cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychological eating factors, affect, and ecological momentary assessed diet quality

Eating behaviors are a contributor to obesity, yet more research is needed examining time varying and time-invariant factors associated with food consumption. Psychological eating factors (e.g., restraint, disinhibition, and susceptibility to hunger) and affect have been associated with obesity and diet. However, less is known about how psychological eating factors and affect are associated with food consumption assessed in daily life. The purpose of this study was to examine associations among psychological eating factors, affect, and food consumption using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in a non-clinical sample of college students. Young adults (N = 30; Mage = 21) completed traditional self-report measures of psychological eating factors and usual dietary intake and EMA measures of food consumption and affect. Momentary negative affect was associated with greater sugary beverage consumption, and sugary food consumption in the past 2.5 h was associated with report of higher current negative affect. Susceptibility to hunger, disinhibited and emotional eating, and baseline unhealthy eating were positively related to sugary food consumption. Lower susceptibility to hunger was associated with more sugary beverage intake. Finally, increased aggregate EMA negative affect and positive affect were related to increased fruit consumption, and lower susceptibility to hunger and baseline unhealthy eating were associated with vegetable consumption. Results provide support for the role of time varying and invariant factors in predicting eating behaviors in daily life; both may be important to consider in obesity prevention and intervention. Particularly, ecological momentary interventions targeting affective states in individuals’ daily lives may be useful for changing food intake. Level IV, multiple time series.
Nursing model of hypertension patients in community

Objective To discuss the influence of home health care on the blood pressure and compliance of hypertension patients.Methods A total of 80 cases of hypertention patients were divided into home health care group and routine group according to sex,age and the degree of hypertension,each group had 40 cases.Home health care group was given procedural home health care,and routine group was given routine community nursing for 6 months.Results There were significantly different on the effect of blood pressure reduxction and compliance between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The procedural home health care can enhance the compliance of hypertension patients,improve blood pressure reduxction,increase the patients'life quality.So,it is worth popularizing. Key words: Hypertension; Home health care; Community health care
An overlooked route of inhalation exposure to tap water constituents for children and adults: Aerosolized aqueous minerals from ultrasonic humidifiers

Abstract Fine particulates and aerosols emitted by commonly used, room-sized ultrasonic humidifiers may pose adverse health effects to children and adults. The literature documents adverse effects for children exposed to minerals emitted from humidifiers. This study performs novel and comprehensive characterization of bivariate particle size and element concentrations of emitted airborne aerosols and particles from ultrasonic humidifiers filled with tap water, including size distribution from 0.014 to 10 μm by scanning mobility particle sizer and AeroTrak; corresponding metal and elemental concentrations as a function of particle size by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer; and calculations of deposition fraction in human lungs for age-specific groups using the multi-path particle dosimetry model (MPPD). Deposition fraction is the ratio of mass deposited to total mass inhaled. When filled with tap water, water evaporated from emitted aerosols to form submicron particles that became essentially “dried tap water” with median size 146 nm and mean concentration of 211 μg-total elements/m3-air including 35 μg-calcium/m3-air in a room of 33.5 m3 and air exchange rate at ∼0.8 hr−1. Approximately 90% of emitted particles deposited in human lungs were 1 μm consisted of lower elemental concentrations and more water due to low evaporation. Deposition fraction in pulmonary region was ∼2-fold higher, and deposited particulate mass was 3.5-fold higher for children than adults, indicating greater inhalation exposure to children compared to adults. Modeled data of total particles mass per body weight (BW) that will deposit in adult and child lungs after 8-h humidifier exposure were respectively 2.8 μg/kg-BW and 9.8 μg/kg-BW, where calcium contributes 0.4 μg/kg-BW and 1.6 μg/kg-BW. This comprehensive study of bivariate inorganic chemical composition as a function of particle size expanded, quantified, and modeled exposure for children and adults to aerosolized calcium and other inorganic constituents in water.
Herpes zoster during arsenic trioxide therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Historically, arsenic exposure has been associated with herpes zoster (HZ) infection, however the risk is not well characterized in arsenic trioxide (ATO) treated patients with acute promyelocytic ...
The Fertility of Theory and the Unit for Appraisal in Science

In both rationalism and empiricism, the two ‘classical’ forms of philosophy of science originating in the seventeenth century, it was assumed that appraisal in science had to be a matter of applying logical rules. To justify a scientific statement was to infer it from the first principles (rationalist) or the evidence (empiricist). To appraise was to certify the starting point of the inference as true principle or reliable evidence, and then evaluate the validity of the inference (deductive or inductive) drawn from it. There are two major assumptions here: first the foundationalist one that science must rest on foundational statements, themselves unchallengeable, and second, the logical one, that inferability is the proper test of a scientific claim.1 If science is to be the definitive sort of knowing that nearly everyone from Aristotle to Kant thought it could and should be, these assumptions are difficult to avoid.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare life-threatening condition due to hereditary or acquired deficiencies in ADAMTS13, an enzyme responsible for cleaving von Willebrand factor multimers into functional monomers. TTP presents as a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with a severe thrombocytopenia as well as possible fever, renal dysfunction, and neurologic compromise. In pregnancy, TTP is very difficult to distinguish from the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP), as both may present with hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and organ failure. An ADAMTS13 assay and antibody screen should be utilized for diagnosis in cases of severe thrombocytopenia (<50,000 platelets) especially when symptoms do not improve after delivery. The treatment for hereditary TTP revolves around weekly plasma transfusions based on platelet counts, while acquired TTP requires plasmapheresis to remove the harmful antibodies from circulation. Recurrence is possible, and future pregnancies should be monitored closely as early proper treatment significantly improves both maternal and fetal outcomes.
Static and Dynamic Projections of Drug-Drug Interactions Caused by Cytochrome P450 3A Time-Dependent Inhibitors Measured in Human Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes.

Cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) is a frequent target for time-dependent inhibition (TDI) that can give rise to drug-drug interactions (DDI). Yet many drugs that exhibit in vitro TDI for CYP3A do not result in DDI. There were 23 drugs with published clinical DDI evaluated for CYP3A TDI in human liver microsomes (HLM) and hepatocytes (HHEP), and these data were used in static and dynamic models for projecting DDI caused by inactivation of CYP3A in both liver and intestine. TDI parameters measured in HHEP, particularly the maximal rate of enzyme inactivation, were generally lower than those measured in HLM. In static models, the use of estimated average unbound organ exit concentrations offered the most accurate projections of DDI with geometric mean fold errors of 2.0 and 1.7 for HLM and HHEP, respectively. Use of maximum organ entry concentrations yielded marked overestimates of DDI. When evaluated in a binary fashion (i.e., projection of DDI of 1.25-fold or greater), data from HLM offered the greatest sensitivity (100%) and specificity (67%) and yielded no missed DDI when average unbound organ exit concentrations were used. In dynamic physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, accurate projections of DDI were obtained with geometric mean fold errors of 1.7 and 1.6 for HLM and HHEP, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 67% when using TDI data generated in HLM and Simcyp modeling. Overall, DDI caused by CYP3A-mediated TDI can be reliably projected using dynamic or static models. For static models, average organ unbound exit concentrations should be used as input values otherwise DDI will be markedly overestimated. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT CYP3A time-dependent inhibitors (TDI) are important in the design and development of new drugs. The prevalence of CYP3A TDI is high among newly synthesized drug candidates, and understanding the potential need for running clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies is essential during drug development. Ability to reliably predict DDI caused by CYP3A TDI has been difficult to achieve. We report a thorough evaluation of CYP3A TDI and demonstrate that DDI can be predicted when using appropriate models and input parameters generated in human liver microsomes or hepatocytes.
On the Clock: How Integrated Behavioral Health Providers Save Pediatricians Time

Introduction Past research literature indicates that primary care visits in which behavioral health concerns are discussed occupy a substantial amount of a physician’s time. One solution for meeting the behavioral health needs of pediatric patients is the integration of psychologists into the primary care setting within a patient-centered medical home. Theory/Methods The purpose of this research study is to examine the effects of Integrated Behavioral Health (IBH) services on pediatrician efficiency (PE). No studies to date have investigated the effects of IBH services on PE. We collaborated with pediatricians, utilizing direct observation and medical record review techniques to compare PE in clinics with and without IBH services. It is hypothesized that clinics with IBH services improve PE. Four pediatric clinics associated with an academic medical center are included within the current study, two with IBH services and two with standard medical care (N=400). Results Approximately 25% of patients observed presented with behavioral health concerns. Pediatrician visits that include discussion of behavioral health concerns took about five minutes longer than other medical visits. Within the context of a well-child exam (WCEs), pediatricians in clinics with IBH services spent approximately 26 minutes with patients who had behavioral health concerns, whereas clinics without IBH services spent approximately 22 minutes with these patients (p Discussions Pediatricians with IBH were significantly more efficient during RV, extended RVs, and WCEs. Behavioral health concerns are highly prevalent within pediatric primary care visits, with behavioral health concerns presenting in approximately one quarter of medical visits within this study. The most commonly identified behavioral health concerns related to ADHD, weight management, and behavior concerns. Conclusions Results suggests that IBH provides a physician “leveraging effect” that may lead to more time and availability for pediatricians to devote to other medical concerns, improve pediatrician pace of day, and improve pediatrician job satisfaction (and possibly prevent burnout). Lessons learned These benefits could support the further expansion of IBH services within pediatric primary care settings in order to increase access to behavioral health care for patients and improve efficiency of physicians. Limitations Patients were not randomized into clinics with IBH vs. comparison. Suggestions for future research Future research may want to investigate the level of integration (e.g., co-located vs. fully integrated) to determine if the level of integration impacts PE.
Relationships between frontal metabolites and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in cognitively normal older adults.

Abstract Elevated expression of β-amyloid (Aβ1-42) and tau are considered risk-factors for Alzheimer's disease in healthy older adults. We investigated the effect of aging and cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ1-42 and tau on 1) frontal metabolites measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 2) cognition in cognitively normal older adults (n = 144; age range 50-85). Levels of frontal gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA+) and myo-inositol relative to creatine (mI/tCr) were predicted by age. Levels of GABA+ predicted cognitive performance better than mI/tCr. Additionally, we found that frontal levels of n-acetylaspartate relative to creatine (tNAA/tCr) were predicted by levels of t-tau. In cognitively normal older adults, levels of frontal GABA+ and mI/tCr are predicted by aging, with levels of GABA+ decreasing with age and the opposite for mI/tCr. These results suggest that age- and biomarker-related changes in brain metabolites are not only located in the posterior cortex as suggested by previous studies and further demonstrate that MRS is a viable tool in the study of aging and biomarkers associated with pathological aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Association between newborn separation, maternal consent and health outcomes: findings from a longitudinal survey in Kenya.

Objectives Disrespectful and poor treatment of newborns such as unnecessary separation from parents or failure to obtain parental consent for medical procedures occurs at health facilities across contexts, but little research has investigated the prevalence, risk factors or associated outcomes. This study examined these experiences and associations with healthcare satisfaction, use and breast feeding. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting 3 public hospitals, 2 private hospitals, and 1 health centre/dispensary in Nairobi and Kiambu counties in Kenya. Participants Data were collected from women who delivered in health facilities between September 2019 and January 2020. The sample included 1014 women surveyed at baseline and at least one follow-up at 2–4 or 10 weeks post partum. Primary and secondary outcome measures (1) Outcomes related to satisfaction with care and care utilisation; (2) continuation of post-discharge newborn care practices such as breast feeding. Results 17.6% of women reported newborn separation at the facility, of whom 71.9% were separated over 10 min. 44.9% felt separation was unnecessary and 8.4% reported not knowing the reason for separation. 59.9% reported consent was not obtained for procedures on their newborn. Women separated from their newborn (>10 min) were 44% less likely to be exclusively breast feeding at 2–4 weeks (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.56, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.76). Obtaining consent for newborn procedures corresponded with 2.7 times greater likelihood of satisfaction with care (aOR=2.71, 95% CI: 1.67 to 4.41), 27% greater likelihood of postpartum visit attendance for self or newborn (aOR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.55), and 33% greater likelihood of exclusive breast feeding at 10 weeks (aOR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.62). Conclusions Newborns, mothers and families have a right to high-quality, respectful care, including the ability to stay together, be informed and properly consent for care. The implications of these experiences on health outcomes a month or more after discharge illustrate the importance of a positive experience of postnatal care.
Creating Integrated Environments for Young Children with Special Needs.

More and more frequently, infants and preschoolers with special needs are being included in classrooms with typically developing children. This article suggests ideas for teachers—practical ideas about how to cope with the challenge of inclusion, how to address the needs of the group as well as how to further the comfort and learning of each child in an integrated setting.
Neurogenesis in the adult brain: death of a dogma

For over 100 years a central assumption in the field of neuroscience has been that new neurons are not added to the adult mammalian brain. This perspective examines the origins of this dogma, its perseverance in the face of contradictory evidence, and its final collapse. The acceptance of adult neurogenesis may be part of a contemporary paradigm shift in our view of the plasticity and stability of the adult brain.
Louis D. Brandeis: A Life. By Melvin I. Urofsky. (New York, NY: Schocken Books, 2012. Pp. xiii, 955. $24.95.)

In this majestic biography, the author takes the reader painstakingly and diligently through all the stages and chapters of the life of Louis Dembitz Brandeis—from a loving, highly assimilated Germ...
Chapter 8 membrane bioseparations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses membrane bioseparations. Membrane separations—in particular, microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and reverse osmosis (RO)—played only modest roles in recovering and purifying the products of classical fermentation processes. Porous MF and UF membranes found limited application in the separation and/or concentration of particulate, colloidal, and macromolecular species, and reverse osmosis was only rarely employed in downstream processing. The bioseparation tasks were and still are accomplished by a small group of more conventional "workhorse" unit operations; these include centrifugation and vacuum filtration for solid/liquid separations, chromatography for protein recovery and purification, and solvent extraction for antibiotic purification. The size and complexity of biologically produced materials runs the gamut from simple organic solutes (e.g., ethanol) at one extreme to macromolecular, colloidal, and particulate species (e.g., proteins and whole cells) at the other. Each category of bioproduct demands its own type of separation technology.
Range-Doppler radar signal processing with spectral holography

Spectral holographic crystals can record the cross-power spectrum of RF signals modulated onto optical carriers and perform range-Doppler processing of gigahertz radar signals, resolving Doppler shifts up to 100 kilohertz with /spl sim/130 Hertz resolution.
Simulations and computational analyses of prion protein conformations.

Publisher Summary Prions are transmissible pathogens that cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system in humans and animals. In humans, prion diseases have been subdivided into four classes and are referred to as kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), and fatal familial insomnia (FFI). These diseases can be sporadic, inherited, or infectious (or iatrogenic) disorders. They differ from other infectious diseases, in that the pathogen is a proteinaceous particle, termed a “prion,” and the essential component of prions is the scrapie prion protein (PrP Sc ).
Stripe Liquid, Crystal, and Glass Phases of Doped Antiferromagnets

A largely descriptive survey is given of the ordered phases of doped antiferromagnets, and of the long wavelength properties that can be derived from an order-parameter theory. In particular, we show that the competition between the long-range Coulomb repulsion and the strong short-distance tendency of doped holes to coalesce into regions of supressed antiferromagnetism leads to a variety of self-organized charge structures on intermediate length scales, of which “stripes” are the most common, both theoretically and experimentally. These structures lead to a rich assortment of novel electronic phases and crossover phenomena, as indicated in the title. We use the high-temperature superconductors as the experimentally best-studied examples of doped antiferromagnets.
Identifying Assertions in Text and Discourse: The Presentational Relative Clause Construction

In this paper we investigate the Presentational Relative Clause (PRC) construction. In both the linguistic and NLP literature, relative clauses have been considered to contain background information that is not directly relevant or highly useful in semantic analysis. In text summarization in particular, the information contained in the relative clauses is often removed, being viewed as non-central content to the topic or discourse. We discuss the importance of distinguishing the PRC construction from other relative clause types. We show that in the PRC, the relative clause, rather than the main clause, contains the assertion of the utterance. Based on linguistic analysis, we suggest informative features that may be used in automatic extraction of PRC constructions. We believe that identifying this construction will be useful in discriminating central information from peripheral.
Nuclear analysis of the first wall/blanket/shield of the Prometheus inertial fusion energy reactors

The design of the cavity and shielding system of the Prometheus reactors was undertaken by UCLA in conjunction with an IFE conceptual reactor study led by McDonnell Douglas. A wetted wall by a thin lead film was used as part of the first wall system (FWS) designated to protect the cavity against the microexplosions. The FWS is attached to the blanket/reflector/plena (B/R/P) system. For low activation consideration, SiC was used as the structural material and low pressure helium (1.5 MPa) was chosen as the coolant in the Li/sub 2/O B/R/P system. In this paper, the results of the neutronics parametric study that led to the baseline design of the FWS and B/R/P system are given. The attenuation characteristics of two types of shielding materials were studied, namely, reinforced concrete and low-activation Pb/B/sub 4/C composite. The latter was chosen as the bulk and beamlines shield due to its low activation.
Using Telerehabilitation to Support Assistive Technology

Telerehabilitation--the use of telecommunications technology to provide rehabilitation and long-term support to people with disabilities--offers exciting possibilities for the delivery and support of assistive technology services. This article describes the experiences of a specialty hospital serving persons with disabilities in exploring telerehabilitation to support assistive technology use in the home. Four case studies are presented to illustrate how telerehabilitation may be used in relation to seating evaluation, evaluation of home accessibility, setup of computer access systems, and training in use of augmentative communication devices.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Osteoprotegerin Inhibits Vascular Calcification Without Affecting Atherosclerosis in ldlr(−/−) Mice”

We appreciate the analysis put forward by Secchiero and Zauli and agree with their view that in vivo inhibition of vascular calcification by Fc osteoprotegerin (Fc-OPG) is unlikely to be mediated through tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Although we originally acknowledged TRAIL as a possible alternative mediator of …
The power of volunteerism

On July 1, 2002, I completed my 10-year term as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology . What a great privilege it was. I retired from the University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine on February 1, 2003, and in April 2003 was called to be a full-time
Graduate research training supported by the National Institute of Dental Research

A list is given of the training programs funded by the NIDR, along with a description of the grants available and the names and addresses of the program directors.
Spelling-pronunciation integration: Determinant of bimodal recall

A within-S design was used to investigate three parameters of bimodal recall. The three parameters were: similarity to English pronunciation (PSE), similarity to English spelling (SSE), and the congruence of spelling and pronunciation (SPC). Twenty Ss learned 12 CCVCC syllables which had been classified into four types according to their values on the above parameters. Each S simultaneously saw and heard the syllables, and then recalled them in any order by writing and pronouncing each remembered syllable. PSE, SSE, and SPC were all significant variables (p
Parallel Operation of Customer Generation

The paralleling of customer generation with an electric utility requires that the customer and utility communicate and cooperate on the operating and protective relaying problems associated with the interconnection. A utility point of view on the operating and protective relaying problems with emphasis given to protective relaying schemes for the customer-utility interface is presented. The protection requirements and operating limitations of six different interface schemes are discussed.
Free fatty acids and dialyzed serum alterations of fibroblast populated collagen lattice contraction

Fibroblast populated collagen lattices (FPCL) have facilitated the in vitro study of wound contraction and scar contracture. Mixing fibroblasts, serum containing culture medium and soluble collagen, together and then incubating the mixture at 37 degrees C produces a FPCL. The fibroblasts elongate and spread within the collagen matrix, and by forces associated with cell locomotion they reorganize the collagen fibers. The reorganization of the collagen produces a reduction in size of the FPCL, called lattice contraction. It was also found that dialyzed fetal bovine serum did not support lattice contraction. Supplementing dialyzed serum with fatty acids accelerated lattice contraction. The fatty acid composition of the fibroblast plasma membrane influences that membrane fluidity. These studies demonstrated that lattice contraction was enhanced by the additions of saturated fatty acids in the order of laurate (C-12), palmitic (C-16), and stearate (C-18). With unsaturated fatty acids additions, the order of enhanced lattice contraction was arachidonate (4 C = C), linoleate (2 C = C) and oleate (1 C = C). The addition of dialyzed serum with or without fatty acids neither altered ATP-induced cell contraction activity nor cell proliferation. It was concluded that free fatty acid additions do not modulate FPCL contraction by enhancing microfilaments contraction or increasing cell numbers. The mechanism of action was proposed to be by altering cell membrane fluidity. This finding further supports the theory that the mechanism for lattice contraction is cell locomotion, rather than cell contraction.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Epidermal Growth Factor on Calcium-dependent Chloride Secretion

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and carbachol both inhibit calcium-activated chloride secretion by the human colonic epithelial cell line, T84. Although the inhibitory mechanism for the carbachol effect involves the 3,4,5,6-isomer of inositol tetrakisphosphate, the mechanisms responsible for the EGF effect have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we studied the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) in the inhibitory effect of EGF. The PI 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, slightly increased basal chloride secretion and potentiated the secretory response to thapsigargin. Wortmannin also partially reversed EGF-induced, but not carbachol-induced, inhibition of thapsigargin-stimulated chloride secretion. Wortmannin alone had no effect on carbachol- or histamine-induced chloride secretion and completely reversed EGF-induced inhibition of the secretory response to these agonists. EGF, carbachol, histamine, and thapsigargin all increased levels of the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase in antiphosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates. However, only EGF significantly increased levels of the 110-kDa catalytic subunit. Furthermore, only EGF increased PI 3-kinase activity in an in vitro kinase assay. High levels of phosphatidylinositol (3)-monophosphate were present in unstimulated cells and significantly reduced by wortmannin. EGF, but not carbachol, rapidly increased levels of phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Production of these lipids was also sensitive to wortmannin. Our data suggest that EGF activates PI 3-kinase and that its lipid products may mediate the inhibitory effect of EGF on calcium-dependent chloride secretion. Our data also suggest that a phosphatidylinositol-specific 3-kinase activity is present in unstimulated T84 cells and may regulate production of phosphatidylinositol (3)-monophosphate and basal secretory tone.
Quercetagetin 6,7,4′-trimethyl ether and 3-sulphate from Decachaeta haenkeana

Abstract Four 6-methoxylated flavonols, including a new quercetagetin derivative and its 3-potassium sulphate salt, were isolated from the aerial parts of Decachaeta haenkeana .
An ideal observer approach to beamforming

Many signal processing issues in ultrasonic imaging can be viewed as attempts to focus signal energy while preserving the diagnostic information they contain. We have been developing a task-based ideal-observer approach to signal processing with the goal of better understanding the factors that influence the transfer of diagnostic information and improving signal processing algorithms for optimal transfer. We treat the scattering medium as a Gaussian random field with non-uniform variance that encodes the properties necessary for accurate task performance. Using measured pointspread functions for a given system we propagate the scattering statistics through to various stages of the acquisition process along with acquisition noise. In this work we focus on the role of beamforming in this process. We consider the efficiency of information transfer by analyzing the ideal observer acting on individual receive elements and then considering different strategies for preserving diagnostic information in beamformed echo signals. Optimal beamforming strategies suggested by the analysis are approximated by applying spatial filtering techniques to fixedfocus echo data. These results are compared with a standard delay-and-sum beamformer.
Astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) induction by hypoxia and glucose deprivation in glioblastoma.

Glioblastomas continue to carry poor prognoses for patients despite advances in surgical, chemotherapeutic and radiation regimens. One feature of glioblastoma associated with poor prognosis is the degree of hypoxia and expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α expression allows metabolic adaptation to low oxygen availability, partly through upregulation of VEGF and increased tumor angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate an induced level of astrocyte-elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) by hypoxia in glioblastoma cells. AEG-1 has the capacity to promote anchorage-independent growth and cooperates with Ha-ras in malignant transformation. In addition, AEG-1 was recently demonstrated to serve as an oncogene and can induce angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Results from in vitro studies show that hypoxic induction of AEG-1 is dependent on HIF-1α stabilization during hypoxia and that PI3K inhibition abrogates AEG-1 induction during hypoxia through loss of HIF-1α stability. Furthermore, we show that AEG-1 is induced by glucose deprivation and that prevention of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production prevents this induction. Additionally, AEG-1 knockdown results in increased ROS production and increased glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity. On the other hand, AEG-1 overexpression prevents ROS production and decreases glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity, indicating that AEG-1 induction is necessary for cells to survive this type of cell stress. These observations link AEG-1 overexpression in glioblastoma with hypoxia and glucose deprivation and targeting these physiological pathways may lead to therapeutic advances in the treatment of glioblastoma in the future.
Brief meditation training induces smoking reduction

More than 5 million deaths a year are attributable to tobacco smoking, but attempts to help people either quit or reduce their smoking often fail, perhaps in part because the intention to quit activates brain networks related to craving. We recruited participants interested in general stress reduction and randomly assigned them to meditation training or a relaxation training control. Among smokers, 2 wk of meditation training (5 h in total) produced a significant reduction in smoking of 60%; no reduction was found in the relaxation control. Resting-state brain scans showed increased activity for the meditation group in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex, brain areas related to self-control. These results suggest that brief meditation training improves self-control capacity and reduces smoking.
Children's Perceptions of Relationships with Siblings, Friends, and Mothers: Compensatory Processes and Links with Adjustment

Abstract Links between children's psychological adjustment and individual differences in their perceptions of relationships with siblings, mothers, and friends were studied in a sample of 85 second-graders. Results indicated that characteristics of these relationships were significantly correlated with children's loneliness, depressive mood, self-esteem, and behavioral conduct. There were some links among children's perceptions of their relationships with siblings, friends, and mothers. A compensatory model of associations among adjustment and warmth in children's relationships with friends and mothers was supported. Children who reported that their relationships with either mothers, friends, or mothers and friends were characterized by high levels of warmth had significantly better adjustment outcomes than children who reported low levels of warmth in relationships with both friends and mothers. The importance of the network of children's relationships for their mental health is discussed.
The COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam prevents pregnancy when administered as an emergency contraceptive to nonhuman primates

Abstract Objective Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors reduce prostaglandin synthesis and disrupt essential reproductive processes. Ultrasound studies in women demonstrated that oral COX-2 inhibitors can delay or prevent follicle collapse associated with ovulation. The goal of this study was to determine if oral administration of a COX-2 inhibitor can inhibit reproductive function with sufficient efficacy to prevent pregnancy in primates. Study Design The COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam (or vehicle) was administered orally to proven fertile female cynomolgus macaques using one emergency contraceptive model and three monthly contraceptive models. In the emergency contraceptive model, females were bred with a proven fertile male once 2±1 days before ovulation, returned to the females' home cage, and then received 5 days of meloxicam treatment. In the monthly contraceptive models, females were cocaged for breeding with a proven fertile male for a total of 5 days beginning 2±1 days before ovulation. Animals received meloxicam treatment (1) cycle days 5–22, or (2) every day, or (3) each day of the 5-day breeding period. Female were then assessed for pregnancy. Results The pregnancy rate with meloxicam administration using the emergency contraception model was 6.5%, significantly lower than the pregnancy rate of 33.3% when vehicle without meloxicam was administered. Pregnancy rates with the three monthly contraceptive models (75%–100%) were not consistent with preventing pregnancy. Conclusions Oral COX-2 inhibitor administration can prevent pregnancy after a single instance of breeding in primates. While meloxicam may be ineffective for regular contraception, pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 may be an effective method of emergency contraception for women. Implications COX-2 inhibitors can interfere with ovulation, but the contraceptive efficacy of drugs of this class has not been directly tested. This study, conducted in nonhuman primates, is the first to suggest that a COX-2 inhibitor may be effective as an emergency contraceptive.
Tissue engineering and the trauma surgeon

The demands for repair and renewal of worn out or injured human tissue grow year on year it is a demand that cannot be met from live human donors. A partial solution may be found from cadaveric or trans-species transplantation of tissue, but these approaches are steeped in the problems of disease transfer and ethical dilemma. Tissue engineering is a new technology that seeks to meet these increasing demands by utilizing novel cell culture methods in vitro to provide tissue replacements in vivo. This article reviews the current state of tissue engineering and its potential for use in the realms of trauma surgery.
Witnessed Violence and Youth Behavior Problems: A Multi‐Informant Study

Witnessed violence has significant negative consequences for youth behavior and mental health. However, many findings on the impact of witnessed violence have been based on a single informant. There is a general lack of consistency between caregiver and youth reports on both witnessed violence and behavioral problems. This study included data from both caregivers and youth and incorporated a multisource analytic approach to simultaneously examine the association between youth witnessed violence and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Data from 875 caregivers and 812 youth were collected as part of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Findings showed that youth reported more witnessed violence than did their caregivers, and caregivers reported more externalizing and internalizing behavior problems than did youth. Further, the source of information had a significant impact on the association between witnessed violence and internalizing behaviors. These findings highlight the need to incorporate multiple sources and multi-informant analytic techniques to eliminate methodological limitations to understanding the effect of witnessed violence on youth behavioral problems.
Self-determined work motivation predicts job outcomes, but what predicts self-determined work motivation?

Self-determined work motivation predicts important job outcomes, such as job satisfaction [Richer, S. F., Blanchard, C., & Vallerand, R. J. (2002). A motivational model of work turnover. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 2089– 2113], but what predicts self-determined work motivation is less fully understood. We tested general causality orientation—specifically autonomy and control orientation—as a predictor of self-determined work motivation, which in turn was expected to predict job satisfaction and identification commitment as job outcomes. Regression analyses confirmed our hypotheses such that autonomy orientation predicted job outcomes via increased self-determined work motivation. Control orientation predicted self-determined work motivation but did not affect either of the two job outcomes. Findings are discussed with respect to the importance of individual differences in understanding job outcomes. 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of three different water-control structures on the movements and standing stocks of coastal fishes and macrocrustaceans

Water-control structures are used in the coastal zone to enhance species-specific habitat, mainly for waterfowl, and in attempts to control saltwater intrusion and soil erosion. These structures invariably affect the movement of marine transient organisms. We used traps and trawls to evaluate the effects on nekton of a low-elevation weir, a fixed-crest weir, and a slotted weir. Data were collected from 15 February through 30 July in 1983, 1984, and 1986. Species richness and emigration of most species decreased as water control increased. Average weight per emigrating brown shrimpPenaeus aztecus increased with water control, although total biomass decreased. Immigration and emigration of brown shrimp were delayed by water control, and this effect was increased in ponds having greater water control. The number of emigrating brown shrimp was 3.4 times greater (1.8 times greater for biomass) from a pond controlled by a slotted weir than from one controlled by a fixed-crest weir. For brown shrimp, peak movement occurred near new and full moon periods in May and June. Increased openings in water-control structures, particularly at the times of peak movement, could increase movements and production of transient marine species.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potent Quinoline and Pyrroloquinoline Ammosamide Analogues as Inhibitors of Quinone Reductase 2

A variety of ammosamide B analogues have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of quinone reductase 2 (QR2). The potencies of the resulting series of QR2 inhibitors range from 4.1 to 25,200 nM. The data provide insight into the structural parameters necessary for QR2 inhibitory activity. The natural product ammosamide B proved to be a potent QR2 inhibitor, and the potencies of the analogues generally decreased as their structures became more distinct from that of ammosamide B. Methylation of the 8-amino group of ammosamide B was an exception, resulting in an increase in quinone reductase 2 inhibitory activity from an IC50 of 61 nM to IC50 4.1 nM.
Let no space go to waste: comparing the uses of space between two Late Classic centers in the El Paraíso valley, Copan, Honduras

Phosphorus analysis of earthen and plaster floors has been used in Mesoamerica to locate and identify activities at ancient sites. This study uses phosphorus analysis to discern if the inhabitants of two Late Classic coeval and proximal sites located in the El Paraiso Valley of Honduras were different culturally from each other. The buried earthen and plaster surfaces of both sites were systematically sampled and analyzed for phosphorus remains. The patterns of elevated phosphorus from these open spaces were subsequently compared to determine if differences in the habitual use and treatment of open spaces could be discerned. These differences are evaluated as a function of behavioral norms, functional responses, and cultural dispositions in order to evaluate the extent to which these two populations were indeed different from each other.
Ornithine decarboxylase induction and nucleolar RNA synthesis in Friend Leukemia Cells

Abstract The induction of ornithine decarboxylase and the stimulation of nucleolar RNA synthesis following dilution of stationary phase Friend Leukemia Cells into fresh medium were studied. Ornithine decarboxylase activity and the rate of nucleolar RNA synthesis reached maximum values within 4 hours after dilution, with ornithine decarboxylase levels increasing 10–20 fold and nucleolar RNA synthesis increasing by about 60% during this period. 0.5 mM putrescine effectively inhibited the rise in ornithine decarboxylase following cell transfer, but did not prevent increases in the rate of nucleolar RNA synthesis.
Renormalization effects from superheavy Higgs particles

Using a modification of the standard Weinberg-Salam model, we compute renormalization corrections to the W and Z masses proportional to differences in the Higgs-particle mass squared. This contradicts the expectation that superheavy particles should be undetectable in low-energy phenomena.
Decentering the Movement: Collective Action, Place, and the ‘Sedimentation’ of Radical Political Discourses

The alternative political discourses and identities associated with social movements in Latin America are frequently examined at the height of mobilization and visibility of these same movements. In response to growing concern about the limits of such analyses, I propose thinking about the ‘sedimentation’ of social-movement discourses in place. ‘Sedimentation’ refers to the complex processes through which discourses (including ‘identities’, political vocabularies, and practices) deployed in moments of collective organization and protest become translated and socially embedded by a variety of actors, not only over time but through disparate social and political arenas. Social-movement theorists in geography and other disciplines could more fully understand the longer term political and cultural impacts of social movements if they engaged theories of place—particularly in ways that decenter ‘the movement’ as the central category of analysis. An approach that centers on place and sedimentation processes, rat...
Effects of granulation tissue conditioned medium on the in vitro differentiation of keratinocytes

The accumulation of desquamated keratinizing squamous epithelial cells appears to be a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of middle ear cholesteatomas. The accumulation of keratin debris is due to the proliferation and the terminal differentiation of basal keratinocytes. Since cholesteatomas are usually associated with inflammatory reactions in the middle ear cavity, we examined the effects of a granulation tissue conditioned medium on the terminal differentiation of basal keratinocytes in vitro. This conditioned medium stimulated the terminal differentiation of basal keratinocytes by showing: (a) increased incorporation of 3H-leucine into cell envelopes; (b) an increased number of SDS-insoluble cell envelopes; and (c) increased transglutaminase activity (as a marker for terminal cellular differentiation). Our present studies further suggest that inflammatory granulation tissue plays an important role in the clinical growth and development of the cholesteatoma.
VLA observations of mass loss from T Tauri stars

Six of 24 pre-main sequence stars surveyed with the VLA have been found to emit at 4.885 GHz. Radio maps of the six stars, V410 Tau, T Tau, DG Tau, LkH-alpha 101, L1551 IRS5, and Z CMa, show unresolved cores of less than 0.5 arcsec in most cases, along with 1-2 arcsec, faint, extended structures. Mass loss rates, derived under the assumption of uniform spherical winds, range from approximately 3 x 10 to the -7th to about 4 x 10 to the -5th solar masses/year. Because the flows are highly anisotropic, however, these estimates are to be taken only as likely upper limits.
A satellite graphics system for error-prone users

Abstract A system is described which is used at Florida International University in support of an undergraduate course in interactive computer graphics. The equipment configuration consists of an IMLAC PDS-4 with 8K of memory connected to a UNIVAC 1106 via a 1200 baud asynchronous communications line. In addition, a simple unbuffered and unintelligent alphanumeric CRI terminal (a Beehive model II) is connected to another I/O port on the IMLAC PDS-4 via a 1200 baud interface. The GCS system is used on the host 1106 for the students. Because of the numerous errors committed by the beginning students, the problem exists of numerous unexpected program errors, dumps and of the need for debugging information to be presented to the students, all without effecting the graphical display. The graphical data sent from the UNIVAC 1106 is encoded in such a way that the software in the IMLAC PDS-4 can separate out any non-graphical data sent, no matter where it appears in the output stream. The non-graphical output is then displayed on the auxiliary terminal. This allows the students to include debugging output and also to receive and analyze error messages, dumps and the like while maintining the integrity of any graphical output also produced by their programs. This system has proved especially useful for error-prone beginning students, at minimal costs and with no modifications to the EXEC-8 operating system.