cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mecanismos del humor y la parodia andaluza en Pasemos al Plan B de Paz Piñar

Este articulo examina los mecanismos del humor y el uso de la parodia satirica en el cortometraje Pasemos al Plan B de la joven directora andaluza Paz Pinar. El corto de trece minutos de duracion gira alrededor de los esfuerzos de una pequena comunidad andaluza para lograr que una inmigrante indocumentada de origen sub-sahariano obtenga el tratamiento medico necesario sin que sea enviada de regreso a su pais de origen como resultado. Caballo-Marquez argumenta que al afianzarse en el humor, la parodia y la farsa, Pasemos al Plan B se aleja del tratamiento melodramatico de la inmigracion africana evidente en varios largometrajes sobre el tema. La autora senala, ademas, que al subrayar el problema de la indocumentada sin hacer de ella el foco de la imagen en el corto la directora evita tratar a esta ultima como se la trata comunmente en documentales o en el cine de ficcion: como victima o como objeto de deseo.
ConfChem Conference on Mathematics in Undergraduate Chemistry Instruction: Impact of Quick Review of Math Concepts

This communication summarizes one of the invited papers to the ConfChem online conference on Mathematics in Undergraduate Chemistry Instruction, held from October 23 to November 27, 2017, and hosted by the ACS DivCHED Committee on Computers in Chemical Education (CCCE). Math proficiency is a vital skill for mastering concepts in general chemistry courses. In this paper, the author discusses simple yet powerful pedagogical intervention implemented in general chemistry courses to assist students with math content. A quick review of math concepts essential for solving chemistry problems was explored. Math reviews included discussions on topics such as rearranging equations and exponents. One major challenge in general chemistry courses is the improper use of calculators. Proper use of parentheses and various function keys on the calculator was presented. Problem solving is an important skill acquired during these courses. Students learned how to read a problem, identify the given content, and then solve the ...
If You Link It They Will Come, If They Like It They Will Stay: The Utah Population Database as a Model for Creating a Confidential Linked Population Health Research Registry

IntroductionThere is increasing demand for so-called big data for a range of uses. One of the challenges is the method by which these data are obtained, the identiers used for record linking, how they are linked, and the secure manner by which researchers may use these data ethically. Objectives and ApproachThe Utah Population Database (UPDB) has a long history of linking records derived from genealogies, death/birth certificates, medical diagnoses, and census records. This infrastructure offers a unique resource for genetic, public health, geographic and demographic investigations. The UPDB now holds information on 11 million individuals linked into multigenerational pedigrees. New data opportunities have arisen that provide value added to UPDB but that raise important infrastructure and privacy issues. This presentation will provide details and strategies for dealing with new challenges of adding new and complex sources of data. ResultsThe record linking and data security measures developed for the construction of the UPDB, we suggest, is a model for other states and provinces. The ability for UPDB to obtain, store, link and dispense a diverse set of data at the individual and genealogical level for the research community for over forty years suggests that it has elements that are potentially replicable for other locations. The development of a unique and independent regulatory body, the Resource for Genetic and Epidemiologic Research (RGE), which oversees access to UPDB data, speaks to this as a model for protecting the confidentiality of the data while enhancing secure to researchers. We show the technical, statistical, legal and regulatory methods that have provided data for nearly 300 distinct health-related studies. Conclusion/ImplicationsThis study demonstrates how the careful and consistent application of secure data management and regulatory oversight allows for the development of the UPDB and its ability to link diverse data sources for the research community. The legal and administrative strategies used serve as a model for other states and provinces.
A new species of Kentriodon (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Kentriodontidae) from the Miocene of Japan

Kentriodontids are small- to medium-sized odontocetes with a wide geographic range that flourished during the Miocene. They are closely related to crown Delphinida. Seven fossil kentriodontid speci...
Functions of cyclins and CDKs in mammalian gametogenesis

Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulators of the cell cycle. Most of our understanding of their functions has been obtained from studies in single-cell organisms and mitotically proliferating cultured cells. In mammals, there are more than 20 cyclins and 20 CDKs. Although genetic ablation studies in mice have shown that most of these factors are dispensable for viability and fertility, uncovering their functional redundancy, CCNA2, CCNB1, and CDK1 are essential for embryonic development. Cyclin/CDK complexes are known to regulate both mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. While some mechanisms are common to both types of cell divisions, meiosis has unique characteristics and requirements. During meiosis, DNA replication is followed by two successive rounds of cell division. In addition, mammalian germ cells experience a prolonged prophase I in males or a long period of arrest in prophase I in females. Therefore, cyclins and CDKs may have functions in meiosis distinct from their mitotic functions and indeed, meiosis-specific cyclins, CCNA1 and CCNB3, have been identified. Here, we describe recent advances in the field of cyclins and CDKs with a focus on meiosis and early embryogenesis.
Randomized Clinical Trial of an ICU Recovery Pilot Program for Survivors of Critical Illness.

OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of an interdisciplinary ICU recovery program on process measures and clinical outcomes. DESIGN A prospective, single-center, randomized pilot trial. SETTING Academic, tertiary-care medical center. PATIENTS Adult patients admitted to the medical ICU for at least 48 hours with a predicted risk of 30-day same-hospital readmission of at least 15%. INTERVENTIONS Patients randomized to the ICU recovery program group were offered a structured 10-intervention program, including an inpatient visit by a nurse practitioner, an informational pamphlet, a 24 hours a day, 7 days a week phone number for the recovery team, and an outpatient ICU recovery clinic visit with a critical care physician, nurse practitioner, pharmacist, psychologist, and case manager. For patients randomized to the usual care group, all aspects of care were determined by treating clinicians. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Among the primary analysis of enrolled patients who survived to hospital discharge, patients randomized to the ICU recovery program (n = 111) and usual care (n = 121) were similar at baseline. Patients in the ICU recovery program group received a median of two interventions compared with one intervention in the usual care group (p < 0.001). A total of 16 patients (14.4%) in the ICU recovery program group and 26 patients (21.5%) in the usual care group were readmitted to the study hospital within 30 days of discharge (p = 0.16). For these patients, the median time to readmission was 21.5 days (interquartile range, 11.5-26.2 d) in the ICU recovery program group and 7 days (interquartile range, 4-21.2 d) in the usual care group (p = 0.03). Four patients (3.6%) in the ICU recovery program and 14 patients (11.6%) in the usual care group were readmitted within 7 days of hospital discharge (p = 0.02). The composite outcome of death or readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge occurred in 20 patients (18%) in the ICU recovery program group and 36 patients (29.8%) in usual care group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This randomized pilot trial found that a multidisciplinary ICU recovery program could deliver more interventions for post ICU recovery than usual care. The finding of longer time-to-readmission with an ICU recovery program should be examined in future trials.
(Re)Imagining Education for the Immortal Child: Why Theory in Education for Social Justice?

This article revisits the place of theory in social justice praxis. Using Du Bois’ “Immortal Child,” the author argues efforts for social justice in education are greatly aided by dedicating intell...
Medicinal Thiols: Current Status and New Perspectives

The thiol (-SH) functional group is found in a number of drug compounds and confers a unique combination of useful properties. Thiol-containing drugs can reduce radicals and other toxic electrophiles, restore cellular thiol pools, and form stable complexes with heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and copper. Thus, thiols can treat a variety of conditions by serving as radical scavengers, GSH prodrugs, or metal chelators. Many of the compounds discussed here have been in use for decades, yet continued exploration of their properties has yielded new understanding in recent years, which can be used to optimize their clinical application and provide insights into the development of new treatments. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the biochemistry of currently used thiol drugs within the context of developments reported in the last five years. More specifically, this review focuses on thiol drugs that represent the standard of care for their associated conditions, including N-acetylcysteine, 2,3-meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid, British anti-Lewisite, D-penicillamine, amifostine, and others. Reports of novel dosing regimens, delivery strategies, and clinical applications for these compounds were examined with an eye toward emerging approaches to address a wide range of medical conditions in the future.
A cephalosporin–chemiluminescent conjugate increases beta-lactamase detection sensitivity by four orders of magnitude

The expression of beta-lactamases in bacteria is a central cause of drug resistance. In this report, we present a beta-lactamase chemiluminescent probe, termed CCP, which can for the first time detect beta-lactamase activity via chemiluminescence and can detect beta lactamase with a sensitivity that is 4-orders of magnitude higher than the commercially available fluorescent lactamase substrate fluorocillin.
Cascaded metasurface optics (Conference Presentation)

The recent development of efficient dielectric metasurfaces has enabled practical optical components and systems composed of multiple cascaded metasurfaces. In this talk, I present an overview of our work on modeling, design, and implementation of cascaded metasurface components and systems. In particular, I present accurate system-level models for metasurfaces, techniques for designing efficient metasurfaces, multifunctional cascaded metasurfaces, and bilayer birefringent metasurfaces that provide the ultimate control over the wavefront and polarization of light. Furthermore, I will introduce a novel technique for engineering chromatic dispersion by cascading and briefly discuss a single-snapshot hyperspectral imager enabled by cascading multiple metasurfaces.
Multimodal Physiological-Based Emotion Recognition

In this paper, we propose a multimodal approach to emotion recognition using physiological signals by showing how these signals can be combined and used to accurately identify a wide range of emotions such as happiness, sadness, and pain. The proposed approach combines multiple signal types such as blood pressure, respiration, and pulse rate into one feature vector representation of emotion. Using this feature vector, we train a deep convolutional neural network to recognize emotions from 2 state-of-the-art datasets, namely DEAP and BP4D+. On BP4D+, we achieve an average, subject independent, emotion recognition accuracy of 94% for 10 emotions. We also detail subject-specific experiments, as well as gender specific models of emotion. On DEAP, we achieve 86.09%, 90.61%, 90.48%, and 90.95% for valence, arousal, liking, and dominance respectively, for single-trial classification.
Hybrid planar and optical fiber waveguides integrated with epsilon-near-zero materials

In this talk, I will present our recent development on the “Meta”-optical fiber integrated with optical plasmonic nanocircuits and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials. I will present the integrated plasmonic network (e.g. directional coupler and resonator) powered by the core mode of optical fiber. I will also discuss the first experimental demonstration of optically confined ENZ resonance excitation in an optical fiber waveguide uniformly coated with AZO nanolayer. The integration of plasmonic/ENZ nanocircuits and optical fiber will open the path to revolutionary ultracompact in-fiber optical devices for optical communication, imaging, sensing/laser applications. The authors acknowledge the supports partially by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR, Award number: FA9550-19-1-0274) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (grant number N66001-17-1-4047).
Constant Light and Frequent Schedule Changes Do Not Impact Resistance to Parasites in Monarch Butterflies.

Organisms have evolved internal biological clocks to regulate their activities based on external environmental cues, such as light, temperature, and food. Environmental disruption of these rhythms,...
Research on Music Emotion Intelligent Recognition and Classification Algorithm in Music Performance System

The music performance system works by identifying the emotional elements of music to control the lighting changes. However, if there is a recognition error, a good stage effect will not be able to create. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent music emotion recognition and classification algorithm in the music performance system. The first part of the algorithm is to analyze the emotional features of music, including acoustic features, melody features, and audio features. Then, the three kinds of features are combined together to form a feature vector set. In the latter part of the algorithm, it divides the feature vector set into training samples and test samples. The training samples are trained by using recognition and classification model based on the neural network. And then, the testing samples are input into the trained model, which is aiming to realize the intelligent recognition and classification of music emotion. The result shows that the kappa coefficient k values calculated by the proposed algorithm are greater than 0.75, which indicates that the recognition and classification results are consistent with the actual results, and the accuracy of recognition and classification is high. So, the research purpose is achieved.
The Role of Viral Infections During Neurodevelopment

In recent years substantial evidence has accumulated to support the contention that schizophrenia has its origins in abnormal brain development. Viruses are prominent candidates as the presumed environmental component of this process, acting in concert with susceptibility genes to bring about an aberrant developmental trajectory that is ultimately manifested as psychotic symptoms. This chapter will elucidate the points at which neurodevelopmental and viral mechanisms intersect, and provide a critical overview of this sub-theory of the viral hypothesis, which postulates that at least some cases of schizophrenia are caused by a viral infection during gestation, or in the early postnatal years.
Advancing Model Systems for Fundamental Laboratory Studies of Sea Spray Aerosol Using the Microbial Loop

Sea spray aerosol (SSA) particles represent one of the most abundant surfaces available for heterogeneous reactions to occur upon and thus profoundly alter the composition of the troposphere. In an effort to better understand tropospheric heterogeneous reaction processes, fundamental laboratory studies must be able to accurately reproduce the chemical complexity of SSA. Here we describe a new approach that uses microbial processes to control the composition of seawater and SSA particle composition. By inducing a phytoplankton bloom, we are able to create dynamic ecosystem interactions between marine microorganisms, which serve to alter the organic mixtures present in seawater. Using this controlled approach, changes in seawater composition become reflected in the chemical composition of SSA particles 4 to 10 d after the peak in chlorophyll-a. This approach for producing and varying the chemical complexity of a dominant tropospheric aerosol provides the foundation for further investigations of the physical...
Viability of Bioprinted Cellular Constructs Using a Three Dispenser Cartesian Printer

Tissue engineering has centralized its focus on the construction of replacements for non-functional or damaged tissue. The utilization of three-dimensional bioprinting in tissue engineering has generated new methods for the printing of cells and matrix to fabricate biomimetic tissue constructs. The solid freeform fabrication (SFF) method developed for three-dimensional bioprinting uses an additive manufacturing approach by depositing droplets of cells and hydrogels in a layer-by-layer fashion. Bioprinting fabrication is dependent on the specific placement of biological materials into three-dimensional architectures, and the printed constructs should closely mimic the complex organization of cells and extracellular matrices in native tissue. This paper highlights the use of the Palmetto Printer, a Cartesian bioprinter, as well as the process of producing spatially organized, viable constructs while simultaneously allowing control of environmental factors. This methodology utilizes computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to produce these specific and complex geometries. Finally, this approach allows for the reproducible production of fabricated constructs optimized by controllable printing parameters.
Identification of a Peptide Inhibitor of the RPM-1·FSN-1 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex

The Pam/Highwire/RPM-1 (PHR) proteins include: Caenorhabditis elegans RPM-1 (Regulator of Presynaptic Morphology 1), Drosophila Highwire, and murine Phr1. These important regulators of neuronal development function in synapse formation, axon guidance, and axon termination. In mature neurons the PHR proteins also regulate axon degeneration and regeneration. PHR proteins function, in part, through an ubiquitin ligase complex that includes the F-box protein FSN-1 in C. elegans and Fbxo45 in mammals. At present, the structure-function relationships that govern formation of this complex are poorly understood. We cloned 9 individual domains that compose the entire RPM-1 protein sequence and found a single domain centrally located in RPM-1 that is sufficient for binding to FSN-1. Deletion analysis further refined FSN-1 binding to a conserved 97-amino acid region of RPM-1. Mutagenesis identified several conserved motifs and individual amino acids that mediate this interaction. Transgenic overexpression of this recombinant peptide, which we refer to as the RPM-1·FSN-1 complex inhibitory peptide (RIP), yields similar phenotypes and enhancer effects to loss of function in fsn-1. Defects caused by transgenic RIP were suppressed by loss of function in the dlk-1 MAP3K and were alleviated by point mutations that reduce binding to FSN-1. These findings suggest that RIP specifically inhibits the interaction between RPM-1 and FSN-1 in vivo, thereby blocking formation of a functional ubiquitin ligase complex. Our results are consistent with the FSN-1 binding domain of RPM-1 recruiting FSN-1 and a target protein, such as DLK-1, whereas the RING-H2 domain of RPM-1 ubiquitinates the target.
Las responsabilidades del Estado para regular y judicializar las actividades empresariales en el marco del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

Este reporte mapea el alcance y el contenido de las obligaciones de los Estados parte en la Convencion Americana sobre Derechos Humanos para regular y juzgar actividades empresariales.
Construction and characterization of a phage-plasmid hybrid (phagemid), pCAK1, containing the replicative form of viruslike particle CAK1 isolated from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 6444.

A bacteriophage-plasmid hybrid (phagemid) designated pCAK1 was constructed by ligating 5-kbp Escherichia coli plasmid pAK102 (AprEmr) and the 6.6-kbp HaeIII-linearized replicative form of the CAK1 viruslike particle from Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIB 6444. Phagemid pCAK1 (11.6 kbp) replicated via the ColE1 replication origin derived from pAK102 in E. coli. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules complexed with protein in a manner which protected ssDNA from nucleases were recovered from the supernatant of E. coli DH11S transformants containing pCAK1 in the absence of cell lysis. This suggests that the viral-strand DNA synthesis replication origin of CAK1 and associated gene expression are functional in E. coli DH11S. The single-stranded form of pCAK1 isolated from E. coli supernatant was transformed into E. coli DH5 alpha9 or DH11S by electroporation. Isolation of ampicillin-resistant E. coli transformants following transformation suggests that the complementary-strand DNA synthesis replication origin of CAK1 is also functional in E. coli. The coat proteins associated with ssDNA of pCAK1 demonstrated sensitivity to proteinase K and various solvents (i.e., phenol and chloroform), similar to the results obtained previously with CAK1. Following phagemid construction in E. coli, pCAK1 was transformed into C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and C. perfringens 13 by intact cell electroporation. Restriction enzyme analysis of pCAK1 isolated from erythromycin-resistant transformants of both C. acetobutylicum and C. perfringens suggested that it was identical to that present in E. coli transformants. Images
Contrast transmission predictions versus far-infrared imager measurements for low-altitude horizontal paths

The Mobile Imaging Spectroscopy Laboratory of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory was used to measure horizontal-path contrast transmission with 8- to 12-μm imagers in 1988. The values obtained were only about one-half of what was predicted by LOWTRAN7. In 1990 a large-area target board, 1.8 x 1.8 m, was used and resulted in resolvable temperatures that could be consistently measured over a 1.6-km path, even during times of strong optical turbulence, and were compared to 0.1-km reference temperatures to obtain values of contrast transmission. These new measurements compare very well with LOWTRAN7 calculations except for cases when aerosol attenuations from patches of ground fog and vehicular dust were present but not included in the calculations.
A five-drug remission induction regimen with intensive consolidation for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: cancer and leukemia group B study 8811.

The goal of this phase II multicenter clinical trial was to evaluate a new intensive chemotherapy program for adults with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to examine prospectively the impact of clinical and biologic characteristics on the outcome. One hundred ninety-seven eligible and evaluable patients (16 to 80 years of age; median, 32 years of age) received cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, and L-asparaginase; 167 patients (85%) achieved a complete remission (CR), 13 (7%) had refractory disease, and 17 (9%) died during induction. A higher CR rate was observed in younger patients (94% for those or = 60 years old, P < .001) and in those who had a mediastinal mass (100%) or blasts with a T-cell immunophenotype. Eighty percent of B-lineage and 97% of T-cell ALL patients achieved a CR (P = .01). The coexpression of myeloid antigens did not affect the response rate or duration. Seventy percent of those with cytogenetic or molecular evidence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome and 84% of those without such evidence achieved a CR (P = .11). Patients in remission received multiagent consolidation treatment, central nervous system prophylaxis, late intensification, and maintenance chemotherapy for a total of 24 months. After a median follow-up time of 43 months, the median survival for all 197 patients is 36 months; the median remission duration for the 167 CR patients is 29 months. Favorable pretreatment characteristics relative to remission duration or survival are younger age, the presence of a mediastinal mass or lymphadenopathy, a white blood cell count (WBC) less than 30,000/microL, L1 morphology, T or TMy immunophenotype, and the absence of the Ph chromosome. The estimates of the proportion surviving at 3 years are 69% for patients less than 30 years old, 39% for those 30 to 59 years old, 89% for those who had a mediastinal mass, 59% with WBC less than 30,000/microL, 63% with L1 morphology, 69% for T or TMy antigen expression, and 62% for those who lack the Ph chromosome. Fifteen patients (8%) had no unfavorable prognostic factors and have an estimated probability of survival at 5 years of 100% (95% confidence interval, 77% to 100%). This intensive chemotherapy regimen produces a high remission rate and a high proportion of durable remissions in adults with ALL.
Matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis, and cancer: commentary re: A. C. Lockhart et al., Reduction of wound angiogenesis in patients treated with BMS-275291, a broad spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Clin. Cancer Res., 9: 00-00, 2003.

The MMPs2 are a family of zinc-containing endopeptidases that degrade various components of the ECM. A number of MMPs have been strongly implicated in multiple stages of cancer progression including the acquisition of invasive and metastatic properties. Thus, efforts have been made for the past 20
Worker Self‐Management and Economic Reform in Poland

Since the post‐Stalin thaw of the mid‐1950s, economic reform has been a constant theme in academic discussion and policy implementation in the countries of Eastern Europe. In Poland, major reform programmes accompanied the five‐year plans beginning in 1956, 1966, and 1969. The current economic crisis in that country has elicited yet another set of reform proposals.
Multivariate analysis of chemical and microbial properties in histosols as influenced by land-use types

The histosols of the Everglades agricultural area in South Florida, USA, were drained in early 1900s and converted from wetlands to agricultural use, which subsequently increased soil oxidation and altered soil properties. The objectives of this study were to determine land-use effects on integrated soil chemical properties and how their discriminations regulate microbial community composition and function using multivariate analytical methods. Soil was collected from sugarcane, cypress, and uncultivated sites. Cluster analysis (CA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were applied to determine differences in soil chemistry and microbial community structure and function, while principal components analysis (PCA) was used to reduce variables. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) evaluated dependent relationships between soil chemical and microbial parameters. Soils under different land-uses were perfectly clustered into their own groups, which was distinguished by labile inorganic P and total P. Discriminations on integrated soil microbial characteristics were significant. Microbial biomass C and N, community-level physiological profile components, and potentially mineralizable N contributed most to such differentiations. Canonical correlations between soil chemical and microbial indexes were significant on both canonical variates (R1 = 0.91, p = 0.0006; R2 = 0.65, p = 0.03). Cumulatively, 63% of the variances in microbial indices were explained by chemical canonical variates. Agricultural management, especially historic P fertilization, altered soil nutrient availability and consequently modified the microbial community composition and function. Future land-use changes and management should consider the role of labile P on the functioning of microbial communities and their control of nutrient cycling since this parameter had the most influence on changing soil properties.
Integrated Switching and Feedback Control for Mold Filling in Resin Transfer Molding

Two recent advances in controlling flow progression in RTM are the sequential logic control and the optimal feedback control. Both methods have powerful features as well as limitations. However, they complement each other very well. In this paper we propose an integrated control scheme combining both of them. In this paper the theory of the sequential logic control and the optimal control for flow progression manipulation in RTM is reviewed first. An integrated control approach is then proposed. Simulation results show that the control authority of the system is considerably expanded by the combination of the two, The integrated switching and feedback controller gives excellent performance of mold filling even in the presence of wide variations of the preform properties.
Compositional disorder and interband transitions in Pb1−xCdxS alloys

Abstract Optical absorption and thermoreflectance spectra are reported for the E 1 , E 1 +Δ 1 doublet in Pb 1− x Cd x S metastable epitaxial films (NaCl structure). The bowing parameter for E 1 is ∼1eV or less, while for E 1 +Δ 1 we find 4.1–4.8eV. The latter is much larger than any value reported heretofore, and may be explained by the large fluctuation potential arising from atoms of different valence randomly occupying the metal sublattice. Differences between E 1 and E 1 +Δ 1 imply strong disorder-induced mixing of states which is concentration-dependent.
Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in epithelial dysplasia of oral cavity and oropharynx: a meta-analysis, 1985-2010

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are causally related to a sub-set of oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers. However, a clear estimate of the prevalence of HPV-16/18 in oral cavity and oropharyngeal dysplasia (OOPD) is not available. This literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to provide a prevalence estimate for HPV-16/18 in OOPD. Twenty-two studies that reported prevalence of HPV-16 and/or 18 in 458 OOPD lesions were analyzed. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the prevalence of HPV-16/18 and logistic regression was used for stratified analysis by age, gender, and histological grade. The overall prevalence of HPV-16/18 in OOPD lesions was 24.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.4–36.7%)]. The individual prevalence for HPV-16 alone was 24.4%. The prevalence of HPV-16/18 in oral cavity lesions alone was 25.3% (95% CI, 14.2–45.2%). The odds of detection of HPV-16/18 in dysplastic lesions in males were twice that of females [odds ratio (OR), 2.44]. HPV-16/18 were 3 times more common in dysplastic lesions (OR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.95–5.53%) and invasive cancers (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 2.07–5.69%), when compared to normal biopsies. There was no significant difference in HPV-16/18 rates between dysplastic lesions and cancers or between mild, moderate or severe dysplastic lesions. This meta-analysis provides a quantification of the prevalence of HPV types 16/18 in OOPD lesions. These results also support the assumption that HPV-16/18 infection occurs during the early phase of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis.
Developing and transferring behavioral technologies for children and youth

Abstract Behavioral researchers have developed a variety of technologies for improving the capacities of children and their caregivers. Despite the availability of behavioral technologies for children and youth, their widespread adoption and sustained use has been limited. Characteristics for appropriate (e.g., sustainable, effective) technologies for children and youth are suggested here, and strategies for research and development of these methods are described. This paper outlines the process of transferring behaviorial technologies including the phases of awareness, interest, assessment, trial, implementation, maintenance, and reinvention. Finally, issues implicit in the process of transferring behavioral technologies for children and youth are discussed.
Effect of soybean meal-based diets on the product quality of rainbow trout fillets

This study investigated the long-term effects of soybean meal (SBM)-based diets on rainbow trout quality. Two levels of SBM inclusion diets, 20% and 40%, were employed and compared with a fish meal control diet. Rainbow trout were fed one of the three diets for 6 mo, then harvested and filleted. Proximate composition, color, lipid oxidation and sensory quality of the fillets were evaluated. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and headspace propanal in ground fillets stored at 4 °C were measured over a 9-d period. Tristimulus color was measured on day 2 and day 13 of refrigerated storage. Sensory evaluation included discriminatory (difference) and affective (acceptance) testing. TBARS and propanal in the trout fed the highest (40%) SBM level were significantly lower than in the control and trout fed the 20% SBM diet. Significant differences in color were also recorded during refrigerated storage. Sensory difference testing revealed a significant difference between the trout fed the 40% SBM and the control. No significant differences were observed in the acceptability ratings of trout fillets from the three different dietary treatments.
Account of scattering-independent contributions to the Hall conductivity in ferromagnets

A complete account of all effects which might contribute to a Hall current independent of the scattering mechanism is presented. The interrelationship existing between various terms proposed in the literature is given and two more terms have been added, rendering the net result zero.
A General Psychological Scale of Taste

(1948). A General Psychological Scale of Taste. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 26, No. 2, pp. 517-524.
The Membrane Subunit NuoL(ND5) Is Involved in the Indirect Proton Pumping Mechanism of Escherichia coli Complex I

Complex I pumps protons across the membrane by using downhill redox energy. Here, to investigate the proton pumping mechanism by complex I, we focused on the largest transmembrane subunit NuoL (Escherichia coli ND5 homolog). NuoL/ND5 is believed to have H+ translocation site(s), because of a high sequence similarity to multi-subunit Na+/H+ antiporters. We mutated thirteen highly conserved residues between NuoL/ND5 and MrpA of Na+/H+ antiporters in the chromosomal nuoL gene. The dNADH oxidase activities in mutant membranes were mostly at the control level or modestly reduced, except mutants of Glu-144, Lys-229, and Lys-399. In contrast, the peripheral dNADH-K3Fe(CN)6 reductase activities basically remained unchanged in all the NuoL mutants, suggesting that the peripheral arm of complex I was not affected by point mutations in NuoL. The proton pumping efficiency (the ratio of H+/e−), however, was decreased in most NuoL mutants by 30–50%, while the IC50 values for asimicin (a potent complex I inhibitor) remained unchanged. This suggests that the H+/e− stoichiometry has changed from 4H+/2e− to 3H+ or 2H+/2e− without affecting the direct coupling site. Furthermore, 50 μm of 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA), a specific inhibitor for Na+/H+ antiporters, caused a 38 ± 5% decrease in the initial H+ pump activity in the wild type, while no change was observed in D178N, D303A, and D400A mutants where the H+ pumping efficiency had already been significantly decreased. The electron transfer activities were basically unaffected by EIPA in both control and mutants. Taken together, our data strongly indicate that the NuoL subunit is involved in the indirect coupling mechanism.
Sarcopenia is associated with autologous transplant-related outcomes in patients with lymphoma

Sarcopenia is associated with treatment-related complications and shorter overall survival in patients with cancer. Psoas area indices were calculated for 121 patients with lymphoma who underwent autologous transplant. Controlling for age, body mass index, comorbidities and performance status for the 73 men included, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) for non-relapse mortality was 2.37 (1.01, 5.58), p = 0.048 for every 100 unit decrease in total psoas index and 2.67 (1.04, 6.86), p = 0.041 for every 100 unit decrease in lean psoas index. Men with a lower total psoas index experienced more complications (p = 0.001) and spent more days in hospital (p = 0.03) during the transplant admission. A strong association existed between sarcopenia and number of hospital days in the 100 days following transplant among both men (p < 0.0001) and women (p < 0.0001). Sarcopenia may impact negative outcomes after autologous transplant thereby serving as a potentially modifiable predictor of outcomes and aiding in treatment selection.
Open Label Pilot Study of Atomoxetine in Adults With ADHD and Substance Use Disorder

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this 10-week, open-label trial was to evaluate the potential utility of atomoxetine for improving attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance craving in abstinent adults with ADHD who were being treated at a residential treatment facility. METHODS: Eighteen adults were treated with atomoxetine (25–120 mg/day) for up to 10 weeks. Researchers assessed ADHD symptoms with the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) and substance cravings with the Brief Substance Craving Scale (BSCS). Paired t-tests were used to assess changes in symptoms and craving. RESULTS: Among the 12 participants who completed at least 2 weeks of treatment, mean total AISRS scores improved (43.2 ± SD 7.4 to 25.8 ± SD 14.4, t = 5.0, p < .001). Participants also reported improvement in some measures of cravings. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide preliminarily support for the utility of atomoxetine in abstinent adults with co-occurring ADHD and substance use disorder. (Journal of Dual D...
Primer of Scientific Management by Frank B. Gilbreth: A response to publication of Taylor’s Principles in The American Magazine

Response to the serialized publication of Frederick W. Taylor’s The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) in The American Magazine was in two forms: (a) letters‐to‐the‐editor praising and seeking further information, which became the foundation for Frank B. Gilbreth’s Primer of Scientific Management (1912); and (b) highly critical letters, which did not materialize in print but are preserved in the Taylor Collection of Stevens Institute of Technology. This paper describes Gilbreth’s “primer” and documents the origins of this seminal book in management history. Further, it gives highlights of several letters‐to‐the‐editor not mentioned in the primer which show that Taylor was selective about the questions addressed in order to control his image and promote his cause. The letters demonstrate that Upton Sinclair was only one of many who questioned the value of scientific management immediately following its introduction to the public in The American Magazine. These letters reflect the transitional time for labor that existed in the early 1900s which provided the environment in which scientific management was conceived.
Polydispersity effects in polymer self‐diffusion measured by small‐angle neutron scattering

The small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) method for measuring the self-diffusion coefficient D has been analyzed for effects of polydispersity in degree of polymerization for the case of linear polymers diffusing by reptation. Polydispersities corresponding to Mw/Mn = 1.0−10 were considered. It is shown that in all cases a meaningful effective diffusion coefficient De can be obtained from the short time recovery of the SANS intensity. This quantity De ≤ 1.3 D(Mw), where D(Mw) is the diffusion coefficient of a monodisperse polymer having molecular weight M = Mw. The method relies on SANS intensities extrapolated to zero scattering angle; realistic extrapolation is shown to give rise to quite acceptable errors on the order of 0.05 De.
Evaluation of sperm counts and total sperm counts in 2543 men requesting vasectomy.

Standards proposed in 1951 set 100 million/ejaculate as the sperm count separating male fertility and subfertility. Analyses were performed on semen specimens obtained from 2543 men requesting vasectomy at Planned Parenthood clinics and the results were compared to earlier reports. The total sperm count was calculated as the product of the sperm count and the volume of the ejaculate. Considerably more men than expected were found to have sperm counts under 20 million/ml (19.1%) and total sperm counts less than 100 million/ejaculate (53.7%) these figures representing the levels usually considered subfertile. These and other recent findings raise serious doubts about the current applicability of the 1951 fertility standards. It is recognized that sperm counts may show wide variations on repetitive sampling (a potential source of error in studies of single counts) but the large number of subjects and the fact that fluctuations may occur upward or downward tend to reduce the significance of such error in the current study. It is possible that some unknown factor (e.g. pollution increased drug use X-ray exposure population stresses) has depressed semen analysis in fertile males but the search for etiologic agents would be complex. Additional research is needed to confirm the reduction in sperm counts and the shift in their frequency distribution.
1372 PRODUCTION OP BILIRUBIN PHOTOISOMERS (PIB) DURING PHOTOTHERAPY (PT)

The Bilirubin Hematofluorometer measures albumin-bound bili-rubin (AB) and total blood bilirubin (TB). A risk factor for developing kernicterus is the level of non-AB. The fraction of TB not bound by albumin is defined as TB-AB/TB=ΔB. In two studies we found that ΔB increased during PT. In 23 jaundiced preterm infants, mean ΔB (ΔB) increased during 4 to 24 hours of phototherapy (Pre-PT, ΔB ± S.D. = 0.15 ± 0.10 and Post-PT, ΔB ± S.D. = 0.24 ± 0.11 = P<0.005, by paired t-test). In a study of 17 jaundiced pre-term infants, ΔB was determined serially during 24 hours of continuous PT; (ΔB) increased by 0.1 ± 0.1 over Pre-PT values at 4 hours (P<0.005) but declined to baseline by 12 to 18 hours. The Photochemical behavior of bilirubin may explain the apparent rise in ΔB during PT. Radiation at 465 nm converts bilirubin to three water soluble PIB. This isomerization is associated with: an increase in absorbance at 470 to 530 nm (max 495 nm); a 22% decline in fluorescence intensity of PIB mixtures at 520 nm (excitation at 465 nm); and an altered circular dich-roic spectrum. We suggest that the increase in ΔB during PT is due to the formation of albumin-bound PIB which fluoresce less intensely than AB and not to an increase in unbound bilirubin. The decline in ΔB during prolonged PT is unexplained. Conclusion: By converting bilirubin to photoisomers, phototherapy may reduce the body burden of neurotoxic bilirubin.
The Early Diffusion of Steam Power

If the Town of Birmingham or Sheffield etc. have reason to apprehend that Manufactories are set up from time to time in any foreign Countries, thro' the means or by the assistance of English workmen from hence, who not finding the advantages such as they expected etc. may be desirous of returning—and if any set of Traders chuse to enter into an agreement to encourage the return of such men by promising them Employment the same as before and to contribute to the expence of their Journey home in such Terms as they shall Judge best, the King's Minister at the respective Courts shall have orders to make it a particular object to enquire about such Manufactories and Men, to make them acquainted of such an Agreement, and to give them every Assistance and Encouragement possible for their Return…. Lord Dartmouth to Matthew Boulton, n.d., Assay Office Library, Birmingham
Point Image Focus Sensing Using An Automated Foucault Test

An electromechanical focus sensing technique for isolated point or small spot images is described. The technique is a mechanization of the Foucault knife-edge test, and it works with either laser or white light. The focus sensor provides an output voltage vs. focus discriminant which is linear in the vicinity of the best focus and monotonic over a wide range, making it suitable as a sensor for servo focus control applications. The focus sensor uses a chopping wheel at the optical focus and a field lens and bicell photodetector behind the focus. The relative phase of the zero-crossings of the AC-coupled bicell signals is detected electronically to obtain the voltage vs. focus discriminant. Two electronic detection algorithms are described and discriminants obtained with than in a typical implementation of the technique are presented. Also described are two techniques that have been used to compensate the detector signals for rapid fluctuations in the source intensity, if the fluctuations are rapid enough to interfere with the phase detection process. This focus sensing technique is sensitive primarily to focus, but some sensitivity to certain other wave-front ahprrations also exists. These sensitivities have been computed for two particular cases, the resolved spot source (with a geometrical analysis) and the unresolved point source (with a diffraction analysis). These results are tabulated for the Zernike aberrations up to m = n = 8.
Effect of diet on imidazole compounds and creatine in Chinook salmon.

HALVER1,2 has recently devised highly purified diets for the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), which have been used to determine the amino-acid and vitamin requirements for this species2,3. Since the muscle of the salmon contains both free histidine and anserine4, it was of interest to determine the content of these imidazole compounds in the muscles of histidine-deficient fish. Samples of these and also of control and methionine-deficient salmon were made available to us through the courtesy of John E. Halver, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Cook, Washington. The weight of the histidine and methionine-deficient fish over a ten-week feeding period was relatively constant at 1.8 gm., whereas the control fish increased in weight from 1.8 to 3.3 gm. The skeletal muscles of four fish in each group were combined and were analysed for histidine, 1-methylhistidine, carnosine and anserine by the ion-exchange method of Davey4,5, and also for creatine and creatinine by the method of Van Pilsum et al. 6. Non-protein nitrogen was determined by micro-kjeldahl. Results are shown in Table 1.
A quasi-Newton differential dynamic programming algorithm for discrete-time optimal control

We develop a quasi-Newton differential dynamic programming algorithm (QDDP) for discrete-time optimal control problems. In the spirit of dynamic programming, the quasi-Newton approximations are performed in a stagewise manner. We establish the global convergence of the method and also show a superlinear convergence rate. Among other advantages of the QDDP method, second derivatives need not be calculated. In theory, the computational effort of each recursion grows proportionally to the number of stages N, whereas with conventional quasi-Newton techniques which do not take advantage of the optimal control problem structure, the growth is as N2. Computational results are also reported.