cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SPEECH DELAY IN SEVEN SIBLINGS WITH UNUSUAL SOUND PREFERENCES

By the age of 8 years, children who are developing normally show almost adult speech skills. Children with serious phonological disorders, however, may exhibit significant differences in development well beyond the age of 8 years with little or no improvement in speech if therapy is not provided. This is a descriptive study of seven siblings, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years of age who had never attended school or received speech therapy until these ages. All of the children exhibited moderate to severe speech disorder with no evidence of predisposing genetic factors, hearing loss, physical abuse, or prenatal drug exposure. These cases, which would obviously be impossible to duplicate in a controlled study, provide strong support for the efficacy of speech therapy. Children with serious speech delays will not improve appreciably without direct intervention.
Data Analysis for Dynamic Pricing in Airline: The Role of Tactical Pricing

The competitors in the airline industry often rely on pricing strategy to capture more sales as a main mean of competition. Thus, dynamic pricing is often utilized to maximize profit while allowing better pricing against competition at the same time. In order for dynamic pricing to be effective, airline company has to take in consideration both internal and external information. Tactical pricing is an important component for airline, for it provides both short term and long term strategies to ticket pricing. The case is an exemplification of how tactical pricing plays an important role in the decision making process of an airline company.
Stronger laws are needed to protect teens from indoor tanning.

* Abbreviations: FDA — : US Food and Drug Administration The article by Balaraman et al1 in this issue of Pediatrics examines practices of indoor tanning facilities in Missouri, 1 of 17 states with no regulations regarding minors’ use of these facilities. More than two-thirds of respondents working at the facilities stated that they would allow children as young as 10 to 12 years old to tan, some without parental consent. More than 40% claimed that there were no tanning-associated health risks. The study’s findings are alarming but unfortunately not surprising given that there is no law in Missouri protecting minors from indoor tanning. Indoor (“artificial”) tanning is a $5 billion dollar industry with 19 000 freestanding salons employing 160 000 individuals.2 Tanning is inexpensive. Access is easy with more tanning salons in an average city than Starbucks or McDonald’s.3 Tanning is especially popular with teenage girls and young women. Data from the national 2009 Youth Risk Behavior Survey show that 15.6% of high school students (including 25.4% of girls) used an indoor tanning device ≥1 times in the past year; 49% of all patrons (especially female and … Address correspondence to Sophie J. Balk, MD, 1621 Eastchester Rd, Bronx, NY 10461. E-mail: sbalk{at}montefiore.org
Framing attention in Japanese and american comics: cross-cultural differences in attentional structure.

Research on visual attention has shown that Americans tend to focus more on focal objects of a scene while Asians attend to the surrounding environment. The panels of comic books— the narrative frames in sequential images—highlight aspects of a scene comparably to how attention becomes focused on parts of a spatial array. Thus, we compared panels from American and Japanese comics to explore cross-cultural cognition beyond behavioral experimentation by looking at the expressive mediums produced by individuals from these cultures. This study compared the panels of two genres of American comics (Independent and Mainstream comics) with mainstream Japanese “manga” to examine how different cultures and genres direct attention through the framing of figures and scenes in comic panels. Both genres of American comics focused on whole scenes as much as individual characters, while Japanese manga individuated characters and parts of scenes. We argue that this framing of space from American and Japanese comic books simulate a viewer’s integration of a visual scene, and is consistent with the research showing cross-cultural differences in the direction of attention.
Carotid endarterectomy with adjunctive cephalad carotid stenting: Complementary, not competitive, techniques.

Objective Stenosis of the cephalad internal carotid artery (ICA) can present a challenge, making it difficult to obtain a technically satisfying distal end point during endarterectomy. Surgical revision of distal defects can be difficult and yield unsatisfactory results. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative carotid stenting as an adjunct to endarterectomy to salvage technical defects identified at the cephalad ICA endarterectomy site. Methods Between January 2001 and February 2008, 14 patients were found to have technical defects located at the cephalad ICA endarterectomy site on intraoperative completion arteriogram. All defects were treated with adjunctive carotid stenting. Patient age ranged from 53 to 84 years (mean, 69 years). Indications for surgery were asymptomatic stenosis (nine), amaurosis fugax (two), and cerebrovascular accident (three). Operative time ranged from 2 to 5 hours (mean, 2.5 hours). Cervical block was used in all but two patients who received general anesthesia. Results Technically satisfying results with stenting were achieved in all 14 patients. One patient suffered a perioperative transient ischemic attack; however, neurologic symptoms were noted before placement of the stent in this patient. There were no stent-related complications. All stents remained patent on duplex follow-up averaging 18 months. Conclusion Intraoperative salvage carotid stenting is an effective and safe adjunct to endarterectomy when unsatisfactory technical defects are identified at the cephalad ICA endarterectomy site.
In vivo regulation of PECAM-1 activity during acute endothelial dysfunction in the rat mesenteric microvasculature.

The relationship between acute endothe- lial dysfunction and the extravasation of leukocytes was studied in vivo with intravital microscopy of the rat mesenteric microvasculature. Acute endothelial dysfunction of the rat mesenteric microvasculature was induced in vivo by superfusing the mesentery for 90 min with one of three different stimulating agents: N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 50 µM), thrombin (0.5 U/mL), or hydrogen perox- ide (H2O2, 50 µM). All three agents induced a similar increase in leukocyte rolling and adher- ence, which was significantly greater than that observed in control rats superfused with Krebs- Henseleit solution (P F 0.01). Transendothelial migration of leukocytes into the perivascular space was also increased by superfusion with L-NAME, thrombin, or H2O2. However, there was a greater increase in the number of migrated leukocytes in the rat mesentery after L-NAME and H2O2 superfu- sion than that observed during thrombin superfu- sion. In vivo infusion of a neutralizing antibody against platelet-endothelial cell adhesion mol- ecule-1 (PECAM-1) specifically inhibited L-NAME- induced and H2O2-induced migration of leukocytes but did not prevent extravasation of leukocytes induced by thrombin. In rat mesenteries super- fused with the three different stimuli, immunohisto- chemical analysis of endothelial cell adhesion mol- ecules expressed on the microvascular endothelium revealed a significant increase of ICAM-1, but not PECAM-1, endothelial cell surface expression (P F 0.01 and P G 0.05 vs. control rats, respectively). Our data confirm a key role for PECAM-1 acutely in leukocyte extravasation in vivo and indicate that the involvement of constitutively expressed PECAM-1 in leukocyte transendothelial migration is preferentially correlated to oxidative stress- related stimuli in the microvascular endothelium. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 163-169; 1998.
A Simple Technique for Creating Regional Composites of Sea Surface Temperature from MODIS for Use in Operational Mesoscale NWP

This paper describes a simple technique for creating regional, high-resolution, daytime and nighttime composites of sea surface temperature (SST) for use in operational numerical weather prediction (NWP). The composites are based on observations from NASA s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard Aqua and Terra. The data used typically are available nearly in real time, are applicable anywhere on the globe, and are capable of roughly representing the diurnal cycle in SST. The composites resolution is much higher than that of many other standard SST products used for operational NWP, including the low- and high-resolution Real-Time Global (RTG) analyses. The difference in resolution is key because several studies have shown that highly resolved SSTs are important for driving the air sea interactions that shape patterns of static stability, vertical and horizontal wind shear, and divergence in the planetary boundary layer. The MODIS-based composites are compared to in situ observations from buoys and other platforms operated by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) off the coasts of New England, the mid-Atlantic, and Florida. Mean differences, mean absolute differences, and root-mean-square differences between the composites and the NDBC observations are all within tenths of a degree of those calculated between RTG analyses and the NDBC observations. This is true whether or not one accounts for the mean offset between the skin temperatures of the MODIS dataset and the bulk temperatures of the NDBC observations and RTG analyses. Near the coast, the MODIS-based composites tend to agree more with NDBC observations than do the RTG analyses. The opposite is true away from the coast. All of these differences in point-wise comparisons among the SST datasets are small compared to the 61.08C accuracy of the NDBC SST sensors. Because skin-temperature variations from land to water so strongly affect the development and life cycle of the sea breeze, this phenomenon was chosen for demonstrating the use of the MODIS-based composite in an NWP model. A simulated sea breeze in the vicinity of New York City and Long Island shows a small, net, but far from universal improvement when MODIS-based composites are used in place of RTG analyses. The timing of the sea breeze s arrival is more accurate at some stations, and the near-surface temperature, wind, and humidity within the breeze are more realistic.
Beyond the PhD: putting the right tools in your research toolbox.

Postdoctoral training is vital to a successful career for nurse researchers with a biological or biobehavioral focus. Such training provides structured time to devote to gaining substantive knowledge, expanding one’s biological-methods repertoire, and writing grants. However, for unknown reasons, relatively few nurses pursue postdoctoral training. A few plausible explanations include a near critical shortage of nursing faculty coupled with an aging population in need of health care, a lack of available mentoring for predoctoral students to pursue postdoctoral training, and the difficulty of navigating the process of finding and choosing the right match for a postdoctoral experience. The purposes of this article are to provide a rationale for choosing postdoctoral training, review common fellowship opportunities, and discuss the process of finding and choosing the right match for postdoctoral training. The authors provide two prospective plans for postdoctoral training and include a plan for staying on track during the postdoctoral experience.
Short Term Link Performance Modeling for ML Receivers with Mutual Information per Bit Metrics

Link performance abstraction with simplified models that accurately capture the decoded receiver performance under fading channels has several applications. Such models help a receiver estimate a channel and map them to a performance metric, which allows it to select and recommend a preferred mode of transmission. In addition, these models capture the short term performance characteristics of link layer which can be used in system level studies. Mutual information metrics based on bit channels have been shown to give good performance prediction . In this paper, this approach is generalized by considering conditional PDFs of log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of these bit channels. A novel and key contribution of this paper is deriving mutual information per bit (MIB) metrics that capture the performance of non-linear receivers like maximum-likelihood (ML) receiver. These are expressed as simple parameterized functions of the channel matrix, which can be evaluated with low complexity in a system simulation. Numerical results are presented verifying the prediction accuracy of the proposed models. The corresponding methodology and the functions used are provided, which are applicable to WiMAX communication system evaluation.
Third- and fourth-order active dispersion compensation with a phase modulator in a terabit-per-second optical time-division multiplexed transmission.

Broadening of the pulse waveforms by the higher-order dispersion of a transmission line is a critical limiting factor in achieving terabit-per-second optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) transmission with femtosecond pulses. We show that the third- and fourth-order dispersion of a transmission line can be simultaneously compensated for by use of a phase modulator. In this method, sinusoidal phase modulation applied to the linearly chirped pulse before transmission compensates for the phase shift caused by the third- and fourth-order dispersion of the transmission line. The pulse broadening of a 380-fs pulse after a 70-km transmission in a 1.28‐Tbit/s OTDM experiment was as small as 20 fs.
Latent semantic analysis for multiple-type interrelated data objects

Co-occurrence data is quite common in many real applications. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) has been successfully used to identify semantic relations in such data. However, LSA can only handle a single co-occurrence relationship between two types of objects. In practical applications, there are many cases where multiple types of objects exist and any pair of these objects could have a pairwise co-occurrence relation. All these co-occurrence relations can be exploited to alleviate data sparseness or to represent objects more meaningfully. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, M-LSA, which conducts latent semantic analysis by incorporating all pairwise co-occurrences among multiple types of objects. Based on the mutual reinforcement principle, M-LSA identifies the most salient concepts among the co-occurrence data and represents all the objects in a unified semantic space. M-LSA is general and we show that several variants of LSA are special cases of our algorithm. Experiment results show that M-LSA outperforms LSA on multiple applications, including collaborative filtering, text clustering, and text categorization.
Tissue-engineered blood vessels as promising tools for testing drug toxicity

Drug-induced vascular injury (DIVI) is a serious problem in preclinical studies of vasoactive molecules and for survivors of pediatric cancers. DIVI is often observed in rodents and some larger animals, primarily with drugs affecting vascular tone, but not in humans; however, DIVI observed in animal studies often precludes a drug candidate from continuing along the development pipeline. Thus, there is great interest by the pharmaceutical industry to identify quantifiable human biomarkers of DIVI. Small-scale endothelialized tissue-engineered blood vessels using human cells represent a promising approach to screen drug candidates and develop alternatives to cancer therapeutics in vitro. We identify several technical challenges that remain to be addressed, including high-throughput systems to screen large numbers of candidates, identification of suitable cell sources and establishing and maintaining a differentiated state of the vessel wall cells. Adequately addressing these challenges should yield novel platforms to screen drugs and develop new therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease.
Evidence-based treatment practices for drug-involved adults in the criminal justice system.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the extent and organizational correlates of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in correctional facilities and community-based substance abuse treatment programs that manage drug-involved adult offenders. Methods: Correctional administrators and treatment program directors affiliated with a national sample of 384 criminal justice and community-based programs providing substance abuse treatment to adult offenders in the United States were surveyed in 2004. Correctional administrators reported the availability of up to 13 specified EBPs, and treatment directors up to 15. The sum total of EBPs indicates their extent. Linear models regress the extent of EBPs on variables measuring structure and leadership, culture and climate, administrator attitudes, and network connectedness of the organization. Results: Most programs offer fewer than 60% of the specified EBPs to drug-involved offenders. In multiple regression models, offender treatment programs that provided more EBPs were community based, accredited, and network connected, with a performance-oriented, nonpunitive culture, more training resources, and leadership with a background in human services, a high regard for the value of substance abuse treatment, and an understanding of EBPs. Conclusions: The use of EBPs among facility- and community-based programs that serve drug-involved adult offenders has room for improvement. Initiatives to disseminate EBPs might target these institutional and environmental domains, but further research is needed to determine whether such organization interventions can promote the uptake of EBPs. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Optical spectroscopy of graphene: From the far infrared to the ultraviolet

The unique electronic structure of graphene leads to several distinctive optical properties. In this brief review, we outline the current understanding of two general aspects of optical response of graphene: optical absorption and light emission. We show that optical absorption in graphene is dominated by intraband transitions at low photon energies (in the far-infrared spectral range) and by interband transitions at higher energies (from mid-infrared to ultraviolet). We discuss how the intraband and interband transitions in graphene can be modified through electrostatic gating. We describe plasmonic resonances arising from the free-carrier (intraband) response and excitonic effects that are manifested in the interband absorption. Light emission, the reverse process of absorption, is weak in graphene due to the absence of a band gap. We show that photoluminescence from hot electrons can, however, become observable either through femtosecond laser excitation or strong electrostatic gating.
Prevalence and management of coronary chronic total occlusions in a tertiary veterans affairs hospital

Objectives We sought to determine the contemporary prevalence and management of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) in a veteran population. Background The prevalence and management of CTOs in various populations has received limited study. Methods We collected clinical and angiographic data in consecutive patients that underwent coronary angiography at our institution between January 2011 and December 2012. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as ≥50% diameter stenosis in ≥1 coronary artery. CTO was defined as total coronary artery occlusion of ≥3 month duration. Results Among 1,699 patients who underwent angiography during the study period, 20% did not have CAD, 20% had CAD and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), and 60% had CAD but no prior CABG. The prevalence of CTO among CAD patients with and without prior CABG was 89 and 31%, respectively. Compared to patients without CTO, CTO patients had more co-morbidities, more extensive CAD and were more frequently referred for CABG. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to any vessel was performed with similar frequency in patients with and without CTO (50% vs. 53%). CTO PCI was performed in 30% of patients without and 15% of patients with prior CABG with high technical (82 and 75%, respectively) and procedural success rates (80 and 73%, respectively). Conclusions In a contemporary veteran population, coronary CTOs are highly prevalent and are associated with more extensive co-morbidities and higher likelihood for CABG referral. PCI was equally likely to be performed in patients with and without CTO. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of footwear on multi-segment foot kinematics during running

Background Footwear is intended to prevent lower extremity injuries caused by excessive foot-ground impacts and faulty mechanics. However, no clear relationship between shoe habits and injury risk has been established [1]. Many studies have examined barefoot versus shod running kinematics, but the results have been equivocal [2,3]. A factor in the inconsistent results could be the relationship between foot structure and function. For example, Cobb et al. demonstrated significant walking gait kinematic differences between participants with typical and low arch foot structures using a multi-segment foot model [4]. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of footwear on multi-segment foot kinematics during running in participants with low arch structure.
Infection Control and the Home Care Environment

Introduction: The epidemiology of multidrug-resistant organisms is changing as evidenced by a shift to the community. Hospitalized patients are admitted to home health care with multidrug-resistant organisms. Numerous states have reported an increased incidence of community-acquired infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms where reportedly no exposure to antibiotics or health care in the 3 months before symptom onset occurred. Method: A cohort research design with four separate home care agencies and a total of 127 nurses’ bags were cultured. Conclusions: The present study hypothesizes that the implementation of infection prevention and control strategies including education and training on proper hand hygiene and appropriate decontamination of high-touch surfaces (nurses’ bags) will interrupt the chain of transmission. Hand hygiene practices and environmental disinfection methods differ for Clostridium difficile than for other multidrug-resistant organisms, underscoring the need for addressing ...
Practical methods for improving dose distributions in Monte Carlo-based IMRT planning of lung wall-seated tumors treated with SBRT

Current commercially available planning systems with Monte Carlo (MC)-based final dose calculation in IMRT planning employ pencil-beam (PB) algorithms in the optimization process. Consequently, dose coverage for SBRT lung plans can feature cold-spots at the interface between lung and tumor tissue. For lung wall (LW)-seated tumors, there can also be hot spots within nearby normal organs (example: ribs). This study evaluated two different practical approaches to limiting cold spots within the target and reducing high doses to surrounding normal organs in MC-based IMRT planning of LW-seated tumors. First, “iterative reoptimization”, where the MC calculation (with PB-based optimization) is initially performed. The resultant cold spot is then contoured and used as a simultaneous boost volume. The MC-based dose is then recomputed. The second technique uses noncoplanar beam angles with limited path through lung tissue. Both techniques were evaluated against a conventional coplanar beam approach with a single MC calculation. In all techniques the prescription dose was normalized to cover 95% of the PTV. Fifteen SBRT lung cases with LW-seated tumors were planned. The results from iterative reoptimization showed that conformity index (CI) and/or PTV dose uniformity (UPTV) improved in 12/15 plans. Average improvement was 13%, and 24%, respectively. Nonimproved plans had PTVs near the skin, trachea, and/or very small lung involvement. The maximum dose to 1cc volume (D1cc) of surrounding OARs decreased in 14/15 plans (average 10%). Using noncoplanar beams showed an average improvement of 7% in 10/15 cases and 11% in 5/15 cases for CI and UPTV, respectively. The D1cc was reduced by an average of 6% in 10/15 cases to surrounding OARs. Choice of treatment planning technique did not statistically significantly change lung V5. The results showed that the proposed practical approaches enhance dose conformity in MC-based IMRT planning of lung tumors treated with SBRT, improving target dose coverage and potentially reducing toxicities to surrounding normal organs.
Synthesis and Dilute Solution Characterization of Extended Chain Poly(Benzazoles)

This paper reports the synthesis method for polymerizaing poly(2,6-benzothiazole) (ABPBT) and poly(2,5-benzoxazole) (ABPBO), and their dilute solution properties using low angle light scattering and viscometry. Our data indicate that the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada exponents for these extended-chain polymers are near unity, suggesting a semi-rigid conformation in dilute solutions. The solution properties agree well with the Yamakawa-Fujii worm-like chain model when persistence lengths of 130 A and 90 A are assumed for ABPBT and ABPBO, respectively. These values of persistence length are also in good agreement with those predicted by Flory’s virtual bond model using information on the molecular geometries taken from x-ray crystallographic data on oriented fibers of ABPBT and ABPBO.
Near-time optimal path planning using potential functions

A potential based method for generating near time optimal paths of manipulators moving in the presence of obstacles is presented. The potential function consists of the navigation function for obstacle avoidance and acceleration potentials that force the path to maximize the acceleration and deceleration near the end points. The parameters of the potential functions are selected to guarantee a unique minimum that coincides with the destination point. The path of minimum potential from the initial point avoids obstacles as well as maximizes the initial acceleration and the final deceleration. The method is demonstrated for a two link planar manipulator, generating paths with optimal motion times substantially lower than those generated by the navigation function alone. >
Crime, protection, and incarceration

Criminals impose costs on society that go beyond the direct losses suffered by their victims; crime casts a shadow of uncertainty over our daily economic and social activities. Consequently, individuals and society as a whole choose to direct resources to crime prevention. In this study we analyze a virtual society facing such choices. Individuals, neighborhoods, and cities make crime prevention decisions and adjust their decisions over time as they attempt to balance the cost of crime with the cost of fighting it. The society that ultimately emerges exhibits aggregate criminal characteristics that mimic patterns of crime observable in the natural world. We then use this virtual society to conduct a series of anti-crime policy experiments, the results of which illustrate how different approaches to crime protection and incarceration can vary in their efficiency at reducing crime. As expected, more effective anti-crime measures tend to reduce crime, but the impact of prison is less clear. The model suggests that throwing more criminals into prison may reduce crime in the short run but may actually increase it in the long run.
Differences in arterial and venous thromboelastography parameters: potential roles of shear stress and oxygen content.

Abstract Objective: To investigate potential mechanisms for the differences in thromboelastography variables observed between arterial blood samples and venous blood samples. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: University hospital. Participants: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery (n = 33). Interventions: After the withdrawal of 10 mL of discarded blood (>3 deadspace volumes), 3 blood samples were withdrawn simultaneously from the central venous port of the pulmonary artery catheter (CVP), the radial arterial catheter (ART), and the side port of the 9F sheath introducer (SI). Measurements and Main Results: Thromboelastography was done simultaneously on each sample. All thromboelastography analyses were performed with 1% celite and heparinase according to the manufacturer's guidelines. A total of 80 ART, SI, and CVP comparisons were obtained. Mean hematocrit values were not different between sampling sites (27 ± 4 v 27 ± 4 v 27 ± 3). Thromboelastography R time values (mean ± SD) were CVP, 8 ± 3; ART, 10 ± 3; and SI, 13 ± 5 (p = 0.004). Thromboelastography maximal amplitude (MA) values (mean ± SD) were CVP, 60.4 ± 11.7; ART, 56.2 ± 11.4; and SI, 50.5 ± 13.2 (p = 0.008). Calculated maximal shear stresses were CVP, 48 dyne/cm2; ART, 36 dyne/cm2; and SI, 0.3 dyne/cm2. Blood samples obtained from the CVP (highest shear stress) resulted in faster (shorter R) and stronger (larger MA) coagulation compared with the arterial site (intermediate shear stress) and sheath introducer (lowest shear stress). Conclusion: These data show that differences exist in thromboelastography values between arterial and venous blood samples and, more importantly, show that the differences observed are not related to differences in oxygen content. These differences seem to be related to differences in catheter lumen diameter and, presumably, shear forces. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Gender as a moderator variable in the relationship between an intrinsic motivation scale and short-term novelty in children.

Harter's (1980) Intrinsic-Extrinsic Orientation scale was examined for evidence of empirical and construct validity. We hypothesized that subscales defining the motivational component of intrinsic motivation would be correlated with novelty, a collative motivational variable. Partial support for the hypothesis was obtained for boys; correlations between novelty and Harter's Curiosity subscale were .57, .64, and .58 for boys in the third, fifth, and combined grades, respectively, and correlations approached significance for Harter's Challenge subscale. Not predicted were the correlations of .40, .68, and .46 obtained for girls in the third, fifth, and combined grades, respectively, between the Independent Judgment subscale (a cognitive-informational scale) and novelty. Results indicated that gender operated as a moderator variable, with boys expressing collative motivation directly in an action-oriented form, and girls demonstrating it somewhat indirectly in a thought-oriented form.
Cyclic sieving of increasing tableaux and small Schröder paths

An increasing tableau is a semistandard tableau with strictly increasing rows and columns. It is well known that the Catalan numbers enumerate both rectangular standard Young tableaux of two rows and also Dyck paths. We generalize this to a bijection between rectangular 2-row increasing tableaux and small Schr¨ oder paths. Using the jeu de taquin for increasing tableaux of (Thomas-Yong '09), we then present a new instance of the cyclic sieving phenomenon of (Reiner-Stanton-White '04). R´ esum´ e. Un tableau croissant est un tableau semi-standard avec les lignes et les colonnes croissantes au sens strict. Il est bien connu que les nombres de Catalan ´ enum` erent les tableaux de Young standard rectangulaires de deux lignes et aussi les chemins de Dyck. Nous g´´ eralisons ceci pour une bijection entre tableaux croissants rectangulaires ´ a 2 lignes et petits chemins de Schr¨ oder. Utilisant le jeu de taquin de (Thomas-Yong '09) pour tableaux croissants, nous pr´ esentons ensuite une nouvelle instance du ph´ enom` ene du crible cyclique de (Reiner-Stanton-White '04).
Impedance characteristics of decoupling capacitors in multi-power distribution systems

To decrease power consumption without affecting circuit speed, multiple power supply voltages are often used in modern high performance IC such as microprocessors. To maintain the impedance of a power distribution system below a specified level, multiple decoupling capacitors are placed at different levels of the power grid hierarchy. The system of decoupling capacitors used in power distribution systems with multiple power supplies is the focus of this paper. The dependence of the impedance on the power distribution system parameters is investigated. An antiresonance phenomenon is intuitively explained in this paper. Design techniques to cancel and shift the antiresonant spikes out of range of the operating frequencies are presented.
Getting more women into tech careers and why it matters

Over the past decade the participation of females in the tech industry has declined rather than advanced. This is unfortunate for young women because of the incredible career opportunities, for the tech industry because of the loss of incoming talent, and for society because of the loss of diversity of perspective among tech teams. I will talk about the reasons why women tend not major in computer technology fields and how Harvey Mudd College dramatically increased the number of females majoring in computer science, from 10% of the majors to 40% over a four year period.
Abstract 624: Induction of Oxidative Stress in Dendritic Cells Promotes Isoketal Formation and Activation of T Cells

We and others have previously shown that T cells play an important role in hypertension, but the mechanisms by which they are activated remains undefined. Dendritic cells present antigens and secrete cytokines that modify T cell polarization. The NADPH oxidase also contributes to hypertension via multiple mechanisms. We have found that dendritic cells (DCs) from ang II-infused mice have a 5-fold increase in superoxide production by NADPH oxidase. Superoxide catalyzes the formation of H2-isoprostanes, which rearrange to form reactive γ-ketoaldehydes termed isoketals that adduct to protein lysines which renders them immunogenic. We hypothesized that oxidative stress catalyzes the formation of isoketals which alters the function of dendritic cells leading to inflammation and hypertension. Thus, we exposed DCs from spleens of C57Bl/6 mice to tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) for 30 minutes. Using flow cytometry, we found that t-BHP exposure increased levels of isoketal-ligated proteins in the CD11b+/CD11c+ DCs population compared to control (19.6 ± 3.7 vs. 10.6 ± 2.5, respectively; P=0.035). Importantly, we found DCs exposed to t-BHP become capable of activating T cells. After exposure to this oxidant for 30 minutes, DCs were cultured with autologous T cells for 7 days and proliferation was monitored by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and flow cytometry. Exposure of DCs to t-BHP promoted a 4-fold increase in proliferation of autologous CD8+ T cells compared to controls. This was also associated with a modest proliferation of CD4+ T cells. Thus, hypertension promotes oxidative stress in DCs. Induction of oxidative stress in DCs leads to formation of highly reactive isoketals, which alters the function of endogenous proteins. Formation of isoketals in DCs leads to T cell and, in particular, CD8 activation. These findings provide a mechanism as to how T cells are activated in hypertension and provide insight into the inflammatory nature of this disease.
Boundary feedback stabilization of a parabolic equation

The equation (*) ut=uxx+qu+f will, in general, be unstable for positive q. We consider control through the boundary conditions u(·,0)=0, ux(·,1)=ф with observation available of φ :=3 u(·,1) and no knowledge of the initial state or of the input f. It is shown that one can construct a linear feedback law of the form (**) ф(t)=〈λ,φt〉+〈μ,фt〉 (фt, φt are intervals of past history) which stabilizes (*).
Variational Integrators for Piezoelectricity

Variational integrators have been used to study the transient response of a number of dynamical problems, while displaying superior conservation characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to develop variational integrators for linear piezoelectric problems. A two-field piezoelectric functional is first discretized in space and time and the coupled discrete Euler-Lagrange equations for displacement and electrical potential are then derived. Afterwards, to validate this new formulation, the numerical results for two initial/boundary value problems involving a piezoelectric plate are compared to the corresponding analytical solutions and finite element results obtained from a commercial software package. The excellent correlation of these solutions indicates the capability of variational integrators in modeling transient piezoelectric behavior. Finally, the superior energy conservation behavior of the developed method is demonstrated.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
No Gibberellic Acid Found in Royal Jelly

We were not able to detect the plant hormone, gibberellic acid (GA3), in the brood food, otherwise known as royal jelly, fed to larval honey bees, Apis mellifera L., although Nation and Robinson (1966) suggested that it might be essential to development. These investigators found that nurse bees feeding on a semidefined diet could initiate laying by their queen, but could rear young larvae from hatching through only the 3rd or 4th day. If the larvae were to complete development, it was necessary to provide the nurse bees with additional nutrients, a minimum of 7.5% pollen or 0.85 mg of GA3 per gram of diet.
Pollen Preferences of Seven Osmia Species (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Pollen foraging as determined from nest provision analysis of seven Osmia species from one area for 2 yr indicated two specialist and five generalist species. Osmia coloradensis Cresson and O. californica Cresson were Asteraceae specialists. Osmia generalists showed significant pollen preferences. Osmia bakeri Cresson, O. indeprensa Sandhouse, O. kincaidii Cresson, and O. lignaria Say preferred Hydrophillaceae ( Phacelia ) pollen. Osmia pikei Cresson preferred Saxifragaceae ( Ribes ) and Ericaceae ( Arctostaphylos ) pollen. For aging parameters of flowering species collected, dominant pollen, number of cells with 100% one pollen, and niche breadths were not significantly different between specialists and generalists. The wide use of Asteraceae genera by the specialists and the preferences shown by the generalists reduced the foraging differences between the groups.
Octahedral Group IV Bis(phenolate) Catalysts for 1-Hexene Homopolymerization and Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization

Octahedral group IV bis(phenolate) catalysts are highly active catalysts for the isospecific polymerization of 1-hexene and the copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene. These catalysts are active for the production of high molecular weight copolymers even at 130 °C. The copolymerization parameters for these complexes were determined; all of the bis(phenolate) complexes tested incorporate 1-hexene with high efficiency to give random copolymers. The complexes prepared from the more sterically demanding ligands showed higher molecular weights but similar comonomer incorporations to those prepared from the less sterically demanding ligands.
The Sense Perception and Training of Nasal avity Resonace

Nasal cavity resonance is very important in singing.And it is also a very difficult skill to master in singing.Hum resonance exercise is the best way of training nasal cavity resonance in music teaching.Breath is the foundation and impetus of nasal cavity resonance.
Acute puerperal inversion of the uterus.

A retrospective review was performed over a period of 5 years (July, 1972, to July, 1977) from the delivery records at Women’s Hospital of the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center. During this time period, there were 60,052 deliveries and 28 cases of puerperal uterine inversion for an incidence of 1 in 2,148. The mean age of the primiparous patients was 19.1 years (N = 15) and that of the multiparous patients was 23.2 years (N = 13). The mean blood loss was greatest in primiparous patients, although blood loss was significant in each group. All patients were delivered by house officers in their first postgraduate year of training or by students under supervision. There was no significant difference between the lengths of the first and third stages of labor in either the primigravid or multigravid patient groups. The length of the second stage of labor was decreased in the multiparous patients compared to the primigravid group. Shock was clinically diagnosed in only 8 of 28 cases (28.5%). It was noted that 9 of 28 patients (32%) had received parenteral magnesium sulfate as therapy for the diagnosis of preeclampsia. In addition, six of these nine patients were receiving concomitant oxytocin infusion for augmentation of labor. There were three other patients receiving oxytocin infusion only. Prophylactic antibiotics were used in 11 patients and febrile morbidity occurred in two patients (18%). There were four cases (23%) of puerperal infectious morbidity among the 17 patients who did not receive antibiotics. The difference between these groups is not significant. These data would suggest: (1) that parenteral magnesium sulfate administration with or without concomitant oxytocin infusion may be an additional predisposing cause of acute puerperal uterine inversion and (2) that treatment with prophylactic antibiotics offers no additional benefit.
A new method for measuring continuity of care in family practice residencies.

Continuity of relationship between physician and patient is a fundamental aspect of the health care provided by family physicians. Measurement of continuity has proved difficult, however. Commonly applied measures, usual provider of care (UPC), continuity of care (COC), and the modified continuity index (MCI), either ignore key aspects of continuity or provide misleading results. Consequently, a new measure of continuity, the modified, modified continuity index (MMCI), with a possible range of 0 to 1, was developed to overcome these problems. It was applied to a residency model practice, in which mean MMCI was found to be 0.59 (range 0.3 to 1.0). Mean COC was .41 and a mean MCI was .44. Thus, unlike COC and MCI, MMCI suggests fairly good continuity of care in this practice while still implying possible improvement. The MMCI should be useful for enhancing training and practice of family medicine.
Site and Mechanism of Diuretic Action

Publisher Summary Diuretics are a diverse group of chemical compounds that share the ability to augment net renal sodium excretion. Diuretics can be conveniently divided into four classes: osmotic diuretics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as mannitol and acetazolamide respectively, which act in proximal tubules; loop diuretics, such as furosemide, which inhibits sodium transport in thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop; thiazide and thiazide type diuretics that act in distal tubules; the weak diuretics like amiloride and triamterene acting on collecting ducts and used primarily for their potassium-sparing action. These agents are widely used in clinical medicine for the treatment of hypertension, pulmonary or cerebral edema, and other disorders that are characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial or extracellular compartments. Detailed discussion of the therapeutic use of diuretics forms the main content of this chapter. The goal is to provide an understanding of the site and mechanisms of diuretic effects, with particular emphasis on recent insights into their cellular mechanisms of action and the molecular biology of the transport proteins they inhibit.
Accurate and Effective Localization of an Object in Large Equal Radius Scenario

This paper develops an attractive estimator for locating an object using time differences of arrival with inaccurate sensor positions in the large equal radius (LER) scenario. The estimator is developed through a geometric approach without the need of introducing an auxiliary variable. It is shown analytically to be able to reach the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) accuracy under Gaussian noise over the small error region when the LER condition is strong. The estimation bias resulted from the LER modeling in the absence of measurement noise is derived and it can be compensated if it is significant when the LER condition is weak. The proposed estimator is more computationally efficient than the other LER positioning estimators from the literature. To complete the study, a detector for the LER scenario is included.
Enhanced electro-optic polarisation rotation in AlGaAs/GaAs (111) quantum wells

The effect of an applied electric fields on the phase difference between perpendicular optical polarisations has been measured in (111) and (100) GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well waveguides. It is determined that, at λ = 1.06 μm, this effect is 48% larger in waveguides constructed of (111) quantum wells in comparison with that of similar (100) structures.
Velocity Control of a Counter-Flow Heat Exchanger

Abstract: In this paper we consider a nonlinear tracking regulation problem for a counter-flow heat exchanger using velocity control. The methodology is based on a variation of our earlier work on design of feedback laws for regulation of distributed parameter systems based on the geometric theory of output regulation. In previous work we developed a technique, referred to as the β -iteration method, that has been successfully applied to regulate a wide variety of linear and nonlinear control system applications. We demonstrate that a modification of the β -iteration method can be successfully applied to a problem of thermal regulation for a counter-flow heat exchanger using velocity control. In particular, the thermal regulation of the cold (or hot) fluid is achieved by changing the speed of the hot (or cold) fluid. In this example, the β -iteration method produces a nonlinear control input operator that strongly depends on the state of the system. We provide two numerical examples where the goal is to track a time dependent reference signal. These examples illustrate the rapid convergence of the method and we observe that two iterations are often sufficient to achieve very accurate practical regulation.
Numerical Investigations of the Benchmark Supercritical Wing in Transonic Flow

This paper builds on the computational aeroelastic results published previously and generated in support of the second Aeroelastic Prediction Workshop for the NASA Benchmark Supercritical Wing (BSCW) configuration. The computational results are obtained using FUN3D, an unstructured grid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solver developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. The analysis results show the effects of the temporal and spatial resolution, the coupling scheme between the flow and the structural solvers, and the initial excitation conditions on the numerical flutter onset. Depending on the free stream condition and the angle of attack, the above parameters do affect the flutter onset. Two conditions are analyzed: Mach 0.74 with angle of attack 0 and Mach 0.85 with angle of attack 5. The results are presented in the form of the damping values computed from the wing pitch angle response as a function of the dynamic pressure or in the form of dynamic pressure as a function of the Mach number.
Transformative Events: Appraisal Bases of Passion and Mixed Emotions:

Mixed emotions are conceptualized as involving the co-occurrence of states opposite in valence. One might expect that combinations of opposites would show diminished overall emotion intensity. But ...