cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accurate treatment of solids with the HSE screened hybrid

Density functional theory (DFT) is the most widely used technique in the realm of first-principles electronic structure methods. Principally, this is because DFT in the Kohn–Sham (KS) formalism offers the appealing combination of relatively high accuracy and relatively low computational cost. Despite their great successes, traditional semilocal functionals fail to describe some important problems in solid state physics and materials science, the most conspicuous example being the notorious band gap problem. More sophisticated functionals providing greater accuracy without sacrificing computational efficiency are therefore needed. The Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE) screened hybrid density functional [J. Heyd, G. E. Scuseria, and M. Ernzerhof, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 8207 (2003); J. Heyd and G. E. Scuseria, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 1187 (2004)] successfully addresses some of the chief problems which plague semilocal functionals by including only the important parts of exact nonlocal Hartree–Fock-type exchange. This work discusses some of the concepts underlying HSE and provides illustrative examples highlighting the successes of HSE in numerous solid state applications.
African Literary Comment on Dictators: Wole Soyinka's Plays and Nuruddin Farah's Novels

African intellectuals grapple with political problems well before social scientists are prepared to address them. The abuse of political power constitutes one such problem: a number of African countries have suffered under dictatorships over the last 25 years, but scholars have had very little to say about their experiences to this day.1 Wole Soyinka, however, the foremost African playwright, presented a satire on the regime of Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana, 1957–66) in its later years in Kongi's Harvest (London, Ibadan, and Nairobi, 1967), a play performed already in 1965. And Camara Laye indicted the regime of Sekou Toure (Guinea, 1958–84) in his novel Dramouss (Paris, 1966)
Digital spectra of nonuniformly sampled signals: a robust sampling time offset estimation algorithm for ultra high-speed waveform digitizers using interleaving

The author presents an algorithm for estimating the sampling time offsets encountered at the parallel sampling paths of an ultra-high-speed waveform digitizing system which is realized by interleaving many sample-hold and A/D (analog/digital) converter modules. One obvious application of this algorithm is to feed these estimates back to adjustable delay units in all the sampling paths to compensate the sampling-time offsets. Simulation results indicate that with an 8-bit quantizer the residual timing error can be reduced to just about 0.05% of the sampling period. >
Concentration and characteristics of depleted uranium in water, air and biological samples collected in Serbia and Montenegro

During the Balkan conflicts, in 1995 and 1999, depleted uranium (DU) rounds were employed and were left in the battlefield. Health concern is related to the risk arising from contamination of the environment with DU penetrators and dust. In order to evaluate the impact of DU on the environment and population in Serbia and Montenegro, radiological surveys of DU in water, air and biological samples were carried out over the period 27 October–5 November 2001. The uranium isotopic concentrations in biological samples collected in Serbia and Montenegro, mainly lichens and barks, were found to be in the range of 0.67–704 Bq kg � 1 for 238 U, 0.48–93.9 Bq kg � 1 for 234 U and 0.02–12.2 Bq kg � 1 for 235 U, showing uranium levels to be higher than in the samples collected at the control sites. Moreover, 236 U was detectable in some of the samples. The isotopic ratios of 234 U/ 238 U showed DU to be detectable in many biological samples at all examined sites, especially in Montenegro, indicating widespread ground-surface DU contamination, albeit at very lowlevel. The uranium isotopic concentrations in air obtained from the air filter samples collected in Serbia and Montenegro were found to be in the range of 1.99–42.1mBq m � 3 for 238 U, 0.96–38.0mBq m � 3 for 234 U, and 0.05–1.83mBq m � 3 for 235 U, being in the typical range of natural uranium values. Thus said, most of the air samples are DU positive, this fact agreeing well with the widespread DU contamination detected in the biological samples. The uranium concentrations in water samples collected in Serbia and Montenegro were found to be in the range of 0.40–21.9 mBq l � 1 for 238 U, 0.27–28.1 mBq l � 1 for 234 U, and 0.01–0.88 mBq l � 1 for 235 U, these values being much lower than those in mineral water found in central Italy and below the WHO guideline for drinking water. From a radiotoxicological point of view, at this moment there is no significant radiological risk related to these investigated sites in terms of possible DU contamination of water, air and/or plants. r 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exhuming the 'Diversity Explanation' of the Eleventh Amendment

Symposium celebrating the 25th anniversary of the publication of William Fletcher's, "The Structure of Standing." This article comments on Fletcher's outstanding works on what is known as the "diversity explanation" or "diversity interpretation" of the Eleventh Amendment. I first try to set out the diversity explanation as concisely as I can. I then argue that its much greater cleanness in articulation and application than leading alternatives makes a powerful case for its being the most preferable approach, in that it sticks as closely as is sensible to the text while providing a workable and coherent interpretation — indeed a highly coherent one (particularly in contrast to much Eleventh Amendment and state-sovereign-immunity case law on the books). I bracket a major issue, the historical arguments over the status of state sovereign immunity around the time of the Constitution’s framing and ratification and, shortly afterward, the context in which the Eleventh Amendment was adopted and its framers’ intentions. I conclude with observations on whether the case for the diversity explanation is strong enough to justify overruling the Supreme Court’s numerous decisions on the Eleventh Amendment and state sovereign immunity, which I believe it is.
Introduction to the Thematic Minireview Series on Epigenetics

Abstract The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in our understanding of the biochemistry of "epigenetics," as exemplified by the articles in this minireview series. Epigenetics is usually defined as the study of inherited changes in phenotype of an organism or cell, caused by changes in gene expression that do not result from changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications of DNA and chromatin are essential for development of an adult organism from a fertilized egg. Each cell type in an organism expresses a distinct set of genes, but, with minor exceptions, all cells have the same DNA or genes. A fertilized egg, or zygote, changes into the numerous cell types of an organism, i.e., neurons, muscle, blood cells, etc., by activating some genes and inactivating others. Similarly, the cells within an organism respond to various stimuli by the programmed expression or repression of classes of genes.
Enhancing and Regulating Neurite Outgrowth

Numerous agents have demonstrated the potential to enhance neuronal repair following spinal cord or peripheral nerve injury using neurite outgrowth as a biomarker for axonal extension in primary cell cultures and neuronal cell lines. This article provides an assessment of the dose-response features of chemically induced neuronal outgrowth in a broad range of experimental models during normal developmental processes, following chemically induced neuronal damage or processes that simulate such damage. These findings indicate that endogenous and exogenous agents, independent of biological model, stimulate central and peripheral nervous system neuronal outgrowths in a biphasic manner consistent with the quantitative features of the hormetic dose-response model. These findings have important clinical implications as they define the plasticity of neurite outgrowth stimulatory responses with respect to the magnitude of enhancement and width of the possible therapeutic zone. The findings also display an essential role for hormetic dose-response relationships in normal neuronal-based developmental and tissue repair processes.
Broad-band characterization of millimeter-wave log-periodic antennas by photoconductive sampling

Results of photoconductive sampling measurements used to characterize millimeter-wave log-periodic antennas with continuous, simultaneous frequency coverage from 10 to 300 GHz are presented. Polarization properties are investigated employing wire-grid polarizers. This study reveals new information on structure resonances and antenna polarization. >
Paraprofessional Involvement in Self-Determination Instruction for Students with High-Incidence Disabilities:

Although enhancing students' self-determination is advocated as a central element of high-quality special education and transition services, little is known about the ways in which paraprofessionals are involved in promoting self-determination or the extent to which they share teachers' views regarding its importance. The authors surveyed 223 paraprofessionals from 115 randomly selected public schools to examine their perspectives on promoting self-determination among students with high-incidence disabilities. Overall, paraprofessionals attributed high levels of importance to each of the 7 component elements of self-determination (i.e., choice making, decision making, problem solving, goal setting and attainment, self-advocacy and leadership, self-management and self-regulation, and self-awareness and self-knowledge). The extent to which paraprofessionals reported providing instruction addressing each of the 7 components of self-determination was moderate, with average ratings all slightly above the midpo...
'Reverse Carolene Products,' the End of the Second Reconstruction, and Other Thoughts on Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action

This Article tries to make sense out of the political process doctrine in the wake of Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action.The political process doctrine made a certain amount of prudential sense when created in the late 1960s to invalidate referenda overturning fair housing laws; the Court correctly discerned that these repeals were motivated in substantial part by racism. Moreover, the justices likely thought that the constitutional-amendment-by-referendum process was grossly unfair to blacks for “reverse Carolene Products” reasons, preventing them from counteracting the political disadvantages of an isolated and unpopular minority with the advantages of a concentrated interest group.The political process doctrine became entirely unstable once the issue of “what’s good for African Americans” and “what’s motivated by racism” became less clear. This had occurred both because of a huge decline since the 1960s in racist attitudes by whites, and because the issues have changed from rectifying overt racial discrimination to more complex social policies. If the political process doctrine is unstable with regard to African Americans, it becomes positively incoherent and unworkable once one considers the diversity both among and within other “minority” groups. The Supreme Court is left with four options when it confronts the political process doctrine in the future. Option one is to limit the political process doctrine to the facts analogous to the facts that led to its adoption: a minority group and its allies manage to get a law or law passed protecting them from discrimination, but the majority overturns those laws via a constitutional amendment that changes the political process to their disadvantage.The second option is that the doctrine would only apply when voters overturn government policy meant to mitigate an unambiguous “racial injury” identified by the Court. This category is likely to be vanishingly small, at best. Third, if a liberal majority retakes the Court, it could follow Justice Sotomayor’s lead and embrace an expansive version of the political process doctrine. How to do this coherently remains unclear.Finally, the Court could follow Justice Scalia’s suggestion and eliminate the doctrine. This path would have the virtue of forthrightness and clarity, but that goes against the grain of the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence on race, which has long preferred opacity and complication. Moreover, Scalia is shy three votes for this reversal. And so, the political process doctrine, problematic thought it may be, seems likely to survive in some form for quite some time.
WD-40 Company: The Squeak, Smell, and Dirt Business (B)

In the fall of 1999, Garry Ridge, the newly appointed CEO of WD-40 Company, wanted to rejuvenate the company and stimulate its employees to look beyond the firm's relatively narrow focus of the last 43 years. The very nature of WD-40 Company's success in capturing the market had created its own limited growth opportunities. The A case (UVA-OB-0764) describes the company's one-product business success and Ridge's background. The B case reveals some of the challenges Ridge faced in implementing change. The B case tells how the new CEO helped the company achieve growth in both new products and markets through related acquisitions. Despite these purchases, however, the company's earnings failed to climb between 1998 and 2001. Ridge concluded that he needed to do more than just buy more companies, so he framed a model of strong leadership and learning theory that he thought would enable the company to outsmart its competitors. He built a framework that was demanding, yet forgiving when individuals fell short. Ridge held employees responsible for their results, but he encouraged everyone to acknowledge mistakes and learn from them. The company's financial results suggest success for his leadership model. This case series is a valuable tool for conducting conversations in the classroom about leadership and leading strategic change.
Bordetella pertussis: new concepts in pathogenesis and treatment.

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss recent findings and selected topics of interest in Bordetella pertussis virulence and pathogenesis and treatment of pertussis. It is not intended to cover issues on immune responses to B. pertussis infection or problems with currently used pertussis vaccines.
Estimation of in-vivo miscoding rates.

Abstract The replication of premutagenic DNA lesions generates mutant progeny in patterns that distinguish lesions that rarely produce a mutation per DNA replication from those that frequently do so. The quantitative aspects of this distinction were tested in studies of heat-mutagenized bacteriophage T4. Previous T4 studies had demonstrated that transition mutations produced at G · C base-pairs depended upon heat-induced DNA lesions distinct from those responsible for transversions at G · C pairs. In this study the transversion mutations are shown to arise in patterns predicted for mutations produced from lesions that miscode rarely (fewer than 10% per replication). In contrast, the transition mutations arise in patterns predicted for mutations produced from lesions that miscode at about 20 to 60% per replication. The fact that the two classes of DNA lesions are distinguishable as predicted by the quantitative model suggests that such studies may in general be useful in quantifying the behavior of mutation-generating DNA lesions. The method employed also estimates the frequency of premutagenic lesions in DNA.
Heliothis zea: Effects of Population Density and a Marker Dye in the Laboratory

When reared on diet containing the dye, Calco oil red, at a rate of 7.5 mg/individual, the corn ear worm did not perform differently from those reared on normal diet. Adult insects lived longer and mated more frequently when held at lower densities. The optimum density for egg production was 1 pair/1-gal cage.
Sustainable DVFS-Enabled Multi-Core Architectures with On-Chip Wireless Links

Abstract Wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC) has emerged as an enabling technology to design low power and high bandwidth massive multi-core chips. The performance advantages mainly stem from using the wireless links as long-range shortcuts between far apart cores. This performance gain can be enhanced further if the characteristics of the wireline links and the processing cores of the WiNoC are optimized according to the traffic patterns and workloads. This chapter demonstrates that by incorporating both processor- and network-level dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) in a WiNoC, the power and thermal profiles can be enhanced without a significant impact on the overall execution time.
Person-generated health and wellness data for health care.

People are increasingly capturing health, wellness, and clinical data about themselves using a growing palette of inexpensive and pervasive technologies. These technologies allow people to record, analyze, and curate health data outside of settings where health care is traditionally delivered, and without consistently involving health care professionals. Examples include wrist-worn accelerometers with software that calculates daily footsteps and sleep, global positioning service–enabled devices that track miles run or biked, Web-based health journaling tools, smart online food diaries, and networked weight scales or blood pressure machines. People also use online resources such as social networks to help them use and interpret data obtained by these technologies as well as data originating from more traditional medical testing. In many cases, these technologies can complement, or even replace, interactions with health care professionals. Recognizing that people often use these technologies independent of situations where they are patients per se (eg, when navigating the health care system or as part of a prescribed treatment program) we term them “person-generated health data” (PGHD) technologies. This JAMIA special issue focuses on technologies people use to record, manage, interpret, and display data representing health, wellness, and clinically related activities. Interpreting the importance of data produced by PGHD technologies for individual people can be challenging. The growing availability and widespread adoption of PGHD technologies lead to a number of key informatics issues. Currently, the field lacks a clear theoretical basis, a set of data models, and empirically derived strategies for integrating tools and data into existing clinical applications and workflows. Research focused on evaluating PGHD and its utility in health care decision-making has not kept up with the rapidly growing market for these technologies. This special issue was assembled to provide a forum for investigators conducting research or conceptualizing perspectives on PGHD to present their work. Manuscripts in …
Effect of potassium level on site of absorption of magnesium and other macroelements in sheep.

Eighteen wether lambs, surgically equipped with abomasal and ileal cannulae, were used in two metabolism trials. Two levels of dietary Mg (.1 and .2%) and three levels of K (.6, 2.4 and 4.8%, dry basis) were fed with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Each trial consisted of a 10-d preliminary period, a 7-d collection of feed, feces and urine for determining mineral balance and a 6-d sampling of feed, abomasal and ileal fluid and feces to determine flow and site of mineral absorption. Magnesium absorption occurred before the small intestine. Feeding 2.4 and 4.8% K decreased (P less than .05) Mg absorption by 24.4 and 61.2%, respectively. Preintestinal absorption of Mg was depressed linearly with increases in dietary potassium. Larger amounts of Mg flowed to the small intestine and were excreted in the feces when the high level of Mg was fed. A net secretion of Mg into the small intestine followed by a small amount of Mg absorption in the large intestine was also found. Serum Mg was depressed 7 and 10% when diets containing 2.4 and 4.8% potassium were fed, respectively. Magnesium level did not affect K absorption or balance. Potassium absorption, retention and urinary excretion increased (P less than .05) with increasing K level. Animals fed the low K diet had a negative absorption of K preintestinally with the small intestine being the main site of absorption. Increasing K level resulted in approximately equal amounts of K being absorbed in the stomach and small intestine.
The use of convalescent plasma to treat emerging infectious diseases: focus on Ebola virus disease.

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of this review is to discuss the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of emerging infectious diseases, focusing on the recent use for the treatment of Ebola virus disease (EVD).Recent findingsEbola convalescent plasma has been used as a therapy for treatment of E
Pacific Rival, 1894–1930

At the century’s turn, America’s relationship with Japan shifted from patronage to rivalry.1 Until this time, although increasing numbers of American businessmen haggled in the world’s bazaars, and American gunboat diplomacy had forced Japan’s opening, the United States was not yet a full-fledged imperial power. An American overseas empire emerged from its successful war with Spain in 1898, just as three years earlier Japan had carved out its own empire after victory over China.
Author positioning and audience addressivity by means of &#8216;we&#8217; in Greek academic discourse

The present chapter reports on a study of first person plural reference in a corpus of 15 Linguistics journal articles by Greek-speaking authors. This data-driven investigation aims to explore the ways in which linguists construct their position and their relationship with the audience/academic community within the Greek context. Three main categories of semantic reference were identified: referential , generic and ambiguous . Ambiguous referential uses are examined closely, including examples that cut across the inclusive-exclusive divide. The results suggest that the rhetorical practices of Greek-speaking authors seem to relate to the size and type of the academic community they are addressing.
Abstract 5260: Prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy by using minocycline as a chemoprotectant: demonstration by imaging and behavioral assessment

Purpose: To utilize neurography, a novel imaging method based on retrograde transport of a molecular nerve imaging tracer, to assess the protective effect of minocycline on the development of Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy. Materials and Methods: Female BALB/c mice received one of four treatments vehicle/vehicle, vehicle/minocycline, Oxaliplatin/vehicle, or Oxaliplatin/minocycline (n = 8/group). A 30 mg/kg cumulative dose of Oxaliplatin or dextrose vehicle was given in 10 divided intra-peritoneal doses across 3 weeks using two 5 days cycles. Animals were treated daily with 50 mg/kg minocycline or 0.9% saline vehicle by oral gavage beginning 48 h prior to the first Oxaliplatin treatment. Both imaging and behavioral data were collected at baseline and weekly for 3 weeks. For each imaging session, animals received fluorescently labeled TTc-Alexa790 (15 ug/20 uL) via intramuscular injection into the calf muscles. Fluorescent imaging (Xenogen IVIS 200) was used to image the distribution of TTc over 60 minutes, with ROI measurements taken over the lumbo-thoracic junction of the spine to quantitate fluorescent uptake. Neurobehavioral assessment for mechanical sensitivity was assessed through the use of von Frey nylon filaments to exert calibrated force on the footpads. The 50% hind paw withdrawal threshold was calculated. Results: Oxaliplatin/vehicle treated animals showed a significant decrease in transport of TTc during the second week of treatment (F (1,12) = 39.604, p Conclusion: Oxaliplatin causes a decrease in retrograde axonal transport, and this reduction in transport correlates with neurobehavioral impairment due to neuropathy. We show that this effect can be attenuated by a chemo-protectant, minocycline, and that the protectant effect was apparent with both behavioral and imaging readouts. This suggests that minocycline can prevent the neuropathy induced by Oxaliplatin and that the mechanism of both the pathological effect and its prevention are related to retrograde axonal transport. Citation Format: Dawid Schellingerhout, Elizabeth Vichaya, Leo G. Flores, Daniela Ramos, Lucia Le Roux. Prevention of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy by using minocycline as a chemoprotectant: demonstration by imaging and behavioral assessment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5260.
Quasiparticle Transport Properties of d -Wave Superconductors in the Vortex State

We calculate the magnetic field dependence of quasiparticle transport properties in the vortex state of a $d$-wave superconductor arising solely from the quasiparticle's Doppler shift in the superflow field surrounding the vortex. Qualitative features agree well with experiments on cuprate and heavy fermion superconductors at low fields and temperatures. We derive scaling relations in the variable $T/{H}^{1/2}$ valid at sufficiently low temperatures $T$ and fields $H$, but show that these relations depend on the scattering phase shift, and are fulfilled only approximately even in the clean limit.
Happiness (or not) after rape: hysterics and harpies in the media versus killjoys in black women’s fiction

AbstractThis paper argues that Sara Ahmed’s theorizing of the feminist killjoy is very relevant to the treatment of the rape victim in public discourse. The analysis draws on Ahmed’s categorization of different kinds of killjoys to consider how, in media representations, rape victims are confronted with particularly reductive and simplistic happiness scripts. These scripts present victims as being unreliable, because they are seen as irrevocably harmed, or they supposedly cause their own unhappiness with their refusal to move on from the pain of their experiences. Having established the ambivalences of the media framing of rape survivors, fictional representations reveal the true complexities of happiness for rape survivors in the discussion of two novels: The Color Purple by Alice Walker (born 1944) and Breath, Eyes, Memory by Edwidge Danticat (born 1969). Walker and Danticat emphasize that heteronormative scripts of happiness are inadequate in such cases, and that survivors must be allowed the right to ...
Youth psychiatrically hospitalized for suicidality: Changes in familial structure, exposure to familial trauma, family conflict, and parental instability as precipitating factors

Abstract In the US, youth experiencing suicidality are often placed in involuntary inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Though some research has been conducted on the treatment effectiveness and short-and long-term outcomes of children following discharge from psychiatric hospitals, it remains unknown how hospitalized youth attribute precipitating factors for their hospitalizations. In the current study, we conducted a thematic analysis of clinical transcripts from therapy session notes, psychosocial assessments, and psychiatric evaluations that comprised 220 patients' psychiatric medical records to gain insights into youth's perspectives on the life events that precipitated their crises. We identified four main precipitating factors: changes in familial structure, exposure to familial trauma, family conflict, and parental instability, each of which highlights the role of high-risk familial conditions in the development, persistence, and deterioration of mental illness among youth leading to suicidality. The ways in which the overlap and accumulation of these themes jeopardize youth's mental health conditions are discussed, in addition to an exploration of clinical implications and treatment recommendations.
Design of an anti-jamming Appliqué for LTE-based military communications

The United States Department of Defense (DoD) is contemplating the use of commercial technologies such as 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) for tactical edge communications because of several benefits offered by them. However, the greatest hindrance to the adoption of LTE for military communications is its lack of support to combat the presence of malicious jamming. In this paper, we propose an anti-jamming technique based on electronic null steering that can be used in tactical communications. We first develop a simple model for the proposed anti-jamming method, and use it to gain insights into the performance improvements gained from the technique. We provide extensive simulations to support the claims from the model. Finally, we describe implementation of the technique on an FPGA platform and highlight some of the challenges involved.
6.22 Adipose Tissue Engineering

Adipose tissue engineering strategies have been widely researched to develop methods to engineer natural, autologous tissue to repair soft tissue defects resulting from traumatic injury, congenital defects, or tumor resections. The development of viable adipose tissue for clinical use requires coordination between the key aspects of the tissue engineering process, which include an appropriate cell source, scaffold material, cellular environment, and mode of delivery or implantation. This chapter provides an overview of biomaterials that have been used, to date, in adipose tissue engineering strategies and a discussion of the success and limitations of each method.
Clinical Evaluations of Fathers Based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Role Expression

Attention has recently been given to how traditional masculinity ideologies impact men’s well-being in a variety of contexts. We sought to test the impact of masculinity ideology on counseling psyc...
Dystonia: Then and now.

Abstract Introduction Dystonia is a rare disorder that has undergone extensive scientific investigation leading to a transformation of understanding over the past century. Methods This manuscript was prepared through a review of relevant literature for each topic. Results Historically dystonia was considered the manifestation of psychiatric disorders. Subsequently, investigations have firmly established this as a neurological disorder. Though electrophysiological and imaging, dystonia is thought to arise from a loss inhibition of motor programs, defective sensorimotor integration and abnormal plasticity. The genetic studies in dystonia have revealed the hereditary nature of many forms of familial dystonia. Treatment of dystonia has focused primarily on botulinum toxin for focal and segmental dystonia and deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna for generalized and medically refractory focal dystonia. Conclusion The progress in dystonia in the past century has revised the concepts of this disorder, increased knowledge of genetics and underlying pathophysiology, and provides new therapeutic targets. To promote future research the development of diagnostic criteria, biomarkers and validated rating scales for each form of dystonia is essential.
Autism Symptoms and Problem Behaviors in Children with and without Developmental Regression

Although frequently observed in individuals with ASD, little is known about the nature of developmental regression amongst this population. Previous studies have found varying results in differences in ASD symptoms, cognitive functioning, and comorbid problems between individuals who have and have not regressed in skills. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential differences in ASD symptom domains (i.e., nonverbal communication/socialization, verbal communication, social relationships, insistence on sameness/restricted interests) and challenging behaviors across groups. Participants included 160 total children with ASD (M = 8.17, SD = 4.12), of which 70 reported a history of developmental regression. Results indicated significant differences between groups on ASD severity, nonverbal communication/socialization, verbal communication, social relationships, and internalizing problems. No difference was found on insistence on sameness/restricted interests and externalizing problems. Implications of these data are discussed.
Let research leave you breathless, not physical exercise!

Proper endotyping of EIB and precision medicine strategies would allow subjects to fully profit from the very beneficial effects of exercise, without incurring health risks or affecting performances http://ow.ly/spjT30irzjX
On Strong Axioms of Induction in Set Theory and Arithmetic

Althought Godel showed arithmetic incomplete, his work did not point out a natural extension of it which would make it more complete. This changed with Paris' discovery and Harrington's simplification of Paris' work. We continue in this direction by considering schemas which are more akin to general principles than the ad hoc sentences of Paris and Harrington. They can be shown to be a natural strengthening of the axiom of induction and their interesting feature is that they apply to set theory as well. The lecture shall illuminate the main points in proving their independence, shall outline their relative consistency strength and raise the issue of their applicability in arithmetical situations.
Modeling the Effects of U.S. Biofuel Policies on Commodity and Energy Markets

The Renewable Fuel Standard under the Energy Policy Act of 2005 redefines ethanol as a renewable domestic fuel supply, rather than just a fuel oxygenate, while the American Job Creation Act of 2004 creates biofuel tax credits and the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 mandates biofuel blending. We formulate an integrated economic simulation model of corn/soybean and biofuel production to simultaneously evaluate the impacts of U.S. biofuel policies on domestic commodity and energy prices. The model is used to demonstrate that first, while ethanol production increases due to both the ethanol tax credit and a blending mandate, conventional gasoline production would decline as a result of the blending mandate. These results are supported by current energy data. Therefore, there is no evidence that blended gasoline price would be higher without mandated ethanol production. Second, both domestic corn and ethanol production as well as ethanol imports would slightly decline due to the blenders’ market power effects when the tax credit for ethanol is reduced to $0.45 per gallon (beginning in January 2009), but the blended gasoline price would be higher at the pump so that total gasoline consumption would decline.
Limits to Pulse Advance and Delay in Actively Modelocked Lasers

The time domain approach to modeling modelocked lasers involves following a pulse around the cavity, recording the gain, loss, pulse broadening, pulse shortening and pulse delay, and finding a pulse shape that will reproduce itself after one complete roundtrip [1–3]. Such a self-consistent solution does not automatically guarantee stability against noise nor against second order effects which are ignored but may accumulate anomalously.
Enhanced Muscle Protein Catabolism in Uremia

Acute and chronic uremia are associated with variable degrees of myopathy, a retardation in growth, and a reduction in lean body mass (1–3). With time, both the upper and lower extremities may demonstrate diffuse muscle atrophy and weakness (3). These data suggest that muscle protein catabolism may be increased, synthesis decreased, or both may coexist in uremia. Significant changes in plasma amino acids occur in both acute and chronic uremia. The plasma phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio is reduced and plasma non-essential amino acid levels are usually normal while the levels of essential amino acids including leucine, isoleucine, valine, and lysine are decreased (4, 5). These data suggest that significant abnormalities in protein metabolism do exist in uremia. Uremic rats fed identical diets exhibit significantly reduced growth rates compared to pair-fed control animals (6). Despite increased protein intake, growth was still impaired in the uremic animals. Thus, these data demonstrate that protein efficiency is reduced in the growing uremic animal. The mechanisms responsible for these observations have not been definitively elucidated.
Role of H+ and alpha 2-receptors in escape from sympathetic vasoconstriction

In a previous study, we noted that mesenteric venous pH falls during the reductions in intestinal blood flow caused by sympathetic stimulation and that alpha 2-receptor antagonists enhanced autoregulatory escape (the partial recovery that blood flow undergoes despite sustained sympathetic stimulation). In addition, other studies indicated that increased [H+] selectively inhibits the responsiveness of postjunctional alpha 2-receptors to norepinephrine (NE). Therefore, we investigated the role of H+ in escape by 1) measuring the rate of unbuffered H+ release during sympathetic stimulation in isolated loops of canine small bowel, 2) infusing acidic buffer intra-arterially and determining the effects of acidosis on sympathetic vasoconstriction and escape, 3) ascertaining the effects of acidosis on the release rate of endogenous NE during sympathetic stimulation, and 4) determining whether acidosis exerts effects in vivo on post-junctional responses to the selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-agonists, phenylephrine and clonidine, respectively. Our findings were that 1) the rate at which the gut released H+ into blood increased during sympathetic stimulation, 2) infusing acidic buffer to lower venous pH from 7.3 to 7.1 attenuated the initial vasoconstrictor response after 30 s of stimulation, 3) acidosis caused blood flow to return further toward control despite continued stimulation and thus enhanced escape, 4) acidosis did not impair NE release at either 30 s or 6 min of stimulation, and 5) acidosis inhibited the intestinal vasoconstrictor effects of selective alpha 2- but not alpha 1-agonists. The results support the hypothesis that escape from sympathetic vasoconstriction occurs, in part, because increased [H+] inhibits alpha 2-mediated postjunctional responses to neuronally released NE.
Conservation of Epstein-Barr Virus Cytotoxic T-Cell Epitopes in Posttransplant Lymphomas: Implications for Immune Therapy

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease can be treated by the infusion of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which were raised against lymphocytes immortalized with a laboratory strain of Epstein-Barr virus (B95.8). Whether the immunodominant epitopes in B95.8 are shared in virus from tumors will affect the general applicability of this therapy. We have characterized the viral strain and the sequence of commonly recognized cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes in 25 posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease specimens from 19 patients. Type A virus was present in 24 of 25 specimens. No variation in two LMP2A epitopes and a few variations mostly outside the targeted epitopes or silent in three EBNA3C epitopes were found, with one variation (Arg to Lys) detected in an EBNA3C epitope in 12 of 24 tumors. However, cytotoxic T lymphocytes to B95-8-derived EBNA3C peptides specifically lysed both B95-8 and the Lys-variant peptide-loaded target cells, although with less efficiency. These results suggest that adoptive immunotherapy using cytotoxic T lymphocytes expanded with B95.8 stimulators or vaccine strategies using B95.8-derived sequence will generally target Epstein-Barr virus strains present in posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease tumors.
Training on Ethnic and Gender Issues in Psychiatry Residency Programs

The goal of this study was to assess psychiatry residency training directors’ perceptions of the training needs of psychiatry residents about ethnic and gender issues and to examine training program characteristics associated with appraisals of greater adequacy of training in these areas. A questionnaire designed to assess perceptions of training needs in ethnicity and gender was developed and completed by 142 psychiatry residency training directors. The training directors’ ratings of their residents’ adequacy of training about ethnic issues in psychiatric practice was significantly related to the residents’ contact with patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds, having coursework addressing ethnic issues included in the residency program, and the percentage of residents of minority ethnic backgrounds included in the program. The training directors’ ratings of their residents’ adequacy of training about gender issues in psychiatric practice was significantly and positively related to having course-work addressing gender issues included in the residency program and was appraised more negatively by the younger residency directors than by the older ones. The residents in psychiatry who are appraised as having the most adequate training in ethnicity and gender issues of their patients are those who received residency course-work on these subjects and are in psychiatry training programs including substantial numbers of minority residents and ample opportunities to work with minority patients.
ICARUS: minimizing human effort in iterative data completion

An important step in data preparation involves dealing with incomplete datasets. In some cases, the missing values are unreported because they are characteristics of the domain and are known by practitioners. Due to this nature of the missing values, imputation and inference methods do not work and input from domain experts is required. A common method for experts to fill missing values is through rules. However, for large datasets with thousands of missing data points, it is laborious and time consuming for a user to make sense of the data and formulate effective completion rules. Thus, users need to be shown subsets of the data that will have the most impact in completing missing fields. Further, these subsets should provide the user with enough information to make an update. Choosing subsets that maximize the probability of filling in missing data from a large dataset is computationally expensive. To address these challenges, we present Icarus, which uses a heuristic algorithm to show the user small subsets of the database in the form of a matrix. This allows the user to iteratively fill in data by applying suggested rules based on their direct edits to the matrix. The suggested rules amplify the users' input to multiple missing fields by using the database schema to infer hierarchies. Simulations show Icarus has an average improvement of 50% across three datasets over the baseline system. Further, in-person user studies demonstrate that naive users can fill in 68% of missing data within an hour, while manual rule specification spans weeks.
Synovium extra cellular matrices seeded with transduced mesenchymal stem cells stimulate chondrocyte maturation in vitro and cartilage healing in clinically-induced rat-knee lesions in vivo

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease associated with cartilage injury and its inherently limited repair capability. Synovium-based cellular constructs (sConstructs) are proposed as possible treatments. Equine sConstructs were produced from decellularized synovium-based extracellular matrix scaffolds (sECM) seeded with synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (sMSC), and engineered to express green fluorescent protein (GFP), or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Survival, distribution, and chondrogenic potential of the sConstructs in vitro and in vivo were assessed. sConstructs in co-culture with chondrocytes increased chondrocyte proliferation, viability, and Col II production, greatest in BMP-2-sConstructs. Chondrocyte presence increased the production of hyaluronic acid (HA), proteoglycan (PG), and BMP-2 by the sConstructs in a positive feedback loop. sECM alone, or GFP- or BMP-2-sConstructs were implanted in synovium adjacent to clinically created full-thickness rat-knee cartilage lesions. At 5 weeks, the lesion area and implants were resected. Gross anatomy, adjacent articulate cartilage growth and subchondral bone repair were scored; and peripheral, central and cartilage lesion measurements taken. For all scores and measurements, sConstruct implants were significantly greater than controls, greatest with the BMP-2-sConstructs. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated migration of endogenous cells into the sECM, with greater cellularity in the constructs with intense positive GFP staining confirming engraftment of implanted sMSC and continued gene expression. In summary, exposing cartilage to sConstructs was chondrogenic in vitro and in vivo, and resulted in substantially increased growth in vivo. This effect was mediated, in part, by soluble ECM and cell factors and upregulation of anabolic growth proteins, such as BMP-2. This work is “proof of concept” that sConstructs surgically implanted adjacent to cartilage damage can significantly improve cartilage and subchondral bone repair, and potentially prevent the progression of OA.
Challenges and Strategies for Integrating Molecular Genetics into Behavioral Science

In the past 20 years, technological advances in genetics have made it relatively easy to add molecular genetic data collection to conventional datasets. This ease creates valuable opportunities for behavioral scientists to consider how genetic factors might influence individuals’ sensitivity to environmental experiences, including those that put individuals at developmental risk. Successfully incorporating molecular genetic approaches into conventional behavioral science designs is not without challenges. To help behavioral scientists understand and address these challenges, this chapter reviews critical issues involved in the data collection and analyses of molecular genetic data in a GxE context. More specifically, this chapter provides a brief summary of basic principles of molecular genetics, an overview of how to check the quality of genetic data prior to analysis, a brief review of the history of candidate gene-by-environment (cGxE) research and its associated criticisms, a framework for evaluating the quality of individual cGxE studies, and an explanation of current approaches used to combine multiple genetic variants to advance GxE research. We aim to provide information that will function as a starting point for behavioral scientists considering adding GxE approaches to their own research area.
Concept and Design Optimization of a Novel Ammonia-Based System for Food-Energy-Water Sustainability

Abstract This paper proposes a novel ammonia-based system for food-energy-water sustainability (ABFEWS). This integrated system uses renewable energy and agricultural waste to produce ammonia both as fertilizer and as fuel for tractors and grain drying, to meet local electrical power demands and to provide predictable, consistent power export to the grid. It also extracts and purifies soil water to simultaneously reduce process water imports and drainage to surrounding water ecosystems. The conceptual design of this system exploits synergies between local ammonia production, agriculture, energy supply, and water management to allow for economic viability, specifically time-varying chemical production, ammonia and hydrogen as energy storage media, and the recycle of agricultural waste and soil water. A model for combined optimization of the ABFEWS design and its inherently time-varying operating schedule is proposed with a view on further improving economic competitiveness. A case study which considers the use of two 1.65 MW wind turbines and 196,000 kg of corncob biomass to meet ammonia fertilizer and fuel demands for a 400-acre corn and soy farm and power demand at an adjacent university campus demonstrates the promise of the ABFEWS system and the associated design-scheduling optimization framework. The annualized net present cost of the optimal ABFEWS system is approximately $56,500, which corresponds to an emissions reduction cost of $12.90/tonCO2. The implementation of the ABFEWS system annually prevents 477 m3 of water import, 558,000 m3 of cooling water discharge and 1,590 m3 of tile drainage.