cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An artificial-free simplex-type algorithm for general LP models

The simplex algorithm requires additional variables (artificial variables) for solving linear programs which lack feasibility at the origin point. Some students, however, particularly nonmathematics majors, have difficulty understanding the intuitive notion of artificial variables. A new general purpose solution algorithm obviates the use of artificial variables. The algorithm consists of two phases. Phase 1 searches for a feasible segment of the boundary hyper-plane (a face of feasible region or an intersection of several faces) by using rules similar to the ordinary simplex. Each successive iteration augments the basic variable set, BVS, by including another hyper-plane, until the BVS is full, which specifies a feasible vertex. In this phase, movements are on faces of the feasible region rather than from a vertex to a vertex. This phase terminates successfully (or indicates the infeasibility of the problem) with a finite number of iterations, which is at most equal to the number of constraints. The second phase uses exactly the ordinary simplex rules (if needed) to achieve optimality. This unification with the simplex method is achieved by augmenting the feasible BVS, which is always initially considered empty at the beginning of Phase 1. The algorithm working space is the space of the original (decision, slack and surplus) variables in the primal problem. It also provides a solution to the dual problem with useful information. Geometric interpretation of the strategic process with some illustrative numerical examples are also presented.
Synthetic-Aperture Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Functions: IX -Array Beam Forming

For sinusoidal waves with bandwidth zero, one obtains the classical formula ϵ = κNL = kc//spl conint/L for the resolution angle of a sensor array, where L is the length of the array, λ the wavelength, /spl conint/the frequency, and c the phase velocity of the wave, while κis a constant whose value is usually chosen to be 1. Waves with the time variation of a rectangular pulse of duration ▵T yield the resolution angle ϵ = 2Kc/▵/spl conint/ P/P /sub N/, where P/P/sub N/ is the signal-to-noise ratio and ▵/spl conint/ = 1/2▵T the nominal bandwidth of the pulse; the same result holds for coded pulse sequences, such as Barker codes or complementary codes, if the main lobe of their auto-correlation function has the shape of a triangle with rise time ▵T. Hence, the resolution angle e can be reduced by increasing the signal power, as well as by increasing the array length L or the bandwidth ▵f. For sinusoidal waves, an increase of the signal power brings no reduction of the resolution angle. The trade between signal power and frequency bandwidth is of interest whenever the attenuation increases rapidly with frequency, e.g., in high-resolution all-weather radar or in underwater acoustic beam forming.
Absence of Epstein-Barr viral RNA in lymphomatoid papulosis

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) recently has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease (HD). Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a premalignant cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder which shares several characteristics with HD. The hypothesis has been made that EBV may be associated with the pathogenesis of LyP. We therefore examined 17 skin biopsy specimens and two lymph nodes from nine patients with LyP for EBV RNA using the highly sensitive and specific EBER method. In all specimens, the large atypical cells were negative for EBV while poly T studies confirmed the presence of adequate RNA for detection of EBER. The negative EBER results were confirmed in seven LyP patients whose biopsies were also stained for latent membrane protein (LMP-1). Interestingly, one patient with clonally related LyP and HD had no EBV RNA detected in any specimen. We conclude that EBV is unlikely to be an important aetiological agent in LyP. If confirmed in other patients, HD associated with LyP may have a different aetiology from HD arising de novo.
Gas chromatography of the fat-soluble vitamins: a review.

The application of gas liquid chromatography (GLC) as an analytical tool for the determination of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K has yet to be utilized to its full potential. A review of the published work of many researchers in this field is presented. GLC methods to measure the vitamin A isomers have not been developed to any appreciable practical extent. Liquid liquid chromatography might well be the technique of choice. In the field of vitamin D there are indications that a practical GLC analysis is feasible for pharmaceutical preparations. The GLC applications for vitamin E are diverse, well defined and generally widely accepted in research laboratory situations and for regulatory and quality control usage. Vitamins K1 and K2 have been measured with limited success in a few research laboratories, but the GLC methods have not developed on a practical basis. However GLC is used for measuring vitamin K3 (menadione and menadione sodium bisulfite) on a fairly routine basis in quality control laboratories.
Vagal stimulation-induced gastric acid secretion in the anesthetized rat

The dynamics of gastric acid secretion induced by electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus in the anesthetized rat were investigated using a continuous collection-titration system permitting high temporal resolution. Stimulation with pulse rates of 2 or 4 impulses/s (pps) produced maximal gastric acid responses with small cardiovascular effects. With continuous stimulation, secretion was sustained for at least 1 h. Frequency-response profiles suggested that the parietal cells are innervated predominantly by fine-caliber C-fibers. Continuous stimulation was 3 times as effective as stimulation in bursts of higher frequencies. The minimal latency for the onset of secretion was 2.6 min at 4 pps, however, one- and two-min stimulations still produced proportionate but delayed secretory responses. It is concluded that, with low frequency cervical vagus stimulation, the rat stomach preparation described and employed in the present experiment is a useful model for further studies on the interaction of neural and humoral factors on gastric acid secretion.
Reengineering the clinical research enterprise: will the new vision for translational and clinical science be successful without more support for mentors?

Dr. Zerhouni, director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), recently unveiled his vision for the restructuring of clinical and translational research.1In this plan, academic centers would function as homes that combine basic science, clinical research, and training under an infrastructure supported by Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs; RFA-RM-06-002).2A major component of the CTSA involves the training of a new generation of clinical and translational researchers. Such training requires infrastructural support and a core of experienced mentors. I and many of my colleagues are concerned that insufficient emphasis is being given to the support of clinical research mentoring. Even with very substantial progress over the last decade and the development of several new NIH programs and awards with an emphasis on clinical or patient-oriented research training, more can be accomplished. Now represents an opportune time to dispense with existing myths and start afresh.3,4 Aside from the K24 mechanism (see below), NIH awards with a mentoring component rarely provide support for protected time for the mentors. The request for applications (RFA) for the Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award cites the word mentor (or mentored, mentoring, mentors) 61 times. Yet under the U54 CTSA RFA, …
Universal Lossless Compression of Erased Symbols

A source X goes through an erasure channel whose output is Z. The goal is to compress losslessly X when the compressor knows X and Z and the decompressor knows Z. We propose a universal algorithm based on context-tree weighting (CTW), parameterized by a memory-length parameter. We show that if the erasure channel is stationary and memoryless, and X is stationary and ergodic, then the proposed algorithm achieves a compression rate of H(X 0|X - l -1, Z l) bits per erasure.
CD69 down-modulation and inhibition of thymic egress by short- and long-term selective chemical agonism of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors

Thymic development requires proliferation, selection, maturation and release of mature single-positive CD4 and CD8 T cells into the periphery. In mice, non-selective sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) receptor agonists, active on four of the five known S1P receptors, alter thymocyte phenotype and egress. Here, we show that down-modulation of CD69 occurs acutely and transiently at a discrete and late stage of medullary development after a single-dose administration of S1P(1) receptor-selective agonist, which induces long-term tonic receptor activation in the absence of receptor degradation. In addition, agonist acutely inhibited egress of mature thymocytes into peripheral lymphoid organs, suggesting that both the phenotype and migration of medullary thymocytes are regulated simultaneously and coordinately by agonism of S1P(1) alone. Long-term dosing shifted the early/late medullary thymocyte ratio with an expansion of the late medullary compartment, as mature CD69(-) thymocytes were retained within the thymus. Therefore, chemical agonism of S1P(1) accelerates medullary phenotypic maturation and inhibits egress, leading to the expansion and accumulation of the recent thymocyte emigrant population in the medulla. However, chemical agonism fails to replicate the S1P(1)-null CD69(hi) late medullary phenotype, suggesting that agonism and gene deletion operate by distinct mechanisms, and that functional receptor antagonism may not be required for lymphocyte sequestration.
Sm2NaIrO6, a monoclinically distorted double perovskite

Single crystals of the lanthanide-containing iridate, disamarium sodium iridium hexaoxide, Sm2NaIrO6, were prepared via high-temperature flux growth and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n and is a double perovskite, consisting of a 1:1 ordered rock-salt-type lattice of corner-shared NaO6 and IrO6 distorted octahedra. Samarium occupies the eightfold coordination site generated by the connectivity of the octahedra.
Inhalation Exposure Systems for the Development of Rodent Models of Sulfur Mustard-Induced Pulmonary Injury

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical threat agent for which its effects have no current treatment. Due to the ease of synthesis and dispersal of this material, the need to develop therapeutics is evident. The present manuscript details the techniques used to develop SM laboratory exposure systems for the development of animal models of pulmonary injury. These models are critical for evaluating SM injury and developing therapeutics against that injury. Iterative trials were conducted to optimize a lung injury model. The resulting pathology was used as a guide, with a goal of effecting homogeneous and diffuse lung injury comparable to that of human injury. Inhalation exposures were conducted by either nose-only inhalation or intubated inhalation. The exposures were conducted to either directly vaporized SM or SM that was nebulized from an ethanol solution. Inhalation of SM by nose-only inhalation resulted in severe nasal epithelial degeneration and minimal lung injury. The reactivity of SM did not permit it to transit past the upper airways to promote lower airway injury. Intratracheal inhalation of SM vapors at a concentration of 5400 mg · min/m 3 resulted in homogeneous lung injury with no nasal degeneration.
Non-Oxidative Dehydrogenation Pathways for the Conversion of C2 -C4 Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds.

Gold nanoparticles (NPs) supported on hydrotalcite (Au/HT) are highly active and selective catalysts for the continuous, gas-phase, non-oxidative dehydrogenation of bioderived C2 -C4 alcohols. A sharp increase in turn over frequency (TOF) is noted when the size of Au NPs is less than 5 nm relating to the strong synergy between metallic Au NPs and the acid-base groups on the support surface. It is shown that catalytic activity depends critically on Au NP size, support composition, and support pretreatments. A reaction pathway elucidated from kinetic isotope effects suggests that the abstraction of β-H by Au NPs (C-H activation) is the rate-determining step in the dehydrogenation of bioderived C2 -C4 alcohols.
Steroid hormone modulation of 3H-prostaglandin E1 binding to bovine corpus luteum cell membranes

Abstract The specific binding of 3 H-prostaglandin E 1 ( 3 H-PGE 1 ) to bovine corpus luteum cell membranes was not affected by cholesterol or various progestins at concentrations of up to 9.0 × 10 −6 M. At concentrations above 2.5 × 10 −6 M; estrone, 17β-estradiol (but not 17α-estradiol or 17β-estradiol glucuronide), estriol, equilin, D-equilenin, 17-ethynyl estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, cortisol, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone inhibited specific binding of 3 H-PGE 1 . On the other hand, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (but not androstenedione) significantly enhanced 3 H-PGE 1 binding. These findings permitted the following correlations between steroid structure and modulation of 3 H-PGE 1 binding: steroids with a free phenolic ring and a 17β-hydroxyl or 17-keto group or C-21 steroids with a C-20 ketone and a C-21 hydroxy group decrease, whereas C-19 steroids with a C-17 hydroxy group enhance specific binding of 3 H-PGE 1 . PGE receptors are heterogeneous with respect to affinity for 3 H-PGE 1 . The steroids that decreased 3 H-PGE 1 binding caused a lowering to a complete loss of low affinity PGE receptors. Steroids that increased 3 H-PGE 1 binding caused appearance of new low affinity PGE receptors. Association rate constants for 3 H-PGE 1 binding were decreased by 17β-estradiol (61%) and increased by DHT (59%).
A Mechatronic Connector with Flip-Chip Microcontroller and Smart-Power Full-Bridge for DC Motor Control in Multiplex Networks

This packaging and interconnection technology for smart-power mechatronics is based on the flip-chip assembly of one system-chip microcontroller and several power semiconductors together with surface mounted devices on an insulated metal substrate. The particular features of this technology are the interconnect to the backside of a power die, the excellent thermal capability, and the reliability meeting automotive qualification targets. The electronic module forms an assembly unit with the actuator and provides the computational performance, diagnostics capability, and communication interface required for mechatronic nodes in a vehicle network.
Winning the Presidential Nomination National Polls and State Primary Elections, 1936-1972

Using the results of 202 Gallup opinion polls and 248 state primary elections, this article develops a general model of presidential nomination campaigns. National public opinion is found to play a major role, and state primaries a much lesser role, in winning the presidential nomination. James R. Beniger is a graduate student in sociology and statistics at the University of California, Berkeley. This article was begun while he was Head of the Sampling Office, Survey Research Center, Berkeley, and completed while he was a Research Associate at the Bureau of Social Science Research, Washington.
Self-Initiated Imaginal and Cognitive Components: Evaluation of Differential Effectiveness in Altering Unpleasant Moods

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the differential effectiveness of brief cognitive and imaginal techniques in the alleviation of experientially induced anger and sadness. Thirty-two male and female undergraduates recruited from an introductory psychology course were randomly assigned to one of two mood groups (i.e., anger or sadness) and either of two treatment orders (i.e., cognitive-imagery; imagery-cognitive). Likert-type scales were used to assess mood level at pre and posttreatments. Results indicate: self-initiated statements and self-generated images were both effective in altering unpleasant moods. Moreover, a significant order by repeated measures interaction suggests that treatment effectiveness is enhanced when personal images precede personal cognitions. Categorical analyses of imaginal and cognitive themes suggested that some classes of imaginal and cognitive themes were superior to others in reducing unpleasant affect.
Prevalence and Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Idiopathic and Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Background Little is known about the association between left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction and outcomes in patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Our rationale was to investigate the prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction, and its association with disease severity and outcomes, in patients with idiopathic or heritable PAH. Methods Using the Cleveland Clinic Pulmonary Hypertension Registry, we identified subjects with heritable or idiopathic PAH who underwent Doppler echocardiography and right-sided heart catheterization. Echocardiographic diastolic parameters were assessed in each patient. Results A total of 61 patients met the inclusion criteria (idiopathic 85%, heritable 15%). The age at the time of echocardiography was 48.3 ± 18 years, 84% of the subjects were women, and 48% were on PAH-targeted therapies. Normal LV diastolic function, impaired relaxation, and pseudonormalization were seen in 10%, 88%, and 2% of the patients, respectively. Peak early diastolic (peak E) velocity was directly associated with LV end-diastolic volume and cardiac index and inversely associated with the degree of right ventricular dilation, right atrial pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Peak E velocity was associated with mortality adjusted for age and sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2 per 10 cm/s decrease; P = .015) and age, sex, 6-min walk distance, and cardiac output (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.9 per 10 cm/s decrease; P = .01). Conclusions LV diastolic dysfunction of the impaired relaxation type is observed in the majority of patients with advanced idiopathic or heritable PAH. A decrease in transmitral flow peak E velocity is associated with worse hemodynamics and outcome.
Assessment of Vitamin B-6 Status in Young Women Consuming a Controlled Diet Containing Four Levels of Vitamin B-6 Provides an Estimated Average Requirement and Recommended Dietary Allowance

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of vitamin B-6 for young women was recently reduced from 1.6 to 1.3 mg/d based on an adequate plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) concentration of 20 nmol/L. To assess vitamin B-6 requirements and suggest recommendations for intake, seven healthy young women consumed a controlled diet providing 1.2 g protein/kg body weight for a 7-d adjustment period (1.0 mg vitamin B-6/d) and three successive 14-d experimental periods (1.5, 2.1 and 2.7 mg/d, respectively). Direct and indirect vitamin B-6 status indicators were measured in plasma, erythrocytes and urine. Indicators most strongly correlated with vitamin B-6 intake [i.e., plasma and erythrocyte PLP, urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) and total vitamin B-6] were regressed on vitamin B-6 intake and the dietary vitamin B-6 to protein ratio. Inverse prediction using adequate and baseline values estimated vitamin B-6 requirement. Adequate values were determined for plasma PLP and urinary 4-PA from baseline values of 60 previous subjects, using the statistical method suggested by Sauberlich. The current study suggests a vitamin B-6 Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for young women of 1.1 mg/d or 0.016 mg/g protein, and a RDA of 1.5 mg/d or 0.020 mg/g protein. When results from this study are combined with data from four other recent studies, the combined data predict an EAR of 1.2 mg/d or 0.015 mg/g protein, and a RDA of 1.7 mg/d or 0.018 mg/g protein. This study suggests that the current vitamin B-6 RDA may not be adequate.
Optical activity of polypeptides in the infrared. Predicted CD of the amide I and amide II bands.

The Miyazawa-Blout-Krimm (M-B-K) treatment of polypeptide absorption in the infrared is extended to the calculation of circular dichroism (CD), linear dichroism, and oriented CD for the amide I and amide II transitions. Matrix methods are applied to the α helix and β structures using measured values for the strengths and directions of the transition dipole moments and empirical values from M-B-K for the coupling constants. Relatively small aggregates, a 36-residue helix, and 8-chain × 4-residue β sheets, are large enough to show calculated absorption agreeing with M-B-K results, which are based on infinite lattices. In all cases the predicted CD is an approximately conservative couple. The strongest CD should appear in the α helix, Δe/e ≃± 10−3 for both transitions. The amide II transition should show moderate CD couples in both β structures, Δe/e ≃ (+2 to −1) × 10−4. The amide I transitions in β structures should show weak CD couples, Δe/e = (+3 to −2) × 10−5, except that the negative branch in the antiparallel structure may be detectable (Δe/e ≃ −2 × 10−4) because absorption is very low at its wavelength peak. CD on oriented samples should be enhanced over the unoriented cases, giving values as large as Δe/e = 3 × 10−3 because particular directions of observation allow the light to avoid much of the absorption in the sample. If all three structures are considered as helices, then the larger distance of the transition dipoles from the axis in the α helix, and the orientations of the transitions in the different structures, are the factors that, in terms of our previous theoretical work [Snir and Schellman (1973) J. Phys. Chem.77, 1653] satisfactorily explain the calculated results. Simple dipole–dipole interaction is calculated to make a substantial contribution to the coupling between groups.
Fabrication and characterization of a negative-refractive-index composite metamaterial

We have designed, produced, and experimentally characterized $2.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mm}$ thick composite panels having negative refractive index between 8.4 and $9.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GHz}$. The composite metamaterial is fabricated using conventional commercial multilayer circuit-board lithography; three-dimensional physical (as opposed to electromagnetic) structure is introduced by the use of vias to form sections of the scattering elements in the direction perpendicular to the circuit board surfaces. From scattering parameter measurements, we show that the complex permittivity, permeability, index, and impedance of the composite can be unambiguously determined. The measurements enable the quantitative determination of the negative index band and associated losses. The extracted material parameters are shown to be in excellent agreement with simulation results.
Pyrethroid insecticide concentrations and toxicity in streambed sediments and loads in surface waters of the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA

Pyrethroid insecticide use in California, USA, is growing, and there is a need to understand the fate of these compounds in the environment. Concentrations and toxicity were assessed in streambed sediment of the San Joaquin Valley of California, one of the most productive agricultural regions of the United States. Concentrations were also measured in the suspended sediment associated with irrigation or storm-water runoff, and mass loads during storms were calculated. Western valley streambed sediments were frequently toxic to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, with most of the toxicity attributable to bifenthrin and cyhalothrin. Up to 100% mortality was observed in some locations with concentrations of some pyrethroids up to 20 ng/g. The western San Joaquin Valley streams are mostly small watersheds with clay soils, and sediment-laden irrigation runoff transports pyrethroid insecticides throughout the growing season. In contrast, eastern tributaries and the San Joaquin River had low bed sediment concentrations (<1 ng/g) and little or no toxicity because of the preponderance of sandy soils and sediments. Bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, and permethrin were the most frequently detected pyrethroids in irrigation and storm water runoff. Esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, and resmethrin were also detected. All sampled streams contributed to the insecticide load of the San Joaquin River during storms, but some compounds detected in the smaller creeks were not detected in the San Joaquin River. The two smallest streams, Ingram and Hospital Creeks, which had high sediment toxicity during the irrigation season, accounted for less than 5% of the total discharge of the San Joaquin River during storm conditions, and as a result their contribution to the pyrethroid mass load of the larger river was minimal. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:813–823. © 2010 SETAC
Interventions in clinical acute renal failure: What are the data?

A variety of therapeutic approaches have been used both to prevent acute ischemic and nephrotoxic renal injury and to improve renal function and reduce mortality once acute renal failure (ARF) has developed. Unfortunately, there have been few rigorous assessments of the efficacy of these treatment interventions. The reasons for the lack of abundant critical data regarding treatment effects in ARF are several. First, ARF is a functional disorder. It has a spectrum of etiologies, occurs in a variety of clinical settings and varies in severity. Second, selected endpoints of treatment success vary and co-morbid factors frequently determine outcome. Third, it had been difficult to carry out prospective controlled studies in a disorder in which the mortality rate approaches 50%. In this review, an effort was made to analyze the available literature with a primary focus on controlled studies to determine significant prophylactic and treatment effects of various interventions in ARF. Three endpoints of therapy (change in renal function, change in course of azotemia, and change in mortality) were examined for pharmacologic agents. Changes in course of azotemia and mortality were assessed in evaluating different dialysis modes. Effect on nitrogen balance, change in course of azotemia, and change in mortality were used as endpoints to determine treatment effects of different nutritional regimens. When weight was given to prospective controlled studies, some insights emerged as to treatment interventions that are most likely to have beneficial effects in specific settings of ARF. Among pharmacologic agents, mannitol appears to have a positive prophylactic effect in kidney transplantation. There are no other significant beneficial effects of diuretics for prophylaxis or as treatment in early or established ARF. Of vasoactive agents, there is a relatively small amount of data suggesting that diltiazem may have a positive prophylactic effect in kidney transplantation, and dopamine possibly is beneficial early in the evolutionary phase of ARF. Atrial natriuretic peptide and calcium channel blockers may have beneficial effects in established disease. No other pharmacologic interventions are supported by substantial data. At best, the results are equivocal regarding the use of early and vigorous dialysis in ARF. However, there are recent impressive data indicating that the use of biocompatible membranes is efficacious in recovery and survival. There is no clear evidence that one form of nutritional therapy has advantages over others, but some level of amino acid supplementation in addition to basic energy replacement is supported by the overall data.
Improved specificity of cartilage matrix evaluation using multiexponential transverse relaxation analysis applied to pathomimetically degraded cartilage

The noninvasive early detection of specific matrix alterations in degenerative cartilage disease would be of substantial use in basic science studies and clinically, but remains an elusive goal. Recently developed MRI methods exhibit some specificity, but require contrast agents or nonstandard pulse sequences and hardware. We present a multiexponential approach which does not require contrast agents or specialized hardware, and uses a standard multiple-echo spin-echo sequence. Experiments were performed on tissue models of degenerative cartilage using enzymes with distinct actions. MR results were validated using histologic, biochemical and infrared spectroscopic analyses. The sulfated glycosaminoglycan per dry weight (dw) in bovine nasal cartilage was 0.72 ± 0.06 mg/mg dw and was reduced through chondroitinase AC and collagenase digestion to 0.56 ± 0.12 and 0.58 ± 0.13 mg/mg dw, respectively. Multiexponential analysis of data obtained at 9.4 T permitted the identification of tissue compartments assigned to the proteoglycan component of the matrix and to bulk water. Enzymatic treatment resulted in a significant reduction in the ratio of proteoglycan-bound to free water from 0.13 ± 0.02 in control cartilage to 0.03 ± 0.02 and 0.05 ± 0.06 under chondroitinase AC and collagenase treatment, respectively. As expected, monoexponential T2 increased with both degradation protocols, but without further specificity to the nature of the degradation. An important eventual extension of this approach may be to map articular cartilage degeneration in the clinical setting. As an initial step towards this, localized multiexponential T2 analysis was performed on control and trypsin treated excised bovine patella. The results obtained on this articular cartilage sample were readily interpretable in terms of proteoglycan-associated and relatively free water compartments. In potential clinical applications, signal-to-noise ratio constraints will define the threshold for the detection of macromolecular compartment changes at a given spatial scale. The multiexponential approach has potential application to the early detection of cartilage degradation with the use of appropriate pulse parameters under high signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separated flow treatment with a new turbulence model

On developpe un modele k-e pour des bulles de decollement bidimensionnelles limitees par les parois
Uterocalin: A mouse acute phase protein expressed in the uterus around birth

Mouse SIP24/24p3 is a 24 kDa lipocalin expressed in the liver and secreted into the bloodstream during the acute phase response (APR). In this report we show that SIP24/24p3 mRNA and protein are expressed in the uterus around parturition at levels higher than are found in the liver during the APR. Because of the unique expression of this lipocalin in the uterus, we have named this protein uterocalin. Contrary to its expression pattern during the APR, there is little or no expression of uterocalin in the liver during or after pregnancy. Also, unlike the APR, and despite its high level of expression in the uterus, uterocalin was not detected in the blood or amniotic fluid. Day 19 and postpartum uterine samples were examined by immunocytochemistry. Uterocalin was found in the luminal epithelium at day 19 and in the glandular epithelium in postpartum samples. Although some uterocalin remained in the luminal epithelium, most of the uterocalin was found deposited on its luminal surface. The uterus undergoes extensive tissue remodeling during pregnancy and suffers stress and tissue damage around parturition. Uterocalin could be part of the local inflammatory response associated with parturition. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 46:507–514, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Extensions of ordered theories by generic predicates

Given a theory T extending that of dense linear orders without endpoints (DLO), in a language ℒ ⊇ {<}, we are interested in extensions T′ of T in languages extending ℒ by unary relation symbols that are each interpreted in models of T′ as sets that are both dense and codense in the underlying sets of the models.There is a canonically “wild” example, namely T = Th(〈ℝ, <, +, ·〉) and T′ = Th(〈ℝ, <, +, · ℚ 〉). Recall that T is o-minimal, and so every open set definable in any model of T has only finitely many definably connected components. But it is well known that 〈ℝ, <, +, · ℚ 〉 defines every real Borel set, in particular, every open subset of any finite cartesian power of ℝ and every subset of any finite cartesian power of ℚ. To put this another way, the definable open sets in models of T are essentially as simple as possible, while T′ has a model where the definable open sets are as complicated as possible, as is the structure induced on the new predicate.In contrast to the preceding example, if ℝalg is the set of real algebraic numbers and T′ Th(〈ℝ, <, +, ·, 〈alg〉), then no model of T′ defines any open set (of any arity) that is not definable in the underlying model of T.
The Threat of Living Up to Expectations Analyzing the Performance of Hispanic Students on Standardized Exams

The present study examines whether the recognition of stereotypes undermines the academic performance of Hispanic students, a phenomenon known as stereotype threat. With regard to race, stereotype threat has been examined predominately between African American and White students, yet limited research has investigated how Hispanic students respond to negative racial stereotypes. This study utilizes a t test to explore whether the presence of negative racial stereotypes influences the academic performance of Hispanic students on standardized tests. Data from the study suggest that racial stereotypes inside the classroom have a negative influence on the academic performance of Hispanic college students on standardized exams.
Fluid-filled blood pressure measurement systems

The performance of catheter-manometer systems for the measurement of pulsatile pressure has been evaluated by both experimental techniques and theoretical considerations. The former approach has sh...
Enhanced Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of ruthenium and iridium coordination compounds using melatonin

Abstract The effect on the coreactant Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (ECL) of (bpy)2Ru(DC-bpy)2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine and DC-bpy = 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine), (bpy)2Ru(DM-bpy)2+ (DM-bpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine), and Ir(ppy)3 (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) when melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine; MLT) is present in aqueous buffered solution is reported with tri-n-propylamine as the coreactant. Micromolar concentrations of melatonin generate up to 1.4-fold enhancement of (bpy)2Ru(DC-bpy)2+/TPrA ECL and (bpy)2Ru(DM-bpy)2+/TPrA ECL, and 1.7-fold enhancement Ir(ppy)3/TPrA ECL. Photoluminescence (PL) emission efficiencies and spectra do not change in the presence of melatonin unless the melatonin solution has undergone electrochemical bulk oxidation, at which point PL and ECL are nearly indistinguishable. Electrochemical and spectroscopic experiments indicate that the mechanism involves the scavenging of oxygen by melatonin oxidation products that prevents the quenching of excited states by dissolved oxygen in solution.
Headteacher Visibility and Perceptions of Head-Teacher Trustworthiness: Perspectives of Ugandan Secondary Teachers

This chapter focused primarily on how Ugandan headteachers (school-level leaders in Uganda) build cultures of trust with teachers at their schools. In particular, the authors examined how different types of Ugandan headteacher visibility influenced teachers’ perceptions of their interpersonal trustworthiness. The authors hoped that the understanding gleaned from this study will not only help Ugandan headteachers in their trust-building efforts, but also assist school leaders in other geographical contexts.
Studien über Pflanzenkolloide, IV

1. Aus dem Starkekorn last sich durch Verquellen mit KOH ein phosphorhaltiger und phosphorfreier Anteil isolieren. 2. Beim diastatischen Abbau der Starke entstehen phosphorhaltige Dextrine, die alle Eigenschaften elektronegativer Kolloide aufweisen. 3. Dieselben werden beim Kochen mit H2O unter Abgabe von Phosphorsaure aufgespalten.
EFFECTS OF MODE OF INFORMATION PRESENTATION, SEX OF APPLICANT, AND SEX OF INTERVIEWER ON SIMULATED INTERVIEW DECISIONS

A number of factors have been shown to influence the perceptions of interviewers in both laboratory and field research. Recently Dipboye, Frornkin, and Wiback (1975) found that scholastic record, the applicant's sex, and the applicant's physical attractiveness were important determinants of interviewers' evaluations when both students and interviewers served as subjects. The fact that physical attractiveness was important suggests that results may depend on whether the applicant is seen. Also, both the applicant's and the interviewer's sex may confound the effects of the applicant's physical attractiveness on the interviewer's evaluation. This research sought to determine if a resume is sufficient to simulate an interview and what effect sex differences have on the evaluation of an applicant. Subjects were 120 students enrolled in psychology courses and each was given one of the following: resume, videotaped interview, or audiotaped interview. Tapes and resumes were developed for rwo applicants (one male and one female). Pretesting indicated that the stimuli were equivalent. Ten males and ten females were randomly assigned to the three conditions. The dependent variable was an over-all favorability rating of the applicant. Analysis of variance indicated that mode of presentation produced no significant differences in the perceptions of the applicants. The applicant's sex (M,.I. = 5.5221.16; Mf.,.,. = 5.88-c.90) and the subject's sex seemed to influence the favorability ratings (F = 3.80, p < .lo; F = 3.14, p < .lo, respectively). Generally males (5.86&.79)' rated more leniently than female subjects (5.5321.24). Generalizing from results of a laboratory experiment is ofren difficult even though Bernstein, Hakel, and Harlan (1975) suggest chat students generally behave In the same fashion as interviewers in employment settings. Even though pilot testing su~gested that the two applicants were comparable stimuli, further research should deterrn~ne whether like effects would be observed for different applicants. The implications of this approach for equal opportunity for employment are obvious if sex differences do operate in the perception of applicants for employment.
The Pediatric Symptom Checklist: Comparison of symptom profiles using three factor structures between pediatric gastroenterology and general pediatric patients

This study evaluated and compared three different factor structures of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) in a gastroenterology (GI) and a general pediatrics (GP) sample. Parents of GP (n = 169)...
Etiological analysis of left ventricular hypertrophy in children

Objective Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),especially in children,is associated with a series of disorder including cardiac and systemic diseases.The etiological diagnosis should be evaluated in pediatric LVH patients.Methods From March 2005 to March 2008,clinical data from 27 patients(19 males and 8 females,mean age 2.66 years)with LVH diagnosed by two-dimensional ultrasound were analyzed.Results Among 27 patients,the primary disease were aortic disease in 4(14.8%)patients,glycogen-storage disease in 2(7.4%)patients,acromegaly in one(3.7%)patient,and glycosaminoglycan disease in one(3.7%)patient.Six(22.2%)patients with positive family history of LVH were considered to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.The primary diseases were unclear in another 13(48.1%)patients.Conclusions The primary diseases were complicated in LVH patients diagnosed by imaging examination.The diagnosis of LVH should be not only based on imaging examination,but also relied on etiological diagnosis.
A Re-examination of Dependency Path Kernels for Relation Extraction

Extracting semantic relations between entities from natural language text is an important step towards automatic knowledge extraction from large text collections and the Web. The state-of-the-art approach to relation extraction employs Support Vector Machines (SVM) and kernel methods for classification. Despite the diversity of kernels and the near exhaustive trial-and-error on kernel combination, there lacks a clear understanding of how these kernels relate to each other and why some are superior than others. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the relative strength and weakness of several kernels through systematic experimentation. We show that relation extraction can benefit from increasing the feature space through convolution kernel and introducing bias towards more syntactically meaningful feature space. Based on our analysis, we propose a new convolution dependency path kernel that combines the above two benefits. Our experimental results on the standard ACE 2003 datasets demonstrate that our new kernel gives consistent and significantly better performance than baseline methods, obtaining very competitive results to the state-ofthe-art performance.
How neural network features and depth modify statistical properties of HMM acoustic models

Tandem neural network features, especially ones trained with more than one hidden layer, have improved word recognition performance, but why these features improve automatic speech recognition systems is not completely understood. In this work, we study how neural network features cope with the mismatch between the underlying stochastic process inherent in speech, and the models we use to represent that process. We use a novel resampling framework, which re-samples test set data to match the conditional independence assumptions of the acoustic model, and measure performance as we break those assumptions. We discover that depth provides modest robustness to data/model mismatch at the state level, and compared to standard MFCC features, neural network features actually fix poor duration modeling assumptions of the HMM. The duration modeling problem is also fixed by the language model, suggesting that the dictionary and language model make very strong implicit assumptions about phone length, which may now need to be revisited.
Perfectionism in Gifted Adolescents: A Replication and Extension

To provide further generalizability for the results garnered by two previous studies, the authors conducted a methodological replication. In addition to adding to the body of replication research d...
The ASH Clinical Research Training Institute (CRTI) Positively Impacts The Success Of Early Career Hematologists In Patient-Oriented Clinical Research

There is a recognized need to translate scientific discoveries to patient-oriented clinical research (POCR) in order to improve human health. To overcome obstacles that interfere with the recruitment and retention of physicians for POCR careers, in 2003 the American Society of Hematology (ASH) developed the Clinical Research Training Institute (CRTI), an enhanced and extensive mentored experience for early career POCR investigators. The ASH CRTI is limited to 20 trainees/year (senior fellows or junior faculty) with an equivalent number of faculty mentors. The year-long Institute includes a 1 week workshop with didactic sessions on a variety of POCR and career development topics, disease-specific small group sessions focusing on research protocol development with biostatistician participation, and one-on-one interactions with faculty and representatives with expertise in career-development awards from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Trainees have additional interactions with their small groups and CRTI mentors throughout the ensuing year to promote career development and research collaborations. Communications between the trainees’ CRTI and home institution mentors are a vital component of the program. Evaluation of the POCR career development successes of the first 7 CRTI classes (140 trainees) was performed by reviewing trainees’ curriculum vitaes and their responses to an electronically distributed survey. Gender, racial and ethnic distributions were similar to that of U.S. Hematology/Oncology fellowship programs. The majority (66%) of trainees were senior fellows or graduates of adult hematology/oncology training programs, 31% of pediatric hematology/oncology programs and the remainder of other hematology-related programs. Eighty-six percent of trainees had self-described success establishing a POCR study and 85% considered themselves clinical investigators. Nearly half of trainees had positions that were primarily research focused. CRTI trainees received at least 144 external grant awards plus additional internal awards, and had published 1035 peer-reviewed manuscripts,173 chapters and 115 review articles. Over 95% of trainees were satisfied with their CRTI experience and testimonials supported their impression that CRTI had a significant impact on their career success. Enhancements introduced into the CRTI program, as a result of ongoing program evaluations, include broadening participant eligibility to include up to 5 international trainees per class to enhance global research collaborations and further enhancements to the trainee-mentor interactions. The outcomes of the ASH CRTI support the hypothesis that enhanced mentoring experiences contribute to the successful career development of physicians pursuing POCR careers. Disclosures: Clayton: American Society of Hematology: Employment.
Abstract 3757: A novel class of chemicals that react with damaged DNA and specifically kill B-cell cancers

Majority of B-cell malignancies arise in germinal center, where the processes of somatic hypermuation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) for antibody maturation are initiated by activation-induced demainase (AID). AID belongs to the AID/APOBEC family and deaminates cytosine in DNA creating uracil. We have previously shown that B-cell lymphoma cell lines and patient tumors express AID at high levels and contain high levels of uracils in their genome. These cells also contain uracil-DNA glycosylase that removes uracils generating high levels of abasic (AP) sites. AP sites exist in equilibrium with the open form of deoxyribose sugar that reacts with alkoxyamines forming a stable oxime. This principle was used to block the repair of excess AP sites in B cell cancers using an alkoxyamine, AA3. We found that AA3 effectively kills B-cell lymphoma cell lines which have high levels of endogenous AP sites. In contrast, AA3 is not toxic to normal human B cells and mouse splenocytes, as well as non-hematological cancers. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of selective cell killing by AA3, we compared the number of AP sites in B cell cancers and non-hematological cancers and confirmed that B cell cancer cells contained many more AP sites in their genome. Additionally, we found that AA3 was covalently linked to B cell cancer genome and AA3-DNA adducts caused cell death by blocking DNA replication and elevating DNA strand breaks. To determine which functionality of AA3 is responsible for its cytotoxicity and to discover better candidates for killing B cell cancers, we designed and synthesized a series of AA3 analogues. Using this approach, we have defined the functional groups required for AA3 toxicity. Overall, we have discovered that AA3 is selectively toxic to B cell cancers. This new family of chemicals could be developed further as novel and unique anti-cancer drugs. Citation Format: Shanqiao Wei, Madusha Watuthanthrige, Sophia Shalhout, Ashok S. Bhagwat. A novel class of chemicals that react with damaged DNA and specifically kill B-cell cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3757.