cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The contemplation of suicide: Its relationship to irrational beliefs in a client sample and the implications for long range suicide prevention

This study investigated differences in irrational belief systems between clients in psychotherapy who reported they were contemplating suicide and those who reported they were not. The sample included over 95% of all persons aged 16 and over seen for psychotherapy over a six-year period (90 males and 117 females). Those contemplating suicide (N=85) were significantly more irrational on a number of basic dimensions. The general composite picture was that of an individual who sees him/herself as a helpless victim of past and present circumstances who must, nevertheless, perform well, be approved of, and never have anything go wrong; any kind of failure would be awful for it would prove one to be a worthless person. Findings are consistent with other cognitive-behavioral research on suicide. Other approaches to the explanation of suicide are reviewed and criticized, especially those that in Rational-Emotive Therapy terms have made an “A-C error.”
Electron Hopping through TiO2 Powder: A Study by Photoluminescence Spectroscopy

Photoluminescence spectroscopy was employed to observe electron transport between TiO2 particles. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (3.88 eV) was shown to positively enhance the photovoltage of TiO2 particles at the powder surface, causing an enhancement of their photoluminescence (PL) at 530 nm. The charging of the TiO2 particles on the powder surface by UV irradiation partially discharges in the dark, where the displaced bulk negative charge diffuses back toward the TiO2 surface. This charge flow partially restores upward band bending, causing the PL intensity to decrease. The rate of the discharging process was used to estimate the electron migration mobility (∼10–10 m2 V–1 s–1 at 300 K) between TiO2 particles in the TiO2 matrix. Electron migration between TiO2 particles is temperature-dependent with an activation energy of 0.015 ± 0.008 eV. In addition, it was found that the adsorption of an immobile electron-donor molecule (NH3), attracts negative charge on the TiO2 surface which does not exhibit mobility...
“I Pray You, Remember the Porter”

o EW scenes in Shakespeare have seen so complete a reversal in critical evaluation as Macbeth II.iii. Twentieth-century authorities are virtually unanimous in accepting it as authentically Shakespeare's and as thematically relevant to the larger meanings of the play. We can therefore only note with incredulity that Pope and Hanmer relegated the Porter's lines to the margins of their editions, that Harry Rowe could justify his drastic abridgment of the passage by observing darkly that "too many meretricious weeds grow upon the banks of Avon", that even Coleridge was certain that except for a single sentence (the "everlasting bonfire"), "not one syllable has the ever-present being of Shakespeare".' Today, even college Freshmen have been already taught to justify the scene in terms of "comic relief", and, once they have been persuaded to relinquish that thought-paralyzing concept, can be directed to what amounts to an embarrassment of critical riches in contemporary notes and commentaries. This paper proposes to bring together some of the present-day perspectives on the function of the drunken Porter-perhaps we should call him, more accurately, the hung-over Porter-with, I trust, a few suggestions and interpretative emphases of my own. Structurally, the scene gives every evidence of careful planning. At the end of II. ii, Macbeth, momentarily alone with his terror, hears the knocking and instinctively glances down at his blood-stained hands. The noise becomes more insistent with the return of Lady Macbeth, and even her practical suggestions do not succeed in reassuring her husband; he looks fearfully and almost pleadingly towards the direction of the intrusive sound: "Wake Duncan with thy knocking! I would thou couldst!" (II. ii. 74). The two leave the stage, the Porter enters, and we are now just inside the south entry to the castle. None too steadily, the Porter approaches the gate, impatiently imitating the sound that had disturbed his slumbers. Quite self-consciously, he begins a bit of play-acting: this might be Hell-gate; he might be the infernal porter. Warming to his fancied role, he "admits" three representative figuries-one would guess, with appropriate pantomiming-the farmer, the equivocator, the tailor. Then, the cold of a Scottish dawn recalling him to reality, he abandons his part, becomes a simple porter who has been too much in his cups the night before, but who, as he admits Macduff and Lennox, is still capable of another three-fold organizational pattern followed by a burst of balanced paradoxes and involved puns, the new material tidily related, through the repetition of the equivocation theme, to the earlier soliloquy.
Immunization against vasoactive intestinal peptide does not affect thyroid hormone secretion or thyroid blood flow

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is present in thyroid parasympathetic nerves. To assess the involvement of endogenous VIP in the regulation of thyroid function, blood levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid blood flows (TBF) were measured after systemic immunization against VIP or after transection of the superior laryngeal nerves in male rats, which reduced the thyroid content of VIP but did not affect blood levels of thyroid hormones or TBF. Anti-VIP monoclonal antibody or anti-VIP serum was used for immunization against VIP in normal rats. In addition, VIP antibody was given to rats fed an iodine-deficient diet for 5 days to examine the involvement of this peptide in iodine deficiency-induced increases in TBF. Effects were measured at different times (90 s, 30 min, 1 h, and 5 days) after immunoneutralization, but none of these treatments changed blood levels of thyroid hormones or TBF in normal or iodine-deficient rats. However, passive immunization against VIP was associated with a high binding capacity of rat plasma to VIP, and this treatment reduced blood levels of prolactin as well as blood flows to the duodenum, stomach, and lung. These findings suggest that the VIP present in thyroid nerves is not involved in maintaining basal thyroid hormone secretion or TBF and that this neuropeptide does not mediate thyroid vascular adjustments to dietary iodine deficiency.
Expression and selection of single-chain Fv-Fc(scFv) antibody fragment against antigen of rabies virus in Pichia pastoris

Objective To clone and express functional recombination human scFv-Fc antibody against rabies virus in methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris.Methods The genes of antibodies against rabies virus were amplifies from the donors vaccinated by vaccine of PM strain produced in Vero cell line.The human recombinant scFv antibody genes were prepared by SOE PCR and inserted into yeast expression vector pPICZα carrying the human IgG Fc region.The scFv-Fc antibodies were selected from a human scFv-Fc Pichia pastoris secretory expression library.Results After three rounds of selection against the antigen of the rabies virus using ELISA assay,12 clones recognized the rabies antigen.The variable region genes of the heavy and light chains of two scFv-Fc antibodies to rabies virus were sequenced and identified as new genes.The specificity of the resulting scFv-Fc molecules for rabies antigen was established by ELISA and Western blotting analyses.It's relative molecular mass was 56 000.Conclusion The results demonstrate that functional antibodies can be screened from the human scFv-Fc Pichia pastoris secretory expression library.
Timing of Dialysis Initiation-Do Health Care Setting or Provider Incentives Matter?

In 2012, the point prevalence of treated ESRD in the United States exceeded 636,000 patients, and approximately 115,000 new patients initiated treatment for ESRD that year ([1][1]). Dialysis is a life-saving but expensive procedure that is covered by Medicare for all eligible patients regardless of
Price Discovery on the International Soybean Futures Markets: A Threshold Co-Integration Approach

This paper investigates the lead-lag relationships among soybean prices in United States, Brazilian, and Chinese futures markets. We focus on both long-run price co-movements and on short-run price relationships. Various co-integration methodologies and causality tests are applied to examine the changes in price relationships over time. The empirical results indicate the following: (a) the soybean futures market in the U.S. is still the most important and influential market, and the U.S. price, in the long-term, leads price changes in Brazil and China; (b) in the short-term, the overnight return of U.S. soybean futures and the daytime return of Chinese No. 1 soybean futures contemporaneously affect each other, but there is no significant causality between U.S. overnight return and the daytime return of Chinese No. 2 soybean futures; and, (c) a weak temporal seasonal causality between U.S. and Brazilian soybean futures price exists and more often than not Brazilian futures lead U.S. futures during the Brazilian growing season. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Are pregnancy planning and pregnancy timing associated with maternal psychiatric illness, psychological distress and support during pregnancy?

Abstract Background Pregnancy planning and timing may be associated with psychiatric illness, psychological distress and support during pregnancy. Methods We performed secondary analyses of a prospective cohort of 2654 pregnant women evaluating the impact of depression on preterm birth. We used multivariable logistic regression to test associations between pregnancy planning (“Was this pregnancy planned? Yes/No”) and/or timing (“Do you think this is a good time for you to be pregnant?”) with Composite International Diagnostic Interview generated psychiatric diagnoses and measures of psychological distress and support. Results 37% and 13% of participants reported an unplanned or poorly timed pregnancy, respectively. Unplanned pregnancies were associated with a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.69, 95%CI 1.23–2.32) and the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale's (CPSS) highest quartile (aOR 1.74, 95%CI 1.40–2.16). Poorly timed pregnancies were associated with a MDE (aOR 3.47, 95%CI 2.46–4.91) and the CPSS's highest quartile (aOR 5.20, 95%CI 3.93–6.87). Poorly timed pregnancies were also associated with General Anxiety Disorder (GAD; aOR 1.60, 95%CI 1.07–2.40), and the modified Kendler Social Support Inventory's (MKSSI) lowest quartile (aOR 1.64, 95%CI 1.25–2.16). Psychiatric conditions were strongly associated with planned pregnancies that were subsequently deemed poorly timed (MDE=aOR 5.08, 95%CI 2.52–10.25; GAD=aOR 2.28, 95%CI 1.04–5.03); high CPSS=aOR 6.48, 95%CI 3.59–11.69; and low MKSSI=aOR 3.19, 95%CI 1.81–5.62. Limitations Participant characteristics may limit generalizability of findings. Conclusions Pregnancy timing was a stronger predictor of maternal psychiatric illness, psychological distress and low social support than pregnancy planning in our cohort.
Sex Differences in Captive Olive Baboon Behavior During the First Fourteen Days of Life

I discuss newborn baboon behavioral and proximity sex differences in a population of captive olive baboons (Papio anubis) living in a social group of >500 individuals. The data are based upon 20-min focal observations of 42 mother-newborn pairs (n = 27, n = 15) for infant-days 1–7 and 36 pairs (n = 23, n = 13) for infant-days 8–14 collected late-May through late-November 2001. I examined the first two weeks of infant life via behavioral, proximity, and approach-leave/contact analyses in order to determine whether behavioral sex differences exist during the first few days of life. I examine and analyze these 2 weeks independently due to different sample sizes. I used data from the total available sample population of 57 infants (n = 36, n = 21) to discuss birth, survivorship, and infant weight. Statistically significant age and/or age-sex interactions exist for all of the behavior and proximity measures during either infant-week 1 or 2. Moreover, there is a statistically significant difference in the birth sex ratio in the sample population but no significant difference in infant mortality by sex. There are also relative and significant differences in mothers' treatment of their newborn males and females. There are also some general tendencies for female newborns on average to suckle less and to explore more per focal observation than male infants do as they age. Conversely, male newborns average slightly more time per focal observation 1 m from the mother than do female infants. However, the observed differences may be influenced by maternal behavior in that mothers have higher rates of contact with their female than their male infants.
Trends in Prevalence of Diagnosed Ocular Disease and Utilization of Eye Care Services in American Veterans

Purpose To assess trends in prevalence of diagnosed ocular disease and use of eye care services in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. Design Prevalence study. Methods We performed a retrospective study of all eligible veterans in the VA Capitol Health Care Network from 2007 to 2011. The VA database was used to abstract demographic and socioeconomic variables, including age, race, sex, marital status, service connection, prescription copay, homelessness, and VA facility. Primary outcome measures were the prevalence of diagnosed ocular disease and use of eye care. Ocular diagnoses were determined by International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision codes and use by prescription medication fills, visits to eye care clinics, and cataract surgery frequency. Results The average age of veterans ranged from 59.8–60.9, most veterans were male (88.1–89.8%), and there was a high proportion of African Americans (29.5–30%). The prevalence of all ocular diagnoses increased from 20.5% in 2007 to 23.3% in 2011 ( P P = .02) from 7.1% in 2007 to 9.6% in 2011. Diagnosed glaucoma prevalence increased by 9.4% ( P = .03) from 6.7 to 7.4%. The percent of patients seen in eye clinics increased 11.6%% in the 5-year study period to 24.0% in fiscal year 2011 ( P = .05). The use of ophthalmic medications increased 20% ( P Conclusions The prevalence of diagnosed eye conditions among American Veterans is increasing, as is the use of eye care services. Cataract surgery rates did not increase, which may indicate a need to increase availability of these services.
The tweet goes on

Opinion leaders tend to possess particular characteristics, such as high social status, wide social networks, and they are highly engaged in civic affairs. This study revisits the concept of original opinion leadership and examines the characteristics of Twitter opinion leaders and leadership by conducting an online survey of 648 college students in the United States. The results reveal that Twitter opinion leadership is rarely predicted by socio-demographics. Twitter opinion leadership is more strongly associated with online network size than offline network size. The study also finds that Twitter opinion leadership is significantly and positively associated with online civic participation. Lastly, the current study finds that Twitter opinion leaders can be categorized as two types frequent tweet posters and frequent retweeters. Twitter opinion leadership is rarely predicted by socio-demographics.Twitter opinion leadership is more strongly associated with online network size than offline network size.Twitter opinion leadership is significantly and positively associated with online civic participation.Twitter opinion leaders are categorized as two types frequent tweet posters and frequent retweeters.
Improving the interview skills of college students using behavioral skills training

Obtaining a job as a college graduate is partly dependent on interview performance. We used a multiple baseline design across skills to evaluate the effects of behavioral skills training with self-evaluation for five college students. Training effects were evaluated using simulated interviews as baseline and posttraining assessments. All participants acquired targeted skills, but we observed some individual differences. Participants were satisfied with training outcomes and rated the procedures as acceptable. Furthermore, ratings from university staff who provide interview training indicated that training improved performance across several skills for the majority of participants.
Imagined landscapes: geovisualizing Australian spatial narratives

In this fine piece of truly interdisciplinary work, geospatial technology is employed as a spatial hermeneutic tool to extirpate the mythical pasts haunting the Australian post-colonial imagination...
Nonlinear Phase Shifts in a Counterpropagating Quasi-Phase-Matched Configuration

Recently, there has been a large interest in cascaded second order processes for many applications including optical transistors,1 and all optical switching.2 One important aspect of these processes is the ability to produce large nonlinear phase shifts at relatively low input intensities. This poster presents a novel quasi-phase matching scheme to obtain nonlinear phase shifts via cascaded second order processes in a counterpropagating configuration.
Conflicting Treasures: contrasting resource use governance in two artisanal gemstone mining sites in Madagascar

Conflict over property and resource rights is a common product of the convergence of biodiversity conservation and natural resource extraction and is especially pronounced in resource rich developing countries. Madagascar, a country well known for its unique and threatened biodiversity as well as its wealth of mineral resources is under great pressure to reconcile the conflict between these two treasures. This article, utilizing research conducted from 2004-2008, explores how resource claims are exercised, by whom, and by what means in two artisanal gemstone mining sites in Madagascar. It argues that the practices and discourses associated with conservation intervention have influenced both the way in which people understand as well as act upon their property rights. The alienation and dispossession accompanying a fortress modeled state-managed protected area is contrasted with a decentralized self-governing community-managed model and are posited as key drivers of observed differences in people's claims to resources in two gemstone mining sites. The research shows that community-managed conservation had an unexpected influence on a community's assertion of greater authority over gem resources.
Endoscopic ultrasound guided 22 gauge core needle biopsy for the diagnosis of Autoimmune pancreatitis.

Abstract Background It is difficult to obtain adequate tissue sample for diagnosing autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) with the help of traditional EUS-guided FNA. As per ICDC guidelines, EUS-guided FNA is not recommended for diagnosing AIP(1). We herein present a report of 2 cases of using a new flexible 22 gauge (G) core biopsy needle (SharkCore, Medtronic, Sunnydale, Calif) for diagnosing AIP. Methods This is a report of 2 cases reviewed retrospectively which had used 22G core biopsy needle for obtaining histo-pathological samples for diagnosing AIP. The cases were reviewed with both endoscopist and a pathologist to determine if the diagnostic criteria were met. Results Both the cases had adequate tissue sample obtained to make a clear diagnosis of AIP. Pathology showed changes of chronic pancreatitis with atrophy and storiform pattern of fibrosis with a dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in both cases along with identification of IgG4 cells. Conclusion EUS-guided fine needle biopsy (FNB) using the SharkCore needle can be used reliably for diagnosing AIP. More studies need to be performed to validate this further.
The Role of Femoral Artery Ultrasound Measurements in Predicting Restenosis following Endovascular Intervention

BackgroundAlthough endovascular interventions for peripheral artery disease (PAD) have become increasingly common, they are associated with a significant rate of restenosis. An improved understandi...
Abstract P242: Dietary Nitrate Does not Reduce Resting Metabolic Rate or Oxidative Stress in Healthy Males

Introduction: Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator that increases blood flow by promoting relaxation of endothelium. Dietary nitrate supplementation increases plasma nitrite, a marker of overall NO b...
Rainfall estimate from satellite observations

Publisher Summary A rainfall retrieval algorithm based on the clear sky and all sky outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), also referred to as the long-wave radiative forcing [LRF] algorithm, was developed earlier, which demonstrated the validity of monthly rainfall estimates. This chapter presents the results of further application of the LRF algorithm to the interactive forecast retrieval analysis (IFRA) data. The objectives are to estimate global rainfall from satellite observations based on IFRA data; and to investigate the seasonal, intraseasonal, and interannual variations of rainfall estimate. This chapter also discusses the rainfall algorithm, monthly mean rainfall rates for January and July of 1988, water vapor residence time in the atmosphere, and potential field of vertically integrated water vapor flux, and the potential function of rainfall estimate. In order to investigate whether the rainfall estimates can be used for the study of atmospheric variations, some characteristics of the rainfall estimate are presented. The results demonstrate that the ten-day mean LRF rainfall estimate possesses valuable information in the seasonal and intra-seasonal time scales, and regional and global scales.
Insights Into the Structure of the Mitochondrial Channel, VDAC, Provided by Electron Microscopy

It has been ten years since publication of the finding that outer membranes isolated from mitochondria of the fungus Neurospora crassa may bear periodic arrays of stain-accumulating subunits, which were later identified as the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel, VDAC (Mannella, 1982). In the ensuing years, considerable progress has been made both in controlling the crystallization process and in characterizing the structure of the arrays. The aim of the present report is to summarize information about the structure of the VDAC channel that has been obtained from high-resolution electron microscopy and image analysis of these two-dimensional (2D) crystals.
The Influence of General Sustainability Attitudes and Value Congruence on Consumer Behavior.

Sustainability has become a strategic focus within many modern organizations. This is largely attributed to increased public awareness and changes in consumer behavior. One recent trend, ‘ethical consumerism (EC),’ occurs when consumers purchase the goods and services from businesses that share their values. In response, many businesses are adopting ‘causerelated marketing (CRM)’ campaigns to attract and retain customers who regularly engage in EC. Sustainability reporting has been identified as method of CRM capable of attracting and retaining consumers who value sustainability. To investigate this phenomenon we conducted a lab experiment designed to measure consumer behavior (loyalty and purchase intentions) based on the alignment of individual consumer values and organizational values (value congruence). The results of our study suggest (a) general attitudes toward sustainability (GATS) positively and significantly influence value congruence (VC), and (b) VC positively and significantly influences consumer behavior (loyalty and purchase intention).
Who is Covered by Unemployment Insurance

Although the Federal State Unemployment Compensation Program (UI) is designed to insure U.S. workers against the economic risk of job loss, there is little information available about the characteristics of employed workers who are covered by the program (i.e., who would be eligible for benefits if they became unemployed). Knowing more about these workers can improve current understanding of the extent to which the UI program is meeting the needs of workers in the modern economy and can help researchers and policymakers identify ways to make the program more effective. To contribute to research in this area, this paper uses data from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and probit regression analysis to document rates of UI coverage by major demographic and job groups. I find that 95 percent of employed workers with prior labor-force experience are covered by UI. However, consistent with prior literature on the characteristics of UI recipients, I find gaps in UI coverage for women, younger workers, less-educated workers, part-time workers, and workers in some service-related industries and occupations.
Corporate Social Entrepreneurship: An Effective Dual Strategy?

Entrepreneurship is a strategic opportunity for human development, on which MNCs play a vital role in the spillover effect. This chapter aims (1) to illustrate corporate social entrepreneurship (CSE) practices to generate social value and (2) to explore their ethical constraint alleviation. Using internet-mediated research, a sustainability analysis of seventy companies from different countries and sizes evidenced that CSE is a tool for economic growth and good governance. This study brings new insights to the field of CSR and its role in sustainability by incorporating the entrepreneurship discipline. A corporate social innovation business model is proposed as a core business strategy. Also, Ecuadorian CSE practices and their different perspectives can serve as references for future studies.
Optimizing reserves in school choice: A dynamic programming approach

Abstract We introduce a new model of school choice with reserves in which asocial planner is constrained by a limited supply of reserve seats and tries to find the matching that is optimal according to a social welfare function. We construct the optimal distribution of reserves via a quartic-time dynamic programming algorithm. Due to the modular nature of the algorithm, the resulting mechanism is strategy-proof for reserve-eligible students.
Effects of Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Symbiotic Bacteria on Non-target Arthropods

The concerns over environmental risks of chemical pesticides and their consequences for insect pest control have stimulated the search for alternative control measures such as biological control by entomopathogens. Nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are biological control agents that are non-toxic to humans, safer to environment than chemical pesticides, and can easily combined with other control tactics. However, there has always been concern regarding potential non-target effects of these parasitic nematodes. Only a few studies have examined the action of entomopathogenic nematodes on non-target organisms and these cases have shown effects ranging from negligible to harmful. In some cases, these nematodes can cause mortality to non-target organisms, usually on a temporary and restricted area basis. We review herein the direct and indirect effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on non-target organisms, from both laboratory and field studies.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system productively adapts to proteasomal and protein folding stressors via independent mechanisms

Abstract Aging, disease, and environmental stress are associated with failures in the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), yet a quantitative understanding of how the UPS responds to stress conditions is lacking. Here we assessed the performance and adaptability of the UPS in yeast under stress conditions using quantitative measurements of misfolded substrate stability and stress-dependent UPS regulation by the transcription factor Rpn4. We found that impairing degradation rates (“proteasomal stress”) and generating misfolded proteins (“folding stress”) stabilized UPS substrates through separate, non-overlapping mechanisms. Folding stress stabilized proteins by causing aggregation rather than targeting to the proteasome and increasing overall proteasomal load. Despite differences in underlying proteostasis defects, the UPS productively adapted to both proteasomal and folding stressors using separate mechanisms of Rpn4 activation, in some cases resulting in no loss in UPS substrate degradation. Our work reveals the distinct effects of proteotoxic stressors and the versatility of cells in productively adapting the UPS.
Who Follows the Generals? Polarization in Institutional Confidence in the Military

The military institution enjoys consistently high levels of public confidence, making it one of the most respected entities in American society. However, this aggregate trend conceals an underlying polarization among partisans, who arrive at different conclusions over the institutional quality of the military. What explains the divide? This analysis argues a partisan bias resulting from (1) exposure to different information about the military and (2) different cognitive biases in using that information to render an opinion on institutional quality. Using observational data on news media reporting patterns and original text-as-data processed through unsupervised machine learning techniques, I find that partisans during a key phase of the Iraq War were exposed to widely different types information on military performance. Furthermore, I find through original survey experimentation that when presented with information on negative performance by the military, partisans adopt very different sensibilities in how that information is used to evaluate it.
Galois descent for higher Brauer groups

For X a smooth projective variety over a field k, we consider the problem of Galois descent for higher Brauer groups. More precisely, we extend a finiteness result of Colliot-Thelene and Skorobogatov (J Reine Angew Math 682:141–165, 2013) to higher Brauer groups.
Dialogical Theology and Social Engagement

The central claim of this essay is that interreligious social engagement can serve as an effective first step in realizing the urgency, and facing the complexity, of interreligious dialogue and theology. After laying out both the political and the spiritual reasons for the necessity of multifaith dialogue, the author describes its complexity: participants are often told that, to make dialogue possible, all religions must abandon claims of being the “only” or the “best.” But such a requirement will frighten away many religious believers, especially conservative believers. To resolve this dilemma the author suggests we follow the example of the Interfaith Youth Corps. They begin dialogue not with theological requirements but with shared action to address the needs of civil society. In working together, followers of different religions become friends with one another. And friends will want to share what they believe without claiming that one is better than another.
Some Continuous CDFs

All the random variables in Part I were discrete; in the symbolism of the previous lesson, their CDFs were all “Fd”s. It turns out that there are two kinds of “Fc”s: those which are differentiable “almost everywhere” and those which are differentiable nowhere; the latter are of mathematical interest but are not discussed herein. In this lesson, we look at examples of the former which are given by Riemann integrals. We will return to “almost everywhere” in a later lesson.
Case 15-2020: A 79-Year-Old Man with Hyponatremia and Involuntary Movements of the Arm and Face

A Man with Hyponatremia and Involuntary Movements of the Arm and Face A 79-year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of hyponatremia and involuntary movements, which would start in the lef...
Stock Market Prediction Using Elliot Wave Theory and Classification

The area of stock market prediction has attracted a great deal of attention during the past decade especially after multiple market crashes. By analyzing market price fluctuations, we can achieve valuable insight regarding future trends. This research proposes a novel method for prediction using pattern analysis and classification. For the first part of the research, a trend analysis algorithm, Elliot wave theory, is used to classify price patterns for DJIA, S&P500, and NASDAQ into three categories: LONG, SHORT, and HOLD. After labeling patterns, classification learning algorithms including decision tree, naive Bayes, and support vector machine (SVM) are used to learn from the patterns and make a prediction for the future. The algorithm is implemented during the market crashes of May 2010 and August 2015, and the obtained results show that it correctly identifies the market volatility by issuing HOLD and SHORT signals during those crashes.
Truth is in the data: a response to culture and caution.

We thank Dr Hoyler et al [1][1] for their interest and comments on our article “Variation in pediatric local anesthetic dosing for peripheral nerve blocks: an analysis from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network (PRAN)”.[2][2] We disagree with their assessment and assertions. In their letter
Developing an effective approach for microbial biosynthesis of hydroxyhydroquinone

Abstract Hydroxyhydroquinone (HHQ) is an aromatic triol with important biological activities and values. In this work, we achieved de novo HHQ bioproduction using glucose as the substrate. First, we established a cultivation method to address the issue of HHQ degradation in an aqueous solution. Second, an artificial biosynthesis pathway was constituted in E. coli to enable the conversion of glucose to HHQ via 4-hydroxybenzoate. Moreover, microbial co-culture engineering techniques were utilized to modularize the biosynthesis pathway and improve the HHQ production to 64 mg/L within 48 h. To our knowledge, this is the first report of heterologous biosynthesis of HHQ using a microbial host. The findings of this work lay a solid foundation for future efforts in microbial bioproduction of HHQ and related biochemicals.
Faculty Motivation for Pursuit of Entrepreneurial Mindset Professional Development

Entrepreneurial mindset (EM) has recently been adapted and integrated into various engineering classes and programs globally. Studies have shown that this integration can be effective and lead to b...
An alternative approach to estimation of the energy efficiency gap in food processing

This paper proposes an alternative approach to the estimation of the “practical” energy efficiency gap, using the US food processing industry as an empirical example. Starting with stochastic frontier energy demand functions estimates based on non-public, plant level data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the approach controls for plant level inputs and output, energy prices, and other observables including 6-digit NAICS industry designations. This approach generates an estimate of the cumulative distribution of energy efficiency across all plants in the industry. While the estimates of the distributions are sensitive to the methods, the analysis consistently shows that few plants come close to 100% efficiency. Defining a “practical level of energy efficiency” using the 95th percentile of the estimated efficiency distributions, instead of assuming 100% efficiency, results in an ~ 20% estimate of the efficiency gap. Most of the reductions in energy use from closing this practical efficiency gap are from plants that are “low hanging fruit,” i.e., plants in the bottom half of the efficiency distribution. Two-thirds of the estimated 20% practical efficiency gap can be achieved by bringing the lower half of the efficiency distribution up to just the median level of observed performance. New plants do exhibit higher energy efficiency than existing plants which is statistically significant, but the difference is small for most of the industries, ranging from a low of 0.4% to a high of 5.7%.
Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life After Transient Ischemic Attack.

Importance Numerous studies have found that patients diagnosed with TIA have decreased health-related quality of life, which has been interpreted as suggesting that patients with TIA have residual symptoms after the event. Studies assessing health status in the same patients before and after an event are lacking but may allow a direct determination of the association of TIA with postevent health status. Objective To examine patient-reported health before transient ischemic attack (TIA) among individuals diagnosed with this event and evaluate change in patient-reported health after the event overall and by TIA characterization subgroups. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted among 236 patients with a clinical diagnosis of TIA from October 2015 to December 2017 in a large US health system that collects a patient-reported outcome measure in ambulatory setting as part of routine care. Included patients had patient-reported global health scale assessments completed as part of routine care before and after a TIA event. Data were analyzed from March through July 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Global Health (PROMIS GH) scale score before and after TIA. A change of 5 or more points in this score is considered clinically relevant. The secondary outcomes included change in patient-reported global health by clinical impression of the probability of a TIA event, pattern of neurological deficits, and short-term risk of stroke, as assessed by the ABCD2 score. Results Among 263 patients who experienced TIA, mean (SD) age was 67.9 (13.4) years and 138 (52.5%) were women. The median (interquartile range) time between patient-reported global health scores was 152 (94-284) days. Mean (SD) baseline patient-reported global physical health and mental health scale summary scores were 43.4 (8.2) and 47.7 (9.7), respectively, and were statistically significantly decreased compared with the general population mean (SD) scores of 50 (10; P < .001) for physical and mental health. The difference between physical health summary score among study participants and the general population was clinically relevant. Mean (SD) summary scores were not statistically significantly different after the event compared with before the event overall (physical health: 44.1 [8.2], for a mean [SE] improvement of 0.65 [0.38] points; P = .09; mental health: 47.4 [9.1], for a mean [SE] worsening of 0.25 [0.38] points; P = .51) or within subgroups. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that impaired health status among patients diagnosed with TIA reflect, at least in part, an impaired premorbid state of health. This study did not find that TIA events were associated with worsening of health status overall or within subgroups.
The Content Validity and Inter-Rater Reliability of the Occupational Therapy Pediatric Inventory of Cognitive Skills (OT-PICS): An Assessment Tool of Functional Cognition in Children.

The Occupational Therapy Pediatric Inventory of Cognitive Skills (OT-PICS) is being developed to evaluate functional cognition skills in children in the domains of play, educational participation, and self-care. This study aimed to determine the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the OT-PICS. Seven content experts agreed that all 15 items of the tool are essential items to examine functional cognition in children (k = 0.71-1.0; I-CVI = 0.71-1.0; S-CVI = 0.96. The OT-PICS also has moderate reliability (ICC = 0.63) between nine trained raters. The tool was then revised and refined for clarity based on therapist's comments and feedback.
Parenting and Psychological Health in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a demanding chronic illness that may result in poorer psychological health in youth. Fortunately, certain parenting practices may be protective against adverse outcomes. However, a systematic review of these relationships in youth with T1D is lacking. Thus, the current systematic review examined the literature on parenting and child psychological health outcomes (both internalizing and externalizing symptoms) in youth with T1D. Particular attention is paid to how demographic factors are associated with these relationships. METHODS PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed, and a literature search (PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL) was conducted for studies of youth with T1D that examined the relationship between specific parenting practices or characteristics of the parent-child relationship and youth (<19 years old) internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Forty studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were examined for risk of bias. RESULTS Results support that family conflict, critical parenting, support, involvement, and relationship quality are associated with psychological health outcomes in youth with T1D, with some associations varying by parent gender, child age, demographic factors, and internalizing versus externalizing outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of bolstering supportive parenting and decreasing family conflict to improve psychological health in this population. Gaps in the literature related to the dearth of father and secondary caregiver report, lack of sample diversity and attention to the influence of demographic factors, and a limited number of studies examining anxiety were identified. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.
The School Counselor’s Study Guide for Credentialing Exams

The School Counselor’s Study Guide for Credentialing Exams is the only study guide on the market based on the ASCA School Counselor Competencies, CACREP Standards, NBCC NCSCE content requirements, and the NCATE and NBPTS Standards. Designed to help users build knowledge and skills that are transferrable to any test format, it can be used to prepare for the NCSCE, Praxis II School Counseling Specialty Exam, NBPTS School Counseling national certification exam, Comprehensive School Counselor Education program exams, and state certification exams for professional school counseling. Each chapter aligns with one of the eight CACREP content areas for school counseling and covers in depth the material necessary to succeed on any of the exams. Also included in each chapter are case scenarios, guided reflection questions, and actual exam practice questions. A full-length practice exam is provided at the end with answers and explanations for correct and incorrect responses. Additional resources include a glossary of important terms and lists of ethical codes and competencies for various school counseling related organizations. Students and professionals seeking a professional school counselor credential will find this to be an invaluable tool in their exam preparation.
JAK-STAT Signaling

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a brief overview of the Janus activated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) signaling pathway. Members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Tyk2, were initially identified as orphan tyrosine kinases and subsequently linked to cytokines through a genetic screen for interferon (IFN)-I response. They range in size from 120 to 140 kDa and are widely expressed, except for Jak3, whose expression is restricted to lymphoid tissues. This family of kinases features seven conserved JAK homology (JH) domains, where the two-carboxy terminal JH regions represent the kinase (JH1/Ki) and pseudo kinase domains, respectively. The four amino terminal JH domains constitute four point, ezrin, radixin, moesin (FERM) domain, which mediates stable association with membrane proximal receptor motifs. STATs can be divided into five structurally and functionally conserved domains. The amino terminal domain is well conserved and promotes homotypic interactions between unphosphorylated STATs. The coiled-coil domain consists of a four-helix bundle that protrudes laterally from the core. The DNA binding domain (DBD) of activated STAT homodimers (except Stat2) recognizes the palindromic gamma-IFN activation site (GAS) element and may also participate in the process of nuclear import/export. The Linker domain structurally translates the dimerization signal to the DNA binding motif. The SH2 domain is the most highly conserved motif. It mediates specific recruitment to the appropriate receptor, and the formation of active STAT dimers. The tyrosine activation motif is a conserved tyrosine near residue 700, which upon phosphorylation marks STAT activation. This phosphotyrosyl residue is recognized by a SH2 domain of the partner STAT to allow the formation of active STAT dimers.
Monitoring finite state properties: algorithmic approaches and their relative strengths

Monitoring complex applications to detect violations from specified properties is a promising field that has seen the development of many novel techniques and tools in the last decade. In spite of this effort, limiting, understanding, and predicting the cost of monitoring has been a challenge. Existing techniques primarily target the overhead caused by the large number of monitor instances to be maintained and the large number of events generated by the program that are related to the property. However, other factors, in particular, the algorithm used to process the sequence of events can significantly influence runtime overhead. In this work, we describe three basic algorithmic approaches to finite state monitoring and distill some of their relative strengths by conducting preliminary studies. The results of the studies reveal non-trivial differences in runtime overhead when using different monitoring algorithms that can inform future work.
Concussion Treatment Using Massage Techniques: a Case Study

Background: Concussion, its recognition, diagnosis, and treatment is a growing public health issue. Massage practitioners who specialize in rehabilitation deal with a variety of injury cases that involve concussion, including those incurred by falls, motor vehicle incidents, and sports injuries. Purpose: This case study presents a unique massage therapy approach to concussion trauma treatment. Participant: Male 23-year-old intramural soccer player diagnosed with postconcussion syndrome resulting from a fall. Intervention: Assessment and treatment were completed in two sessions of 45 minutes spaced two days apart. Massage therapy techniques were applied to injury areas by a Licensed Massage Practitioner. Results: Using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and self-report, the outcome measures showed diminished concussion symptoms and regained ease in range of motion in the cervical area. Conclusion: Positive results for this case highlight the potential importance of massage therapy work to reduce headache, dizziness, and nausea in concussion recovery. In the presence of such outcomes, massage therapy may also have a supportive role in a person’s return to function after concussion.
The Wind-Compressed Disk Model

We discuss the effects of rotation on the structure of radiatively-driven winds. When the centrifugal support is large, there is a region, at low latitudes near the surface of the star, where the acceleration of gravity is larger than the radiative acceleration. Within this region, the fluid streamlines “fall” toward the equator. If the rotation rate is large, this region is big enough that the fluid from the northern hemisphere collides with that from the southern hemisphere. This produces standing shocks above and below the equator. Between the shocks, there is a dense equatorial disk that is confined by the ram pressure of the wind. A portion of the flow that enters the disk proceeds outward along the equator, but the inner portion accretes onto the stellar surface. Thus there is simultaneous outflow and infall in the equatorial disk. The wind-compressed disk forms only if the star is rotating faster than a threshold value, which depends on the ratio of wind terminal speed to stellar escape speed. The spectral type dependence of the disk formation threshold may explain the frequency distribution of Be stars. Observational tests of the wind-compressed disk model indicate that, although the geometry of the disk agrees with observations of Be stars, the density is a factor of 100 too small to produce the IR excess, Hα emission, and optical polarization, if current estimates of the mass-loss rates are used. However, recent calculations of the ionization balance in the wind indicate that the mass-loss rates of Be stars may be significantly underestimated.