cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vascular remodeling alters adhesion protein and cytoskeleton reactions to inflammatory stimuli resulting in enhanced permeability increases in rat venules

Vascular remodeling has been implicated in many inflammation-involved diseases. This study aims to investigate the microvascular remodeling-associated alterations in cell-cell adhesion and cytoskel...
Thermal and complex impedance analysis of amorphous and crystalline lithium salt mixtures

Abstract Amorphous electrolytes consisting of the lithium salts, Li[R-NSO 2 CF 3 ] were prepared and the attendant low ionic conductivities of the lithium salt mixtures (∼1×10 −6 S cm −1 at room temperature) are attributed to high glass transition temperatures. An example is the novel amorphous salt, Li[18-C-6NSO 2 CF 3 ] which produces an amorphous salt mixture with Li[N(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 ] (LiTFSI).
Collusion-free protocols

Secure protocols attempt to minimize the injuries to privacy and correctness inflicted by malicious participants who collude during run-time. They do not, however, prevent malicious parties from colluding and coordinating their actions in the first place!Eliminating such collusion of malicious parties during the execution of a protocol is an important and exciting direction for research in Cryptography. We contribute the first general result in this direction: (1) We provide a rigorous definition of what a collusion-free protocol is; and (2) We prove that, under standard physical and computational assumptions ---i.e., plain envelopes and trapdoor permutations---collusion-free protocols exist for all finite protocol tasks with publicly observable actions. (Note that such tasks are allowed to have secret global state, and thus include Poker, Bridge, and other such games.Our solution is tight in the sense that, for a collusion-free protocol to exist, each of (a) the finiteness of the game of interest, (b) the public observability of its actions, and (c) the use of some type of physically private channel is provably essential.
An evaluation of a health program for foster home children in an industrial community

Summary The mortality was studied in a group of 27,374 children over a twenty-year period and a comparison was drawn between a program in which were stressed prophylaxis and constant attention to an improved general state and one in which medical care was given chiefly during illness. A striking decrease in mortality was demonstrated, which was greater than could be attributed to the improvement noted in the figures for the population at large and for similar groups of wards of charitable agencies.
Characterization of liquefied wood residues from different liquefaction conditions

The amount of wood residue is used as a measurement of the extent of wood liquefaction. Characterization of the residue from wood liquefaction provides a new approach to understand some fundamental aspects of the liquefaction reaction. Residues were characterized by wet chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Klason lignin content of the residues decreased, while the holocellulose and α-cellulose contents increased as the phenol to wood ratio (P/W) increased. A peak at 1735 cm−1, which was attributed to the ester carbonyl group in xylan, disappeared in the FTIR spectra of the residues from liquefied wood under a sealed reaction system, indicating significantly different effects of atmospheric versus sealed liquefaction. The crystallinity index of the residues was higher than that of the untreated wood particles and slightly increased with an increase in the P/W ratio. The SEM images of the residues showed that the fiber bundles were reduced to small-sized bundles or even single fibers as the P/W ratio increased from 1/1 to 3/1, which indicated that the lignin in the middle lamella had been dissolved prior to the cellulose during liquefaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Protein Conformational Gate Controlling Binding Site Preference and Migration for Ubiquinone-B in the Photosynthetic Reaction Center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides

An abundance of X-ray-derived structural data exists for the photosynthetic reaction center of the purple bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides; yet, the preferred binding site of the secondary electron...
Stenting for malignant colonic obstruction: a comparison of efficacy and complications in colonic versus extracolonic malignancy

Background Self-expandable metal stent placement for palliation of malignant colonic obstruction for colorectal cancer (CRC) is safe and efficacious. In contrast, outcomes of stent placement for extracolonic malignancy (ECM) are unclear. Objective To compare the success and complication rates of colorectal stenting in patients with CRC versus those with ECM. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary-care academic medical center. Patients and Interventions Between September 2000 and December 2007, all patients with malignant colon obstruction in whom endoscopy was performed with the intention of placing a colonic metal stent. Main Outcome Measurements Technical and clinical success rates, surgical interventions, and procedure-related complications. Results Colonic stenting was performed for CRC in 34 patients and for ECM in 15 patients. Patients with CRC were more likely to have clinical success after all endoscopic therapy (94.1%) than those with ECM (20.0%) ( P P = .046). Only underlying ECM was predictive of failed colon stent placement by multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 21.0, P = .0013). A history of radiation therapy was the sole predictor of complications (hazard ratio 7.8, P = .048). Limitations Single institution, retrospective analysis, relatively small sample size. Conclusions Colon stenting for large-bowel obstruction from ECM is infrequently successful and is associated with a significantly higher risk of complications in comparison with patients with CRC.
ICS-II USA Research Locations: Environmental, Dental Care Delivery System, and Population Sociodemographic Characteristics

Secondary data sources are used to describe the ICS-II USA research locations in terms of external environment, dental care delivery system, and population sociodemographics. The Native American reservations located in Arizona, New Mexico, and South Dakota were rural, while the other research locations were primarily urban. Baltimore, Maryland, and the Native American communities had fluoridated water, but San Antonio did not. Dental services in Baltimore and San Antonio were predominantly financed by private sources, with a small public health component. Dental care services in Native American communities were largely Indian Health Services (IHS) financed by the US Government. Each geographical area exhibited diverse characteristics indicating unique challenges for the delivery of community and clinical dental services.
A Dynamic Analysis of a Spatial Mechanism With a Passive Degree of Freedom

A method is developed for kinematic and dynamic analysis of a spatial mechanisms that has one or more links with a passive degree of freedom. The Sphere-Sphere (SS) link, the most commonly known link having a passive degree of freedom, is investigated to develop in detail displacement, velocity, and acceleration matrices for complete kinematics. The dynamic analysis of the RSSR mechanism is presented as an example, using the developed kinematic method for SS links and Euler’s equations of motion.
New York State's Cardiac Surgery Reporting System : four years later

This study examined changes in the risk-adjusted mortality associated with coronary artery bypass grafting procedures performed in New York State during the first 4 years of New York's Cardiac Surgery Reporting System (1989 to 1992). To track performance over time, surgeons and hospitals were subdivided into three groups on the basis of their performance in 1989. The risk-adjusted mortality for each of the three groups was computed for 1992 and compared with their 1989 mortality. The results indicate that all groups of providers exhibited large reductions in the risk-adjusted mortalities, with the groups that showed the highest initial mortalities manifesting the most improvement. However, the group rankings remained the same in 1992 as they were in 1989. For example, when the hospital groups were based on the terciles of risk-adjusted mortality observed in 1989, the risk-adjusted mortality decreased from 2.72% to 2.19% for group 1, from 4.24% to 2.51% for group 2, and from 7.12% to 2.77% for group 3. Notably, the risk-adjusted mortalities of the three groups were all significantly different from one another in 1989, but were not significantly different from one another in 1992. Another interesting finding was that the volume of operations performed by the various provider groups did not change substantially in the 4-year period.
Analysis of emergency management of acute myocardial infarction knowledge and skills decay

Introduction: Retention of cognitive knowledge and skill ability is a recognized challenge in all disciplines of health care. It is generally agreed that knowledge and skills decay over time. Many refresher-training programs for emergency medical services (EMS) personnel are offered in two-year cycles. Strategies based on the analysis of knowledge and skill decay over time can be used to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of refresher training programs. Hypothesis: In the absence of refresher training, knowledge and skills necessary for emergency management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) will persistently decline over time. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of pre- and post-test data collected over a five-year period (January 5, 1999, to March 9, 2004) from a randomized set of learners enrolled in our emergency management of AMI training program. The difference between initial post-test and next pre-test score was compared with the interval between trainings. Practicing paramedic learners were grouped into 180-day intervals for comparison and correlation. Results: The scores from 168 learners were evaluated. The average cognitive declines out of a possible 100 points for the shortest interval (180 days) and the longest interval (1,825 days) were 22.00 and 21.15, respectively. This was not statistically significant. There was no correlation in the average decline of knowledge and skill and the time interval between initial and refresher training ( r = −0.05367). Conclusion: Decline in knowledge and skill for emergency management of AMI occurs less than 180 days after initial training and reaches a nadir that remains stable over five years. Educators should evaluate and determine the knowledge and skills that are most likely to decline over time and use this information to redesign refresher-training programs. Knowledge and skill content that remains stable over time may be reduced or eliminated from refresher programs so more focus is dedicated to “decay-prone” competencies. This has tremendous implications on the development and implementation of training programs, as it has the potential to lead to more efficient programs of study.
Increase in nonhepatic diagnoses among persons with hepatitis C hospitalized for any cause, United States, 2004–2011

Summary Although persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may experience nonhepatic illnesses, little is known about the frequency of and trends in such conditions in a population-based sample of HCV-infected persons. Using hospitalization data collected during 2004–2011 from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, we examined trends in comorbidities among all hospitalizations that included either a principal or secondary HCV diagnostic code (i.e., HCV was not necessarily the cause for hospitalization). We also compared comorbidities among all persons aged 45–64 years hospitalized with and without principal or secondary HCV diagnostic codes. The estimated number of hospitalizations among persons with HCV infection increased from 850 490 in 2004–2005 to 1 178 633 in 2010–2011; mean age at hospitalization was 50 years in 2004–2005 and 52.5 years in 2010–2011. There were significant increases in the prevalence of most medical and psychiatric comorbidities; the largest were for lipid disorders, chronic kidney disease and obesity. Among HCV-infected aged 45–64 persons hospitalized for any cause, the prevalence of alcohol /substance abuse, mental disorders, chronic kidney disease, pneumonia, hepatitis B virus infection and HIV infection were significantly higher than those aged 45–64 persons hospitalized without HCV infection (P < 0.001 for all). The prevalence of cryoglobulinaemia, vasculitis, nephrotic syndrome or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and porphyria cutanea tarda among hospitalizations with HCV infection was consistently low during the study period (i.e., <0.5%). The increase we observed in nonhepatic comorbidities associated with a high risk of HCV-related complications has important implications for the current HCV treatment recommendations in a greatly expanded treatment population.
Handicapped child characteristics and maternal involvement

Abstract Research on maternal involvement with a handicapped child has frequently focused on discrete behaviours rather than on more general aspects of the interaction, although it has been suggested that the quality and sensitivity of maternal involvement may be more salient to the development of the child. While it is clear that characteristics of both mother and child influence the relationship, considering the complex nature of the maternal and child factors, the separate contributions of each have not been adequately studied. This study of 176 mother-child pairs was designed to investigate child characteristics that might affect the amount, quality and appropriateness of maternal behaviour. Results indicated that, although the amount of maternal involvement was unrelated to child characteristics, the severity of the handicap, the interactive behaviour, and temperament type of the child accounted for a significant percentage of both the quality and appropriateness of the mother's behaviour.
Schizotypal and hypomanic traits, creativity, and psychological health

There are both theoretical and empirical linkages between the functioning of creative and eminent individuals and a variety of forms of psychopa‐thology, in particular schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. Thought disorder is conceptually and empirically related to creative Divergent Thinking; schizophrenics and their relatives sometimes show evidence of highly creative adaptations; and psychiatric symptoms, notably manic and impulsive behaviors, are observed in creative and eminent individuals. Recent work has studied both psychopathological and creative functioning as continua rather than as categories or classes. The present study is unique in its use of a population that is both nonclinical and noneminent and examines the relationship between pencil and paper measures of psychotic‐like experiences, creativity, and psychological health. Results indicate that unusual perceptual experiences and beliefs, Hypomanic traits, and Impulsive Nonconformity are associated with creative attitudes and activ...
Application of search methods in modeling integral horsepower AC motors with microprocessor-based power electronic controllers

An optimum model is found for a three-horsepower AC motor and load controlled by a modern microprocessor-based power electronic controller. The proposed model includes the introduction of an integration term into the linear dynamics as well as two nonlinear terms, one of which depends upon user-selected parameters in the controller. The model form for a particular motor-load combination is optimized by minimizing a performance criterion based upon the difference in speed between test data and data predicted by the model in which parameters are varied. The simulation of the model indicates that in open-loop operation the motor dynamics are typically masked by user-selected controller parameters. A suggested method of operating the actual system allows the motor dynamics to be observed and estimated. Simulation results are compared with test data in both modes.
What do government agencies consider in the debate over added sugars

Although some federal agencies (e.g., some within the USDA) are responsible for fiscal support of food production or promotion of food purchases resulting from legislation enacted by Congress, other agencies of the government are responsible for research, public health, food assistance, food labeling, and advertising. At times, these 2 fundamental roles of government can be at odds with each other. The former responsibility is primarily a result of political decisions, whereas the latter functions are not. Ultimately, reliable and relevant scientific data are the primary drivers when federal agencies consider added sugars in the diet. Although each federal agency has its own needs based on different missions including research, public health, and food assistance, there are a number of general policies that all agencies refer to regarding all components of the diet. The primary documents are the dietary reference intakes (DRI) (1) and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) (2). In addition to those 2 primary sources, federal agencies also consider changes in the food supply, time trends in dietary intake, the prevalence of obesity, and the relationship of these to chronic diseases. Some types of studies such as ecologic analyses have been wrong more than correct in linking nutrients or foods with chronic diseases and case–control studies have not fared much better in elucidating cause-and-effect relationships. Obesity has become a dominant issue for every federal agency that deals with any aspect of food production or consumption, whether from a perspective of economics, research, public health, policy, labeling, or education.
Fast calibration for 3D ultrasound imaging and multimodality image registration

We have developed a fast and accurate calibration method for computing the position and orientation of 2D ultrasound (US) images in 3D space during an ultrasound scan. This calibration is required in the fields of 3D ultrasound and registration of ultrasound with other imaging modalities, Our method requires only one US image and it takes only 2-3 minutes to be completed.
Exploiting global optimizations for openmp programs in the openuh compiler

The advent of new parallel architectures has increased the need for parallel optimizing compilers to assist developers in creating efficient code. OpenUH is a state-of-the-art optimizing compiler, but it only performs a limited set of optimizations for OpenMP programs due to its conservative assumptions of shared memory programming. These limitations may prevent some OpenMP applications from being fully optimized to the extent of its sequential counterpart. This paper describes our design and implementation of a parallel data flow framework, consisting of a Parallel Control Flow Graph (PCFG) and a Parallel SSA (PSSA) representation in OpenUH, to model data flow for OpenMP programs. This framework enables the OpenUH compiler to perform all classical scalar optimizations for OpenMP programs, in addition to conducting OpenMP specific optimizations.
Experiences teaching a graduate research methods course

Teaching research methods to computer science graduate students presents a number of significant challenges. Of particular concern is the extreme breadth of material that must be covered and the diversity of the students taking the course. This paper describes the implementation of the graduate research methods course at Virginia tech. The primary goal of this course is to improve the ability of research-track students to perform graduate research and more generally to prepare for their professional career (not necessarily in research). A notable feature of our implementation is the use of authentic assignments whenever possible.
Effects of tissue stiffness, ultrasound frequency, and pressure on histotripsy-induced cavitation bubble behavior

Histotripsy is an ultrasound ablation method that controls cavitation to fractionate soft tissue. In order to effectively fractionate tissue, histotripsy requires cavitation bubbles to rapidly expand from nanometer-sized initial nuclei into bubbles often larger than 50 µm. Using a negative pressure high enough to initiate a bubble cloud and expand bubbles to a sufficient size, histotripsy has been shown capable of completely fractionating soft tissue into acelluar debris resulting in effective tissue removal. Previous work has shown that the histotripsy process is affected by tissue mechanical properties with stiffer tissues showing increased resistance to histotripsy fractionation, which we hypothesize to be caused by impeded bubble expansion in stiffer tissues. In this study, the hypothesis that increases in tissue stiffness cause a reduction in bubble expansion was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. High speed optical imaging was used to capture a series of time delayed images of bubbles produced inside mechanically tunable agarose tissue phantoms using histotripsy pulses produced by 345 kHz, 500 kHz, 1.5 MHz, and 3 MHz histotripsy transducers. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in maximum bubble radius (Rmax) and collapse time (tc) with both increasing Young's modulus and increasing frequency. Furthermore, results showed that Rmax was not increased by raising the pressure above the intrinsic threshold. Finally, this work demonstrated the potential of using a dual-frequency strategy to modulate the expansion of histotripsy bubbles. Overall, the results of this study improve our understanding of how tissue stiffness and ultrasound parameters affect histotripsy-induced bubble behavior and provide a rational basis to tailor acoustic parameters for treatment of the specific tissues of interest.
A comparative study of the performance characteristics of new inorganic scintillator detectors for PET

We present a comparative study of the properties of /spl gamma/-ray detectors made of recently discovered inorganic scintillators. In the present study we include CeF/sub 3/, LSO, PbCO/sub 3/, PbSO/sub 4/ and compare with BGO and BaF/sub 2/. We consider cylindrical detectors of various radii and lengths. The main characteristics that we study are detector efficiency, and timing, as functions of energy threshold, and geometrical dimensions of the detector.
A Dialogue on Dialogue

The Dialogic Emergence of Culture. Dennis Tedlock and Bruce Mannheim. eds. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995. 302 pp.
Efficiently tracking application interactions using lightweight virtualization

In this paper, we propose a general-purpose framework that harnesses the power of lightweight virtualization to track applications interactions in a scalable an efficient manner. Our goal is to use our framework for application auditing, intrusion detection, analysis, and system recovery from both malicious attacks and programmatic faults. In our framework, we construct each virtualized environment (VE) in a novel way that limits the scope and type of application events that need to be monitored.Our approach maintains the VE and system integrity, having as primarily focused on the interactions among VEs and system resources including the file system, memory, and network. Only events that are pertinent to the integrity of an application and its interactions with the operating system are recorded. We attempt to minimize the system overhead both in terms of system events we have to store and the resources required. Even though we cannot provide application replay, we keep enough information for a wide range of other uses including system recovery and information tracking among others. As a proof of concept, we have implemented a prototype based on OpenVZ[35], a lightweight virtualization tool. Our preliminary results show that, compared to state-of-the-art event recording systems, we can reduce the amount of event recorded per application by almost an order of magnitude.
Should Dynamic Scoring Be Done with Heterogeneous Agent-Based Models? Challenging the Conventional Wisdom

Traditionally, Dynamic Scoring calculations experiments are carried out using representative agent based macroeconomic models. Existing literature does not provide any objection to this approach. In this paper, I develop a heterogeneous agent model similar to the Saver-Spenders model of Mankiw (2000). But spenders in my model are merely credit constrained and not rule-of-thumb consumers. Both groups are intertemporal optimizers because of the existence of Internal Habit Persistence. Transition path of most of the macro and fiscal variables for various tax cuts under alternative financing scheme shows pattern which are significantly different and sometimes contrasting to the representative agent model. Dynamic scoring calculations reveal a downward bias of the representative agent model. Underestimation of the dynamic response could be as large as 45%. Finally, steady state results indicate smaller impact of contractionary policies on major fiscal variables such as net tax revenue and tax base. Over all, the paper argues that the need to use heterogeneous agent based model in dynamic fiscal calculations is not only desirable, but also essential.
Adult-type Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Children Experience with Seven Cases

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not well recognized in children. We report seven individuals, ranging in age from 1.5 to 16 years. The clinical picture of ARDS reached a peak in 72 hours from admission and was associated with a 28.5 per cent death rate (2/7). In no case was an organism isolated, either from bronchial washings via a flexible bronchoscope or from open lung biopsy specimen. ARDS is characterized by severe damage to the alveolar-capillary unit and probably inadequate production of lung surfactant, resulting in severe hypoxia, hypoxemia, intrapulmonary shunting, and marked decline in pulmonary compliance. The prognosis remains poor in the pediatric age group. The pathophysiology of this entity is outlined, with guidance for monitoring and therapy.
Uniformly valid body-wave ray theory

SUMMARY We present a uniformly valid ray theory for body-wave propagation in laterally heterogeneous earth models. This is accomplished by implementing Maslov theory, which is a 3-D analogue of the widely used WKBJ seismogram method for spherically symmetric earth models. Away from caustics, complete seismic waveforms can be calculated by solving a system of 14 coupled first-order ordinary differential equations: four equations determine the ray geometry, eight additional equations determine the amplitude, and two further equations determine traveltime and attenuation. In the vicinity of a caustic, neighbouring rays cross, and asymptotic ray theory breaks down. Rather than considering the contribution to the wavefield of one single ray, our strategy is to express the wavefield in the vicinity of a caustic as a summation over neighbouring, non-Fermat rays based upon Maslov theory. Away from caustics, Maslov theory reduces to asymptotic ray theory. We present examples of the ray geometry in the 3-D model SKS12WM13, and demonstrate that small-scale triplications in the traveltime curve associated with large-scale heterogeneities in the lowermost mantle are ubiquitous. The theory is applicable to direct, turning and reflected waves, may to a limited extent be advanced to include head waves, but does not describe waves that are diffracted into the deep shadow. The determination of the geometric ray that connects a given source and receiver is based upon a 'shooting' method. Initial guesses for the take-off angles are determined based upon perturbation theory, which substantially reduces the number of iterations required to hit a receiver. Perturbation theory also provides predictions for arrival angles and amplitude anomalies. These predictions incorporate the effects of longwavelength topography on internal boundaries and the free surface, and may be used as a basis for tomographic inversions. Generally, predictions based upon perturbation theory agree very well with exact 3-D ray tracing. Just as traveltime measurements provide constraints on velocity, arrival angles constrain velocity gradients, and amplitude anomalies put constraints on second derivatives in velocity. In SKS12WM13, traveltime anomalies can be as much as 10 s, arrival-angle anomalies can be larger than +5", and 3-D amplitudes can differ by more than 100 per cent from PREM amplitudes.
Targeted Warfare: Individuating Enemy Responsibility

Legitimacy of the use of military force is undergoing a fundamental but insufficiently appreciated moral and legal transformation. Whereas the traditional practices and laws of war defined “the enemy” in terms of categorical, group-based judgments that turned on status – a person was an enemy not because of any specific actions he himself engaged in, but because he was a member of an opposing army – we are now moving to a world that, implicitly or explicitly, requires the individuation of personal responsibility of specific “enemy” persons before the use of military force is justified. Increasingly, the legitimate use of military force is tied to adjudicative-like judgments about the individual acts and roles of specific “enemy” figures; that is the case whether the force involved is military detention or lethal killing. This transformation transcends the conventional debates about whether terrorism should be treated more like war or crime and is more profound in its implications. This readjustment in the basic premises underlying the justified use of military force will have, and is already having, implications for all the institutions involved in the use of military force and in the processes by which decisions are made to use force. For the military, this change will generate pressures to create internal, adjudicative-like processes to ensure accurate, credible judgments about the individual responsibility of particular “enemy” fighters. For the executive, these changes will propel greater engagement in decisions that had previously been more exclusively within the province of the military itself. For the courts, this transformation toward individuated judgments of responsibility will inevitably bring about a greater judicial role in assessing wartime judgments than in the past, as has begin to occur already. These changes are not yet directly reflected (or at least fully reflected) in the formal laws of war, but we anticipate that as these changes embed themselves in the practices of states, especially dominant states, these changes in practice will also eventually come to be embodied in the legal frameworks that regulate the use of force. This Article, after identifying this fundamental transformation as the central factor driving struggles over the proper boundaries of military force, then explores the ramifications of this change for issues like military detention and targeted killings.
The Wisconsin Hα Mapper (WHAM): A Brief Review of Performance Characteristics and Early Scientific Results

The Wisconsin Hfi Mapper (WHAM) is a recently completed facility for the detection and study of faint optical emission lines from difiuse ionised gas in the disk and halo of the Galaxy. WHAM consists of a 15 cm diameter Fabry{Perot spectrometer coupled to a 0¢ 6 m 'telescope', which provide a 1 - diameter beam on the sky and produce a 12 km s i1 resolution spectrum within a 200 km s i1 spectral window. This facility is now located at Kitt Peak in Arizona and operated remotely from Madison, Wisconsin, 2400 km distant. Early results include a velocity-resolved Hfi map of a 70 o £ 100 o region of the sky near the Galactic anticentre, the flrst detections of Hfi emission from the M I and A high velocity clouds, and the flrst detections of (O I) ‚6300 and other faint 'diagnostic' lines from the warm ionised medium. Through the summer of 1998, WHAM will be devoted almost exclusively to a survey of the northern sky, which will provide maps of the distribution and kinematics of the difiuse HII through the optical Hfi line in a manner that is analogous to earlier sky surveys of the HI made through the 21 cm line.
Electrical Aspects of Adsorbing Colloid Flotation. XVIII. NMR Studies of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Sorbed on Al(OD)3

Abstract Adsorption of dodecyl sulfate on Al(OD)3 flocs has been studied by means of proton and 13C-NMR. Spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1) of α-CH2 and the unresolved methylene proton signals were measured in monomer, micellar, and adsorbed forms of the surfactant. These results, together with the spin-spin relaxation times (T 2) estimated from the line-widths of 13C signals, indicate that dodecyl sulfate ions adsorbed on Al(OD)3 flocs are more constrained in their motions than are micellar dodecyl sulfate ions, and that the binding to the floc is through the sulfate group.
Supervised enhancement of lung nodules by use of a massive-training artificial neural network (MTANN) in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD)

Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) schemes often employ a filter for enhancement of lesions as a preprocessing step for improving sensitivity and specificity. The filter enhances objects similar to a model employed in the filter; e.g., a blob enhancement filter based on the Hessian matrix enhances sphere-like objects. Actual lesions, however, often differ from a simple model, e.g., a lung nodule is generally modeled as a solid sphere, but there are nodules of various shapes and with inhomogeneities inside such as a spiculated one and a ground-glass opacity. Thus, conventional filters often fail to enhance actual lesions. Our purpose in this study was to develop a supervised filter for enhancement of lesions by use of a massive-training artificial neural network (MTANN) in a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) scheme for detection of lung nodules in CT. The MTANN filter was trained with actual nodules in CT images to enhance actual patterns of nodules. By use of the MTANN filter, the sensitivity and specificity of our CAD scheme were improved substantially. With the database with 69 lung cancers, our CAD scheme with the MTANN filter achieve a 97% sensitivity with 6.7 false positives (FPs) per section, whereas a conventional CAD scheme with a difference-image technique achieved a 96% sensitivity with 19.3 FPs per section.
The Effects of Prandtl Numbers on Local and Average Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics in Helical Pipes

To investigate the effects of the Prandtl number and geometric parameters on the local and average convective heat transfer characteristics in helical pipes, experiments with three different fluids-air, water, and ethylene glycol-were carried out on five uniformly heated helical pipes. The test sections were made from 22.9 mm I.D. and 10.2 mm I.D. 304 stainless steel pipes. The ratios of the pipe diameter and pitch to coil diameter (d/D and b/D) ranged from 0.0267 to 0.0884 and 0.20 to 2.56, respectively. The peripheral and average, fully developed Nusselt numbers were evaluated in the experiments. Experimental findings indicate that after two turns (X > 2) the temperature distributions along the wall are almost parallel to the linear fluid bulk temperatures, and all dimensionless peripheral wall temperatures are nearly identical, implying that both the flow and temperature distribution within the helical pipes are fully developed.
A New Dynamic Version Control Method Oriented the Complex Product

There are a lot of dynamic changing problems for design version in the complex product design process. We have study a dynamic version control technology for result it. Firstly, we have researched the three level version control model, including the complex product structure layer, the node version tree layer and the version structure layer. Secondly, we have researched the version control model operations, including the version structure operations and the version operations, and analyzed the implementation of the version generation function and the version mergence function. Finally, the method has been applied and verified in the development of an aircraft flight loads integrated design platform.
Processes of Peer Influences in Adolescence

Adolescence is traditionally considered to be the period in life when peer influences are most intense. Because adolescents are still members of parental family units and occupy the social roles of children toward whom parents have since their births exerted important socialization functions, a basic issue in adolescent socialization is the extent to which adolescent development proceeds in response to peer or to parental influences (Brofenbrenner, 1970; Hartup, 1979; Kandel & Lesser, 1972). A pervasive notion is that there is a “generation gap”, with adolescents assumed to function completely independent and in opposition to the world of adults. Social commentators such as the late Margaret Mead (1970) or the noted sociologist James S. Coleman (1970, 1973) stress the emergence of strong adolescent subcultures and the increased separation between parents and their adolescent children. The emergence of these distinct subcultures has been attributed to structural changes in social organization: the fact that adolescents spend most of their lives segregated in schools with peers of their own age; the lengthening of schooling; and the reduced responsibilities for participation in the labor force. Insulation from parents and other adults is assumed to result in the elimination of parental ability to influence their adolescent children.
Axisymmetric Magnetohydrodynamic Channel Flow

Summary x =: axial component r = radial component = condition at wall The axisymmetric subsonic and supersonic flow fields, and the skin friction and heat transfer of an electrically conducting com­ pressible fluid flowing in a channel of constant circular area through a magnetic field are investigated when the magnetic Remolds number is small. The inviscid-flow field for flow through a dipole field is solved by the method of characteristics in the supersonic case. For the subsonic case, linearized equa­ tions are derived for small values of the magnetic interaction parameter. Numerical results are obtained by the relaxation method. The inviscid-flow-field solutions are used as boundary condi­ tions for the laminar boundary layer along the wall, in which axial pressure gradients form an important feature. The exact continuum-flow equations are reduced by an order-of-magnitude analysis to the boundary-layer equations, which are solved nu­ merically by an integral method using a fourth-degree velocit}^ profile and a fifth-degree stagnation-enthalpy profile. Pressure, temperature, and heat-transfer measurements are made with a shock tube under supersonic-flow conditions closely approaching those used in the numerical computations. Gen­ eral agreement is found between the theoretical and the experi­ mental results.
Recent advances in addictive disorders. Prevention. Current research and trends.

This review article discusses current approaches to the prevention of alcohol and other drug abuse. The primary causal factors that lead to this multifaceted problem are examined. Specific intervention methodologies, such as supply and demand reduction, community and organizational collaboration, and environmental controls, are examined. Emphasis also is placed on the emerging prevention strategies that focus on developing personal levels of resiliency.
Coping with college and inflammatory bowel disease: implications for clinical guidance and support

Background Studies have shown that young adults with chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), experience greater difficulty during the transition to college, reaching lower levels of educational attainment and reporting greater levels of perceived stress than their otherwise-healthy peers. We performed a qualitative study to better understand how underlying illness shapes the college experience for patients with IBD and how the college experience, in turn, impacts disease management. Methods Fifteen college students with IBD were recruited from the Boston Children's Hospital Center for IBD. We conducted an approximately 1 hour semistructured qualitative interview with each participant, and the interviews were thematically analyzed after an iterative and inductive process. Results Four primary themes were identified: (1) The transition experience of college students with IBD is shaped by their health status, perceived readiness, and preparedness, (2) Elements of the college environment pose specific challenges to young adults with IBD that require adaptive strategies, (3) College students with IBD integrate their underlying illness with their individual and social identity, and (4) College students navigate health management by conceptualizing themselves, their families, and providers as serving particular roles. Conclusions For young adults with IBD, college is a proving ground for demonstrating self-care and disease management practices. Future initiatives aimed at this population should recognize the evolving roles of patients, parents, and providers in disease management. Increased attention should also be paid to the promotion of patient's self-management and the unique challenges of the structural and psychosocial college environment.
Jet-printed Fabrication of a-Si:H Thin-film Transistors and Arrays

Phase-change wax-based printed masks were used to fabricate a-Si:H thin-film transistors (TFTs) in place of conventional lithography. Wax-mask features with a minimum feature size of ∼20 [.proportional]m was achieved using an acoustic-ink-printing process. Bottom-gate TFTs with source-drain contacts overlapping the channel were created using a four-mask process. The TFTs have I-V characteristics comparable to photolithographically patterned devices, with mobility of 0.6-1 cm 2 /V·s, threshold voltage of 2-3 V, and on/off ratios exceeding 10 7 , for devices with channel lengths below 50[.proportional]m.
Triple Shape Memory Polymers: Constitutive Modeling and Numerical Simulation

Recently, triple shape memory polymers (TSMPs) have been discovered; these materials can be programmed to switch between three distinct shapes. Previously, we introduced a model to describe the mechanical behavior of TSMPs; however, the earlier study was limited in scope to simple cases of uniaxial deformation. In this work, we build upon our prior work, and develop robust numerical methods and constitutive equations to model complex mechanical behavior of TSMPs in inhomogeneous deformations and loading conditions using a framework based on the theory of multiple natural configurations. The model has been calibrated to uniaxial experiments. In addition, the model has been implemented as a user material subroutine (UMAT) in the finite element package abaqus. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed constitutive model, we have numerically simulated two cases of three-dimensional bodies undergoing triple-shape cycles; triple-shape recovery response of a complex TSMP geometry and the triple-shape recovery response of a stent when it is inserted in an artery modeled as a compliant elastomeric tube.
Men’s Sexual Selectivity, Romantic Confidence, and Gender Ratios in the Media:

An experiment was conducted to examine the impact of media gender ratios on male audience members. One hundred thirty young adult men read a series of media narratives featuring either multiple men...
CoPRA: a Design Exemplar for Habitable, Cyber-physical Environment

This paper introduces the concept of "Compressed-Pattern, Robotic Architecture" (CoPRA), a design exemplar for purposeful, inhabitable, intelligent physical environments, spatially reconfigured by means of robotics. CoPRA is inspired by Christopher Alexander's notion of a "Compressed-Pattern Architecture," in which a single living space is reorganized to become many different, functional rooms. In our exemplar, however, this reorganization is not performed by inhabitants manually, but instead by robotics actuated in response to human activity. CoPRA represents a productive conceptual model for a growing research community within CHI focused at the interface of architectural design and embedded systems.
Research on the Simulation Test System of Instrument Transformer Secondary Voltage Drop and Secondary Load

Instrument transformer secondary voltage drop and secondary load,which directly related to the energy measurement error,are items that must be periodically tested by the power system.This paper has explored a simulation test system which can imitate the field environment of training for the power technical staff.In this system,the voltage and current instrument transformer secondary output are simulated by three-phase voltage and current source,the secondary voltage drop and secondary load are simulated by resistance and reactance sequence.The wiring mode contains the three-phase three-wire system and three-phase four-wire system.The digital signal processor(TMS320F206) is adopted as the core controller to control the parameters of the various analog devices,while the A/D conversion and operational amplifier analog circuits is employed to collect voltage,current value,power factor,transformer secondary load value,etc.The entire system is controlled by the host computer software,using RS485 serial communication protocol.Experiments show that this system has high stability and reliability,and the simulated testing indicators meet the technical requirements of field-testing.
Lidar-based relative navigation with respect to non-cooperative objects

Most navigation solutions which make use of lidar for proximity operations with respect to non-cooperative objects rely on the iterative closest point, or icp, algorithm. For correct convergence, icp requires a good initial guess as to the 6 degree-of-freedom relative pose of a client object. Some solutions require manual pose initialization; and template matching — refined by icp — was recently demonstrated as an automated solution for initialization. Additionally, some have used the output of one icp iteration as the initial guess for the next, which is inherently dangerous (since bad icp poses are propagated forward in time by the filter, by icp, or by both; and because it introduces measurement errors that are correlated with the a priori state errors). We demonstrate the use of a method borrowed from personal robotics, our-cvfh (for Oriented, Unique, and Repeatable Clustered Viewpoint Feature Histograms), for rendezvous with a tumbling object in low earth orbit as well as an asteroid in a heliocentric orbit. Our strategy requires no initial pose estimate, and refines our-cvfh results with icp; we demonstrate its utility as part of a full navigation solution with a dual-state inertial extended Kalman filter.
The Creation of Daoism

This paper examines the creation of Daoism in its earliest, pre-Eastern Han period. After an examination of the critical terms “scholar/master” ( zi 子) and “author/school” ( jia 家), I argue that, given the paucity of evidence, Sima Tan and Liu Xin should be credited with creating this tradition. The body of this article considers the definitions of Daoism given by these two scholars and all of the extant texts that Liu Xin classified as “Daoist.” Based on these texts, I then suggest an amended definition of Daoism. In the conclusion, I address the recent claim that the daojia 道家/ daojiao 道教 dichotomy is false, speculating that disagreement over this claim arises from context in which Daoism is considered: among the other pre-Qin “schools of thought” or among other world religions.