cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid Tidal Marsh Development in Anthropogenic Backwaters

Tidal marsh restoration and creation has been proposed as a tool to build coastal resilience in the face of rising sea level and increasing intensity of coastal storms. However, it is unclear what conditions within constructed settings will lead to the successful establishment of tidal marsh. We used sediment cores and historical geospatial data in the tidal freshwater Hudson River to identify the rapid creation and development of marshes that are sheltered by human-made structures including railroad berms, jetties, and dredge spoil islands. These backwater areas rapidly accumulated clastic material following anthropogenic modification that allowed for transition from tidal mudflat to emergent marsh. In one case, historical aerial photos document this transition occurring in less than 18 years, offering a timeframe for marsh development. Accretion rates for anthropogenic tidal marshes and mudflats average 0.8-1.1 cm yr-1 and 0.6-0.7 cm yr-1 respectively, equivalent to 2-3 times the rate of relative sea level rise as well as the observed accretion rate at a 6000+ year old reference marsh in the study area. Paired historical and geospatial analysis revealed that more than half of all the tidal wetlands on the Hudson are anthropogenic and developed since the industrial era, including two thirds of the emergent cattail marsh. These inadvertently constructed tidal wetlands currently trap roughly 6% of the Hudson River’s sediment load. Results indicate that when sediment is readily available freshwater tidal wetlands can develop relatively rapidly in sheltered estuarine settings, and serve as useful examples to help guide future tidal marsh creation and restoration efforts.
A Complete, Accurate and Efficient Solution for the Perspective-N-Line Problem

This paper presents a complete, accurate, and efficient solution for the Perspective-n-Line (PnL) problem. Generally, the camera pose can be determined from $N \geq 3$ 2D-3D line correspondences. The minimal problem ( $N= 3$ ) and the least-squares problem ( $N > 3$ ) are generally solved in different ways. This paper shows that a least-squares PnL problem can be transformed into a quadratic equation system that has the same form as the minimal problem. This leads to a unified solution for the minimal and least-squares PnL problems. We adopt the Gram-Schmidt process and a novel hidden variable polynomial solver to increase the numerical stability of our algorithm. Experimental results show that our algorithm is more accurate and robust than the state-of-the-art least-squares algorithms [1] – [4] and is significantly faster. Moreover, our algorithm is more stable than previous minimal solutions [3] , [5] , [6] with comparable runtime.
Identification of 16p11.q2 deletion syndrome on a child inpatient psychiatric unit: A case report and call for inpatient genetic testing

Purpose This case highlights the importance of nursing-directed interprofessional treatment and inpatient unit genetic testing to identify genetic syndromes that may potentiate psychiatric conditions. Sources used A case study of a 10-year-old Caucasian male with a history of a congenital heart defect, hand malformation, and low academic functioning who was admitted to the child inpatient psychiatric unit for eloping from school, aggression, and possible psychotic symptoms. Data were collected using patient medical records and interprofessional evaluation from nursing, psychiatry, and occupational therapy. Results The patient was treated with risperidone to manage psychotic symptoms. Dietary, occupational therapy, and scholastic plans were also implemented. After discharge, results of genetic microarray analysis revealed a Type 1 16p11.q2 deletion. Conclusion The role of nursing, interprofessional collaboration, and access to consultation teams play a crucial role in patient care for early diagnosis and treatment. Inpatient genetic testing has the potential to quickly identify and diagnose previously unidentified symptom clusters, leading to early intervention, closer monitoring, and improved patient outcomes.
Overcoming the Market Dominance of Hospitals

This Viewpoint reviews the conditions which incentivize consolidation of health systems, hospitals, and physician practices into entities that decrease health care quality and increase prices, and in the context of financial pressures wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic proposes policy solutions that could protect patients against potential adverse effects of accelerating trends toward consolidation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association is the property of American Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Impact of Video-Based Interventions on Willingness to Donate Decedent Tissue

Over 60% of decedents in the US have not given first-person consent for tissue donation, thus, receiving consent from next-of-kin (NOK) is important. As a more informed NOK is more likely to consent to tissue donation, we introduced the delivery of a video that discusses the benefits of donation as part of the request for donation to the NOK. We delivered two videos to NOK who were approached for tissue donation. One was an animated, freely available video developed by the United States Health Resources and Services Administration and the other was an interview-based video made in partnership with the Nevada Donor Network. We focused our intervention on improving White donation rates as many historical factors make this simple, minimal intervention unlikely to be sufficient to encourage non-White donation but its use for White NOK may free resources that could be dedicated to non-White NOK. Whites were more likely to donate if they viewed either video, and the two videos were not statistically different in their effect. As those that accepted the video may have been predisposed to donate, we performed an online experiment that does not suffer from this endogeneity concern. In the online experiment we found parallel results to the field, and we found suggestive evidence that the informational content in the video increased donation willingness. We have therefore identified a cheap and easy to implement intervention (the free animated video) that could improve tissue availability from White NOK (who are the majority ethnic group in our setting).
Active, controlled circular, and spin-rotational movement of optically trapped airborne micro-particles

We present a novel method for actively controlling circular and/or spin-rotational motion of an optically trapped airborne micro-particle. A 532-nm Gaussian laser beam is shaped into an elliptical ring by a pair of axicons and a cylindrical lens. The shaped beam is then focused into an elliptic cone that produces an optical trap. As the cylindrical lens is rotated, a torque is exerted on the trapped particle, resulting in circular or spin-rotational motion. We show examples of the circular-rotational movement as a function of laser power and the rotation rate of the cylindrical lens.
Investigation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) drinking bottles as marine reservoirs for fecal bacteria and phytoplankton

Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is frequently used in the food and beverage industry and therefore contributes greatly to plastic marine debris. The fecal pollution indicator bacteria Enterococcus is used for marine water contamination assessments and is regularly found in storm water discharge. In order to examine if PET drinking bottles act as refuges for Enterococcus, a study was conducted within euhaline tidal waters of Wrightsville Beach, NC, USA via the deployment of bottle floats positioned nearby two stormwater outfall pipes. Bottles were retrieved weekly to assess the accumulation of fecal bacteria and phytoplankton. Each bottle was analyzed for the presence of Enterococcus on plastic surfaces and within water inside the bottle. Abundance of Enterococcus and planktonic chlorophyll α was found to be significantly greater in association with PET bottles versus the surrounding waters. Bottles were observed to act as reservoirs for both Enterococcus and phytoplankton with concentrations well above the state, federal, and WHO standards.
ELAPOR1 is a secretory granule maturation-promoting factor that is lost during paligenosis.

A single transcription factor, MIST1 (BHLHA15), maximizes secretory function in diverse secretory cells (like pancreatic acinar cells) by transcriptionally upregulating genes that elaborate secreto...
The Balance of Vorticity in Parallel Shear Motion

I HIS paper in the February, 1937 issue of this. Journal, Th. von Karman proves that the Reynolds energy integral for turbulent motion, which expresses the balancing between the space-integral of the energy of mean motion which is coverted into energy of turbulent motion, and the energy which is dissipated by turbulent motion, can be particularized to give a relation for the local balancing of energy. He also derives a second relation which expresses the local balancing of vorticity, namely,
When the Public has a Right to Know: Using Toulmin's Method to Protect Sensitive Information on Government Websites.

Publicly accessible U.S. government websites often provide sensitive information that can be abused by terrorists. For example they may provide extensive information on a region’s nuclear power plants or water supply systems or emergency preparedness. It is possible for terrorists and other malcontents to use such information to identify ‘soft targets’. However, due to laws such as the Freedom of Information Act, and also due to precedent, the government cannot simply choose not to provide much of this information. This calls for a mechanism whereby the government may be able to intelligently control the dissemination of information so as to reduce the probability of sensitive information falling into the wrong hands. In particular, the government needs a system to analyze and assess the legitimacy of claims to information. This paper proposes an agent-based framework that has the potential to allow the government to control, in an intelligent fashion, the dissemination of sensitive information via government websites. This framework employs the ‘Toulmin method for analyzing arguments’ to assess the legitimacy of claims to information on government websites.
A generic approach to planning in the presence of incomplete information: Theory and implementation

Abstract This paper proposes a generic approach to planning in the presence of incomplete information. The approach builds on an abstract notion of a belief state representation, along with an associated set of basic operations. These operations facilitate the development of a sound and complete transition function, for reasoning about effects of actions in the presence of incomplete information, and a set of abstract algorithms for planning. The paper demonstrates how the abstract definitions and algorithms can be instantiated in three concrete representations—minimal-DNF, minimal-CNF, and prime implicates—resulting in three highly competitive conformant planners: Dnf , Cnf , and PIP . The paper relates the notion of a representation to that of ordered binary decision diagrams, a well-known belief state representation employed by many conformant planners, and several target compilation languages that have been presented in the literature. The paper also includes an experimental evaluation of the planners Dnf , Cnf , and PIP and proposes a new set of conformant planning benchmarks that are challenging for state-of-the-art conformant planners.
Binding of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II After Recombination With Phospholipid Vesicles to the High Density Lipoprotein Receptor of Luteinized Rat Ovary

To determine the apolipoprotein specificity of high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, apolipoprotein A-I (apo-AI) and apolipoprotein A-II (apo-AII) purified from high density lipoprotein3 (HDL3) were reconstituted into dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles (DMPC) and their ability to bind to luteinized rat ovarian membranes was examined. Both 125I-apo-A-I.DMPC and 125I-apo-A-II.DMPC were shown to bind to ovarian membranes with Kd = 2.87 and 5.70 micrograms of protein/ml, respectively. The binding of both 125I-apo-A-I.DMPC and 125I-apo-A-II.DMPC was inhibited by unlabeled HDL3, apo-A-I.DMPC, apo-A-II.DMPC, apo-C-I.DMPC, apo-C-II.DMPC, apo-C-III1.DMPC, and apo-C-III2.DMPC, but not by DMPC vesicles, bovine serum albumin.DMPC or low density lipoprotein. Since the binding labeled apo-A-I.DMPC and apo-A-II.DMPC was inhibited by the DMPC complexes of apo-C groups, the direct binding of 125I-apo-C-III1.DMPC was also demonstrated with Kd = 9.6 micrograms of protein/ml. In addition, unlabeled apo-A-I.DMPC, and apo-A-II.DMPC, as well as apo-C.DMPC, inhibited 125I-HDL3 binding. 125I-apo-A-I, 125I-apo-A-II, and 125I-apo-C-III1 in the absence of DMPC also bind to the membranes. These results suggest that HDL receptor recognizes apolipoprotein AI, AII, and the C group and that the binding specificity of the reconstituted lipoproteins is conferred by their apolipoprotein moiety rather than the lipid environment. In vivo pretreatment of rats with human chorionic gonadotropin resulted in an increase of 125I-apo-A-I.DMPC, 125I-apo-A-II.DMPC, and 125I-apo-C-III1.DMPC binding activities. However, no induction of binding activity was observed when the apolipoprotein was not included in DMPC vesicles. An examination of the equilibrium dissociation constant and binding capacity for 125I-apo-A-I.DMPC and 125I-apo-A-II.DMPC after human chorionic gonadotropin treatment revealed that the increase in binding activity was due to an increase in the number of binding sites rather than a change in the binding affinity. These results further support our contention that apo-A-I, apo-A-II, and the apo-C group bind to HDL receptor. In conclusion, the HDL receptor of luteinized rat ovary recognizes apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and the C group but not low density lipoprotein, and the binding is induced by human chorionic gonadotropin in vivo.
Do Investors Value Uniqueness in Corporate Strategy? Evidence from Mergers and Acquisitions

Using mergers and acquisitions as a testing ground we examine whether managers face conflicting incentives in selecting the uniqueness of their corporate strategy. We argue that firms that pursue strategies which assemble commonly-bundled assets may pay more for these assets, perhaps as a reflection of the greater degree of competition among rivals for them. On the other hand pursuing a common business strategy would likely lead to better stock market response as analysts might find it less costly to analyze such commonly observed strategies. We find that acquirers, who as an outcome of their acquisitions become more similar to their rivals, receive a significantly higher positive announcement return. A decrease from the top to the bottom decile of the measure of uniqueness of the corporate strategy of the post-merger company is associated with an increase in abnormal announcement returns (within -1 to 1 days around the announcement) of 1.01%. At the same time acquirers in the bottom decile of our uniqueness measure pay on average 13.6% more for their targets than acquirers in the top decile; they also have subsequent one-year-post-merger-closing profitability which is about 1.25% lower than their peer group with more unique corporate strategy. These findings are stronger for a measure of uniqueness that compares the post-merger company to the primary industry rivals that are covered by analysts. Overall we interpret our results to suggest a paradox between the market perception for the degree of uniqueness of corporate strategy and the subsequent corporate performance in mergers & acquisitions.
As manifestações da autoria na formação do educador em espaços digitais virtual

This article presents reflections arising from processes of formation of the educator developed through the construction of Virtual Digital Worlds in 3D (MDV3D) and supported by Virtual Learning Environment (VLE-UNISINOS), whose objective was to investigate the authorship process. The theoretical foundation of the Biology of Cognition helped in understanding the living being (human being) as the author of living and live with, articulated to the thinking of Maraschin, of living and live with configured in a digital virtual space of coexistence, and the different manifestations of authorship. The development of this study enabled the living and the live with of the educators in formation in a network of interactions, when configuring a virtual digital space of coexistence, where it was possible to highlight three manifestations of authorship: pre-authorship, transformative authorship and creative authorship.
Relativistic hadrons near accreting compact objects: Dynamical and radiative signatures

Ultrarelativistic protons in the vicinity of an accreting compact object lose energy by interacting with the ambient plasma and radiation field. In the process, they may create significant fluxes of gamma rays, electron-positron pairs, neutrinos and neutrons. I outline the processes by which these particles are created, and their ultimate fates. Pairs and gamma rays participate in an electromagnetic pair cascade, which ultimately contributes to (and may dominate the nonthermal radiation output from the compact object. Virtually all of the neutrinos and a significant fraction of the neutrons escape, and may be responsible for observable radiative and dynamical effects originating far from the compact object.
Planning for Large-Scale Wind and Solar Power in South Africa: Identifying Cost-Effective Deployment Strategies Through Spatiotemporal Modelling

South Africa hopes to expand wind and solar power. Success depends on how and where to deploy the technologies. This study develops a 10-year database of expected power generation for these technologies across South Africa. A power system model simulates
Bitcoin: A Pedagogical Guide for the College Classroom.

The emergence of Bitcoin as an online currency/payment system has been surrounded with controversy with equally passionate proponents and detractors arguing for its long-term viability. These debates lead to stimulating exercises for the finance or economics student eager to understand principles of money, currencies, and monetary economics. The author presents a summary of the key arguments in a pedagogical structure useful to instructors who wish to use Bitcoin as a practical tool to stimulate critical thinking on these topics in the college classroom.
An inquiry into the etiology of placental polyps

Abstract Placenta accreta has been repeatedly linked with the etiology of placental polyps. In the acute category, from personal experiences, this etiologic possibility is presented from a prospective observation. A placental polyp should be anticipated in the patient who has required manual placental removal and where a clinical diagnosis of degrees of placenta accreta was made in one or more previous pregnancies. The amount of space alloted to this entity will vary in most texts from one to two small paragraphs. Mentioned in many old obstetrics texts, it is deleted in most of the present editions. Yet there is no comparable obstetric hazard to the immediate formation of a huge mass of vascular tissue from which hemorrhage may be catastrophic.
Effect of metal annealing on the Q-factor of metal- coated fused silica micro shell resonators

This paper reports on the effect of annealing thin metal films coated on high-Q fused silica shell resonators. While the ring-down time of some resonators improves with annealing, others degrade. Investigations include the effect of annealing on metal film stress, roughness, and elemental composition, as well as the effect of film thickness and roughness on quality factor. Increased tensile stress and film roughness are observed after annealing; it is suspected that these changes are due to formation of intermetallic grain boundaries that result in film densification and the formation of hillocks. Increasing film thickness reduces Q, though it is unlikely due to thermoelastic damping. Surface roughness tends to increase with film thickness, but does not appear to have a direct correlation with Q.
Energetic Particle Phenomena in the Earth’s Magnetospheric Tail

Solar electrons of kinetic energy E ≳ 50 keV are used as test particles to study the gross magnetic topology of the earth’s distant magnetospheric tail and electric fields therein. The observations have been made with similar systems of detectors on the earth orbiting Explorer 33 and the moon orbiting Explorer 35. Based on study of electron shadowing by the moon, of the simultaneous intensity of solar electrons in interplanetary space and within the magnetotail, and of the very short time delay in access of impulsively emitted solar electrons into the magnetotail, the following conclusions are proposed: (1) The gross magnetic topology of the distant magnetotail is an “open” one (i.e., dynamic interconnection of geomagnetic field lines to those in the interplanetary medium). (2) There are no closed electrical equipotential surfaces in the magnetotail at downstream distances greater than 64 RE. (3) Solar electrons enter the magnetotail at downstream distances between 64 and 900 RE. (4) Support is given to the idea that the motional electromotive force caused by the motion of the interplanetary magnetic field past the earth is responsible for driving magnetospheric plasma convection and electrical currents in the polar ionosphere.
Galilean and U(1)-gauge symmetry of the Schrödinger field

Abstract This paper undertakes a study of the nature of the force associated with the local U ( 1 ) -gauge symmetry of a non-relativistic quantum particle. To ensure invariance under local U ( 1 ) symmetry, a matter field must couple to a gauge field. We show that such a gauge field satisfies Maxwell’s equations, whether the matter field coupled to it is relativistic or non-relativistic. This result suggests that the structure of Maxwell’s equations is determined by gauge symmetry rather than the symmetry transformation properties of space-time. In order to assess the validity of this notion, we examine the transformation properties of the coupled matter and gauge fields under Galilean transformations. Our main technical result is the Galilean invariance of the full equations of motion of the U ( 1 ) gauge field.
Relationship stigma and relationship outcomes in interracial and same-sex relationships: Examination of sources and buffers.

Interracial and same-sex romantic relationships are more common and socially accepted in the United States than ever before; yet, stigmatization of these relationships persists, with consequences for relationship dynamics. We conducted an online survey study with adults living in the United States in interracial and same-sex relationships to examine associations of relationship stigma from family, friends, and public with several relationship outcomes (i.e., investment, satisfaction, intimate partner aggression victimization and perpetration, commitment, intimacy, trust, passion, love, sexual communication, and sexual satisfaction), as well as the potential buffering roles of egalitarianism and dyadic coping. Regression analyses with 480 participants support that above and beyond individually experienced discrimination and other well-known predictors of relationship outcomes, relationship stigma from friends in particular was associated with lower relationship commitment, trust, love, and sexual communication, as well as greater odds of intimate partner aggression victimization. Egalitarianism and dyadic coping moderated some of the associations of relationship stigma from family, friends, and public with relationship outcomes, supporting their potential roles as buffers. These findings suggest many avenues for future research and implications for clinicians working with interracial and same-sex couples, individuals in those couples, and their families. Given increasing prevalence of interracial and same-sex relationships and marriages, more work should continue to explore these couples' experiences and how best to support them. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
Self-consistent spin structures

The general self-consistent spin structures employed at the ''zero-entropy'' level of the topological expansion in the dual topological unitarization approach to particle theory are examined in detail. Special attention is given to the problem of the phase factors to be associated with the zero-entropy terms. We consider the discontinuity equation satisfied by the zero-entropy scalar function and find that the discontinuity has a sign that varies as (-1)/sup L/ where L is the number of quark loops. This result is shown to be a consequence of the requirement that the sum of zero-entropy terms be Hermitian analytic. The effects of charge conjugation, parity, and time reversal on the zero-entropy S-matrix elements are derived. The two- and four-component spin formalisms are also compared. Normalization conventions for amplitudes and phase space are given explicitly.
Finite element analysis of anisotropic materials with singular inplane stress fields

Abstract A finite element formulation is developed for the analysis of singular stress states at material and geometric discontinuities in anisotropic materials loaded inplane. The displacement field of the sectorial element is quadratic in the angular coordinate direction and exponential in the radial direction measured from the singular point. The formulation of Yamada and Okumura (1983a, b) is extended to take into account the anisotropy of the material. The stress and displacement fields are obtained when the order of the stress singularity is real as well as complex. When the order of the stress singularity is complex, it is shown that the angular variation of the stress and displacement fields can be expressed in an infinite number of ways. Results for the displacement and stress fields obtained when the order of the stress singularity is complex can be made to match already published results once a similarity transformation is applied. The simplicity and accuracy of the formulation are demonstrated by comparison to several analytical solutions for both isotropic and anisotropic multi-material wedges and junctions with and without disbonds. The nature and rate of convergence associated with the element suggests that it could be used in developing enriched elements for use with standard elements to yield accurate and computationally efficient solutions to problems having complex global geometries.
The Influence of Soya Lecithin on Muscular Strength

(1951). The Influence of Soya Lecithin on Muscular Strength. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 201-207.
The limiting role of mucus in drug absorption: Drug permeation through mucus solution

Abstract A purified model in vitro mucus system containing primarily the large, 400 kDa glycoprotein fraction of mucus has been developed for use in drug permeability and drug binding studies. The effect of protein solutions, either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or purified porcine gastric mucus, on the permeability behavior of five drugs was studied. The drugs chosen were isoniazid, pentamidine, rifampicin, p-aminosalicylic acid, and pyrazinamide, all of which can be potentially delivered as pulmonary aerosols. BSA was included in the permeability studies for comparison with previously obtained data regarding their binding behaviors to mucin relative to BSA. A custom membrane holder with a 3 mm chamber for mucin or other solutions was used in a Side-Bi-SideR diffusion apparatus to measure drug permeation through the solutions. Apparent permeability coefficients were calculated for each barrier in the series barrier system, with a protein solution being one of the barriers. The protein solutions significantly reduced the permeability of the drugs studied compared with their permeability through blank buffer solution. Both the lag time and the steady-state flux of the compounds were altered in the presence of protein indicating that there is more than protein binding affecting permeability. Such reductions in permeability coefficients need to be considered for all compounds that must traverse any mucosal surface prior to absorption or action.
Efficient Synthesis of an Aldehyde Functionalized Hyaluronic Acid and Its Application in the Preparation of Hyaluronan−Lipid Conjugates

An efficient method to synthesize hyaluronan oligosaccharide lipid conjugates is described. This strategy is based on the introduction of a double bond in the glucuronic acid of the hyaluronic acid (HA), by the biodegradation of HA with hyaluronate lyase, followed by the generation of a free aldehyde group at the nonreducing end of hyaluronic acid via ozonolysis and the subsequent reduction of the generated ozonide. The resulting aldehyde-functionalized HA is then coupled to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) using reductive amination chemistry. This methodology can be extended to link molecules such as biotin, polymers, or proteins to HA for numerous applications in drug delivery and in the creation of biocompatible materials for tissue repair and engineering.
Sesquiterpene lactones. New lactones from Hymenoclea salsola T. and G.

Abstract Further examination of Hymenoclea salsola T. and G., from which four pseudoguaianolides and ilicic acid were previously isolated, has yielded three new compounds of the same class. These are hymenin (1-epiparthenin), hymenolin (11,13-dihydroparthenin), and salsolin (apoludin-2-acetate).
On the inhibition of photosyhthetic electron transfer in the plastoquinone-cytochrome ƒ region by hydroxyquinoline-N-oxides

Abstract By examining the effect of high concentrations of 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) on electron transport in both thylakoids and isolated cytochrome b 6 /ƒ complexes, we have determined that HQNO ( I 50 ≊ 50 μ M ) inhibits electron flow between plastoquinone and cytochrome ƒ. Based on the similarity in the inhibition pattern of reactions that involve quinol oxidation by HQNO compared to dibromothymoquinone and the dinitrophenyl ether of iodonitrothymol, we propose that cytochrome b6 is the target for alkyl hydroxyquinoline-N-oxides in the plastoquinone-cytochrome ƒ region.
Magma sources for Mesozoic anorogenic granites of the White Mountain magma series, New England, USA

The magma sources for granitic intrusions related to the Mesozoic White Mountain magma series in northern New England, USA, are addressed relying principally upon Nd isotopes. Many of these anorogenic complexes lack significant volumes of exposed mafic lithologies and have been suspected of representing crustal melts. Sm−Nd and Rb−Sr isotope systematics are used to evaluate magma sources for 18 felsic plutons with ages ranging from about 120 to 230 Ma. The possibility of crustal sources is further examined with analyses of representative older crust including Paleozoic granitoids which serve as probes of the lower crust in the region. Multiple samples from two representative intrusions are used to address intrapluton initial isotopic heterogeneities and document significant yet restricted variations (<∼1 in eNd). Overall, Mesozoic granite plutons range in eNd [T] from +4.2 to -2.3, with most +2 to 0, and in initial 87Sr/86Sr from 0.7031 to ∼0.709. The isotopic variations are roughly inversely correlated but are not obviously related to geologic, geographic, or age differences. Older igneous and metamorphic crust of the region has much lower Nd isotope ratios with the most radiogenic Paleozoic granitoid at eNd [180 Ma] of -2.8. These data suggest mid-Proterozoic separation of the crust in central northern New England. Moreover, the bulk of the Mesozoic granites cannot be explained as crustal melts but must have large mantle components. The ranges of Nd and Sr isotopes are attributed to incorporation of crust by magmas derived from midly depleted mantle sources. Crustal input may reflect either magma mixing of crustal and mantle melts or crustal assimilation which is the favored interpretation. The results indicate production of anorogenic granites from mantle-derived mafic magmas.
Polyamines and cytoskeletal proteins in intestinal epithelial cell migration.

Our previous studies have shown that polyamines are essential for early mucosal restitution in vivo and cell migration in vitro. The current study determines whether cytoskeleton is involved in the process requiring polyamines for the stimulation of cell migration. Treatment with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine synthesis, for 4 days totally inhibited ODC activity and depleted intracellular polyamines in the intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) derived from rat small intestinal crypt cells. Polyamine deficiency resulted in reorganization of F-actin in migrating cells but had no effect on the concentrations of filamentous actin and β-actin mRNA. The actin cortex was greatly increased in density and lamellipodia were less extensive. In contrast, non-muscle myosin I and II levels in DFMO-treated cells were decreased by 70 and 75%, respectively, and stress fibres were sparse or absent. The most striking feature of DFMO-treated cells was the appearance of many small punctate foci of myosin II in the cell interior. Migration of DFMO-treated cells was reduced by 80%. In the presence of DFMO, exogenous polyamine not only returned cytoskeleton levels and distribution towards normal but also restored cell migration to control levels. These results indicate that actin and myosins have a role in polyamine-dependent epithelial cell migration and may be part of the mechanism that requires polyamines for early mucosal restitution.
Tuning Delocalization in the Radical Cations of 1,4-Bis[4-(diarylamino)styryl]benzenes, 2,5-Bis[4-(diarylamino)styryl]thiophenes, and 2,5-Bis[4-(diarylamino)styryl]pyrroles through Substituent Effects

Radical cations have been generated for 10 bis[4-(diarylamino)styryl]arenes and heteroarenes to investigate the effect of the electron-richness of the terminal groups and of the bridging (hetero)arene on delocalization. The intervalence charge-transfer bands of these radical cations vary from weak broad Gaussians, indicative of localized class-II mixed-valence species, to strong relatively narrow asymmetric bands, characteristic of delocalized class-III bis(diarylamino) species, to narrow symmetric bands in cases where the bridge contribution to the singly occupied molecular orbital is largest. Hush analysis of these bands yields estimates of the electronic coupling varying from 480 cm–1 (electron-poor bridge, most electron-rich terminal aryl groups) to 1000 cm–1 (electron-rich bridge, least electron-rich termini) if the diabatic electron-transfer distance, Rab, is equated to the N–N separation. Computational and electron spin resonance (ESR) evidence for displacement of the diabatic states into the bridg...
The influence of hemodilution on outcome after hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: results of a randomized trial in infants.

Abstract Background We hypothesized that cognitive impairment and hemodynamic instability after infant cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass might be exacerbated by hemodilution. Methods In a single-center randomized trial with blinded assessment of outcomes, we compared use of 2 hemodilution protocols during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with infant cardiac surgery. The primary perioperative end point was lowest cardiac index in the first 24 hours postoperatively, and primary end points at age 1 year were scores on the Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Developmental Index of the Bayley Scales. Results Among 147 subjects, 74 were assigned to the lower-hematocrit strategy (21.5% ± 2.9%, mean ± SD at onset of low-flow bypass) and 73 to the higher-hematocrit strategy (27.8% ± 3.2%). In intent-to-treat analyses the lower-hematocrit group had lower nadirs of cardiac index ( P = .02), higher serum lactate levels 60 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass ( P = .03), and a greater percentage increase in total body water on the first postoperative day ( P = .006). Blood product use and adverse events were similar in the 2 groups. At age 1 year (113 children), the lower-hematocrit group had worse scores on the Psychomotor Development Index (81.9 ± 15.7 vs 89.7 ± 14.7, P = .008), as well as more Psychomotor Development Index scores at least 2 SDs below the population mean (16/56 [29%] vs 5/53 [9%], P = .01). The groups had similar Mental Developmental Index scores and findings on neurologic examination. Inferences using hematocrit as a continuous variable were similar to those based on intent-to-treat analyses. Conclusions Hemodilution to a hematocrit level in wide use for cardiopulmonary bypass and thought to be safe is associated with adverse perioperative and developmental outcomes in infants.
Communication resources for obesity prevention among African American and Latino residents in an urban neighborhood.

African Americans and Latinos are at disproportionately high risk for obesity and for the chronic conditions and diseases associated with it. This study uses communication infrastructure theory to explore how connections to neighborhood communication resources and communication with family members can affect residents’ regular exercise and healthy eating behaviors—two of the most direct strategies for achieving or maintaining a healthy weight. Regression analyses revealed that connections to the neighborhood storytelling network and family interaction predicted residents’ regular exercise and that family interaction had the strongest effect on the likelihood of exercising regularly. Family interaction was the only independent variable that predicted residents’ daily intake of fruits and vegetables. Implications of these findings for community health programs and theory development are discussed.
The “strange power of speech”: The unprecedented but limited success of telephone company First Amendment arguments

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 rendered moot recent successful telephone company constitutional challenges to the Cable Act ban on telephone company provision of video. The cases, however, suggest the “strange power”; of the First Amendment to shatter well‐established structural regulations and present evidence that well‐heeled actors can gain through the courts regulatory concessions not readily attainable from Congress or the FCC. Neither precedent nor logic supports these court rulings, which eliminated economic regulation based upon speculative First Amendment gains rather than upon demonstrated abridgments of speech or changes in the video market
Inclusion of elastic strain rate in the analysis of viscoplastic flow during rolling

Abstract Elastic strain rates are accounted for in a steady state, isothermal, analysis of viscoplastic flow of metal during rolling. The inclusion of the elastic strain rates allows evaluation of the residual stresses in the product, not possible from analyses based on purely viscoplastic flows.
The Enron Scandal and the Neglect of Management Integrity Capacity

The nature, value, and neglect of integrity capacity by managers and the adverse impacts that Enron executive practices have had on a range of stakeholders are delineated. An explanation is given on how moral competence in management practice is addressed by each dimension of the management integrity capacity construct (process, judgment, development, and system) and how Enron executive practices eroded each dimension. Specifically addressed is how behavioral and moral complexity can be utilized to balance the competing values of management and ethics theories to reduce the likelihood of future Enron‐like managerial malpractice. Finally, three positive action steps are recommended to improve managerial integrity capacity and remedies are proposed for victimized Enron stakeholders.
The commonality of subjective organization in free recall

Measures of bidirectional commonality and bidirectional ratio of commonality are presented to assess the extent of inter-S agreement of subjective organization in free recall. The results of an experiment employing the commonality measure indicate that commonality increases across trials and is positively correlated with the amount of recall. However, the amount of commonality is relatively low. The low amounts of commonality were confirmed further by analyzing the data of three additional and independent studies of free recall.
An XPS study of nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and oxygen adsorption on Pt(210)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy were used to investigate the adsorption of NO, CO and O2 on Pt(210). It is found that both CO and NO molecularly adsorb on Pt(210), but while CO desorbs without dissociation, NO dissociates on heating to 450 K. Oxygen adsorbs dissociatively. However, two different oxygen states are seen in XPS, and the Pt(210) surface seems to adsorb an unusually large amount of oxygen. Implications of these results are discussed.
Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in C57B16 mice

Abstract Three-month-old male C57B1 6 mice were given single oral doses of 0, 100, 150, or 200 μg of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)/kg. The LD50 was 114 μ/kgg. In mice that died, depletion of the thymus and spleen were consistently found and edema and terminal hemorrhages occurred frequently. In a second experiment, 4-month-old male mice were dosed po with 0, 0.2, 1.0, 5.0 or 25 μg/kg, once a week for 2 or 6 weeks. Some deaths and growth retardation occurred in the 25 μg/kg dose group. Significantly increased liver and decreased thymus weights were found in the 1, 5 and 25 μg/kg dose groups. Total neutrophils were increased significantly, whereas hemoglobin values and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations were decreased significantly after 6 doses of 25 μg/kg. Total serum protein and α-, β-, and γ-globulins were significantly decreased. TCDD was porphyrogenic. The hepatic porphyria was probably associated with liver damage. Degenerative and necrotic changes in the liver were essentially centrilobular and were accompanied by cellular infiltrates and ceroid pigment deposition. Proliferation of bile duct and bile duct epithelial cells occurred. Lipid accumulation was centrilobulary localized in the mice receiving 0.2 μg/kg, was more pronounced in the mice of the intermediate dose levels, and involved hepatocytes throughout the lobule in the 25 μg/kg dose group.
Transcriptomic analysis of avian digits reveals conserved and derived digit identities in birds

Birds are now almost universally seen as the modern-day descendants of the dinosaurs, but there has always been a problem. The three digits of dinosaur limbs are usually thought to correspond with digits 1, 2 and 3 of the ancestral tetrapod pattern, whereas those of bird limbs seem to correspond with digits 2, 3 and 4. One solution has been to propose that a 'homeotic frame shift' changed the identities of the digits in evolution. Evidence for this now comes from work by Gunter Wagner and colleagues, using transcriptomics to show that hind digit 1 in chicks has the same transcriptome as wing digit 2. In other words, wing digit 1 underwent a homeotic shift in evolution. The identities of all the other digits, however, remain much less clear. Morphological characters are the result of developmental gene expression. The identity of a character is ultimately grounded in the gene regulatory network directing development and thus whole-genome gene expression data can provide evidence about character identity. This approach has been successfully used to assess cell-type identity1,2,3. Here we use transcriptomic data to address a long-standing uncertainty in evolutionary biology, the identity of avian wing digits4,5. Embryological evidence clearly identifies the three wing digits as developing from digit positions 2, 3 and 4 (ref. 6), whereas palaeontological data suggest that they are digits I, II and III7. We compare the transcriptomes of the wing and foot digits and find a strong signal that unites the first wing digit with the first foot digit, even though the first wing digit develops from embryological position 2. Interestingly, our transcriptomic data of the posterior digits show a higher degree of differentiation among forelimb digits compared with hindlimb digits. These data show that in the stem lineage of birds the first digit underwent a translocation from digit position 1 to position 2, and further indicate that the posterior wing digits have unique identities contrary to any model of avian digit identity proposed so far5,8.
It’s a Miracle: Separating the Miraculous from the Mundane

Summary What aspects and features of events impel people to label them as miraculous? Three studies examined people’s miracle conceptions and the factors that lead them to designate an event as a miracle. Study 1 identified the basic elements of laypersons’ miracle beliefs by instructing participants to define a miracle, to list five events that they considered miraculous, and to state what they believed to be the purpose of miracles. Results showed that individuals tend to view miracles as highly improbable and beneficial occurrences that instill hope and faith in people. Studies 2 and 3 investigated people’s intuitive miracle theories. Findings demonstrated that people tend to label events as miracles when the events in question were of high magnitude, were obtained in an unusual manner, resulted in a beneficial health outcome, personally affected the participant, involved a person of worthy character, and depicted a low-probability event.
Response to Pharmacological Challenge of Dissociated Pulmonary Vein Rhythm

UNLABELLED: Dissociated pulmonary vein rhythm. INTRODUCTION: Characterization of the electrophysiologic behavior of the pulmonary vein (PV) triggers initiating atrial fibrillation (AF) is still lacking. We conducted the current study to evaluate the behavior of the dissociated PV rhythm (PVD) observed after electrical disconnection from the left atrium of the PV responsible for initiation of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four hundred and seven consecutive patients (102 women; mean age 55+/-11 years) presented for ablation of symptomatic AF to our laboratory. After isolation, sustained dissociated rhythm (>10 minutes) was documented in 2.1% (34 of 1,568 PVs) of the PVs (initiating AF prior to isolation). Adenosine (18 mg IV bolus), verapamil (10 mg IV bolus), phenylephrine (200 mcg bolus followed by infusion at 100 mcg/hour), and isoproterenol (infusion rate of 15 mcg/hour) were administered in these patients. The cycle length of the PV rhythm before and after the administration of drugs was measured. Adenosine prolonged the sinus node (SN) cycle length (from 750+/-105 to 1,900+/-200 ms; P<0.05) and suppressed the PVD. Isoproterenol shortened both the SN (from 750+/-105 to 420+/-150 ms; P<0.05) and the PVD (from 2,225+/-300 to 800+/-190 ms; P<0.05) cycle length. A similar response to adenosine and isoproterenol of the PV firing was observed prior to isolating the arrhythmogenic PV. Phenylephrine prolonged the cycle length of both the SN (from 740+/-115 to 960+/-90 ms; P<0.05) and the PV rhythm (from 2,200+/-300 to 2,355+/-280 ms; P=0.87). Verapamil did not cause a significant change either in the SN or in the PVD cycle length. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the PVD within isolated PV responsible for initiating AF exhibits a response to pharmacologic agents similar to the SN cells.
Erotic Nihilism in Late Imperial Russia: The Case of Mikhail Artsybashev’s Sanin. By Otto Boele

(Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009), xiii + 255 pp. $29.95 paper; $19.95 e-book. This excellent study tells the story of an urban legend. The legend arose in Russia in the years befo...