cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cushing's Syndrome

List of Contributors. Preface. 1. Physiology of the HPA Axis Y. Oki. 2. Clinical Manifestations and Presentation of Cushing's Syndrome A.B. Atkinson. 3. Psychiatric Manifestations of Cushing's Syndrome P.T. Loosen. 4. A Rational Approach to the Patient Suspected of Having Cushing's Syndrome M. Fowler, L.S. Blevins. 5. Evaluation of Cushing's Syndrome J. Newell-Price, M. Besser. 6. Assay Methods in Cushing's Syndrome W. Nicholson, R.J. Workman. 7. ACTH Secreting Pituitary Adenomas M.-L. Raffin-Sanson, et al. 8. Syndrome of Ectopic ACTH Hypersecretion W.J. Kovacs. 9. Cushing's Syndrome Due to Adrenal Disorders L.S. Blevins. 10. Aberrant Hormone Receptors A. Lacroix, et al. 11. Transsphenoidal Surgery for Cushing's Disease R.J. Weil, G.S. Allen. 12. Perioperative Evaluation and Management T.J. McKenna. 13. Radiation Therapy in the Management of Cushing's Disease A.J. Cmelak. 14. Adernal Surgery for Cushing's R.E. Goldstein. 15. The Medical Management of Cushing's Syndrome T. Kason, L.S. Blevins. Index.
Conditional lethal mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. II. Synthesis of virus-specific polypeptides in nonpermissive cells infected with "RNA-" host-restricted mutants.

Abstract Host-restricted (hr) mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus which fail to produce infectious virus in HEp-2 cells also do not stimulate uptake of substantial levels (
Diffusion Coefficient of Electrons in Diamond

Abstract The diffusion coefficient of electrons in diamond has been investigated using Ensemble Monte Carlo procedure as a function of field strength and temperature. The electric field is assumed to be along the crystalographic orientation. It is found that the diffusion coefficient decreases at high fields when the nonparabolicity of the conduction band is taken into account and also decreases with temperature. The transverse diffusion coefficient is smaller than the longitudinal one at lower fields and is higher beyond 4 kV/cm.
Using magic in the teaching of probability and statistics

This paper explores the role magic tricks can play in the teaching of probability and statistics, especially for lectures in college courses. Demonstrations are described that illustrate a variety of probabilistic and statistical topics, including basic probability and combinatorics, probability and sampling distributions, hypothesis testing, and advanced topics such as Markov chains and Bayes' Theorem. In addition to magic tricks providing visual demonstrations to supplement traditional blackboard- based lectures and the opportunity to engage students in class-participatory activities, possible benefits include a focus on conceptual understanding, development of critical thinking, and an opportunity to reflect upon the role of assumptions and estimates of probabilities.
An adaptive whitening matched filter/equaliser for the ISI channel

This paper addresses the problem of adaptive linear equalisation for the intersymbol interference channel. The paper derives the minimum variance linear estimator for the input data sequence, namely the Kalman filter. An adaptive law is derived for the Kalman filter when the channel and/or transmit filters are unknown. This adaptive law is derived by recursively minimising a novel cost function closely related to Kullback-Leibler distance. Our simulations suggest global convergence to an open-eye solution for any minimum phase channel, however we do not currently have a proof of this proposition. The performance however is significantly better than the fractionally spaced constant modulus algorithm.
Splanchnic vasoconstriction and bacterial translocation after thermal injury.

Gut barrier failure and bacterial translocation (BT) after thermal injury may result from splanchnic vasoconstriction and intestinal ischemia. The role of the renin-angiotensin system in intestinal...
"Must we dance naked?": art, beauty, and law in Munich and Paris, 1911-1913.

in m i d -n o v e m b e r 1911 a y o u n g French performer named Adoree Villany gave a series of dance performances in Munich’s comic Theater, one of a number of small and financially struggling alternative theaters in that city. she appeared for the most part in quite scanty costume and at times completely naked. Audience response was enthusiastic. The theater was packed, she was rewarded with what one reviewer called “an outright storm of applause,” and she received numerous letters from admirers in the days and weeks following her appearances. The press was equally positive. reviews in local and national newspapers were flattering, praising the grace and purity of her movement, her expressive power and acting ability, and the creativity of her costuming. There was nothing particularly new in her performance or its reception: Villany had given similar shows, to similar response, in various cities in Germany, Holland, switzerland, the AustroHungarian Empire, and France since 1905. what was new in 1911 was that at the end of the intermission in her third performance on 18 November, the theater’s secretary came onstage to announce that the police had appeared in Villany’s dressing room to arrest her on charges of public indecency and had hauled her off to police headquarters—naked, apparently, except for a cloak she had been allowed to throw over herself. They also arrested the theater director and Villany’s manager. All three were charged under Paragraph 183 of the German criminal code, which imposed a penalty of up to two years in prison for “the creation of a
TPX2 regulates neuronal morphology through kinesin-5 interaction

TPX2 (targeting protein for Xklp2) is a multifunctional mitotic spindle assembly factor that in mammalian cells localizes and regulates mitotic motor protein kinesin-5 (also called Eg5 or kif11). We previously showed that upon depletion or inhibition of kinesin-5 in cultured neurons, microtubule movements increase, resulting in faster growing axons and thinner dendrites. Here, we show that depletion of TPX2 from cultured neurons speeds their rate of process outgrowth, similarly to kinesin-5 inhibition. The phenotype is rescued by TPX2 re-expression, but not if TPX2's kinesin-5-interacting domain is deleted. These results, together with studies showing a spike in TPX2 expression during dendritic differentiation, suggest that the levels and distribution of TPX2 are likely to be determinants of when and where kinesin-5 acts in neurons.
A December Effect with Tax-Gain Selling

We present evidence on the December effect. When investors do not sell winner stocks in December but postpone their sale to January so that capital gains will not be realized in the current fiscal year, the "winners" appreciate in December. The December effect is relatively easy to arbitrage. We also present evidence regarding the persistence of the January effect and note that the January effect continues because it is difficult to exploit profitably.
Learned helplessness decreases [3H]imipramine binding in rat cortex

Specific binding of [3H]imipramine decreased in frontal neocortex from rats demonstrating learned helplessness, an animal model of depression. The decrease was in maximal binding but not in affinity for the receptor site. No change in [3H]imipramine binding was found in septum or hippocampus. The receptor changes found in frontal neocortex parallel behavioral and neurochemical changes produced by learned helplessness in this region. These changes are also similar to those found in the frontal neocortex from suicides and in platelets of patients with depression.
Access control with IBM Tivoli access manager

Web presence has become a key consideration for the majority of companies and other organizations. Besides being an essential information delivery tool, the Web is increasingly being regarded as an extension of the organization itself, directly integrated with its operating processes. As this transformation takes place, security grows in importance. IBM Tivoli Access Manager offers a shared infrastructure for authentication and access management, technologies that have begun to emerge in the commercial marketplace. This paper describes the Authorization Service provided by IBM Tivoli Access Manager for e-business (AM) and its use by AM family members as well as third-party applications. Policies are defined over a protected object namespace and stored in a database, which is managed via a management console and accessed through an Authorization API. The protected object namespace abstracts from heterogeneous systems and thus enables the definition of consistent policies and their centralized management. ACL inheritance and delegated management allow these policies to be managed efficiently. The Authorization API allows applications with their own access control requirements to decouple authorization logic from application logic. Policy checking can be externalized by using either a proxy that sits in front of the Web servers and application servers or a plug-in that examines the request. Thus, AM familiy members establish a single entry point to enforce enterprise policies that regulate access to corporate data.
Biostratigraphic expression of Pleistocene sequence boundaries, Gulf of Mexico

The quaternary section west of the Mississippi River delta consists of thousands of meters of terrigenous sediments, but the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic history recorded in these sequences is often distorted as a result of salt and shale diapirism. Quaternary sequences of the western Gulf of Mexico often reflect highly variable sediment accumulation rates within and between isolated salt-withdrawal basins and missing section resulting from unconformities and extensive faulting. The sedimentary record of Ocean Drilling Program's Core 625B (northeast Gulf of Mexico) contains significant unconformaties that represent a record of sea-level change during the Pleistocene. The core may thus serve as a standard for timing of sea-level changes of the Western Gulf. Utilizing primarily relative abundances of the warm-water Globorotalia menardii complex and cool water G. inflata, we have subdivided the pre-zone W Pleistocene of Core 625B into 17 subzones, resulting in an average duration of approximately 100,000 years per unit. Based on graphic correlation, subzonal boundaries are largely coeval between sites and can provide high-resolution biostratigraphic subdivision of the Pleistocene of industrial wells on an operational basis. Also, the subzonation delineates anomalous paleotops that are reworked, erosionally truncated at sequence boundaries or delta-depressed as a result of localized sediment influx.more » Graphic correlation of subzonal boundaries coupled with available biostratigraphic and magnetostrategraphic datums has demonstrated the near synchronomy of subzonal boundaries and their utility in the subdivision of the Pleistocene. Using graphic correlation, the paleontologist can build viable exploration models that can be used to predict the occurrence of hydrocarbon reservoir sands. 87 refs., 13 figs.« less
Circadian Variation of the Plasma 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids in Central Nervous System Disease1

The pattern of the circadian variation of the plasma 17-OHCS was studied in 48 patients with focal disease of the central nervous system unassociated with disturbance of consciousness. Disease of the temporal lobe, pretectum or hypothalamus was present in 27 patients (Group A). Pituitary disease characterized by sellar enlargement, but with minimal evidence of endocrinopathy, was present in 13 patients (Group B). The control group consisted of 21 patients with focal central nervous system disease outside these areas (Group C), and 47 normal subjects (Group D). The circadian patterns of the patient groups were compared to those of the normal subjects with respect to 3 criteria: (a) slope of linear trend (calculated by the method of least squares); (b) extent of variation of plasma steroid levels from this fitted straight line; and (c) average plasma steroid levels. Patients in Group A differed significantly (at an over-all 5% level) from normal subjects with respect to the first 2 criteria. In patients in ...
Intentional intelligence and the intentional intelligence quotient (IIQ): construct development and scale validation integrating mindfulness, self‐agency, and positive thought flow

This study follows Braud’s (2009) recommendation for the field of management, spirituality, and religion to produce “standardized assessment instruments”. Our principal goals in this study were to (1) define the construct of intentional intelligence and (2) formulate and assess a valid and reliable measure of the intentional intelligence quotient (IIQ). Intentional intelligence is defined as one’s ability to (a) identify their current thoughts and (b) choose positive thoughts in one’s mind. We defined the intentional intelligence construct in light of related constructs of mindfulness, self‐agency, and positive thought flow. We developed and tested the 10‐item IIQ scale as a measure of intentional intelligence alongside measures of comparison constructs. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we found the IIQ to be a valid and reliable measure.
Investigating the Thermally Induced Acoustoelastic Effect in Isotropic Media with Lamb Waves

Elastic wave velocities in metallic structures are affected by variations in environmental conditions such as changing temperature. This paper extends the theory of acoustoelasticity by allowing thermally induced strains in unconstrained isotropic media, and it experimentally examines the velocity variation of Lamb waves in aluminum plates (AL-6061) due to isothermal temperature deviations. This paper presents both thermally induced acoustoelastic constants and thermally varying effective Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio which include the third order elastic material constants. The experimental thermal sensitivity of the phase velocity ( ∂vP/∂θ) for both the symmetric and antisymmetric modes are bounded by two theories, the acoustoelastic Lamb wave theory with thermo-acoustoelastic tensors and the thermoelastic Lamb wave theory using an effective thermo-acoustoelastic moduli. This paper shows the theoretical thermally induced acoustoelastic Lamb wave thermal sensitivity ( ∂vP/∂θ) is an upper bound appr...
Noise in various electron multiplication methods used in imaging devices

Noise data are presented for various electron multiplication methods used in imaging devices. It is shown that the noise of these devices can always be represented in the same manner and that it can be described by a noise deterioration factor Γ, which is the ratio of the output noise over the multiplied input noise. In the transmission secondary electron multiplier, Γ decreases with increasing primary energy and with increasing Collector voltage in such a manner that Γ is a universal function of the current multiplication factor δ part of this may be due to electron losses in the aluminum backing, but the secondary emission multiplication also contributes. In the image intensifier multiplier, Γ decreases with increasing primary energy and shows comparable behavior to the first multiplication method. The gain here is frequency dependent because of the response of the phosphor. In the channel multiplier, the dc gain I_{s}/I_{p} decreases with increasing I p , so that the device is nonlinear. One must then distinguish between "apparent', noise deterioration factor Γ' and the true deterioration factor Γ. It is found that Γ' < Γ, explaining the remarkably low value of Γ'(≃1.4) found in these devices.
Growth investigations of 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP MQW laser diodes grown by chemical beam epitaxy

We report on growth investigations and results of low threshold current density GaInAsP/InP multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers emitting at a wavelength of 1.3 μm. Bulk layers and separate confinement heterostructure MQW laser diodes were grown by chemical beam epitaxy. At optimized growth conditions, broad-area lasers with as low a threshold current density J th as 160 A/cm 2 and an internal loss of 5 cm -1 were obtained
VARIATIONS IN A MEMBER OF THE GENUS FUSARIUM GROWN IN CULTURE FOR A PERIOD OF FIVE YEARS

Before the pathogene Fusarium martii phaseoli Burkholder was described, three cultures of F. martii Ap. et Wr. were obtained from various sources for comparison. One culture was from Dr. C. D. Sherbakoff, the second from the Wollenweber collection in the Bureau of Plant Industry, and the third from Dr. Johanna Westerdijk at the Centralstelle fur Pilzkulturen. That there were differences among the sub-cultures of these three strains of F. martii was observed, and in the article describing the form F. martii phaseoNi (2) it was stated that "the spore measurements made from the culture obtained from the Wollenweber collection varied considerably from the measurements given by Appel and Wollenweber, and by Sherbakoff." These variations were considered to be due probably to the effect of the different lengths of time the fungi had been in culture, to various culture media used before they were received, to different temperatures to which they had been submitted, or to other similar environmental factors. That these variations induced by the environment had become sufficiently established to be retained to at least a certain degree when the three strains were placed under similar conditions was thought probable. Appel and Wollenweber (i) recognized a change in the morphology and physiology of species of the genus Fusarium which had been grown for a long time on artificial media, and they designated three stages in the life history of such a fungus, namely Ankultur, Normkultur, and Abkultur. The culture referred to above from the Wollenweber collection had presumably passed the "Normkultur" and entered the "Abkultur" stage. Sherbakoff (6) also mentions this latter stage in his work on the potato Fusaria, but states that the only change he has observed is the loss of color. Since I9I7, when the observations and spore measurements were made for the description of F. martii phaseoli, this fungus has been kept growing in pure culture. During this period, and especially during the last two or three years, the morphology (at least the gross characters) of the organism has changed to such an extent that it might be described as a new species. It has passed over into the "Abkultur" stage of Wollenweber. When grown on various media, including agars and sterilized vegetables. the fungus does not resume its original characters. In this article the nature and permanency of these variations, both morphological and physiological, that have been brought about through continuous cultivation are dealt with. The strain of the fungus under consideration was isolated from a diseased 245
pH microelectrode: Modified Thomas recessed-tip configuration

Through the use of a glass-membrane pH electrode and a water-tight seal a modified Thomas pH microelectrode has been developed. The modified Thomas electrode has a relatively low electrical resistance (10(11) omega), a small sensing chamber (10 microns3), and a rapid response time (10 s) and can be manufactured in both single- and double-barreled configurations. The modified Thomas electrode is designed to measure the intracellular pH of small cells such as those found in the mammalian kidney tubule.
Stability and change in parents' perceptions of infant temperament: early pregnancy to 13,5 months postpartum

Abstract Five times between early pregnancy and 13.5 months postpartum, 29 primiparous and 40 multiparous parents completed the Infant Characteristics Questionnaire (ICQ). Stability was evident for all factors within pregnancy, especially for Factors I and II within the postpartum period, and most consistently for Factors II and IV between pregnancy and postpartum phases. All significant correlations were between .46 and .89. Differences between multiparous and primiparous parents, and between mothers and fathers, in the magnitude and pattern of stability coefficients were found.
THE COLON PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN E.COLI HEAT STABLE ENTEROTOXIN (STa)-MEDIATED DIARRHEAL DISEASE

In order to determine the potential contribution of the colon to E. coli enterotoxigenic diarrheal disease, we compared STa binding, gunnylate cyclase activation (CCA), and STa-induced water flux in the ileum and colon of adult male rats. Receptor binding characteristics were determined by Scatchard analysis of 125I-STa binding to isolated ileocytes and colonocyces. STa stimulated GCA was determined in crude membrane homogenates prepared from ileum and proximal colon. Water flux was measured in segments of ileum and colon continuously perfused with a non-absorbable marker containing solution, with and without STa. Scatchard analysis suggested a single class of STa receptors with a Ka of = 109 L/M in both ileocytes and colonocytes, however maximum binding was 3.5 fold greater (p-.02) in colonocytes (8.32 × 105 receptors/cell) than ileocytes (2.33 × 105). STa stimulated GCA in an identical dose dependant manner in ileal and proximal colonic membranes. STa inhibited net water flux to a similar degree in both ileum (-48 ul/cm/hr) and colon (-38 ul/cm/hr), In the ileum, this change induced net secretion. In the colon, because of a higher baseline of absorption, absorption continued, but at a diminished level.
The equine homologue of LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18): cellular distribution and differential determinants

Abstract The equine homologue of the leucocyte integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) has been characterized using a panel of four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The antibodies labelled almost all leukocytes, thymocytes and lymph node cells from normal horses, and immunoprecipitated two noncovalently associated polypeptides with molecular weights of 180 kDa and 100 kDa, respectively. The antigen recognized by one mAb could be precipitated by another in this cluster in a sequential immunoprecipitation assay. The mAbs, however, did not block the activities on lymphocyte function of one another. A mAb to the β subunit of human LFA-1 cross-reacted with equine LFA-1, but an antibody to its α subunit did not, suggesting that the β subunit of the leukocyte integrin may be more highly-conserved. Functionally, H20A and a human CD18 antibody (MHM23) inhibited phorbol ester-mediated homotypic lymphocyte aggregation, whereas mAb CZ3.2 induced rather than inhibited the homotypic cell aggregation. The formation of lymphocyte aggregates induced by CZ3.2 was not blocked by the inhibitory antibodies H20A or MHM23. CZ3.1 seemed to have little inducible or inhibitory effects on homotypic cell aggregation. The mAb CZ3.1 defined a unique LFA-1 determinant present on granulocytes, but absent on lymphocytes in members of an extended horse family, in contrast to the other antibodies which labelled both granulocytes and lymphocytes from these animals. In all other horses tested, no differences in reactivity of CZ3.1 and the other LFA-1 antibodies were observed when the antibodies were tested on lymphocytes or granulocytes. Our results indicate that common epitopes are shared between human and equine LFA-1, and that the described panel of monoclonal antibodies identifies distinct determinants present on the equine LFA-1 molecule. The following monoclonal antibodies used in this study were given official workshop designations at the Second International Workshop on Equine Leukocyte Antigens (Lunn et al., 1998) CZ3.1 (Cor)=W45; CZ3.2 (Cor)=W77.
Christians in Higher Education: Investigating the Perceptions of Intellectual Diversity Among Evangelical Undergraduates at Elite Public Universities in Southern California

The American Council of Trustees and Alumni (ACTA) in 2005 defined intellectual diversity as “the foundation of a learning environment that exposes students to a variety of political, ideological, and other perspectives” (p. 1). Although research has consistently found the professorate ideologically and politically left of center, many scholars today argue that the claim of ideological or intellectual orthodoxy on campus is largely tendentious. This study expands on research on intellectual diversity by focusing on evangelical undergraduate students attending elite institutions in southern California. The findings demonstrate that a significant correlation exists between students’ religious/political beliefs and perceptions of professor discrimination and bias, suggesting students’ perceptions of intellectual diversity are related to their values and beliefs. Implications of study are framed via Warren Nord's notions of secularization.
Development of an instrument for non-destructive identification of Unexploded Ordnance using tagged neutrons - a proof of concept study

This work reports on the efficacy of using 14 MeV neutrons tagged by the associated particle neutron time-of-flight technique (APnTOF) to extract neutron induced characteristic γ-rays from an object-of-interest with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and without interference from nearby clutter. A small portable API120 neutron generator was operated at a continuous output of ∼ 1×107 n/s while the γ-rays were detected using a 12.7×12.7 cm diameter NaI(Tl) detector. The α-particle detection system comprised a 5-cm diameter fast Amperex XP2020 photomultiplier tube which was mated with the 6.5 cm fiber-optic face-plate of the neutron generator's ZnO(Ga) α-detector. Standard NIM electronics was used for the α-γ coincidence spectroscopy. A graphite cube of dimension 15.2 cm (6 kg) was used as the object-of-interest while a half-gallon bottle of water and a 5-mm thick iron slab were used as clutter items in non-overlapping and overlapping modes. In all cases, carbon (C) signals from the graphite were successfully extracted without interference from the oxygen (O) signals from water. The SNR at the peak energies of 4.43 (C) and 6.13 MeV (O) were found to be 1.3 when spectra were acquired without the time coincidence mode. The SNRs were vastly improved; 22 and 10 for C and O respectively in the coincidence mode.
I hate you just the way you are: exploring the formation, maintenance, and need for enemies.

The study of peers who dislike one another, termed mutual antipathies, is being recognized as an important aspect of a child's social world. An overview of this area is provided, along with a focus on one particular type of antipathy, enemies.
Adult living donor liver transplantation: Preferences about donation outside the medical community

Abstract An increasing number of transplant centers are performing adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We evaluated peoples' perspectives on possible outcomes of living donation, thresholds for donating, and views regarding the donation process. One hundred fifty people were surveyed; half were from a medical care group serving an indigent population and half were from a private clinic. Preferences about outcomes of adult living donation were ranked and quantified on a visual analogue scale. Thresholds for donation to a loved one were quantified. Sixty percent of the respondents suggested they would prefer to donate and die and have the transplant recipient live rather than forgo donation and have the potential transplant recipient die of liver failure. Participants' stated threshold for living donation was a median survival for themselves of only 79%. They would require that their loved one have a median survival of 55% with transplantation before they would agree to donate. Respondents from the medical care group reported higher survival thresholds for themselves and the transplant recipient, and race was the most statistically significant predictor of those thresholds. Sex was more predictive of threshold probabilities from the private clinic. Eighty-one percent of the respondents believed that the potential donor, not a physician, should have the final say regarding candidacy for living donation. In conclusion, the findings of this survey support the use of adult LDLT. Most respondents were willing to accept mortality rates that far exceed the estimated risk of donation and favored outcomes in which a loved one was saved. (Liver Transpl 2001;7:335-340.)
Tank-automotive robotics

ABSTRACT To provide an overview of Tank-Automotive Robotics. The briefing will contain program overviews &inter-relationships and technology challenges of TARDEC managed unmanned and robotic ground vehicleprograms. Specffic emphasis will focus on technology developments/approaches to achieve semi-autonomous operation and inherent chassis mobility features.Programs to be discussed include: Demolil Experimental Unmanned Vehicle (XIJV), Tactical MobileRobotics (TMR), Intelligent Mobility, Commanders Driver Testbed, Collision Avoidance, InternationalGround Robotics Competition (IGRC).Specifically, the paper will discuss unique exterior/outdoor challenges facing the IGRC competing teamsand the synergy created between the IGRC and ongoing DoD semi-autonomous Unmanned GroundVehicle and DoT Intelligent Transportation System programs . Sensor and chassis approaches to meet theIGRC challenges and obstacles will be shown and discussed. Shortfalls in performance to meet the IGRCchallenges wilibe identified.Keywords: Intelligent Mobility, Autonomous Mobility, International Ground Robotics Competition,Reduced Crew Operations and Intelligent Transportation System
Structural Insights into the Human and Avian IMP Cyclohydrolase Mechanism via Crystal Structures with the Bound XMP Inhibitor.

Within de novo purine biosynthesis, the AICAR transformylase and IMP cyclohydrolase activities of the bifunctional enzyme ATIC convert the intermediate AICAR to the final product of the pathway, IMP. Identification of the AICAR transformylase active site and a proposed formyl transfer mechanism have already resulted from analysis of crystal structures of avian ATIC in complex with substrate and/or inhibitors. Herein, we focus on the IMPCH active site and the cyclohydrolase mechanism through comparison of crystal structures of XMP inhibitor complexes of human ATIC at 1.9 A resolution with the previously determined avian enzyme. This first human ATIC structure was also determined to ascertain whether any subtle structural differences, compared to the homologous avian enzyme, should be taken into account for structure-based inhibitor design. These structural comparisons, as well as comparative analyses with other IMP and XMP binding proteins, have enabled a catalytic mechanism to be formulated. The primary r...
Theoretical Considerations on Inelastic Electron Scattering at High Energies

Physical arguments are presented for the conjecture that, compared with photoproduction and hadronic production, the difficulty in making large transverse momentum transfers at high energies is much less in electroproduction processes when the virtual photon is far off the mass shell. Model calculations are carried out to verify this result. In particular, in the c.m. systems of the outgoing hadrons, the angular distribution of the vector meson produced by the reactions ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}+p+{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ (or $\ensuremath{\phi}$, or $\ensuremath{\omega}$) is less peaked in the forward direction at high energies when the virtual photon is further off the mass shell. This and other possible experimental tests are discussed. This reduction of the forward peaks also makes electroproduction processes a fertile ground for testing statistical theories of high-energy collisions.
TWO-PARTICLE CORRELATION AND THE ASSOCIATED MULTIPLICITY.

We propose the study of the final hadron multiplicity as a function of $s$ and the momentum of one of the final particles. It is pointed out that this information can reveal some qualitative features of the two-particle correlation function. Predictions of general classes of models concerning this multiplicity are also pointed out.
Elective bilateral above the knee amputation in T4-complete spinal cord injury: a case report.

Elective bilateral above the knee amputation in T4-complete spinal cord injury: a case report
The effect of use of a wrist orthosis during functional activities on surface electromyography of the wrist extensors in normal subjects.

Wrist orthoses are advocated for patients with lateral epicondylitis on the assumption that use of the orthosis decreases muscle activity of the wrist extensors during activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of electrical activity, root mean square (RMS) calculated from surface EMG recorded over the wrist extensors, during activities when applying four conditions of wrist orthoses: dorsal; volar; semicircular; and no orthosis. Thirteen normal subjects (mean age 27.7 years) performed three lifting and two gripping tasks, repeated on three consecutive days under four orthotic conditions. Measured were RMS and maximum voluntary grip strength. Repeated measures ANOVA's indicated a significant decrease of RMS using the semicircular design during lifting (p < .0005). Grip strength decreased significantly using all three orthotic designs, but RMS recorded during gripping did not. It was concluded that application of a wrist orthosis reduces electrical activity of the wrist extensors less than anticipated and only during lifting.
Attention training to reduce attention bias and social stressor reactivity: An attempt to replicate and extend previous findings

Cognitive theories suggest that social anxiety is maintained, in part, by an attentional bias toward threat. Recent research shows that a single-session of attention modification training (AMP) reduces attention bias and vulnerability to a social stressor (Amir, Weber, Beard, Bomyea, & Taylor, 2008). In addition, exercise may augment the effects of attention training by its direct effects on attentional control and inhibition, thereby allowing participants receiving the AMP to more effectively disengage attention from the threatening cues and shift attention to the neutral cues. We attempted to replicate and extend previous findings by randomizing participants (N = 112) to a single-session of: a) Exercise + attention training (EX + AMP); b) Rest + attention training (REST + AMP); c) Exercise + attention control condition (EX + ACC); or d) Rest + attention control condition (REST + ACC) prior to completing a public speaking challenge. We used identical assessment and training procedures to those employed by Amir et al. (2008). Results showed there was no effect of attention training on attention bias or anxiety reactivity to the speech challenge and no interactive effects of attention training and exercise on attention bias or anxiety reactivity to the speech challenge. The failure to replicate previous findings is discussed.
Nesiritide Prolongs Hospital Length of Stay in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Introduction: Furosemide and other loop diuretics are mainstays in the medical management of heart failure (HF). While essential in achieving euvolemia in the HF patient, increasing data suggests that excessive furosemide may impair renal blood flow and renal function, which are significantly negative prognostic markers in HF. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of reducing furosemide doses on renal function in stable HF patients with and without renal insufficiency. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that furosemide reduction would be both safe and result in improved renal function among stable HF patients with baseline renal insufficiency. Methods: Inclusion criteria were stable NYHA Class 2/3 stable systolic (EF!40%) HF subjects with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 60 ml/min/ 1.72m2 (normal renal function; n513). Participants must have been on stable doses of furosemide for 3 months prior to study initiation. Baseline iothalamate GFR, PAH determination of effective renal plasma flow (RPF), Minnesota Living with HF Quality (MLHFQ) Score, and 6-minute walk were assessed. Participants then decreased their furosemide dose by 50% for 3 weeks and titrated furosemide dose as needed based on a pre formulated algorithm. Following three weeks of reduced furosemide, subjects underwent repeat assessment of GFR, RPF, MLHFQ Score, and 6 minute walk. At the conclusion of the study, furosemide dose was returned to the pre-study dose. Results: Baseline GFR was 42613 ml/min/1.72 m2 and 78611 ml/min/1.72 m2 and the mean daily furosemide was 38618 and 36618 mg in the reduced and normal renal function cohorts respectively. During the 3 weeks of reduced furosemide dosing the mean daily dose was 21611 and 20613 mg in the reduced and normal renal function cohorts respectively. No adverse effects were noted. Following three weeks of reduced furosemide, GFR increased to 50616 ml/min/1.72 m2 (p!0.01 vs baseline) in the reduced renal function cohort with a trend for RPF to increase. GFR was not significantly changed in the normal renal function cohort. Reduction in furosemide did not adversely impact 6 minute walk distance or the MLHF Q Score in either cohort. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that among NYHA class 2/3 stable HF subjects with impaired renal function, a reduction in daily furosemide is safe and associated with improved renal function. Lowered furosemide dosing in the setting of normal renal function had no significant impact on GFR. Further studies are warranted to determine if these physiological findings would translate into improved clinical outcomes.
The Neurobiological Basis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Treatment

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Basic Science and Clinical Practice is an edited volume on a topic of great interest to the lay public, clinicians, and research scientists. Because many of the readers of Neuron may not be familiar with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it seems propitious to first describe this all too common psychiatric disorder. PTSD is the only syndrome in the entire Diagnostic and Statistical Manual–IV (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatric Association, that occurs as a consequence of exposure to a stressor, namely a traumatic event.
Interrelation Between Central and Peripheral Mechanisms Regulating Blood Pressure

Electrical stimulation of selected discrete sites in the diencephalon induced a profound and coordinated response consisting of increased respiratory activity, limb movements, and cardiovascular adjustments. The effects on the cardiovascular system were similar to those of exercise, although the increases in aortic pressure, left ventricular pressure, and heart rate were greater. Massive splanchnicnerve discharge occurred immediately when the diencephalon was stimulated, but splanchilic activity abruptly fell below control levels with cessation of the stimulus. The increase in respiratory activity and the organized running movements seen during stimu lation apparently did miot contribute to the pressor and cardioaccelerator responses. There appeared to be no marked difference between control and diencephalic-stimulation experiments in the ease with which in duced pressure pulsations in the partially isolated carotid sinus caused bradycardia and blood-pressure depression. It may be that the influences of the diencephalon and carotid- sinus reflex upon blood pressures are inde pendent and sum algebraically. Experiments in which effects of epinephrine on splanchnic-nerve activity and systemic arterial pressure were measured before and during dieneephalic stimulation did not support the concept that catecholamines have an important role in normal pressor responses.
Measuring sap flow with the heat balance approach using constant and variable heat inputs

The performance of a heat balance-based sap flow gauge design, capable of alternating variable heat input (VHI) and constant heat input (CHI), was analyzed. The gauge employs differentially wired thermocouples to monitor differences in stem temperature and radial heat losses. The VHI method employs a control circuit to maintain a constant temperature difference between a thermocouple placed upstream from the gauge heater and a thermocouple at the heated portion of the plant stem. The CHI method applies a constant voltage to the gauge heater with no control circuit. Simultaneously, on the same plants, the effect of the placement of thermocouples, either inserted into the stem structure or placed on the surface, was also investigated. Sets of 15 min and daily integrated measurements were compared with gravimetric water losses determined by lysimetry. The evaluation included three plant species: sunflower (Helianthus), maize (Zea maize) and potato (Solanum tuberosum). The results showed that the VHI gauges tended to underestimate flows for both the 15 min and daily sap flows. The CHI gauges gave generally better results and were easier to implement and monitor. No consistent differences in the performance of the inserted and surface-mounted thermocouples were found; any differences that were noted were generally small and of no practical significance. An exception was the case of sunflower CHI at large flow rates, when the inserted thermocouples outperformed the surface-mounted ones. Important departures between gauge sap flows and lysimetric plant water losses at low flow rates were observed. Gauge performance was better for daily integrated flows (relative absolute error, RAE ≈ 10% for combined data) than for 15 min interval average flows (RAE = 32–36%v for combined data). However, the performance of the short-time-interval gauge improved dramatically when low flows (< 10 g h−1) were not included in the analysis.
Envelope instability as a source of diffusion

Abstract Electron cooling increases the phase space density of the cooled particles up to a certain limit. This limit is normally characterized by a strong space charge tune shift, about 0.2–0.3. This tune shift is high enough to bring the cooled beam to the threshold of the envelope instability. The envelope instability can be in a kind of dynamic equilibrium with the cooling, keeping the cooled beam at a threshold with a high level of the coherent noise. This noise acts as a diffusion for the halo particles which puts a limit on the stored current.
Analysis of DIII‐D Radiative Edge Discharges

Coupled plasma and multi-charge state impurity transport simulations are performed to analyze recent DIII-D discharges with a strong radiating edge resulting from the injection of non-intrinsic impurities. Good agreement between the simulations and the experiment is obtained using a Bohm model for the main plasma ion and energy transport and a simple fixed-shape model for the transport of the impurity charge states.
Violent criminals locked up: Examining the effect of incarceration on behavioral continuity

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the current study was to determine whether, and the degree to which, inmates committing specific types of violent crimes in the community were prone to commit acts of violence while incarcerated. Materials and methods Data were collected from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice on the prison stock population and a restricted admissions cohort serving time during FY 2008. Results After controlling for pre-prison and post-conviction characteristics, crime of conviction retained a modest degree of influence on inmates’ propensity to commit dangerous rule violations in prison. Inmates convicted of assault, robbery and other miscellaneous violent crimes were more likely to commit dangerous rule infractions than inmates convicted of property crimes, supporting the behavioral continuity thesis. Inmates convicted of homicide were no more likely, and those convicted of sexual assault less likely, to commit dangerous rule violations in comparison to those convicted of property crimes. Conclusions The findings suggest that researchers and prison officials should not view all inmates convicted of one of a broad category of “violent crimes” in the community as being equivalent in their propensity for violence while incarcerated.
Reversal of electrical remodeling after cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation

Introduction: In animals, atrial fibrillation results in reversible atrial electrical remodeling manifested as shortening of the atrial effective refractory period, slowing of intra-atrial conduction, and prolongation of sinus node recovery time. There is limited information on changes in these parameters after cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods and Results: Thirty-eight patients who had been in atrial fibrillation for 1 to 12 months underwent electrophysiologic testing 10 minutes and 1 hour after cardioversion. At 1 week, 19 patients still in sinus rhythm returned for repeat testing. Reverse remodeling of the effective refractory period was not uniform across the three atrial sites tested. At the lateral right atrium, there was a highly significant increase in the effective refractory period between 10 minutes and 1 hour after cardioversion (drive cycle length 400 ms: 204 ± 17 ms vs 211 ± 20 ms, drive cycle length 550 ms: 213 ± 18 ms vs 219 ± 23 ms, P < 0.001). The effective refractory period at the coronary sinus and distal coronary sinus did not change in the first hour but had increased by 1 week. The corrected sinus node recovery time did not change in the first hour but was shorter at 1 week (606 ± 311 ms vs 408 ± 160 ms, P = 0.009). P wave duration also was shorter at 1 week (135 ± 18 ms vs 129 ± 13 ms, P = 0.04) consistent with increasing atrial conduction velocity. Conclusion: The atrial effective refractory period increases, sinus node function improves, and atrial conduction velocity goes up in the first week after cardioversion of long-standing atrial fibrillation in humans. Reverse electrical remodeling of the effective refractory period occurs at different rates in different regions of the atrium. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 507-512, May 2004)
Options: Racial/Ethnic Identification of Children of Intermarried Couples*

Objective. Whites of various European ethnic backgrounds usually have weak ethnic attachment and have options to identify their ethnic identity (Waters, 1990). What about children born to interracially married couples? Methods. I use 1990 Census data—the last census in which only one race could be chosen—to examine how African American-white, Latino-white, Asian American-white, and American Indian-white couples identify their children's race/ethnicity. Results. Children of African American-white couples are least likely to be identified as white, while children of Asian American-white couples are most likely to be identified as white. Intermarried couples in which the minority spouse is male, native born, or has no white ancestry are more likely to identify their children as minorities than are those in which the minority spouse is female, foreign born, or has part white ancestry. In addition, neighborhood minority concentration increases the likelihood that biracial children are identified as minorities. Conclusion. This study shows that choices of racial and ethnic identification of multiracial children are not as optional as for whites of various European ethnic backgrounds. They are influenced by race/ethnicity of the minority parent, intermarried couples' characteristics, and neighborhood compositions.
DOE Thermal Regimes Drilling Program through 1988

To investigate the thermal, chemical, and mechanical behavior of magma during its ascent toward the surface, four holes were continuously cored into an igneous system young enough to be essentially unchanged since its emplacement. The system investigated was the 600-year-old Inyo chain of rhyolitic domes and flows in Long Valley, California (Figure 2). Three holes were drilled in or adjacent to Obsidian Dome at the north end of the chain, just outside the Long Valley caldera. One was drilled beneath the phreatic south Inyo Crater, at the south end of the chain in the west moat of the caldera. The first hole was drilled in 1983 and penetrated the side of the lava dome, and continued into the underlying Tertiary basalt. The second hole, drilled in 1984, intersected and passed through the dome's vent and into Sierran granitic rock. The third hole, also drilled in 1984, sampled the rhyolitic feeder dike 1 km south of the dome's vent, where the magma did not reach the surface. The dike is part of the shallow dike system that underlies the Inyo chain.