cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of silica-based aliphatic ion exchangers

Abstract The chemical literature describing preparation of aliphatic ion exchangers is limited, and although such phases are available commercially, the synthetic schemes are proprietary. The course of our research required the preparation of silica-based aliphatic cation and anion exchangers for which the desired base silica and/or ligand properties were not commercially available. We developed synthetic schemes to prepare silica-based aliphatic sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid and quaternary ammonium ion-exchange phases with active exchange capacities of 0.2–0.9 μmol/m 2 . Multiple techniques were used to characterize the intermediate and final phases produced in the syntheses, including Fourier transform diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, spot tests, elemental analysis, acid-base titration and elution analysis.
Effect of Phenobarbital, Hypophysectomy and X-Irradiation on Preovulatory Progesterone Levels in The Cyclic Hamster

Progesterone levels were measured at proestrus in intact, phenobarbital (sodium phenobarbital)-treated, hypophysectomized (ℏ) and irradiated hamsters by the competitive protein binding technique. Progesterone content and concentration in the ovary increased dramatically between 2:30 and 3:00 PM and the highest levels were reached at 8 PM. The concentration of follicular progesterone paralleled but was only one half of the total ovarian value. Plasma progestei-one was highest at 6 PM and did not decrease significantly until 12 midnight. Phenobarbital (phen) or ℏ at 1 PM completely blocked ovarian progesterone synthesis at 4 PM. LH but not FSH restored progesterone secretion in ℏ or phen-treated animals. LH significantly increased ovarian progesterone within 15 min in ℏ animals. Hamsters ℏ at 4 PM (after the initial rise in progesterone) continued to show progesterone at control levels for at least 4 hr. Therefore, the continued presence of LH does not appear to be necessary for sustained progesterone secre...
Three-surface Aircraft - Optimum vs. Typical

Comparisons of the induced drag for a three-surface general aviation aircraft were made using a vortex lattice method and Prandtl-Munk theory. Substantial differences between the two prediction methods have been shown in the presence of practical nonelliptic spanwise load distributions. At the same time, a parametric study using the vortex lattice method has been carried out to determine the sensitivity of lift to induced-drag ratio to different design variables. Using the resulting trends, a three-surface general aviation aircraft has been modeled and compared with its equivalent canard and conventional configurations. It has been shown that although the three-surface geometry is more efficient than a canard configuration, it remains inferior to a conventional design. Nomenclature M. = aspect ratio B — canard load/tail load b = span CL = lift coefficient CD = drag coefficient CD. = induced-drag coefficient DJ = induced drag e = efficiency factor G =gap, vertical distance to the wing/wing span, positive above the wing L =lift q = dynamic pressure S .= stagger, horizontal distance to the wing/wing span S =planform area V = airspeed a = geometric angle of attack X = taper ratio A = sweep angle cr =PrandtPs mutual induced-drag factor
The possibility of forming a sacrificial anode coating for Mg

Mg is the most active engineering metal, and is often used as a sacrificial anode/coating to protect other engineering metals from corrosion attack. So far no sacrificial anode coating has been developed or considered for Mg. This study explores the possibility of forming a sacrificial coating for Mg. A lithiated carbon coating and a metaphosphated coating are applied on the Mg surface, respectively, and their open-circuit-potentials are measured in saturated Mg(OH)2 solution. They exhibit more negative potentials than bare Mg. SEM reveals that the metaphosphated coating offers more effective and uniform protection for Mg than the lithiated carbon coating. These preliminary results indicate that development of a sacrificial anode coating for Mg is indeed possible.
Leadership Perceptions in Relation to a Presidential Vote1

In the 1988 American presidential election, leadership perceptions and perceived platforms were used to predict votes for one of the two final candidates (Governor Michael Dukakis and Vice President George Bush). Both leadership perceptions and perceived platforms were found to be related to voting. However, political involvement moderated the relationship between the perceived platforms and the votes, while leadership perceptions were found to be a consistent predictor of voting across levels of political involvement. Leadership perceptions, perceived platforms, and the interaction between involvement and perceived platforms predicted voting above and beyond the voters’ political affiliations. Consistent with a categorization model of leadership perceptions, the prototypicality of perceived leader traits was found to be strongly related to a tendency to vote for a candidate who was perceived to possess those traits. In comparing general favorability of characteristics versus prototypicality with respect to an effective political leadership category, general favorability played a larger role in uninvolved voters’ decisions than in involved voters’ decisions. Differences in mean leadership prototype ratings were also explored as a function of political affiliation and political involvement. The implications of these findings for campaign strategies and for leadership in organizational contexts are discussed.
Ring-opening nucleophilic alkylations by tertiary azetidines

N-Alkylazetidines were cleaved by nucleophilic reagents under moderate conditions to give the corresponding 3-substituted-propylamines. The additions were subject to acid catalysis and also proceeded slowly under alkaline S conditions.
TH‐D‐M100J‐05: A Phantom and Software Analysis Tool for Quality Assurance (QA) of LINAC with Onboard KV X‐Ray Imaging Device

Purpose:LINAC with integrated kV imaging device is emerging as an important clinical tool for radiation therapy. A novel strategy is developed to examine the system geometric and mechanical accuracies to ensure the adequate use of this new technology. Method and Materials: Three major issues that are crucial to the performance of the LINAC with onboard imager are in mind when designing the phantom system: (1) the coincidence of kV and MV beam isocenters; (2) the positional accuracy of kV and MV X‐ray sources; and (3) the positional and directional accuracy of the kV and MV imagers. After a computer simulation to maximize the detection sensitivity of these three sets of parameters, a QA phantom was built by placing 13 ball bearings (BBs) on the surface of the rectangular phantom (18×18×20 cm). A Varian Trilogy was used to validate the QA system design. The kV and MV projection data were collected with gantry rotating over 360°. The softwareanalysis tool then computes those three sets of parameters by comparing the measured and predicted BB locations on each projection. Results: The performance of the QA package was assessed by intentionally introducing a number of errors. As a result, our QA system showed great sensitivity and accuracy in error detection. Specifically, it was found that the accuracy of the system in detecting angular uncertainties of the kV/MV sources was better than 0.2°. For spatial uncertainties, such as the kV/MV iso‐center mis‐alignment, the source position, or the detector position, the demonstrated accuracy was better than 1 mm. Furthermore, the system was able to reveal any combinational error of the angular and spatial variables at any gantry angle. Conclusions: Iso‐centers, source positions, and imager positions and directions for kV and MV can be examined accurately with this QA system.
In search of GSS impact on groups: an exploratory field study

The fundamental goal of a group support system (GSS) is to support the work performed by groups and teams. More often than not, the projects undertaken by groups and teams occur over a period of time longer than a single meeting. However, the lack of longitudinal studies is a concern that has been highlighted in meta‐analyses of GSS research. For example, little is known in regard to the GSS impacts on group member behavior in traditional meetings after their exposure to GSSs. This field study looks at a single work group using a GSS to complete an organizational restructure over a period of ten weeks. The goal is to observe the impact of changes in two sets of groupware‐team member characteristics: the perceptions of groupware over time and the impact of GSS usage on individual team member behavior in future meetings.
The role of project management in university computing resource departments

Abstract Today’s businesses have learned the value of incorporating formal project management practices and tools. However, the drivers that have pushed businesses to adopt them have not had as large an impact on institutions of higher education. This paper investigates the acceptance and usage of formal project management techniques by university information technology departments. Results of a mail survey determined that current university IT departments lag behind their business peers in the adoption and usage of project management practices and tools. Additionally, it was discovered that the most utilized project management function by the academic institutions was project planning.
Abstract 2269: Combination of erlotinib and epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through posttranslational regulation of Bim and Bcl-2

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Purpose: Effective chemopreventive strategies could save millions of lives. We have previously reported that the combination of the EGFR-TKI erlotinib and the green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exhibited synergistic chemopreventive effects in head and neck cancers by inducing the expression of Bim, p21, p27, and inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and expression of Bcl-2. In the current study, we further investigated the mechanism of regulation of Bim, Bcl-2, p21 and p27, and their role in apoptosis. Methods: Well characterized and genetically validated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck cell lines were used throughout the study. Annexin V staining was conducted for apoptosis assay. Expression of mRNAs and proteins were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Gene overexpression and knockdown strategies were used to activate or shut down the expression of specific proteins. Results: siRNA-mediated silencing of Bim significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by the combination of erlotinib and EGCG (p=). On the other hand, overexpression of Bcl-2 significantly protected cells from apoptosis (p=), whereas overexpression of constitutively AKT had minimal effect on apoptosis (actual values). Analysis of mRNA expression by RT-PCR revealed that neither erlotinib, EGCG nor their combination had any significant effects on the mRNA expression of Bim, p21, p27 or Bcl-2, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation of Bim, p21, p27 and Bcl-2 by the combination of erlotinib and EGCG. Furthermore, we found that erlotinib or the combination of EGCG and erlotinib inhibited the phosphorylation of Bim, and that inhibition of protein translation by cycloheximide pretreatment stabilized Bim, suggesting posttranslational regulation of Bim. Conclusion: Our results strongly suggest that the combination of erlotinib and EGCG induces apoptosis of SCCHN cells by regulating Bim and Bcl-2 at the post-translational level. Currently, a clinical trial is underway at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University to inhibit or reverse the progression of oral premalignant lesions using this combination. (This study is supported by R03CA159369, P50CA128613 and Robbins Scholar Award of Winship Cancer Institute). Citation Format: Abedul Haque, Mohammad A. Rahman, Zhuo G. Chen, Dong M. Shin, A.R.M. Ruhul Amin. Combination of erlotinib and epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck through posttranslational regulation of Bim and Bcl-2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2269. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2269
Scleroderma of lower urinary tract.

Abstract A case of scleroderma involving the lower urinary tract is reported. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of a living patient with this condition.
The tensile deformation and fracture behavior of friction stir welded aluminum alloy 2024

In this paper, the salient intricacies of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 2024 are highlighted. Influence of welding parameter, primarily the heat flow conduction path, on microstructural development of a 0.125 in (3 mm) thick plate of the aluminum alloy is presented. The conjoint influence of weld parameter and intrinsic microstructural features on tensile deformation and quasi-static fracture behavior is presented and discussed. The tensile properties and fracture behavior of the welded sample is compared with the unwelded counterpart. The microscopic mechanisms governing tensile or quasi-static fracture are rationalized in light of intrinsic microstructural features of the welded sample, deformation characteristics of the alloy microstructure, and nature of loading.
Jordan v. The City of New London, police hiring and IQ: “When all the answers they don’t amount to much”

In the recent case of Jordan v. The City of New London a police applicant was denied employment because he scored too well on the cognitive ability portion of his written application test. The importance of the case stems from its potential impact on three areas. First, in a time of shrinking applications to police forces, legal decisions related to the selection process would appear significant. Second, the rejection of an applicant by a police department because he was thought too intelligent appears to create or reinforce negative stereotypes of police in the USA. Third, the case involves employment law, an area that has proven fertile ground for suits against the police. The article explores the case in detail as well as reporting the results of a survey of police mid‐level managers concerning the impact of intelligence on various police administrative concerns.
Inflammation and Insulin Resistance

Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is a key component in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the Metabolic syndrome. In this review, we focus on the interconnection between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause insulin resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver by inhibiting insulin signal transduction. The sources of cytokines in insulin resistant states are the insulin target tissue themselves, primarily fat and liver, but to a larger extent the activated tissue resident macrophages. While the initiating factors of this inflammatory response remain to be fully determined, chronic inflammation in these tissues could cause localized insulin resistance via autocrine/paracrine cytokine signaling and systemic insulin resistance via endocrine cytokine signaling all of which contribute to the abnormal metabolic state.
The hydration of proteins in nearly anhydrous organic solvent suspensions

Water sorption isotherms at 27 degrees C have been measured for lysozyme and chymotrypsin in suspensions of toluene, di(n-butyl) ether, n-propanol, and a solution of 1M n-propanol in benzene. Sorption isotherms for the different suspensions are compared by converting solvent water content to the thermodynamic activity of water in each solvent. The sorption behavior is also compared to that for the two proteins hydrated from the vapor phase. At low water activities, all sorption isotherms are similar when compared on the basis of water activity. However, at higher activities, water sorption by the proteins in the organic suspensions is suppressed relative to the sorption of water vapor. The greatest suppression is observed for n-propanol, which suggests that the suppression may be due to a competition for water-binding sites on the protein by the organic solvent. Sorption isotherms at low water activities have also been predicted using a thermodynamic model in which it is assumed that water binds selectively to the ionizable residues on the surface of the protein. A comparison of predicted and measured sorption isotherms shows that the model can provide reasonable estimates of water sorption in nonpolar or moderately polar organic solvent suspensions at low levels of hydration.
Establishing Native Perennial Bioenergy Crops with Cereal Grain Companion Crops

Companion crops supply additional economic returns when used to establish perennial forage crops, and they should provide similar benefits when establishing native perennial grasslands for bioenergy. We evaluated the effect of cereal grains and native perennial companion crops on biomass yield of three different bioenergy crop types (switchgrass (Panicum virgatum (L.) Vitman) monoculture, four-species native grass mixture, and CP-25 polyculture mixture) during the seeding year and two subsequent harvest years at four environments. Effects of companion crops on bioenergy crop yields were inconsistent across locations and time, but some general patterns were observed. Averaged across all bioenergy crops, three companion cropping treatments—oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis L.) harvested for forage—produced harvestable biomass during the seeding year while suppressing weeds and maintaining perennial biomass yield of the main crop during the first harvest year. Harvestable forage yields were greater for the oat companion crop compared to Canada wildrye during the seeding year at two environments, which could make the cereal grain companion crops more profitable for producers, depending on biomass markets. The polyculture crop yielded 33 and 39 % more perennial biomass than the switchgrass and grass mix in one environment and had 25 % less weed biomass compared to switchgrass in another. No individual companion crop/bioenergy crop combination consistently yielded more perennial biomass or less weed biomass compared to unweeded controls across all environments; however, companion crops can supply marketable grain and biomass during the seeding year when planted with native perennial grasslands without decreasing perennial biomass yields in subsequent harvest years.
Children's Adaptive Behaviors: Measure and Source Generalizability:

This study examined the in- and out-of-school adaptive behavior of 154 randomly selected Black, Hispanic and White 7-year-old children. Six mea sures of adaptive behavior were used, two ad minister...
On the fixed interval due-date scheduling problem

Abstract We consider the nonpreemptive single machine scheduling problem with multiple due-dates (delivery dates), where the time between two consecutive due-dates is a constant. Given a set of jobs, we are interested in scheduling the jobs such that the sum of the total due-date cost and the total earliness cost is minimized with the constraint that each job must be finished at or before its due-date. We show that this problem is strongly NP-hard in general. We then analyze the problem where the number of due-dates is bounded by a given constant. We describe a pseudo-polynomial dynamic programming algorithm for this restricted problem. A heuristic is also provided and worst-case analysis is performed. An efficient algorithm is developed to solve the special case where all the job processing times are identical.
The isolation of oligogalacturonic acids by column chromatography

Abstract A series of oligogalacturonic acids, including di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octa-galacturonic acids and unsaturated di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentagalacturonic acids, were produced by enzymic cleavage of pectic acid and separated by ion exchange column chromatography. Evidence for their purity was presented.
The processing and encoding of information in the visual cortex

Our knowledge of the response properties of visual cortical neurons has increased steadily since the original studies of Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s. By comparison, an understanding of the neural mechanisms responsible for these properties has proved more elusive. Models for the mechanisms involved in even the most basic responses, such as the orientation tuning of simple cells in the primary visual cortex of the cat, remain controversial. Recent studies, however, are providing further support for a simple model (first suggested by Hubel and Wiesel), in which it is hypothesized that the response properties of simple cells in layer 4 of the cortex are dominated by the convergence of highly specific thalamic inputs.
Preparation of tris(η5-cyclopentadienylcobaltmonocarbonyl) cluster complex by a plasma technique

Abstract The glow discharge reaction of cyclopentadienyldicarbonylcobalt(I) CpCo(CO) 2 was carried out in an inductively coupled cylindrical reactor at various flow rates and rf power levels. The deposition rate at low ratios of power to flow rate (W/F) is highest near the monomer inlet; a relatively uniform deposition rate distribution is observed at higher values of W/F. This suggests a plasma reaction of relatively rapid kinetics occurring at low W/F but not at higher W/F. The product of this reaction deposited at the monomer inlet was analyzed by infrared and 1 Hnmr spectroscopy and was found to include the cluster complex tris(η 5 -cyclopentadienylcobaltmonocarbonyl), [CpCo(CO)] 3 . The maximum yield of [CpCo(CO)] 3 was obtained at the lowest W/F attainable with our reactor.
The distribution of cholinergic and adrenergic nerves in the mammalian epididymis a comparative histochemical study

The distribution of cholinergic and adrenergic nerves in the epididymis was studied in the dog, cat, rat and rabbit using specific histochemical techniques for acetylcholinesterase and norepinephrine. Both cholinergic and adrenergic nerves are associated with tunical, septal and interstitial blood vessels, run independently in the intertubular connective tissue, and surround the epididymal tubules. Throughout the epididymis there are rich adrenergic and cholinergic perivascular plexuses. The distribution and pattern of interstitial and peritubular cholinergic and adrenergic nerves vary in the three anatomical regions of the epididymis in different animals. In the dog and cat the nerves form plexuses in relation to the ductuli efferentes in the caput, and run as isolated fibers in the corpus epididymidis. In the rat and rabbit there are no interstitial or peritubular nerves in the caput and proximal part of the corpus and few nerves in the distal part of the corpus. The cauda epididymidis is the most richly innervated part of the epididymis. Both interstitial and peritubular cholinergic and adrenergic nerves form plexuses of nerve fibers and bundles, which progressively become more prominent and more intricate as the cauda is traced distally towards its junction with the vas deferens. These changes in innervation pattern follow the distalward increase in thickness of the muscular wall of the ductus epididymidis and are noted in all animals studied. Ganglia are encountered only in the caput epididymidis in the cat. Cholinergic and adrenergic epithelial fibers are present in the caput and cauda but not in the corpus epididymidis. In the cauda they penetrate through most of the thickness of the epithelium; the cholinergic fibers in this region form a loose intra-epithelial plexus.
Quantitative cerebrospinal fluid cytology in patients receiving intracavitary chemotherapy

Cytological evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important means of following response to intracavitary chemotherapy for leptomeningeal malignancy. We studied the feasibility of quantitative cytological evaluation by retrospective analysis of serial CSF specimens from 7 patients receiving phase I intracavitary chemotherapy for leptomeningeal malignancy who had persistent malignant cytology. Three to 34 CSF specimens per patient obtained over a 3- to 48-week period were reviewed. Significant (five- to 10-fold or greater) reductions in numbers of malignant cells in CSF during treatment could be identified in specimens otherwise diagnosed as positive. Quantitative CSF cytological evaluation is neither overly time consuming nor tedious to perform and may provide useful clinical information.
A nature-inspired Diels–Alder reaction facilitates construction of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane core of andibenin B

A rapid synthesis of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane core of andibenin B via a nature-inspired intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition is described. This cycloaddition permits the construction of a sterically congested bicycle and simultaneously establishes three new all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers in a highly efficient fashion.
Gender differences in the relation of hypertension to cognitive function in older adults

Here we examined potential interactive relations of hypertension and gender to cognitive function in 98 healthy, older adults (ages 55-83 years; 64% male; 92% White). After statistical adjustment for age and education, hypertensives performed significantly more poorly than normotensives on tests of motor speed and manual dexterity (p < 0.05). The adverse consequences of hypertension in older adults was more pronounced for female than male hypertensives on tests of delayed visual memory, visual attention and working memory, visuoconstructional ability, motor speed and manual dexterity for the non-dominant hand (p < 0.05); these are dimensions of performance for which female gender may be a relative disadvantage. The findings suggest the need to further examine subgroups that are vulnerable to the cognitive correlates of hypertension. The results also highlight the need for increased attention to blood pressure control in older adults for the preservation of cognitive function.
An Ultrastructural Characterization of in Vitro-Assembled hnRNP C Protein-RNA Complexes

In mammalian cells approximately 700 nucleotide lengths of pre-mRNA are packaged during transcription by a unique group of abundant nuclear proteins to form a repeating array of regular ribonucleoprotein complexes termed 30-40S heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNP particles). We have used electron microscopy to examine complexes that form when in vitro-transcribed RNA is bound by one of the purified native core-particle proteins which comprise the 40S monoparticle (the C protein tetramer). Negatively stained images of the C protein tetramer bound to particle-length RNA (700 nt) demonstrate that three tetramers bind each RNA molecule to form a stable closed triangular complex. The triangular complexes have an isosceles shape with a base of 18.0 nm and sides of 23.0 nm. When RNA molecules of 230 nt are used as substrates single tetramers bind to form complexes that appear as small rounded structures with an average diameter of 9.7 nm. Twice this length of RNA (456 nt) supports the assembly of mostly bilobed complexes that are 20.4 nm long and 11.8 nm wide. Images of the C protein-RNA complexes which assemble on 1400-nucleotide lengths of RNA (two particle lengths of RNA) clearly show complexes composed of two triangles while three-triangle complexes are seen when 2100-nt lengths of RNA are used as the assembly substrate. These ultrastructural results demonstrate that groups of three C protein tetramers combine with the length of RNA packaged in monoparticles to form a discreet triad structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Self‐correction patterns and metalinguistic awareness: a proposed typology for studying text‐processing strategies of proficient readers (Research Note)

Miscue analysis offers a number of possibilities for examining how second language (L2) readers process text. The present exploratory investigation of six case study subjects (bilingual 4th and 6th grade students, speakers of Spanish and Na??huatl from Central Mexico) seeks to develop a typology of one aspect of text processing that would be difficult to assess by other evaluation approaches that do not require oral reading: self-correction of reading miscues. In principle, different self-correction strategies should be related to broader tendencies in literacy development. For example, a more reflective and analytical posture toward language in general might be evidenced in self-corrections that are also more reflective and sensitive to sentence-level context constraints. In other words, readers who are more metalinguistically aware would also tend to monitor their own comprehension to a greater degree.
Grating-tuned, single-longitudinal-mode, diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser.

Single-longitudinal-mode output as great as 1 mJ has been obtained from a grating-tuned Nd:YVO4 laser pumped by a quasi-cw laser-diode array. A simple cavity design containing a diffraction grating at a high angle of incidence has permitted the output to be tuned over a wavelength range of greater than 1 nm. High optical losses at the grating are compensated for by use of a high-gain transverse pumping scheme and a single high-angle-of-incidence reflection within the Nd:YVO4 bar.
Efficacy of HLA-DRB1∗03:01 and H2E transgenic mouse strains to correlate pathogenic thyroglobulin epitopes for autoimmune thyroiditis

Thyroglobulin (Tg), a homodimer of 660 kD comprising 2748 amino acids, is the largest autoantigen known. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disease, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, has provided the impetus for identifying pathogenic T cell epitopes from human Tg over two decades. With no known dominant epitopes, the search has long been a challenge for investigators. After identifying HLA-DRB1∗03:01 (HLA-DR3) and H2E(b) as susceptibility alleles for Tg-induced experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in transgenic mouse strains, we searched for naturally processed T cell epitopes with MHC class II-binding motif anchors and tested the selected peptides for pathogenicity in these mice. The thyroiditogenicity of one peptide, hTg2079, was confirmed in DR3 transgenic mice and corroborated in clinical studies. In H2E(b)-expressing transgenic mice, we identified three T cell epitopes from mouse Tg, mTg179, mTg409 and mTg2342, based on homology to epitopes hTg179, hTg410 and hTg2344, respectively, which we and others have found stimulatory or pathogenic in both DR3- and H2E-expressing mice. The high homology among these peptides with shared presentation by DR3, H2E(b) and H2E(k) molecules led us to examine the binding pocket residues of these class II molecules. Their similar binding characteristics help explain the pathogenic capacity of these T cell epitopes. Our approach of using appropriate human and murine MHC class II transgenic mice, combined with the synthesis and testing of potential pathogenic Tg peptides predicted from computational models of MHC-binding motifs, should continue to provide insights into human autoimmune thyroid disease.
The molecular basis of growthhormone action

Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular actions of growth hormone, a major regulator of somatic growth and metabolic functions. The cell surface growth hormone receptor, a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily, binds as a dimer to a single growth hormone molecule. Receptor dimerization precedes signal transduction, which is predominantly mediated by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Jak2. Activation of Jak2 leads to mitogenic proliferation, phosphorylation of intracellular proteins, MAP kinase activation, activation of Stats 1, 3, and 5, and induction of target gene expression. Specific cytoplasmic domains of the growth hormone receptor mediate Jak2 activation, metabolic actions of growth hormone, Stat activation, and calcium influx.
The Putative Membrane Anchor Protein for Yeast Sec7p Recruitment

Proteins required for yeast secretory pathway function have been identified by genetic selection and characterization of the temperature-sensitive secretory (sec) mutants. The use of genetic and biochemical approaches has expanded the catalog of components of the secretory pathway, yet many proteins, especially membrane and lumenal proteins, remain to be identified. Sec7p, one of the original SEC gene products to be described, is required at multiple stages of the yeast secretory pathway in the coating of transport vesicles. A chemical cross-linking approach was used to identify proteins associated with Sec7p protein complexes from yeast cell lysates. A 90 kDa integral membrane protein (p90) was isolated whose interactions with Sec7p were reproduced in the absence of chemical cross-linking. Further biochemical analysis indicated that p90 may act as the anchor protein for Sec7p membrane recruitment in transport vesicle assembly.
GELATIN—ITS USEFULNESS AND TOXICITY BLOOD PROTEIN PRODUCTION IMPAIRED BY CONTINUED GELATIN BY VEIN

Gelatin given by vein to doubly depleted dogs (anemic and hypoproteinemic) gives no immediate toxic response, no anaphylactoid reactions, and may contribute something to the building of new hemoglobin and plasma protein. Gelatin given by vein during 1 to 2 weeks (total 3 to 17 gm. per kilo) usually causes serious disturbances-inhibition of blood protein production, signs of intoxication, much weight loss, and even death. Gelatin given by vein for 2 to 3 days (total 1 to 3 gm. per kilo) may not cause any recognizable abnormalities, but dogs vary greatly in their response to gelatin by vein. Some dogs may tolerate a total of 7 gm. per kilo without significant disturbance and other dogs may be seriously intoxicated by 2 to 3 gm. per kilo. No one can predict which animal will be least tolerant. Some experiments with gelatin by vein for 2 to 3 days (total gelatin 1 to 2 gm. per kilo) given with and followed by amino acids or casein digests do show absence of intoxication and ample production of new hemoglobin and plasma protein during the weeks following the injection of gelatin. This may suggest possible usefulness of gelatin with amino acids or casein digests in acute emergencies (shock, hemorrhage). These doubly depleted dogs are very susceptible to various injurious agents as compared to normal dogs. They may serve as sensitive testing machines for evaluating plasma substitutes. Where the gelatin by vein inflicts its damage is not clear and there is little if any significant histological evidence but the disturbance of blood protein production implicates the liver. Gelatin of smaller molecular weight (degraded by autoclaving) is no less toxic than the standard gelatin. Gelatin by mouth may contribute to but cannot alone support the production of new hemoglobin and plasma protein. Gelatin by vein has definite limitations in dogs and, by implication, when used in human cases the amount given should be very carefully watched.
Hydrolysis, adsorption, and dynamics of silane coupling agents on silica surfaces

The hydrolysis of alkoxysilane coupling agents has been followed using proton NMR. The disappearance of the silane ester and the appearance of the alkoxy group were observed to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. The apparent rate constant was found to be dependent on the concentration of the silane coupling agent and the pH. The adsorption of the coupling agents onto Cab-O-Sil silica was quantified using FT-IR spectroscopy. It was found that monolayer coverage was obtained with about 0.65 mmol/100 m2. Solid-state deuterium NMR was used to probe the behavior of the coupling agent on the silica. The coupling agents adsorbed on the surface from deuterated aminopropyltriethoxysilane (DAPES) and deuterated aminobutyltriethoxysilane (DABES) showed similar motional characteristics. In contrast, the mobility of condensed polymers from DABES was much less restricted than that from DAPES. The amount of hydrolysis in acetone-water mixtures increased the amount of surface-adsorbed material and lessened surface mobil...
Inhibition by N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene of incorporation of (5-3H)orotic acid into RNA of two classes of nuclei from normal and regenerating liver.

Abstract Two classes of nuclei were isolated from normal and regenerating liver and the incorporation of [5- 3 H]orotic acid into ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and heterogeneous RNA (HnRNA) from these nuclei were measured. The percentage increase in labeling of rRNA and HnRNA at 20 h after partial hepatectomy was 50% greater in nuclei-II in comparison to nuclei-I. The distribution of radioactivity in rRNA and HnRNA between normal and regenerating liver was not markedly different, although significantly greater concentrations of rRNA were found in nuclei-I during liver regeneration. Treatment of sham-operated and partially hepatectomized animals with the hepatocarcinogen, N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, resulted in approximately the same degree of inhibition of RNA synthesis in both classes of nuclei.
Characterizing the Effects of Heavy Metal and Vibrio Exposure on Hsp70 Expression in Crassostrea gigas Gill Tissue

ABSTRACT The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is an intertidal bivalve mollusc that inhabits several continents. Similar to other shellfish, the Pacific oyster is considered an important bioindicator species. One way to assess environmental perturbations is to examine an organism's stress response. Molecular chaperones, including heat shock proteins, are common targets when evaluating an organism's response to environmental stress. In this study, oysters were exposed to copper and the bacterium Vibrio tubiashii to characterize how these environmental stressors influence Hsp70 gene and protein expression. Bacterial exposure did not affect Hsp70 expression, whereas copper exposure changed both transcript and protein levels significantly. Interestingly, copper exposure increased gene expression and decreased protein levels when compared with controls. The dynamics of Hsp70 regulation observed here provide important insight into heavy metal exposure and heat shock protein levels in oysters, highlighting con...
ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS BY A RADIOCHEMICAL METHOD ON SMOOTH ELECTRODE SURFACES

Abstract The determination of adsorbate surface concentration and its dependence on fundamental electrochemical variables is of paramount importance in studies of electrode processes, electrocatalysis and corrosion. In this paper we review the current status of a radiotracer method that permits measurements of adsorbate surface concentrations on surfaces of smooth solid electrodes of a convenient size and thickness. Several examples are presented of the most representative measurements carried out with polycrystalline platinum, gold and copper electrodes, and with platinum single-crystal electrodes. We discuss the interdependences between surface concentrations and voltammetric currents, and provide detailed characteristics of the molecular adsorption of pyridine and the anionic adsorption of sulfate on a clean and an admetal-covered electrode surfaces. We also report on a new all-glass cell design that facilitates cleaning and a convenient observation of the cell interior during measurements. We believe that the performance of this method, and the cell design concepts, have been verified to the point that the technique can now be recommended for broader use, especially in applied electrochemistry where coverage measurements are essential and the need for a spectroscopic focus is less apparent. However, since possibilities for joint radioanalytical and spectroscopic measurements are numerous, the resulting complementary interpretation may contribute equally effectively to both fundamental and applied electrochemical surface science.
Genetics of neural tube defects.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common congenital malformations that occur when the embryonic neural tube fails to close properly during early development. Although multifactorial in origin, NTDs appear to have a strong genetic component. Mouse NTD mutants provide useful models for the study of candidate genes involved in neural tube development and closure. Because maternal nutrition, specifically folate supplementation, is a significant modulator of NTD risk, genes involved in folate transport and metabolism are a focus of investigation. In addition, transcription factors, as well as genes involved in mitosis, actin regulation, and methylation, appear to be implicated in the causes of NTDs. The heterogeneity of function of candidate genes suggests that alterations in multiple developmental pathways may lead to the same clinical malformation.
Secure Content Sniffing for Web Browsers, or How to Stop Papers from Reviewing Themselves

Cross-site scripting defenses often focus on HTML documents, neglecting attacks involving the browser's content-sniffing algorithm, which can treat non-HTML content as HTML. Web applications, such as the one that manages this conference, must defend themselves against these attacks or risk authors uploading malicious papers that automatically submit stellar self-reviews. In this paper, we formulate content-sniffing XSS attacks and defenses. We study content-sniffing XSS attacks systematically by constructing high-fidelity models of the content-sniffing algorithms used by four major browsers. We compare these models with Web site content filtering policies to construct attacks. To defend against these attacks, we propose and implement a principled content-sniffing algorithm that provides security while maintaining compatibility. Our principles have been adopted, in part, by Internet Explorer 8 and, in full, by Google Chrome and the HTML 5 working group.
Implications from neurologic assessment of brain protection for total arch replacement from a randomized trial

Abstract Objective The study objective was to perform a randomized trial of brain protection during total aortic arch replacement and identify the best way to assess brain injury. Methods From June 2003 to January 2010, 121 evaluable patients were randomized to retrograde (n = 60) or antegrade (n = 61) brain perfusion during hypothermic circulatory arrest. We assessed the sensitivity of clinical neurologic evaluation, brain imaging, and neurocognitive testing performed preoperatively and 4 to 6 months postoperatively to detect brain injury. Results A total of 29 patients (24%) experienced neurologic events. Clinical stroke was evident in 1 patient (0.8%), and visual changes were evident in 2 patients; all had brain imaging changes. A total of 14 of 95 patients (15%) undergoing both preoperative and postoperative brain imaging had evidence of new white or gray matter changes; 10 of the 14 patients had neurocognitive testing, but only 2 patients experienced decline. A total of 17 of 96 patients (18%) undergoing both preoperative and postoperative neurocognitive testing manifested declines of 2 or more reliable change indexes; of these 17, 11 had neither imaging changes nor clinical events. Thirty-day mortality was 0.8% (1/121), with no neurologic deaths and a similar prevalence of neurologic events after retrograde and antegrade brain perfusion (22/60, 37% and 15/61, 25%, respectively; P = .2). Conclusions Although this randomized clinical trial revealed similar neurologic outcomes after retrograde or antegrade brain perfusion for total aortic arch replacement, clinical examination for postprocedural neurologic events is insensitive, brain imaging detects more events, and neurocognitive testing detects even more. Future neurologic assessments for cardiovascular procedures should include not only clinical examination but also brain imaging studies, neurocognitive testing, and long-term assessment.
A Low Cost Built-In Self-Test Circuit for High-Speed Source Synchronous Memory Interfaces

A built-in self-test (BIST) for testing high speed source-synchronous memory interfaces has been designed using 0.18-um TSMC process. To overcome limitations of the resolution and the accuracy in low-cost automated test equipment (ATE), a cycle-by-cycle controllable embedded pattern generator in the proposed BIST scheme is presented to specify performance-related I/O parameters. Using this method, the I/O parameters affected by the internal and the external mismatches are investigated by measuring the relative timing differences between the data lines and the strobe signal. The measurement results are monitored with low frequency output by using dividers and the embedded pattern generator. The advantage of this low cost approach is that it does not require ATE to access high frequency signals for testing. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to verify the circuit operations, and the experimental results show the measurement of I/O parameters for a 1.6Gbps memory system.
‘The Twelve Tribes in the Diaspora’ (James 1.1)

Dale Allison is right to assert that ‘the twelve tribes in the Diaspora’ invokes Jewish ideas about the Ten Lost Tribes, but wrong to disassociate this thesis from the scholarly consensus that the pseudepigraphal author sees the church as Israel. For James, rather, the restored Israel consists of members of the Two Tribes of Judah and Benjamin (= Jewish Christians) plus members of the Ten Tribes. The latter, rather than being far away in some mythical, inaccessible realm, have been living since the Assyrian invasion in known Diaspora realms, where they lost their Israelite identity until it was reawakened by their recent encounter with the Gospel. Gentiles who respond positively to the Christian message, then, are for James the Ten Lost Tribes.
Linear phenol–formaldehyde polymers. Synthesis of partially substituted polymers

Reaction of 2,6-bis-(chloromethyl)-4-chlorophenol with p-cresol provided a convenient synthesis of 2,6-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-chlorophenol. Condensation of formaldehyde with this trimer alone and in the presence of controlled amounts of p-cresol made possible the synthesis of linear p-cresol–p-chlorophenol–formaldehyde polymers having 1,2, and 4 p-chloro substituents per 12 phenolic residues. Treatment with sodium in liquid ammonia gave the corresponding dehalogenated polymers. Crosslinking of the latter with hexamethylenetetramine was studied. Both series of polymers were characterized by infrared spectra.
Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade

The general approach to pericardial effusion once it is recognized includes establishing the cause of pericardial disease and assessing its hemodynamic significance.
Evolution of the Mating Type Locus: Insights Gained from the Dimorphic Primary Fungal Pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii

Sexual reproduction of fungi is governed by the mating type (MAT) locus, a specialized region of the genome encoding key transcriptional regulators that direct regulatory networks to specify cell identity and fate. Knowledge of MAT locus structure and evolution has been considerably advanced in recent years as a result of genomic analyses that enable the definition of MAT locus sequences in many species as well as provide an understanding of the evolutionary plasticity of this unique region of the genome. Here, we extend this analysis to define the mating type locus of three dimorphic primary human fungal pathogens, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, and Coccidioides posadasii, using genomic analysis, direct sequencing, and bioinformatics. These studies provide evidence that all three species possess heterothallic bipolar mating type systems, with isolates encoding either a high-mobility-group (HMG) domain or an alpha-box transcriptional regulator. These genes are intact in all loci examined and have not been subject to loss or decay, providing evidence that the loss of fertility upon passage inH. capsulatum is not attributable to mutations at the MAT locus. These findings also suggest that an extant sexual cycle remains to be defined in both Coccidioides species, in accord with population genetic evidence. Based on these MAT sequences, a facile PCR test was developed that allows the mating type to be rapidly ascertained. Finally, these studies highlight the evolutionary forces shaping the MAT locus, revealing examples in which flanking genes have been inverted or subsumed and incorporated into an expanding MAT locus, allowing us to propose an expanded model for the evolution of the MAT locus in the phylum Ascomycota.