cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Guide for Selecting Small Unmanned Aerial Systems for Research-Centric Applications

Abstract Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have been utilized in a wide variety of research-centric applications, especially within the last several years. However, the majority of these applications have utilized specialized equipment developed by experts in UAS technology. As the impact of using UASs for research applications become more widely known, the demand for their use will grow. Currently, the field of commercially available systems is growing larger every day, but many end-user researchers do not know how to utilize these systems for their needs. In this paper, an evaluation of many commercially available systems and typical payload systems is presented to help end-user researchers understand how to select the system that best suits their needs.
453 SUPPORTING SUCCESSFUL DIABETES SELF-MANAGEMENT IN RURAL IDAHO.

Purpose Adult onset, type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious epidemic. Between 17 and 26 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with diabetes, 90% of them have adult-onset diabetes. In Orofino, Idaho, type 2 diabetes mellitus is quickly reaching epidemic proportions. Balancing medications with healthy eating is one of the key aspects of successfully managing this disease. A community project was designed to study potential barriers to the successful self-management of diabetes as well as to identify possible areas where increased community education could provide additional support to patients with this disease. Methods To identify challenges to diabetes self-management, time was spent speaking with patients and accompanying certified diabetes educator, physician assistant Hal Joseph diabetes clinic. A literature search was conducted using PubMed to research challenges to diabetes self-care. Summary Eating away from home at restaurants was frequently presented as a barrier to successful carbohydrate intake maintenance. Increased access to low carbohydrate options could help make restaurant outings less of a healthy eating pitfall. To address this challenge local restaurants were visited during off hours and approached regarding the availability of low carbohydrate options. All the restaurants offered low carbohydrate options and the majority of local restaurants were receptive towards adjusting the marketing of low carbohydrate options, making them more apparent for their diabetic patrons. A focused community based project, involving patients and local experts, can be an effective method of identifying new approaches to local health problems.
Perspectives on endovascular training in traditional 5+2 vascular surgery fellowship training programs

This study aimed to compare expectations and experiences of fellows to those of faculty in vascular surgery fellowship programs with regard to endovascular training. Anonymous surveys were sent to fellows (n = 235) and program directors (n = 147), with 79 fellows and 65 faculty members responding. Fellows noted higher expectations of their endovascular skills prior to starting fellowship than the faculty group reported expecting. Faculty assessed fellows' pre-training endovascular skills at a significantly lower level than the fellows' self-assessment. Fellows were significantly less satisfied with the structured aspects of endovascular training than the faculty believed them to be. Only 3% of fellows vs. 32% of faculty felt that the presence of an endovascular simulator affected how residents ranked fellowship programs during the match. In conclusion, incoming fellows in vascular surgery fellowship programs have high expectations of themselves, but may overestimate their actual pre-training endovascular ...
Group Analytics in Adam Smith’s Work

The link between occupation and character began with David Hume and was extended by Adam Smith in service to their attack on the doctrine of innate national character. A worker’s awareness of the relative approbative rewards to occupation is central to Smith’s competitive labor market equilibrium. When the division of labor is extended by growth, the variance of character increases. With this insight Smith was able to offer a race-blind theory of civilization, something that escaped even Hume. Nineteenth century anthropological focus on the variance of character can be seen as a racialization of Smith’s work.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the winghead shark, Eusphyra blochii (Elasmobranchii: Sphyrnidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome (16,726 bp) of the winghead shark, Eusphyra blochii is presented. This species is exploited throughout parts of its range, and is currently listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List. A phylogenetic analysis placed E. blochii within the Carcharhiniformes, as a sister taxon to Sphyrna lewini and S. zygaena.
The Productivity of Thought

The standard expository approach to the systematicity and productivity arguments has come to be that one examines them in the context of a debate between Classicism and Connectionism.1 Our approach in Chapters 3 through 6, however, will consider the arguments as a debate between Classicism and Pure Atomism (PA), the view that cognitive representations are syntactically and semantically atomic. Chapter 3 will handle productivity, Chapter 4 the systematicity of inference, Chapter 5 the systematicity of thought, and Chapter 6 the compositionality of representations. While the present approach differs from what has come to be standard in the literature, there is a respectable precedent. Fodor, (1987), introduces the productivity and systematicity arguments as a kind of in-house debate between Classicism and what we have here called Pure Atomism. These views share a commitment to Representationalism and the Computational Theory of the Attitudes (CTA), but differ in the structure they attribute to cognitive representations. This manner of setting up the debate is sustained in Fodor & Pylyshyn, (1988). There Fodor and Pylyshyn identify two Classical hypotheses. The first is that cognitive representations have combinatorial syntax and semantics and the second is that cognitive processes are sensitive to the combinatorial syntax and semantics of cognitive representations.2 By contrast, Connectionism is supposed to embody representations that are essentially syntactic and semantic atoms.
Design of an adaptive Smart Card with in-lab experiments

This work encompasses the study of computer driven technologies for building an efficient and adaptable man-machine interface for the automation of travel-related information and services in IVHS (intelligent vehicle highway systems). Specifically, we plan to develop a "Smart Card" based system to access any travel-related information. The unique feature of the system is that it is based on the personality and preferences of a given user or user-category. The display formats, (e.g. text, audio, hardcopy), interfaces, preference-based queries (e.g. cost, travel time, highway/arterial roads, etc.) will be tailored to the given user/user-category. This will be realized by state-of-the-art ASIC technology called reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Since the system can adapt to an individual's (or group of individuals) taste, we expect that it will have greater acceptance by the user community. In addition, the use of FPGAs and modern CAD based design will result in better performance in terms of response time for a given query and decrease the cost of a system, which makes it very practical. Our system will be a significant improvement over the existing Smart Card technologies which are mostly restricted to purchasing tickets in large quantities. The proposed system will take into account both ticketing and access to information services, and serve as a tool for monitoring the performance of an information server.
Global 3D two-fluid simulations of the tokamak edge region: Turbulence, transport, profile evolution, and spontaneous E × B rotation

We present global two-fluid simulations of L-mode edge tokamak plasma turbulence and profile evolution including both closed field lines and the scrape-off-layer. We consider a shifted-circle magnetic configuration with realistic Alcator C-Mod inner wall limited discharge parameters. The dominant driver of turbulence in the simulations is the resistive ballooning mode. We observe spontaneous E × B rotation in the electron diamagnetic drift direction in the closed flux region in all cases. We explain this based on the steady state ion continuity relation ∇ · n v → i ≈ 0 . We find that the E × B rotation in the closed flux region mostly cancels the ion diamagnetic drift as H-mode-like regimes are approached and exceeds it by a factor of 2 or more at lower temperatures due to parallel ion flows.
Modelling single-vehicle, single-rider motorcycle crash injury severity: an ordinal logistic regression approach

ABSTRACTMotorcycles represent an increasing proportion of traffic fatalities in the United States, accounting for more than 12.7% of the total traffic casualties within 2005–2014. Specifically, in North Carolina, motorcycles comprise less than 1% of vehicles involved in crashes but account for more than 7% of total fatalities, representing a top state in the United States. This study tries to investigate the motorcycle crashes in North Carolina more in depth. In doing so, five years’ (2009–2013) worth of crash data was obtained from the Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Safety Information System database. A partial proportional odds (PPO) logistic regression model was developed to examine the influence of the explanatory variable on the ordered dependent variable, that is, injury severity. Moreover, two other popular ordered-response models, that is, proportional odds and non-proportional odds models, as well as one similar unordered-response model, that is, multinomial logit model, were also deve...
Plasmoid statistics in relativistic magnetic reconnection

Plasmoids, quasi-spherical regions of plasma containing magnetic fields and high-energy particles, are a self-consistent by-product of the reconnection process in the relativistic regime. Recent two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations have shown that plasmoids can undergo a variety of processes (e.g. mergers, bulk acceleration, growth, and advection) within the reconnection layer. We developed a Monte Carlo (MC) code, benchmarked with the recent PIC simulations, to examine the effects of these processes on the steady-state size and momentum distributions of the plasmoid chain. The differential plasmoid size distribution is shown to be a power law, $N(w)\propto w^{-\chi}$, ranging from a few plasma skin depths to $\sim 0.1$ of the reconnection layer's length. We demonstrate numerically and analytically that the power law slope $\chi$ is linearly dependent upon the ratio of the plasmoid acceleration and growth rates and that it slightly decreases (from $\sim 2$ to $\sim 1.3$) with increasing plasma magnetization (from 3 to 50). We perform a detailed comparison of our results with those of recent PIC simulations and briefly discuss the astrophysical implications of our findings through the representative case of flaring events from blazar jets.
Circadian expression and functional characterization of PEA-15 within the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus.

The circadian timing system influences the functional properties of most, if not all, physiological processes. Central to the mammalian timing system is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN functions as a ‘master clock’ that sets the phasing of ancillary circadian oscillator populations found throughout the body. Further, via an entraining input from the retina, the SCN ensures that the clock oscillators are synchronized to the daily light/dark cycle. A critical component of the SCN timing and entrainment systems is the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) pathway. Here, we examined the expression and function of phosphoprotein-enriched in astrocytes (PEA-15), an ERK scaffold protein that serves as a key regulator of MAPK signaling. A combination of immunolabeling and Western blotting approaches revealed high levels of PEA-15 within the SCN. PEA-15 expression was enriched in distinct subpopulations of SCN neurons, including arginine vasopressin (AVP)-positive neurons of the SCN shell region. Further, expression profiling detected a significant circadian oscillation in PEA-15 expression within the SCN. Brief photic stimulation during the early subjective night led to a significant increase in PEA-15 phosphorylation, an event that can trigger ERK/PEA-15 dissociation. Consistent with this, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PEA-15 is directly bound to ERK in the SCN, and that photic stimulation leads to their dissociation. Finally, we show that PEA-15 regulates ERK/MAPK-dependent activation of the core clock gene period1. Together, these data raise the prospect that PEA-15 functions as a key regulator of the SCN timing system.
Development of critical thinking in health professions education: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Abstract Introduction While reports of critical thinking exist in the health professions literature, development of critical thinking across a broad range of health-professions students has not been systematically reviewed. Methods In this meta-analysis, multiple databases and journals were searched through February 2016 to identify longitudinal studies using standardized tests of critical thinking [California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), Health Science Reasoning Test (HSRT), and Defining Issues Test (DIT)] in any language. Two reviewers extracted information and collected information regarding primary author, publishing journal, health profession, critical thinking test, and time1/time2 means and standard deviations. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported using a random-effects model. Results Four hundred sixty-two studies were screened, and 79 studies (representing 6884 students) were included. Studies contained 37 CCTST, 22 DIT, and 20 HSRT. Health professions comprised nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, dentistry, medicine, veterinary medicine, dental hygiene, clinical laboratory sciences, and allied health. Cohen's kappa was strong (0.82) for inter-reviewer agreement. Both the CCTST (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.23–0.52) and DIT (SMD = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.18–0.39) demonstrated significant increases in total scores, but the HSRT (SMD = 0.03, 95%CI = −0.05–0.12) did not show improvement. Discussion/Conclusions In this meta-analysis, students from the majority of health professions consistently showed improvement in development of critical thinking. In this diverse population, only the CCTST and DIT appeared responsive to change.
Trans-South Atlantic air link in World War II

German-Italian military successes and the fame of General Rommel's Afrika Korps in 1941 spelled disaster for the British war effort in Libya-Egypt. American military assistance was requested and freely given; this was several months before the United States entered the war! Pan American World Airways was the chosen instrument for building a series of airfields in Africa capable of receiving the planes ferried across the ocean from Recife, Brazil. Besides its reputation as the world's leading airline, Pan Am already had a major aircraft servicing facility at Recife. Liberia, because of its proximity to South America, became the first major West African bridgehead for this South Atlantic ferry route. A few existing and numerous newly constructed airfields between Liberia and Khartoum served as the emergency landing, refueling, maintenance and housing sites. The Nile was followed downstream from Khartoum; American-supplied warplanes played an important role in the pivotal Egyptian battle of El-Alemain in October, 1942. Once the threat to Egypt had subsided, the Brazil — West Africa air link was expanded to include a route through Central Africa, primarily to tap a supply of uranium from what was then the Belgian Congo (now Zaire). Khartoum served a new air ferry route to British India via Aden and Karachi. Transport aircraft used in the China-Burma-India theatre of operations were supplied over this ever-expanding air link. A spur to Basra (Iraq) and Tehran provided a secret diplomatic connection to the Soviet Union before the epic struggle at Stalingrad began in earnest. General Doolittle's surviving Tokyo raiders returned to the United States over segments of this long air route. Most of the airfields lost their locational significance after the war. A few, however, were to become their countries' international airports.
Party “Reform” in Retrospect

In a paper written almost twenty years ago, I maintained that a political system is an accident, and that to meddle with one that works well is the greatest foolishness of which men are capable.1Nevertheless, I said, a democracy will always meddle, because its logic legitimates only such power as arises from reasonable discussion about the common good in which all participate. A democracy will therefore try to reform away all power from other sources and—since power arising from reasonable discussion is never enough to govern—democracy must eventually reform itself out of existence. My argument referred especially to the American party system, which had produced good results precisely because of its alleged defects, that is, its lack of correspondence to the democratic ideal. Eliminating these “defects,” I concluded, might “set off changes that will ramify throughout the political system, changing its character completely.”
Time-Resolved Neutron Radiography of Reactor Fuel

Under the U.S. DOE fast-reactor safety program, fuel pins placed in a test container are irradiated to destruction at the TREAT reactor in Idaho. A diagnostic device called the fast-neutron hodoscope has been developed to generate time-resolved neutron radiographs of the fuel-destruction. The hodoscope records cineradiographic digital-data images of fuel motion during a transient experiment, which could be as brief as a few-hundred milliseconds or as long as a few minutes. Fission induced in the fuel produces fast neutrons that are collimated and detected by a multichannel array. Time resolution in the order of a millisecond is required during much of the power range of the transient. Vertical fuel-motion resolution of about half a centimeter and horizontal resolution of a millimeter or less can be achieved over an area of 6.6 × 121 cm. A very important and unusual feature of the hodoscope diagnostic system is the capability for data to be quantitatively analyzed in terms of mass of redistributed fuel.
Subthreshold laser jetting via flow-focusing in laser-induced forward transfer

The process of blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer (BA-LIFT) results in focused jets which are thinner and faster than regular jets.
Liberal Intergovernmentalism, Illiberalism and the Potential Superpower of the European Union

Andrew Moravcsik has long argued that the EU is the world's second superpower, albeit a quiet and overlooked one. This article explores how the EU behaves as a global power, and how the illiberal turn may diminish it. We present Moravcsik's four core claims about the EU as the second superpower using the lens of Liberal Intergovernmentalism. We argue that the EU is more a potential than an actual superpower because its considerable hard and soft resources are not always converted into global influence. We focus on two challenges to this power conversion, which we illustrate in the areas of trade and enlargement: first, the uneven transfer of competences to the EU level and, second, the presence of illiberal regimes in the EU, which makes it more difficult to agree on common policies and tools anchored in democratic values.
Her Father’s Daughter: Gender, Power, and Religion in the Early Spanish Kingdoms. By Lucy K. Pick. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2017. Pp. 290. $65.00.)

The best history monographs deliver much more than is expected from their main subject matter. Lucy Pick's new study is such a book. The opening pages promise a history of royal women in the early ...
Sensitivity analysis and application of advanced nuclear accounting methodologies on the high reliability safeguards model: Use of discrete event simulation for material throughput in fuel fabrication

Abstract The overall research objective has been to develop a high reliability safeguards model for a full, commercial-scale pyroprocessing facility based on the fundamental principle of safeguards-by-design. To this end, a quantitative safeguards model with the metric of false alarm probability has successfully been developed for the fuel fabrication process to the point of being useful and flexible in practical nuclear material accounting (NMA), particularly with weight measurements. Fuel fabrication was selected for study because a large amount of special nuclear material is included in this process. The current model allows for adding key measurement points (KMPs) or sub-processes, and it updates an inventory difference (ID) calculation at each KMP. A facility design (the baseline design), which contains a KMP between the melting and trimming processes, reduced the product throughput compared to the equipment design without the KMP, given the same false alarm probability of 0.05 (It is based on the IAEA recommended target value). Therefore, the operator will prefer the equipment design to process more material while the baseline design can tell the exact location at which a diversion was attempted. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis has been developed for various facility parameters, such as false alarm probability, melter failure rate, alarm threshold at each KMP, etc., to observe the results in the productivity of operation. With a false alarm probability of 0.1, about ∼8% less material had been processed compared to that of 0.05. In addition, if the melter failed more often than once per month, less material was processed, and vice versa. Changes related to the heel amount accumulated in the melter did not affect the number of campaigns because the model correspondingly calculates the alarm thresholds to achieve the same desired false alarm probabilities. If a different false alarm probability was given for each sub-process unit; i.e., an alarm threshold was set differently at each KMP, safeguards on sub-processes could effectively be applied. For instance, a sub-process, which includes more amount of special nuclear material than other processes, can use a high false alarm probability to detect the diversion attempts following the higher detection probability. In addition, the functionality of random sampling for physical or interim inventory verification was tested. This concluded that a smaller container of Pu compared to 20 kg would be necessary for reducing the time for physical or interim inventory verification, given the relatively high detection probability.
Supergalactic Structure of Multiplets with the Telescope Array Surface Detector

Evidence of supergalactic structure of multiplets has been found for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) with energies above 10 19 eV using 7 years of data from the Telescope Array (TA) surface detector. The tested hypothesis is that UHECR sources, and intervening magnetic fields, may be correlated with the supergalactic plane, as it is a fit to the average matter density within the GZK horizon. This structure is measured by the average behavior of the strength of intermediate-scale correlations between event energy and position (multiplets). These multiplets are measured in wedge-like shapes on the spherical surface of the fieldof-view to account for uniform and random magnetic fields. The evident structure found is consistent with toy-model simulations of a supergalactic magnetic sheet and the previously published Hot/Coldspot results of TA. The post-trial probability of this feature appearing by chance, on an isotropic sky, is found by Monte Carlo simulation to be ~4.5σ.
CHALLENGES IN PRE-REGISTRATION AND APPLYING OPEN SCIENCE PRINCIPLES WHEN USING SECONDARY OR LONGITUDINAL DATA

The application of open science, preregistration, and transparency principle is challenging when using existing data, including ongoing long-term longitudinal data. The goal is to distinguish clearly between exploratory and confirmatory research, but in the context of archival or longitudinal work there are risks associated with prior knowledge that has been obtained from these secondary sources. That said, new principles are being developed, including specialized pre-registration templates, that can guide the application of open science and transparency ideas to longitudinal and other secondary data, thereby increasing credibility of such work. These include: 1) disclosure of prior knowledge about a given dataset, ranging from “never worked with these data” to having multiple publications, in the pre-registration, 2) use of hold-out subsamples that can be used for validation or confirmatory purposes, and 3) making more clear what research questions are exploratory and confirmatory.
An Edge-Assisted and Smart System for Real-Time Pain Monitoring

In the healthcare sector, there is a strong demand for accurate objective pain assessment as a key for effective pain management. Real-time and accurate objective pain assessment help hospital staffs and caregivers decide the proper dosage of pain medication to be provided to a patient in a timely manner. The state-of-the-art automatic and objective pain assessment techniques in the literature can be classified into two main categories: physiological-based and behavioral-based. The first-class monitors the changes in patients' physiological data such as Electrocardiography (ECG), Electromyography (EMG), Photoplethysmography (PPG) to identify autonomic nervous system reactions to pain, while the second class utilizes behavioral reactions to pain such as techniques using computer vision-based techniques by extracting features from patients' head poses and facial expressions. Recent pain monitoring systems have become multi-modal meaning that they deploy a combination of both approaches to improve pain monitoring accuracy. Although such complex models are highly accurate in pain monitoring, they are more computationally intensive imposing feasibility limitations to implement them on wearable devices in terms of energy efficiency (battery life) as well as computation latency. A smart and self-aware system capable of adaptively making a decision at run-time in response to the changes in pain level and context can minimize energy consumption by dynamically offloading tasks to the gateway devices at the edge layer. For this reason, in this paper, a self-aware system is proposed for the continuous assessment of pain intensity at the edge layer. Using the BioVid heat pain dataset, our approach demonstrates a promising reduction in terms of energy consumption with a negligible accuracy loss compared with its non-adaptive counterpart.
Synthesis of β-Glucosides with 3-O-Picoloyl-Protected Glycosyl Donors in the Presence of Excess Triflic Acid: Defining the Scope

Excellent β-stereoselectivity for the glycosylation with glucosyl donors equipped with the 3-O-picoloyl (Pico) group, without the use of participating group, was achieved in the presence of NIS/excess TfOH promoter system. A complete investigation of the scope of this reaction was performed, revealing all important attributes of successful glycosylation. While altering the halogen source was tolerated, substitution of the triflate anion resulted in complete loss of stereoselectivity. Protonation of the Pico group was determined to be crucial in this reaction. The stability or extent of the protonated pyridine ring was also found to be another important key factor in obtaining high stereoselectivity. The nucleophilicity of the acceptor was found to be proportional to the stereoselectivity obtained, suggesting an SN 2-like mechanism.
Climate, pollution and California’s crops

Historical and projected impacts of tropospheric ozone and climate change on California’s most valuable perennial crops indicate that opportunities exist to improve crop yields through pollution mitigation.
What remains? The influence of light rail transit on discretionary income

Abstract A growing number of studies examine the affordability benefits of living near transit, especially fixed-rail, with the assumption that transportation benefits of transit neighborhoods outweigh increasing housing costs. Yet these studies only compare housing and transportation costs. This study adds to the existing literature by investigating the influence of new light rail on changes in discretionary income in urbanized areas. We examine such changes from 2000 to 2010 at the block group level, comparing light rail neighborhoods (LRNs) and Non-LRNs, across 20 U.S. urban areas that opened light rail stations between this time period. Using descriptive statistical measures and OLS regressions, we find that while discretionary income decreased overall, neighborhoods with light rail provide a positive influence on discretionary income. Overall, our findings suggest light rail neighborhoods provide greater affordability benefits than non-light rail neighborhoods.
Endoscopic skull base and transoral surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: Minimizing droplet spread with negative-pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape.

Author(s): David, Abel P; Jiam, Nicole T; Reither, Joshua M; Gurrola, Jose G; Aghi, Manish K; El-Sayed, Ivan H | Abstract: BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has raised concern of transmission of infectious organisms through aerosols formation in endonasal and transoral surgery.MethodsRetrospective review. We introduce the negative-pressure otolaryngology viral isolation drape (NOVID) system to reduce the risk of aerosol. NOVID consists of a plastic drape suspended above the patient's head and surgical field with a smoke evacuator suction placed inside the chamber.ResultsFour patients underwent endonasal (4) and endo-oral surgery (1). Fluorescein was applied to the surgical field. Black light examination of fluorescein-treated operative fields revealed minimal contamination distant to the surgical field. In two prolonged cases with high-speed drilling, droplets were identified under the barrier and on the tip of the smoke evacuator. Instruments and cottonoids appeared to be a greater contributor to field contamination.ConclusionsNegative-pressure aspiration of air under a chamber barrier, which appears to successfully keep aerosol and droplet contamination to a minimum.
Philanthropic Funding for Community and Economic Development: Exploring Potential for Influencing Policy and Governance:

Philanthropic foundations are prominent participants in collaborations to revitalize some distressed cities. Their participation and vast resources raise questions about their potential to influenc...
Improving Bus Transit Services for Disabled Individuals: Demand Clustering, Bus Assignment, and Route Optimization

Bus transit provides shorter-distance public transportation services, which are subject to various disability discrimination acts with various dedicated features. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that disabled individuals shall have equal rights to receive fare bus transit services, including fixed-route and door-to-door bus services. Most previous studies were mainly focused on policy aspects as part of the efforts of disability rights. The proper planning of demand requests from disabled individuals has been a critical issue but has gained insufficient attention. The existing methodologies in planning route for special transit buses for disabled individuals normally do not consider passengers' waiting time, lack sufficient flexibility, and have strict restrictions on the total number of served destinations. This paper proposes a four-module based methodology for the planning of bus transit, including demand information collection, demand clustering, transit bus assignment, and a linear programming-based route planning with different objective functions. Houston MetroLift bus transit service was employed as an example to illustrate the proposed method. Three scenarios during the route planning module were designed in this case study: (1) planning for pre-timed shortest distance, (2) planning for the pre-timed shortest waiting time of passengers, and (3) flexible planning. Results showed that scenario 1 obtained the shortest total travel time and the highest benefit for bus providers, scenario 2 is with the shortest average waiting time, while scenario 3 is real-time based with longer total travel time and longer waiting time. Scenarios 2 and 3 consider the special needs of disabled passengers.
A Cellular Travelogue Major Highways, Secret Hideouts, Spa Cuisine

Any account of progress in the area of antigen processing and presentation is necessarily a story of the past few years. In 1987, when Bjorkman, Wiley and their colleagues solved the mystery of class I MHC structure (Bjorkman et al. 1987) they simultaneously provided a rationale for the study of a large set of problems. How are native antigens processed to the peptides that are found in the antigen-binding groove of the MHC molecule? What are the differences between processing for class ll-restricted vs class l-restricted responses? Where are the sites of molecular unfolding and proteolysis? Are the sites different for these steps in processing? What is the length, the numbers and the diversity of peptides found on display? The answers to some of these questions will be found throughout this review in the succession of Tables, which represent recent advances in specified areas.
Clinical Impact of Autologous Cell Therapy on Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome After Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Anastomosis

Preservation of right ventricle function (RV) is a key to favorable outcome in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS), but methods to preserve or improve RV function are limited. Our goal was to assess the clinical and functional impact of autologous umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (UCB-MNC) therapy when given to patients with HLHS at Stage II surgery. UCB-MNC patients were enrolled prospectively in a phase I, FDA monitored trial as previously described (Burkhart et al., 2019). Matched retrospective controls were identified by review of clinical databases. Growth and RV echocardiographic variables were assessed in both groups prestage II through the first 6 months postoperatively. Statistical comparisons between the groups at similar postoperative time points were made to define potential impact of the cell therapy. There were 7 UCB-MNC patients and 17 controls. Prestage II, most parameters showed no differences between groups, although median fractional area change (FAC) was slightly greater in the controls (FAC: controls = 45% vs UCB-MNC = 41% P= 0.02). At dismissal, FAC and estimated Ejection Fraction (EF) decreased in controls, while both were unchanged from baseline in UCB-MNC patients (ΔFAC: −5% vs -1%, P
Novel voice prosthesis after total laryngectomy with laryngoplasty reconstruction.

Background Although many patients achieve serviceable speech after total laryngectomy (TL), others are limited by un-naturally low pitch. We describe a cadaveric study to provide proof of concept for a novel voice prosthesis after TL with free tissue laryngoplasty. Methods Devices were implanted into fresh frozen cadavers after TL and free tissue laryngoplasty. Phonation pressures were measured using a custom Blom-Singer Manometer (InHealth Technologies, Carpinteria, CA) and acoustic files were analyzed using Praat, a speech analysis software. Results Two fresh frozen cadavers were implanted with the voice prosthesis. Both prostheses demonstrated appropriate stenting of the laryngoplasty. Successful sound production was achieved after airflow generation at the proximal trachea. An average phonation pressure of 3.5 cmH2 O (SD 1.7 cmH2 O) was necessary to generate a sound intensity of 80.6 dB (SD 0.2 dB) at an average fundamental frequency of 299.5 Hz (SD 112.6 Hz). Conclusions The novel voice prosthesis described herein offers a feasible voice generation mechanism.
Correlates and antecedents of theory of mind development during middle childhood and adolescence: An integrated model

Abstract Theory of Mind (ToM) is one of the core abilities that allows children to connect socially with others and to consider others’ perspectives. Historically, most research on ToM development has focused on early childhood, but recent years have seen an increased focus on how children build this critical social understanding beyond the preschool timeframe. Given this burgeoning literature, we have identified and organized findings across a variety of domains of development to provide a cohesive theoretical framework depicting the correlates and antecedents of ToM development throughout middle childhood and adolescence. Thus, the present paper provides a synthesis and narrative review of the research to yield insights into important ways in which often-disparate lines of study (e.g., brain specialization, relational aggression, reading comprehension) relate to ToM and bidirectionally influence one another in the developing child. Specifically, we focused our analysis of the literature on identifying neural networks underlying ToM, the roles of executive function and emotional self-regulation on ToM, the socioemotional correlates of ToM, and relations between ToM and academic performance. We also provide a brief discussion of studies recognizing sociocultural, linguistic, and contextual influences on ToM. Our review provides evidence for both common and distinct processes and corollaries with age across these disparate literatures, with significant research indicating the important role of mediating and moderating processes when considering how advanced ToM impacts development. We end by proposing a theoretical, integrative framework and discussing the future directions for the field, including testable predictions generated by the framework that span often-disparate domains of inquiry.
A Systematic Review of Technology-Based Prevention and Treatment Interventions for Perinatal Depression and Anxiety in Latina and African American Women.

Latina and African American women have elevated risk for perinatal depression and anxiety but have low rates of treatment engagement. Amid significant improvements in narrowing the digital divide, the number of technology-based mental health interventions has increased. A technology-based mode of delivery is important to consider because it can increase patient engagement and should inform program development. This review aimed to assess the mode of technology used for preventing and/or treating perinatal depression and anxiety in Latina and African American women, examine symptom management, and describe participant satisfaction. We used PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, EBSCO, and Social Services Abstracts to identify studies that used technology (e.g., smartphones) to prevent and/or treat depression and/or anxiety in Latina and/or African American perinatal women. To be eligible for inclusion, studies must have had at least 50% Latina and/or African American samples. The review was conducted between November 2018 and October 2019, with no set publication start date. Of 152 studies reviewed, six met the inclusion criteria. Four studies included African American women; two studies had samples that were mostly composed of Latina women. Three studies used telephone/smartphone (e.g., text messaging) and three implemented internet-based interventions. All studies addressed depression; one focused on anxiety. The findings demonstrated participant satisfaction and promise for symptom management. Despite the limited number of studies that used technology to engage Latina and African American perinatal women, the results suggest that these women were willing to participate in digital interventions to address perinatal depression and anxiety.
Data Cleaning and Pre-processing

Basic SQL queries and their parts (including filters, joins, groupings, and aggregations) are explained. SQL use in Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) and Data Cleaning is introduced. Dealing with attribute transformation, missing data, outliers, and duplicates is discussed, as well as data restructuring. All techniques are illustrated with simple examples.
Singular integrals with rough kernels along real-analytic submanifolds in R n

L p mapping properties will be established in this paper for singular Radon transforms with rough kernels defined by translated of a real-analytic submanifold in R n .
Knit Four, Frog One

we stole away from band practice, skipped school for the art gallery to buy laffy taffy, Tab, and rolos. Kids too tame to walk bad: my familiar South.
Models for Strongly Correlated Lattice Physics

In this chapter we outline the general procedure of deriving an effective low-energy many-body lattice model appropriate for strong correlations from few-body physics.
Paleothermometry by control methods

The recovery of past climatic conditions from ice-sheet borehole temperatures can best be accomplished using the calculus of variations (control methods) to minimize mismatch between the observed profile and a solution of the heat equation which depends on the unknown climate history. Here, we use control methods and a simple one-dimensional heat equation and the temperature depth profile observed at Dye-3 to infer the surface temperature of south Greenland over the last 30 000 years. This history illustrates the virtues that recommend control methods for future use in borehole-temperature analysis, namely: (i) it meets objective performance criteria, and (ii) its uncertainty can be established quantitatively. Our inferred climate history displays what may be the Younger Dryas cold event at about 9000 years BP. Borehole paleothermometry by control methods may thus resolve the controversy concerning the interpretation of Greenland ice-core isotope records.
WTCP: an efficient mechanism for improving TCP performance over wireless links

The transmission control protocol (TCP) used in the Internet has been mainly designed assuming a relatively reliable wireline network. The TCP assumes that any loss is due to congestion and consequently invokes congestion control measures. This has been shown to yield poor performance in the presence of wireless links as a large number of segment losses will occur more often because of wireless channel errors or host mobility. We present an efficient transmission control scheme (WTCP) that requires the base station to buffer data packets destined for the mobile host and retransmit lost packets. Through simulations, we show that our scheme yields better throughput than other existing proposals while maintaining the TCP's end-to-end semantics. One salient feature of WTCP is that it effectively hides the time spent by the base station to locally recover so that the TCP's round trip time estimation at the source is not affected. This is critical since otherwise the ability of the source to effectively detect congestion in the wireline network will be hindered.
A Third Model of Legal Compliance: Testing for Expressive Effects in a Hawk/Dove Game

Economic theories of legal compliance emphasize legal sanctions, while psychological and sociological theories stress the perceived legitimacy of law. Without disputing the importance of either mechanism, we test a third way that law affects behavior, an expressive theory that claims law influences behavior by creating a focal point around which individuals coordinate. We argue that mixed motive games involving coordination model many common disputes, and that, in such games, any third-party cheap talk, including legal rules, that calls the players' attention to a particular equilibrium tends to produce that equilibrium. We investigated how various forms of third party cheap talk influence the behavior of subjects in a Hawk/Dove or Chicken game. Despite the players' conflicting interests, we found that messages highlighting one equilibrium tend to produce that outcome. This result emerged when the message was selected by an overtly random, mechanical process, and also when it was delivered by a third-party subject; the latter effect was significantly stronger than the former only when the subject speaker was selected by a merit-based process. These results suggest that, in certain circumstances, law generates compliance not only by sanctions and legitimacy, but also by facilitating coordination around a focal outcome.
Does TOD Need the T

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Transit-oriented developments (TODs) often consist of new housing near rail stations. Channeling urban growth into such developments is intended in part to reduce the climate change, pollution, and congestion caused by driving. But new housing might be expected to attract more affluent households that drive more, and rail access might have smaller effects on auto ownership and use than housing tenure and size, parking availability, and the neighborhood and subregional built environments. I surveyed households in northern New Jersey living within two miles of 10 rail stations about their housing age and type, access to off-street parking, work and non-work travel patterns, demographics, and reasons for choosing their neighborhoods. The survey data were geocoded and joined to on-street parking data from a field survey, along with neighborhood and subregional built environment measures. I analyzed how these factors were correlated with automobile ownership and use as...
Micropapillary Variant of Embryonal Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Correlation and Histochemical Study

Micropapillary pattern of growth (MPG) of carcinoma is a unique morphologic pattern. It is uncommon but a predictor of poor outcome. MPG has not been described in any germ cell tumor, most notably embryonal carcinoma, which may have papillary configuration. In this study, we reviewed 25 primary testicular germ cell tumors (pure or mixed) containing embryonal carcinoma and 2 lymph node metastases with embryonal carcinoma. Five of the 25 primary cases demonstrated MPG. With available clinical information, 3/3 (100%) cases with MPG and 5/12 (42%) cases without MPG showed evidence of metastases. The 2 lymph node metastases contained predominantly MPG. At metastasis, the median tumor size in primary tumors with MPG was significantly smaller than in those without MPG. Reticulum staining was negative in the regions of MPG and positive for other coexisting non-micropapillary growth patterns in all the 6 embryonal carcinomas. In conclusion, we described MPG in embryonal carcinoma. Although limited by the number of cases, our clinicopathological correlation results raised the possible association of the presence of MPG to the high-rate metastasis of embryonal carcinoma, similar to that seen in other carcinomas with MPG. It is therefore of importance to document this variant growth pattern if present in embryonal carcinoma. We also demonstrated that reticulum is a useful negative marker for identification of MPG.
Characterizing the constitutive properties and developing a stress model for adhesive bond-line readout

Abstract Visible deformation on the exterior surface of adhesively-bonded automotive body panels in the vicinity of the adhesive application line is referred to as bond-line readout (BLRO). Differential shrinkage of the adhesive and substrate as an assembly cools from bonding temperature to room temperature is the primary factor responsible for BLRO. The gradual relief of bondline readout over time suggests that relaxation of residual stresses within the adhesive layer occurs. This work addresses determination of viscoelastic and thermal expansion characteristics of representative epoxy and polyurethane adhesives for input into numerical models to predict bondline readout. Besides the constitutive properties, usefulness of the bimaterial curvature technique was also investigated for measuring residual stresses in a coating layer, as well as the stress-free temperature. Knowing the constitutive properties and stress-free temperature, the residual stresses and deformations in a steel-epoxy bimaterial specimen were modeled using a simple recursive approach.