cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Yield criteria and strain-rate behavior of Zr57.4Cu16.4Ni8.2Ta8Al10 metallic-glass-matrix composites

We have examined the yielding and fracture behavior of Zr57.4Cu16.4Ni8.2Ta8Al10 metallic-glass-matrix composites with a small volume fraction (∼4 pct) of ductile crystalline particles under quasi-static uniaxial tension and compression and dynamic uniaxial compression. The yield stress of the composite is the same for quasi-static tension and compression, consistent with a von Mises yield criterion. The measured average angle between the shear bands and the loading axis in quasi-static compression is 47±2 deg, significantly larger than the value of ∼42 deg typically reported for single-phase metallic glasses. Finite element modeling (FEM) shows that the measured value is consistent with both the von Mises criterion (48±4 deg) and the Mohr-Coulomb criterion (46±5 deg). The fracture surface angles, however, are 41±1 deg (compression) and 54±2 deg (tension), in good agreement with observations of single-phase metallic glasses. At low strain rates ( 100 s−1), the failure stress decreases with increasing strain rate, which again is similar to the behavior of single-phase glasses. These results indicate that while the presence of the particles has a significant effect on the yield behavior of the composites, the fracture behavior is largely governed by the properties and behavior of the amorphous matrix.
On compactness of commutators of multiplications and convolutions, and boundedness of pseudodifferential operators

Commutators [a(M), b(D)] of a multiplication (a(M)u)(x) = a(x) u(x) and a convolution b(D) = F−1b(M)F (F = Fourier transform) are L2-compact if only the continuous functions a and b are bounded and for c = a and c = b we have lim¦x¦→∞sup{¦ c(x + h) − c(x)¦ : ¦ h ¦ ⩽ 1} = 0. An improvement of a result by Calderon and Vaillancourt of boundedness of pseudodifferential operators is discussed (including an independent proof). Similar results on Lp-compactness and Lp-boundedness, 1 < p < ∞, using the Hoermander-Mihlin boundedness theorem on Rn-Fourier-multipliers, and with conditions and proofs different from the case of L2.
Comparison of [3H] phosphatidylinositol and [3H] phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis in postmortem human brain membranes and characterization of stimulation by dopamine D1 receptors

Assessing the function of the phosphoinositide signal transduction system in membranes prepared from postmortem human brain by measuring the hydrolysis of exogenous labeled phosphoinositides has been applied to studies of a variety of CNS disorders in recent years. Two issues concerning such studies were addressed in the current investigation: how do [ 3 H]phosphatidylinositol and [3H] phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate compare as substrates, and how do dopamine D1 receptors influence phosphoinositide signaling? Comparisons of [ 3 H]phosphatidylinositol and [ 3 H]phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis stimulated by guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)-activated G proteins and by several receptor agonists demonstrated that in most cases each substrate gave similar relative results in membranes prepared from prefrontal cortices of six individuals. However, using optimal assay conditions, [ 3 H]phosphatidylinositol produced a greater signal-to-noise ratio compared with [ 3 H]phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Dopamine D1 receptors were demonstrated to be directly coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis in human brain membranes, and this response was shown to be mediated by the G q/11 G protein subtype and by the β-subtype of phospholipase C. Therefore, these results demonstrate that [ 3 H]phosphatidylinositol is a suitable substrate to measure phosphoinositide hydrolysis in human brain membranes and that dopamine D1 receptors directly stimulate this signaling system.
A study of the kinetics and mechanism of ADP-triggered platelet aggregation.

Abstract The time-course of ADP-triggered aggregation of human blood platelets has been followed by sensitive right-angle light scattering intensity measurements as a function of the platelet and fibrinogen concentrations. Rayleigh-Gans light scattering theory has been combined with the Smoluchowski aggregation model to predict the dependence of the right-angle scattering intensity on particle size and concentration as well as the time-dependent changes during aggregation. The validity of the calculations was confirmed by measuring the scattering intensity with suspensions of polystyrene microspheres of known radius, as well as the time-dependent changes in the 90° scattering intensity during aggregation of these particles. However, in contrast to the predictions of the model, the time-course of the scattering intensity changes during platelet aggregation was characterized by single exponential decay with a rate constant which reached a limiting value of 0.017 s −1 at high platelet concentrations. The value of k agg was also independent of the fibrinogen concentration over a 30-fold range. Covalently cross-linked fibrinogen dimers and Fragment D-inhibited fibrin protofibrils yielded aggregation rates that agreed with those measured with fibrinogen. The results indicate that the rate of platelet aggregation is not limited by either the rate of fibrinogen binding or the frequency of platelet-platelet collisions under these conditions.
A test of social learning and intergenerational transmission among batterers

Abstract This research examined the direct and indirect transmission of family-of-origin violence among a sample of male domestic violence offenders. Intergenerational transmission of violence was tested by examining the effects of childhood corporal punishment experiences and witnessing inter-parental physical violence on the odds of reporting minor and severe intimate partner violence perpetration in adulthood. Social learning mechanisms were applied to examine the relationship between abuse experiences and the incidence of minor and severe forms of intimate partner violence. Use of a sample of 204 male domestic batterers attending court-mandated family violence intervention programs in an urban setting revealed considerable variation in minor and severe intimate partner violence. Results from logistic regression models suggested intergenerational transmission and social learning provided distinct mechanisms for both minor and severe forms of intimate partner violence.
A comparative study of antitumour and toxicologic properties of related polyanions

Poly(maleic anhydride) (PMA) homopolymer, DIVEMA copolymer (PCP) and poly(acrylic acid—maleic anhydride) (PAAMA) copolymer were synthesised and separated into discrete molecular weight (MW) fractions. These fractions were tested for antitumour (Lewis lung carcinoma LLC), anti-Friend leukemia (FLV), immunoadjuvant activity, phagocytic activity, sensitization to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inhibition of microsomal mixed functional oxidase enzymes (MMFO). Molecular weight preparations of the three polymers, 10 000 and above, possess pronounced activity against LLC (increased life-span > 35%), FLV (ED50 between 1.6–4.0 mg/kg) and enhanced B lymphocyte activity as measured by increased number of hemolytic plaque forming cells. Molecular weight preparations below 1000 were devoid of these activities. PCP was the most potent inhibitor of MMFO as measured by prolongation of hexabarbital sleeping times. All polymers induced a sensitization to LPS. PCP was the most potent sensitizer followed by PAAMA and PMA. PCP at MW 30 000 and above markedly suppressed phagocytosis as measured by the vascular clearance rate of colloid carbon in mice while MW preparations 2000 stimulated phagocytosis. PMA inhibited phagocytosis to a much lesser degree than PCP. In contrast to PCP, PMA did not stimulate phagocytosis until 7 days after drug administration. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and serum from PCP and PMA-treated mice conferred complete protection against FLV but not LLC in recipient mice. Supernatants from the PEC also transferred protection but not to the same degree as whole cells. These studies begin to delineate the structures and polymer size which possess therapeutic and toxicologic potential.
Role of puberty in multiple sclerosis risk and course

Multiple sclerosis (MS) overwhelmingly presents during the reproductive years, and is more common in females than males. The sexual dimorphism observed in post-pubertal cases is absent in pre-pubertal cases, suggesting that puberty is a key risk period for development of disease, particularly in females. Research has identified several risk factors for MS that occur during the adolescent, or post-pubertal reproductive years, which are associated with clinical presentations later in life. These observations necessitate examination of the biological changes associated with puberty, their interactions with MS risk factors, and potential effects on disease immunopathogenesis. Pediatric and adolescent presentations of MS provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of neuroendocrine changes occurring during puberty and its effect on disease development and disease course. Reviewed is the relationship of MS risk factors and puberty, and differences in disease presentation of pre- and post-pubertal children with MS. Further avenues of research are discussed.
Electron Microscopy of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Events during Division in Tetrahymena pyriformis Strains W and HAM 3

Amicronucleate (strain W) and micronucleate (strain HAM 3) Tetrahymena pyriformis have been studied by light and electron microscopy. Numerous interphase and individually-sectioned organisms in division stages have been examined. In macronuclei of the amicronucleate organisms (strain W) the time of division is characterized by a rather marked chromatin condensation, by morphological changes in nucleoli, and by the presence of dense granules. In macro-nuclei of the micronucleus-possessing organisms (strain HAM 3) little alteration of the interphase morphology is observed at division. Mitochondrial changes and an increase in the amount and complexity of the endoplasmic reticulum are observed in division in the amicronucleate strain. These results show that macronuclear division is more complex than a simple “pinching-in-two” and that loss of the micronucleus may alter the mitotic events of the macronucleus.
Cyclotron motion of two Coulombically interacting ion clouds with implications to Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

This work investigates the cyclotron motion of two Coulombically interacting ion clouds with different mass-to-charge ratios. Trap geometry as well as the shape of each ion cloud determines the maximum number of ions that can be confined in a Penning-like ion trap. We consider the two important cases of either spherically or cylindrically shaped ion clouds. These models exhibit the most important space charge effects in Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry including frequency shifts, amplitude and phase modulation, and phase locking. Both positive and negative frequency shifts are possible for spherical ion clouds when their cyclotron radii differ. Due to the Coulombic ineraction between ion clouds, both cyclotron-radius and phase modulation occur. This modulation increases inversely to the cyclotron frequency difference. Cyclotron phase locking results when two ion clouds have similar mass-to-charge ratios and a sufficiently large ion population, at which point a mass spectrum shows only a single peak. Spherical ion clouds are usually more likely to phase lock than cylindrically shaped clouds. The phase-locking threshold sets limits on the maximum resolution, mass accuracy, and dynamic range achievable by mass spectrometry. Phase locking is treated in detail and our results are compared to previously published experimental data. The present model quantitatively describes the onset of phase locking as well as the general trends in frequency shifts and measured abundances just before phase locking.
Efficacy and safety of reteplase for central venous catheter occlusion in patients with cancer.

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of reteplase for central venous catheter (CVC) occlusion in patients with cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS An open-label, single-arm, prospective study was conducted. Reteplase (0.4 U) was instilled into each catheter lumen with a dwell time of 30 minutes in patients with cancer with a dysfunctional CVC. If the function of the catheter was not restored in 30 minutes, an additional dwell time of 30 minutes was allowed (a total of 60 minutes possible dwell time for the first dose). A second dose was repeated at 60 minutes after the first dose if catheter function was not restored (a total of 120 minutes for up to two doses). The primary efficacy outcome was the restoration of CVC function. RESULTS Of 139 patients who received reteplase, the first-attempt success rate after a 30-minute dwell time was 66.9%. The cumulative success rates at 60, 90, and 120 minutes were 88.5%, 94.7%, and 94.7%, respectively. The variation of patient age, catheter age, CVC occlusion age, CVC type, number of lumen, or occlusion type was not associated with the efficacy of reteplase. There were no treatment-associated adverse events reported during the study period. CONCLUSION Reteplase at 0.4-U dosing per catheter lumen is an effective and safe alternative that rapidly restores the patency of occluded CVCs in patients with cancer.
TRANSITION TO A LAND FLORA: PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE GREEN ALGAE AND BRYOPHYTES

Abstract— Separate cladistic analyses of the green algae, liverworts, and hornworts are presented. Classificatory and evolutionary implications of these analyses, in addition to our previously published cladistic analyses of mosses and the embryophytes as a whole, are discussed. The embryophytes are monophyletic, and are part of a larger monophyletic group that includes some of the green algae (the “charophytes”). Important evolutionary transformations in the early phylogeny of the land plants include: (1) retention of the zygote on the haploid plant (gametophyte), with the sporophyte generation arising de novo by delaying meiosis, (2) independent elaboration of an elongate sporophyte in some liverworts, some hornworts, and in the moss-tracheophyte clade, (3) independent origin of radial (axial) symmetry in the gametophyte in some liverworts and in the moss-tracheophyte clade, (4) independent origin of leaves on the gametophyte in some liverworts and in mosses, and (5) the unique development of a branching sporophyte with multiple sporangia in the tracheophytes.
Response of Deer to Containment by a Poly‐Mesh Fence for Mitigating Disease Outbreaks

Rapidly deployable and effective methods are needed to contain free-ranging deer (Odocoileus spp.) during acute disease outbreaks. We evaluated efficacy of a 2.1-m-tall polypropylene mesh (poly-mesh) fence for containing L 15 free-ranging white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) within a 42-ha area in eastern Nebraska, USA. We observed a 99% decrease in deer leaving the enclosure area after we installed fencing (1 deer jumped; 0.02 deer/hr) compared with prefence rates (5.26 deer/hr). However, 8 deer (53% of censused population) escaped the enclosure during a census drive after our study. Poly-mesh fencing may be effective in temporarily containing free-ranging deer during minimally disruptive deer removal actions such as trapping or sharpshooting.
How to extend and bootstrap an existing data set with real-life degraded images

This paper introduces a methodology for bootstrapping and creating large number of groundtruthed "real-life" degraded images from an existing data set with a fraction of the original cost and time. The real-life degradations include geometric distortions, coffee stains, water or ink marks, and folds and creases. The methodology includes an automatic procedure to generate unlimited "real-life" degraded images (with coffee and ink marks and soil spots) without any cost. A small experiment was conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of our methodology. In the experiment, 22 real-life degraded images and the two original images were tested on a commercial OCR system. The accuracy rates of the OCR for the two original pages are 98.46% and 99.34% while the accuracy rates for the degraded pages are ranging from 57.17% to 98.45%, depending on the severity and the type of degradation applied to the pages.
Fluvial responses to climate and sea‐level change: a review and look forward

Summary Fluvial landforms and deposits provide one of the most readily studied Quaternary continental records, and alluvial strata represent an important component in most ancient continental interior and continental margin successions. Moreover, studies of the long-term dynamics of fluvial systems and their responses to external or ‘allogenic' controls, can play important roles in research concerning both global change and sequence-stratigraphy, as well as in studies of the dynamic interactions between tectonic activity and surface processes. These themes were energized in the final decades of the twentieth century, and may become increasingly important in the first decades of this millennium. This review paper provides a historical perspective on the development of ideas in the fields of geomorphology/Quaternary geology vs. sedimentary geology, and then summarizes key processes that operate to produce alluvial stratigraphic records over time-scales of 103−106 years. Of particular interest are changes in discharge regimes, sediment supply and sediment storage en route from source terrains to sedimentary basins, as well as changes in sea-level and the concept of accommodation. Late Quaternary stratigraphic records from the Loire (France), Mississippi (USA), Colorado (Texas, USA) and Rhine–Meuse (The Netherlands) Rivers are used to illustrate the influences of climate change on continental interior rivers, as well as the influence of interacting climate and sea-level change on continental margin systems. The paper concludes with a look forward to a bright future for studies of fluvial response to climate and sea-level change. At present, empirical field-based research on fluvial response to climate and sea-level change lags behind: (a) the global change community's understanding of the magnitude and frequency of climate and sea-level change; (b) the sequence-stratigraphic community's desire to interpret climate and, especially, sea-level change as forcing mechanisms; and (c) the modelling community's ability to generate numerical and physical models of surface processes and their stratigraphic results. A major challenge for the future is to catch up, which will require the development of more detailed and sophisticated Quaternary stratigraphic, sedimentological and geochronological frameworks in a variety of continental interior and continental margin settings. There is a particular need for studies that seek to document fluvial responses to allogenic forcing over both shorter (102−103 years) and longer (104−106 years) time-scales than has commonly been the case to date, as well as in larger river systems, from source to sink. Studies of Quaternary systems in depositional basin settings are especially critical because they can provide realistic analogues for interpretation of the pre-Quaternary rock record.
Child coping and parent coping assistance during the peritrauma period in injured children.

Pediatric physical injury is a very common, potentially traumatic medical event that many families face each year. The role that child or parent coping behavior plays in emotional recovery from injury is not well understood. This study described coping used by children and coping assistance implemented by parents in the early aftermath of a child's injury. Ten child-parent dyads participated in individual semistructured interviews that were audiorecorded, transcribed, and coded using hierarchical coding schemes. Study findings highlight reliance on a broad range of coping strategies. Although children and parents report some similarities in their perceptions of child coping, parents do not recognize all the coping strategies that children report. This suggests potential for improvement in parent-child communication concerning coping techniques. Parents report a limited number of coping assistance strategies, indicating a niche for preventive programs. Further research should examine coping during the peritrauma period as it relates to physical and emotional outcomes to inform secondary prevention programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Muscle contractile properties in severely burned rats

Burn induces a sustained catabolic response which causes massive loss of muscle mass after injury. A better understanding of the dynamics of muscle wasting and its impact on muscle function is necessary for the development of effective treatments. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent either a 40% total body surface area (TBSA) scald burn or sham burn, and were further assigned to subgroups at four time points after injury (days 3, 7, 14 and 21). In situ isometric contractile properties were measured including twitch tension (Pt), tetanic tension (Po) and fatigue properties. Body weight decreased in burn and sham groups through day 3, however, body weight in the sham groups recovered and increased over time compared to burned groups, which progressively decreased until day 21 after injury. Significant differences in muscle wet weight and protein weight were found between sham and burn. Significant differences in muscle contractile properties were found at day 14 with lower absolute Po as well as specific Po in burned rats compared to sham. After burn, the muscle twitch tension was significantly higher than the sham at day 21. No significant difference in fatigue properties was found between the groups. This study demonstrates dynamics of muscle atrophy and muscle contractile properties after severe burn; this understanding will aid in the development of approaches designed to reduce the rate and extent of burn induced muscle loss and function.
Development of the myogenic response in postnatal intestine: role of PKC

Previous attempts to determine developmental changes in the vascular myogenic response have been confounded by the presence of competing vasoactive stimuli or the use of isolated vessels with marke...
Reduction of spinal loads through adjustable interventions at the origin and destination of palletizing tasks.

Objective:This article evaluates the effectiveness of two interventions: a self-leveling pallet carousel designed to position the loads vertically and horizontally at origin, and an adjustable cart...
Septic Shock Due to Candidemia: Outcomes and Predictors of Shock Development

Background : The present report describes the outcomes of a cohort of patients with Candida induced septic shock. Methods : Retrospective analysis of individuals who had at least one positive blood culture for Candida species ≥ 48 h after ICU admission. Data from patients that developed septic shock within 48 hr of the positive blood culture were compared to non-shock candidemic patients. Patients with a concomitant bacteremia and/or endocarditis were excluded. Results : Fifteen patients with Candida induced septic shock were studied and compared to 35 candidemic patients without shock. Overall mortality was 76% (87 % among those who had shock). A high proportion of non- albicans Candida species causing fungemia (74%) was observed. All patients with shock were receiving antibiotics but not antifungal treatment at the time of shock development, eight were on parenteral nutrition, six on steroids and nine had a cancer history. High dose fluconazole was the most common initial treatment provided. Four patients died before receiving any antifungal treatment. Time in ICU before the development of candidemia was identified as a predictor of shock development (higher chance if fungemia developed Conclusions : Septic shock due to invasive candidiasis is a near fatal condition. No conventional risk factors were identified to predict shock development other than time (shorter) spent in ICU before the development of candidemia. We encourage clinicians to consider the initiation of appropriate empiric antifungal treatment in high-risk patients who develop septic shock while on antimicrobial treatment. doi:10.4021/jocmr536w
An almost non-blocking stack

Non-blocking data structure implementations can be useful for performance and fault-tolerance reasons. And they are far easier to use correctly in a signal- or interrupt-handler context.We describe a weaker class of "almost non-blocking" data structures, which block only if more than some number N of threads attempt to simultaneously access the same data structure. We argue that this gives much of the benefit of fully non-blocking data structures, particularly for signal or interrupt handlers.We present an almost non-blocking linked stack implementation which is efficiently implementable even on hardware providing a single word compare-and-swap operation, while potentially providing the same interface as a well-known fully non-blocking solution, which relies on a double-width compare-and-swap instruction. By making a platform-dependent choice between these, we can implement a signal-handler-safe stack or free-list abstraction that is both portable and exhibits uniformly high performance with any flavor of compare-and-swap instruction.
Ab initio study of the emissive charge-transfer states of solvated chromophore-functionalized silsesquioxanes.

Recent experimental advances in the ability to tune the optical properties of silsesquioxanes by functionalizing them with photoactive ligands have made these compounds attractive candidates for building blocks of photovoltaic materials. We employ state-of-the-art ab initio methodologies to determine the nature of the excited charge-transfer (CT) states that give rise to a large red-shift between absorption and emission in these molecules, in comparison to the corresponding red-shift in the individual ligand. The calculations are based on time-dependent density functional theory and employ the recently developed Baer–Neuhauser–Livshits range-separated hybrid (RSH) functional. Solvent effects are accounted for via a combination of charge-constrained density functional theory and the polarizable continuum model. We find that the experimentally observed red-shift is consistent with identifying the emissive state as a ligand-to-ligand, rather than a ligand-to-silsesquioxane, CT state. We also find that the en...
Homelessness is more than houselessness: a psychologically‐minded approach to inclusion and rough sleeping

Purpose – This paper seeks to identify and remedy a fundamental absence of psychological thinking in the current conceptual framework underpinning services for homeless people.Design/methodology/approach – After describing the psychological limitations of current approaches to homelessness, an attempt is made to define what a psychologically‐minded service culture would look like and the concept of “re‐homing” is introduced. The concept of “psychologically informed environment” is explored as one important practical development in this direction. A brief case study is used to illustrate the power of re‐homing.Findings – Findings and observations relating to the lack of psychologically‐informed practice within current approaches to homelessness and mental health are reported.Originality/value – The originality of this paper lies in its identification of a clear psychological basis for limitations within the current service paradigm for homelessness people and its provision of a new and pragmatic concept of...
Does Selection Mold Molecular Networks

The dissection of molecular networks vital to cellular life can provide important hints about optimal network design principles. However, these hints can become conclusive only if one can determine that natural selection has molded a network9s structure. I illustrate the importance of thorough studies of network evolution with two recent examples, one from genome-scale networks, the other from small transcriptional regulation circuits.
The Interaction of Scalar Mixing and Heat Release in a Reacting Shear Layer

Direct numerical simulation of a reacting shear layer is performed to investigate the mixture fraction field and its dissipation. A systematic study of the influence of heat release is undertaken. Substantial changes, both qualitative and quantitative, in the mixing of an active scalar (with heat release) with respect to a passive scalar are observed.
Intermediate Outcomes of Femoropopliteal Stenting in Women: 3-Year Results of the DURABILITY II Trial

Background This study investigated the effects of gender on the 3-year outcomes of the StuDy for EvalUating EndovasculaR TreAtments of Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery and Proximal Popliteal By usIng the Protege EverfLex NitInol STent System II (DURABILITY II) trial. Methods A total of 287 patients enrolled in the DURABILITY II trial (prospective and nonrandomized trial) were stratified by gender and evaluated for primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency at 3 years. Clinical scores including changes in ankle-brachial index (ABI) and walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) scores were evaluated. Results Overall 190 male and 97 female patients were included for analysis. The 3-year primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates for women versus men were 62.5% vs. 58.8%, 68.5% vs. 64.9%, and 72.1% vs. 67.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). Although ABIs at presentation were similar between women versus men (0.64 vs. 0.65, P < 0.05), women had lower ABI scores at 3 years compared with men (0.85 vs. 0.92, P = 0.03). Women versus men had inferior walking distance scores at presentation (13.6 vs. 25.7, P < 0.001), scores were equalized by 2 years (51.6 vs. 60.8, P < 0.05); however, 3-year follow-up demonstrated less durable results for women versus men (37.3 vs. 58.8, P < 0.05). In addition, women had worse WIQ scores for pain, walking speed, and stair climbing. However, the relative change in scores between men and women were comparable, with both groups seeing similar improvements from baseline for these parameters. Conclusions Women continue to see clinical improvement after intervention, achieving comparable ABIs and walking distance to men at 2 years. These benefits are diminished at 3-year follow-up with women achieving lower absolute ABI and WIQ parameters compared with men, but improved overall compared with scores at presentation.
Structure of VP in Spanish

This chapter deals with the class of verbs in Spanish which have aspectual and copular interpretations, and argues that the structure dominating these verbs is essentailly the same as the structure which was shown in Chapter 2 to be motivated for English: Open image in new window
Revisiting the cost-effectiveness of universal cervical length screening: importance of progesterone efficacy

Background Preterm birth (PTB) is a significant cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that vaginal progesterone therapy for women diagnosed with shortened cervical length can reduce the risk of PTB. However, published cost-effectiveness analyses of vaginal progesterone for short cervix have not considered an appropriate range of clinically important parameters. Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of universal cervical length screening in women without a history of spontaneous PTB, assuming that all women with shortened cervical length receive progesterone to reduce the likelihood of PTB. Study Design A decision analysis model was developed to compare universal screening and no-screening strategies. The primary outcome was the cost-effectiveness ratio of both the strategies, defined as the estimated patient cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) realized by the children. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed by varying progesterone efficacy to prevent PTB. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to address uncertainties in model parameter estimates. Results In our base-case analysis, assuming that progesterone reduces the likelihood of PTB by 11%, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for screening was $158,000/QALY. Sensitivity analyses show that these results are highly sensitive to the presumed efficacy of progesterone to prevent PTB. In a 1-way sensitivity analysis, screening results in cost-saving if progesterone can reduce PTB by 36%. Additionally, for screening to be cost-effective at WTP=$60,000 in three clinical scenarios, progesterone therapy has to reduce PTB by 60%, 34% and 93%. Screening is never cost-saving in the worst-case scenario or when serial ultrasounds are employed, but could be cost-saving with a two-day hospitalization only if progesterone were 64% effective. Conclusion Cervical length screening and treatment with progesterone is a not a dominant, cost-effective strategy unless progesterone is more effective than has been suggested by available data for US women. Until future trials demonstrate greater progesterone efficacy, and effectiveness studies confirm a benefit from screening and treatment, the cost-effectiveness of universal cervical length screening in the United States remains questionable.
Dementia Associated Epileptogenic Abnormalities: Implications for Testing, Treatment and Prognosis (P04.224)

Objective: To describe the unique characteristics of dementia associated with epileptogenic abnormalities. Background Dementia is a progressive decline in cognition, often secondary to neurodegeneration. The AAN guidelines do not currently recommend routine EEG testing in the diagnosis of dementia, yet we have identified patients with epileptogenic abnormalities in the context of dementia and epilepsy. Design/Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with dementia and EEG abnormalities identified by one of the co-authors. Results: Over the last 8 years, seven patients (5 males and 2 females) presenting with cognitive decline were found to have interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on EEG. The median age of symptom onset was 58 years (range: 31-78). Six patients had also described brief confusional spells. IEDs were distributed over the left temporal region in seven, and right temporal in five. Hippocampal atrophy on head MRI was the most commonly identified focal pattern of atrophy, although 1 subject showed predominantly frontal atrophy and another predominantly parietal atrophy. These latter 2 patients were later diagnosed with Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA), respectively. PET or SPECT scans completed in 4 patients showed similar regional abnormalities to those identified on MRI. All seven were treated with anticonvulsants, beneficial effects comprising reduced spell frequency and stabilization in memory decline occurred in five. Three responded to levetiracetam, one to carbamazepine, and one to lacosamide. Resolution of IEDs following anticonvulsants occurred in three. Conclusions: We describe seven patients with cognitive decline and IEDs on EEG, some of whom showed a beneficial response to anticonvulsant therapy. EEG should be considered in patients with cognitive decline, especially those with a concurrent history of confusional spells. Disclosure: Dr. Wicklund has nothing to disclose. Dr. Britton has received personal compensation for activities with Cyberonics, Inc. as a consultant. Dr. Josephs has nothing to disclose.
Modeling Mental Workload and Task Performance for Indirect Vision Driving

Cognitive workload and task performance are modeled for indirect vision driving with fixed flat panel displays. The model is derived from the results of a field study in which eight participants ne...
Robust uniform persistence in discrete and continuous dynamical systems using Lyapunov exponents.

This paper extends the work of Salceanu and Smith [12, 13] where Lyapunov exponents were used to obtain conditions for uniform persistence in a class of dissipative discrete-time dynamical systems on the positive orthant of $\mathbb{R}^m$, generated by maps. Here a unified approach is taken, for both discrete and continuous time, and the dissipativity assumption is relaxed. Sufficient conditions are given for compact subsets of an invariant part of the boundary of $\mathbb{R}^m_+$ to be robust uniform weak repellers. These conditions require Lyapunov exponents be positive on such sets. It is shown how this leads to robust uniform persistence. The results apply to the investigation of robust uniform persistence of the disease in host populations, as shown in an application.
Water and Wastewater Infrastructure in the United States: The Clean Water-Energy-Climate Nexus

Just a few years after Congress passed the 1972 CWA Amendments, former EPA Administrator Russell Train wrote: "One of the major challenges to our society, and specifically to our states and localities, is to deal e8ectively with the issues of growth. These issues will involve an increasing shift in emphasis from abatement to the prevention of pollution. In terms of technology, EPA must seek not simply to encourage the development of more sophisticated kinds of “add-on” controls, but to push effectively for basic changes in the processes themselves. In terms of life-style changes and land use environmental policy decisions, the EPA must encourage the states and localities — and their citizens — to really come to grips with the complex and critical consequences posed by our patterns and pressures for physical growth."Unfortunately, although there has been a lot of innovation in the design of water and wastewater systems over the past forty years, most communities have elected not to adopt them, and, for the most part, Administrator Train’s admonitions have gone unheeded. If this practice continues in the twenty-first century, regardless of how much money we pour into our water and wastewater infrastructure, it is reasonable to predict that we will find ourselves back in the same position in another forty years. Moreover, the use of twentieth-century infrastructure will continue to exacerbate climate change through its large energy costs and will fail to address the more difficult water management challenges that are likely to occur in a warming world. Technologies are readily available to forge a more sustainable infrastructure path for the next forty years. It is largely a matter of finding the legal, policy, and financing tools needed to support and promote them.
LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE OF LIVER AND ITS RELATION TO THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE RAT

The relationship between the thyroid hormone and enzyme activity has been studied in this work. Changes in metabolic rate have been reported by various investigators to parallel certain changes in enzyme activity. Thus enzyme studies on liver homogenates from thyrotoxic rats have shown an increase in cytochrome oxidase, succinoxidase (I), and n-amino acid oxidase activities (2). A decrease in the concentration of these enzymes and of cytochrome c (3) was noted following thyroidectomy. Since lactic acid metabolism seems to be disturbed in hyperthyroidism, as evidenced by increased blood lactic acid values and decreased lactate tolerance (4-7), the present work was undertaken to find out whether changes in liver lactic dehydrogenase activity could be observed similar to those reported for the above oxidative enzymes. Lactic acid oxidation has been studied for the most part in heart muscle systems (S-12), but data have also been reported for liver and other organs (10, 13). In an approach to this problem, it was found that optimum conditions had not yet been described for a study of liver lactic dehydrogenase. In this report such conditions are presented in conjunction with a comparison of data obtained from normal and from (1) thyroparathyroidectomized, (2) thiouracil-treated, and (3) thyroid-fed rats.
Total cell content of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) in neonatal neutrophils: relationship to gestational age

Neonatal neutrophils (PMN) exhibit a well-documented defect in chemotaxis that is associated with several abnormalities of PMN structure and function, including deficient surface expression of CR3 (CD11b/CD18), a critical adhesion molecule, on chemoattractant- activated PMN. We recently documented that deficient surface expression of CR3 on stimulated neonatal PMN is due principally to a deficiency in total cell content of CR3. In the current studies, we tested the hypothesis that total cell CR3 content of PMN is even more profoundly deficient in premature infants and that PMN CR3 content is directly related to gestational age. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for CR3 showed that PMN lysates from term neonates ( > or = 37 weeks gestation) contain about 60% of adult PMN levels of CR3, whereas PMN from premature infants (range of 27 to 36 weeks gestation) contained a mean of about 30%, ranging from 10% to 48% (P or = 35 weeks gestation had PMN LFA-1 content that was less than 85% of its adult control. We concluded that CR3 total cell content is more profoundly deficient in premature than in term neonates, that at birth there is a direct relationship between PMN CR3 content and gestational age, and that LFA-1 is deficient only in prematures less than 35 weeks of gestational age. Below 30 weeks gestation, CR3 content of PMN approached that seen in genetic deficiency of the CD18 family of leukocyte integrins, or type 1 leukocyte adhesion deficiency, underscoring the severity of this host impairment in very early preterm neonates.
A New Species of Hyperolius (Amphibia: Hyperoliidae) from Príncipe Island, Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe

Abstract: I describe a new species of reed frog (Hyperolius: Hyperoliidae) from the island of Principe in the Gulf of Guinea archipelago. The new species is within the Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris species complex, which includes four described species: H. cinnamomeoventris, H. veithi, H. molleri, and H. thomensis. The new species is sexually monochromatic (males and females have green dorsal coloration) and is thus distinguished from H. cinnamomeoventris, which is sexually dichromatic, and from H. veithi, in which both males and females are tan with yellow dorsolateral lines. The new species is smaller in size than H. thomensis, and differs in coloration from H. molleri and H. thomensis by lacking a black contour along the edges of the green/yellow band of coloration that extends down the dorsal side of the thigh, by lacking red/orange coloration on the dorsal and ventral sides of the thigh, and in the mitochondrial 16s and cytochrome-b genes. Furthermore, previous work indicates that the new species is d...
Alpha-Seele und Beta-Seele

Bitte, lassen Sie es mich ein weiteres Mal betonen: Es geht mir vor allem um Vorstellungsbilder, nicht um exakte Beweise, dass der Sinn irgendwo in einem speziellen Hirnlappen zu finden ware. So, das habe ich jetzt wieder gesagt. Jetzt kommt namlich ein tiefer Gedanke.
Heavy Ion, Proton and Electron Single-Event Effect Measurements of a Commercial Samsung NAND Flash Memory

Heavy ion, proton and electron single-event effect measurements of 8Gb Samsung single level NAND flash memory are reported. An increase in the heavy ion single bit upset (SBU) cross section was observed on devices that were irradiated with 60Co previously. The proton susceptibility is less than expected. No electron induced upsets were observed.
Determinants of the overuse of imaging in low-risk prostate cancer: A systematic review.

Abstract Background The overuse of radiologic services, where imaging tests are provided in circumstances where the propensity for harm exceeds the propensity for benefit, comprises a risk to patient safety and a burden on health care systems. Advanced imaging in the staging of low-risk prostate cancer is considered an overused procedure by many professional societies, yet the determinants that drive this phenomenon are not fully appreciated. Methods We systematically searched published literature within MEDLINE and Embase from January 1998 to March 2017. We searched for studies conducted in the United States that contain original data and describe determinants associated with the overuse of imaging in low-risk prostate cancer. Paired reviewers independently screened abstracts, assessed quality, and extracted data. We synthesized the identified determinants as patient-level, clinician-level, or system-level factors of overuse. Results A total of 14 articles were included; the 13 empirical studies defined overuse as being the use of imaging that was discordant with clinical guidelines. Patient- and system-related factors were most commonly described as being associated with overuse; clinician-level determinants were examined infrequently. Older patient age (n = 5), more patient comorbidities (n = 7), and characteristics related to geography (n = 6), higher regional income (n = 6), and less education (n = 5) were the most consistently identified statistically significant determinants of overuse. Meaningful differences were detected between health care settings; large integrated health care systems provided less variable care and had lower rates of overuse. Clinical indicators related to prostate cancer were inconsistently associated with overuse. Conclusion Many patient- and system-related determinants were identified as contributing to the overuse of advanced imaging to stage low-risk prostate cancer. Overuse may be the consequence of systematized clinician behavior and be relatively invariant of patient characteristics. The identified system-level determinants suggest that payment models that are not tied to volume or that reward, enhanced care co-ordination may curb overuse. We propose further examination of physician-level determinants and implore researchers to rank the relative importance of the identified factors and to test their influence through experimental and quasi-experimental methods.
Scenescapes: how qualities of place shape social life

Commuters emerge from a crowded subway station to the aroma of fresh coffee, the stench of motor vehicle exhaust, and the hustle and bustle of the business district coming to life. Students stroll ...
Unsupervised approach to generate informative structured snippets for job search engines

Aiming to improve user experience for a job search engine, in this paper we propose an idea to switch from query-biased snippets used by most web search engines to rich structured snippets associated with the main sections of a job posting page, which are more appropriate for job search due to specific user needs and the structure of job pages. We present a very simple yet actionable approach to generate such snippets in an unsupervised way. The advantages of the proposed approach are two-fold: it doesn't require manual annotation and therefore can be easily deployed to many languages, which is a desirable property for a job search engine operating internationally; it fuses naturally with the trend towards Mobile Web where the content needs to be optimized for small screen devices and informativeness.
Malignancies Before and After Transplantation

The success of solid organ transplantation has improved dramatically over the past decades in large part due to the potency of immunosuppressive regimens. However, these regimens, with their prolonged depression of the recipient immune response, may also enhance reactivation of latent malignancy, enhance the development of de novo malignancy and, though rare, support the inadvertent transmission of malignancy from donor to recipient. Compared to the general population, the chronic use of immunosuppressive agents increases the long-term risk of malignancy. Additionally, end-stage renal disease, in and of itself, confers an increased risk of malignancy.