cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
169 P53 Deficiency Prevents oxygen-induced MESENCHYMAL THICKENING IN mice.

Background Uteroplacental insufficiency in humans is a common prenatal insult that leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), prolonged need for supplemental oxygen, and a predisposition toward dysregulated alveolar formation. Dysregulation of alveolar formation is manifest morphologically by thickened mesenchyme. Using our rat model of uteroplacental insufficiency-induced IUGR, we have previously presented that IUGR increases both perinatal and postnatal pulmonary p53 gene expression in association with dysregulated alveolar formation. p53 is a well studied transcription factor that regulates apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, key processes in alveolar formation. Objective With the objective of demonstrating that p53 plays a pivotal role in the dysregulation of alveolar formation, we hypothesized that p53 deficiency blunts the developing lungs9 response to hyperoxic stress. Methods To test this hypothesis, we used the transgenic mice that are p53 deficiency: (C.129S2(B6)-Trp53tm1Tyj/j). To determine if p53 mRNA expression is different in the lungs of p53 transgenic mice, real-time RT-PCR was performed on p53 +/+, +/-, and -/- mouse lungs. In order to evaluate oxygen-induced changes lung histology and morphometry in a developing mouse lung in a p53 dose-dependent manner, p53 transgenic mice (+/+, +/-, -/-) and their dams were exposed to 60% oxygen from DOL 3 to DOL 6, corresponding to initiation of alveolar formation. Lungs were isolated at DOL 21, and morphometric analysis was performed to assess the extent of oxygen-induced alveolar dysregulation (n = 3 litters). Results We found that p53 -/- lungs contained 3% of the p53 mRNA contained in +/+ lungs, and that p53 +/- lungs contained 41% of the p53 mRNA contained in the +/+ lungs. 60% oxygen increased mesenchyme thickness of the +/- p53 mice (1.70 ± 0.10 μm), whereas the p53 deficiency resulted in a significant decrease in mesenchyme thickness (1.55 ± 0.11* μm; p Conclusion We have previously demonstrated that IUGR affects epigenetic characteristics of the p53 gene and causes a persistent increase in p53 gene expression in the IUGR model of dysregulated alveolar formation. We now find that lack of p53 protects the developing lung from oxygen-induced mesenchymal thickening in these transgenic mice. We speculate that p53 plays a pivotal role in the developing lung9s response to stress. University of Utah CHRC and the CHRCDA.
Critical Race Parenting: Understanding Scholarship/Activism in Parenting Our Children

Parenting is often discussed in the field of education, but frequently in terms of family or community deficiency, rather than strengths (Bonilla Silva, 2006; Few, 2007), particularly when communities of color are being examined. In this conceptual article, we advocate for the use of critical race theory (CRT) in discussions of parenting and utilize counterstorytelling to validate the lived experiences of parents like ourselves, who are critical race scholars as well as mothers of children of color. Our counterstories will be embedded throughout the discussion as a way to highlight the relationships between academic research and lived experience. Through reviews of academic research and counterstorytelling, we explain the relevance of critical race parenting and the ways in which the inclusion of CRT can support more historically situated, contextual, and complex engagements with the interplay between race and parenting of children of color.
Effects of selectively produced changes in cardiac rhythm or conduction upon flow in the superior vena cava.

The effects of changes in cardiac rhythm or condution on the rate of volume flow in the superior vena cava (SVC) were studied in 25 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Slowing of sinus rate from 145 ± 16 to 114 ± 12 beats/min was achieved by selective perfusion of Ringer's solution into the sinus node artery. During sinus slowing there was a continuous change in the systolic-diastolic flow ratio measured in the SVC. At control sinus rate (net), total forward flow as 6.3 ml/beat with a systolic volume of 6.5 ml and a diastolic volume of -0.2 ml. At the slowest bradycardia, total forward flow had increased by 25%. Since there was no significant change in the systolic volume, the entire 25% increase in forward flow occurred during ventricular diastole. During atrioventricular (AV) block (second-degree or complete), achieved by selective perfusion of eserine into the AV node artery, unimpaired acceleration of flow was readily demonstrable in the SVC even in the absence of ventricular contraction. Thus systolic ventricular suction (vis a fronte) has little or no effect on right atrial filling. During high-degree AV block, the normal atrial contraction readily opened the tricuspid valve, and when both atrium and ventricle were filled to or near maximum capacity, atrial contraction was consistently vigorous enough to propel blood into the pulmonary artery. Given appropriate hemodynamic circumstances, these results confirm the remarkable effectiveness of right atrial contractile performance.
Visualizing Forensic Publication Impacts and Collaborations: Presenting at a Scientific Venue Leads to Increased Collaborations between Researchers and Information Professionals

The Information Services Office (ISO) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) proactively sought out an opportunity to present the findings of a study that showed the impact of NIST's forensic research output to its internal customers and outside researchers. ISO analyzed the impact of NIST's contributions to the peer-reviewed forensic journal literature through citation analysis and network visualizations. The findings of this study were compiled into a poster that was presented during the Forensics@NIST Symposium in December 2014. ISO's study informed the forensic research community where NIST has had some of the greatest scholarly impact. This paper describes the methodology used to assess the impact of NIST's forensic publications and shares the results, outcomes, and impacts of ISO's study and poster presentation. This methodology is adaptable and applicable to other research fields and to other libraries. It has improved the recognition of ISO's capabilities within NIST and resulted in application of the methodology to additional scientific disciplines.
Application of Research Paradigms to Nutrition Practice

Biological fields, including nutrition, are constantly evolving as a result of new discoveries. New findings, in turn, fuel changes to how, when, and with whom nutrition research is conducted and applied to clinical practice and populations. Nutrition researchers and practitioners can strengthen their positions in health research through being familiar with the models of research promoted and conducted across the spectrum of health fields. This chapter provides a brief overview of research models that encompass a variety of research methodologies and disciplines, such as evidence-based practice, translational research, and community-based participatory research. Examples relevant to nutrition are provided.
The Market's Reaction to Changes at the Employee Level: Evidence from the Boston Celtics

Using data on the National Basketball Association’s (NBA) Boston Celtics, which traded on the New York Stock Exchange from 1986 to 1998, I investigate the effect of changes in labor on stock prices. Several findings emerge. The market positively values a top-level education when hiring inexperienced employees. The market punishes firms that dismiss employees with many years of professional experience. The results of this study are generalizable to traditional firms.
Digital knowledge technologies in planning practice: from black boxes to media for collaborative inquiry

AbstractDigital knowledge technologies such as urban computer models, geographic information systems, and planning support systems are often critiqued as black boxes whose use in planning results in the domination of expert views over stakeholder perspectives. These concerns are not adequately addressed by collaborative planning theory, which reflects Habermas’s problematic assumption that technology is primarily associated with instrumental rationality. Within the realm of planning discussion Habermas’s concept of media provides a description of how to draw insights from technologies while minimizing their potential for oppression. However, conducting democratic inquiry with knowledge technologies requires moving beyond discourse ethics and fostering critical interaction between technology creators and planning stakeholders, where choices about the process, goals and scope, representation, and epistemic norms are made jointly. These ideas are illustrated with three examples of knowledge technologies used...
Normality: Part descriptive, part prescriptive.

Abstract People’s beliefs about normality play an important role in many aspects of cognition and life (e.g., causal cognition, linguistic semantics, cooperative behavior). But how do people determine what sorts of things are normal in the first place? Past research has studied both people’s representations of statistical norms (e.g., the average) and their representations of prescriptive norms (e.g., the ideal). Four studies suggest that people’s notion of normality incorporates both of these types of norms. In particular, people’s representations of what is normal were found to be influenced both by what they believed to be descriptively average and by what they believed to be prescriptively ideal. This is shown across three domains: people’s use of the word “normal” (Study 1), their use of gradable adjectives (Study 2), and their judgments of concept prototypicality (Study 3). A final study investigated the learning of normality for a novel category, showing that people actively combine statistical and prescriptive information they have learned into an undifferentiated notion of what is normal (Study 4). Taken together, these findings may help to explain how moral norms impact the acquisition of normality and, conversely, how normality impacts the acquisition of moral norms.
Interdiffusion of small molecules into a glassy polymer film via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract The interdiffusion of the C8, the C9 and the C10 aldehyde molecules into a glassy uncrosslinked polymer film composed of four components is studied by using coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics simulations. Effects of the aldehyde molecule size, water and temperature on the interdiffusion processes are probed. It is found that (i) the interdiffusion generally follows the smaller-the faster rule with the smallest C8 aldehydes diffusing fastest into the polymeric film, (ii) the water molecules significantly affect the adsorption and the initial interdiffusion of the aldehyde molecules onto/into the polymer film, (iii) the interdiffusions are strongly temperature dependent as the higher temperature enhances the initial dynamics of the aldehyde-polymer systems, (iv) the computed aldehydes diffusivities are highly concentration-dependent and increase with an increase in the concentration, and (v) the aldehydes density profiles scale as t 0.5 in the polymer-rich regions, and are well described by the Fickian diffusion with a constant diffusivity. Here t is the time of diffusion. Even though only relative values of the diffusivity coefficients can be predicted via the CG simulations, this work suggests that this approach is very useful in guiding the design and the selection of polymeric films with a tailored barrier property. Furthermore, it enables one to analyze small molecules-polymer interdiffusions into a polymeric film that is difficult to study experimentally but is of technological importance.
Costimulation of human natural killer cell proliferation: role of accessory cytokines and cell contact-dependent signals.

Abstract Despite the importance of natural killer (NK) cells in the immune response, the regulation of human NK cell growth has not been well characterized. We have hypothesized that, similar to the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, optimal proliferation of NK cells requires costimulatory signals as well as a primary mitogenic stimulus. Evidence for costimulation by both soluble cytokines and cell contact-dependent factors is presented. Soluble IL-1 and TNF were found to augment NK cell proliferation in response to primary mitogenic cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, and IL-12. The costimulatory effect of IL-1 and TNF is strongly enhanced by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Coculture of NK cells with irradiated K562 cells can largely substitute for the costimulatory signal provided by ionomycin. Costimulation by K562 requires intimate cell contact and is not reconstituted by cell-free supernatants. Activated T lymphocytes can also mediate contact-dependent costimulation of NK cells; resting PBMC, several NK-sensitive cell lines, and all NK-resistant cell lines tested were not found to be costimulatory. Engagement of CD16 did not augment NK cell proliferation. Thus, triggering of natural killing or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) does not consistently provide a costimulatory signal for NK cell proliferation. Cell contact-dependent costimulation of NK cells does not appear to involve known receptors that can costimulate T cells, including CD2, CD27, CD28, CD29, or LFA-1. The molecular nature of the putative NK cell costimulatory receptor remains to be elucidated. Nevertheless, human NK cells could be expanded in vitro using leukocyte-conditioned medium (LCM) as a source of IL-2 and accessory cytokines and ionomycin to bypass the putative receptor for cell contact-dependent costimulation. NK cells expanded in LCM and ionomycin express typical NK cell antigens and mediate natural killing and ADCC. Further characterization of the costimulatory signals for NK cell proliferation may elucidate the physiologic regulation of NK cell growth and may ultimately allow more effective manipulation of these lymphocytes in the immunotherapy of human diseases.
Simulations of spatial dynamics in vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays

The transverse mode dynamics of vertical cavity laser arrays (VCSEL) are modeled by an approximation to the Maxwell-Semiconductor Bloch equations. The interaction between array elements as a function of their separation is studied.
Performing ‘L-ʿalwa’: a sacred and erotic journey in Morocco

ABSTRACT‘L-ʿalwa’, a sung poem whose text recounts the pilgrimage to a saint’s shrine in Morocco, is celebrated for its ability to convey images and emotions stirred up by the sacred journey. As part of the repertory of ʿaiṭa—a genre of sung poetry from the Moroccan plains and plateaus traditionally performed by professional female singer-dancers [shikhat] and nowadays categorised as popular music [shʿabi]—‘L-ʿalwa’ presents an interesting case study through which it is possible to analyse the porosity between local constructions of the sacred and the secular in relation to a genre which is not explicitly associated with the sacred or with sacred performances. My analysis of salient moments of a performance of ‘L-ʿalwa’ at a wedding celebration in Morocco explores how the shikhat move across the sacred and the secular, and the central role that eroticism [ghram or mshka] plays in the porosity between these categories in performance.
Magnetic response of brickwork artificial spin ice

We have investigated the response of brickwork artificial spin ice to an applied in-plane magnetic field through magnetic force microscopy, magnetotransport measurements, and micromagnetic simulations. We find that, by sweeping an in-plane applied field from saturation to zero in a narrow range of angles near one of the principal axes of the lattice, the moments of the system fall into an antiferromagnetic ground state in both connected and disconnected structures. Magnetotransport measurements of the connected lattice exhibit unique signatures of this ground state. Also, modeling of the magnetotransport demonstrates that the signal arises at vertex regions in the structure, confirming behavior that was previously seen in transport studies of kagome artificial spin ice.
Abstract 517: Ubiquitylation of G Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 (GRK4) Regulates its Localization and Abundance

The dopamine-1 receptor (D 1 R) is responsible for regulating up to 60% of natriuresis in the kidney under sodium loaded conditions. G protein coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) phosphorylates the D 1 R and reduces its membrane expression, but little is known about regulation of GRK4. We hypothesized that GRK4 is targeted for elimination through ubiquitylation. Using D 1 R and GRK4γ stably transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), we demonstrated GRK4 and ubiquitin coimmunoprecipitation. Addition of clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone (CLBL, an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome) increased GRK4 expression levels (western blot) using two different GRK4 fusion protein constructs. The addition of CLBL (10 μmol/L, 24 hrs) increased the expression of both a tandem affinity tagged (tap-tag) GRK4 fusion construct (2.65±0.19 fold over vehicle (VEH): VEH 4,010±404 RFU; CLBL 10,626±744 RFU, P Ub K Ub LQKK) are located near the nuclear localization signal (AA 219-228; QKKRIKKRK) in GRK4. We therefore examined the subcellular localization of GRK4 after CLBL treatment. Nuclear accumulation of the GRK4-mCherry fusion protein fluorescence decreased markedly while cytoplasmic GRK4-mCherry fluorescence increased (nuclear to cytoplasmic GRK4 ratio: VEH 1.18±0.09 RFU; CLBL 0.78±0.03 RFU, P
Interferon gamma is involved in Borrelia-induced arthritis in mice lacking interleukin-17 (MPF7P.702)

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been shown to participate in the development of Lyme arthritis. Neutralization of IL-17 with antibodies inhibits the progression of arthritis in immunocompetent mice. Our study is the first to examine if Borrelia -induced arthritis occurs with IL-17-deficiency. We hypothesized that mice lacking IL-17 would have low to no Borrelia -induced arthritic symptoms. IL-17 knockout C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with heat-inactivated Borrelia and/or infected with live spirochetes. Hind paw swelling, histopathology of ankle joints, serum cytokine levels, and T cell populations in tissues were measured. We found insignificant hind paw swelling and pathological changes in mice that were only vaccinated or infected when compared to control naive mice, due to the Borrelia -resistant C57BL/6 background. However, mice that were both vaccinated and infected had more severe swelling and pathological changes, eliciting a robust immune response disregarding resistance. Also, elevated serum interferon gamma (IFNγ) levels and increasing frequencies of IFNγ-expressing lymphocytes with CD4 or CD8 were also observed in Borrelia -vaccinated and -infected mice. Therefore in these mice, IFNγ is directly involved in Borrelia -induced arthritis without IL-17. Future studies include identifying the role of IFNγ and other understudied IFNγ-expressing immune cells that induce Lyme arthritis in the absence of IL-17.
Risk and Protective Factors of Foster Care Reentry: An Examination of the Literature

ABSTRACTReunification with family is a primary goal in child welfare. However, some children re-enter foster care after reunification, which disrupts the continuity of their care and can impact their cognitive and social development. Using an ecological framework, this systematic review of the literature highlights the risk and protective factors of reentry. Key risk factors included child emotional and behavioral challenges, parental substance abuse, and short lengths of stay in foster care. Protective factors included placement with kin, social support, effective implementation of risk and safety assessments, and targeted pre- and post-reunification services. Understanding who is at greater risk and identifying points of intervention can help child welfare agencies develop, target, and evaluate their services more effectively. As new interventions develop, there is a great need for more research to evaluate their effectiveness and to scale-up evidence-informed practices that can help to prevent reentry ...
A Transparent Approach for Database Schema Evolution Using View Mechanism

Designing databases that evolve over time is still a major problem today. The database schema is assumed to be stable enough to remain valid even as the modeled environment changes. However, the database administrators are faced with the necessity of changing something in the overall configuration of the database schema. Even though some approaches proposed are provided in current database systems, schema evolution remains an error-prone and time-consuming undertaking. We propose an on-demand transparent solution to overcome the schema evolution, which usually impacts existing applications/queries that have been written against the schema. In order to improve the performance of our approach, we optimize our approach with mapping composition. To this end, we show that our approach has a better potential than traditional schema evolution technique. Our approach, as suggested by experimental evaluation, is much more efficient than the other schema evolution techniques.
Talking with the Muslim World

The struggle against terrorism in the Middle East has led to a quest to find ways to counter the appeal of violent extremists. Thus far, US counter-messaging has failed to articulate a normative position that is responsive to the deeply-held beliefs of the majority of the world’s Muslims. To form a sounder approach, one must acknowledge that there are two fundamentally different interpretations of Islam, both of which are supported by a close reading of the Qur’an and major texts. This chapter shows that the promotion of secular liberal ideals—human rights, democracy, free markets, etc.—is not a suitable response to extremist messaging because while most Muslims are not extreme, they are also not liberal. It then explains the reasons behind the US’s previous failure to clearly articulate its message. The chapter finally raises the question of which messenger is best equipped to promote the normative message and what steps are required to lift the chosen agent to the needed scale.
Ecosystem-based fisheries management: Perception on definitions, implementations, and aspirations

Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) was developed to move beyond single species management by incorporating ecosystem considerations for the sustainable utilization of marine resources. Due to the wide range of fishery characteristics, including different goals of fisheries management across regions and species, theoretical best practices for EBFM vary greatly. Here we highlight the lack of consensus in the interpretation of EBFM amongst professionals in marine science and its implementation. Fisheries policy-makers and managers, stock assessment scientists, conservationists, and ecologists had very different opinions on the degree to which certain management strategies would be considered EBFM. We then assess the variability of the implementation of EBFM, where we created a checklist of characteristics typifying EBFM and scored fisheries across different regions, species, ecosystems, and fishery size and capacity. Our assessments show fisheries are unlikely to meet all the criteria on the EBFM checklist. Consequentially, it is unnecessary for management to practice all the traits of EBFM, as some may be disparate from the ecosystem attributes or fishery goals. Instead, incorporating some ecosystem-based considerations to fisheries management that are context-specific is a more realistic and useful way for EBFM to occur in practice.
The effects of crystalline anisotrophy and buoyancy-driven convection on morphological stability

The effect of anisotropy of thermal conductivity and buoyancy-driven convection on morphological stability during directional solidification of a binary alloy is considered. Results are presented for dilute alloys of indium in tin. The onset of instability depends on crystallographic orientation, and can be oscillatory in time under certain conditions. Buoyancy-driven flow can result in a long wavelength instability that enhances morphological instability.
Probabilistic learning in Bayesian and stochastic neural networks

The goal of this research is to integrate aspects of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with symbolic machine learning methods in a probabilistic reasoning framework. Improved understanding of the semantics of neural nets supports principled integration efforts between seminumerical (so-called "subsymbolic") and symbolic intelligent systems. My dissertation focuses on learning of spatiotemporal (ST) sequences. In recent work, I have investigated architectures for modeling of ST sequences, and dualities between Bayesian networks and ANNs that expose their probabilistic and information theoretic foundations. In addition, I am developing algorithms for automated construction of Bayesian networks (and hybrid models); metrics for comparison of Bayesian networks across architectures; and a quantitative theory of feature construction (in the spirit of the PAC formalism from computational learning theory) for this learning environment. (Haussler 1988) Such methods for pattern prediction will be useful for building advanced knowledge based systems, with diagnostic applications such as intelligent monitoring tools.
An Adaptive Proportional BCI-Controller for Linear Dynamic Systems

Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) have attracted great attention for human computer interaction. In BCIs that are based on electroencephalography (EEG), low signal-to-noise ratio causes user intent inference to be error-prone and uncertain. Thus, the control of such systems becomes a challenging task. This paper presents an adaptive proportional BCI controller for linear dynamical systems. An approach to optimize the closed-loop control performance of dynamic systems driven by probabilistic desired/reference inputs is illustrated by designing an adaptive proportional controller that exerts forces on a mass moving linearly in one dimensional space, where the user intent is inferred by an EEG-based BCI. The BCI provides a continuous-valued output by fusing all available EEG evidence; the adaptive proportional controller optimally selects a time-varying gain that considers prior/context knowledge of user intent/environment and the probabilistic error characteristics of the BCI in inferring user intent. Such an adaptive controller that considers human-intent-inference error statistics in human-in-the-loop control systems, especially relevant for BCI-based user intent inference where accuracies may be low, improves overall closed-loop system performance measured by mean-squared tracking error. The performance of the proposed BCI-controller has been evaluated by computer simulations using code based visual evoked potentials (c-VEPs). The employed datasets were collected from healthy individuals between 20 and 30 years old with normal or corrected normal vision during calibration sessions for BCI. Results indicate that this adaptive control scheme is particularly beneficial for users with poor BCI performance.
Sex Differences in Resting Metabolic Rate Among Athletes

Jagim, AR, Camic, CL, Askow, A, Luedke, J, Erickson, J, Kerksick, CM, Jones, MT, and Oliver, JM. Sex differences in resting metabolic rate among athletes. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3008-3014, 2019-The purpose of this study was to compare differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) between sexes in Division III National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) collegiate athletes and to identify predictors of RMR. Sixty-eight male (M) (age: 20.1 ± 1.5 years; height: 181.8 ± 5.9 cm; body mass (BM): 93.7 ± 16.3 kg; and body fat%: 16.3 ± 8.6%) and 48 female (F) athletes (age: 19.4 ± 1.3 years; height: 166.5 ± 6.0 cm; BM: 63.4 ± 12.7 kg; and body fat%: 21.5 ± 6.3%) participated in a single day of testing, which included determination of RMR using indirect calorimetry and air displacement plethysmography to measure fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM). An independent-samples t-test was used to compare differences in body composition and RMR between sexes, and regression analysis was used to identify predictors of RMR. Men had a significantly higher absolute RMR (M: 2,481 ± 209 vs. F: 1,553 ± 193 kcals·d; p < 0.001), but when adjusted for BM (M: 25.6 ± 8.3 vs. F: 25.9 ± 2.5 kcals·kg BM per day; p = 0.82) and FFM (M: 31.1 ± 10.6 vs. F: 33.6 ± 3.8 kcals·kg FFM per day; p = 0.12), these differences became nonsignificant. Regression analysis indicated that BM in both men (β = 0.73) and women (β = 0.88) was the strongest predictor of RMR. The results of the current study indicate minimal differences in RMR between sexes among athletic populations when adjusted for BM and FFM. In the current group of athletes, BM seems to account for the largest variability in RMR.
Cast immobilisation for the treatment of paediatric distal radius fracture: fibreglass versus polyolefin.

Introduction Stable distal radius fractures in children are frequently treated by immobilisation with a cast and heal readily without complications. This randomised clinical trial aimed to assess patient satisfaction and casting-related clinical outcomes when using polyolefin cast, a new cast material, compared to the conventional fibreglass cast. Methods A total of 80 patients (age range 7-16 years) with radiograph-confirmed stable distal radius fractures were recruited. They were randomised to either the fibreglass group or polyolefin group, with short arm cast immobilisation for 20-30 days. After cast removal, the incidence of skin rash, growth of hair and cast breakage was recorded along with the administration of patient satisfaction questionnaires. Mann-Whitney U test or Fisher's exact test was applied to compare results. Results Overall, 34 patients from the fibreglass group and 31 patients from the polyolefin group were included in the final analysis. Significantly fewer patients from the polyolefin group reported itchiness during the casting period (p = 0.038). However, significantly more cast breakages were observed for the polyolefin group in the palmar bar region (p = 0.009). Patients from the polyolefin group were overall more satisfied (fibreglass group = 3.15/5 vs. polyolefin group = 3.74/5; p = 0.002). Conclusion Polyolefin cast reduces itchiness during casting and provides higher overall patient satisfaction during the treatment of stable distal radius fractures in children in tropical climates. However, patients should be counselled regarding potential cast breakage, which did not compromise safety, and the higher costs involved.
Ethnoracial Attitudes and Identity-Salient Experiences Among Indigenous Mexican Adolescents and Emerging Adults:

This interdisciplinary study drew on Critical Latinx Indigeneities and Nigrescence Theory to conduct a mixed-method analysis of the ethnoracial attitudes and identity-salient experiences of Indigen...
Comparative mechanical, morphological, and microstructural characterization of porcine mitral and tricuspid leaflets and chordae tendineae

Abstract Background Healthy function of tricuspid valve (TV) structures is essential to avoid tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and may significantly improve disease prognosis. Mitral valve (MV) structures have been extensively studied, but little is known about the TV and right-sided heart diseases. Therefore, clinical decisions and finite element (FE) simulations often rely heavily on MV data for TV applications, despite fundamentally different mechanical and physiological environments. Method/Results To bridge this gap, we performed a rigorous mechanical, morphological, and microstructural characterization of the MV and TV leaflets and chordae in a porcine model. Planar biaxial testing, uniaxial testing, second harmonic generation imaging and Verhoeff Van Gieson staining were performed. Morphological parameters, tissue moduli, extensibility, and anisotropy were quantified and compared. No major differences in leaflet mechanics or structure were found between TV and MV; chordal mechanics, morphology, and structure were found to compensate for anatomical and physiological loading differences between the valves. No differences in chordal mechanics were observed by insertion point within a leaflet; the septal tricuspid leaflet (STL) and posterior mitral leaflet (PML) did not have distinguishable strut chords, and the STL had the shortest chords. Within a valve, chords from septally-located leaflets were more extensible. MV chords were stiffer. Conclusions This study presents the first rigorous comparative mechanical and structural dataset of MV and TV structures. Valve type and anatomical location may be stronger predictors of chordal mechanics. Chords from septally-located leaflets differ from each other and from their intravalvular counterparts; they merit special consideration in surgical and computational applications. Statement of Significance A better understanding of the tricuspid valve (TV) and its associated structures is important for making advancements towards the repair of tricuspid regurgitation. Mitral valve structures have been extensively studied, but little is known about the TV and right-sided heart diseases. Clinical decisions and computational simulations often rely heavily on MV data for TV applications, despite fundamentally different environments. We therefore performed a rigorous mechanical, morphological, and microstructural characterization of atrioventricular leaflets and chordae tendineae in a porcine model. Finding that valve type and anatomical location may be strong predictors of chordal mechanics, chords from septally-located leaflets differ from each other and from their intravalvular counterparts; they merit special consideration in surgical and computational applications.
Evaluation of not-at-fault assumption in quasi-induced exposure method using traffic crash data at varied geographical levels

Acquiring real-world driver distribution data on roadways is a challenge. The quasi-induced exposure (QIE) method is a promising alternative as it only requires the available crash data. The questi...
Enabling Fast Exploratory Analyses Over Voluminous Spatiotemporal Data Using Analytical Engines

Fueled by the proliferation of IoT devices and increased adoption of sensing environments the collection of spatiotemporal data has exploded in recent years. Disk based storage systems provide reliable archives but are far too slow for efficient analytics and spatiotemporal datasets quickly exceed the memory capacity of cluster environments. Current solutions focused on in-memory analytics suffer from memory contention and unnecessary network I/O, failing to provide a suitable platform for iterative, exploratory analytics in shared environments. In this work we propose Anamnesis, the first in-memory, sketch aligned, HDFS compliant storage system. Data sketching algorithms reduce dataset sizes by summarizing feature values and inter-feature relationships. Anamnesis leverages data sketches to alleviate memory contention and vastly reduce network I/O during analytics. Upon request, we generate accurate full-resolution datasets with negligible resource and time costs. Datasets are available using a fully HDFS compliant interface allowing Anamnesis to achieve unprecedented compatibility with popular analytics engines. This facilitates adoption into existing workflows by serving as a "drop-in" replacement for canonical HDFS. We evaluate the system using 2 spatiotemporal datasets, a variety of popular analytics engines, and real-world analytical operations.
Genetics of diabetic retinopathy

Abstract Diabetic retinopathy is a complex disease, with both genetic and environmental contributing factors. Several approaches have been used to identify genetic determinants, including genetic linkage analysis, candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies, and whole-exome sequencing. In addition, epigenetic factors and mitochondrial genes have been implicated. At this time, there are no validated associations that may be used in clinical care. However, these findings increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and potentially lead to new drug targets.
College Administrators’ Beliefs and Perceptions of College Students with Criminal Records

With hardly any empirical research investigating how others view college students with criminal records (CSCRs) in education, this study seeks to contribute to the literature. Particularly, the res...
Pharmacological challenges examining the underlying mechanism of altered response inhibition and attention due to circadian disruption in adult Long-Evans rats.

Abstract Endogenous circadian rhythms govern behavior and physiology, while circadian disruption is an environmental factor that impacts cognition by altering the circadian clock at a molecular level. We modeled the effects of 2 sources of circadian disruption – activity occurring during typical rest periods and untimely light exposure – to evaluate the effects of circadian disruption on behavior and underlying neurochemistry. Firstly, adult Long-Evans rats of both sexes were maintained on a 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle and tested using a 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) under 3 conditions: 4 h into the dark phase with no exposure to ambient light during testing (control), 4 h into the dark phase with exposure to ambient light during testing, and 4 h into the light phase. Both models resulted in impulsive behavior and reduced attention compared to control. We established that changes in the diurnal expression pattern occur in the clock gene Period 2 (Per2) in the light phase-tested model. Choline acetyltransferase (Chat) and Dopamine receptor 1 (Drd1) showed rhythmic expression with peak expression during the dark phase regardless of light-testing condition. Next, we performed drug challenges in a new rat cohort to examine the interaction between the cholinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in regulating the behavioral changes caused by circadian disruption. We administered the cholinergic agonist nicotine and either the dopamine-1 receptor (DR1) antagonist SCH23390 or the DR2 antagonist eticlopride under the 3 circadian conditions to identify differential drug responses between treatment groups. Rats in both models demonstrated increased sensitivity to nicotine as compared to control, while SCH23390 and eticlopride ameliorated the effect of nicotine on 5-CSRTT performance in both models. Our study is the first to identify detrimental effects of both models of circadian disruption on impulsive behavior, and that the effects of circadian disruption are mediated by an interaction between cholinergic and dopaminergic systems.
Using a tele-oncology service provides a direct benefit to patients and caregivers in rural communities in the Intermountain West.

e14153Background: Cancer treatment is becoming more complex, necessitating subspecialty expertise and multidisciplinary approaches to treatment planning. Simultaneously, there is increasing demand ...
On the effect of the Chinese version of speedy trial and Plea bargaining pilot programs: observation from DUI cases in Fujian Province

Plea Bargaining is a central feature of the American criminal justice system. However, it did not exist in China until recently. In order to deal with caseload pressures and optimize legal resources, China started its own version of speedy trial and plea bargaining programs in 2014 and then expanded these two programs to national practice in 2018. Using a unique experiment conducted by the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate in China, I applied a difference-in-differences design to evaluate the reforms using data on 19,955 DUI cases tried in a pilot city and a control city located in Fujian Province, China. My results show that these programs helped to shorten the criminal disposition time in the pilot city. However, there is little evidence to support the proposition that speedy trials and plea bargaining resulted in leniency for defendants as measured by probation decisions as well as sentences that defendants served in jail. Finally, empirical results show that victims were less likely to be compensated after these two programs were carried out.
Dark Ground and Unconscious in Schelling and Freud

This review-essay explores the subtle and crucial relation between Schelling’s thinking of the dark ground and Freud’s construal of the unconscious in Teresa Fenichel’s provocative new work.
Remote Control of iOS Devices via Accessibility Features

This paper presents an approach for remotely accessing and controlling mobile apps by leveraging a mobile platform's publicly exported accessibility features. This approach is implemented in a technique and accompanying tool called AirMochi. While AirMochi is designed to be platform-independent, our current implementation has focused on iOS, the significantly more challenging of the two dominant mobile platforms, for which access to apps' source code is generally not possible. We show that AirMochi places no restrictions on apps it can "plug into" and control, is able to handle a variety of scenarios, and imposes a negligible performance overhead.
Is primary total elbow arthroplasty appropriately compensated compared to other major total joint arthroplasty

Abstract Background Primary total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an uncommon operation and performed less frequently than total shoulder (TSA), knee (TKA), and hip (THA) arthroplasty. Despite lower implant survival rates and higher complications rates compared to TSA, TKA, and THA, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) have assigned similar work relative value unit (wRVU) allotments and estimated operative times across all 4 forms of major joint arthroplasty. In this study, we determine temporal trends in CMS wRVU allotments, and operative time estimates for these 4 surgeries and compare actual operative times and postoperative complication rates. Methods CMS wRVU allotments and estimated operative times were collected from all publicly available CMS publications for primary TEA, TSA, TKA, and TSA. We used the National Quality Improvement Program database from 2010 to 2017 to determine actual operative times for these surgeries. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to compare wRVU/h amongst the 4 surgeries, controlling for patient demographics, comorbidity, and hospital setting. Thirty-day complication rates were also compared. Results From 2012 to 2017, Medicare observed a 13% decline in total TEA procedures performed in comparison to a 70% increase for TSA and 29% increase in THA. The number of unique providers performing TEA declined (−6%) in comparison to a growth in surgeons performing TSA, TKA, and THA. TEA was associated with the longest operative time (152 ± 57 minutes, P Conclusion Despite similar wRVU assignments and operative time estimates for primary TEA, TSA, TKA, and THA; TEA is on average a longer surgery and carries a greater 30-day postoperative risk profile. Although CMS has assessed primary TEA to have similar work and time requirements compared to its counterparts, this procedure may be under-valued in comparison to other forms of major joint arthroplasty. Level of Evidence Level III; Economics.
How Do College Students Use Their Free Time? A Latent Profile Analysis of Leisure Activities and Substance Use

College is a critical period of transition to independence and the substantial amount of time that students have to participate in leisure activities may be conducive to substance use. However, lit...
The impact of an online stress intervention on burnout and teacher efficacy

Abstract The following study examines the impact of an online stress intervention on teacher burnout and teacher efficacy. Using a group experimental design, researchers tested the preliminary efficacy of the intervention: an online professional development program created for teachers that instructs coping strategies and promotes social-emotional competencies. Fifty-one teachers and classroom staff were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. After four weeks, participation in the program was associated with increases in coping practices, teacher efficacy, and personal accomplishment as well as decreases in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Implications for research and professional development are discussed.
Alternatives to Logistic Regression Models when Analyzing Cluster Randomized Trials with Binary Outcomes

Binary outcomes are often encountered when analyzing cluster randomized trials (CRTs). A common approach to obtaining the average treatment effect of an intervention may involve using a logistic regression model. We outline some interpretive and statistical challenges associated with using logistic regression and discuss two alternative/supplementary approaches for analyzing clustered data with binary outcomes: the linear probability model (LPM) and the modified Poisson regression model. In our simulation and applied example, all models use a standard error adjustment that is effective even if a low number of clusters is present. Simulation results show that both the LPM and modified Poisson regression models can provide unbiased point estimates with acceptable coverage and type I error rates even with as little as 20 clusters.
A Convolutional Neural Network-based Approach to Field Reconstruction

This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible. In many applications, the spatial distribution of a field needs to be carefully monitored to detect spikes, discontinuities or dangerous heterogeneities, but invasive monitoring approaches cannot be used. Besides, technical specifications about the process might not be available by preventing the adoption of an accurate model of the system. In this work, a physics-informed, data-driven algorithm that allows addressing these requirements is presented. The approach is based on the implementation of a boundary element method (BEM)-scheme within a convolutional neural network. Thanks to the capability of representing any continuous mathematical function with a reduced number of parameters, the network allows predicting the field value in any point of the domain, given the boundary conditions and few measurements within the domain. The proposed approach was applied to reconstruct a field described by the Helmholtz equation over a three-dimensional domain. A sensitivity analysis was also performed by investigating different physical conditions and different network configurations. Since the only assumption is the applicability of BEM, the current approach can be applied to the monitoring of a wide range of processes, from the localization of the source of pollutant within a water reservoir to the monitoring of the neutron flux in a nuclear reactor.
Optimal Allocation Of Trips To A Street Network

A discrete version of the maximum principle is applied to a multi-copy traffic assignment problem. This technique allows the use of nonlinear travel time-traffic volume relationships which are considered to be more realistic than the constant travel time relationship now generally used. The technique is demonstrated through the use of a prototype urban street and freeway network. The technique produces realistic results that achieve near minimal overall travel time on the network.
Key Concepts of Linear Algebra in R n

In this chapter we introduce the basic concepts of linear algebra. These ideas, namely linear independence, span, basis, and dimension, are crucial to all applications of this subject.