cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fe4S4 clusters as small molecule catalysts

Iron–sulfur metalloproteins are widespread and efficient catalysts for multielectron reduction of small molecules. Now, research shows that simple Fe4S4 cofactors and related complexes can perform effective reductive chemistry producing small hydrocarbons from CO2 and CO.
Numerical investigation on the suitability of a fourth-order nonlinear k-ω model for secondary current of second type in open-channels

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated a typical nonlinear fourth-order k-ω model and the associated roughness boundary condition for their suitability for simulating secondary current of the second kind in open-channels induced by roughness non-uniformity. Three test cases were simulated: square duct flow, open-channel flow with uniformly roughened bed and smooth side walls, and open-channel flow over roughness patches. The nonlinear model and the roughness boundary condition performed relatively well for the first two cases where the corner effect was dominant. For the third case, with alternate roughness patches, strong pressure gradient was generated at the edge between adjacent patches and the secondary current was greatly over-predicted. Two remedial options were tested: increasing the roughness height for smooth walls to a reasonable value and smoothing the roughness transition with a hyperbolic tangent function. We found the first option works better and the second only marginally improves the results.
Semiconducting lithium indium diselenide: Charge-carrier properties and the impacts of high flux thermal neutron irradiation

This paper reports on the charge carrier properties of several lithium indium diselenide (LISe) semiconductors. It was found that the charge collection efficiency of LISe was improved after high flux thermal neutron irradiation including the presence of a typically unobservable alpha peak from hole-only collection. Charge carrier trap energies of the irradiated sample were measured using photo-induced current transient spectroscopy. Compared to previous studies of this material, no significant differences in trap energies were observed. Through trap-filled limited voltage measurements, neutron irradiation was found to increase the density of trap states within the bulk of the semiconductor, which created a polarization effect under alpha exposure but not neutron exposure. Further, the charge collection efficiency of the irradiated sample was higher (14–15 fC) than that of alpha particles (3–5 fC), indicating that an increase in hole signal contribution resulted from the neutron irradiation. Finally, it was observed that significant charge loss takes place near the point of generation, producing a significant scintillation response and artificially inflating the W-value of all semiconducting LISe crystals.This paper reports on the charge carrier properties of several lithium indium diselenide (LISe) semiconductors. It was found that the charge collection efficiency of LISe was improved after high flux thermal neutron irradiation including the presence of a typically unobservable alpha peak from hole-only collection. Charge carrier trap energies of the irradiated sample were measured using photo-induced current transient spectroscopy. Compared to previous studies of this material, no significant differences in trap energies were observed. Through trap-filled limited voltage measurements, neutron irradiation was found to increase the density of trap states within the bulk of the semiconductor, which created a polarization effect under alpha exposure but not neutron exposure. Further, the charge collection efficiency of the irradiated sample was higher (14–15 fC) than that of alpha particles (3–5 fC), indicating that an increase in hole signal contribution resulted from the neutron irradiation. Finally, it wa...
Semaglutide: The Newest Once-Weekly GLP-1 RA for Type 2 Diabetes:

Objective: To review efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) semaglutide for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data Sources: A literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE and EM...
The Educational Diagnostic Process

The mandated criteria for diagnosis of specific learning disabilities are outlined, problems with practical application of the criteria discussed, and methods for meeting the criteria reviewed. A step-wise decision tree for gathering data needed for diagnosis is presented.
The SESHAT Databank Project: the 2014 Report

This article contains a report on research activities taking place under the SESHAT Database Project during 2014.
Empirical Evidence for Metapopulation Dynamics

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the current body of empirical evidence and explores whether and how it supports metapopulation theory. Population structure at this large spatial scale is thought to alleviate the risks of widespread extinction that arise from unpredictable physical environments and from strong interactions among species. This concept has long attracted many ecologists, but more for its plausibility than because of any compelling empirical evidence. Support for metapopulation theory has mostly consisted of anecdotal accounts of local extinctions or asynchronous population fluctuations, combined with much theoretical evidence that metapopulation effects could occur. This chapter begins with a brief review of metapopulation theory and its origins, to lay the groundwork for specific criteria by which to evaluate the evidence. The chapter highlights differences between metapopulation theory for single and multiple species, which will lead to somewhat different criteria in the two cases. It is concluded in the chapter that a great variety of spatial population structures exists in nature, and recognition of this diversity suggests changes in how both empirical and theoretical metapopulation research are approached.
Status of antiviral therapeutics against rabies virus and related emerging lyssaviruses.

Rabies virus (RABV) constitutes a major social and economic burden associated with 60 000 deaths annually worldwide. Although pre-exposure and post-exposure treatment options are available, they are efficacious only when initiated before the onset of clinical symptoms. Aggravating the problem, the current RABV vaccine does not cross-protect against the emerging zoonotic phylogroup II lyssaviruses. A requirement for an uninterrupted cold chain and high cost of the immunoglobulin component of rabies prophylaxis generate an unmet need for the development of RABV-specific antivirals. We discuss desirable anti-RABV drug profiles, past efforts to address the problem and inhibitor candidates identified, and examine how the rapidly expanding structural insight into RABV protein organization has illuminated novel druggable target candidates and paved the way to structure-aided drug optimization. Special emphasis is given to the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex as a promising target for direct-acting broad-spectrum RABV inhibitors.
Low Power Pilot Aided Sub-sample Based Channel Estimation for Mmwave Cellular Systems

The fast temporal changes of a millimeter wave channel necessitate frequent estimation of the channel. Power reduction techniques for the channel estimation process for ultra-wideband 5G systems are highly desirable. High speed analog-to-digital converters for the wideband data conversion and high speed baseband processing of the Nyquist rate digital samples are the main contributors to high power consumption. This work utilizes the subsequence properties of Zadoff Chu sequences and presents a training based channel estimation algorithm that can operate at a fraction of the symbol rate and thus save power. The algorithm also provides a framework for tradeoff between channel estimation performance and computational complexity. This can allow a receiver to go into power saving mode during high signal to noise ratio channel estimation. Our analysis and simulation results show that our sub-Nyquist based approach achieves maximum likelihood performance at full rate sequence for a single path channel model.
Aliphatic Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomers Containing Hydrogen-Bonding Ureidopyrimidinone Endgroups.

Polylactide- block-poly(γ-methyl-e-caprolactone)- block-polylactide (LML) is a sustainable thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) candidate that exhibits competitive mechanical properties as compared to traditional styrenic TPEs. The relatively low glass transition temperature of the polylactide endblocks, however, results in stress relaxation and low levels of elastic recovery. We report the synthesis and characterization of poly(γ-methyl-e-caprolactone) (PMCL) and LML end-functionalized with ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) hydrogen-bonding moieties to improve the elastic performance of these polymers. Although UPy-functionalized PMCL shows dynamical mechanical behavior that is distinct from the unfunctionalized homopolymer, it does not exhibit elastomeric behavior at room temperature. The addition of UPy endgroups to LML increases the ultimate tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile toughness compared to unfunctionalized LML. Stress relaxation studies at a fixed strain show reduced levels of stress relaxation in LML with UPy endgroups. The stress relaxation was further reduced by including semicrystalline poly(( S, S)-lactide) as endblocks with UPy endgroups.
Racial disparities in survival of glioblastoma patients not treated with radiation.

2069 Background: Race-based outcomes have been documented for inpatient hospital care for glioblastoma (GBM), however, SEER-based population studies do not replicate the differences in race for out...
Spreading depolarization and repolarization during cardiac arrest as an ultra-early marker of neurological recovery in a preclinical model

Abstract Spreading depolarization (SD) accompanies numerous neurological conditions, including migraine, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. There is significant interest in understanding the relationship between SD and neuronal injury. However, characteristics underlying SD and repolarization (RP) induced by global cerebral ischemia (e.g., cardiac arrest (CA)) and reperfusion are not well understood. Quantifying features of SD and RP during CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may provide important metrics for diagnosis and prognosis of neurological injury from hypoxia-ischemia. We characterized SD and RP in a rodent model of asphyxial CA+CPR using a multimodal platform including electrocorticography (ECoG) and optical imaging. We detected SD and RP by (1) alternating current (AC), (2) direct current (DC), and (3) optical imaging of spreading ischemia, spreading edema, and vasoconstriction. Earlier SD (r=−0.80; p
The Charlie Hebdo Terrorist Attack and European Journalistic Solidarity (with Lea Hellmueller)

This chapter explores how the censorious Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack sent shock waves through the different journalistic fields that exist in the politico-cultural geography of freedom of expression of Europe. It describes and explains how the transnational professional and collective bargaining institutions of the European journalistic field—the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), the European Federation of journalists (EFJ), and French journalists’ unions, led by the Syndicat national des journalistes (National Union of Journalists), conceptualized the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks and managed the collective responses of the French and European journalistic fields to the catastrophic event. It focuses on transnational European journalistic solidarity, collective defense of the human right of freedom of expression, the right to caricature, the reaction of the German press to the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack, and the firebombing of the Hamburger Morgenpost, which had republished Charlie Hebdo Mohammed cartoons in solidarity with its attacked French counterpart.
Tighter Confinement Increases Selectivity of d-Glucose Isomerization Toward l-Sorbose in Titanium Zeolites.

Aqueous-phase isomerization of d-glucose to d-fructose and l-sorbose is catalyzed in parallel by Lewis acidic Ti sites in siliceous frameworks. Glucose isomerization rates (per Ti, 373 K) are undetectable when Ti sites are confined within mesoporous voids (Ti-MCM-41, TiO2 -SiO2 ) and increase to detectable values when Ti sites are confined within the smaller 12-membered ring (12-MR) micropores of Ti-Beta. Isomerization rates decrease to lower values (by ≈20×) with further decreases in micropore size as Ti sites are confined within 10-MR pores (Ti-MFI, Ti-CON), likely because of intrapore reactant diffusion restrictions, and reach undetectable values within the 8-MR pores of Ti-CHA as size exclusion prevents glucose from accessing active sites. Remarkably, the selectivity toward l-sorbose over d-fructose increases systematically as spatial constraints around Ti sites become tighter, and is >10 on Ti-MFI. These findings demonstrate the marked influence of confinement around Ti active sites on the selectivity between parallel stereoselective sugar isomerization pathways.
Derivation and validation of a predictive model for advanced colorectal neoplasia in asymptomatic adults

Objective Knowing risk for advanced colorectal neoplasia (AN) could help patients and providers choose among screening tests, improving screening efficiency and uptake. We created a risk prediction model for AN to help decide which test might be preferred, a use not considered for existing models. Design Average-risk 50-to-80-year olds undergoing first-time screening colonoscopy were recruited from endoscopy units in Indiana. We measured sociodemographic and physical features, medical and family history and lifestyle factors and linked these to the most advanced finding. We derived a risk equation on two-thirds of the sample and assigned points to each variable to create a risk score. Scores with comparable risks were collapsed into risk categories. The model and score were tested on the remaining sample. Results Among 3025 subjects in the derivation set (mean age 57.3 (6.5) years; 52% women), AN prevalence was 9.4%. The 13-variable model (c-statistic=0.77) produced three risk groups with AN risks of 1.5% (95% CI 0.72% to 2.74%), 7.06% (CI 5.89% to 8.38%) and 27.26% (CI 23.47% to 31.30%) in low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups (p value Conclusion Among average-risk persons, this model estimates AN risk with high discrimination, identifying a lower risk subgroup that may be screened non-invasively and a higher risk subgroup for which colonoscopy may be preferred. The model could help guide patient–provider discussions of screening options, may increase screening adherence and conserve colonoscopy resources.
Efforts to Improve the Creative Economy during the Covid-19 Pandemic in ASEAN Countries

Increasing the creative economy during the pandemic is very urgent, as an effort to stabilize the economy in ASEAN. The character of the creative economy is characterized by economic activities that are based on the exploration and exploitation of creative ideas that have high selling value. All tourism ministers from ASEAN countries to strengthen tourism cooperation, one of the economic sectors hardest hit in the pandemic. Intelligent marketing is needed in order to know the strengths of our competitors and market tastes, because in the era of globalization, war is actually a war in the economic field and the creative economy is the main weapon. Strong cooperation in efforts to jointly handle the impact of COVID-19 in the tourism sector in the ASEAN region. All ASEAN members to jointly enhance cooperation not only in dealing with pandemic problems but also in terms of developing the creative economy.
Blackness and food resilience: black culinary epistemologies, the slow food movement and racial justice

In this paper, I develop a concept that I call black culinary epistemologies. I argue that the cookbooks of Bryant Terry, African American chef and food justice activist, are an archive for black c...
Exploring Interprofessional Activities that Address Poverty, Social Determinants of Health, Homelessness, and Chronic Pain

BACKGROUND Critical healthcare issues are impacting society. Interprofessional learning must be designed to match this complexity. PURPOSE We designed and implement multiple interprofessional learning activities to address serious topics in health care to determine if learning experiences founded on critical health issues resulted in increased knowledge among the interprofessional team of learners. METHOD This was an observational, cross-sectional cohort study. Participants were students enrolled in health science and medical programs at a university in the Midwest U.S. Learning activities consisted of journal club, Pain C.A.R.E., poverty simulation, or Strategies for Health. RESULTS Outcomes for student learning indicated strong agreement on teamwork variables. Faculty involvement sustained the implementation of interprofessional learning experiences. CONCLUSION Addressing social determinants of health as the learning content of an interprofessional learning activity was an effective method for increasing students’ confidence and comfort within an interdisciplinary team.
Introduction of a plug and play model predictive control to predict room temperatures

Abstract Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework that predicts future room conditions have been examined in the past. However, the technique in its current state has been found to have entry barriers for its use in real building environments because the implementation of physical room models into MPC control framework is time-consuming. Additionally, cost intensive expert knowledge is needed for its implementation. In this study, a “Plug and Play” MPC framework for building automation environments is introduced that predicts the room temperature, energy demand values and load values for the next day. The novelty of the MPC framework is its ability to calibrate to the physical environment in relatively short time periods (10 days) without providing previous information. A calibrated simulation model approach is combined with a rule-controlled filter and is integrated into the MPC framework. Results illustrate that the framework predicts a reliable range of data for the next day.
The Law and Economics of Non-Exclusionary Price Floors

This paper integrates two separate branches of the law and economics literature to demonstrate the two-sided risk of market exclusion by a vertically-integrated firm (VIF) with upstream and downstream market power. The ratio of downstream (retail) to upstream (wholesale) price margins is key to the analysis. A margin ratio that is “too low” can result in a vertical price squeeze. This occurs when a relatively efficient rival cannot secure the bottleneck input at a price that enables it to compete in the downstream market. A margin ratio that is “too high” creates incentives for the VIF to engage in non-price discrimination (sabotage). By raising its rivals’ costs, and in turn it downstream price, the VIF can divert demand from its rivals to itself. Displacement ratios delineate the range of safe harbor margin ratios within which neither form of market exclusion arises. The admissible range of these margin ratios is decreasing in the degree of product substitutability and reduces to a single ratio in the limit as the competing products become perfect substitutes. The challenge for policymakers is to apply these pricing constraints judiciously to prevent market exclusion in accordance with a consumer-welfare standard, while recognizing the risk that these protections can be appropriated and used strategically in the errant pursuit of a competitor-welfare standard.
Sign signatures and characters of Weyl Groups

Abstract Let G R be the set of real points of a complex linear reductive group and G ˆ λ , its classes of irreducible admissible representations with infinitesimal integral regular character λ. In this case, each cell of representations is associated to a special nilpotent orbit. This helps organize the corresponding set of irreducible Harish-Chandra modules. The goal of this paper is to bypass the need for the character table of the Weyl group associated with G ˆ λ in the Springer correspondence, by describing a new and less computationally intensive parametrization of irreducible representations of simple complex Weyl groups.
The Diversity Imperative: The Effects of Local Economic Structure and Social Capital on Local Philanthropy

Philanthropic endeavors are a form of institutionalized collective action that enhances a community’s capacity to address community needs and interests. Despite studies investigating the complex relationships between local economies, social capital, and local philanthropy, much remains unknown concerning the interaction between diverse local economic structures, social capital, and local philanthropy. Therefore, we explore whether local economies and social capital affect a community’s capacity to mobilize collective resources for two distinct forms of local philanthropy: elite and social welfare-oriented. Using a quantitative analysis, we empirically examine these relationships using a dataset covering three specified years spanning 3,036 US counties. Findings suggest that the diversity of local economic structures play a moderating role in facilitating the effect of social capital on local philanthropic activities aimed at satisfying local community demands and interests. The results illustrate important policy implications concerning the diversification of economic resources for local policymakers and community leaders.
The Clinical Utility of the NAB Judgment Subtest Among Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Within a Forensic Inpatient Setting.

Executive functioning (EF) has been identified as a significant predictor in determining competence to stand trial. Individuals deemed incompetent to stand trial are provided a limited time frame b...
Verbal satiation

A 15 sec. verbal-repetition treatment failed to produce semantic (verbal) satiation in the present study. The experimental design employed in this study was suchthat it precluded confounding from possible regression effects.
Sediment Propagation in the Porong River below the Sidoardjo Mud Volcano Diversion in Indonesia

AbstractThe Sidoardjo Mud Volcano in East Java, Indonesia, started on May 29, 2006. The average daily discharge of the mud volcano is 50,000 m3/day, with a 35% average concentration of sand, silt,...
A Bacteriophage Repressor/Operator Complex at 7 Å Resolution

Possible mechanisms for sequence-specific affinity of proteins for DNA include: (1) ‘direct readout’ of base sequence by interactions of residues in the protein with functional groups on the DNA bases; (2) ‘indirect readout’ by interactions with backbone conformations sensitive to base sequence; (3) dependence of binding on long-range structural characteristics of DNA — e.g. twist, bend, or superhelicity; (4) induction of cooperative transitions in DNA, such as B -> A or B -> Z. The crystal structure of a bacteriophage repressor/operator complex, determined at 7 A resolution, permits us to examine these mechanisms in the context of a particular example (Anderson et al·, 1985). The protein in this complex is the amino-terminal domain (residues 1-69 and denoted Rl-69) of the repressor encoded by coliphage 434, a close relative of bacteriophage λ. The DNA is a 14 base-pair synthetic oligonucleotide, with a self-complementary sequence (Fig. 1) that contains a consensus of the six repressor binding sites (operators) in the phage.
Globalization on the line: Culture, capital, and citizenship at U.S. borders

Telling the Difference Between the Border and the Borderlands: Material Reality and Theoretical Practice Border Shopping: American Studies and the Anti-Nation Literary Postcolonial on the Border Border Studies and Globalization Theory Mapping Latinidad: Language and Culture in the Hispanic TV Battlezone Fan Letters to the Cultural Industries: Border Literature about Mass Media Performing the Border A Monolingual Trade Unionist Goes Across the U.S.-Mexico Border The Dynamics of Grassrotts Organization Working Wilderness: Nature, Narrative, and Rangeland Management in U.S.-Mexico Borderlands Las Mujeres Invisibles: La Mujer Obrera Iriquois Border Crossings: Place, Politics, and the Jay Treaty Afterword
Multisystem Management of Epidermolysis Bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a family of rare, inherited skin disorders characterized by fragility of the skin and mucosa. The severity of EB varies from mild to devastating, with the recessively inherited forms of EB, such as junctional EB and recessive dystrophic EB, being the most significant. These disorders are effectively multisystem disorders affecting the epithelia and other organ systems with a range of complications. This chapter will discuss a comprehensive, systems-based approach to managing the extracutaneous needs of patients with severe forms of EB. While we feel a multidisciplinary model is ideal, it may not be feasible or realistic for everyone. However, EB care can be coordinated by utilizing other pediatric subspecialists and following a few key principles: (1) organize patient management by organ systems, giving systems most likely to develop complications (e.g., nutritional, gastrointestinal, hematologic [anemia]) the highest priority; (2) screen for complications using a thorough review of systems and surveillance laboratory tests; and (3) communicate directly with consultants about the special needs of patients with EB and advocate for their care.
Random, Quasirandom and Hybrid Methods for Transport Problems

Quasi-Monte Carlo methods may be regarded as fully deterministic substitutes for Monte Carlo methods. Their potential superiority to conventional (pseudorandom) Monte Carlo methods relies on the use of decision-making numbers that are more regularly distributed than pseudorandom ones. Understanding these newer methods requires replacement of the probability model that represents conventional Monte Carlo by an asymptotic frequency model that is totally devoid of probabilistic structure. Hybrid sequences are decision-making sequences designed to achieve convergence superior to that available using either pseudorandom or quasirandom methods. The elements of the theory needed will be outlined here.
Decreased microbiota diversity associated with urinary tract infection in a trial of bacterial interference.

Summary Background Patients with long-term indwelling catheters are at high risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). We hypothesized that colonizing the bladder with a benign Escherichia coli strain ( E. coli HU2117, a derivative of E. coli 83972) would prevent CAUTI in older, catheterized adults. Materials and methods Adults with chronic, indwelling urinary catheters received study catheters that had been pre-coated with E. coli HU2117. We monitored the cultivatable organisms in the bladder for 28 days or until loss of E. coli HU2117. Urine from 4 subjects was collected longitudinally for 16S rRNA gene profiling. Results Eight of the ten subjects (average age 70.9 years) became colonized with E. coli HU2117, with a mean duration of 57.7 days (median: 28.5, range 0–266). All subjects also remained colonized by uropathogens. Five subjects suffered invasive UTI, 3 febrile UTI and 2 urosepsis/bacteremia, all associated with overgrowth of a urinary pathogen. Colonization with E. coli HU2117 did not impact bacterial bladder diversity, but subjects who developed infections had less diverse bladder microbiota. Conclusions Colonization with E. coli HU2117 did not prevent bladder colonization or subsequent invasive disease by uropathogens. Microbial diversity may play a protective role against invasive infection of the catheterized bladder. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00554996 http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00554996.
Emerging Adults’ Conceptions of Purpose and the Good Life A Classification and Comparison

To understand the purpose acquisition of young emerging adults (18-23), scholars claim we need to learn the types of purposes to which they are committing and how they conceptualize purpose differe...
Nonequilibrium dynamics of symmetry breaking in lambda Phi**4 field theory

The time evolution of O$(N)$ symmetric $\ensuremath{\lambda}({\ensuremath{\Phi}}^{2}{)}^{2}$ scalar field theory is studied in the large $N$ limit. In this limit the $〈{\mathbf{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}_{i}〉$ mean field and two-point correlation function $〈{\mathbf{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}_{i}{\mathbf{\ensuremath{\Phi}}}_{j}〉$ evolve together as a self-consistent closed Hamiltonian system, characterized by a Gaussian density matrix. The static part of the effective Hamiltonian defines the true effective potential ${U}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ for configurations far from thermal equilibrium. Numerically solving the time evolution equations for energy densities corresponding to a quench in the unstable spinodal region, we find results quite different from what might be inferred from the equilibrium free energy potential $F$. Typical time evolutions show effectively irreversible energy flow from the coherent mean fields to the quantum fluctuating modes, due to the creation of massless Goldstone bosons near threshold. The plasma frequency and collisionless damping rate of the mean fields are calculated in terms of the particle number density by a linear response analysis and compared with the numerical results. Dephasing of the fluctuations leads also to the growth of an effective entropy and the transition from quantum to classical behavior of the ensemble. In addition to casting some light on fundamental issues of nonequilibrium quantum statistical mechanics, the general framework presented in this work may be applied to a study of the dynamics of second order phase transitions in a wide variety of Landau-Ginsburg systems described by a scalar order parameter.
Applying Basel2 AIRB Model to CCAR Stress Testing

The stressed probability of default and rating migration are important for the banks to assess the adequacy of credit reserve and credit capital under the stress market condition. Credit reserves are designed to cover the expected loss which can be estimated by the through-the-cycle probability of default, while the credit capital is designed to cover the unexpected loss which only occurs under downturn economy or extreme market condition. This paper describes a methodology of estimating the default and rating transitions across industry and regional segmentation that can be applied to wholesale credit portfolio for estimating the stressed losses and allowance for loss on loan and lease, under macro-economic scenarios such as prescribed in the Fed annual CCAR stress testing.
The Role of Metabolish Studies in Drug Safety Evaluation

AbstractThere is a general recognition now of the importance of drug metabolism studies in the process of drug development and the drug regulatory authorities certainly expect to see the results of such studies. However, it is not always appreciated just how closely such studies must be integrated with many other aspects of drug development. In normal practice, metabolism studies are carried out by the metabolism scientist working closely with the pharmacologist, the pharmacist, the toxicologist and the clinician; these interactions can, and should play a key role in determining the strategy of such studies.Let us first consider the time—scale which applies to metabolism studies in safety evaluation. In Fig. 1, the left hand column shows the major steps in the evaluation of the desirable biological effects of the drug. After identification of promising activity in animal models and completion of satisfactory initial toxicity studies, come the first studies in man, either in normal volunteers or in patient...
Implications of the apportionment of human genetic diversity for the apportionment of human phenotypic diversity.

Researchers in many fields have considered the meaning of two results about genetic variation for concepts of “race.” First, at most genetic loci, apportionments of human genetic diversity find that worldwide populations are genetically similar. Second, when multiple genetic loci are examined, it is possible to distinguish people with ancestry from different geographical regions. These two results raise an important question about human phenotypic diversity: To what extent do populations typically differ on phenotypes determined by multiple genetic loci? It might be expected that such phenotypes follow the pattern of similarity observed at individual loci. Alternatively, because they have a multilocus genetic architecture, they might follow the pattern of greater differentiation suggested by multilocus ancestry inference. To address the question, we extend a well-known classification model of Edwards (2003) by adding a selectively neutral quantitative trait. Using the extended model, we show, in line with previous work in quantitative genetics, that regardless of how many genetic loci influence the trait, one neutral trait is approximately as informative about ancestry as a single genetic locus. The results support the relevance of single-locus genetic-diversity partitioning for predictions about phenotypic diversity.
Markers and methods for biodetection

The purpose of this talk is to initially provide an over-view of classical approaches used in bacterial identification, microbial forensics and biodetection. There will then be a brief discussion of bacterial biochemistry and taxonomy. This will be followed by recent examples of morphological (electron microscopy) and analytical chemical (mass spectrometry) bacterial characterization from our own research. This will lay down a framework for considerations in the use of spectroscopy (which is more developmental in nature) to provide equivalent or alternative information.
The Association Between Physical Activity and the Risk of Incident Psoriasis

Objective To examine the association between total physical activity, walking, and vigorous exercise and the incidence of psoriasis in women. Design Cohort study. Setting The Nurses' Health Study II, a cohort of 116 430 women aged 27 to 44 years in 1991. Participants The study population included 86 655 US female nurses who reported whether they had ever been diagnosed as having psoriasis and who completed detailed physical activity questionnaires in 1991, 1997, and 2001. We excluded participants with a history of psoriasis prior to 1991. Main Outcome Measures Risk of psoriasis by quintile of physical activity as measured by a metabolic equivalent task score. Results We documented 1026 incident psoriasis cases during 1 195 703 person-years of follow-up (14 years, 1991-2005). After adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol use, increasing physical activity was inversely associated with the risk of psoriasis. The most physically active quintile of women had a lower multivariate relative risk (RR) of psoriasis (0.72 [95% CI, 0.59-0.89; P Conclusion In this study of US women, vigorous physical activity is independently associated with a reduced risk of incident psoriasis.
Hole motion in an S=1 chain

We consider a simple t-J model of a spin-0 hole hopping in a spin-1 chain. The spin chain in the absence of the hole is governed by the Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki Hamiltonian; it has a disordered ground state and a gap to elementary excitations. In the presence of the hole we find some exact single- and multihole spin-singlet wave functions. We also discuss some properties of baglike excitations using a variational ansatz and kinematical analysis.
Anoxia inhibits guanosine salvage in cardiac myocytes

The adult heart depends largely on salvage synthesis to supply its 5′-nucleotide needs. Previous work from this laboratory established that guanosine is metabolized into guanine 5′-nucleotides in heart cells, but that salvage rates are very slow as compared to adenosine. The author hypothesized that guanosine salvage is regulated according to the needs of the cell for guanine nucleotides. This hypothesis was tested using cardiac myocytes which were rendered anoxic for 0–60 min. During this anoxic period, guanine nucleotides were depleted about 50%. At 0, 30, and 60 min, aliquots were removed for cell counting and nucleotide analysis; 50 μM3H-guanosine was then added and the incubation continued for 1 min. The cells were then extracted and assayed for radioactivity in the guanine nucleotide products. Anoxia for 60 min, depressed GTP levels by 89%, total guanine nucleotides by 50%, and short-term guanosine salvage by 48% over aerobic controls. Reoxygenation of the myocytes after 30 min of anoxia returned guanosine salvage rates to nearly normal (87% of control). Preincubation of the myocytes with 5 mM ribose for times up to 1 hour modestly increased salvage rates of guanosine in aerobic cells. These results suggest that guanosine salvage in cardiac myocytes is not regulated by the size of the guanine nucleotide pool (that is, not sensitive to the demand for guanine nucleotides). Instead, salvage of guanosine is probably limited by cytosolic levels of ATP or phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, the production of which are dependent on adequate oxygen supplies.
Structure, Order and the Metallic State in Polyaniline and its Derivatives.

Abstract The origin of high conductivity in various conducting polymers remains of considerable interest. The polyaniline family of polymers provides a means of sensitively testing the effects of crystal structure, coherence, order and chain separation on the conductivity. Extensive comparative study of emeraldine hydrochloride, oriented emeraldine hydrochloride, poly(ortholuidine) hydrochloride, and sulfonated polyaniline demonstrate the importance of interchain diffusion of charge in achieving high conductivities. These results are in accord with magnetotransport studies of polyacetylene which similarly demonstrate the importance of three-dimensional charge diffusion.
A reanalysis of the early Holocene frontal bone from Aitape, New Guinea

The Aitape frontal bone is compared to 13 late Pleistocene/early Holocene Australian crania as well as two modern samples comprised of 101 modern Australian and 126 modern New Guinea crania. These crania are compared using canonical variates analysis and Mahalanobis distances, the latter of which is examined for statistical significance using random expectation statistics. The results show that Aitape shares shape characteristics of a longer, flatter frontal with ancient Australians. Modern populations differ from both Aitape and the ancient Australians in having generally shorter, more curved frontals.
Stability Analysis and Flight Trials of a Clipped Wrap Around Fin Configuration

Several prototypes of a 140-mm wrap around fin artillery rocket exhibited erratic behavior after burnout during flight trials at Torregorda test facility. Radar records showed severe undamped motions of the missile in the Mach number range of 2.5-2.7 leading to catastrophic failures. Stability studies and aerodynamic analysis suggested a design modification consisting of several degrees of span and chord clippings in order to alleviate the side force and moment magnitude. In subsequent flight trials the modified configurations performed satisfactorily.
A tutorial symposium on dynamic conceptions of vowel perception: an introduction

Abstract This paper is an introductory summary of the five following papers by J. Jenkins, W. Strange, B. Rakerd and R. Verbrugge, R. Diehl et al., and C. Fowler. The focus of the set of papers is on recent findings that are inconsistent with traditional views of vowel perception, and, as a set, they suggest an alternative approach to theory that emphasises the importance of acoustic changes across time.
L-shell x-ray production cross sections for light ions on Sm, Yb, and Pb~ *

This article discusses L-shell x-ray production cross sections for light ions on Sm, Yb, and Pb.
A Scale for Measuring Intellectual Conviction

(1956). A Scale for Measuring Intellectual Conviction. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 135-141.
Purification and characterization of beef liver dihydrofolate reductase

Abstract Beef liver dihydrofolate reductase has been purified to homogeneity by using a methotrexate affinity column followed by gel filtration to remove several higher molecular weight proteins. Tightly bound dihydrofolate is removed by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The overall purification is 13,000-fold; the specific activity is 26 units·mg −1 , approximately 25 times higher than previously reported. The enzyme has been shown to be homogeneous by the following criteria: (i) discontinuous gel electrophoresis, (ii) sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, (iii) velocity sedimentation, (iv) equilibrium sedimentation, and (v) methotrexate titration. The amino acid composition has been determined. Notable features include a single cysteine, three tryptophan and three histidine residues. The N-terminal amino acid is leucine. The molecular weight determined by equilibrium sedimentation is 22,500. The s 20, w 0 is 2.08 × 10 −13 S and D 20, w 0 = 10.93 cm 2 ·s −1 . A frictional coefficient of 1.04 indicates that the enzyme is essentially spherical. An isoelectrical point of 6.80 was measured.
Infections of the cardiac suture line after left ventricular surgery.

Abstract Purpose: Infections of the cardiac suture line after left ventricular surgery are rare but may be fatal if not diagnosed promptly and treated effectively. In order to alert physicians to this entity, we reviewed data from three patients who presented at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital and from 22 patients in the literature. Patients and methods: The three patients in the current report underwent treatment at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital. Additional cases of infection of the left ventricular suture line were identified by reviewing the English literature pertaining to surgery for left ventricular aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, and postoperative cardiac infections. Results: Infection presented on average 16 months after surgery with cardiocutaneous fistulae, chest wall masses, hemoptysis or other pleuropulmonary symptoms, or systemic illness with bacteremia resembling endocarditis. Staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli were the most frequent pathogens. Diagnosis was often delayed and mortality was high. Left ventricular false aneurysms were identified in 15 of the 25 patients. Bleeding from sinuses in the chest wall or epigastrium or repeated hemoptysis were important clinical clues. In some instances, ill-advised surgical or instrumental procedures precipitated life-threatening hemorrhage. Treatment with antibiotics alone was insufficient. Excision of all infected sutures and Teflon pledgets and adequate debridement of the infected suture line were required to achieve cures. Conclusion: Since infection of the left ventricular suture line has protean clinical manifestations and may present months or years after the initial surgery, a high index of suspicion is of paramount importance in diagnosing the condition. Institution of cardiopulmonary bypass and reoperation through median sternotomy is recommended to achieve a cure.
Glomuvenous malformation: magnetic resonance imaging findings

We report a case of a glomuvenous malformation involving the dorsal aspect of the right hand and distal forearm in an 11-year-old boy. He had a history of multiple vascular anomalies since birth and presented with increasing right hand pain. MRI played an important role in characterizing and determining the extent of the lesion. In particular, dynamic time-resolved contrast-enhanced MR angiography precisely defined its vascularity. The diagnosis was made histopathologically after partial resection of the lesion. Glomuvenous malformation is a rare developmental hamartoma that originates from the glomus body. Clinically they usually resemble a venous malformation but they are a different entity. In the appropriate clinical setting this rare condition must be included in the differential diagnosis of a vascular malformation, especially when subtle arterial enhancement, early venous shunting and progressive filling of dilated venous spaces are depicted on MRA.
Nest Guard Replacement in the Antarctic Fish Harpagifer bispinis: Possible Altruistic Behavior

Nesting biology of the Antarctic plunder fish, Harpagifer bispinis (Schneider), was examined at Arthur Harbor, Antarctic Peninsula, during the austral winter, 1975. Females prepare nest sites, spawn, and guard the eggs for 4 to 5 months, the longest guarded incubation period reported for any fish species. If this guard is removed, it is soon replaced by a conspecific, usually male. If the second guard is removed, a third replaces it. Guards are essential to ensure nest survival. Selfish or parental acts or acts of kinship or reciprocity do not adequately explain guard replacement. The act may be altruistic.
Cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic renal cancer

Recent randomized prospective trials have suggested that cytoreductive nephrectomy confers a survival advantage in patients with metastatic renal cancer who receive immunotherapy with interferon-alfa-2b. It appears that the patients most benefiting from this approach are those with good performance status, lung-only metastases, and adequate cardiac and pulmonary reserve. Nonrandomized trials have further suggested that this survival advantage may be extended in patients who receive more aggressive interleukin-2-based immunotherapy.
Atrial septal interventions in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objectives: To report an institutional experience performing percutaneous atrial septal interventions in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Background: The success of the Hybrid approach in palliating patients with HLHS is crucially dependant on relieving any significant interatrial restriction. Data on transcatheter interventions to relieve atrial septal restrictions in patients with HLHS are limited. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 67 transcatheter atrial septal interventions that were performed between July 2002 and September 2007 in 56 patients with HLHS. The median weight was 3.35 kg. About 10.7% of patients had an intact atrial septum. Balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) was used in 77.6% of procedures, additional techniques in 35.8% of procedures. Patients were divided into those with standard atrial septal anatomy (group A, n = 33) and those with complex atrial septal anatomy (group B, n = 23). Results: The mean trans-septal gradient was reduced significantly from 7 mm Hg to 1 mm Hg with the median time to discharge being 3.5 days. Major adverse events were seen in 8.9% of procedures, whereas minor adverse events occurred in 26.8% of procedures. Adverse events were significantly less common in patients with standard atrial septal anatomy, compared to those with complex atrial septal anatomy (25.6% versus 50.0%). About 19.6% patients required repeated atrial septal interventions. Survival up to and including Comprehensive stage II palliation was 73% group A, and 57% in group B. Conclusions: With utilization of appropriate techniques and equipment, atrial septal interventions in HLHS can be performed successfully in virtually all patients. Complex atrial septal anatomy is technically challenging and has a higher incidence of procedural adverse events. In the majority of patients, standard BAS can be performed safely, and is usually the only intervention required to achieve adequate relief of atrial septal restriction until Comprehensive stage II palliation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Role of growth-hormone and insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins.

Some peptide hormones are associated with specific, high-affinity plasma proteins. The major binding protein (BP) for growth hormone (GH) in humans is a circulating fragment of the GH membrane recepto