cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prior State, Transition Reactions, and the Expression of Emotion

The problem of how best to conceptualize and describe the emotional reactions observed in infancy and early childhood appears recurrently in both this volume and in the earlier volume on the development of fear (Lewis & Rosenblum, 1974). That a generally accepted solution to this problem has not yet been found is indicated both by the diversity of approaches taken to the study of emotion and by the fact that most discussions of emotion (including the present one) begin with an attempt to clarify the conceptual framework to which they relate. Part of the difficulty in defining emotion is that to speak of “emotional behavior” implies that there exists a category of “nonemotional behavior” as well. However, as Duffy (1941) argued long ago, “there is no evidence for the existence of a special condition called emotion which follows different principles of action from the other conditions of the organism” (p. 292). The current work on the inseparability of cognition and affect, the affective nature of consciousness, and the relation between emotional development and the concept of self both lend support to this statement and attest to the inseparability of emotion from other modes of psychological function.
Multimodal based classification of schizophrenia patients

Schizophrenia is currently diagnosed by physicians through clinical assessment and their evaluation of patient's self-reported experiences over the longitudinal course of the illness. There is great interest in identifying biologically based markers at the onset of illness, rather than relying on the evolution of symptoms across time. Functional network connectivity shows promise in providing individual subject predictive power. The majority of previous studies considered the analysis of functional connectivity during resting-state using only fMRI. However, exclusive reliance on fMRI to generate such networks, may limit inference on dysfunctional connectivity, which is hypothesized to underlie patient symptoms. In this work, we propose a framework for classification of schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects based on using both fMRI and band limited envelope correlation metrics in MEG to interrogate functional network components in the resting state. Our results show that the combination of these two methods provide valuable information that captures fundamental characteristics of brain network connectivity in schizophrenia. Such information is useful for prediction of schizophrenia patients. Classification accuracy performance was improved significantly (up to ≈ 7%) relative to only the fMRI method and (up to ≈ 21%) relative to only the MEG method.
Chosonjok Koreans in China

The purpose of this report is twofold. First, it provides an historical overview of Korean migration to Northeast China (formerly known as Manchuria). Second, the essay examines how Koreans have maintained their identity and culture during the past two decades in the context of modernization, urbanization, and change in international relations. Finally, what is the future prospect for the Korean community in China?
Using Music and Lyrics to Teach Political Theory

Since the fall semester of 2008, I have used music to teach political theory to undergraduate students. I use song lyrics to make analogies to concepts used by political theorists, and I use the music to create associations that improve students’ memory of those concepts. Unlike other teachers who incorporate music into their classes by linking lyrics to concepts, I choose songs that reflect important ideas of specific theorists through multiple allusions to their ideas. The songs I choose serve four objectives: introducing concepts that may be difficult for students to appreciate, illustrating the application of those concepts, reinforcing students’ memory through issue-spotting songs, and presenting biographical information about the theorist that they are reading. I illustrate how I achieve these objectives through songs drawn from artists including Billy Joel, Ace of Base, and Supertramp, and musicals including West Side Story and Camelot.
Controlled Assembly of Silane-Based Polymers: Chemically Robust Thin-Films

We describe the controlled assembly of silane-based copolymers on various interfaces that have surface silanol groups. This assembly occurs as a result of the formation of very robust siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si) due to a condensation reaction between the alkoxysilane groups of the polymers and surface hydroxyl groups of the substrates. Deposition of these copolymers is not self-limiting; therefore, they could not be assembled into discrete monolayers. However, UV-visible data collected as a function of deposition cycle reveals a linear relationship, confirming the deposition of a constant amount of polymer in each deposition cycle. A linear variation of layer thickness with deposition cycles is also observed. The assembled polymer layers are found to be very robust and resistant even when exposed to piranha solution for several hours.
Determination of lead in urine by double elimination of matrix interferences-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Objective:To eliminate the matrix interference in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry analysis of lead in urine.Methods: Addition of palladium chloride in the urine,standing to precipitate precipitation test solution and improve ashing temperature,the optimal conditions.Results: Background absorbance down to ≤0.13,recovery was 95.0%,Y=0.003273X+0.0009,r=0.9990.Conclusion: The method,eliminating the matrix interference,the precipitation will not cause precipitation of lead in urine loss,the result is accurate and reliable.
Computing with polynomials over composites

In the last twenty years, algebraic techniques have been applied with great success to several areas in theoretical computer science. However, for many problems involving modular counting, there is a huge gap in our understanding depending on whether the modulus is prime or composite. A prime example is the problem of showing lower bounds for circuits with Mod gates in circuit complexity. Proof techniques that work well for primes break down over composites. Moreover, in some cases, the problem for composites turns out to be very different from the prime case. Making progress on these problems seems to require a better understanding of polynomials over composites. In this thesis, we address some such prime vs. composite problems from algorithms, complexity and combinatorics, and the surprising connections between them. We consider the complexity-theoretic problem of computing Boolean functions using polynomials modulo composites. We show that symmetric polynomials can viewed as simultaneous communication protocols. This equivalence allows us to use techniques from communication complexity and number theory to prove degree bounds. We use these to give the first tight degree bounds for a number of Boolean functions. We consider the combinatorial problem of explicit construction of Ramsey graphs. We present a simple construction of such graphs using polynomials modulo composites. This approach gives a unifying view of many known constructions, and explains why they all achieve the same bound. We show that certain approaches to this problem cannot give better bounds. Finally, we consider the algorithmic problem of interpolation for polynomials modulo composites. We present the first query-efficient algorithms for interpolation and learning under a distribution. These results rely on some new structural results about such polynomials.
The Time and Place of Fertilization of the Golden Hamster Egg

There is little precise information in the literature as to the exact place where the union of the male and female gametes occurs in the genital tract of mammals. Yet it seems that an exact knowledge of the place of fertilization might be of great significance, not only for our understanding of the process of fertilization itself, but in its relation to the manifold problems associated with the limited span of time during which the capacity for fertilization persists in the sperm and egg, and to the physiology of later development and implantation. In most writings about the early development of Man and other mammals, it is assumed that the egg is fertilized in the cephalic part of the oviduct. However, there is still insufficient evidence to justify such general assumptions. It would not be surprising if it should be shown that different species have different topographical positions of the fertilization site correlated for instance with such factors as spontaneous versus induced ovulation.
Bubbly shock propagation as a mechanism for sheet-to-cloud transition of partial cavities

Partial cavitation in the separated region forming from the apex of a wedge is examined to reveal the flow mechanism responsible for the transition from stable sheet cavity to periodically shedding cloud cavitation. High-speed visualization and time-resolved X-ray densitometry measurements are used to examine the cavity dynamics, including the time-resolved void-fraction fields within the cavity. The experimentally observed time-averaged void-fraction profiles are compared to an analytical model employing free-streamline theory. From the instantaneous void-fraction flow fields, two distinct shedding mechanisms are identified. The classically described re-entrant flow in the cavity closure is confirmed as a mechanism for vapour entrainment and detachment that leads to intermittent shedding of smaller-scale cavities. But, with a sufficient reduction in cavitation number, large-scale periodic cloud shedding is associated with the formation and propagation of a bubbly shock within the high void-fraction bubbly mixture in the separated cavity flow. When the shock front impinges on flow at the wedge apex, a large cloud is pinched off. For periodic shedding, the speed of the front in the laboratory frame is of the order of half the free-stream speed. The features of the observed condensation shocks are related to the average and dynamic pressure and void fraction using classical one-dimensional jump conditions. The sound speed of the bubbly mixture is estimated to determine the Mach number of the cavity flow. The transition from intermittent to transitional to strongly periodic shedding occurs when the average Mach number of the cavity flow exceeds that required for the generation of strong shocks.
A Continuation Approach to Global Eigenvalue Assignment 1

Abstract This paper describes an alternative approach to global eigenvalue assignment called a continuation method. The method is a homotopy technique which embeds the global control problem into a parameterized family of global control problems. This parameterization describes a continuous deformation of a system with the desired spectrum into the original system. Based on this deformation, a differential equation is constructed whose solution trajectory has an endpoint which is a constant output feedback matrix assigning the desired spectrum to the original system. The development of this differential equation and conditions that guarantee the existence of a solution are given. Also, two examples of its numerical implementation are detailed.
Abstract P275: Incidence and Case-Fatality Rates of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Beginning in the late 1960s, the death rates attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD) in the U.S. declined, including deaths due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The decline in AMI related mortality is likely related to both a decrease in the incidence rates of new events in addition to declines in case-fatality rates (CFRs). The purpose of this summary over view is to describe long-term trends in the incidence and short-term CFRs after AMI in the US based on data from population-based community surveillance studies and, secondarily, to examine possible demographic differences in any observed trends. Methods: Systematic review of published studies providing data on incidence and/or CFRs after AMI in the U.S. published in English between 1980 and 2009. Results: Twenty one out of 436 retrieved articles met our eligibility criteria. Our findings are based on the results of 9 community surveillance studies covering different geographic locations and time periods. Eight studies where done ...
On Partial Identification of the Natural Indirect Effect

In causal mediation analysis, nonparametric identification of the natural indirect effect typically relies on, in addition to no unobserved pre-exposure confounding, fundamental assumptions of (i) so-called “cross-world-counterfactuals” independence and (ii) no exposure-induced confounding. When the mediator is binary, bounds for partial identification have been given when neither assumption is made, or alternatively when assuming only (ii). We extend existing bounds to the case of a polytomous mediator, and provide bounds for the case assuming only (i). We apply these bounds to data from the Harvard PEPFAR program in Nigeria, where we evaluate the extent to which the effects of antiretroviral therapy on virological failure are mediated by a patient’s adherence, and show that inference on this effect is somewhat sensitive to model assumptions.
Educator Insights: Strategic Partnerships for Global Education - Linkages with Overseas Institutions

The globalization of business education involves much more than the inclusion of more international business courses in the curriculum and the infusion of more international materials into all busi...
Hamiltonian Cycle Enumeration via Fermion-Zeon Convolution

Beginning with a simple graph having finite vertex set V, operators are induced on fermion and zeon algebras by the action of the graph’s adjacency matrix and combinatorial Laplacian on the vector space spanned by the graph’s vertices. When the graph is simple (undirected with no loops or multiple edges), the matrices are symmetric and the induced operators are self-adjoint. The goal of the current paper is to recover a number of known graph-theoretic results from quantum observables constructed as linear operators on fermion and zeon Fock spaces. By considering an “indeterminate” fermion/zeon Fock space, a fermion-zeon convolution operator is defined whose trace recovers the number of Hamiltonian cycles in the graph. This convolution operator is a quantum observable whose expectation reveals the number of Hamiltonian cycles in the graph.
A Visual Analytics Framework for Identifying Topic Drivers in Media Events

Media data has been the subject of large scale analysis with applications of text mining being used to provide overviews of media themes and information flows. Such information extracted from media articles has also shown its contextual value of being integrated with other data, such as criminal records and stock market pricing. In this work, we explore linking textual media data with curated secondary textual data sources through user-guided semantic lexical matching for identifying relationships and data links. In this manner, critical information can be identified and used to annotate media timelines in order to provide a more detailed overview of events that may be driving media topics and frames. These linked events are further analyzed through an application of causality modeling to model temporal drivers between the data series. Such causal links are then annotated through automatic entity extraction which enables the analyst to explore persons, locations, and organizations that may be pertinent to the media topic of interest. To demonstrate the proposed framework, two media datasets and an armed conflict event dataset are explored.
DEVELOPMENT OF MATERIALS BUILDING MATERIALS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRUCTIVE-CONSTRUCTIVE SIDE

The purpose of this research is to construct constructive, constructive, and effective construct-based constructive spacewalk construct materials, including Student Handbook, Student Activity Sheet (LKS), and Teacher Handbook. The existence of constructivist-based learning materials is expected to create a learning situation that allows students to more construct their knowledge personally or socially. This research is a research development (Development and Development) which uses descriptive and evaluative method, and through development trials that refer to Four-D model Thiagarajan et al. (1974), with define, disign, develop, and disseminate stages. The teaching material meets the criteria of validity, meets the practical criteria for both trials, and meets the effectiveness criteria in the second trial. Thus the development of materials to get the wake-up material kosutruktivistik-based curve space valid, practical, and effective. Dissemination of teaching materials conducted on mathematics teachers in the forum MGMP Matematika SMP Kab. Pangkep and meet the criteria of effectiveness disseminate
Discovering valuations and enforcing truthfulness in a deadline-aware scheduler

A cloud computing cluster equipped with a deadline-aware job scheduler faces fairness and efficiency challenges when greedy users falsely advertise the urgency of their jobs. Penalizing such untruthfulness without demotivating users from using the cloud service calls for advanced mechanism design techniques that work together with deadline-aware job scheduling. We propose a Bayesian incentive compatible pricing mechanism based on matching by replica-surrogate valuation functions. User valuations can be discovered by the mechanism, even when the users themselves do not fully understand their own valuations. Furthermore, users who are charged a Bayesian incentive compatible price have no reason to lie about the urgency of their jobs. The proposed mechanism achieves multiple desired truthful properties such as Bayesian incentive compatibility and ex-post individual rationality. We implement the proposed pricing mechanism. Through experiments in a Hadoop cluster with real-world datasets, we show that our prototype is capable of suppressing untruthful behavior from users.
Real-time detection of malicious PMU data

The growing installation of phasor measurement units (PMUs) provide grid operators wide-area situational awareness while introducing additional vulnerabilities to power systems from the cyber security point of view. This paper presents an online method to detect ongoing contingencies in the system and bad data injection on its PMU network. To do so, the principal component analysis is applied to leverage the spatial and temporal correlations among the synchrophasor data. Pattern match and data reconstruction are proposed to identify incident types and find their most possible locations. Case studies are carried out on a 150-bus system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Mechanisms by which a Very-Low-Calorie Diet Reverses Hyperglycemia in a Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes

Summary Caloric restriction rapidly reverses type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the mechanism(s) of this reversal are poorly understood. Here we show that 3 days of a very-low-calorie diet (VLCD, one-quarter their typical intake) lowered plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in a rat model of T2D without altering body weight. The lower plasma glucose was associated with a 30% reduction in hepatic glucose production resulting from suppression of both gluconeogenesis from pyruvate carboxylase (V PC ), explained by a reduction in hepatic acetyl-CoA content, and net hepatic glycogenolysis. In addition, VLCD resulted in reductions in hepatic triglyceride and diacylglycerol content and PKCɛ translocation, associated with improved hepatic insulin sensitivity. Taken together, these data show that there are pleotropic mechanisms by which VLCD reverses hyperglycemia in a rat model of T2D, including reduced DAG-PKCɛ-induced hepatic insulin resistance, reduced hepatic glycogenolysis, and reduced hepatic acetyl-CoA content, PC flux, and gluconeogenesis.
Effects of creatine supplementation on nociception in young male and female mice

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to evaluate creatine as an anti-nociceptive compound in an animal model of thermal and inflammatory pain. Creatine has the structural potential to interact with acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC), which have been involved in pain sensation modulation. The hypothesis evaluated in this study was that creatine will interact with ASICs leading to decreased nociception. Methods Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed with either a control diet or the control diet supplemented with creatine (6.25 g/kg diet). After one week on the diet, the mice were tested for thermal hyperalgesia and inflammatory pain response. Results The latency to withdraw the tail during the thermal hyperalgesia test was unaffected by sex or diet. During the formalin test, males and females responded differently to the stimulus, and the female mice supplemented with creatine seemed to recover faster than the controls. To determine whether ASICs mediate the action of creatine, GMQ, an ASIC3 agonist, was injected in one paw and pain response was quantified. Females responded more strongly to GMQ injections, and all mice fed creatine had a decreased response to GMQ. Conclusions These preliminary data suggest a potential effect of creatine on inflammation-based nociception that may be mediated via ASIC3. While preliminary, this study warrants further research on the potential of creatine as an analgesic and can serve as a stepping stone for the development of ASIC-based therapeutics.
Learning online, offline, and in-between: comparing student academic outcomes and course satisfaction in face-to-face, online, and blended teaching modalities

The purpose of this study was to conduct a three-way comparison of face-to-face, online, and blended teaching modalities in an undergraduate Child Development course to determine if there were differences in student academic outcomes and course satisfaction across modalities. Student academic outcomes were measured by three examinations, one research paper assignment, and the overall course total grade. Course satisfaction was measured by administering the Student Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) across the three teaching modalities and the Constructivist On-Line Learning Environment Survey (COLLES) to online and blended modalities. Results indicated that students performed equally well on all three examinations, research paper, and the overall course total grade across three teaching modalities, allaying traditional reservations about online and blended teaching efficacy. The SOQ and COLLES analysis found students from the three modalities were equally satisfied with their learning experiences. A Two-Factor Model identifying Face-to-Face Interaction and Learn on Demand (Flexibility) as factors determining student academic outcomes was proposed. Implications, limitations, and future research direction were discussed.
Are Stem Cells the Next Generation of Stroke Therapeutics

In this exciting atmosphere of having new endovascular treatment options for our acute stroke patients, the Stroke journal commissioned a focused update on the application of stem cells and cell-based therapies given new advancements in our mechanistic understanding of stem cells and given the launch of phase 2B and 3 efficacy trials. After initial attempts in cell transplantation approaches for patients with chronic subcortical strokes in the 1990s, the field of stem cells in stroke shifted focus over the past 20 years, resulting in new therapeutic strategies using easily accessible cell types that modulate immune responses to injury and amplify endogenous repair processes. We have learned that the secretomes and microparticles that cell therapies release may be the principal mediators of their therapeutic effects. Partnerships between industry and academia have been instrumental in advancing this field. Only a select few companies have sustained investments to carry out studies from preclinical development all the way to efficacy trials. Notably, Athersys has initiated two phase 3 efficacy trials on its cell-based platform, MultiStem, for patients with acute ischemic stroke, whereas ReNeuron and SanBio are now in phase 2B stages for patients with chronic stroke. In this focused update, we …
ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Pretreatment Staging of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Abstract Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a tendency toward urothelial multifocality and is at risk for local and distant spread, most commonly to the lymph nodes, bone, lung, liver, and peritoneum. Pretreatment staging of MIBC should include imaging of the urothelial upper tract for synchronous lesions; imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis for metastases; and MRI pelvis for local staging. CT abdomen and pelvis without and with contrast (CT urogram) is recommended to assess the urothelium and abdominopelvic organs. Pelvic MRI can improve local bladder staging accuracy. Chest imaging is also recommended with chest radiograph usually being adequate. FDG-PET/CT may be appropriate to identify nodal and metastatic disease. Chest CT may be useful in high-risk patients and those with findings on chest radiograph. Nonurogram CT and MRI of the abdomen and pelvis are usually not appropriate, and neither is radiographic intravenous urography, Tc-99m whole body bone scan, nor bladder ultrasound for pretreatment staging of MIBC. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
“What Nature Itself Demands:” The Development of Maternity Legislation at the End of the Nineteenth Century

Norway’s first maternity leave law was passed in 1892 as a part of the Factory Act and required women working in industrial settings to take a leave of 4–6 weeks after giving birth without pay. The maternity leave was mandatory and restrictive, and the very groups of women that were actively engaged in later pieces of maternity legislation were uninvolved in this first maternity leave law. This chapter examines the 1892 law and places it within the context of other late-nineteenth-century European maternity policies. It examines the reasons why feminists, midwives, and working women were absent from policy debates, and provides some background on the state of the feminist movement, the situation of working women, and the scope of midwives’ work in Norway at the end of the nineteenth century. The chapter also includes an analysis of the people who were involved in the passage of the 1892 law and the arguments they used in regards to maternity. To understand these arguments, the chapter outlines the medical and cultural scripts that dominated Norwegian politics and society at the time of the law’s passage.
Erythroblast und Erythrozyt

Der Erythrozyt oder das rote Blutkorperchen der Sauger ist ein sinnfalliges Beispiel fur eine spezialisierte Zelle. Die ausdifferenzierte Form, die im linken oberen Teil dieses Bildes gezeigt wird, entwickelt sich im hamatopoetischen Gewebe. Die begrenzende Membran (PM), hier als Linie sichtbar, umschliest eine Masse (H), welche hauptsachlich aus Hamoglobin besteht. Dieses respiratorische Pigment fallt in elektronenmikroskopischen Bildern durch seine Dichte auf, welche zum grosten Teil auf den Gehalt an Eisen zuruckzufuhren ist. Der Kern wurde bei diesem roten Blutkorperchen bereits ausgestosen, und die Mitochondrien haben sich aufgelost, so das die ausgereifte Zelle wenig Einzelbestandteile auser dem charakteristischen respiratorischen Pigment enthalt. Im vorliegenden Bild sind einige wenige Partikel, wahrscheinlich Ribosomen, ubriggeblieben und deuten darauf hin, das die Proteinsynthese moglicherweise noch vollzogen wird. Bei vollig ausgereiften und im Blutstrom zirkulierenden Formen verschwinden auch diese Partikel, und die gesamte Zelleinrichtung fur die Synthese geht verloren.
Acute Kidney Injury Following Methimazole Initiation: A Case Report.

Objective:Nephritis has been rarely associated with methimazole, primarily in the development of nephrotic syndrome. We describe a case of acute kidney injury without evidence of nephrotic syndrome...
Current state of melanoma diagnosis and treatment.

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. In the early stages, melanoma can be treated successfully with surgery alone and survival rates are high, but after metastasis survival rates drop sig...
Effect of Investigator Observation on Gait Parameters in Individuals with Stroke

Abstract Improvements in gait speed following various training paradigms applied to patients post-stroke does not always lead to changes in walking performance, defined as gains in daily stepping activity. We hypothesized that testing conditions, specifically the presence of an observer, influences patient behaviors and resultant outcomes may overestimate their true walking capacity. This potential Hawthorne effect on spatiotemporal and biomechanical measures of locomotor function in individuals post-stroke has not been assessed previously. Fifteen ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke wore instrumented insoles and performed two separate normal-pace walking assessments, including unobserved conditions during which participants were unattended and unaware of data collection, and observed conditions with an investigator present. Gait analysis was conducted outside of a laboratory setting using instrumented insoles equipped with a 3D accelerometer and pressure sensors which captured the spatiotemporal kinematics, vertical ground reaction forces and foot acceleration. Data were compared using paired comparisons, with subsequent correlation and stepwise regression analyses to explore potential associations between Hawthorne-induced changes in walking strategies, gait speed and locomotor performance (daily stepping). Except for cadence, other measures of spatiotemporal parameters and swing kinematics (acceleration) were not significantly different between observed vs unobserved conditions. However, analyses of ground reaction forces revealed significantly greater paretic limb loading (Δ1st peak = 1.5 ± 1.6 N/kg Δ2nd peak = 1.4 ± 1.8 N/kg; p The present findings suggest that biomechanical parameters of walking function may be related to the presence of an observer and highlight the need to separately measure locomotor capacity (gait speed) and performance (daily stepping).
Finding a Regulatory Balance for Genetic Biohacking

“Biohacking” has emerged as a cultural and scientific phenomenon. Although there is no consensus on the precise definition of “biohacking,” the term generally describes biological investigations and interventions that are conducted outside of typical scientific settings by individuals who may not have traditional scientific training. Easier access to biological information and resources has enabled biohacking to flourish. Its participants often describe their activities as motivated by a belief in a right to “do science,” a high value placed on bodily autonomy, and a view that traditional scientific institutions and regulations have systematically failed to benefit society. At the same time, the November 2018 announcement that a scientist in China used CRISPR to genetically modify viable human embryos — allegedly resulting in the birth of the first “CRISPR babies” — has reinvigorated concerns about the distribution of genetic technologies. For genetic biohacking, these concerns may be heightened by a belief that mechanisms to regulate the activity are absent or inadequate to address its risks. But, as this chapter details, genetic biohacking is likely subject to numerous oversight mechanisms, both public and private. Before calling for additional regulations, these extant mechanisms should be evaluated.
Atom-based electromagnetic field sensing (Conference Presentation)

"Atom-based electromagnetic field sensing" was recorded at Photonics West 2020 in San Francisco, California.
Kant and Religion

This masterful work on Kant's Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason explores Kant's treatment of the Idea of God, his views concerning evil, and the moral grounds for faith in God. Kant and Religion works to deepen our understanding of religion's place and meaning within the history of human culture, touching on Kant's philosophical stance regarding theoretical, moral, political, and religious matters. Wood's breadth of knowledge of Kant's corpus, philosophical sharpness, and depth of reflection sheds light not only on Kant, but also on the fate of religion and its relation to philosophy in the modern world.
III – COMPLETENESS PROPERTIES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the completeness properties of the real number system. Completeness axiom is that in the real number system every nonempty set of numbers bounded above has a least upper bound, or supremum. A set of elements that can be put into a one-to-one correspondence with the positive integers is said to countable, or denumerable. The completeness axiom for real numbers depends on an order relation (“ < ” or “ ≤ ”) which is one of the features of real numbers but is not present in all linear spaces. The chapter also discusses that for the real number system there are two equivalent conditions for completeness. It explains that a normed linear space is complete only if every Cauchy sequence converges to an element in the space. The chapter further discusses completeness of sequence spaces.
Advocating for Children During the COVID-19 School Closures.

* Abbreviations: COVID-19 — : coronavirus disease SNAP — : Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Nationwide closures of elementary and secondary schools due to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have severed nearly 60 million students from critical educational and health resources. As the impact of COVID-19 unfolds, pandemic-related trauma and economic instability will disproportionately impact children in poverty, who most heavily rely on school-based services for nutritional, physical, and mental health needs. Yet amid months of public health and political discourse and the passage of 4 federal relief bills, including the historically unmatched $2 trillion Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, measures to mitigate risk for educational and health disparities among children have been woefully lacking. Beyond provision of clinical and infection control guidance, the pediatric community must advocate for stronger action to ensure the educational, nutritional, physical, and mental health needs of children are met during periods of school closures and addressed during plans for reopening (Table 1). View this table: TABLE 1 Pediatric advocacy suggestions, tools, and resources. Action is needed to offset the risk for educational losses among all children as well as exacerbated educational disparities among children in poverty. Unforeseen extended school closures can lead to lower test scores, lower educational attainment, and decreased earning potential.1 During closures, students need reliable access to technology, a stable learning environment, and parents with the necessary time and skills to support for remote learning. Although remote learning presents a challenge for all families, those in poverty are at greater … Address correspondence to Abbey R. Masonbrink, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gilham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108. E-mail: armasonbrink{at}cmh.edu
Glycemic variability in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: An integrative review.

Abstract Purpose Glycemic variability is associated with risks for adverse events in patients with cancer. Several studies have evaluated the presence and impact of hyperglycemia and/or hypoglycemia in patients with cancer; however, few studies have evaluated glycemic variability. The purpose of this integrative review of studies in patients with gastrointestinal cancers was to investigate the presence and methods of reporting glycemic variability during and following treatments. Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for publications between 1/1/1969 and 7/24/2019. Studies of patients with gastrointestinal cancer following surgery, during treatment, and Results Among 1526 patients with gastrointestinal cancer across 19 studies, gastric and pancreatic cancers were most prevalent. Timing of glucose testing and methods of analyzing glycemic variability varied. Most analyses used the standard deviation or interquartile range. Glycemic variability was more prevalent among patients with Type 2 Diabetes and among those with pancreatic cancer. In some patients glycemic variability remained notable > one year following surgery despite improvements in glycemic control. Conclusion Patients with gastrointestinal cancer experience glycemic variability during and up to one year following treatment. There was heterogeneity in methods related to timing of testing and reporting glycemic variability among the 19 studies in this review. Future investigations need to identify the presence and define the methods of measuring glycemic variability in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
COVID-19: Las múltiples vulnerabilidades del sector externo de América Latina y el Caribe frente a la crisis sanitaria

Esta nota de analisis pretende dar un panorama sobre los canales de transmision del impacto economico de la crisis sanitaria provocada por la pandemia del CO-VID-19 a los fl ujos comerciales de America Latina y el Caribe. Se examinan tres vias de contagio: la demanda, los terminos de intercambio y la oferta, identifi cando los niveles de vulnerabilidad de la region en cada uno. Finalmente, se analizan las politicas comerciales que se han aplicado como respuesta a la crisis sanitaria tanto en los paises de America Latina y el Caribe como en el resto del mundo, pero que podrian afectar a la region
Fluorescence-based Methods for the Study of Protein-Protein Interactions Modulated by Ligand Binding.

Background The growing evidence that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) not only form oligomers but that the oligomers also may modulate the receptor function provides a promising avenue in the area of drug design. Highly selective drugs targeting distinct oligomeric sub-states offer the potential to increase efficacy while reducing side effects. In this regard, determining the various oligomeric configurations and geometric sub-states of a membrane receptor is of utmost importance. Methods In this report, we have reviewed two techniques that have proven to be valuable in monitoring the quaternary structure of proteins in vivo: Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectrometry and fluorescence intensity fluctuation (FIF) spectrometry. In FRET spectrometry, distributions of pixel-level FRET efficiency are analyzed using theoretical models of various quaternary structures to determine the geometry and stoichiometry of protein oligomers. In FIF spectrometry, spatial fluctuations of fluorescent molecule intensities are analyzed to reveal quantitative information on the size and stability of protein oligomers. Results We demonstrate the application of these techniques to a number of different fluorescence-based studies of cells expressing fluorescently labeled membrane receptors, both in the presence and absence of various ligands. The results show the effectiveness of using FRET spectrometry to determine detailed information regarding the quaternary structure receptors form, as well as FIF and FRET for determining the relative abundance of different-sized oligomers when an equilibrium forms between such structures. Conclusion FRET and FIF spectrometry are valuable techniques for characterizing membrane receptor oligomers, which are of great benefit to structure-based drug design.
An end-to-end distributed video analytics system using HEVC annotated regions SEI message

The HEVC Annotated Regions (AR) SEI message supports object tracking by carrying parameters defining rectangular bounding boxes with unique object identifiers, time-aligned within a video bitstream. An end-to-end distributed video analytics pipeline utilizing the AR SEI message within the GStreamer framework has been implemented, with an edge node and a cloud server node. At the edge, light-weight face detection is performed, and face region parameters are used to create the AR SEI message syntax within an HEVC bitstream. At the cloud server, face regions are extracted from the decoded video and age and gender classification is performed. The HEVC bitstream is updated to include additional metadata in the AR SEI message.
A case of isolated oculomotor nerve palsy in a girl

Isolated oculomotor nerve palsy is a rare clinical condition in children. We describe a case of 2-year-old female with no significant past medical problems who presented with acute onset pupil-sparing third nerve palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast revealed enhancement of the third nerve, but multiple investigations including spinal fluid analysis failed to identify the cause of her symptoms. Continued investigation of future cases and advancement in our understanding of the basic biology of the third nerve are needed to understand this rare condition.
R&D and Intangibles

Empirical studies have established that corporate intangibles assets such as Research and Development (R&D), employee satisfaction, firm reputation and celebrity status, are valued by market participants. R&D expenditures lead to higher future profitability and stock market investors price them positively. These investments do not appear to be superior since the average stock returns of R&D and non-R&D firms are comparable. However, portfolios of high R&D intensity and of large unexpected increases in R&D earn positive future abnormal returns. This has sparked an ongoing debate as to whether the abnormal returns represent investor mispricing or compensation for risk. Since R&D spending is treated as a period expense in the financial reports, the potential mispricing has also been attributed to the limited disclosures and accounting practiced. Financial analysts appear to play an important role in compensating for R&D-related financial reporting deficiencies but the compensation is far from complete. Successful R&D activity leads to patents which have also been shown to be positively associated with stock market values and future earnings. However, results show that neither analysts nor investors appear to fully understand the implications of patent information. Overall, there is a need for continued effort by policy makers to address intangibles-related information deficiencies. Keywords: RD RD RD intangibles; patents; market valuation; mispricing; risk; financial analysts; innovative efficiency
A constraint-based system for hiring and managing graduate teaching assistants

We have designed and implemented a system for the management of Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) in our department. The system is based on Constraint Processing techniques and is operated through web-based interfaces. The task is to assign GTAs, based on their qualifications, availability, and preferences, to academic tasks over a semester such as grading, supervising labs and recitations, and teaching introductory classes. Typically, every semester, the department has about 70 different academic tasks and can hire between 25 and 40 GTAs. The problem is often tight and sometimes over-constrained. In the past, this task has been performed manually by members of the staff and faculty. Tentative schedules were iteratively refined based on feedback from faculty and the GTAs themselves, in a tedious and error-prone process lingering over 3 weeks. We have built web-based interfaces to streamline the collection of data and specification of constraints.
The CLU mobility management scheme for digital cellular systems

A digital cellular system is divided into location areas and the movement of mobile users is tracked only when they cross from one location area to another. The system pages over an entire location area when it needs to find a mobile to terminate an incoming call. Most cellular systems use this basic mobility management scheme to track mobile locations, and attempt to optimize the size of the location areas versus the number of pages needed to locate a mobile. In this paper, we present a new mobility management scheme called cell location update (CLU) which informs each site of mobiles present in its coverage area. Paging to locate a mobile is done over a much smaller set of sites rather than an entire location area. This new scheme significantly reduces paging related traffic: up to 70% reduction in the case of iDEN, and up to 50% in the case of GSM. The number of corresponding location area updates is also reduced by about 40%.
The Problem of Anonymous Vanity Searches

This paper explores privacy problems related to search behavior conducted using public search engines. Specifically it exposes problems related to unintentional information leakage through a vanity search - which is a search for information about one's self. We begin by discussing recent events which have made this problem extremely topical. We introduce a number of existing technologies, such as Tor and TrackMeNot, that aim to protect users' privacy online and explain how each of these programs fails to protect users against the specific risks related to self-search. We highlight the inherent information asymmetry in the relationship between search engines and their users which makes it almost impossible to create cover traffic good enough to blend into. We conclude by exploring other avenues for protecting user privacy online.
Quality outcomes in group home dementia care for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background Dementia, as a public health challenge, is a phenomenon vexing many care organisations providing specialised residential and family supports for older adults with intellectual disabilities. With increasing survivorship to ages when risk is greatest, expectations are that many more adults in service will present with cognitive decline and diagnosed dementia as they grow older. As persons with dementia present with new needs, there is often a call for a reorientation of services. With respect to residential supports, agencies may need to adapt current methods of care, with particular attention to providing care in small group homes. However, dementia-related care also must be quality care and applicable standards need to be met. Method Reviewed were relevant policy and practice organisational guidelines and applied research literature addressing components of care and service provision that are critical to quality care and that were consistent with professional practice. Results Examined were the nuances and contributing factors of quality dementia care and it was proposed that quality of care criteria need to be universally applicable and serve as a framework for adapting extant residential environments and make them ‘dementia-capable’. Conclusions It is proposed that efforts to evaluate dementia-related care provision with respect to quality need to consider quality of care provision components such as (1) clinically relevant early and periodic assessment; (2) functional modifications in the living setting; (3) constructive staff education and functionality for stage-adapted care; and (4) flexible long-term services provision that recognises and plans for progression of decline and loss of function.