cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of protein and DNA-mediated contributions to cooperative assembly of protein-DNA complexes.

The cooperative assembly of protein-DNA complexes is a widespread phenomenon that is of particular significance to transcriptional regulation. Assembly of these complexes is controlled by the chemistry of the macromolecular interactions. In this sense, transcriptional regulation is a chemical issue. The purpose of this review is to present an analytical approach designed to understand this regulation from a chemical perspective. By investigating the solution interactions between all combinations of molecules, protein-protein, protein-ligand, and protein-DNA, and the interplay between them, it is possible to determine the relative free energies of the different configurations of the regulatory complex. This governs their distribution and thereby controls the biological activity. To illustrate the approach, we will address the molecular basis for cooperativity in the bacteriophage lambda, lysogenic-lytic switch mechanism, a system that has long served as a paradigm for gene regulation. The driving force for cooperativity in the assembly of gene regulatory complexes is generally thought to be provided by direct protein-protein interactions. However, other interactions mediated by both proteins and DNA are also involved and may be critical to the regulatory mechanism. We will review advances over the past several years in the application of biophysical chemical methods to investigate protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Many of these applications were first employed for the lambda system. In addition to describing the physical basis for the methods, we will focus on the unique information that can be gained and how to combine the information obtained from several techniques to develop a comprehensive view of the critical regulatory interactions.
Perineal hernia in the dog

The case records and owners of seventy–two dogs with perineal hernia seen at the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary Hospital were surveyed. The condition was seen in older male dogs, most of which presented with perineal swelling and straining to defaecate. Most dogs were treated by perineal herniorrhaphy. The incidence of recurrence in those dogs treated surgically was 46%. Recurrence was more common when the surgery had been performed by inexperienced surgeons, in those dogs which had been treated surgically elsewhere, and in those dogs in which the time period from surgery to survey was more than 1 year. Other complications occurring were wound infection, faecalincontinence, urinary problems and lameness. Most owners of dogs which were alive at the time of the survey were satisfied with the results of treatment. Castration had no effect on the incidence of recurrence or development of a hernia on the opposite side to that repaired initially. Resume. On a etudie les dossiers de soixante-douze chiens avec des nernies perineales, vus a l'Hopital veterinaire de l'Universite de Pennsylvanie. On a observe la condition chez des chiens males plus ages dont la plupart souffraient d'enflure perineale et devaient faire tous leurs efforts pour aller a la selle. La plupart des chiens ont ete traites par suture de hernie perineale. Le taux de recidive chez ces chiens traites par chirurgie, a ete de 46%. Les recidives ont ete plus communes quand la chirurgie a ete pratiquee par des chirurgiens peu experimentes, chez ces chiens traites par chirurgie ailleurs, et chez ceux pour lesauels le laps de temps d'une operation a une autre etait de plus d'un an. Une infection de la plaie, une incontinence de feces, des problemes urinaires et un etat de claudication se comptent parmi les complications survenues. La plupart des proprietaires dont les chiens etaient vivants au moment de cette etude ont ete satisfaits des resultats. La castration n'a pas eu d'effet sur la recidive ou le developpement d'une hernie du cote oppose de celle qui avait ete reparee auparavant. Zusammenfassung. Eine Aufzeichnung von Fallen mit perinealer Hernie in 72 Hunden, die man im Tierarztlichen Krankenhaus der Universitat von Pennsylvanien sah, wurde iiberblickt. Man fand den Zustand in alteren mannlichen Hunden, von denen die meisten perineale Sch-wellung und Anstrengung beim Dafazieren zeigten. Die neisten Hunde wurden durch perineale Bruchnaht behandelt. Der Vorfall von erneutem Auftreten dieser Beschwerden in jenen Hunden die chirurgisch behandelt wurden, war 46%. Emeutes Auftreten war haufiger, wenn die Operation von unerfahrenen Ghirurgen ausgefuhrt wurde, in den Hunden die anderswo chirurgisch behandelt waren und in Jenen Hunden, deren Zeitspanne von einer Operation zur anderen mehr als ein Jahr betrug. Andere Komplikationen die vorkamen ware Wundinfektion, Nichthalten-konnen des Kotes, urinare Probleme und Lahmheit. Die meisten Besitzer der Hunde die zur Zeit des Uberlicks am Leben waren, zeigten sich mit dem Ergebnis der Behandlung zufrieden.
Enhancing Accurate Identification of Food Insecurity Using Quality-Improvement Techniques

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Infants who live in households experiencing food insecurity are at risk for negative health and developmental outcomes. Despite large numbers of households within our population experiencing food insecurity, identification of household food insecurity during standard clinical care is rare. The objective of this study was to use quality-improvement methods to increase identification of household food insecurity by the second-year pediatric residents working in the Pediatric Primary Care Center from 1.9% to 15.0% within 6 months. A secondary aim was to increase the proportion of second-year pediatric residents identifying food insecurity. METHODS: A team was formed to identify key drivers thought to be critical to the process of identifying food insecurity during well-child care. This project addressed 5 key drivers and tested interventions based on these drivers over a 6-month period at a hospital-based primary care site that serves ∼15 000 children from underserved neighborhoods. Tests included implementing an evidence-based electronic screen for food insecurity, educational interventions to improve understanding of food insecurity, empowerment exercises targeting clinicians and families, and gaining buy-in and support from ancillary personnel. RESULTS: Implementation of these changes led to an increase in the identification rate of household food insecurity from 1.9% to 11.2% over the 6 months ( P < .01). The proportion of residents identifying food insecurity increased from 37.5% to 91.9% ( P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Application of quality-improvement methods in a primary care clinic increased ability to effectively screen and positively identify households with food insecurity in this population. * Abbreviations: CCHMC — : Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center EMR — : electronic medical record PL2 — : Pediatric Level 2 (second-year pediatric resident) PPCC — : Pediatric Primary Care Center PSDA — : plan-do-study-act QI — : quality improvement WCC — : well-child care
Gest: exploring gestural interactions

In this paper we describe the use of gesture based 'device interlinking' to achieve an enhanced user experience and optimize hardware utilization.
Measuring imaging ability: psychometric testing of the imaging ability questionnaire.

Imaging ability, defined as the ability to create vivid mental images and to experience those images as if they were almost real, has been suggested as a moderator in effective use of guided imagery for symptom relief. Persons with good imaging ability are thought to be more likely to succeed in relieving a symptom with guided imagery than persons with poor imaging ability. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of an instrument designed to measure imaging ability, the Imaging Ability Questionnaire (IAQ). A descriptive correlational design was used to conduct item analyses and explore psychometric properties of the IAQ. A total of 200 persons from the Midwest completed a 54-item version of the IAQ. Twenty-two items that failed to discriminate among levels of imaging ability were eliminated from the questionnaire. The final version of the IAQ contained 32 items and demonstrated good internal consistency (alpha =.93) and test-retest reliability (r =.92). Support for construct validity of the questionnaire was provided by demonstrating expected differences in IAQ score between persons for whom imagery worked and persons for whom imagery did not work. Future testing and use of the questionnaire in research and practice are discussed.
BAD BRAINS AND BAD EYES IN VERY LOW BIRTHWEIGHT (VLBW) PREMATURE INFANTS: IS THERE A CONNECTION? † 1153

BACKGROUND: VLBW premature infants are at high risk for developing cystic periventricular leukomalacia (CPVL), a powerful predictor of later cerebral palsy and cognitive deficits. This group of infants is also at high risk for developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and subsequent visual disturbances. To date there are no data assessing whether there is an association between these two disabling conditions. We performed this investigation to assess for any such relationship. METHODS: As part of a federally-funded project evaluating factors associated with brain injury in premature infants, we enrolled a cohort of 137 ventilated VLBW premature infants at high risk for brain injury. The infants were followed longitudinally for assessment of outcomes. Serial head ultrasounds were obtained during their neonatal courses. Starting at 4-6 weeks after birth, all survivors were examined for the presence and staging of ROP at regular intervals. Mild ROP was defined as stage 1 or 2, while moderate to severe ROP was defined as stage 3 or greater. RESULTS: 137 premature infants were enrolled. Mean gestational age was 27.3 weeks and mean birthweight was 1031 grams. 121 (88%) survived the neonatal hospitalizatation. A mean of 9.3 head ultrasounds were performed on each infant during the hospitalization. 38/137 (28%) of the infants were found to have CPVL. 19/137 (14%) were noted to have moderate to severe ROP. 9 of 19 (47%) infants with moderate to severe ROP had CPVL compared to 29/102 (28%) infants with either no ROP or mild ROP(P=0.1025). Post-hoc analysis revealed that for the number of infants in this cohort, there was only 50% power of detecting a difference between groups (ie, the number of at-risk infants was insufficient). CONCLUSION: There is a trend for infants with the worst ROP to have concomitant CPVL, an association which would be a harbinger for extremely poor neurodevelopmental outcome. If other investigations confirm this association, the information would be important in discussing prognosis with parents.
Transport properties of extended-s-state superconductors

Superconducting states with "extended s-wave" symmetry have been suggested in connection with recent ARPES experiments on BSCCO. In the presence of impurities, thermodynamic properties of such states reflect a residual density of states $N(0)$ for a range of concentrations. While properties reflecting $N(\omega)$ alone will be similar to those of d-wave states, transport measurements may be shown to qualitatively distinguish between the two. In contrast to the d-wave case with unitarity limit scattering, limiting low-temperature residual conductivities in the s-wave state are large and scale inversely with impurity concentration.
Experimental and numerical study of hydrogen addition in a natural gas heavy duty engine for a bus vehicle

Abstract Hydrogen added to natural gas improves the process of combustion with the possibility to develop engines with higher performance and lower environmental impact. In this paper experimental and numerical analyses on a multi cylinder stoichiometric heavy duty engine, fuelled with natural gas–hydrogen blends, are reported. Some constrains on hydrogen content and maximum load achievable have limited the scope of investigation. A specific modelling of the reference engine was developed to extend the study at full load condition and at higher hydrogen content. The results showed a higher combustion speed when hydrogen content in the fuel is increased. However, the positive effect of shorter combustion duration on thermal efficiency is mitigated by higher wall heat loss, due to higher combustion temperatures. Therefore lower CO2 emissions are due only to the substitution of natural gas with hydrogen, making crucial the way of hydrogen producing to have a benefit on well-to-wheel CO2 emissions.
The ultraviolet spectrum of Beta Lyrae

The high-resolution UV spectrum of Beta Lyrae observed with the IUE satellite between 1980 and 1986 is analyzed. A complete list of line identifications for the entire spectral range of the IUE (1225-3125 A) is presented. The main spectral features are P Cygni profiles of resonance lines of high ionization states typical of stellar winds, some of which are combined with a broad emission feature due probably to an accretion disk; P Cygni profiles due to moderately ionized atoms in the iron group (mostly Fe III and Ni III); and absorption lines of elements in lower ionization stages, such as S II, Si II (higher multiplets), Ni II, and a large number of Fe II lines.
Density-functional theory for fermions in the unitary regime

In the unitary regime, fermions interact strongly via two-body potentials that exhibit a zero range and a (negative) infinite scattering length. The energy density is proportional to the energy density of the free Fermi gas with a proportionality constant $\ensuremath{\xi}$. The author uses a simple density functional parametrized by an effective mass and the universal constant $\ensuremath{\xi}$, and employs Kohn-Sham density-functional theory to obtain the parameters from fit to one exactly solvable two-body problem. This yields $\ensuremath{\xi}=0.42$ and a rather large effective mass. The form of the density functional is checked by similar Kohn-Sham calculations for the exactly solvable Calogero model.
The disadvantages of reflux in uretero-Ileal cutaneous anastomoses for supravesical urinary diversion

Radiological and histological evidence from animal studies is presented to show that renal units subjected to reflux of urine after diversionary surgery develop pyelonephritis. It is suggested that anti-reflux diversionary procedures be developed.
A Large Asymmetry in the Galactic Distribution of Faint Halo/Thick Disk Stars

We report a large and significant asymmetry in the number of stars in the first quadrant (l = 20°-45°) of the galaxy compared to complementary longitudes on the other side (fourth quadrant) of the center-anticenter line. This excess in the star counts may be evidence for a triaxial distribution for the thick disk or inner halo of the Galaxy. The stars were chosen to be bluer than B - V ≈ 0.6 mag and are most likely subdwarfs. Assuming these stars are subdwarfs, they are on average approximately 3 kpc away, in the direction and at the same distance as the stellar bar proposed by Weinberg but 1.7 kpc above it. Possible explanations for this excess include an elliptical thick disk, disk heating from an interaction with the Sagittarius dwarf, or heating of the disk by the bar.
The effect of phospholipase on the binding of asialoglycorproteins by rat liver plasma membranes

Abstract The ability of hepatic plasma membrane to bind desialylated glycoproteins has been shown to be markedly diminished by prior treatment of the membranes with phospholipase A or phospholipase C. In the latter case, the decreased binding capacity was correlated with the loss of membrane-bound phosphate over a wide range of enzyme concentration. However, upon solubilization of the membrane associated binding protein, the sensivity to phospholipase-induced inhibition of binding was eliminated. Additional evidence is presented to support the concept that the observed inhibition is a consequence of non-specific changes in the membrane phospholipids and that phospholipid, per se, does not participate directly in the mechanism of binding.
Implementing and Optimizing an Encryption Filesystem on Android

The recent surge in popularity of smart handheld devices, including smart-phones and tablets, has given rise to new challenges in protection of Personal Identifiable Information (PII). Indeed, modern mobile devices store PII for applications that span from email to SMS and from social media to location-based services increasing the concerns of the end user's privacy. Therefore, there is a clear need and expectation for PII data to be protected in the case of loss, theft, or capture of the portable device. In this paper, we present a novel FUSE (File system in User space) encryption file system to protect the removable and persistent storage on heterogeneous smart gadget devices running the Android platform. The proposed file system leverages NIST certified cryptographic algorithms to encrypt the data-at-rest. We present an analysis of the security and performance trade-offs in a wide-range of usage and load scenarios. Using existing known micro benchmarks in devices using encryption without any optimization, we show that encrypted operations can incur negligible overhead for read operations and up to twenty (20) times overhead for write operations for I/O-intensive programs. In addition, we quantified the database transaction performance and we observed a 50\% operation time slowdown on average when using encryption. We further explore generic and device specific optimizations and gain 10\% to 60\% performance for different operations reducing the initial cost of encryption. Finally, we show that our approach is easy to install and configure across all Android platforms including mobile phones, tablets, and small notebooks without any user perceivable delay for most of the regular Android applications.
Effect of dichlorvos on embryonal and fetal development in thyroparathyroidectomized, thyroxine-treated and euthyroid rats

Dichlorvos was administered (25 mg/kg/day) by gavage to previously thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX), thyroxine (T4)-treated and intact saline treated rats from day 8 through 15 gestation. Dichlorvos treatment during gestation reduced the maternal body weight gain in all groups but was significant (P < 0.05) only in the T4-treated group. TPTX alone adversely affected maternal body weight gain before and after gestation, implantation, litter size and fetal weight. Placental weight was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the oil-treated intact control group only. No significant difference was found in gross, visceral and skeletal anomalies of the fetuses in any group.
Effects of microarthropods on the seasonal dynamics of nutrients in forest litter

Abstract The amounts of Ca, K, Mg and P were measured in leaf litter contained in litter bags in a southeastern United States deciduous forest. Half of the litter was treated with naphthalene, a chemical that reduced microarthropod densities to about 10% of those found in untreated litter. Phosphorus losses were significantly greater in untreated litter. After initial elemental losses, amounts of Ca, K and Mg generally increased in 9–12 month-old untreated litter, while naphthalene-treated litter generally showed no seasonal dynamics. Seasonal amounts of nutrients in forest litter depend upon elemental mobility, inputs of nutrients in rainfall, throughfall and particulates, and nutrient retention by forest floor biota. Microarthropods increase nutrient loss from forest litter by comminution; however, microbial stimulation as a result of microarthropod feeding activities appears to increase the nutrient retention capacities of forest litter.
Instructor–Student and Student–Student Rapport in the Classroom

This study examined the relationships between instructors and their students, and between students, to determine their roles in building positive relationships and an overall positive classroom environment. Of particular interest was the examination of instructor rapport with students and rapport between students. Students (N=232) reported on their perceptions of interpersonal relationships in the classroom and on their perceived participation and learning. Results indicate that perceived rapport with instructors and classmates is related to perceptions of classroom connectedness. Instructor rapport, student rapport, and classroom connectedness enhanced student participation. Only instructor rapport consistently predicted participation, affective learning, and cognitive learning.
Microtiter Plate Assay for Selecting “Macrophage Virulent” Strains of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare Mycobacteria in Mouse Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages

Currently used macrophage-mycobacterial in vitro infection models require substantial numbers of macrophages. We developed a miniaturized version of such a model, using microtiter plates, which is comparable to standardly published methods, is reproducible, and requires fewer macrophages. In addition to its ease of handling and its economy in time, number of animals, and supplies, this method is preferable when limited numbers of macrophages are available. We have used this assay as a means of selecting human derived isolates from patients with M. avium intracellulare pulmonary disease for their ability to infect and multiply in cultured mouse pulmonary alveolar macrophages.
Pedigree Promise and Progeny Test among Sires Proved in Iowa Cow Testing Associations

Summary A study of the pedigrees of 303 Holstein-Friesian bulls proved in Iowa Cow Testing Associations before 1936 showed: 1. That the bulls with A.R. testing in their pedigrees were used in higher producing herds and had higher producing daughters than the bulls without such testing but, because of the higher production of their mates, the bulls with testing in their pedigrees did not increase the production of their daughters any more than the others did. 2. The correlations between ancestor's A.R. records and the bull's progeny performance were prevailingly positive but were so small as to be statistically insignificant on the amount of data available. Although so limited in amount as to make them subject to large sampling errors, the data are compatible with the general conclusion that it is desirable to select bulls which have tested ancestors and whose tested ancestors have high records but that one can expect to gain in the daughters of such bulls only a small fraction of that superiority which their tested ancestors showed, as compared with the breed average.
Wind tunnel evaluation of a modified andersen impactor and an all weather sampler inlet

Abstract Modifications were made to a one-cfm (4.72 × 10 −4 m 3 / s ) Andersen impactor to permit the collection of larger particles than previously possible. An All Weather Sampler Inlet was developed for the unit which enables acquisition of unbiased aerosol samples for varying meteorological parameters. When tested with a uranine-tagged oleic acid aerosol in a wind tunnel operated at a speed of 4.6 m/s (15 ft/sec), the standard Andersen design precludes collection of more than 50 percent of particles larger than approximately 7 μm diameter whereas the corresponding particle size for the modified system is 14 μm. Wind tunnel tests with the modified unit show the performance to be relatively unaffected by wind speeds over the range of 5–15 ft/sec or by turbulence with intensities up to eight percent. The geometrical configuration precludes wind directional effects.
Novel Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of a bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanol under mitsunobu conditions

Abstract Treatment of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanol 1 under standard Mitsunobu conditions afforded after hydrolysis the rearranged bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanol 2 in 80% overall yield.
Living the vision: health care, social justice and institutional identity.

This paper will examine the topic of identity in Roman Catholicism from the perspective of topics contained in or absent from mission statements of 25 Catholic health care institutions. In particular, I will look at these from the perspective of social justice as well as how this and other topics such as human dignity, the sanctity of life, stewardship, pastoral care and the likelihood of mergers with other institutions will affect the healing ministry of Catholic health care providers. The article will conclude that there are three key dimensions to Catholic health care: leadership in advocating reform of the current health care system, care for the marginalized and under-insured, and the provision of pastoral care in all institutions.
Jewishness after mount sinai: Jews, blacks and the (multi)racial category

The absence of attention to Black‐Jewish identities in the discourse of multiracialism results from exaggerated attention to Black‐Jewish relations, as well as a conceptual slippage between Jewishness and whiteness. This essay proposes that identities in the public arena are always political, and that racial binaries continue in spite of the authorization of multiple‐box checking in the U.S. Census. When Jewish parents in the U.S. identify themselves as white, they reproduce race thinking in their children, which, in turn, reinforces, rather than undermines racial hierarchies. This surfaces with particular saliency in the proposal for a multiracial category.
Multiple job scheduling with artificial neural networks

Abstract This paper presents an application of neural networks in a multiple task scheduling problem. We take the crossbar Hopfield network which is used to solve the classical traveling salesman problem and extend it to a 3-D neuro-box network (NBN) to solve multiple task scheduling on multiple servers. The approach is presented in several stages starting with a brief review of the Hopfield network, the formulation of the traveling salesman problem on the Hopfield network, the extension to the multiple traveling salesman problem, and the formulation of the manufacturing task scheduling problem, in increasing order of difficulty. At every step, the topology of the network, the energy function (or the cost function which is to be minimized) of the network, the differential equations defining the characteristics of the neurons and illustrative simulations are presented in the paper.
Asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in membranes from Mycobacterium phlei

Abstract The distribution of phospholipids in the membranes of Mycobacterium phlei has been studied by the use of phospholipase C and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. In inverted membrane vesicles, whose external surface apparently corresponds topologically to the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane in intact cells, 80% of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 24% of diphosphatidyl glycerol, and 13% of phosphatidyl inositol are accessible to cleavage by phospholipase C. These results are in agreement with the finding that 70–75% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine in the membrane is accessible to chemical modification by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid or dimethylsuberimidate at 4 °C. It can be inferred that in the inverted membrane the majority of phosphatidyl ethanolamine is present on the outer half of the lipid bilayer while inner half constitutes primarily other phospholipids namely phosphatidyl inositol and diphosphatidyl glycerol. Phospholipase C treatment of ETP membranes selectively impairs the active transport of Ca 2+ without affecting the generation of a proton gradient, respiration, and coupled phosphorylation.
A Partnership Experience in Private Education

The purpose of the study was to document the planning, process, and outcomes resulting from a partnership between two private, faith-based institutions a kindergarten through fifth grade (K–5) school and a university. A team of five university professors formed a partnership with the K–5 school in February 2003. The university faculty continues to mentor the elementary school teachers in order to improve curriculum and instruction and to secure regional accreditation for the school. The results reveal how this reciprocal relationship not only benefits the participating elementary school, but also offers an opportunity for university faculty to engage in collaborative scholarship and community service learning activities.
The distribution of tangles, plaques and related immunohistochemical markers in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, together with cells immunoreactive for the Alz-50 antibody (A50-ir cells) or for an antibody against paired helical filaments (PHF-ir cells), and amyloid deposits stained with antibodies against β-(or A4)-amyloid, have been mapped throughout the ventral forebrains of 25 old people. The cognitive status of each individual was assessed and a “Clinical Dementia Rating” (CDR) assigned, either before death in the Memory and Aging Project of Washington University, or by a postmortem interview, with an appropriate collateral source. The cases studied included 13 nondemented cases (CDR = 0), six very mildly to mildly demented cases (CDR = 0/0.5 to 1) and six more severely demented cases (CDR = 2 to 3). Because even the very mildly demented brains showed substantial pathological change, emphasis was placed on examining the nondemented cases for the earliest changes that could be associated with Alzheimer's disease. Different distributions were found for tangles and plaques. Tangles (and A50-ir and PHF-ir cells) were present in all of the brains examined. In the younger nondemented cases (aged 54 to 63) there were a few affected cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus and the parahippocampal gyrus. In older nondemented cases (aged 73–89) more tangles were found in the same areas, and also in hippocampal field CA1. The very mildly demented cases had many more tangles, but their distribution was similar. Only in the severely demented cases were large numbers of tangles present in the neocortex. In contrast, no plaques (or β-amyloid immunoreactivity) were found in any of the younger nondemented cases or in four of the eight older nondemented cases. In three older nondemented cases there were a few primitive plaques, which were restricted to localized regions of the neocortex (e.g., a portion of the inferior temporal cortex). In one nondemented case and all of the very mildly to mildly demented cases there were very large numbers of mostly primitive plaques, particularly in the neocortex. With greater severity of dementia there is a shift from primitive to mature plaques. These results were interpreted to imply that the first development of tangles and plaques occurs in different parts of the brain. Tangles appear during aging in the anterior olfactory nucleus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the hippocampus, but are rare in the neocortex except in demented brains. Conversely plaques may develop first in the neocortex. Unlike tangles, plaques are not a consistent feature of aging, at least up to age 80.
Pregnancy experiences among married adolescents.

No studies have been made of the life-situational and dynamic factors in the pregnancies of married teenagers, whose numbers far outweigh those of unmarried mothers and whose life situations are very different. This paper discusses the experiences and adjustments made by teenage girls to the triple crises of adolescence, early marriage, and pregnancy.
Oral contraceptive use and risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma.

The relation between cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) and the use of oral contraceptives (OC) was investigated in a case-control study carried out from 1979 to 1991 among patients in hospitals and clinics in the Philadelphia (PA) and New York City (NY) metropolitan areas (United States). Cases were 615 women under age 70 who recently had been diagnosed with invasive melanoma; controls were 2,107 women of the same ages who had been treated for other conditions unrelated either to OC use or to skin diseases. The cases were categorized as severe or nonsevere based on the depth of invasion of the tumor or the presence or absence of metastases. Among the severe cases, OC use was not associated with MM: the relative risk (RR) estimate for ever-use was 1.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI]=0.8–1.5) and the estimate for 10 or more years of use was 1.1 (CI=0.6–2.1). Nor was risk associated with recent use, long latency, or young age at first use. Among the nonsevere cases, ever-use of oral contraceptives was associated positively with MM (RR=1.5, CI=1.1–2.4) but there was no trend with increased duration of use. The findings provide evidence against the hypothesis that OC use increases the risk of malignant melanoma. The elevated estimates among the nonsevere cases most likely reflect selection bias rather than a causal relation.
Non-tachyonic ground state for string theory

Starting from the basic open-string Lagrangian system, we apply the methods of the operator field to the center-of-mass coordinateX0. In this way, we arrive at a quantization of the open string for which the following results hold: 1) The ground state of the open string has energy 0 in the standard conventions of the method of the operator field. 2) There is no tachyon in the physical spectrum of the theory. 3) The lowest single-particle states correspond to a massless-vector state at leveln = 1 and a massive spin-2 particle of massM = 2MPlanck at leveln = 2.
Designing responsive pattern generators: stable heteroclinic channel cycles for modeling and control

A striking feature of biological pattern generators is their ability to respond immediately to multisensory perturbations by modulating the dwell time at a particular phase of oscillation, which can vary force output, range of motion, or other characteristics of a physical system. Stable heteroclinic channels (SHCs) are a dynamical architecture that can provide such responsiveness to artificial devices such as robots. SHCs are composed of sequences of saddle equilibrium points, which yields exquisite sensitivity. The strength of the vector fields in the neighborhood of these equilibria determines the responsiveness to perturbations and how long trajectories dwell in the vicinity of a saddle. For SHC cycles, the addition of stochastic noise results in oscillation with a regular mean period. In this paper, we parameterize noise-driven Lotka–Volterra SHC cycles such that each saddle can be independently designed to have a desired mean sub-period. The first step in the design process is an analytic approximation, which results in mean sub-periods that are within 2% of the specified sub-period for a typical parameter set. Further, after measuring the resultant sub-periods over sufficient numbers of cycles, the magnitude of the noise can be adjusted to control the mean period with accuracy close to that of the integration step size. With these relationships, SHCs can be more easily employed in engineering and modeling applications. For applications that require smooth state transitions, this parameterization permits each state's distribution of periods to be independently specified. Moreover, for modeling context-dependent behaviors, continuously varying inputs in each state dimension can rapidly precipitate transitions to alter frequency and phase.
Histochemical profiles of rat soleus intrafusal fibres after chronic exercise

Intrafusal fibres from the rat soleus were investigated for representative histochemical profiles in sedentary animals and animals chronically exercised for 17 weeks on a treadmill. The pattern of myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the polar region revealed three intrafusal fibre types: (I) myosin ATPase-dark (MD) fibres, alkali-and acid-stabile; (2) myosin ATPase-light (ML) fibres, alkali-and acid-labile; and (3) myosin ATPase-reversible (MR) fibres, alkali-stabile and acid-labile. The three fibre types were correlated with the level of reduced NADH diaphorase activity, with MR, ML and MD fibres staining dark, moderate and light, respectively. In the equatorial region the morphological features of representative ML and MD fibres revealed that they were nuclear bag fibres, while, representative MR fibres were identified as nuclear chain fibres. The MR fibres in the exercised animals had higher levels of myosin ATPase alkaline stability and acid lability than MR fibres in the sedentary animals, suggesting the MR fibre profiles are selectively influenced by chronic exercise. The mean cross-sectional of MR fibres from the exercised animals was significantly less than the MR fibres from the sedentary animals. In contrast to the effect of endurance training on NADH diaphorase activity in extrafusal muscle fibres, there was evidence of less activity in the MD fibres of the exercised animals.
Adaptive Remodeling of the Rabbit Temporomandibular Joint Following Discectomy and Dietary Variations

This study evaluates the healing of the rabbit temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following discectomy in four groups of animals fed a ground diet for 3 consecutive months (group 1), a ground diet for 1 month followed by 2 months of a coarse diet (group 2), a ground diet for 6 consecutive months (group 3), or a ground diet for 3 months followed by a coarse diet for 3 months (group 4), in order to evaluate the effects of changing the diet texture following discectomy. After 3 and 6 months, histologic evaluation demonstrated that 1) an early hyperplastic response in the fibrocartilage regressed in the later period regardless of diet, and 2) switching the ground diet to a hard diet caused degenerative scores to increase after both 1 and 3 months.
Comparative toxicities of sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole in children

Summary 1. The toxic reactions observed in a group of fifty-four children treated with sulfadiazine were compared with those in a group of fifty-three children treated with sulfathiazole during approximately the same period. 2. In the first group granulocytopenia occurred in 44.3 per cent of cases; in the second, in 37.8 per cent. There were no cases of agranulocytosis, even when the drug was continued after granulocytopenia appeared. 3. Simultaneous administration of alkali was employed in the majority of instances. The only case of gross hematuria occurred in a child who had not received alkali. No instances of anuria were observed. The use of alkali appears greatly to lessen the danger of complications in the urinary system. 4. Drug rashes occurred four times, all in children receiving sulfathiazole. Three of these resembled erythema nodosum. 5. The administration of ascorbic acid in massive dosage appeared to have no detoxifying effect for the two sulfonamides studied. 6. Our observations on children fail to reveal any striking difference in toxicity between sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole with the exception of the greater incidence of rashes with the latter.
The Relationships of Perpetrator and Victim Substance Use to the Sexual Aggression of Rapists and Child Molesters

Objective: This study investigated substance use in rape and child molestation. We hypothesized that perpetrator substance use would be associated with a greater increase in rapists' aggression in sexual crimes compared with that of child molesters. We also predicted that victim substance use would be negatively related to both rapists and child molesters' aggression in sexual crimes. Method: The sample included 245 male rapists and 273 male child molesters who had been evaluated at the Massachusetts Treatment Center (MTC) between 1959 and 1991 for potential civil commitment. Data were obtained from offenders' archival records and were coded by trained research assistants on perpetrator and victim substance use and perpetrator aggression in sexual crimes. Results: Analyses showed that the magnitude of the positive association between perpetrator alcohol use and aggression in sexual crimes did not differ between rapists and child molesters. In contrast, perpetrator drug use was associated with increased aggression among child molesters only. Victim substance use was related to increased aggression among rapists only. Conclusions: The results indicate that victim substance use and perpetrator drug use, but not perpetrator alcohol use, are differentially related to the aggression of rapists and child molesters in sexual crimes. Those findings imply that substance use may play different roles depending on offender type. Language: en
Numerical algorithm for implementing Zubov's construction in two-dimensional systems

A result due to Erugin is combined with Zubov's theorem in obtaining a numerical algorithm for constructing segments of the asympotic stability domain of two-dimensional systems. A requisite of the algorithm is that one point of the segment under construction be known a priori. Two examples picked arbitrarily are given to illustrate the technique.
2,4,5,7-Tetranitrofluorenone †

2,4,5,7-Tetranitrofluorenone reactant: 73 g. (0.4 mole) of 9-fluorenone product: 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone Keywords: nitration; distillation, apparatus, for steam distillation
The correlation of potassium content and moisture in bovine liver samples analyzed for trace mineral concentrations.

Beef cattle in the United States are often found to be deficient in essential trace minerals such as copper and zinc. Established reference ranges for mineral concentrations exist and usually designate a concentration as adequate, marginal, deficient, or excessive. This research investigates a new method of interpreting detected elemental concentrations in bovine liver that will add confidence to the final diagnosis. This is based on the hypothesis that a correlation exists between potassium concentration and moisture in a bovine liver sample. This relationship between potassium and moisture content enables the diagnostician to more accurately predict mineral concentrations and wet weight regardless of sample moisture loss. Correlations were found between potassium content and percentage of moisture in experimental samples, clinical biopsies, and a validation study, to a statistical significance of P , 0.001. Experimental samples had a correlation coefficient of R 2 5 0.95 and the mathematical relationship y 5 2513.2x -1.0662 . Clinical biopsies had a correlation of R 2 5 0.83 and the mathematical relationship y 5 2203.4x -0.991 . The validation study had a correlation of R 2 5 0.55 and a mathematical relationship y 5 2321.4x -0.952 . An exponent of 21 is predicted by
Influence of soil type and stress state on predicting shear strength of unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristic curve

Comprehensive studies on the prediction of unsaturated shear strength were performed using three commonly used empirical procedures: Fredlund et al. approach (published in 1996), Vanapalli et al. a...
CASTRO: robust nonlinear trajectory optimization using multiple models

In this paper we present CASTRO, a new approach for achieving robust planned trajectories for nonlinear systems in the presence of modelling uncertainty. With CASTRO, we simultaneously optimize trajectories for multiple copies of the same system model, each using different estimates for the system parameters. The systems are constrained to use the same policy. With an appropriate sampling of system parameters in the optimization problem, the trajectory will be robust when run on the real system, compared to a trajectory optimized with just one model. We present results on a simulated double-link pendulum swing-up problem.
The Educational Researcher as Artist Working Within

This article discusses the complexity of arts-based educational research and arts-based autoethnography and presents a concrete example of an installation tableau that investigates the regulation o...
Effect of Deuterium Oxide on Crack Growth in Soda‐Lime‐Silica Glass

Crack growth in acidic and basic deuterium oxide solutions was studied. An isotopic effect was observed in basic deuterium oxide solutions but not in acidic deuterium oxide solutions. The results suggest that the rate-limiting step for crack growth difsers for basic and acidic environments.
Conceptual foundations for a model of task-based authorizations

We describe conceptual foundations to address integrity issues in computerized information systems from the enterprise perspective. The motivation for this effort stems from the recognition that existing models are formulated at too low a level of abstraction, to be useful for modeling organizational requirements, policy aspects, and internal controls, pertaining to maintenance of integrity in information systems. In particular, these models are primarily concerned with the integrity of internal data components within computer systems, and thus lack the constructs necessary to model enterprise level integrity principles. The starting point in the investigation is the notion of authorization functions and tasks associated with business activities carried out in the enterprise. These functions identify the authorization requirements while the authorization tasks embody the concepts required to carry out such authorizations. We believe a model of task-based authorizations will bridge the existing gap between low-level models and very high level ones looking at integrity from a purely organizational and sociological perspective devoid of any direct links to computerized systems. The work described is preliminary and conceptual in nature, but is a necessary prerequisite for the eventual development of a formal model. >
A Model Analysis of Tensile Stress in the Toadfish Vestibular Membranes

Background. A theoretical model analysis of stress in the vestibular membranes has identified a geometrical stress factor incorporating shape, size, and thickness that can be used to assess peak stress in the various chambers. Methods. Using published measurements of the toadfish vestibular membranes made during surgery, the geometrical stress factor can be evaluated for each chamber based on the model. Results. The mean geometrical stress factor is calculated to be the lowest in the semicircular canal (4.4), intermediate in the ampulla (6.0), and the highest in the utricle (17.4). Conclusions. The model predicts that substantial hoop stress disparities exist in the toadfish vestibular labyrinth. Stress is least in the semicircular canal, which therefore appears to be the structure with greatest stability. The utricle is found to be the most stress prone structure in the vestibular labyrinth and therefore appears to be the chamber most vulnerable to distention and potential modification.
Hemodynamic and Biologic Determinates of Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes in Renal Failure Patients

The outcome of patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis depends on a functioning vascular access. Although a variety of access options are available, the arteriovenous fistula remains the best vascular access. Unfortunately the success rate of mature fistula use remains poor. The creation of an arteriovenous fistula is followed by altered hemodynamic and biological changes that may result in neointimal hyperplasia and eventual venous stenosis. This review provides an overview of these changes and the needed research to provide a long lasting vascular access and hence improve outcomes for patients with end-stage renal disease.
Systemic alteration of cell-surface and secreted glycoprotein expression in malignant breast cancer cell lines

Breast cancer cell lines express fewer transmembrane and secreted glycoproteins than nonmalignant ones. The objective of these experiments was to characterize the changes in the expression of several hundred glycoproteins quantitatively. Secreted and cell-surface glycoproteins were isolated using a glycoprotein capture protocol and then identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Glycoproteins expressed by a group of cell lines originating from malignant tumors of the breast were compared with those expressed by a nonmalignant set. The average number of spectral counts (proportional to relative protein abundance) and the total number of glycopeptides in the malignant samples were reduced to about two-thirds of the level in the nonmalignant samples. Most glycoproteins were expressed at a different level in the malignant samples, with nearly as many increasing as decreasing. The glycoproteins with reduced expression accounted for a larger change in spectral counts, and hence for the net loss of spectral counts in the malignant lines. Similar results were found when the glycoproteins were studied via identified glycosylation sites only, or through identified sites together with non-glycopeptides. The overall reduction is largely due to the loss of integrins, laminins and other proteins that form or interact with the basement membrane.