cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin-binding domains

The covalent modification of proteins by ubiquitination is a major regulatory mechanism of protein degradation and quality control, endocytosis, vesicular trafficking, cell-cycle control, stress response, DNA repair, growth-factor signalling, transcription, gene silencing and other areas of biology. A class of specific ubiquitin-binding domains mediates most of the effects of protein ubiquitination. The known membership of this group has expanded rapidly and now includes at least sixteen domains: UBA, UIM, MIU, DUIM, CUE, GAT, NZF, A20 ZnF, UBP ZnF, UBZ, Ubc, UEV, UBM, GLUE, Jab1/MPN and PFU. The structures of many of the complexes with mono-ubiquitin have been determined, revealing interactions with multiple surfaces on ubiquitin. Inroads into understanding polyubiquitin specificity have been made for two UBA domains, whose structures have been characterized in complex with Lys48-linked di-ubiquitin. Several ubiquitin-binding domains, including the UIM, CUE and A20 ZnF (zinc finger) domains, promote auto-ubiquitination, which regulates the activity of proteins that contain them. At least one of these domains, the A20 ZnF, acts as a ubiquitin ligase by recruiting a ubiquitin–ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme thiolester adduct in a process that depends on the ubiquitin-binding activity of the A20 ZnF. The affinities of the mono-ubiquitin-binding interactions of these domains span a wide range, but are most commonly weak, with Kd>100 μM. The weak interactions between individual domains and mono-ubiquitin are leveraged into physiologically relevant high-affinity interactions via several mechanisms: ubiquitin polymerization, modification multiplicity, oligomerization of ubiquitinated proteins and binding domain proteins, tandem-binding domains, binding domains with multiple ubiquitin-binding sites and co-operativity between ubiquitin binding and binding through other domains to phospholipids and small G-proteins.
Memorable Messages of Hard Times: Constructing Short- and Long-Term Resiliencies Through Family Communication

We take a communicative and life course theory approach to understanding how resilience is constructed in families. Drawing upon interviews with 20 fathers, 16 mothers, and 23 children who dealt with financial hardship during the 1980s recession, we analyze the messages families communicated about finances when their children were young and how these messages contributed to the development of short- and long-term resiliencies. The family talk and material practices of numbers talk, tightening the belt, sidelining, and preparing, as well as general talk of resiliency, transmitted through the generations a dual-layer of resilience. The first layer involved persisting through the immediate financial crisis. The second dealt with shaping the value systems and attitudes of the younger generation in ways that taught long-term resiliencies they carried into adulthood.
Racial Differences in Attitudes toward Euthanasia

This article examines racial differences in attitudes toward euthanasia. Many researchers assert distrust of medicine as a substantive explanation for less favorable attitudes toward euthanasia among African Americans, although quantitative measurement has been unsuccessful in showing this. In this article, spiritual meaning, perceived capacity for discrimination (distrust), individual experiences with physicians, and access to healthcare are hypothesized as intervening variables in the relationship between race and attitudes toward euthanasia. With a distinction between individual and collective experiences with discrimination we use path analysis to test previous assertions that African American distrust of medicine leads to more negative attitudes toward euthanasia. Results indicate that while African Americans exhibit higher levels of distrust of medicine, this is not related to attitudes toward euthanasia, which seem predominantly to be a spiritual matter. Our findings have implications for legislative policy, treatment interventions, doctor-patient relations, and sociological understanding of the interaction of race, spirituality, experience, and attitudes.
Niche Partitioning by Lesser Prairie-chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus and Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus in Southwestern Kansas

We conducted this 2-year study to determine if lesser prairie-chickens Tympanuchus pallidicinctus and ring-necked pheasants Phasianus colchicus used the same habitats where their ranges overlapped in southwestern Kansas. Telemetry locations of 50 transmitter-equipped lesser prairie-chickens and 28 pheasants were used to monitor habitat use by the two species. Additionally, vegetation characteristics at 39 nest sites of lesser prairie-chickens were compared to those at 14 pheasant nest sites. Morisita's Index of niche overlap detected moderate similarities of habitat mixes used by lesser prairie-chickens and pheasants, but location data showed that spatial use of those habitats differed. Vegetation structure around nest sites of the two species differed significantly indicating selection of different habitat for nesting birds, and lesser prairie-chickens nested far from the outer edges of native prairie whereas pheasants nested nearer the outer edges. Despite the modest amount of similarity in mixes of habitats used by lesser prairie-chickens and ring-necked pheasants, we conclude that the two species occupy separate niches given the current extent of habitat in southwestern Kansas. However, if additional habitat loss or fragmentation occurs pheasants may gain competitive advantage over lesser prairie-chickens. Thus, we recommend maintaining and conserving large blocks of native habitat as well as the connectivity between them as a management strategy for maintaining populations of lesser prairie-chickens.
Bond elongation in the anion radical of coordinated tetrazine ligands: A crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational study of a reduced {Re(CO)3Cl} complex

Abstract The binuclear complex [(μ-Me2BPTZ)(Re(CO)3Cl)2] (1), where Me2BPTZ = 3,6-(5-methyl-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine, can be reduced by addition of bis(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) iron(II) (decamethylferrocene, Fc∗), to obtain a stable radical anion form 1 −. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of the radical anion (1 −)(Fc∗+) was conducted and compared with a computational model of the same compound in the neutral and reduced states. As such, this work presents the first structural analysis of a reduced diimine ligand that is coordinated to {Re(CO)3Cl} moieties. Bond-length changes within the tetrazine ring system were consistent with previously reported examples of tetrazine radicals and with calculated structures that show clear elongation of the azo-type N N bond. Consistently atomic charge calculations indicate that the extra electron in the radical anion resides largely at the tetrazine core. A negligible change in the Re–Cl bond length is observed and computed.
What are the implications of the interaction between DDT and estrogen receptors in the body

Abstract The organochlorine pesticide, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), which is fat-soluble and persistent in the body and environment, has estrogenic activity. There has been an apparent association with breast cancer, which has implicated DDT binding with estrogen receptors (ERs). The mechanism of DDT–ER interaction at target sites is similar to estrogen, with protein synthesis resulting in an estrogenic response. Other than the female reproductive sites, DDT could possibly bind to ERs present in other body systems. The recent discovery of a β receptor has introduced a new understanding of estrogen and DDT binding. An understanding of the molecular biology of the DDT–ER interaction in breast tissue could possibly explain the risk of breast cancer. Estrogen and other estrogenic compounds compete with DDT by their estrogenic potential. DDT–ER interaction in the body has wider implications in terms of its genotoxic potential and role in carcinogenesis.
Salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer recurrence after cryosurgical ablation.

Abstract Objectives. To retrospectively determine the outcome of patients treated with salvage three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer recurrence after cryosurgical ablation of the prostate (CSAP). Biochemical control rates and morbidity were analyzed. Methods. Between January 1990 and November 1999, a total of 49 patients initially treated with CSAP were later irradiated because of a rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and/or a positive biopsy at Allegheny General Hospital. The clinical stage before cryosurgery was T1c in 7 patients; T2a in 7 patients; T2b in 10 patients; T3 in 17 patients; and T4 and/or N1 in 8 patients. The Gleason score was 6 or lower in 29 patients, 7 in 11 patients, and 8 or higher in 9 patients. The mean pre-CSAP PSA level was 15.7 ng/mL (range 2.4 to 45). One patient had a PSA level less than 4 ng/mL, 16 had a PSA level of 4 to 10 ng/mL, 21 had a PSA level of 10 to 20 ng/mL, and 11 had a PSA level greater than 20 ng/mL. Before the start of RT, a complete restaging workup was performed and was negative for distant metastatic disease in all 49 patients. The mean interval to recurrence after CSAP was 19 months (range 3 to 78). The mean RT dose to the planning target volume was 62.9 Gy (range 50.4 to 68.4). Results. The mean pre-RT PSA level was 2.4 ng/mL (range 0.1 to 7.4). After RT, the mean nadir PSA level was 0.4 ng/mL (range 0 to 4.2). The mean time to PSA nadir was 5.8 months (range 1 to 15). In 42 patients, the PSA nadir was less than 1.0 ng/mL, in 5 patients the PSA nadir was greater than 1 ng/mL, and in 2 patients the PSA level remained stable. With a median follow-up time of 32 months (range 12 to 85), the overall biochemical control rate was 61%. The mean time to biochemical failure was 14.5 months (range 1 to 47). Of 30 patients with a pre-RT PSA level of 2.5 ng/mL or less, the disease of 22 (73%) was controlled compared with only 8 (42%) of 19 with a pre-RT PSA level greater than 2.5 ng/mL (P = 0.040). Biochemical control occurred in 18 (69%) of 26 patients with a dose of 64 Gy or greater compared with only 12 (52%) of 23 patients with a dose of less than 64 Gy (P = 0.024). The disease of 20 (70%) of 29 patients with a Gleason score of 6 or lower was controlled versus 10 (50%) of 20 patients with a Gleason score of 7 or greater (P = 0.064). Only 2 patients developed subacute morbidity (proctitis and a urethral stricture). All complications resolved with conservative measures. Conclusions. Salvage RT for prostate cancer recurrence after CSAP appears feasible. Our preliminary experience revealed that post-CSAP RT in patients with prostate cancer appears to effectively diminish the post-RT PSA level to a nadir of 1.0 ng/mL or less in most patients. The pre-RT PSA level and radiation dose may be important predictors of biochemical control in the salvage setting. RT as described was associated with minimal toxicity to the gastrointestinal/genitourinary systems. Additional prospective randomized studies are necessary to better assess the role of RT in the treatment of these patients.
Effects of Varying Feedback Accuracy on Task Acquisition: A Computerized Translational Study.

Research has shown that the accuracy of instructions influences responding immediately and under later conditions. The purpose of the present study was to extend this literature and use a translational approach to assess the short- and long-term effects of feedback accuracy on the acquisition of a task. Three levels of inaccurate feedback were compared across groups. Participants who received accurate feedback performed best, while participants exposed to inaccurate feedback performed poorly in direct relation to the degree of inaccuracy. Once inaccurate feedback was corrected, this relation was less apparent. However, the effects of prior exposure to inaccurate feedback persisted in subsequent conditions when participants were exposed to accurate feedback. The effects of feedback accuracy on task acquisition also varied across individuals, suggesting that the effect may be idiosyncratic.
Morphometric and electrophysiological evidence for a diameter-based rate of degeneration in the optic nerve of the rat.

The diameter-based rate of degeneration in the rat's optic nerve was examined using coordinated morphological and electrophysiological techniques. Long-Evans, male rats were implanted with indwelling stimulating electrodes in the optic chiasm and recording electrodes in the stratum opticum of the superior colliculus. After 1 week, unilateral enucleation was performed with the unoperated side serving as the control. Electrically evoked recordings, obtained on the day of enucleation (D0), displayed three distinct peaks, Pre, N1 and P3, with peak latencies of 1.22, 2.22, and 4.04 ms, respectively. In a parallel set of rats, morphological analysis of the optic nerve over D1-7 was performed. Electron micrographs were taken of cross sections of the entire optic nerve from both the enucleated and unoperated (i.e., control) side. Computer-linked morphometric analysis of the ultrastructurally normal axons from each nerve was assembled in three-dimensional, diameter-based histograms at each time point. The control population consisted of axons with diameters ranging from less than 0.5-5.0 microns with a modal peak of 1.5 micron and a well developed tail in the 3.5-5.0 microns range. By D1,2, a selective loss of large diameter (greater than 3.5 microns) axons occurred in the optic nerve, with medium diameter (2.0-3.5 microns) axons degenerating at D4 and smaller diameter populations (less than 2.0 microns) persisting until later time points (D5-7). A linear regression analysis showed an exponential rate of degeneration which was a direct function of axonal diameter. In summary, this study demonstrates that the fiber population of the optic nerve is separable electrophysiologically and by its rate of degeneration, with larger diameter fibers degenerating faster in response to transection.
Reframing the interpretation and application of exercise electrocardiography.

Guidelines recommend that most patients being evaluated for ischemic heart disease (IHD) undergo exercise electrocardiography (ECG), provided that they are able to exercise [(1)][1]. Yet, despite more than 3 decades of data and experience, the test continues to vex interpreting physicians and
WPA for Today: Can the US Afford Economic Recovery?

The Great Recession of 2008, of which the economy is presently struggling to break free, posits the problem of unemployed workers. The job gap � when considering the officially unemployed, the underemployed, and those who have given up looking for work � is well above twenty million workers. This issue is reminiscent of the Great Depression of the 1930s, when there were calls for federal assistance in finding jobs for those unemployed, including direct job creation. As a result, "emergency workers" were employed by the federal government, under the especially created Works Progress Administration (WPA), and became an important part of the economic recovery. In addition to these well-known civilian works programs, this paper will consider new recruits to the military as "emergency workers" following the US entry into WWII. The paper seeks to imagine a WPA for today by outlining what level of investment by the federal government would be required to replicate the same collective program today.
A lack of synergy between membrane-permeabilizing cationic antimicrobial peptides and conventional antibiotics

The rapid rise in morbidity and mortality from drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria has generated elevated interest in combination therapy using antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a candidate drug class to advance the development of combination therapies. Although the literature is ambiguous, the generic membrane disrupting activity of AMPs could enable them to synergize with conventional small molecule antibiotics by increasing access to the cell and by triggering membrane damage mediators. We used a novel assay to measure interactions, expressed as fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), between four conventional antibiotics in combination with four well-characterized, membrane permeabilizing AMPs, against three species of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, giving 40 total pair-wise measurements of FIC with statistical uncertainties. We chose a set of AMPs that are known to dramatically disrupt the membranes of both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Yet none of the membrane permeabilizing antimicrobial peptides interacted synergistically with any of the conventional antibiotic drugs in any organism. Large-scale membrane disruption and permeabilization by AMPs is not sufficient to drive them to act synergistically with chemical antibiotics in either Gram negative or Gram positive microbes.
Chaotic flow-induced vibration of a flexible tube with end mass

Abstract Experimental evidence for chaotic vibrations of a hanging tube with a rigid cylindrical end weight attached is presented. A series of end-mass weights is examined. Bifurcations subsequent to the initial flutter instability result in a variety of complex motions in various domains of the parameter space. The system generically follows a quasi-periodic route to chaos. The data for one particular case is examined in some detail, documenting the quasi-periodic route to chaos with delay-embedding reconstructions of the attractors, dimension calculations and spectral analyses.
Adducts of Titanium Tetrachloride with Alkylselenium Compounds: Molecular Precursors to Titanium Diselenide Films.

Treatment of titanium tetrachloride (2 equiv) with dimethyl diselenide or diethyl diselenide (1 equiv) in hexane at 0 degrees C, followed by crystallization at -20 degrees C, afforded (TiCl(4))(2)(Se(2)(CH(3))(2)) (78%) and (TiCl(4))(2)(Se(2)(CH(2)CH(3))(2)) (63%), respectively, as red and orange crystalline solids. (TiCl(4))(2)(Se(2)(CH(2)CH(3))(2)) is stable in solution and in the solid state at 23 degrees C, but (TiCl(4))(2)(Se(2)(CH(3))(2)) decomposes to TiCl(4)(Se(CH(3))(2))(2), gray selenium, and other products upon standing in hexane solution, in the solid state, or upon sublimation at 250 degrees C. Treatment of titanium tetrachloride with 2 equiv of dimethyl selenide or diethyl selenide in hexane at ambient temperature afforded a spectroscopically pure brick red solid of TiCl(4)(Se(CH(3))(2))(2) (96%) or TiCl(4)(Se(CH(2)CH(3))(2))(2) (96%), respectively. X-ray crystal structures of (TiCl(4))(2)(Se(2)(CH(2)CH(3))(2)), TiCl(4)(Se(CH(3))(2))(2), and TiCl(4)(Se(CH(2)CH(3))(2))(2) were determined to establish solid state nuclearities. (TiCl(4))(2)(Se(2)(CH(2)CH(3))(2)) crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P3(1)21 with a = 12.106(1) A, c = 10.786(1) A, V = 1368.8(4) A(3), and Z = 3. TiCl(4)(Se(CH(3))(2))(2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 8.175(1) A, b = 13.051(1) A, c = 16.871(3) A, beta = 102.675(8) degrees, V = 1756.3(2) A(3), and Z = 4. TiCl(4)(Se(CH(2)CH(3))(2))(2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 6.404(4) A, b = 16.376(7) A, c = 13.058(8) A, beta = 101.45(4) degrees, V = 1342(1) A(3), and Z = 4. TiCl(4)(Se(CH(3))(2))(2) and TiCl(4)(Se(CH(2)CH(3))(2))(2) were evaluated as precursors to titanium diselenide films. TiCl(4)(Se(CH(3))(2))(2) was not a good precursor, but TiCl(4)(Se(CH(2)CH(3))(2))(2) afforded rose-bronze colored titanium diselenide films at substrate temperatures of 500-600 degrees C. The films were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surprisingly, titanium diselenide films prepared from TiCl(4)(Se(CH(2)CH(3))(2))(2) are moisture sensitive and are apparently hydrolyzed by ambient moisture to titanium dioxide and hydrogen selenide. The relevance of the coordination chemistry to the development of precursors to titanium diselenide films is discussed.
Vaccine Adherence in Adolescents

Although a number of routine and catch-up vaccinations are currently recommended for adolescents, coverage rates of these vaccines are currently suboptimal. Routine recommended immunizations for this cohort include vaccines for influenza, human papillomavirus, and meningococcal disease, as well as a booster for tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis. Adolescence is also a critical period for administration of catch-up vaccines for those not fully immunized during childhood. Adolescents who do not seek appropriate preventive healthcare are at risk for significant morbidity and possible mortality. Increasing adolescent adherence to recommended vaccine schedules presents a challenge and opportunity for pediatricians and public health advocates. This article outlines barriers to vaccine compliance among adolescents and discusses strategies to increase vaccine uptake.
Aortic body carcinoma and myocardial infarction in a dobermann pinscher

Dilated cardiomyopathy is the usual cause of congestive heart failure in the dobermann pinscher and was the presumptive diagnosis in an eight-year-old female dobermann pinscher presented for dyspnoea and syncope. This was supported by thoracic radiography and electrocardiographic evidence of ventricular tachycardia. An echocardiogram revealed a left atrial tumour as the principal cause of cardiac failure. Pathological examination confirmed that the tumour was a large aortic body carcinoma in an unusual location. Multifocal myocardial infarctions were also found. This unusual case demonstrates the importance of a complete cardiological examination as part of a diagnostic work up and confirms the necessity of echocardiography as one of the examination methods.
Case Report of Successful Treatment of Pallid Breath-Holding Spells With Glycopyrrolate

Breath-holding spells are a common childhood disorder that typically present before 12 months of age. Whereas most cases are benign, some patients have very severe cases associated with bradycardia that can progress from asystole to syncope and seizures. Treatment studies have implicated the use of several therapies, such as oral iron, fluoxetine, and pacemaker implantation. This is a retrospective study of patients treated with glycopyrrolate for pallid breath-holding spells. Clinical data from 4 patients referred to pediatric cardiology who saw therapeutic benefit from treatment using glycopyrrolate were reviewed to evaluate for clinical response to the drug. Two twin patients, whose symptoms began at 5 months of age, experienced a decrease in breath-holding frequency after 1 month. A patient diagnosed at 7 months of age experienced a decrease in frequency of spells. A patient diagnosed at 10 months of age reported cessation of syncope shortly after initiation of glycopyrrolate and complete resolution of breath-holding spells during prolonged treatment. This case study of 4 patients with pallid breath-holding offers evidence that glycopyrrolate may be beneficial in treating breath-holding spells and has a safer side-effect profile than pacemaker implantation.
Ers-1 and Almaz Ocean Wave Monitoring Experiments

Preliminary results from two ocean wave monitoring experiments conducted in 1991 using the high-altitude ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the low-altitude ex-USSR Almaz 1 SAR are presented. ERS-1 imagery of the Gulf Stream supports the idea that a future wide-swath scansar will be a valuable tool for monitoring large-scale ocean dynamics at high resolution. A direct comparison of ERS-1 and Almaz 1 ocean wave spectra shows major deficiencies in the ERS-1 high range-to-velocity ratio R/V sensor that are partially resolved with the lower-altitude Almaz platform. Optimum wave imaging from space will require both a low R/V and low off-nadir angle.
The Utilisation of Citrates and the Fermentation of Cellobiose by Strains of Bacterium coli Isolated from Human Faeces.

1. Of 585 strains of lactose-fermenting aerobes each isolated from faeces of a different person, 501 did not utilise citrate or ferment cellobiose; 20 were citrate negative and cellobiose positive; 27 were cellobiose negative and citrate positive; and 37 were positive to both tests.2. Almost 10 per cent, of the strains isolated were indol negative.3. One culture was methyl-red negative and Voges-Proskauer positive. Two were positive to both tests. The rest were methyl-red positive and Voges-Proskauer negative.4. It is concluded that the results are not favourable to the use of the citrate or the cellobiose test in routine water analysis.5. A discussion of the taxonomy of the lactose-fermenting aerobes is given. Only two species, Bacterium coli (Escherich) L. and N., and Bacterium aerogenes (Escherich) Chester, are recognised.
Large Commitments to Large Objectives: Planning Education for the Twenty-first Century

The increasing influx of international students into American planning schools has added a new dimension to the ongoing debate about planning education[1]. Recent conferences of the American Collegiate Schools of Planning in Atlanta, Milwaukee, and Los Angeles have devoted a number of panel discussions to international planning education issues.
Pivotal leadership and the art of conversation

Inspired by auto-ethnographic and self-study action research methods, I explore my experience becoming an interim head in an academic department following the death of my department head. I reflect on my experiences using the literature on department head leadership as well as theory and research I have developed regarding a systemic constructionist approach to leadership. My analysis suggests that our current thinking regarding department head and systemic constructionist leadership could be extended in various ways, including by giving additional attention to reflexive practices that enable leaders to attune to the emerging conversational ecology, focusing on the conversational flows that constitute organizational activity, and investigating how material realities and bodies weave themselves into conversational practices.
Consumer transformation through volunteer service experiences

A growing number of consumers are seeking to make a difference through experiences involving interaction and collaboration with organizations that offer charitable service opportunities. These experiences are noteworthy in not only their catalyzing influence on the organization and the beneficiary customer, but also the personal transformation in the volunteer. The authors introduce a phenomenon called transformative charity experiences (TCEs), a triadic framework highlighting an avenue of personal consumer well-being through the transformative effect of service interactions with key stakeholders. Building upon conceptual models proposed in Transformative Services Research and insights from their own embedded charity experiences, the authors introduce how service co-creation from three entities (charity, volunteer, and community) can lead to a transformative effect for the volunteer. An exploratory field study in an international setting provides insights into how the proposed framework accounts for TCEs....
Neurofibromatosis with paraplegia. Report of eight cases.

1. Previous reports of generalized neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) associated with paraplegia are reviewed and eight additional cases are presented and discussed. 2. Paraplegia in these cases may result from spinal deformity (kyphoscoliosis, subluxation, or dislocation), tumor (neurofibroma, meningioma, or fibrofatty tissue), or a combination of tumor and deformity. 3. Myelography should be carried out in all neurofibromatosis patients with paraplegia to determine the site and cause of spinal cord compression. 4. Early spine stabilization should be considered when the potential for paraplegia exists. 5. Laminectomy may increase instability and contribute to paraplegia. When decompression is performed, stabilization of the spine by fusion is indicated as part of the treatment plan. 6. Anterior cervical-spine fusion may afford the best means of stabilization if the destruction is extensive, if laminectomy has already been performed, or if later decompression may be necessary.
Puppet in the Hands of the Ventriloquist: A Jewish Child’s Genetic Heroism

Lori Lefkovitz’s essay 'Inherited Holocaust Memory and the Ethics of Ventriloquism' is a journey through the mental struggles that appear to her as common among the children of Jews that survived the Holocaust. Specifically, Lori, the child of Holocaust survivors, questions her own difficulties as she is troubled by what her inherent thoughts and behavior implies. Her life, as she describes it, is characteristically similar to the role of a puppet in the hands of the ventriloquist, whose every expression is given meaning through the extension of its life giving conductor. Uncomfortably unsure of whether she is somehow taking advantage of her parent’s tragic past, Lori’s essay exposes her battles in coping with the ethical dilemmas that emerge out of a suspicion and contempt for her own motivations.Lori’s life is not at all typical for a normal child of Jewish immigrants. In her essay, she characterizes her behavior as ' Dutifully preserving and passing on words.' She is distinctly different from Elie Weisel, the famous author of the award winning book 'Night', which exposed the horrors that he along with fellow Jews faced in Nazi Death Camps. Though she is compelled to preserve the memories of the Holocaust by relating it to others, it is not an experience for which she has first class knowledge of; for Lori is, as she describes, a '[person] who carr[ies] other people’s memories.' She is so obsessed with the telling of someone else’s story, that she 'feel[s] like a medium through whom other voices speak, the puppet in a ventriloquist act.'
Instilling a Soul into an Organization: The Role of the Accountant

There have been so many financial scandals in the last two decades that people do not trust big business. Firms and CEOs are seen as heartless and without a soul. The accounting profession, unfortunately, has been seen as part of the problem, not the solution. The authors feel that accountants should be at the forefront of those trying to inculcate values into a company. This article provides accountants with ideas on how to do this. Most are not only costless but actually help a firm. The benefits they provide are for the long term and assure growth and success for a firm and include a positive image, satisfied customers, happy and productive employees, high market share, and, probably, increased profits. Companies that are only concerned with “maximizing shareholder wealth” or “maximizing profit” will find themselves going the way Enron went.
V2O5 Polysulfide Anion Barrier for Long-Lived Li–S Batteries

We describe a V2O5 polysulfide anion barrier for a Li–S battery containing a Li metal anode, an organic solvent-based electrolyte, and a nanostructured carbon–sulfur composite cathode that cycles without degradation from dissolution of soluble polysulfide anions. Degradation is prevented by the micrometer-scale V2O5 layer that physically isolates the anode and cathode electrolytes, thus blocking diffusion of dissolved polysulfide anions while permitting solid-state transport of Li+ cations. This divided cell architecture eliminates the interaction of soluble polysulfide with the Li anode. Mechanical integrity of the thin V2O5 layer is achieved by depositing the layer on a commercial polymeric battery separator. In addition, the isolated cathode electrolyte is optimized by the intentional addition of Li2S8, which suppresses redistribution of sulfur within the nanostructured carbon–sulfur composite cathode. A 5 mA h pouch cell of this design has been cycled >300 times over ∼1 year without noticeable degrada...
The Serology of Spores of Bacillus Niger with Special Reference to the H Antigen

Although in most particulars the properties of bacterial spores have received abundant study, little attention has been paid to their serology. Should spores be found to possess an antigenic system distinct from that of vegetative cells of the same species, it would be reasonable to suppose that their presence might diminish the value of antigenic preparations for diagnostic or immunization procedures. From a theoretical point of view, also, the problem offers abundant possibilities. First, it may be asked, are these thick-walled, relatively inert bodies themselves able to induce antibody formation, and, if so, are the antibodies so produced identical with those formed for vegetative cells of the same species? If spores and vegetative cells are thus closely related, do spores contain, in an active form, all of the antigens which eventually appear in the vegetative stage, or are the "potentialities" for this development (which must, it seems, be assumed) nonantigenic? This study is concerned with the last question in an attempt to determine the presence or absence of the H (flagellar, or flocculating) antigen in spores. Since the H antigen is often species specific as contrasted with a group specific O antigen, some light may be thrown upon the relationship of the spore stage to the species as a whole.
On the Application of Meta-fiction in Lolita

In Lolita,Vladimir Nabokov breakthroughs the set pattern of traditional novel by using controversial materials.Furthermore,he tries to make readers believe Humbert confesses his trouble sincerely on the one hand and on the other hand reveals that the novel is a total fabrication by naming and parody as well as ingenious plot arrangement,which characterizes the novel as a meta-fiction of post-modernism.
Chinese College Students' Political Efficacy and Its Influencing Factors in the Internet Era——A Sample Survey of China University of Mining & Technology( CUMT)

With the popularity of the network and the increase of student netizens,the online political participation and political efficacy of college students have received increasing attention. On the basis of literature review,we have adopted stratified sampling method to survey the college students' use of internet in CUMT,offline political participation,political trust and online political participation,and the results indicate that the college students' gender,age,time spent online and content they browsed have a certain influence on their political efficacy,political trust,political participation. The behavior of political participation,political attitude and values of college students are catalyzed to a certain extent in the internet era,taking the form of higher level of cognitive ability and the immunity of the opinion leaders and other groups view,etc. The aim of offline and the online political participation is to get the government's response and to satisfy their interests. The more offline political participation,the stronger the college students' external political efficacy is.
Electric Field Measurement of Switching Impulse Discharge in UHV Tower

Optical-electric integrated sensor was developed for electric filed measurement in long air gap discharge. The advantages of the optical-electric sensor were introduced, and the operating principle of the sensor was explained. Dual channel measurement system was established with this kind of optical-electric integrated sensor, and the system was utilized in the experiment of electric field measurement of the ball-plate gap with impulse signal. The error of the results compared with those of electric field calculation was small. The time domain waveform performance of the system was researched by uniform electric field measurement, and impulse signal was applied in the experiment. It can be concluded from the results of those experiments that the system has small measuring error and good time domain response performance. The discharge electric field of switching surge in the middle phase window of UHV tower was experimentally measured with the dual channel electric measurement system. The peak value and waveform of the electric field were obtained and compared with the simulation results. The effects of corona, steam and leader to the electric field measurement were analyzed. The results of the experiment indicate that the optical-electric measurement system can be used in the research of the UHV long air gap discharge.
Atrophic vaginitis. Can it be prevented as well as treated

Atrophic vaginitis is not only treatable but preventable. Because the vagina is an estrogen-dependent organ, the mainstay of management is estrogen replacement therapy, which should be initiated with the onset of ovarian decline at menopause or when a woman presents with symptoms of atrophic vaginitis. Lubricants and vaginal moisturizers may be useful adjuncts. Regular sexual activity is also helpful in maintaining a healthy, functional vagina.
Lack of Validity of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database for Alloplastic Immediate Postmastectomy Reconstruction.

BACKGROUND The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program is an outcomes-based program with the objective of improving quality of surgical care. With its size and validity, the database has been mined by both general and plastic surgery clinical researchers to provide information for possible risk reduction strategies and patient counseling. However, the 30-day window of the program's database may be inappropriately brief in documentation of complications for some operative procedures. The authors' hypothesis was that the database underestimated complications in alloplastic reconstruction, particularly prosthesis loss. METHODS A cohort of 346 patients and 511 immediate postmastectomy reconstructions was analyzed for reconstruction failure. The inclusion criterion was patients who underwent reconstruction with tissue expanders followed by removal because of complications of infection and/or exposure. The hiatus between surgery (postmastectomy reconstruction) and loss of the tissue expander was recorded. Demographic data and risk factors and postoperative complications of mastectomy skin necrosis and seroma were tabulated. RESULTS Fifty-five tissue expanders were explanted in the postoperative period secondary to infection and/or exposure. Of the total, 19 tissue expanders were explanted within 30 days, 36 after the 30-day window (mean, 62 days; median, 43 days). Approximately 65 percent of the tissue expanders destined for eventual loss were still in situ at 30 days. No significant difference existed between the two groups, early and late, regarding risk factors or postoperative mastectomy skin necrosis and seroma. CONCLUSION The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database significantly underestimates the risk of tissue expander loss because of the 30-day limitation in data accrual. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
Characterization of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticide Metabolites of the DDT and Polycyclodiene Types by Electron Impact and Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

The electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectra for essentially all of the known metabolites, and a few proposed metabolites, and their derivatives of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides, DDT, dieldrin, and aldrin (and their isomers) have been examined. The EI and CI spectra of these systems are in most cases qualitatively and quantitatively different, and, therefore, chemical ionization mass spectrometry adds a new dimension to the MS identification and characterization of these and related compounds as potential environmental agents. In addition, the chemical information derived from both the EI and C1 spectra is appreciable and valuable in studying the metabolism and other degradative processes of these compounds such as their photolysis and thermolysis. Not only was general chemical information obtainable from the mass spectra, but it was also possible to derive stereochemical information. A comprehensive study of this type has clearly demonstrated the combined advantages of E1 and CI mass spectrometry in differentiating closely related systems. Minimum detectability was not a major concern in these studies, but with the aid of multiple ion detection in conjunction with the qualitatively different EI and CI mass spectral patterns for these compounds, it should be possible to confidently identify amounts in the low nanogram or even in the picogram range.
Clause linkage in Ket

Ket is the last surviving member of the Yeniseian family of central Siberia. The language has been the topic of scholarly research for over 70 years, mainly by linguists from the Russian Federation...
WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT | Routine Techniques for Monitoring Bacterial and Viral Contaminants

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by John Watkins, Liz Strazynski, David Sartory, Peter Wyn-Jones, volume 3, pp. 2281–2287, © 1999, Elsevier Ltd.
Advanced nanometer technology analog layout retargeting for lithography friendly design

In this paper a yield-aware template-based analog layout retargeting methodology for lithography-friendly nanometer technology designs is proposed. The yield performance is evaluated by probability of failure (POF), which is independent of any specific defect size, and is improved by wire-widening and wire-shifting inside the retargeting process. The non-traditional design rules, which are becoming prominent in the advanced nanometer technologies, have been tackled in the template. The retargeting flow is demonstrated from 0.18um CMOS technology to 65nm CMOS technology with significant yield improvement.
Effect of heat shock on the thermotolerance and protein composition of Yersinia enterocolitica in brain heart infusion broth and ground pork

The optimum conditions required to induce a heat-shock response in Yersinia enterocolitica in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth were determined. The production of heat-shock proteins and the increased thermotolerance of heat-shocked Yersinia cells in ground pork when exposed to higher temperatures was also examined. Heat shocking Y. enterocolitica cells at 45°C for 60 min consistently resulted in an increased number of survivors to a subsequent treatment of 55 or 60°C in BHI broth when compared with non-heat-shocked controls. D values at 55°C were calculated as 7.7 and 2.0 min and at 60°C as 1.6 and 1.2 min for heat-shocked and control cells, respectively. After examination of heat-shocked cells by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two distinct heat-shock proteins with molecular masses of 70.5 and 58.0 kDa were observed that were not present in the control. Evaluation of heat-shocked and control cell survival in ground pork revealed D 55 values of 15.6 and 6.5 min and D 60 values of 6.7 and 1.7 min, respectively. The results indicate that prior heat shock can induce increased resistance in Y. enteracolitica in ground pork to higher heat treatments. Survival of Yersinia enterocolitica in cooked meat due to the phenomenon of the heat-shock response can become a cause of concern regarding microbiological food safety.
Treatment of Craniopharyngioma in Infancy

A retrospective analysis of the outcome of 50 cases of craniopharyngioma treated in infancy by radical or subtotal surgical excision and irradiation is reported from the Services of Neurosurgery and Endocrinology, Hopital des Enfants Malades, 149, reu de Sevres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France.
A Failure Mechanism of Semiconductor Devices and its Analysis

A group of high gain, small signal, NPN switching transistors were built to a high reliability specification which included pre-encapsulation processing controls and post-encapsulation screening. More than two years after fabrication an excessive number of failures (about 1%) was experienced. These failures were catastrophic in nature, permanently or intermittently open-circuited, and occurred both in fabricated, previously operational equipment, and in fresh, unused stock. Examination of opened units indicated that poor workmanship and quality control were responsible for about half the failures. In each of the remaining units, the fault was determined to be an open circuit in the base, and was localized by electrical microprobing to be in the metallization at the oxide step at the base contact window. However, inspection with optical microscopes at magnifications up to 1000 X did not disclose the exact location of the break in the metallization. (See Figures 1, 2, and 3.) Because of the possible latent nature of the failures, the vendor submitted newly fabricated units in which the metallization process was identical to that of the original process. No essential differences were detected between the older and newer devices. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was introduced to the problem and spectacularly demonstrated its power as a failure analysis tool. Characteristics of the metallization faults were clearly revealed. Figure 40shows that only about 1000 to 1500 A of aluminum remains after etcIing (but before alloying) of the 8000 A deposited. Some small void areas are also visible at the step.
Modular Multi-Microprocessor based Multipoint Communications Network (MCN) Offers Improved Cost/Performance and Future Growth for Today's Terrestrial Critical Control Circuit (TCCC) Networks

The Multipoint Communications Network (MCN) is a distributed multi-microprocessor based message control and switching device developed specifically to replace the antiquated teletypewriter control circuits in the Defense Communications System (DCS). The objective of this new product line is to reduce operating and line costs and to provide the DCS with an open-ended network that allows growth and system evolution into the 1990s. Operational experience in the past three years has indeed proven the value of the MCN, and currently there are a number of enhancements in the development or planning phases that are aimed at taking these systems well into the 1990s.
The Most Critical Health Care Issues for the Next President to Address.

The authors discuss what they believe to be the 5 core principles the next U.S. president should highlight to advance health care and improve the health of Americans.
Robust indoor localization with smartphones through statistical filtering

Location-based service is becoming more and more significant for nowadays mobile applications. In this paper, we develop an indoor localization scheme by only using a smartphone and existing WiFi infrastructure. To fuse both map information and data collected from motion sensors, we exploit particle filters to estimate the probability distribution of location state. However, it is challenging that smartphone sensor data is usually inaccurate due to complicated indoor environment. Therefore we develop a novel filtering technique to reduce the sensor measurement error based on Kalman filter. We evaluate our proposed method over real world traces collected in a large indoor environment of 3750m2, the experimental results have shown that we can achieve a low localization median error of 2.69m based on heading measurements filtered with our Kalman filter, 0.81m lower than the case when low-pass filters are applied.