democracy. Subsequent research, however, identified a weakness in the social capital “model” in its underspecification of the mechanisms by which social capital affects political systems. This article proposes the concept of political capital as a likely product of social capital that links civil society participants to the political system. The article tests this two-stage model of social capital and political capital and their effects on democratization using survey data from eight Latin American nations. Results find that civil society engagement in 2004 affected political capital variables, which, in turn, had positive effects on system-level democracy measures in 2010. The article thus shows that political capital serves as an intervening variable between social capital and democracy and democratization.
Photometric and chromatic measuring system for projection TV

An automatic and computerized system, using stepping motor controlling and photometric sensing techniques, is specifically designed to measure photometric and chromatic characteristics of projection TV. The head of luxmeter in this system is set on a translation stage whose position is constrained along two orthogonal linear rails. The x-y translation stage is controlled by two stepping motors with a personal computer. It can take two dimensional scan at any position on projection screen. Byu scanning the screen, the measurements of total lumen, uniformity, efficiency, color coordinate, color temperature, color uniformity, and contrast for projection TV can be wholly done spontaneously. The controlling and analyzing software of these measurements were also well developed and described. In this paper, the experimental set up and results were shown. The methods and standards of these measurements were also discussed.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aerodynamics of Large-Scale Vortex Generator in Ground Effect

The aerodynamic performance of several vortex generators (VGs) of the type used on the lower surface of race cars was tested in a low-speed wind tunnel. In this particular application, the vortices emanating from the VGs create a suction force between the vehicle and the ground, thereby improving tire adhesion and the vehicle's cornering/ traction performance. Since the size of these devices is much larger than the local boundary layer thickness, they are termed "large scale" in this study. Results of the wind tunnel tests indicate that the aerodynamic adhesion forces increase with reduced ground clearance while the corresponding drag increase is much smaller. The parameters investigated in this study are the VG length, shape, and the effect of incidence angle. Amongst the various shapes tested, the traditional rectangular VG created the largest forces while the simple triangular design was the most efficient in terms of the incremental lift to drag ratio.
Comparison of intralaminar and interlaminar mode I fracture toughnesses of a unidirectional IM7/8552 carbon/epoxy composite

Abstract The intralaminar and interlaminar mode I fracture toughnesses of a unidirectional IM7/8552 carbon/epoxy composite were measured using compact tension (CT) and double cantilever beam (DCB) test specimens, respectively. Two starter crack geometries were considered for both the CT and DCB specimen configurations. In the first case, starter cracks were produced by 12.5 μm thick, Teflon film inserts. In the second case, considerably sharper starter cracks were produced by fatigue precracking. For each specimen configuration, use of the Teflon film starter cracks resulted in initially unstable crack growth and artificially high initiation fracture-toughness values. Conversely, specimens with fatigue precracks exhibited stable growth onset and lower initiation fracture toughnesses. For CT and DCB specimens with fatigue precracks, the intralaminar and interlaminar initiation fracture toughnesses were essentially equal. However, during propagation, the CT specimens exhibited more extensive fiber bridging and rapidly increasing R-curve behavior as compared to the DCB specimens. Observations of initiation and propagation of intralaminar and interlaminar fracture, and the measurements of fracture toughness, were consistent with fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy.
A Boundary Value Model for an Evaporating Meniscus

The constrained vapor bubble (CVB) experiment is an experiment to study the effect of low Bond numbers on the microscopic and macroscopic transport in a heat pipe. The microscopic (∼30 μm) contact line region, where the solid, liquid and vapor phase meet, is of fundamental importance in this study of fluid flow and heat transfer. This region, while dominated by interfacial forces, is controlled by the boundary conditions set by physics at the macroscopic scale (∼1 mm) on one side and the microscopic scale (∼ 0.1 μm) on the other. Recent experimental investigation by our group has shown that an effective means of changing the microscopic boundary conditions (the wettability of the fluid) is by introducing surface roughness at the nanoscale to the solid surface. Here we attempt to examine some of the experimental results in the light of a model. The model solves a nonlinear, fourth order evolution equation for the film thickness. It also provides the contact angle, interface curvature and heat transfer profile in the contact line region. The model agrees well with the experimental data. The presence of hydrodynamic slip at the solid liquid interface seems to improve the agreement.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Exotic decays of the muon and heavy leptons in gauge theories

Abstract We have studied the decay l1 → l2 + γ for arbitrary like charged spin 1 2 leptons in a manner which is applicable to a large class of models. Our computations assume that this process is induced by one loop diagrams. When the leading effect is cancelled by a leptonic G.I.M. mechanism, we find an extremely large enhancement of O(MW4/ML4) in Λ(μ−→e−+e+e−)/Λ(μ−→e−+γ) if the intermediate lepton is charged.
Collusion-resistant Sybil attack detection scheme in mobile ad hoc networks

MANET is a collection of number of nodes that formulates; either, a temporary or permanent, self-organized wireless network that dont rely on any pivotal central architecture or control. They are designed to use in situations where infrastructure network is either non-existent or its extremely costly to deploy. MANETs require a distinctive, unique and insistent identity for each node for its security protocols to be effective; Sybil attacks present a grave threat to such networks. We can create large number of logical identities in a Sybil attack on a single physical device by a selfish malicious node which gives a false impression to the network that they are different benign nodes and uses them to launch a harmonized attack against the network or a node. Node cooperation is very important for detection of Sybil attack, but unfortunately nodes may not always behave cooperatively and may collude in hostile environments for disrupting the detection accuracy of such systems. Sybil nodes cannot be accurately detected in the presence of malicious collusion which results in serious impact on detection accuracy of Sybil attacks. This paper proposed a novel scheme in order to detect a Sybil attack resistant to collusion by incorporating a trust based mechanism that would mitigate the benefit (the payoff gained) from collusion. Experimental results show that our proposed scheme detects Sybil or whitewashers new identities accurately and reduces the benefits of collusion in the presence of mobility.
A reformulation of the surface field integral equation

It is shown that the standard surface integral equations for a dielectric surface naturally lead to an iterative solution which does not reduce properly when the surface becomes perfectly conducting. This means that an inconsistency is contained in such a solution which is expected to be poor for surfaces with moderate or large dielectric values. Many studies have shown that the Kirchhoff fields provide excellent initial estimates. Hence, a reformulation of the surface integral equations is carried out to permit the use of the Kirchhoff fields as the initial estimates. It is shown that the resulting iterative solution of the tangential fields reduces correctly when the surface becomes perfectly conducting. This formulation allows an analogous development of surface scattering models for dielectric surfaces as was done for perfectly conducting surfaces.
Clinical implications for statin pleiotropy.

Purpose of ReviewAtherosclerosis is a multi-factorial condition involving dyslipidemia that can result in cardiovascular disease. Statins are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, and in clinical trials, statins have been shown to be beneficial in the primary and secondary prevention of cor
Dysphagia and expiratory air flow.

Expiratory air flow preserves the freedom of the upper airway from foodway contamination in patients with dysphagia. Valving the tracheostomy cannula, “quad coughing,” the Heimlich maneuver, the “supraglottic swallow,” and coupling to a ventilator each has a place among the measures used for treating aspiration.
Strong cardinals in the core model

We work with Steel's core model under the assumption that there is no inner class model for a Woodin cardinal. If there is no ω1V strong cardinal in the Steel core model, then K ∩ HC is projective. Moreover, if V = MColl(ω, < κ) for k measurable in M, then K is projective up to the first < ω1V-strong. This is used to resolve negatively the boldface correctness conjecture from Hauser (1995). We also show in ZFC that set forcing cannot create class models with a given number of strongs.
An Optimal Unemployment Rate

I. Training costs and "unemployables," 675. — II. Solution, 678. — III. Assessment, 679. — Appendix, 680.
A numbering system for combinations

It is often necessary to generate the sequence of combinations of s things chosen from among n things, or to generate a random member of this sequence. Various algorithms have been given for these tasks. Algorithm 94 [1] is a good combination generator, and methods for generating a random combination are discussed in [2, pp. 121-125].
Application of scatterometry to measure organic material profile

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) has been typical methods for measuring CD of nanopatterns until ArF process was introduced. However in case of ArF process, this method has serious drawback such as shrinkage of organic material by the irradiation of high-energy electron beam. The optical scatterometry system is considered to be promising method for measuring CD due to no damage on organic materials. Sub-80nm node gate was selected because of its measurement stability. CD, profile and thickness are compared with those measured by CD-SEM, cress-section SEM. The correlation degree is shown as GOF, R2, and Profile. Based on merit of speed, easiness and accurate measurement, optical CD method has been applied to CD uniformity. CD uniformity measured by OCD was very similar to that measured by SEM on gate pattern. Based on this result, OCD was applied for the improvement of CD uniformity combined with ASML's does-mapper in technology. We investigated the variation of thickness of organic BARC over topology of various size line and space patterned poly-Si by OCD.
On the Complexity of Randomly Weighted Multiplicative Voronoi Diagrams

We provide an $$O(n \,\hbox {polylog}\, n)$$O(npolylogn) bound on the expected complexity of the randomly weighted multiplicative Voronoi diagram of a set of $$n$$n sites in the plane, where the sites can be either points, interior disjoint convex sets, or other more general objects. Here the randomness is on the weight of the sites, not on their location. This compares favorably with the worst-case complexity of these diagrams, which is quadratic. As a consequence we get an alternative proof to that of Agarwal et al. (Discrete Comput Geom 54:551---582, 2014) of the near linear complexity of the union of randomly expanded disjoint segments or convex sets (with an improved bound on the latter). The technique we develop is elegant and should be applicable to other problems.
A Computer Simulation Study of Tailored Testing Strategies for Objective-Based Instructional Programs

One possible way of reducing the amount of time spent testing in . objective-based instructional programs would involve the implementation of a tailored testing strategy. Our purpose was to provide some additional data on the effectiveness of various tailored testing strategies for different testing situations. The three factors of a tailored testing strategy under study with various hypothetical distributions of abilities across two learning hierarchies were test length, mastery cutting score, and starting point.Overall, our simulation results indicate that it is possible to obtain a reduction of more than 50% in testing time without any loss in decision-making accuracy, when compared to a conventional testing procedure, by implementing a tailored testing strategy. In addition, our study of starting points revealed that it was generally best to begin testing in the middle of the learning hierarchy. Finally we observed a 40% reduction in errors of classification as the number of items for testing each obj...
PRINCIPLES OF URODYNAMICS PRESSURE MEASUREMENT AND ITS IMPLICATION TO FEMALE CONTINENCE FUNCTION

Abstract Urodynamic pressure measurements using catheters have been widely used among clinicians. More often objective interpretation of urodynamic pressure measurements requires fundamental understanding of pressure measurement techniques due to many measurement artifacts. In this study we developed a simplified compound thick-walled cylinder model to investigate the mechanical nature of urodynamic pressure measurement as well as pressure transmission. Efficacy of collagen implantation was also explored. Lame’s formulation was used to find analytical solutions. Pressure transmission can be related to catheter caliber and the compressibility of the urethral tissue (poisson ratio) in a simple mathematical form. The theoretical pressure transmission ratio will be 133% with the additional incompressibility assumption, reflecting the passive structural transmission of intraabdominal pressure increase. The relationship between the pressure measurement error and the catheter caliber was found to be linear ( r 2 =0.94±0.04) and two or more pressure measurements need to be used to find the uninstrumented pressure. It was predicted that collagen implantation treatment might improve the pressuretransmission ratio maximally by 33%.
Darwin and Normative Ethics

This article situates Darwin’s views on evolution and ethics into contemporary normative categories of moral theory by looking at Darwin’s treatment of ethics in The Descent of Man and discussing how Darwin’s approach to evolution and ethics fits with several representative normative ethical theories (virtue ethics, natural law ethics, social contract ethics, utilitarian ethics, deontological ethics, and care ethics). A close study of Darwin’s treatment of ethics that situates it among the ethical concepts and principles of the above normative theories is interesting, and helpful and necessary as today we seek to understand ethics against the backdrop of an evolutionary perspective on human beings. Ethics and human nature are distinct, yet theories of ethics always come with an attendant view of human nature. The moral philosophers Aristotle, Aquinas, Hobbes, Kant, and Mill—who provide important forerunners of normative theories on offer today—view human beings differently: their ethical theories have distinctive contours because of the particular aspects of human beings they regard as most significant. The same is true of Darwin; yet Darwin’s evolutionary view of human beings, though admittedly quite unique among traditional moral theorists, does not lead him to an unfamiliar and eccentric view about the nature and content of ethics.
Medial Collateral Ligament Knee Sprains in College Football Effectiveness of Preventive Braces

This is the second of 2 articles on a 3-year investigation of medial collateral ligament sprains of the knee to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic knee braces in NCAA Division I college football players. Position, string, type of session, and daily brace wear were recorded. The injury rates for braced and unbraced knees were used to create an incidence density ratio. The data were stratified and simultaneously controlled for position, string, and session and evaluated for their statistical significance. The 987 Big Ten players generated 155,772 knee exposures over the study period (50% braced). Noticeable differences existed in the rates of injury for the braced and unbraced knees in almost every position during practices, depending on player or nonplayer status. When the influential factors of position, string, and session are considered, there is a consistent but not statistically significant tendency for the players wearing preventive knee braces to experience a lower injury rate than for their unbraced counterparts. For starters and substitutes in the line positions, as well as the linebackers and tight ends, there was a consistent trend toward a lower injury rate in both practices and games. The braced players in the skill positions (backs/kickers), at least during games, exhibited a higher injury rate.
Quantitative evaluation of the performance of a permit auction system in reducing bycatch of sea turtles in the Hawaii Swordfish longline fishery

Abstract Many authors have suggested the use of a cap and trade auction system to help reduce bycatch—the incidental take of species by fishing gear targeting other species—of sea turtles in the Hawaii-based swordfish longline fishery. However, we know of no quantitative evaluations of the method. We present a simple mathematical model to serve as a framework to evaluate bycatch auction systems quantitatively. We conclude that cap and trade auction systems have the potential to reduce sea turtle bycatch by creating a financial incentive, while keeping permit costs down to 2–3% of total revenues. While stringent regulations aimed at conserving endangered sea turtles would still be essential, implementation of an auction for issuing transferable bycatch permits would likely enhance the economic efficiency of the fleet. Sea turtle mortality could be reduced further if a shrinking cap on total turtle mortality was introduced, taking advantage of the incentives for reducing turtle mortality that are introduced by the cap and trade auction system.
Electron affinities of Ag4 and Au4

Abstract Electron affinities of Ag 4 and Au 4 as well as Ag 3 and Au 3 are computed using complete-active space multi-configuration self-consistent field (CAS MCSCF) followed by singles + doubles CI + Q (SDCI + Q) and multi-reference singles + doubles CI + Q (MRSDCI + Q) calculations which included up to 1.2 million configurations. Our computed electron affinities for the tetramers when scaled by a factor 1.3 and 1.35 for Ag 4 and Au 4 , respectively, are in good agreement with the recent experimental values of Smalley and co-workers. The electron affinities of tetramers are found to be considerably smaller than trimers.
An APL idiom inventory

An instrument is proposed for rating APL idioms. Scales include: Length sIO Independence Usefulness Efficiency Generality Clarity Simplicity Memorability Interestingness EleganceThis APL Idiom Inventory was pilot-tested by APL programmers and APL instructors who rated a dozen selected APL idioms. The results indicate which idioms they think are “useful”, “easy to learn”, “hard to remember”, “interesting”, etc. Implications for teaching and related issues are also discussed.
TEACHERS' PERCEPTION OF AUDITORY PROBLEMS AND THE SCAN '

Szrmmar)l.-An assessment with 95 children (49 boys) showed teachers' perception of Listening behavior agreed with scores on the SCAN, a screening test for auditory perceptual disorders. Poor listeners in a school environment are often characterized as "deficient in auditory skills." Some of these children could be assumed to have listening problems. The SCAN, a screening test for auditory processing &sorders (Keith, 1986), idendies children with auditory processing disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess whether teachers' perception of listening behavior agreed with children's scores on the SCAN. A study was completed with 95 children (49 boys) who were native English speakers, had passed a standard hearing screen at 20 dB HL and were enrolled in a ~ublic school in Grade 1 (51 children) or Grade 2 (44 children). No child had been identified as having any hd of speech, language, or learning problem by a teacher or the speech-language pathologist. The teachers classified the children into two groups, having no perceived listening ~roblem (57 children) and a perceived listening problem (38 children). All children were given the SCAN accordmg to test protocol by a speech-language pathologist. The test yielded subtests scores on Filtered Words, Auditory Figure-ground, Competing Words, right ear/left ear scores, and a Composite score. A multivariate analysis of variance, used to analyze the raw scores, showed no main effect for grade or sex and no interactions. A multivariate effect was attributed to teachers' categorization (F,,8, =4.35, p < .001 by the Wilks Lambda criterion), indicating that the teachers categorized the children &fferently based on their classroom listening behavior. This significant main effect was followed by a &scriminant function analysis to identdy which variables contributed to the significant F ratio. Variables with a Wllks Lambda of 1 .OOO1 were included in the analysis: Competing Words, sex, Composite score, left-ear score, and right-ear score. (Table 1) These results agreed with Keith (1986) who stated that the SCAN scores cluster into two separate areas, the scores from the Filtered Words
Maternal thinking and the politics of war

Conventional ways of thinking about the gender of war and peace center on the too‐comfortable view of women—and especially mothers—as embedded in particular ways of being‐in‐the‐world that presumably make them resistant to wars and receptive to peacekeeping. Yet in many cases, this theory doesn't hold true. Instead, aspects of the experience of mothering—especially under conditions of scarcity, famine, oppression, and political disruption—can both instruct and allow women to readily surrender their sons (and their husbands) to war, violence, and death. There's a maternal ethos of “acceptable death” without which political violence and wars of all kinds would not be possible.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis after Instrumentation for Urodynamic Testing

This study of 96 women shows that there is doubtful value in routine antibiotic prophylaxis after urodynamic investigation. An unexpectedly high number of women harboured unsuspected infections at the time of evaluation despite prior screening, which suggests prophylaxis would be more useful if given before the tests.
WE-E-213A-01: Practical Aspects (and Pitfalls) of External Beam Photon Calibrations Using TG-51

Purpose: Since its publication in September, 1999 (Medical Physics 26(9), pp 1847–90), the TG‐51 calibration protocol has been implemented in most US institutions. This presentation, one part of a workshop session on practical aspects of treatment unit calibrations, will review the basics of TG‐51 calibrations for conventional linear accelerator beams. Methods and Materials: Using the TG‐51 publication as a guide, practical aspects of performing a TG‐51 calibration of a treatment unit will be described. Relevant definitions of the key parameters to be acquired, either through measurement or calculation, will be reviewed. Starting from the acquisition of valid absorbed‐dose to water calibration factor, methods for determining each of the parameters used in the TG‐51 calculation will be reviewed. Common techniques will be illustrated and some common mistakes will be discussed. Publicly available resources will be described. Methods for verifying the results of calibrations, particularly when spreadsheets or other calculations aids are utilized, will also be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. Review the basic implementation of TG‐51 for conventional external beam measurements. 2. Discuss practical aspects of the selection of ion chamber,electrometer and measurement conditions for TG‐51 calibrations. 3. Demonstrate some techniques for determining TG‐51 parameters such as Pion, Ppol, and kQ 4. Discuss some common mistakes and how to avoid them.
Biodegradable Meshes Printed with Extracellular Matrix Proteins Support Micropatterned Hepatocyte Cultures

The spatial organization of cells of different phenotypes is an important and often defining determinant of tissue function. In tissue engineering, which attempts to rebuild functional tissues from cellular and synthetic components, spatial patterning of cells onto biomaterials is likely to be equally important. We have printed combinatorial arrays of extracellular matrix (ECM) and screened them for attachment by HepG2 hepatocytes, LX-2 hepatic stellate cells, primary portal fibroblasts, and bovine aortic endothelial cells—cells selected as representative phenotypes found in adult liver. Differential cell attachment to the underlying matrix proteins allowed us to establish two-dimensional co-cultures of HepG2 with these non-parenchymal cell types. These general approaches were then translated to tissue engineering scaffolds where deposition of ECM proteins onto electrospun polylactide meshes resulted in patterned HepG2 cultures. We observed that the spatial organization of fibronectin deposits influenced ...
A multipass cuvette for laser photolysis studies and its uses in studying hemoglobin kinetics and equilibria

Abstract A simple multipass cuvette was constructed by cementing small first-surface mirrors to opposite optical faces of a standard cuvette, eliminating the need for complex alignment devices. The multipass cuvette could then be positioned to provide optical path lengths of approximately 5 and 7 cm for the observing beam directed perpendicularly to the laser photolytic pulse. Internal reflection losses in the cuvette elevated the baseline by 0.36 in absorbance for the seven-pass alignment. Heme proteins can easily be studied at 100 n m in this cuvette. Analysis of the concentration dependence of the rapid recombination phase following photolysis of HbCO allows K TD to be determined. Precise determination of this constant, however, requires that a large range of concentrations be studied, allowing the fraction of rapid phase to vary from 20 to 80%. Human HbCO at pH 7 cannot be effectively studied over this concentration range in ordinary cuvettes owing to the low concentrations required. By employing the multipass cuvette, we have been able to make very precise determinations of this constant and find at pH 7, 21°C, a value for K TD of 0.66 μ m . We also determined that the quantum yield for photolysis of HbCO dimers and tetramers must be very nearly the same. For HbCO in Tris buffer, pH 7.4, the R → T conformation change is some six to seven times slower than that in phosphate. We have developed a simple equation that allows both the rate constant for the conformational change and the K TD to be determined under these conditions. The K TD obtained is in excellent agreement with a reported value obtained by large-zone gel filtration.
Calcium-loaded 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid blocks cell-to-cell diffusion of carboxyfluorescein in staminal hairs of Setcreasea purpurea.

The effect of microinjected calcium-loaded 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (CaBAPTA) on cell-to-cell diffusion of carboxyfluorescein (CF) was examined in staminal hairs of S. purpurea Boom. The CaBAPTA was microinjected into the cytoplasm of the staminal hairs either with CF or prior to a subsequent microinjection of CF. The cell-to-cell diffusion of CF along the hair was monitored using enhanced-fluorescence video microscopy. Cytoplasmic streaming stopped in cells treated with CaBAPTA, indicating that intracellular Ca2+ had increased. Cell-to-cell diffusion of CF was blocked in cells treated with Ca-BAPTA. An inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming and cell-to-cell diffusion was observed in the cells adjoining the CaBAPTA-microinjected cell, indicating that the Ca-BAPTA appeared to pass through plasmodesmata. While cytoplasmic streaming resumed 5–10 min after CaBAPTA treatment, cell-to-cell diffusion did not resume until 30–120 min later. These data support an involvement of calcium in the regulation of cell-to-cell communication in plants.
Charge-Carrier Transport Phenomena in Amorphous Si O 2 : Direct Measurement of the Drift Mobility and Lifetime

A report of the first direct measurement of the drift velocity of excess electrons is given as a function of applied field in amorphous Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ using a transit-time technique. The drift mobility is found to be 20 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V sec at 300 K, the highest known for a solid amorphous material, and it decreases with increasing temperature. These results can be explained by a model involving LO phonon scattering at high temperatures and boundary scattering at lower temperatures.
Acceptance of innovations: The customer is the key!

Abstract The notion of customer acceptance of a technological innovation has largely been neglected in research on marketing. Of all of the ingredients required for a successful innovation, the most important is customer need. Businesses need to understand the reasons behind customer acceptance or rejection in order to become more efficient in their development efforts, and to recognize ways to improve competitiveness and profitability. This paper examines the diffusion process and those factors which determine whether or not an innovation is accepted with special note towards the determinants of customer acceptance of an innovation.
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Pseudaminic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway: Targeting Motility as a Key Bacterial Virulence Factor

Helicobacter pylori is motile by means of polar flagella, and this motility has been shown to play a critical role in pathogenicity. The major structural flagellin proteins have been shown to be glycosylated with the nonulosonate sugar, pseudaminic acid (Pse). This glycan is unique to microorganisms, and the process of flagellin glycosylation is required for H. pylori flagellar assembly and consequent motility. As such, the Pse biosynthetic pathway offers considerable potential as an antivirulence drug target, especially since motility is required for H. pylori colonization and persistence in the host. This report describes screening the five Pse biosynthetic enzymes for small-molecule inhibitors using both high-throughput screening (HTS) and in silico (virtual screening [VS]) approaches. Using a 100,000-compound library, 1,773 hits that exhibited a 40% threshold inhibition at a 10 μM concentration were identified by HTS. In addition, VS efforts using a 1.6-million compound library directed at two pathway enzymes identified 80 hits, 4 of which exhibited reasonable inhibition at a 10 μM concentration in vitro. Further secondary screening which identified 320 unique molecular structures or validated hits was performed. Following kinetic studies and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of selected inhibitors from our refined list of 320 compounds, we demonstrated that three inhibitors with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of approximately 14 μM, which belonged to a distinct chemical cluster, were able to penetrate the Gram-negative cell membrane and prevent formation of flagella.
Webrb: evaluating a visual domain-specific language for building relational web-applications

Many web-applications can be characterized as "relational". In this paper we introduce and evaluate WebRB, a visualdomain-specific language for building such applications. WebRB addresses the limitations of the conventional "imperative-embedding" approach typically used to build relational web-applications. We describe the WebRB language, present extended examples of its use, and discuss the WebRB visual editor, libraries, and runtime. We then evaluate WebRB by comparing it to alternative approaches, and demonstrate its effectiveness in building relational web-applications.
Bank Indonesia and The Recent Crisis

This paper is a personal note describing the crisis as it unfolded while the writer was a key player in Indonesia's macroeconomic management. The crisis is seen as multi-faceted. It originated externally from a shock in the currency market that triggered a downward spiral from currency depreciation to fully-fledged crisis. The currency shock that hit the rupiah in July 1997 exposed in sequence the flaws embedded in the banking sector, the economic system, the social and the political system, flaws that had been obscured by long years of good economic performance. Through a complicated process of contagion and feedback effects—market disturbances, policy responses and market reactions—Indonesia deteriorated from a relatively well managed economy to the “worst case” among the Asian crisis economies. The paper discusses this process, the IMF's role, the bank closure issue, the currency board controversy and the author's dismissal as Governor of Bank Indonesia.
CONTINUITY BETWEEN BOUND AND UNBOUND STATES IN A FERMI GAS

A soluble model of a gas of independent fermions in the presence of an attractive localized potential $\ensuremath{\lambda}v(\mathbf{r})$ is considered. It is shown that the properties of the system as a whole are smooth (analytic) functions of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, even at those values of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ where new single-particle bound states appear. Thus for the system as a whole, the transition from "screening" to "binding" is smooth and the concept of a bound state cannot be given a sharp meaning. Implications for certain metals and alloys are discussed.
Aerobic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid with bisulfite

Abstract Indole-3-acetic acid was rapidly destroyed in the presence of Mn 2+ , oxygen and bisulfite. (2-Sulfoindole)-3-acetic acid and dioxindole-3-acetic acid were isolated and identified as the two major products. A chemical mechanism accounting for the formation of the products is presented in which O 2 − and HO·radicals, produced during the aerobic oxidation of bisulfite, function as oxidizing agents.
A new high-speed periodic-threshold comparator for use in a Josephson A/D converter

A Josephson comparator based on a nonhysteric one-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) for use in a periodic-threshold A/D (analog-to-digital) converter is discussed. Simulations show that a 4-bit A/D converter using this comparator could have a sampling rate of >20 GHz with an analog signal bandwidth of >10 GHz. This performance represents a factor-of-greater-than-five improvement over that of other periodic-threshold A/D converters, which are based on two- or three-junction SQUIDs. >
Superaddressee or Who Will Succeed a Mentor

This philosophical essay is inspired by a four-year pedagogical relationship that continues in its altered form today. The main focus of this piece is the transformation of a mentor as an immediate addressee into mentor as a superaddressee, an influential third listener who oversees observable dialogues. I explore the mutual responsibilities of a student and a mentor in order to uncover the elements in the pedagogical chemistry responsible for the transformation of an addressee into a superaddressee. Confirmation (a perfect form of understanding) of a student’s intellectual and moral uniqueness, incarnation of a particular value deemed desirable by a student, and education of a student into the dialogic ways of being on his or her own are the necessary ingredients of the process of becoming a superaddressee. Initially a mentor engages in the pedagogy of understanding whose ideal outcome is confirmation of a student’s intellectual and moral makeup. After the dialogue is over, a mentor often moves into the domain of inner speech from where he or she continues to offer perfect understanding, especially in the absence of such understanding from an immediate addressee. Two types of superaddressees are identified and their relationship with the invoking consciousness is explored. I conclude that becoming a superaddressee is the most generous pedagogical contribution to a student’s future: a mentor thus makes his or her voice available to a student’s inner dialogue, often without receiving anything in return.