cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on Standardization Design Specification for Busbar Protection

Q/GDW 175-2008 standardization design specification for power transformer,high voltage shunt reactor,busbar protection and auxiliary equipments published by State Grid is analyzed in this paper,and the new standardization of busbar protection is also explained.The standardizations analyzed in detail are the judgment criteria of current and protection region for failure protection,the specification of busbar protection when breaker works incorrectly and the combined action of main transformer protection,the reason for the protection design of charging to dead zone protection,the cooperation between charging protection and busbar protection,the action locking criteria of tie switches in busbar protection,and the anti-misoperation criteria of direct action breakers in busbar protection.The analysis is helpful for understanding the standardization design specification for busbar protection and auxiliary devices.
Stimulation of transforming growth factor‐β1 transcription by cyclosporine

Abstract In searching for a candidate mechanism for the immunosuppressive as well as fibrogenic consequences of cyclosporine usage, we have explored the hypothesis that cyclosporine stimulates transcription of transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF- β 1 ), a multifunctional cytokine endowed with immunosuppressive and fibrogenic properties. Our results demonstrate that cyclosporine (i) stimulates TGF- β 1 promoter-dependent transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene in transiently transfected human A-549 cells, (ii) stimulates the synthesis of TGF- β 1 RNA transcripts in human T cells, and (iii) permits the expression/emergence of DNA regulatory proteins (retinoblastoma control factor-1 (RCF-1) and RCF-2) that bind and regulate TGF- β 1 promoter activity. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that cyclosporine stimulates TGF- β 1 gene transcription and suggest a novel mechanism of action of cyclosporine.
Generations at Work: Don't Throw the Baby Out With the Bathwater

Costanza and Finkelstein (2015) are correct to highlight the dangers of using generationally based stereotypes in organizations. Although popular, these stereotypes are related to a stigmatization based on group membership that can be pernicious and discriminatory. Costanza and Finkelstein are also correct in their assessment of the state of the literature on generational effects: theory and research is woefully lacking. Indeed, a recent review of research on generations at work characterized this research as descriptive and neither theoretical nor empirical (Lyons & Kuron, 2014). Yet, as pointed out by Costanza and Finkelstein, the idea of a generational identity is salient and even appealing to many people. Why would this be if it were completely devoid of psychological import? People seem to resonate with the idea that, to some extent at least, they are a product of their generation.
Feature Level Sensor Fusion for Improved Fault Detection in MCM Systems for Ocean Turbines

This paper investigates feature level fusion for enhancing fault detection from vibration signals in an ocean turbine. Changes in vibration signatures from such rotating machinery typically indicate the presence of a problem such as a shift in its orientation or mechanical impact from its environment. We applied feature level fusion to vibration data acquired from two accelerometers attached to a box fan, and then assessed the abilities of twelve well known machine learners to detect changes in state from the raw accelerometer data and from the fused data. Analysis of the performance of these classifiers showed an overall performance improvement in all twelve classifiers in detecting the state of the fan from the fused data versus from the data from the two individual sensor channels.
The Protosemantics of Complex Claims

In the preceding chapter, I sketched the protosemantics of basic claims — simple indicative declarative non-modal sentences in which all designators were proper names. I envisaged a representation of the world laid out in such claims — the Basic World Story — which was ideally complete. Each natural object was specifically protocorrelated with a natural linguistic object (designator-inscription) and non-linguistic objects of various kinds or characteristics were genetically protocorrelated with designators-inscriptions of various kinds or characteristics in such a way that the resulting systems were extensionally isomorphic. It will be useful to look at this as the world story of an omniscient Author. Its most striking fictional posit is that every object is named, one name for each object. Whether it even makes sense to think of such a picture, given my earlier fusion of language with theory-writ-large, is one of the primary problems of this chapter. But before engaging this question, it will be useful to develop a view of truth-functions and, in the process, correct several oversimplifications and distortions.
Lasting impact of general anaesthesia on the brain: mechanisms and relevance.

Some epidemiological studies suggest associations between general anaesthesia and long-term cognitive dysfunction in children and the elderly, although these remain to be proven. Here, Vutskits and Xie review the evidence for general anaesthetic-induced cognitive impairment in young and old rodents and non-human primates, and the potential underlying mechanisms.
Diffusing Colloidal Probes of kT-Scale Biomaterial-Cell Interactions.

In the optimization of applied biomaterials, measurements of their interactions with cell surfaces are important to understand their influence on specific and nonspecific cell surface adhesion, internalization pathways, and toxicity. In this study, a novel approach using dark field video microscopy with combined real-time particle and cell tracking allows the trajectories of biomaterial-coated colloids to be monitored in relation to their distance from cell perimeters. Dynamic and statistical mechanical analyses enable direct measurement of colloid–cell surface association lifetimes and interaction potentials mediated by biomaterials. Our analyses of colloidal transport showed polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) lead to net repulsive interactions with cell surfaces, while dextran and hyaluronic acid (HA) lead to reversible and irreversible association to the cell surface, respectively. Our results demonstrate how diffusing colloidal probes can be used for nonobtrusive, sensitive measu...
Thrombin-Cleaved Osteopontin Is Regulated by Thrombin-Activatable Carboxypeptidase B in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

The pro-inflammatory cytokine osteopontin (OPN) is present in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluids (SF). OPN can be cleaved by thrombin exposing the cryptic C-terminal α4β1/α9β1 integrin-binding motif (SVVYGLR). We have previously shown that thrombin-activated proCPB (CPB) can remove the C-terminal arginine from the SVVYGLR motif abrogating its α4β1 binding. Using peptides based on the C-terminus of thrombin-cleaved OPN (OPN-R) and thrombin/CPB-cleaved OPN (OPN-L), rabbit anti-OPN-R and anti-OPN-L antibodies were generated. Specificity of these antibodies was demonstrated by western blot analysis. Specific ELISAs for OPN-R and OPN-L showed significant elevation of OPN-R and OPN-L levels in SF from patients with RA (n=26) as compared to osteoarthritis (OA, n=18) and psoriatic arthritis (PA, n=10). (OPN-R median values: 138.6 ng/mL (RA), 10.6 ng/mL (OA), and 2.2 ng/mL (PA) p <0.001; OPN-L median values 205.3 ng/mL (RA), 25.9 ng/mL (OA), and undetectable in PA p <0.003). Multiplex cytokine analysis showed that elevated OPN-R and OPN-L levels in RA were significantly correlated with multiple inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-12p40 and FGF-2, while OPN-FL levels only exhibited a statistical correlation with IL-6. Synovial lining cells expressed functional TM that supported the activation of proCPB to CPB by thrombin. ProCPB activation by thrombin, which may occur either systemically or locally within the inflamed joint space, inactivates thrombin-cleaved OPN and C5a and represents a homeostatic response in modulating the inflammatory process in RA.
Atmospheric Dynamics: Fundamentals

The equation of state for dry air (ideal gas law) is given by $$ p\alpha = RT{\kern 1pt} or{\kern 1pt} p = pRT $$ (1) where p, T, ρ, α, and R (= 287 Jkg-1K-1) denote pressure, temperature, density, specific volume, and the gas constant for dry air, respectively.
Anna-3 associated stiff-person-syndrome

Steven R. Zeiler, Joseph Dedrick Jordan, Benjamin M. Greenberg, Peter W. Kaplan The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Neurology, Pathology 627C 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 University of North Carolina, 919.966.5547 UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9003 The Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21224
EFFECT OF SELECTED CHEMICALS ON NON-SUBERIZED IMPERVIOUS TISSUE (NIT) FORMATION IN FRASER FIR

During the summer of 1983 and 1984, Fraser fir trees at three locations in the southern Appalachians were wounded and treated with napthalene acetic acid (NAA), pectinase and todomatuic acid. The latter two chemicals and an auxin-like compound similar to NAA are associated with balsam woolly adelgid infestations. None of the chemical treatments delayed formation of non-suberized impervious tissue (NIT) at the wound sites. In most cases, NIT formed within 21 - 27 days after wounding, even when not treated.
The Origins of Modern Axiomatics: Pasch to Peano

(1972). The Origins of Modern Axiomatics: Pasch to Peano. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 2, pp. 133-136.
An accurate bacterial DNA quantification assay for HTS library preparation of human biological samples

Sequencing and classification of microbial taxa within forensically relevant biological fluids has the potential for applications in the forensic science and biomedical fields. The quantity of bacterial DNA from human samples is currently estimated based on quantity of total DNA isolated. This method can miscalculate bacterial DNA quantity due to the mixed nature of the sample, and consequently library preparation is often unreliable. We developed an assay that can accurately and specifically quantify bacterial DNA within a mixed sample for reliable 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) library preparation and high throughput sequencing (HTS). A qPCR method was optimized using universal 16S rDNA primers, and a commercially available bacterial community DNA standard was used to develop a precise standard curve. Following qPCR optimization, 16S rDNA libraries from saliva, vaginal and menstrual secretions, urine, and fecal matter were amplified and evaluated at various DNA concentrations; successful HTS data were generated with as low as 20 pg of bacterial DNA. Changes in bacterial DNA quantity did not impact observed relative abundances of major bacterial taxa, but relative abundance changes of minor taxa were observed. Accurate quantification of microbial DNA resulted in consistent, successful library preparations for HTS analysis.
Environmental Design Evaluation: Epilogue

Several pieces of the jigsaw puzzle of environmental design evaluation have now been presented; this chapter will fill in the remaining pieces. First, the direction of the field will be charted, both generally and by the use of specific cases. Second, following the conclusion that better methodology is needed, several broad issues will be presented, including both general issues of validity and summaries of techniques. However, these techniques involve some important ethical dangers; these are outlined in the fourth section. Finally, the structure-process approach will be summarized in the last section.
Identification of opioid receptors in the immune system using a novel combination of selective opioid ligands and indirect phycoerythrin immunofluorescence.

Although there is substantial evidence for direct, in vitro opioid effects on the immune system, radioligand binding studies have not definitively described brain opioid receptors on these cells (1). It is possible that the density of receptors required for immunomodulation is too low to detect with radioligands, or that only a small percentage of cells may express opioid receptors in heterogeneous leukocyte populations. In addition, the level of receptor expression in leukocytes may depend on the developmental stage or the activation state of the cells. The use of fluorescent opioid ligands would allow visualization of opioid receptors by microscopy, analysis of cell subpopulations for opioid receptor expression, or separation of cells expressing opioid receptors by flow cytometry. Several groups have synthesized fluorescent opioid probes, using fluorophores such as 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonic acid (dansyl) (2, 3), rhodamine (4, 5), fluorescein (5), pyrene (6), and nitrobenzodiazole (7). Although these compounds showed high affinity and biological activity at opioid receptors, the peak emission wavelengths of some may overlap with autofluorescence (3). In addition, irradiation at wavelengths near the excitation peak for dansyl compounds can greatly reduce opioid receptor affinity by irreversibly altering the structures of opioid receptors and ligands (8). The longer excitation and emission wavelengths of the rhodamine-and fluorescein-labeled opioid probes (4, 5) avoid the problems of irradiation-induced receptor alteration and tissue autofluo-rescence, but specific histological labeling of opioid receptors with these fluorescent ligands has not been demonstrated.
TRACE METAL-SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN ESTUARIES : POLLUTION ASSESSMENT

The concentrations of trace metals vary widely in estuaries worldwide, owing to fluxes of metals from natural sources, pulsed anthropogenic inputs, changes in the extent of weathering, erosion, and runoff, complex biogeochemical processes, and a range of bioaccumulation effects that often differ markedly within these coastal ecotones. Because of large natural inputs of trace metals from the weathering and erosion of rocks, soils, and ore-bearing deposits as well as from volcanic activity and atmospheric fallout, it is difficult to assess the effects of elemental inputs from specific human activities. Historically, trace metal pollution increased most markedly in the United States between 1940 and 1970, largely because of human population development in the coastal zone and rapid industrial growth (Kennish 1992, 1994, 1997; Valette-Silver 1993).
Aspects of Laminar Breakdown in Boundary-Layer Transition

Numerical simulations of boundary-layer transition demonstrate that even mild frequency de-tuning leads to weakened inflections in the streamwise velocity profiles. Additional numerical simulations demonstrate that resonant triad effects in K-type transition exert a quantitative but not a qualitative effect upon the transition process.
The Morphology of the Bovid Calcaneus: Function, Phylogenetic Signal, and Allometric Scaling

Despite its clear functional role in hock (ankle) plantarflexion, the bovid calcaneus has been understudied with respect to the functional constraints imposed by locomotion in differing habitats, the allometric influence of inter-specific body size differences, and phylogenetic signal. This study uses a comparative sample of extant bovid species to shed light on the evolution of bovid calcaneal morphology. I measured eight linear measurements on 204 calcaneus specimens representing 41 extant bovid species. Using a morphological body size proxy validated against published species-mean body mass estimates, I performed Ordinary Least Squares regression to examine the allometric relationships of each measurement with body size. I classified each bovid species to a preferred habitat type based on published literature, and performed Phylogenetic Generalized Least Squares (PGLS) to test for differences in morphology between bovid taxa with different preferred habitats while considering evolutionary relatedness. I visualized morphological differences between taxa using Principal Components Analysis plotted in a phylomorphospace. Results demonstrate that several measurements of the bovid calcaneus have an allometric relationship to body size. The functional length of the calcaneus scales with negative allometry, which likely maintains a comparable safety factor within the calcaneal tuber at larger body sizes. While open-habitat bovids have relatively shorter calcaneal tubers, this difference is not significant when controlling for the influence of body size and phylogenetic signal using PGLS. Among bovid tribes that have a deep evolutionary history of adaptation to open habitats, Antilopini have relatively longer calcaneal tubers than Alcelaphini or Hippotragini, which may reflect the unique importance of stotting behavior in predator avoidance among antelopins. Overall, the morphology of the bovid calcaneus has been shaped by a complex interaction of phylogenetic and body-size constraints as well as adaptation to modes of predator avoidance mediated by preferred habitat.
Manipulation of photonic quantum states: from generation, engineering, and characterization to storage and retrieval

We present our work on various critical aspects of manipulation of photonic quantum states, including the generation of entangled states, engineering of the spectral correlations of photon-pairs, characterization of quantum states and ultra-broadband storage.
Optical analysis of flame inception and propagation in a lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition engine with a bowl-in-piston geometry:

Heavy-duty diesel engines can convert to lean-burn natural-gas spark-ignition operation through the addition of a gas injector in the intake manifold and of a spark plug in place of the diesel inje...
The Development of the Liberal Tradition, Part 2

In the previous section, we attempted to show in what sense the transition from the traditional order of the Middle Ages to the modern world was a revolutionary one, both within Western Europe and on the world stage itself. Within Western Europe, the initial disintegrative effect of the transitional process was seen most clearly in what Frederick Watkins has called the “crisis of secularization.”1 This prolonged period of religious strife, which reached its height in the Thirty Years’ War in Germany, was in good part the consequence of the decay of the religious unity of the Middle Ages. It was largely in reaction to the widespread disintegration which accompanied the revolutionary collapse of the traditional society that modern absolutism was born.
End user software engineering: CHI: 2009 special interest group meeting

End users create software whenever they write, for instance, educational simulations, spreadsheets, or dynamic e-business web applications. Researchers are working to bring the benefits of rigorous software engineering methodologies to these end users to try to make their software more reliable. Unfortunately, errors are pervasive in end-user software, and the resulting impact is sometimes enormous. This special interest group meeting will bring together the community of researchers who are addressing this topic with the companies that are creating and using end-user programming tools.
Hydrodynamics of forward blood spattering caused by a bullet of general shape

A generalized model for the chaotic disintegration of a liquid due to an arbitrarily shaped projectile is proposed. In particular, the model uses percolation theory to predict the fragmentation process of blood, resulting in forward spatter to determine the number of droplets, as well as their sizes and initial velocities resulting from the flow field generated by a 7.62 × 39 mm and a 0.45 auto bullet. Blood viscoelasticity, which slows down the initial velocities of the droplets, is accounted for. The main physical mechanisms responsible for the chaotic disintegration of blood in the case of forward spattering are (i) the Rayleigh-Taylor instability associated with denser blood accelerating toward lighter air and (ii) a cascade of instability phenomena triggered by the original Rayleigh-Taylor instability because the Reynolds number is of the order of 107. Blood is viscoelastic, therefore, its disintegration into individual droplets results in ligament formation with strong uniaxial elongation, which is characterized by the extremely high values of the Deborah number leading to an almost purely elastic behavior and brittlelike fracture. The blood droplet spray then propagates in air, and deposition on the floor is calculated accounting for gravity and air drag forces, with the latter being diminished by the collective effect related to the droplet-droplet interaction. Also, the experimental data acquired in this work are presented and compared with the theoretical predictions. The agreement between the predictions and the data is satisfactory. The present fluid mechanical model holds great promise for forensic applications.
BITTEN FINGERS AND BROKEN HEARTS

Acute stress cardiomyopathy (ASC), also known as broken heart syndrome, has become increasingly recognized among patients presenting with suspected acute coronary syndrome since it was first described in Japan in 1990. The classic presentation is most common in older females following emotional or
Modeling motional energy spectra and lattice light shifts in optical lattice clocks

A nonperturbative model to describe the motional energy spectra of atoms trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice is developed. The model is then applied to characterize lattice light shifts in strontium and ytterbium optical lattice clocks.
The association between surgical site infections and gestational weight gain in obese women.

To examine an association between gestational weight gain (GWG), defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines, and surgical site infections in obese women. This was a retrospective study of all obese women with singleton pregnancies undergoing cesarean delivery at ≥ 23 weeks’ gestation between January 2012 and June 2018. Women were categorized according to GWG: below, within, and above the IOM guidelines. Our primary outcome was a composite of surgical site infections. Coarsened Exact Matching with k-to-k solution was performed using predefined variables. Of 2376 obese women, 429 (18.1%), 449 (18.9%), and 1498 (63.0%) had GWG below, within, and above the IOM guidelines, respectively. After matching, there was no difference in a rate of the primary outcome between women with GWG below the IOM guidelines and those with GWG within the IOM guidelines (6.7% [20/300] vs 4.3% [13/300]; P = .21). Similarly, there was no difference in the rate of the primary outcome between women with GWG above the IOM guidelines and those with GWG within the IOM guidelines (5.7% [24/421] vs 5.2% [22/421]; P = .76). Among obese women, GWG was not associated with surgical site infections.
Acute kidney injury after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraoperative cisplatin chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma

Abstract Objectives Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin has been used successfully to treat malignant pleural mesothelioma, a highly aggressive malignancy that is rapidly fatal in most cases. We hypothesized that the combination of ischemic injury with nephrotoxic injury from cisplatin would result in high rates of acute kidney injury. Methods We conducted an observational study in 503 patients to study the risks and outcomes of acute kidney injury after surgical resection of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eligible subjects underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication with or without hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in creatinine of 26.5 μmol/L or greater within 48 hours of surgery or a 50% or greater increase over 7 days. Results Acute kidney injury developed in 243 patients (48.3%). Severe acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy developed in 16 patients (3.2%). Major significant predictors for acute kidney injury included male sex (odds ratio, 2.98; P Conclusions Acute kidney injury is common after cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin and is associated with poor long-term outcomes. Strategies to prevent postoperative acute kidney injury are needed to improve multimodal treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of theRole of P in Moderating Ethane Dehydrogenation Performance over Ni-BasedCatalysts

We investigated the influence of P incorporation into a Ni catalyst on ethane dehydrogenation (EDH). Density functional theory calculations on model Ni(111) and Ni2P(001) surfaces reveal that surfa...
Strategies used by transmasculine and non-binary adults assigned female at birth to resist transgender stigma in healthcare

Background: Transgender stigma is rampant within healthcare systems in the United States. Transgender adults assigned female at birth – including those identifying as transmasculine or non-binary –...
Response and Survival Outcomes to Ibrutinib Monotherapy for Patients With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia on and off Clinical Trials.

Ibrutinib is the first approved therapy for symptomatic patients with Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). The approval was based on a single, multicenter, phase II trial in previously treated WM patients. We sought to evaluate whether there were differences in clinical characteristics, response, and survival outcomes to ibrutinib monotherapy between WM patients treated on and off clinical trials. Treatment naive and previously treated patients who received ibrutinib monotherapy at our institution and participated in two prospective studies (ON trial; n = 72) or a prospective database (OFF trial; n = 157) were included. The median times from WM diagnosis to ibrutinib initiation were 3.1 and 3.5 years for ON and OFF trial patients, respectively (p = 0.38). Similar rates of categorical response at 6, 12, and 24 months and at best response were also observed between ON trial and OFF trial patients. The 4-year PFS and OS rates for ON trial and OFF trial patients were 72% and 63%, respectively (log-rank p = 0.14) and 83% and 81%, respectively (log-rank p = 0.14). CXCR4 mutations impacted response and survival outcomes to ibrutinib monotherapy. The 4-year rates of ibrutinib discontinuation in ON and OFF trial patients were 36% and 44%, respectively (p = 0.11). Ibrutinib is effective in the routine clinical care of both treatment-naive and previously treated WM patients. The findings of our study validate the efficacy of ibrutinib monotherapy reported in multiple phase II clinical trials.
A Bipedicled Flap for Closure of the Anterolateral Thigh Flap Donor Site.

Anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flaps have become reliable options for head-to-toe reconstruction. Although perforator anatomy is fairly predictable, in cases of eccentric perforator location, we proposed shifting the entire flap laterally and preserving a medial bipedicled flap between the original incision and the new medial flap margin. This facilitates primary donor site closure instead of harvesting a flap larger than anticipated. We conducted a retrospective chart review of ALT flaps performed between 2007 and 2019 and identified patients who underwent bipedicled closure of the donor site. Demographics, flap characteristics, and surgical technique were evaluated. Six patients had bipedicled donor site closure related to primary perforators located lateral to the original flap design. The mean defect size was 91 cm2, and bipedicled flap width ranged from 4 to 6 cm. All donor sites were closed primarily. Five of the donor thigh sites healed without complications, and 1 patient had superficial delayed healing of the medial bipedicled incision, which healed with local wound care. The ALT has become an invaluable flap in microsurgical reconstruction, yet it is not without limitations. Primary donor site closure is generally not feasible for larger flaps, thus necessitating skin grafting of the donor site and/or prolonged wound care. Our technique facilitates primary closure of the donor site in patients who otherwise would have required harvest of a larger than necessary flap based on eccentric perforator anatomy. The medial bipedicled flap is straightforward, reproducible, and allows for modifications of the original flap design to better fit the defect.
Ionization, Magneto-rotational, and Gravitational Instabilities in Thin Accretion Disks Around Supermassive Black Holes

We consider the combined role of the thermal ionization, magneto-rotational and gravitational instabilities in thin accretion disks around supermassive black holes. We find that in the portions of the disk unstable to the ionization instability, the gas remains well coupled to the magnetic field even on the cold, neutral branch of the thermal limit cycle. This suggests that the ionization instability is not a significant source of large amplitude time-dependent accretion in AGN. We also argue that, for accretion rates greater than 10^{-2} solar masses per year, the gravitationally unstable and magneto-rotationally unstable regions of the accretion disk overlap; for lower accretion rates they may not. Some low-luminosity AGN, e.g. NGC 4258, may thus be in a transient phase in which mass is building up in a non-accreting gravitationally and magneto-rotationally stable ``dead zone.'' We comment on possible implications of these findings.
P-curving A More Comprehensive Body of Research on Postural Feedback Reveals Clear Evidential Value For 'Power Posing' Effects: Reply to Simmons and Simonsohn

We conducted a series of p-curve analyses, following Simonsohn et al.’s rules of p-curving and using a systematically selected, comprehensive and updated set of published studies of “power posing” (i.e., postural feedback), comprising 55 studies (vs. 34 studies), which yield starkly different results and conclusions from those of Simmons and Simonsohn (S&S): (1) evidential value for postural feedback across aggregated effects; (2) evidential value for a clearly specified single effect – feelings of power – which was omitted from the p-curve analyses presented by SS and (3) remarkably strong evidential value for a well-defined, theoretically-important category of effects from the same set of studies identified in our systematic review - all measures of “feelings,” including emotions, affect, mood, and evaluations, attitudes, and feelings about the self. This third p-curving analysis of the set of emotions-related effects, which include methods and variables that are more resilient to demand characteristics, either because responses were implicit or otherwise difficult for participants to control, responses were embedded in a broader survey instrument, or, as demonstrated in recent research on demand effects in survey research, participants likely varied in their orientation such that some would have wanted to confirm the hypothesis, some to disconfirm it, and others would have been indifferent, also demonstrate that power posing effects are not merely demand effects. How did two groups of researchers reach such divergent findings and conclusions about the same area of research? Our analyses reveal two of the practices that contributed: (1) sample selection decisions that may lead to an incomplete or non-representative set of studies and/or effects for inclusion in the analysis; and (2) undifferentiated aggregation of disparate effects (i.e., the apples-and-oranges problem).
Acute Pain Management in Patients with Opioid Dependence

With an increasing number of patients receiving medication assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD), providers will continue to encounter a growing population of patients who take chronic methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone. It is important for providers to understand the unique pharmacology of these medications and the relevant clinical considerations when patients taking these medications undergo surgery or have an acutely painful condition. When caring for patients who take buprenorphine or methadone, it is important for providers to administer an opioid to cover baseline physiologic requirements in order to prevent withdrawal. Additional analgesics will then likely be required. When caring for patients taking naltrexone, providers must be aware that once the drug has been eliminated, these patients will likely be more sensitive to the effects of opioids and not less. While multimodal analgesia should always be considered, its importance in this context cannot be overestimated.
Phylogenetic reconciliation reveals extensive ancestral recombination in Sarbecoviruses and the SARS-CoV-2 lineage

An accurate understanding of the evolutionary history of rapidly-evolving viruses like SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is crucial to tracking and preventing the spread of emerging pathogens. However, viruses undergo frequent recombination, which makes it difficult to trace their evolutionary history using traditional phylogenetic methods. Here, we present a phylogenetic workflow, virDTL, for analyzing viral evolution in the presence of recombination. Our approach leverages reconciliation methods developed for inferring horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes, and, compared to existing tools, is uniquely able to identify ancestral recombinations while accounting for several sources of inference uncertainty, including in the construction of a strain tree, estimation and rooting of gene family trees, and reconciliation itself. We apply this workflow to the Sarbecovirus subgenus and demonstrate how a principled analysis of predicted recombination gives insight into the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to providing confirming evidence for the horseshoe bat as its zoonotic origin, we identify several ancestral recombination events that merit further study.
The Context of Schooling for Early Learners of Spanish in the United States

Not unlike in many countries around the world, language learning policies in the United States (US) for early language learners is a complex process that is sociopolitically and historically situated. Although the US is a linguistically diverse country with no official national language, more than 30 states have declared English its official language, while none has declared Spanish official, despite its extensive use and social, economic, and political influence in the country. This chapter focuses on Spanish early language learning policies and practices in the US with children from prekindergarten through grade 2, or between the ages of 3 and 7. Because of the decentralized nature of language policies in the US and the power of each state to set policies, we focus on the state of Florida to illustrate one example of language-in-education policies related to curriculum resources, methodology, and personnel. We note the intersection of these areas for early learners of Spanish. We conclude that the rich linguistic resources of Spanish in the US have systematically been weakened as a result of monolingual policies and political pressures that fail to support native Spanish speakers, while simultaneously building modest levels of Spanish proficiency among nonnative early learners of Spanish.
Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping: Findings from a statewide sample of Florida youth

A wealth of research links exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with negative outcomes including nicotine and marijuana use. In addition, an emerging line of research has documented associations between exposure to ACEs and vaping activity in American adults and international samples of adolescents. Very limited research, however, has explored whether a history of ACEs is linked with adolescent nicotine and marijuana vaping activity in an American sample. This study addresses this gap in the literature by employing multinomial logistic regression to examine whether cumulative exposure to ACEs is associated with adolescent nicotine vaping, dual mode use of nicotine, marijuana vaping, and dual mode use of marijuana in a sample of Florida high school students. Our findings reveal that greater cumulative exposure to ACEs (up to 5 ACEs) in adolescents leads to an increase in the likelihood of vaping nicotine and marijuana. In addition, greater cumulative exposure to ACEs (up to 6 ACEs) leads to an increase in the likelihood of using nicotine and marijuana through multiple delivery modes.
Using Stakeholder Engagement and Visualization to Aid Decision-Making About Water Use in The Middle East

Making decisions about water allocation in arid environments is inherently contentious.The uncertainty of climate change and projections of a warmer and drier future for arid regions raises the stakes further.When mixed with politically-charged questions about sovereignty, the locations of international borders, agricultural production and population growth, as is the case in the Middle East, these issues can become explosive.In this paper we explore whether methods developed for resolving questions related to how water is distributed in central Arizona, USA, can be applied to situations involving Israel and its neighbors.We describe a suite of approaches that includes a system dynamic program for exploring alternative future scenarios, along with highresolution, three-dimensional representations of aquifer geometry, and decision-support tools like immersive visualization and secret voting on policy choices.Used collectively, this framework could strengthen the existing dialogue that has taken place over the past 2 decades among Israeli, Palestinian and Jordanian water managers and help reduce long-term water conflicts.
Isotope Dilution Spark Source Mass Spectrometric Determination of Sulfur in Selected NBS Iron-Base Alloys

A procedure has been developed at the National Bureau of Standards utilizing isotope dilution spark source mass spectrometry (ID-SSMS) for the determination of sulfur in iron-base alloys. With this technique a known amount of highly enriched sulfur-34 ( 3 4 S) isotope (spike) is added to the sample, and, after physical and chemical equilibration between the spike sulfur and the natural sulfur in the sample, the equilibrated sulfur is isolated by reduction to hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and precipitation as silver sulfide (Ag 2 S). The altered isotopic ratio of the sulfur ( 3 2 S/ 3 4 S) is then measured with the spark source mass spectrometer. The sulfur concentrations are calculated from the sample weight, spike weight, measured altered isotope ratio, and known isotopic abundance of 3 4 S and 3 2 S in both the natural and spike sulfur. The key step in obtaining a quantitative sulfur analysis is the dissolution of the sulfur-containing iron samples in a sealed tube. This dissolution procedure enables the sample sulfur and the spike sulfur to equilibrate completely without any possibility of loss of either species by volatilization.
Biogeography of the nearshore rocky‐reef fishes at the southern and Baja California islands

Aim To examine the uniqueness and relationship of islands in the San Diegan Province using reef fishes.
Dam Projects and the Growth of American Archaeology: The River Basin Surveys and the Interagency Archeological Salvage Program

Dam Projects and the Growth of American Archaeology: The River Basin Surveys and the Interagency Archeological Salvage Program Kimball M. Banks and Jon S. Czaplicki (editors) 2014. Left Coast Press...
Alcohol‐Related Disorders

Problem drinking has been defined in a number of ways throughout history; current definitions focus on exceeding what are considered to be healthy levels of alcohol consumption and meeting criteria for an alcohol use disorder (AUD), where alcohol causes impairment in functioning. AUDs are a prevalent problem in the United States, with one study finding 8–9% of adults to meet criteria for a recent (past 12 month) AUD. This entry reviews the individual and environmental risk factors for AUDs, their course, theories on their development, the effects, and their treatment. Keywords: addiction; alcoholism; assessment; substance abuse; therapy
Patient reported outcomes measures in neurogenic bladder and bowel: A systematic review of the current literature.

Aim To describe existing bladder and bowel specific quality of life (QoL) measurement tools, QoL in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinson's Disease (PD), stroke, or spina bifida (SB) affected by bladder or bowel dysfunction, and the impact of specific bladder and bowel management on QoL. Methods We performed a systematic review in PubMed/Medline databases in accordance with the PRISMA statement for English publications between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2014. Articles were first screened based on their abstract and select full-text articles were then reviewed for eligibility. Articles with no QoL or PROM assessing urinary or bowel dysfunction were excluded. Risk of bias assessment included randomization, incomplete outcomes data, selective outcomes reporting, and other biases. All articles were graded using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system as per the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results The most common QoL measurement tool for urinary and bowel dysfunction was the Medical Outcomes Study SF-36. Twelve (24%) studies used only non-validated QoL questionnaires. Only three urinary or bowel specific QoL measures were found: the Qualiveen questionnaire, the FICQoL, and the QoL-BM. Several studies identified instances were clinical and patient-reported outcomes were inconsistent particularly with indwelling urinary catheter usage and reconstructive surgery. Additionally, certain clinical outcomes surrogates commonly used as primary outcomes measures may not correlate with the patient reported outcomes (PRO). Conclusions Current PRO measures (PROM) and QoL assessments are heterogeneous and several inconsistencies in clinical and PRO for various management options exist. Standardized PROM will help identify optimal bladder and bowel management for patients with neurologic conditions. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:8–14, 2016. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Diachasmimorpha tryoni on two non-target flowerhead-feedingtephritids

Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the possible effect of a deliberately introduced fruit fly parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha tryoni, on 2 non-target flowerhead-feeding tephritid flies,Trupanea dubautiae and Ensina sonchi. The former is an nativecomposite endemic Hawaiian tephritid which feeds on flowerheads of the native composite shrub, Dubautia raillar dioides; the latter is an inadvertently introduced tephritid infesting flowerheads of the exotic weed, Sonchus oleraceus. Gravid females of D. tryoniwere confined in test cages with field-collected D.raillardioides and S. oleraceus flowerheads infested with late instars of T. dubautiae and E. sonchi,respectively. D. tryoni showed low levels of visiting and probing responses to D. raillardioides flowerheads and relatively higher responses to S. oleraceus flower heads in both the presence and absence of the parasitoid's normal host, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. With 72-h exposure to D. tryoni, 13.9 and 2.6% of T. dubautiaewere attacked by test parasitoids in the absence and presence of C.capitata in the test cage, respectively; while 56.8 and34.2% of E. sonchi were attacked. In contrast, 94.0 and84.0% of C. capitata larvae presented in screened disheswith diet in test cages were attacked by D. tryoni in testswith T. dubautiae and E. sonchi, respectively. Attackof D. tryoni on flowerhead-feeding T. dubautiae andE. sonchi resulted in significant reduction in the emergence ofadult flies, especially in the absence of the parasitoid's normal host.While 8.8–12.8 adult D. tryoni per test (both males andfemales) successfully emerged from medflies, no adult D. tryoniprogeny emerged from T. dubautiae, and only 3 deformed males ofD. tryoni (much smaller than the normal wasp) emerged fromE. sonchi. The relevance of these findings to the safety offuture biological control programs against tephritid pests is discussed.
Planetary science: Sink holes and dust jets on comet 67P.

Analyses of images taken by the Rosetta spacecraft reveal the complex landscape of a comet in rich detail. Close-up views of the surface indicate that some dust jets are being emitted from active pits undergoing sublimation. See Letter p.63 Using data from the OSIRIS camera onboard ESA's Rosetta probe, Jean-Baptiste Vincent et al. have been able to examine cometary pits — a surface feature detected on many cometary nuclei — with unprecedented spatial resolution and with varying viewing geometries. The pits on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko are shown to be active and probably created by a sinkhole process. The authors propose that after formation, the pits expand slowly in diameter with sublimation-driven retreat of the walls. The size and spatial distribution of pits implies large heterogeneities in physical, structural or compositional properties of the first few hundred metres below the current surface.
Voices from the Front Lines: Exemplary Science Teachers on Education Reform.

The purpose of this study is to gain insight into the experiences that nationally award-winning, exemplary science teachers have had over their career and examine the alignment of their responses with calls for K-12 science education reform from a selection of prominent commissioned government reports since 1980. From an assessment of the alignment of exemplary teachers, calls for reform have had a limited effect and highlight the weakness of using national reports as a wide-scale, nationalized approach to science education reform. Findings are focused on seven different areas of teacher development: classroom issues, teaching scientific inquiry, use of technology, preservice experiences, professional development of in-service teachers, vertical articulation, and science education reform over time. Among other issues, the teachers indicated one of the biggest barriers to inquiry teaching is the pressure to conform to high-stakes testing and the lack of examples of inquiry teaching during teacher education experiences.
Is adaptation sustainable

Purpose – Though production rates for construction materials are generally available, potential capacity on a global scale is poorly understood. Commencement of infrastructure projects to address climate change, such as dikes and levees, could increase demand making critical resources scarce. Since increasing production capacity of scarce products can be a challenge, understanding current potential capacity is an imperative. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new method to assess capacity and to create one such global estimate for cement.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed global hybrid method creates a global estimate of cement production capacity in four steps: collect capacity and production data from existing reports; select top regional capacity holders; compute regional utilisation; back‐calculate capacity from production.Findings – The method overcomes shortfalls of other methods, but – like all estimating methods – is inherently limited by the amount of data available. It nonetheless...
New Ceres Results

During 1999 the CERES experiment upgraded by the new TPC was taking data from semicentral Pb+Au collisions at 40 AGeV. The analysis of the di-electron spectra shows an enhancement in the low mass region of at least the same magnitude as previously observed at full SPS energy. The results are compared to model calculations with and without medium modifications of the vector mesons. The addition of the radial TPC gives more possibilities to study hadronic observables. The results obtained for the midrapidity Lambda yield and the AntiLambda/Lambda ratio are compared to the existing systematics