cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resonance Raman scattering in III–V semiconductors and their alloys

The resonances in the Raman cross section of InAs and several pseudobinary alloys of III–V compounds in the neighbourhood of the E0 and E1 gaps were investigated. The alloying technique was used to bring the gaps to the region where the lines of the Ar-ion laser occur. The E0-Raman resonance shifts with temperature the same as the corresponding absorption gap, while a much smaller shift is exhibited by the E1 resonance. These resonant gaps shift with alloy concentration less than the corresponding absorption gaps, a fact which seems to be a reflection of the more localized nature of the Raman scattering phenomenon. The LO phonon exhibits in the forbidden scattering configurations a strong resonance near E1 at 77 °K. This resonance disappears rapidly as the temperature is increased. Es wurden die Resonanzen des Raman-Streuquerschnitts von InAs und einigen pseudobinaren Legierungen der III–V-Verbindungen in der Nahe der E0- und E1-Bandlucke untersucht. Die Legierungstechnik wurde benutzt, um die Bandlucke in einen Bereich zu bringen, in dem die Linien des Ar-Ionen-Lasers auftreten. Die E0-Raman-Resonanz verschiebt sich mit der Temperatur wie die entsprechende Bandlucke, wahrend bei der E1-Resonanz eine wesentlich kleinere Verschiebung auftritt. Diese resonanten Bandlucken verschieben sich mit der Legierungskonzentration weniger als die entsprechenden Absorptions-Bandlucken, eine Tatsache, die die starkere Lokalisation des Raman-Streu-Phanomens wiederzuspiegeln scheint. Das LO-Phonon zeigt in der Konfiguration der verbotenen Streuung eine starke Resonanz in der Nahe von E1 bei 77 °K. Diese Resonanz verschwindet schnell mit wachsender Temperatur.
Modeling and Observations of Martian Stationary Waves

Abstract A linear σ-coordinate model is used in conjunction with a Mars GCM northern hemisphere winter zonal mean circulation to study the orographically forced stationary disturbances on Mars. The disturbances are compared to their counterparts on Earth and to the bright streak data from the Mariner 9 and Viking images. Diabatic heating on Mars is predominantly radiative, and inversion near the surface causes mountains to cool and depressions to heat the atmosphere. Due to the short radiative timescales and large meridional surface pressure gradient, the atmosphere responds to radiative forcing by changing its temperature and pressure gradient. The strong meridional flow near the equator and short radiative timescales combine to make responses to mechanical and thermal forcing of the same order in the tropics and in parts of the northern midlatitudes. In the subtropics, small zonal and meridional flows allow the response to radiative forcing to dominate. All these factors contribute to making the Martian...
The Validity of the Employment Interview: A Meta‐Analysis

The interview is the most widely used personnel selection method, but has revealed low reliability and validity compared with other selection methods (Mayfield 1964; Ulrich and Trumbo 1965; Schmitt 1976; Arvey 1979). Thirty-one studies on the validity of the interview were meta-analyzed. The result was an average validity coefficient of .27. The estimated true validity of the interview was calculated to be .38. These values indicated that the interview has moderate validity as a personnel selection device. Six characteristics of the interview were also examined in relation to the validity of the interview: structure of the interview; number of interviewers; length of the interview; gender of the applicant pool; blue-collar/white-collar jobs; and use of college students versus job applicants. The six study characteristics accounted for 30.9% of the variance in the validity of the interview. Structure of the interview appeared to be the only characteristic that moderated the validity of the interview. The relationship of this study to other meta-analyses of the employment interview is discussed.
Incorporating Background Knowledge for Subjective Rule Evaluation

Association rule mining is the task of finding interesting relationships hidden in large transaction databases. Despite the significant progress made in this field, one of the fundamental challenges that remain unresolved is the rule evaluation problem. Most notably, it is difficult to discriminate rules that are known to the domain experts from those that are unexpected. In this paper, we propose a framework called MIR that incorporates background knowledge acquired from an authoritative source into the rule evaluation task. We illustrate the advantages of using the framework in the medical informatics domain, where the rules are extracted from an electronic medical records (EMR) database while the domain knowledge is automatically acquired from the MEDLINE repository of biomedical citations.
Individual factors and successful learning in a hybrid course

Abstract What personality factors make for a successful hybrid L2 learning experience? While previous studies have examined online learning in comparative terms (i.e. Which format is better: in class or hybrid?), this study examines certain personality and cognitive factors that might define the ideal hybrid language learner. All informants studied introductory Spanish with multimedia materials supported by synchronous chat (video, voice, text). Personality and cognitive traits were probed using the Big Five Inventory scale (BFI 1 ) and the Shipley Institute of Living scale (SILS 2 ), respectively. The results were correlated with course outcomes and learner preferences for online, chat, or in-class activities. Exit interviews were conducted with an eye to offering a richer understanding of how hybrid students viewed online learning. The quantitative data revealed that conscientiousness (per BFI) had a significant, positive correlation with final grades. Low-verbal learners (per SILS) registered a definite preference for working with online materials, as opposed to learning in class or chatting online. The results suggest that students who are conscientiousness learners perform well within the hybrid-learning environment; low-verbal learners, in particular, value the online materials which create the possibility to work online at one's own pace.
Carbohydrate metabolism in the flight muscle of the southern armyworm moth, Prodenia eridania

Abstract Flight muscle mitochondria isolated from the southern armyworm moth, Prodenia eridania (Cramer), can oxidize pyruvate + malate very rapidly with high P : O ratios and good respiratory control by ADP. There is a requirement for Pi, but not for any added cofactor except ADP. α-Glycerol phosphate, acetyl carnitine, various citric acid cycle intermediates, and amino acids are oxidized more slowly than pyruvate + malate. A highly active acetyl CoA-carnitine transferase is present in these mitochondria, but acetyl CoA synthetase is absent. Homogenates of Prodenia flight muscle can completely and rapidly oxidize glucose, trehalose, glycogen, and phosphorylated hexoses. The enzyme trehalase appears to be localized mainly in particles lighter than mitochondria; its activity can be enhanced some fifteenfold by repeated freezing and thawing and by sonication. The glycogen reserves of newly emerged moths are too small to sustain flight for a significant period of time. The role of carbohydrate metabolism in the flight muscle of P. eridania, an insect that oxidizes fat for flight energy, is probably to convert ingested carbohydrate to fat for storage.
Learning from ''Female Genital Mutilation'': Lessons from 30 Years of Academic Discourse

At the intersection of feminism and postcolonial theory is an acrimonious debate over female genital cutting (FGC). I subject this debate to an analysis in order to separate productive from destruc...
In Ireland ‘Latin Americans are kind of cool’: Evaluating a national context of reception with a transnational lens

In this article, I analyze how government policies and social reception shaped Latin Americans’ patterns of incorporation and identity formation in Ireland, a new immigrant destination country in E...
An approach to developing information dissemination service for ubiquitous computing applications

In many ubiquitous computing (ubicomp) applications, such as smart classrooms, hospitals, construction sites, stadiums, shopping malls, emergency set-vices, law enforcement, convention centers, battlefields, and inhospitable physical environments, an information dissemination service is needed for distributing information from one or more devices to a large number of devices. These systems normally possess the characteristics of autonomous decentralized systems (ADS). Information dissemination for ubicomp applications can be achieved by autonomous coordination, but complex interactions and autonomous coordination of these devices depend upon local and neighboring context and/or situation. Due to the mobility of the devices, unknown destinations for information from a source, and low computational power of the devices for routing, it is difficult to provide an information dissemination service for ubicomp applications. Reconfigurable context sensitive middleware (RCSM) has been used for ADS applications in ubicomp environments since it can provide context-sensitivity, situation-awareness, ad hoc communication and ADS properties. In this paper, an approach to developing an information dissemination service for ubicomp applications, which can be incorporated in RCSM, is presented.
γδT cells regulate chronic airway inflammation and development of airway remodelling.

SummaryBackground γδT cells play a crucial immunoregulatory role in the lung, maintaining normal airway tone and preventing hyperresponsiveness to innocuous allergen. During acute inflammatory episodes, γδT cells promote resolution of acute inflammation. However, their contribution to inflammation-associated airway remodelling remains unexplored. Here we investigate the effects of γδT cell blockade on established allergic airway inflammation and development of remodelling. Methods Sensitised mice were exposed to prolonged ovalbumin challenge or continuous house-dust mite exposure to induce chronic inflammation and remodelling. Functional blocking anti-TCRδ antibody was administered therapeutically, and parameters of airway inflammation and remodelling were examined. Results Therapeutic blockade of γδT cells prevented the typical resolution of acute airway inflammation characterised by elevated eosinophil and Th2 cell numbers. Moreover, the lung displayed exacerbated airway remodelling, typified by excess peribronchiolar collagen deposition. Conclusions These results demonstrate a unique role for γδT cells in constraining allergen-induced airway remodelling. Manipulating the γδT cell compartment may therefore contribute to strategies to prevent and treat remodelling.
Addressing Limits to Mainstream Economic Analysis of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations The “Austrian” Alternative

The article outlines the contours of an “Austrian”-theory-inspired perspective on the study of non-profit and voluntary social processes and institutions while using as a background and vehicle the Austrian economics criticism of mainstream neoclassical economics. The argument proceeds in two steps: First, it focuses on the explicit and implicit role welfare economics theory and efficiency/optimality models have come to assume in theorizing essential aspects of the non-profit sector. It points out the intrinsic limits of neoclassical economics in this respect. Second, it follows the logical implications of the arguments advanced in the first step to the reconstitution of a broader theory of social order that (a) circumvents the incapacitating reliance on maximization models of rationality and general equilibrium logic and that (b) pivots in a natural way on the notions of voluntary social actions, associations, and processes.
Efficacy and Safety of Baclofen for Alcohol Dependence: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Recent clinical trials and case-reports indicate that baclofen, a GABAB agonist, may have efficacy for alcohol dependence. Baclofen has been shown to enhance abstinence, to reduce drinking quantity, to reduce craving, and to reduce anxiety in alcohol-dependent individuals in 2 placebo-controlled trials in Italy. However, the clinical trial data with baclofen is limited. The purpose of the present study was to test the efficacy and tolerability of baclofen in alcohol dependence in the United States. Methods: The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study comparing 30 mg/d of baclofen to placebo over 12 weeks of treatment and utilizing 8 sessions of BRENDA, a low-intensity psychosocial intervention. One hundred and twenty-one subjects were screened to yield 80 randomized subjects (44 men) with randomization balanced for gender. Percent heavy drinking days was the primary outcome measure with other drinking outcomes, anxiety levels, and craving as secondary outcomes. Tolerability was examined. Results: Seventy-six percent of subjects completed the study. No difference by drug condition was seen in percentage of heavy drinking days where on-average rates were 25.5% (±23.6%) for placebo and 25.9% (±23.2%) for baclofen during treatment (t73 = 0.59, p = 0.56). Similarly, no differences were seen by drug condition in percentage of days abstinent, time to first drink, or time to relapse to heavy drinking. Baclofen was associated with a significant reduction in state anxiety (F1,73 = 5.39, p = 0.02). Baclofen was well tolerated with only 2 individuals stopping baclofen because of adverse events. There were no serious adverse events. Conclusions: Baclofen, a GABAB agonist, represents a possible new pharmacotherapeutic approach to alcohol dependence. Despite encouraging preclinical data and prior positive clinical trials with baclofen in Italy, the current trial did not find evidence that baclofen is superior to placebo in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Additional clinical trial work is necessary to establish whether baclofen does or does not have therapeutic efficacy in alcohol dependence and, if it does, what factors are predictive of response.
Individual differences in the production of initial consonant sequences in Pig Latin

Accounts of English initial consonant sequences suggest that not all sequences are the same. Data from acquisition, speech errors and language games necessitate unusual rules/constraints on subsyllabic structure to account for C/j/ and /s/C(C) sequences. Acquisition evidence supports within- and across-speaker representational differences for these sequences; however, such evidence for adults remains elusive. This study investigates the representation of consonant sequences within and across adult speakers of English. Thirty adults were trained in Pig Latin using words with singletons and true clusters. Generalization to C/j/ and /s/C(C) was then measured. Results suggested differential patterning for consonant sequences within and across speakers based on consistent production patterns and errors. Differences occurred most often with /s/C(C) sequences and even more so for C/j/. Orthography also influenced production patterns. Results support differential representational structure within and across individual grammars, which is accounted for via constraint-based output-output correspondence between surface and Pig Latin forms.
Associative processes in immediate recency.

Some theorists have argued that the immediate recency effect observed in free recall reflects the emptying out of the contents of a short-term memory buffer (Davelaar, Goshen-Gottstein, Ashkenazi, Haarmann, & Usher, 2005). Others have argued that immediate recency reflects the properties of temporal context used to cue free recall (Howard & Kahana, 2002). We examined immediate free recall of lists with an item from the middle of the list repeated at or near the end. If associative processes contribute to immediate recency, as predicted by the temporal context account, the neighbors of the initial presentation of the repeated item should show enhanced recall at the initial stages of immediate recall. Recall transitions early in output—and even the initiation of recall itself—showed evidence for temporally defined associations that resemble those observed in recall from long-term memory. These results have strong implications for models of the immediate recency effect in free recall.
P2Z-Independent and P2Z Receptor-Mediated Macrophage Killing by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

We demonstrate that a mucoid, alginate-producing strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the lungs of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient secretes multiple enzymes with nucleoside diphosphate kinase (Ndk), ATPase, adenylate kinase, 5′-nucleotidase, and ATP-modifying enzymatic activities. The secretion is triggered at high cell density and in complex media but is greatly reduced when the mucoid cells are grown in mineral salts media or in presence of 5.0 mM Ca2+ or Mg2+. Interestingly, the secretion is triggered primarily in the mucoid CF isolate of strain 8821M (or in strain FRD1) but not in a nonmucoid laboratory strain, PAO1. The purified secreted Ndk shows 100% match in its N-terminal amino acid sequence with that of purified intracellular Ndk and demonstrates similar enzymatic properties. The N-terminal sequence of the purified ATPase isolated from an ndk knockout mutant shows its identity with that of the heat shock chaperonin Hsp60. During fractionation, the flowthrough fraction from a Mono Q column demonstrates the presence of 5′-nucleotidase, adenylate kinase, and a putative ATP reductase activity. These fractions demonstrate high cytotoxic activities for murine peritoneal primary macrophages which can be further stimulated in the presence of ATP or inhibited by pretreatment of macrophages with oxidized ATP (oATP). The cytotoxicity associated with ATP-induced stimulation is believed to be due to activation of macrophage surface-associated P2Z (P2X7) receptors, which are one of the purinergic receptors responsible for pore formation on macrophage membrane. Blocking of these receptors by pretreatment with oATP blocks ATP-induced macrophage cell death. Thus mucoid P. aeruginosa cells elaborate enzymes that modulate the external ATP levels of macrophages, thereby modulating macrophage cell death through P2Z receptor activation. Evidence for the presence of secreted cytotoxic agents that act independently of P2Z receptor activation is also presented.
Kairomone mediated host-finding behavior in the parasitic wasp Orgilus lepidus

Host-finding by the parasitic wasp Orgilus lepidus, a braconid parasite, is mediated by two kairomones present in the frass of the host insect, the potato tuberworm. A volatile substance identified as heptanoic acid elicits heightened searching behavior, resulting in the parasite contacting the frass. A contact chemical stimulus in the frass induces the parasite to probe the substrate with the ovipositor, culminating in contact with the host. Zusammenfassung DURCH KAIROMONE VERMITTELTES WIRTSFINDUNGSVERHALTEN IN DER PARASITISCHEN WESPE, ORGILUS LEPIDUS Das Auffinden des Wirts durch die parasitische Wespe Orgilus lepidus wird durch zwei Kairomone vermittelt, die im Bohrmehl des Wirtsinsekts, der Kartoffelmotte (Phthorimaea operculella) vorliegen. Eine fluchtige Substanz, identifiziert als Heptansaure, lost erholtes Suchverhalten aus, das zur Kontaktnahme des Parasiten mit dem Bohrmehl fuhrt. Ein chemischer Kontaktreiz im Bohrmehl veranlasst den Parasiten, das Substrat mit dem Legestachel solange zu sondieren, bis er mit dem Wirt in Beruhrung kommt.
Nucleation and dynamics of Golgi-derived microtubules

Integrity of the Golgi apparatus requires the microtubule (MT) network. A subset of MTs originates at the Golgi itself, which in this case functions as a MT-organizing center (MTOC). Golgi-derived MTs serve important roles in post-Golgi trafficking, maintenance of Golgi integrity, cell polarity and motility, as well as cell type-specific functions, including neurite outgrowth/branching. Here, we discuss possible models describing the formation and dynamics of Golgi-derived MTs. How Golgi-derived MTs are formed is not fully understood. A widely discussed model implicates that the critical step of the process is recruitment of mo-lecular factors, which drive MT nucleation (γ-tubulin ring complex, or γ-TuRC), to the Golgi membrane via specific scaffolding interactions. Based on recent findings, we propose to introduce an additional level of regulation, whereby MT-binding proteins and/or local tubulin dimer concentration at the Golgi helps to overcome kinetic barriers at the initial nucleation step. According to our model, emerging MTs are subsequently stabilized by Golgi-associated MT-stabilizing proteins. We discuss molecular factors potentially involved in all three steps of MT formation. To preserve proper cell functioning, a balance must be maintained between MT subsets at the centrosome and the Golgi. Recent work has shown that certain centrosomal factors are important in maintaining this balance, suggesting a close connection between regulation of centrosomal and Golgi-derived MTs. Finally, we will discuss potential functions of Golgi-derived MTs based on their nucleation site location within a Golgi stack.
Collaboration by Design: Using Robotics to Foster Social Interaction in Kindergarten

Research shows the importance of social interaction between peers in child development. Although technology can foster peer interactions, teachers often struggle with teaching with technology. This study examined a sample of (n = 19) children participating in a kindergarten robotics summer workshop to determine the effect of teaching using a structured versus unstructured robotics curriculum on fostering peer-to-peer collaborative interactions. Results indicated that using a structured curriculum was associated with significantly less collaboration than an unstructured curriculum. Findings from this study indicated that to foster peer collaboration, a less structured learn-by-doing approach might be useful for teachers when integrating technology.
Visual Response Properties and Visuotopic Representation in the Newborn Monkey Superior Colliculus

Wallace M. T., J. G. McHaffie, and B. E. Stein. Visual response properties and visuotopic representation in the newborn monkey superior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2732–2741, 1997. Visually re...
Setting Agendas for Women in the Legislature: Patterns of Bill Introduction in the Argentine Congress

Women in the developing world have recently gained unprecedented access to elected office. Commentators often suggest that women's presence matters for promoting public policies that ameliorate economic inequality, repair social ills, and end widespread discrimination. Do female leaders represent these "women's interests"? This paper explores this question in the "most likely" case of Argentina, where electoral gender quotas have increased women's congressional seat share to nearly 40%. To assess whether female legislators make rights and well-being central to their legislative initiatives, I employ an original longitudinal data set which includes all bills introduced in the Argentine Congress from 1999-2009. I use probability models to statistically evaluate how likely female politicians (versus male politicians) are to introduce bills in women's interests policy areas. I complement the statistical findings with qualitative data from interviews conducted in 2005, 2007, and 2009. Legislators describe the openness of the Argentine Congress to social reforms and reveal their own motivations for introducing specific proposals. The findings reveal that, particularly during moments of economic upheaval, female legislators set the agenda in the following policy areas: healthcare, children and family, domestic violence, reproductive rights, and protections for workers and immigrants. Electing women does have substantive and positive effects on government welfare policies.
Inhibition of yeast multiplication by hypocholesteremic compounds and its annulment by lipids.

SummaryThe hypocholesteremic compounds, benzmalecene and triparanol, inhibited the multiplication of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and this inhibition was annulled by lecithin, oleic acid, lauric acid, ergosterol, and squalene in that order. Saturated fatty acids, other sterols, and sterol precursors were ineffective. The implications of these results for uncovering unsuspected metabolic targets and side-effects of drugs in humans is discussed.
Mitochondrial DNA variation among geographical populations of the screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax

Levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence divergence among different geographic populations of the primary screwworm fly, Cochliomyia hominivorax , were compared. Six different lines originating from the United States, Mexico, or Jamaica were analyzed using 15 different restriction endonucleases. The fraction of fragments in common ( F ) between pairs ranged from 0.69 to 0.98 ($\bar F$ = 0.87), while the estimated nucleotide sequence divergence ( p ) ranged from 0.1 to 2.7% ($\bar p$ = 1.1%). The greatest differences observed were between the Jamaican line and the mainland lines ($\bar p$ = 2.5%).
The "rise of the rule out": The SPECTer of cardiac stress imaging.

The percentage of gross domestic product attributed to health care has risen steadily for decades and currently comprises more than 1 in 6 dollars of the US economy. Consequently, the impetus to understand cost and utilization drivers of health care has never been greater. Given that heart disease is the leading cause of death for Americans, cardiologists dedicate considerable effort to identifying individuals at risk for or who have coronary artery disease (CAD). A key cost driver is cardiac stress imaging, which grew disproportionately in the 1990s and early 2000s. At least one-third of these studies may be inappropriate, with associated financial costs exceeding half a billion dollars annually. Further data on this patient population and the outcomes of their tests are needed to inform care and may impact appropriate use criteria (AUC), society guidelines, reimbursement, and public policy. In their carefully performed, large, observational, single-center study at a tertiary-level care facility, Jouni evaluated utilization patterns for more than 35,000 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tests performed over a 22-year period on patients without prior CAD. Consistent with other studies, the authors' described an increase in SPECT utilization from 1991 to 2002 and, after a 2-year plateau, a steady decline in testing through 2012. Neither changing patient risk factor profiles nor test substitution with stress echocardiography or stress electrocardiogram explained the decline. Concomitant with this changing utilization pattern, there was a dramatic and unidirectional change in testing indications over the study's duration. In the first 5 years, the proportion of SPECT tests performed on asymptomatic patients and patients with typical angina were roughly equal, at 21.9% and 18.3%, respectively. In the final 2 years, however, asymptomatic patients accounted for more than 1 in 3 SPECT tests performed, whereas those with typical angina represented only 1 in 15. Perhaps as a result, the frequency of low-risk findings also increased. Using a low summed stress score (SSS) of 0 to 3
DRUG COATED BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY FOR INFRA-INGUINAL PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Studies assessing paclitaxel coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty thus far are limited by sample size to evaluate relevant end-points like target lesion revascularization (TLR), amputation and mortality. We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane CENTRAL, meeting abstracts and reference lists of
HEPES inhibits contractile responses of canine basilar artery.

AbstractN-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N’-2-ethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) is a commonly-used buffer. This study determined the effect of HEPES on contractility of the dog basilar artery and tested the hypothesis that HEPES inhibits vasoconstriction ofisolated arterial segments by generating H2 O2 . Rings ofdog basilar artery with or without endothelium were suspended under isometric tension and contracted with Kel, serotonin, or prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in bicarbonate or HEPES buffer. Addition of HEPES, 30 mmoll-1, before or after contraction with Kel, serotonin or PGF2α significantly decreased maximal tension in rings with or without endothelium. Preincubation with HEPES buffer, 10 mmoll-1, significantly decreased maximal contractions to each agonist in rings with endothelium and to Kel and serotonin in rings without endothelium. HEPES, 30 mmoll-1 , noncompetitively inhibited concentration-contraction curves to increasing concentrations of each agonist in rings with or without endothelium. Inhibition by HEPE...
Conducted vasodilation elevates flow in arteriole networks of hamster striated muscle

Our purpose was to investigate blood flow responses to local and conducted vasodilation in arteriole networks supplying the cremaster muscle of anesthetized (pentobarbital sodium) male hamsters. We...
Clinical characteristics of ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropins with and without leuprolide acetate in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) results in suboptimal cycle fecundity and frequently is complicated by ovarian hyperstimulation. The use of a gonadotropin releasing-hormone agonist (GnRH-a) with hMG induction of ovulation may improve the therapeutic outcome. In this prospective, randomized trial, 27 women with PCOS underwent a total of 25 cycles of hMG alone and 33 cycles with adjunctive GnRH-a (leuprolide) treatment. Premature luteinization was seen less frequently in the leuprolide-treated cycles than in cycles treated with hMG alone. There were no differences between the treatments in ovarian sensitivity to hMG. Cycle fecundity was 0.16 for hMG alone cycles, and 0.27 for leuprolide with hMG cycles, which were not statistically different. We conclude that the sensitivity of the PCOS ovary to hMG is not affected by 4 weeks of leuprolide pretreatment.
The Binding Tie: Chinese Intergenerational Relations in Modern Singapore By K. Göransson

Singapore, like other developed Asian countries, has experienced many social changes, such as longer life spans, low birth rates, urbanization, and industrialization, that have contributed to the c...
Overuse Injuries: The Concept in 1992

Overuse injuries are caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Exercise exposes even the most subtle anatomic imperfections and extrinsic influences. Overuse that is not musculoskeletal in nature and new information pertaining to the role of bursae are discussed. Treatment philosophy is approached with an emphasis on history taking.
The Impact of Collective Bargaining on the Wage Structure in the United States

The impact of trade unionism on relative wage rates and on the allocation of resources has been a standard subject of theoretical economic discussion for decades. Trade unions were presumed to be analogous to business monopolies in intent and general strategy and their behaviour deducible from first principles, whereby the economic consequences could be predicted from the established body of value theory.
Knockout of arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase results in sex-dependent changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism in mice

Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase is the key enzyme in the methylation pathway for inorganic arsenic. We have recently shown that As3mt knockout (KO) has a profound effect on metabolomic profiles in mice. Phosphatidylcholine species (PCs) were the largest group of metabolites altered in both plasma and urine. The present study used targeted analysis to investigate the KO-associated changes in PC profiles in the liver, the site of PC synthesis. Results show that As3mt KO has a systemic effect on PC metabolism and that this effect is sex dependent.
European and Other Codes of Conduct for the Companies Operating in South Africa

Both in South Africa and the United States, the Sullivan Principles were the most widely known and recognized code of international conduct. The Principles were not, however, the only code of conduct adopted by companies in South Africa. A number of countries and regions, industry groups, and even individual companies had promulgated their own codes, all of which had some generic, or boilerplate, standards or principles dealing with race-based discrimination in the workplace (equal opportunity, upward mobility, and so on).
Characteristics associated with synthetic cannabinoid use among patients treated in a public psychiatric emergency setting.

ABSTRACTBackground: Growing evidence of adverse outcomes following synthetic cannabinoid use has engendered interest into populations at risk. The existing literature reports that synthetic cannabinoid use is predominant among young, white males. However, reports from local Departments of Health have found contrary evidence, showing that synthetic cannabinoid use is prevalent in populations other than those of young, white men. Objectives: This study sought to examine sociodemographic characteristics associated with self-reported synthetic cannabinoid use among a clinical psychiatric population within a public hospital in New York City. Methods: A cross-sectional medical record review was conducted on synthetic cannabinoid users and non-users in an emergency psychiatric setting. A total of 948 patients who presented at the emergency psychiatric setting in 2014 were included in this sample, 110 (11.6%) of whom were synthetic cannabinoid users. Logistic regressions were used to determine the sociodemographi...
Trends and challenges in big data processing

Almost six years ago we started the Spark project at UC Berkeley. Spark is a cluster computing engine that is optimized for in-memory processing, and unifies support for a variety of workloads, including batch, interactive querying, streaming, and iterative computations. Spark is now the most active big data project in the open source community, and is already being used by over one thousand organizations.One of the reasons behind Spark's success has been our early bet on the continuous increase in the memory capacity and the feasibility to fit many realistic workloads in the aggregate memory of typical production clusters. Today, we are witnessing new trends, such as Moore's law slowing down, and the emergence of a variety of computation and storage technologies, such as GPUs, FPGAs, and 3D Xpoint. In this talk, I'll discuss some of the lessons we learned in developing Spark as a unified computation platform, and the implications of today's hardware and software trends on the development of the next generation of big data processing systems.
Climate Variability and Climate Change

Abstract Changes of variability with climate change are likely to have a substantial impact on vegetation and society, rivaling the importance of changes in the mean values themselves. A variety of paleoclimate and future climate simulations performed with the GISS global climate model is used to assess how the variabilities of temperature and precipitation are altered as climate warms or cools. In general, as climate warms, temperature variability decreases due to reductions in the latitudinal temperature gradient and precipitation variability increases together with the intensity of the hydrologic cycle. If future climate projections are accurate, the reduction in temperature variability will be minimized by the rapid change in mean temperatures, but the hydrologic variability will be amplified by increased evapotranspiration. Greater hydrologic variability would appear to pose a potentially severe problem for the next century.
Low-cost electrocardiogram device for preventive health care in rural populations of developing countries

The World Health Organizations 2014 Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) indicated that chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, contributed to 68% of all deaths in 2012. Unsurprisingly, 75% of NCD deaths occurred in middle- and low-income countries, with almost half of these deaths caused by cardiovascular disease. Insufficient primary care, including access to physicians, technologies, and treatments, contributes to these cardiovascular disease outcomes. [1] An electrocardiogram (ECG) device is a medical device that measures the electrical activity of the heart and plots the voltage versus time for a doctor to interpret. Traditional ECG machines cost between $2,000 and $10,000 and require a trained physician to analyze test results. For these reasons, it is the goal of this project to create an ECG device, costing roughly $350, which can be used to screen patients for cardiovascular disease. The goal of this device is not to diagnose any particular cardiovascular disease or arrhythmia, but rather to help a doctor determine if something is abnormal. This device sends a condensed version of the ECG data to an off-site doctor via text message so that the doctor is no longer required to be present in the rural community to make informed health care decisions.
Improving Culturally Congruent Health Care for Children With Disabilities: Stakeholder Perspectives of Cultural Competence Training in an Interdisciplinary Leadership Training Program

Introduction: Racially/ethnically diverse children with disabilities experience increased risk for health care disparities when compared to non-Hispanic White children with disabilities or racially...
Almost Certain Escape from Black Holes in Final State Projection Models

Recent models of the black-hole final state suggest that quantum information can escape from a black hole by a process akin to teleportation. These models rely on a controversial process called final-state projection. This Letter discusses the self-consistency of the final-state projection hypothesis and investigates escape from black holes for arbitrary final states and for generic interactions between matter and Hawking radiation. Quantum information escapes with fidelity $\ensuremath{\approx}(8/3\ensuremath{\pi}{)}^{2}$: only half a bit of quantum information is lost on average, independent of the number of bits that escape from the hole.
Automation of Batch Processes, Experience and Trends

Abstract General Electric Plastics has a fast growing site located in Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands. One after another, chemical and extrusion plants are coming on-stream in the last years. All these plants have a high degree of automation. At GE Plastics, production is taking place continuously, as well as batch-wise. Our paper will describe batch processes in general as well as the experience gained with respect to their automation. Special attention will be given to system set up and configuration of application control software for automation of batch processes. The description will follow the line from process operation to items like plant analysis, batch units, shared equipment and, finally a successful batch control software implementation. We shall make recommendations with respect to allocation of tasks between hard- and software, and state our expectations about future developments. We shall illustrate the various subjects by some examples from General Electric Plastics BV.
Therapy of essential thrombocythemia with thiotepa and chlorambucil

Twenty-seven patients with essential thrombocythemia were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of weekly intravenous thiotepa (until the platelet count fell below 1,000 X 10(3)/cu mm) and daily chlorambucil (until a sustained remission, platelet count less than 400 X 10(3)/cu mm). All patients responded promptly, platelet counts fell to below 1,000 X 10(3)/cu mm by 1-3 wk, and were less than 400 X 10(3)/cu mm by 2-6 wk. Remission of thrombocytosis was accompanied by an improvement of the patients' symptoms and resolution of the splenomegaly that was present in 21 of the 27 patients. However, daily chlorambucil for more than 1 yr was required to produce a sustained remission in the majority of patients. Nine of 21 patients whose initial treatment was discontinued have required retreatment. To date, 3 patients have expired; 1 patient developed acute leukemia at 36 mo.
A quick guide to disinfectants

With so many disinfectants available for use in veterinary practice, this article offers an overview of the types and mechanisms of a range of commonly used preparations and how and why correct sel...
Hinton and Shaw’s Extension of Weyl’s M (λ) Theory to Systems

D. B. Hinton and J. K. Shaw have developed an extension of the Weyl theory which is a bit different from that of Chapter VI, and which proves to be ultimately much more useful in deriving the spectral resolution for self-adjoint systems.
The Effect of Carbide Precipitation on Fatigue Crack Propagation in Type 316 Stainless Steel

The effects of carbide precipitation and carbon content on crack propagation rates in Type 316 stainless steel were determined for the temperature range of -196 to 649°C. It was shown that neither ...
The Current Status of Ti-Al and Al-Li Binary Phase Diagrams

The current status of the Ti-Al and Al-Li phase diagrams and some recent work on modeling in these systems has been reviewed.
On the maximality of the group theoretic single error correcting and all unidirectional error detecting (SEC-AUED) codes

The analysis of the group theoretic single error correcting and all unidirectional error detecting (SEC-AUED) code is given in this paper. The formula of computing the size of the group theoretic code is presented and the maximal group theoretic codes, for a given weight and for all possible weights, are found. An upper bound on the size of any SEC-AUED code is also developed.
A Robust Discrete Optimization Framework

The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the formulation of an optimization problem the solution of which leads to the identification of robust decisions. In Chapter 1 we formally defined the Robustness Approach to Decision Making. According to our discussion, three different robustness criteria can be used for the selection of the robust decision.
Root resorption of dental and traumatic origin: classification based on etiology.

While root resorption is a relatively common complication of dental trauma, classifications of root resorption are inconsistent and confusing. All pathological root resorption of dental origin is inflammatory in nature. For root resorption to occur, the protective superficial layer must be (internally or externally) damaged or changed and an inflammatory stimulator must be present. This article attempts to classify root resorption on the basis of etiology, i.e., the cause of the protective layer loss and the cause of the inflammatory response, to facilitate more efficient treatment.
DETOXIFICATION OF AFLATOXIN–CONTAMINATED AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES

Aflatoxin–contaminated commodities can be detoxified by a variety of methods based to some extent on economics and the physical and chemical characteristics of the substance being treated. Electronic and hand sorting of peanuts with ammoniation of contaminated oilseed meals and corn currently appears to offer the most promise. Microbiological decontamination appears to be the least feasible method of choice.
Training Within Industry: The Foundation of Lean

Contents: Benefits of the TWI programs -- A brief history outlining the principles of TWI -- Why TWI is a foundation of lean thinking -- Characteristics that made and sustained TWI's success -- How TWI developed the job instruction program -- How TWI developed the job relations program -- How TWI developed the job methods program -- How TWI developed program development -- Delivering job instruction -- Delivering job relations -- Delivering job methods -- Delivering program development -- Continually developing TWI-where do you go from here?
Alexandre Kojève and philosophical Stalinism

Alexandre Kojeve not infrequently claimed that he was a Stalinist. While many have ignored his claim, this paper takes it seriously and outlines several aspects of Kojeve’s thought that allow one to read Kojeve as a philosopher of Stalinism, as one who articulates the self-consciousness of Stalinism. These aspects are three: (1) Kojeve’s association of finality and freedom with the overcoming of individuality; (2) the attempt to achieve finality and freedom so defined in the universal homogeneous state, and (3) the structure of that state as an essentially juridical administrative system. The question remains, however, whether one can truly overcome individuality while one is still living, the conflict between individual material existence and the overarching state being irresolvable.
A comparison of pathologic and intermediate term oncologic outcomes following open and robotic radical cystectomy.

440Background: Conflicting data regarding the oncologic efficacy of robotic surgery has led to concerns for possible inferiority. Despite recent prospective results from the RAZOR trial demonstrati...
Hamstring Autograft Versus Hybrid Graft in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies.

Purpose To compare (1) patient-reported outcomes, (2) objective knee measures of stability, (3) failures, and (4) reoperations after primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft versus autograft-allograft hybrid grafts. Methods We performed a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Multiple databases were searched for studies that compared outcomes of ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft versus autograft-allograft hybrid grafts in adult human patients with minimum 2-year follow-up. Knee-specific patient-reported outcome scores, objective knee measures of stability, failures, and reoperations were reported for each study and compared between semitendinosus-gracilis autografts and hybrid grafts. Study heterogeneity and levels of evidence precluded meta-analysis. Results We analyzed 6 articles (544 patients; 54.5% male patients; mean age, 30.9 ± 3.9 years; mean follow-up period, 43.6 ± 15.5 months). Of 6 studies, 4 showed no significant differences in International Knee Documentation Committee and Lysholm scores between the semitendinosus-gracilis autograft and hybrid groups. Five of six studies showed no significant differences in KT-1000 measurements between groups. The risk of ACL failure ranged from 3.2% to 8.4% for semitendinosus-gracilis autografts and from 2.4% to 14.3% for hybrid grafts, with no study reporting a significant difference in failure rates between groups. The reoperation rate in the subjects undergoing ACL reconstruction with semitendinosus-gracilis autografts and hybrid grafts ranged from 2.8% to 10.3% and from 2.4% to 48.3%, respectively. In 5 of 6 studies, no significant differences in reoperation rates were found between groups. Conclusions Most studies reported no significant differences in patient-reported outcome scores, objective knee measures of stability, and reoperation rates between semitendinosus-gracilis autografts and hybrid grafts. No significant difference in ACL failure rates was found between groups in any study. Level of Evidence Level III, systematic review of Level II and III studies.
Contact isn't enough: attitudes towards and misunderstandings about undocumented immigrants among a diverse college population

ABSTRACTAmple evidence exists of bipartisan positive attitudes towards undocumented immigrants receiving a path to citizenship, and of a lack of US residents’ knowledge about undocumented immigrati...