cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tetraspanin CD82 regulates bone marrow homing of acute myeloid leukemia by modulating the molecular organization of N-cadherin

Communication between acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the bone marrow microenvironment is known to control disease progression. Therefore, regulation of AML cell trafficking and adhesion to the bone marrow is of significant interest. In this study, we demonstrate that differential expression of the membrane scaffold CD82 modulates the bone marrow homing of AML cells. By combining mutational analysis and super-resolution imaging, we identify membrane protein clustering by CD82 as a regulator of AML cell adhesion and bone marrow homing. Cluster analysis of super-resolution data indicates that N-linked glycosylation and palmitoylation of CD82 are both critical modifications that control the microdomain organization of CD82 as well as the nanoscale clustering of associated adhesion protein, N-cadherin. We demonstrate that the inhibition of CD82 glycosylation increases the molecular packing of N-cadherin and promotes the bone marrow homing of AML cells. In contrast, we find that the inhibition of CD82 palmitoylation disrupts the formation and organization of N-cadherin clusters and significantly diminishes bone marrow trafficking of AML. Taken together, these data establish a mechanism where the membrane organization of CD82, through specific posttranslational modifications, regulates N-cadherin clustering and membrane density, which impacts the in vivo trafficking of AML cells. As such, these observations provide an alternative model for targeting AML where modulation of protein organization within the membrane may be an effective treatment therapy to disrupt the bone marrow homing potential of AML cells.
Moisture insensitive prediction of soil properties from VNIR reflectance spectra based on external parameter orthogonalization

Moisture is the single most important factor that affects soil reflectance spectra, particularly for field applications. Interest in using soil VNIR spectral libraries, which are commonly based on dry ground soils, to predict soils in the intact field-moist condition (in situ VNIR) is growing. External parameter orthogonalization (EPO) has been proposed as a useful method that links dry ground VNIR models to field moist scans. The goal of this study is to test EPO on a wider set of soil properties and four different modeling techniques, namely, Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). We selected and scanned 352 archived soil samples from Nebraska, USA, among which 185 samples were used to develop dry ground models and the remaining 167 samples were rewetted to eight different moisture levels for EPO development and testing. Two methods to determine optimum number of EPO components, model-coupled cross validation (Model-Coupled-CV) and Wilk's Λ were also compared. The results showed that EPO minimized the variability of soil spectra induced by moisture. Results suggest a preference for the Wilk's Λ method over Model-Coupled-CV for determining the number of EPO components g, as it produced smoother transformed spectra and more parsimonious models. Among the eight soil properties tested, EPO caused significant improvements for soil Organic Carbon (OC), Inorganic Carbon (IC), and Total Carbon (TC) prediction, marginal improvement for sand and clay, and no improvement for pH, Mehlich-3 Phosphorus, and Cation Exchange Capacity. The failed EPO for the latter three properties is attributable to the poor initial dry-ground models that EPO was built upon. For OC, IC, and TC, EPO coupled effectively with all four modeling methods, with ANN and SVM outperforming the other two slightly. This adds flexibility to the implementation of EPO in predicting field moist soils. As there are increasing demands of spatially-explicit soil data in many disciplines, EPO would be an important essential part for the future in situ VNIR based proximal soil sensing technology.
iSprawl: Autonomy, and the Effects of Power Transmission

We describe the design features that underlie the operation of iSprawl, a small (0.3 Kg) autonomous, bio-inspired hexapod that runs at 15 bodylengths/ second. These features include a light and flexible power transmission system that permits high speed rotary power to be converted to periodic thrusting and distributed to the tips of the legs, and a tuned set of leg compliances for efficient running. Examination of the trajectory of the center of mass and the ground reaction forces for iSprawl show that it achieves the same stable, bouncing locomotion seen in insects and in previous (slower) bio-inspired robots.
Effect of Surface Steps on Dislocation Structure During Nanoindentation

Nucleation of dislocations during nanoindentation is a prime example of how nanoscopic details play an important role in the evolution of macroscopic mechanical behavior. Experimental studies of nanoindentation show that surface irregularities, such as steps, alter the mechanical response during indentation. Atomistic simulations using the embedded atom method are used to examine the indentation of a Au(111) crystal with a surface step. The amount of force needed to nucleate dislocations decreases significantly for indentation close to the step. A recently formulated atomistic deformation metric, the slip vector, is used to quantify dislocation content. This metric is used with the local atomic stress to determine the critical resolved shear stress necessary for dislocation nucleation. Atomic stress fields are also compared with continuum calculations performed using non-linear elasticity with a constitutive relation based on the same interatomic potential. This constitutive model shows good agreement of indentation forces and stresses with the atomistic simulations.
LES Study on Mechanism of Reduction of Shock Induced Flow Separation by MVG

Shock-boundary layer interaction (SBLI) is frequently met in supersonic engine inlet flow and external flow. A detailed study on the mechanism of reduction of shock induced flow separation by micro-vortex generator (MVG) is carried out by high order implicit large eddy simulation (ILES). To generate the fully developed turbulent inflow, a series (20,000) of turbulent profiles are given by our previous DNS results. The mechanism of reduction of shock induced flow separation by MVG was originally considered as a result of streamwise vortex mixing. It was thought that the mixing would result in a plump turbulent velocity profile which has stronger separation resistance. It was claimed that turbulent flow has so strong mixing that the velocity profile becomes plump, which lead to reduction of shock induced flow separation. However, according to our LES study reported in this paper, the real mechanism of flow separation reduction is that the shock wave breaks down and disappears when the ring-like vortices generated by MVG are passing through the shock. On the other hand, the vortex structures never break down and is influenced very little when they pass the shock wave. Therefore, the shock induced flow separation is reduced by moving ring-like vortices which were generated by MVG through the manner to break down the shock wave, but mainly not by the streamwise vortex mixing which produces a plump velocity profile in the boundary layer. Details of the investigation on the mechanism are reported in this paper.
Behavioral effects of isolation in the rat: the role of sex and time of isolation.

(1968). Behavioral Effects of Isolation in the Rat: The Role of Sex and Time of Isolation. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 263-273.
The application of a poliovirus cDNA probe for the detection of enteroviruses in water

A technique for the detection of enteroviruses in water using gene probes in a dot blot assay is described. Poliovirus cDNA probes were labeled with [32P] dCTP and [32P] dATP to a specific activity greater than 2.0 × 109 cpm/µg DNA. Autoradiograph times were compared to determine the minimum time required to optimize the sensitivity of the test. One infectious unit of poliovirus was detected from cell harvests within 48 hours using gene probes. Potential false positive reactions between bacterial DNA in environmental samples and vector DNA were controlled by both base hydrolysis of viral RNA and enzymatic treatment of the sample. Upon comparison to cell culture, the dot blot assay was as sensitive for the detection of virus in sewage contaminated groundwater.
Variation in 30-Day Readmission Rates Among Medically Complex Patients at Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities and Contributing Factors.

Abstract Objective Few studies have focused on 30-day readmission rates in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) and factors that contribute to this. The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in 30-day readmission rates among medically complex patients at IRFs nationally and explore how patient and facility characteristics are associated with this variation. Design Retrospective review of an administrative database. Setting IRFs throughout the United States. Participants Patients from the medically complex impairment group treated at IRFs nationwide represented in the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSMR) from 2002 to 2011. Measurements Using multilevel logistic regression analysis, 16 patient and facility characteristics were examined to identify and adjust for variables with a significant effect on readmission rates. Unadjusted and adjusted readmission rates were plotted by facility rank. Facilities were grouped by decile, based on readmission rates, and the mean unadjusted and adjusted rates for the lowest and highest deciles were compared to quantify the variation due to adjustment. Patient and facility characteristics for the highest and lowest deciles were compared. Results A total of 117,156 medically complex patients from 682 IRFs nationwide were included. Patients were 46% male and 84% white with an average age of 71.5 years. Nine of 16 characteristics were identified that significantly increased the odds of readmission, including older age, male gender, poorer admission motor function, longer duration of impairment, higher Elixhauser comorbidity index, unemployed or retired status, larger facility size, lower mean facility admission motor function, and eastern or western geographic area. The average unadjusted and adjusted readmission rates for all facilities were 15.63% and 15.86%, respectively. The unadjusted readmission rates for the lowest and highest deciles were 6.71% and 26.48%, respectively. After adjustment, this narrowed to 10.33% and 21.91%, respectively. Patient and facility characteristics accounted for 41% of the variation seen in the readmission rates for these groups. Facilities with the highest readmission rates (highest decile) more commonly cared for patients at highest risk for readmission: unemployed, male patients with higher comorbidity index and poorer motor function on admission. Conclusion This study shows significant variation in readmission rates for medically complex patients across IRFs. However, nearly half (41.4%) of this variation was attributed to 9 patient and facility characteristics, suggesting the need for risk adjustment if readmission rates are to be used as a quality indicator for IRFs.
Panoramic portrait of primary molecular events preceding excited state proton transfer in water

Photochemistry powers numerous processes from luminescence and human vision, to light harvesting. However, the elucidation of multidimensional photochemical reaction coordinates on molecular timescales remains challenging. We developed wavelength-tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy to simultaneously achieve pre-resonance enhancement for transient reactant and product species of the widely used photoacid pyranine undergoing excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) reaction in solution. In the low-frequency region, the 280 cm-1 ring deformation mode following 400 nm photoexcitation exhibits pronounced intensity oscillations on the sub-picosecond timescale due to anharmonic vibrational coupling to the 180 cm-1 hydrogen-bond stretching mode only in ESPT-capable solvents, indicating a primary event of functional relevance. This leads to the contact ion pair formation on the 3 ps timescale before diffusion-controlled separation. The intermolecular 180 cm-1 mode also reveals vibrational cooling time constants, ∼500 fs and 45 ps in both H2O and D2O, which differ from ESPT time constants of ∼3/8 and 90/250 ps in H2O/D2O, respectively. Spectral results using H218O further substantiate the functional role of the intermolecular 180 cm-1 mode in modulating the distance between proton donor and acceptor and forming the transient ion pair. The direct observation of molecular structural evolution across a wide spectral region during photochemical reactions enriches our fundamental understanding of potential energy surface and holds the key to advancing energy and biological sciences with exceptional atomic and temporal precision.
Linear Equations of Arbitrary Order

This chapter discusses the linear equations of arbitrary order. It discusses the nature of the solutions of linear equations and linear systems and also discusses some of the methods of finding the general solution. The linear equation y ( n ) + a 1 y ( n–1 ) + … + a n y = 0 is called the associated homogeneous linear equation with respect to the equation y (n ) + a 1 y ( n– 1) + a n y = b . To a certain extent, the theory of linear differential equations is similar to that of linear equations. The chapter presents the definition of the Wronskian determinant. The actual computation of the general solution of linear equations and linear systems can be carried out with constant coefficients. A linear homogeneous equation of order n can be reduced to an equation of order n–p if p independent solutions are known.
States Taxing Carbon - Proposing Flexibility and Harmonization in the Movement Toward Environmental Reform in the U.S.

In March 2015 two bills were introduced in the Vermont legislature proposing a carbon tax. If passed, Vermont will be the first state in the U.S. to establish such tax; however, Vermont is not the only state in the nation with such ambition. This article analyzes whether the unilateral, divergent approaches to taxing carbon is a pragmatic solution to reducing carbon emissions, or rather poses an economic concern in the U.S. In addressing these issues, this article ultimately proposes the creation of a streamlined carbon tax administration to harmonize and unify state efforts.
Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding pig gastric mucin.

Abstract Polyclonal antibodies raised to deglycosylated pig gastric mucin were used to screen a cDNA library constructed with pig stomach mucosal mRNA. Immunocytochemistry indicated that the antibody recognizes intracellular and secreted mucin in surface mucous cells of pig gastric epithelium. A total of 70 clones producing proteins immunoreactive to this antibody were identified, two of which (PGM-2A,9B) were fully sequenced from both ends. Clone PGM-9B hybridized to a polydisperse mRNA (3-9 kb) from pig stomach, but not liver, intestine or spleen, nor to mRNA from human, mouse, rabbit or rat stomach. Sequence analysis indicated that PGM-9B encodes 33 tandem repeats of a 16-amino-acid consensus sequence rich in serine (46%) and threonine (17%). Using the restriction enzyme MwoI, which has a single target site in the repeat, it was demonstrated that PGM-9B consists entirely of this tandem repeat. Southern-blot analysis indicated that the repeat region is contained in a 20 kb HindIII-EcoRI fragment, and BamHI digestion suggested that most of the repeats are contained in a 10 kb fragment. In situ hybridization with an antisense probe to PGM-9B showed an intense signal in the entire gastric gland. Clone PGM-2A also contains the same repeat sequence as 9B, but, in addition, has a 64-amino-acid-long non-repeat region at its 5' end. Interestingly the non-repeat region of PGM-2A has five cysteine residues, the arrangement of which is identical with that reported for human intestinal mucin gene MUC2.
Abstract 1859: Discerning the molecular basis of DNA-PK pro-tumorigenic functions and translational capacity as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer

Prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) is dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling at all stages of disease, as AR activation induces both cell proliferation and survival. Though organ-confined disease can be treated, the response is transient and reactivation of AR results in incurable state of disease (castration resistant prostate cancer, CRPC). Thus, there is a significant need to discern the mechanisms by which aberrant AR activity arises, and to develop new means to clinically target advanced disease. Recently, AR activation was found to promote tumor cell survival and proliferation through a feed-forward loop involving the repair factor DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK). Emerging new data correlates elevated DNA-PK expression with poor prognosis and identifies DNA-PK as a driver of metastatic signaling. Although the role of DNA-PK activity in DNA repair is well characterized, the underpinning mechanisms and consequences of DNA-PK in transcriptional regulation are understudied. Data to be discussed will build on our new preliminary DNA-PK interactome data to identify sequence-specific transcription factors found in complex with DNA-PK. In order to molecularly dissect DNA-PK transcriptional events, the DNA-PK cistrome and transcriptome will be defined using clinically relevant models, resulting in a detailed understanding of DNA-PK mediated transcriptional regulation. The correlation of high expression of DNA-PK with poor prognosis in advanced PCa, as well as the known roles of DNA-PK in cancer-relevant pathways make DNA-PK a viable therapeutic target for PCa. Despite the current clinical assessment of DNA-PK inhibitors in multiple tumor types, there are no existing trials targeting PCa. Additional studies that assess the efficacy of current DNA-PK inhibitors in PCa will be presented and used to determine the best clinical space for their use. Citation Format: Emanuela Dylgjeri, Jonathan Goodwin, Karen Knudsen. Discerning the molecular basis of DNA-PK pro-tumorigenic functions and translational capacity as a therapeutic target in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1859. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1859
Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement-where are we?

First described by Dr. Cribier and colleagues in 2002, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has established itself as a life-saving procedure for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) (1).
Youth With Psychogenic Non-Syncopal Collapse Have More Somatic and Psychiatric Symptoms and Lower Perceptions of Peer Relationships Than Youth With Syncope

Abstract Background Little is known about somatic and psychiatric symptoms and perceived peer relationships of patients with psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse. Objective This study aimed to compare somatic and psychiatric symptoms and other elements potentially related to functional neurological symptom disorders between youth with psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse and those with neurally mediated syncope. Methods Before testing, patients completed a structured interview and questionnaire addressing current symptoms, previous psychiatric diagnoses, referrals, diagnostic testing, prescribed medications, and patient self-ratings of anxiety, depression, and perceived peer relationships. Results Compared with patients with syncope (n = 60), patients with psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse (n = 60) had higher ratings for lightheadedness and vertigo, more abdominal pain, more chronic headaches, more fatigue, more sleep disturbances, more prescriptions for antidepressant medicines, more encephalograms performed, more referrals to psychiatry, and more psychiatric diagnoses including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, previous nonfainting conversion disorders, and eating disorders (all p Conclusion Patients with psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse have more symptom complaints and perceptions of poorer peer social interactions than patients with syncope. These results broaden our understanding of the biopsychosocial profile that increases an individual's vulnerability to psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse specifically and to functional neurological symptom disorders in general.
A method to assess randomness of functional connectivity matrices.

Abstract Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for the measurement of functional connectivity of the brain. In this context, graph theory has revealed distinctive non-random connectivity patterns. However, the application of graph theory to fMRI often utilizes non-linear transformations (absolute value) to extract edge representations. New method In contrast, this work proposes a mathematical framework for the analysis of randomness directly from functional connectivity assessments. The framework applies random matrix theory to the analysis of functional connectivity matrices (FCMs). The developed randomness measure includes its probability density function and statistical testing method. Results The utilized data comes from a previous study including 603 healthy individuals. Results demonstrate the application of the proposed method, confirming that whole brain FCMs are not random matrices. On the other hand, several FCM submatrices did not significantly test out of randomness. Comparison with existing methods The proposed method does not replace graph theory measures; instead, it assesses a different aspect of functional connectivity. Features not included in graph theory are small numbers of nodes, testing submatrices of an FCM and handling negative as well as positive edge values. Conclusion The random test not only determines randomness, but also serves as an indicator of smaller non-random patterns within a non-random FCM. Outcomes suggest that a lower order model may be sufficient as a broad description of the data, but it also indicates a loss of information. The developed randomness measure assesses a different aspect of randomness from that of graph theory.
Association between sedation-analgesia and neurodevelopment outcomes in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

To evaluate the association between sedation–analgesia (SA) during initial 72 h and death/disability at 18 months of age in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). This was a secondary analysis of the NICHD therapeutic hypothermia (TH) randomized controlled trial in moderate or severe HIE. Receipt of SA and anticonvulsant medications at five time points were considered: prior to and at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h of TH or normothermia. Disability was defined as mental developmental index <85, cerebral palsy, blindness, hearing impairment, or Gross Motor Function Classification System 2–5. Of the 208 RCT participants, 38 (18%) infants had no exposure to SA or anticonvulsants at any of the five time points, 20 (10%) received SA agents only, 81 (39%) received anticonvulsants only, and 69 (33%) received both SA and anticonvulsants. SA category drugs were not administered in 57% of infants while 18% received SA at ≥3 time points; 72% infants received anticonvulsants during 72 h of intervention. At 18 months of age, disability among survivors and death/disability was more frequent in the groups receiving anticonvulsants, with (48 and 65%) or without (37 and 58%) SA, compared to groups with no exposure (14 and 34%) or SA (13 and 32%) alone. Severe HIE (aOR 3.60; 1.59–8.13), anticonvulsant receipt (aOR 2.48; 1.05–5.88), and mechanical ventilation (aOR 7.36; 3.15–17.20) were independently associated with 18-month death/disability, whereas TH (aOR 0.28; 0.13–0.60) was protective. SA exposure showed no association with outcome. The risk benefits of SA in HIE need further investigation.
Sex Steroid Signaling in the Airway

The influence of sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone) in the biology and pathophysiology of various organ systems is being increasingly recognized. While sex steroid effects, especially estrogens, on the cardiovascular system have been well studied, clinical and emerging bench research evidence exists for the role of sex hormones in airway and lung physiology and in diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this chapter, we briefly define what sex differences exist in airway or lung structure and function under normal conditions, the potential role of sex steroids at different time points in life and in specific disease states, setting the stage to explore whether and how sex hormone signaling mechanisms may be contributory. We focus on the mechanisms by which estrogens, progresterone, and testosterone influence airway smooth muscle and epithelium in regulating airway tone and the potential contribution of these hormones in airway remodeling.
Evaluation and Accountability in Training for Professional Psychology

Psychology has reached a point in its development at which it is desirable, possible, and even necessary to evaluate its education and training activities and requirements. Especially in the health service areas of psychology, professional psychologists are demanding considerable trust from their clientele and the public when they offer and advertise their services, make claims on public and private insurance monies, and profess to do good and no harm. All professions, including psychology, should realize that it is irresponsible to forgo careful evaluation of the hypothesis that the education and training prescribed result in competent and ethical practitioners. Part of the definition of a strong profession is that it requires tangible, technical skills that produce demonstrable results and can be taught and that it can demonstrate specific ways that its education and training are related to the competent delivery of its “product.” This is the present, and formidable, task of professional psychology. In a sense, the term psychologist is like a trademark of a specific brand of products and services (assessment, psychotherapy, etc.) whose association with the quality of services must be demonstrated if the trademark is to have any value.
The entrance: how life experience shaped my passion for diversity and inclusion

I am deeply honored to receive the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) Prize for Excellence in Inclusivity made possible through a grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. This generous award of $5000 will go toward travel and registration support for underrepresented students from the University of Wisconsin-Madison to attend the ASCB and SACNAS (Society for Advancement of Chicanos/Hispanics and Native Americans in Science) conferences. In this essay, I have woven together a few stories on how my life experiences have shaped my passion for diversity and inclusion in STEM.
“That’s going to be the hardest thing for me”: tensions experienced by quiet students during collaborative learning situations

Collaborative learning (CL) has become increasingly prevalent throughout all disciplines in higher education, but these types of situations may prove challenging for quiet students who may prefer m...
The Bay of Pigs Fiasco and the Kennedy Administration's Off-the-Record Briefings for Journalists

After the failure of the April 1961 Bay of Pigs intervention in Cuba, senior officials from the Kennedy administration, including the president, devoted two days to off-the-record briefings for mor...
Radiation defect dynamics in SiC with pre-existing defects

The influence of pre-existing lattice disorder on radiation defect dynamics in SiC remains unexplored. Here, we use a pulsed ion beam method to study dynamic annealing in Ar-ion-bombarded 3C-SiC at 200 °C with different levels of pre-existing lattice disorder. Results reveal a nonmonotonic dependence of the defect relaxation time constant on the level of pre-existing disorder, exhibiting a maximum of ∼4 ms at a level of relative initial disorder of ∼0.4, while crystals without pre-existing damage are characterized by a time constant of ∼1.4 ms. These observations demonstrate that radiation defect dynamics in SiC can be controlled by defect engineering.
Multi-Omic Approaches Identify Metabolic and Autophagy Regulators Important in Ovarian Cancer Dissemination

High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOCs) arise from exfoliation of transformed cells from the fallopian tube, indicating that survival in suspension, and potentially escape from anoikis, is required for dissemination. We report here the results of a multi-omic study to identify drivers of anoikis escape, including transcriptomic analysis, global non-targeted metabolomics, and a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) screen of HGSOC cells cultured in adherent and suspension settings. Our combined approach identified known pathways, including NOTCH signaling, as well as novel regulators of anoikis escape. Newly identified genes include effectors of fatty acid metabolism, ACADVL and ECHDC2, and an autophagy regulator, ULK1. Knockdown of these genes significantly inhibited suspension growth of HGSOC cells, and the metabolic profile confirmed the role of fatty acid metabolism in survival in suspension. Integration of our datasets identified an anoikis-escape gene signature that predicts overall survival in many carcinomas.
UTILITY OF LEFT ATRIAL STRAIN MECHANICS FOR PREDICTING EXERCISE INTOLERANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Exercise intolerance (EI) is a negative prognostic factor in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Left atrium (LA) is often dilated with reduced mechanical function in HCM. We assessed the relationship between LA function and EI in HCM patients. A random cohort of HCM patients who underwent exercise
Genetic Architecture of Gene Expression in European and African Americans: An eQTL Mapping Study in GENOA.

Most existing expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping studies have been focused on individuals of European ancestry and are underrepresented in other populations including populations with African ancestry. Lack of large-scale well-powered eQTL mapping studies in populations with African ancestry can both impede the dissemination of eQTL mapping results that would otherwise benefit individuals with African ancestry and hinder the comparable analysis for understanding how gene regulation is shaped through evolution. We fill this critical knowledge gap by performing a large-scale in-depth eQTL mapping study on 1,032 African Americans (AA) and 801 European Americans (EA) in the GENOA cohort. We identified a total of 354,931 eSNPs in AA and 371,309 eSNPs in EA, with 112,316 eSNPs overlapped between the two. We found that eQTL harboring genes (eGenes) are enriched in metabolic pathways and tend to have higher SNP heritability compared to non-eGenes. We found that eGenes that are common in the two populations tend to be less conserved than eGenes that are unique to one population, which are less conserved than non-eGenes. Through conditional analysis, we found that eGenes in AA tend to harbor more independent eQTLs than eGenes in EA, suggesting potentially diverse genetic architecture underlying expression variation in the two populations. Finally, the large sample sizes in GENOA allow us to construct accurate expression prediction models in both AA and EA, facilitating powerful transcriptome-wide association studies. Overall, our results represent an important step toward revealing the genetic architecture underlying expression variation in African Americans.
Why Is the Mediterranean a Climate Change Hot Spot

AbstractHigher precipitation is expected over most of the world’s continents under climate change, except for a few specific regions where models project robust declines. Among these, the Mediterra...
Solving the Spotted Owl Crisis: Including People in the Solution

Abstract Aggressive logging of public old-growth forests in the Pacific Northwest came to an abrupt halt in 1992 due to litigation involving the federally threatened northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis). Much has been written about the ensuing crisis, but not about how Forest Service officials resolved it in ensuing years. The effort to create a new forestry model relied on applying important holistic concepts to restore biological function to Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) forests. The crisis also necessitated reengineering inclusive social processes to restore hope to disenfranchised parties. A successful new social contract emerged for managing public lands stuck in gridlock that has proven effective, durable, hopeful, and resilient.
Calcium, Phosphate, Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Alkaline Phosphatase

Disorders of bone and mineral ion metabolism are rare in pediatrics but may cause substantial morbidity. Key analytes must be interpreted in the context of associated regulatory hormones. In addition, reference ranges for calcium, phosphate, and associated hormones and enzymes often differ from the typical adult range, increasing the risk of misinterpretation. This chapter reviews the measurement and interpretation of circulating calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase in pediatric patients.
WasmView: visual testing for webassembly applications

WebAssembly is the newest language to arrive on the web. It features a binary code format to serve as a compilation target for native languages such as C, C++, and Rust and allows native applications to be ported for web usage. In the current implementation, WebAssembly requires interaction with JavaScript at a minimum to initialize and additionally to interact with Web APIs. As a result, understanding the function calls between WebAssembly and JavaScript is crucial for testing, debugging, and maintaining applications utilizing this new language. To this end, we develop a tool, WasmView, to visualize function calls made between WebAssembly and JavaScript in a web application. WasmView also records the stack traces and screenshots of applications. This tool can help in supporting visual testing for interactive applications and assisting refactoring for code updates. The demo video for WasmView can be viewed at https://youtu.be/kjKxL7L7zxI and the source code can be found at https://github.com/wasmview/wasmview.github.io.
Surface Energy-Driven Preferential Grain Growth of Metal Halide Perovskites: Effects of Nanoimprint Lithography Beyond Direct Patterning.

Hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted much attention in the field of optoelectronic devices because of their desirable properties such as high crystallinity, smooth morpho...
Investigation of the FMASK Cloud Masking Algorithm Using Simulated Multispectral Data

Identification of clouds and cloud shadows in terrestrial remotely sensed imagery is an important first processing step during generation of surface data products. One of the most successful automated cloud masking algorithms is fmask which has been used extensively with Landsat data. The algorithm uses a series of spectral tests to identify potential cloud pixels followed by an additional test to eliminate bright materials which may be incorrectly identified as clouds. In this study we investigate the performance of fmask using realistic spectral scene simulations of partly cloudy scenes. Using simulated imagery provides a unique opportunity to evaluate algorithm performance knowing truth for each pixel in the scene. In this study, the fmask algorithm correctly identified pixels as clouds when the optical depth of the cloud pixel was above a scene dependent threshold which varied from an optical depth of 3 to 10.
Promotion of corticospinal tract growth by KLF6 requires an injury stimulus and occurs within four weeks of treatment

Axons in the corticospinal tract (CST) display a limited capacity for compensatory sprouting after partial spinal injuries, potentially limiting functional recovery. Forced expression of a developmentally expressed transcription factor, Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), enhances axon sprouting by adult CST neurons. Here, using a pyramidotomy model of injury in adult mice, we confirm KLF6's pro-sprouting properties in spared corticospinal tract neurons and show that this effect depends on an injury stimulus. In addition, we probed the time course of KLF6-triggered sprouting of CST axons and demonstrate a significant enhancement of growth within four weeks of treatment. Finally, we tested whether KLF6-induced sprouting was accompanied by improvements in forelimb function, either singly or when combined with intensive rehabilitation. We found that regardless of rehabilitative training, and despite robust cross-midline sprouting by corticospinal tract axons, treatment with KLF6 produced no significant improvement in forelimb function on either a modified ladder-crossing task or a pellet-retrieval task. These data clarify important details of KLF6's pro-growth properties and indicate that additional interventions or further optimization will be needed to translate this improvement in axon growth into functional gains.
Idiopathic Inflammation Bowel Disease: is there a role for immunological mechanisms in etiopathogenesis?

From this review it seems that modest but tantalizing clues exist to support a hypothesis that microbial agents (particularly Enterobacteriaceae), host immune responses and related genetic factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of IBD. My last slide presents such a hypothesis31) schematically in the hope that future studies to test this will ultimately resolve the enigma of these diseases.
Chapter 29. Structure Elucidation and the Total Synthesis of the Leukotrienes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a group of “non-cyclized C 20 carboxylic acids with one or two oxygen substituents and three conjugated double bonds” that were initially discovered in leukocytes, and are now generally referred to as the leukotrienes. Reviews on the discovery and structure elucidation as well as the biological properties of the leukotrienes have appeared. This chapter discusses the chemistry leading to the complete stereochemical structural elucidation of the leukotrienes as well as more recent synthetic advances. In the early synthetic routes to leukotriene A 4 (LTA 4 ), leukotriene C, (LTC 4 ), leukotriene D 4 (LTD 4 ), and leukotriene E 4 (LTE 4 ), discussion is done on the simplest consideration of investigating three different R groups, the four possible configurations at C(5) and C(6), and two triene geometries that gave twenty-four target structures. Accordingly, the initial synthesis of the structurally undefined LTA428 generated a racemic mixture of cisltruns epoxides with the most likely triene geometry of 7,9-E,11-Z. Comparison of adducts by HPLC to the slow reacting substance (SRS) isolated from mouse mastocytoma cells led to the identification of glutathione as the peptide moiety in LTC 4 . Reaction of L-cysteine methyl ester with LTA 4 methyl ester gave a separable mixture of diastereomers that upon saponification gave the cysteine adduct LTE 4 . This compound was reported to have marked spasmogenic activity on guinea pig ileum characteristic of the natural SRS-A's, but no comparison with authentic SRS was reported. Recent synthetic routes to LTA 4 are discussed in the chapter with structural figures explaining the process. Discussion on the synthesis of LTB 4 and additional leukotrienes has been discussed in the chapter. Synthetic chemists have played a key role in the structure elucidation of various leukotrienes and have for the first time made available ample quantities of pure material.
Social Media Use and Impact on Interpersonal Communication

This research paper presents the findings of a research project that investigated how young adult interpersonal communications have changed since using social media. Specifically, the research focused on determining if using social media had a beneficial or an adverse effect on the development of interaction and communication skills of young adults. Results from interviews reveal a negative impact in young adult communications and social skills. In this paper young adult preferences in social media are also explored, to answer the question: Does social media usage affect the development of interaction and communication skills for young adults and set a basis for future adult communication behaviors?
Electrode kinetics of oxygen reduction: A theoretical and experimental analysis of the rotating ring-disc electrode method

In order to calculate most of the rate constants for the intermediate formation of H2O2 in the electroreduction of O2 to H2O, the theoretical treatments of the rotating ring-disc electrode method by Damjanovic et al. (1966, 1967), Bagotskii et al. (1968, 1969), and Wroblowa et al. (1976) are modified. Rotating ring-disc electrode experimental data obtained for O2 reduction in Pt in 0.55 M H2SO4 are used to illustrate the calculations of rate constants according to the above theoretical treatments. A simple reaction model as proposed by the first author is consistent with the experimental data. The results indicate that O2 (97 percent) reduces to H2O in a direct four-electron transfer reaction. The adsorption of O2 is probably the rate-determining step in the potential region more negative than 0.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode.
Utah's Energy Issues and Implications for Public Policy

While the rest of the world progresses toward renewable energy production, Utah continues to be heavily dependent on nonrenewable fossil fuel resources. Here, I examine Utah’s current energy situation as the basis for critiquing the Governor’s recently published 10-year energy plan. Current energy supplies derive mainly from coal, natural gas, and imported oil while renewable resources, such as solar, wind, and biomass, constitute only a small fraction of available energy. The environmental impact of present energy policies will lead to increased carbon dioxide production, more water contamination, exacerbated dangers for miners, and worsening air quality. After this analysis and critique, I make a series of public policy recommendations to diversify Utah’s energy portfolio and bring it up-to-date with national and international efforts to increase the sustainability of our energy practices.
Speeding up STL Set/Map Usage in C++ Applications

In this work we augment the red-black tree implementation of STL set /map with a doubly linked list that is in sorted order. This is done for the purpose of speeding up C++ applications that use set /map ::iterator considerably. In such cases, the doubly linked list helps in iterating over the set /map quickly. Usually the ++/--- operations have an amortized cost of O(1) for a red-black tree implementation. The linked list augmentation helps in improving the ++/--- operations to ?(1). In addition, our experiments for IBM's P5+ and P6 processors show that this mechanism improves performance for two SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks and there is no adverse cache effect when we support two additional pointers per node of a red-black tree.
Orthodontics and the pediatrician.

The orthodontist carries out specific dental health procedures on a patient at an age level when the pediatrician has the over-all health responsibility. It is therefore desirable that there be a proper understanding and communication between these groups. This paper attempts to present material from the field of orthodontics to aid the pediatrician in his understanding of this dental specialty.
The ETA-II linear induction accelerator and IMP wiggler: A high-average-power millimeter-wave free-electron laser for plasma heating

We have constructed a 140-GHz free-electron laser to generate high-average-power microwaves for heating the MTX tokamak plasma. A 5.5-m steady-state wiggler (Intense Microwave Prototype-IMP) has been installed at the end of the upgraded 60-cell ETA-II accelerator, and is configured as an FEL amplifier for the output of a 140-GHz long-pulse gyrotron. Improvements in the ETA-II accelerator include a multicable-feed power distribution network, better magnetic alignment using a stretched-wire alignment technique (SWAT), and a computerized tuning algorithm that directly minimizes the transverse sweep (corkscrew motion) of the electron beam. The upgrades were first tested on the 20-cell, 3-MeV front end of ETA-II and resulted in greatly improved energy flatness and reduced corkscrew motion. The upgrades were then incorporated into the full 60-cell configuration of ETA-II, along with modifications to allow operation in 50-pulse bursts at pulse repetition frequencies up to 5 kHz. The pulse power modifications were developed and tested on the High Average Power Test Stand (HAPTS), and have significantly reduced the voltage and timing jitter of the MAG 1D magnetic pulse compressors. The 2–3 kA, 6–7 MeV beam from ETA-II is transported to the IMP wiggler, which has been reconfigured as a laced wiggler, with both permanent magnets and electromagnets, for high magnetic field operation. Tapering of the wiggler magnetic field is completely computer controlled and can be optimized based on the output power. The microwaves from the FEL are transmitted to the MTX tokamak by a windowless quasi-optical microwave transmission system. Experiments at MTX are focused on studies of electron-cyclotron-resonance heating (ECRH) of the plasma. We summarize here the accelerator and pulse power modifications, and describe the status of ETA-II, IMP, and MTX operations.
Terahertz emitting devices based on dopant transitions in silicon

This study proposes a different approach of much simpler THz emitters based on radiative impurity transitions in doped silicon devices fabricated without Ge alloying. This work has gathered the electroluminescence at 4.2 K from a boron doped sample. The current versus voltage characteristics are measured at the same pulse conditions using an inductive probe and oscilloscope.
Interaction of metagalactic x-uv radiation with galactic hydrogen

Calculations show that the existence of a metagalactic X-UV flux of the intensity required to explain the high-latitude soft X-ray observations, plus a reasonable extrapolation toward lower energies, is consistent with the existence of neutral hydrogen in galaxies. Shielding by H II slabs can be effective both in the solar neighborhood and in the peripheries of galaxies out to a radius of 30 to 40 kpc. At earlier cosmological epochs shielding is less efficient. The soft X-ray spectrum as observed by Yentis et al. (1972) is difficult to reconcile with a purely extragalactic origin for the flux. A local source of ionization also may be necessary to explain the pulsar dispersion data.
Voronoi-Based segmentation of cells on image manifolds

We present a method for finding the boundaries between adjacent regions in an image, where “seed” areas have already been identified in the individual regions to be segmented. This method was motivated by the problem of finding the borders of cells in microscopy images, given a labelling of the nuclei in the images. The method finds the Voronoi region of each seed on a manifold with a metric controlled by local image properties. We discuss similarities to other methods based on image-controlled metrics, such as Geodesic Active Contours, and give a fast algorithm for computing the Voronoi regions. We validate our method against hand-traced boundaries for cell images.
Capturing a ring of samurai

The microtubule-severing protein katanin, an AAA protein, forms transient oligomers in the presence of ATP and microtubules, the latter of which act as a template for oligomer formation. AAA proteins in general may form transient oligomers on a protein-substrate template.
Could NSP5a3a be a target for head and neck cancer

Received: August 27, 2010 , Accepted: September 13, 2010 , Published: September 13, 2010 //