cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intussusception: indications for ultrasonography and an explanation of the doughnut and pseudokidney signs.

Ultrasonography has been shown to be valuable in the detection of intussusception [9–13], but a question arises, as to just when this study should be performed. Should it be a general screening procedure or should it be utilized for specific cases only? Upon reviewing the literature, and the findings in 14 of our patients, we feel that it should be utilized as a general screening procedure. In addition, we offer a different explanation for the typical doughnut and pseudokidney signs seen with intussusception.
Overview Of Coherent Lightwave Communications

In this paper, an overview of coherent lightwave communications (CLC) was given for the new comer to the field and also to discuss the various components of a CLC system to highlight the papers that were to be presented in the session to follow during the day. The topics covered included: (i) comparison of CLC to direct detection system, (ii) advantages of CLC systems, (iii) modulation formats and their relative advantages, (iv) polarization controllers and polarization preserving fibers, (v) examples of systems demonstrated in the laboratory, (vi) application areas of CLC in long-haul communications, local area networks and space communications. The reader is refered to (i) the many excellent articles in this proceeding, (ii) to the following references, for further details an all aspects of coherent lightwave communications.
Epitope specificity and immunoaffinity purification of the major peanut allergen, Ara h I

The antigenic and allergenic structure of Ara h I, a major allergen of peanuts, was investigated with the use of seven monoclonal antibodies obtained from BALB/c mice immunized with purified Ara h I. Previous work with monoclonal antibodies produced to allergens has primarily been done with inhalant allergens. Only recently have the major allergens of various foods been determined so that investigations with monoclonal antibodies into the allergenic epitopes could begin. When used as a solid phase in an ELISA, these monoclonal antibodies captured peanut antigen, which bound human IgE from patients with positive results to challenges to peanuts. The Ara h I monoclonal antibodies were found to be specific for peanut antigens when binding for other legumes was examined. In ELISA inhibition studies with the monoclonal antibodies, we identified four different antigenic sites on Ara h I. In related studies with pooled human IgE serum from patients with positive results to challenges to peanuts, we identified three similar IgE-binding epitopes. As a means of purifying the Ara h I allergen, we prepared an immunoaffinity column with monoclonal antibody 8D9. We eluted from this column the allergen Ara h I, which had a mean molecular weight of 63.5 kd and which bound human IgE from individual and pooled serum of patients with peanut sensitivity.
Adaptive quadrature on a message-passing multiprocessor

Abstract We present an adaptive quadrature algorithm for message-passing multiprocessors. One node processor is specially designated to collect partial sums and dynamically balance the work-load. Four different redistribution strategies are considered. Results and timings for several different functions are given.
Not in my backyard: Las Vegas residents protest casinos

Casino gambling is becoming increasingly attractive to jurisdictions facing severe fiscal crises. Evidence suggests that casinos bring jobs and increased government revenues. However, attitudes and concerns of local residents regarding the location of casinos in their community should be considered in decisions regarding casino legalization. This paper analyzes the importance of factors associated with the selection of homes by persons living in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. A random survey of 967 recent home purchasers was analyzed. Proximity to a casino is of some importance to home purchasers. As expected, purchasers of more expensive homes and those with children in the household were more concerned about casino locations than others. But casinos were not the only concern of purchasers. Crime, industrial plants, and potential nuclear waste route locations were of greater concern than casino proximity. On the other hand, casino locations were of greater concern than shopping centers and fast food restaurant locations.
Synthesis of l‐(N‐acelylpiperidino)‐4‐aryl semicarbazides as possible anticonvulsants

Six 1-(N-acetylpiperidino)-4-aryl semicarbazides were synthesized from ethyl-N-piperidino-aeetatc which on treatment with hydrazine hydrate was converted into N-piperidinoacethydrazide. The resulting hydrazide on treatment with the appropriate arylisoeyanales formed l -(N-acelyl-piperidino)-4-aryl semicarbazides. Amongst these piperidinosemicarbazides, three compound possessed low anticonvulsanl activity and provided 20-40% protection against pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in mice. All piperidino semicarbazides (0.1 mM) possessed antihemolytic activity (13-35%) and caused 40-72% inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity of rat brain homogenates at a final concentration of 0.3 mM.
Sorting Signals That Mediate Traffic of Chitin Synthase III between the TGN/Endosomes and to the Plasma Membrane in Yeast

Traffic of the integral yeast membrane protein chitin synthase III (Chs3p) from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface and to and from the early endosomes (EE) requires active protein sorting decoded by a number of protein coats. Here we define overlapping signals on Chs3p responsible for sorting in both exocytic and intracellular pathways by the coats exomer and AP-1, respectively. Residues 19DEESLL24, near the N-terminal cytoplasmically-exposed domain, comprise both an exocytic di-acidic signal and an intracellular di-leucine signal. Additionally we show that the AP-3 complex is required for the intracellular retention of Chs3p. Finally, residues R374 and W391, comprise another signal responsible for an exomer-independent alternative pathway that conveys Chs3p to the cell surface. These results establish a role for active protein sorting at the trans-Golgi en route to the plasma membrane (PM) and suggest a possible mechanism to regulate protein trafficking.
HOW TO THINK QUANTUM-LOGICALLY

The heart of the quantum-logical interpretation of quantum mechanics is the following ‘proportion’: $$\frac{{CEOMETRY}}{{GENERALRELATITY}} = \frac{{LOGIC}}{{QUANTUMMECHANICS}}$$
Optimal Experimentation for Selecting Stable Milling Parameters: A Bayesian Approach

Bayesian methods are a powerful tool when making decisions in the presence of uncertainty. Not only do they provide a mathematical framework of incorporating information from both theoretical and experimental sources, but they also quantify the value that can be gained from additional information, such as further experimentation. Consequently, experimental design can be optimized directly in terms of the value added. Manufacturing decisions can often depend on complex functions. In this work, Bayesian methods for predicting functions are explored. First, Brownian distributions, a relatively simple class of distributions with some useful properties are introduced. To illustrate how Brownian distributions can be used in a manufacturing situation, experimental design for stability limit prediction is treated in a case study. In addition, a method of building general distributions from underlying dynamical models is introduced.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A High Affinity, High Stability Photoacoustic Agent for Imaging Gastrin Releasing Peptide Receptor in Prostate Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of targeted photoacoustic imaging (PAI) in providing molecular information to complement intrinsic functional and anatomical details of the vasculature within prostate lesion. Experimental Design: We developed a PAI agent, AA3G-740, that targets gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), found to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer. The binding specificity of the agent was evaluated in human prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and LNCaP, and antagonist properties determined by cell internalization and intracellular calcium mobilization studies. The imaging sensitivity was assessed for the agent itself and for the PC3 cells labeled with agent. The in vivo stability of the agent was determined in human plasma and in the blood of living mice. The in vivo binding of the agent was evaluated in PC3 prostate tumor models in mice, and was validated ex vivo by optical imaging. Results: AA3G-740 demonstrated strong and specific binding to GRPR. The sensitivity of detection in vitro indicated suitability of the agent to image very small lesions. In mice, the agent was able to bind to GRPR even in poorly vascularized tumors leading to nearly 2-fold difference in photoacoustic signal relative to the control agent. Conclusions: The ability to image both vasculature and molecular profile outside the blood vessels gives molecular PAI a unique advantage over currently used imaging techniques. The imaging method presented here can find application both in diagnosis and in image-guided biopsy. Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3721–9. ©2014 AACR .
Design of a 5-Gb/s PRBS generator in 0.18μm CMOS process

High frequency CMOS design techniques, with attention to design for test, were used to create a 5-Gb/s 2^7-1 pseudo-random bit sequence generator (PRBS) for high-speed digital signal test in a standard 0.18μm CMOS technology. The design utilized optimized current mode logic (CML) cells to realize the digital logic functions as well as inductively peaked output drivers to maximize circuit bandwidth. The design was verified both through Spectre simulations and lab measurements.
Some analysis methods for rotating systems with periodic coefficients

Two of the more common procedures for analyzing the stability and forced response of equations with periodic coefficients are reviewed: the use of Floquet methods, and the use of multiblade coordinate and harmonic balance methods. The analysis procedures of these periodic coefficient systems are compared with those of the more familiar constant coefficient systems. Previously announced in STAR as N82-23702
Wnt Regulation of Progenitor Maturation in the Cortex Depends on Shh or Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

In the embryonic mouse cerebral cortex, progenitors in the ventricular zone (VZ) undergo a developmental change between embryonic day 13 (E13) and E15. This results in the generation of a secondary proliferative population and the appearance of a second germinal layer, the subventricular zone (SVZ). We have shown previously that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) act antagonistically to regulate the development of a subset of SVZ progenitors that normally express a high level of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and divide in response to EGF. In the present study, we show that Wnt 7a, Wnt 7b, and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) promote progenitor maturation in explant cultures, as reported for FGF2. Wnts 7a and 7b also stimulate the proliferation of neurogenic progenitors and increase the number of cells that can generate primary neurospheres. To determine whether Wnts, FGF2, and Shh act independently or in a common pathway, each factor was inhibited in cortical explants. This revealed that endogenous Wnts, FGF2, and Shh normally contribute to progenitor maturation. Moreover, Wnt 7a depends on FGF2 or Shh to promote maturation but not proliferation. Maturation induced by blocking BMPs also depends on Shh. In contrast, FGF2 promotes maturation by a Shh-independent mechanism. In vivo, progenitors infected with a Wnt 7a retrovirus at E10.5 were found preferentially in the SVZ at E16.5. These findings suggest that Wnts depend on Shh or FGF2 to promote progenitor maturation to an SVZ state in the embryonic cortex.
Advanced Phosphate Glasses For High Average Power Lasers

Phosphate glass compositions with superior properties for operation as active elements in high average power lasers have been developed. Large, high optical quality castings of these new glasses that are free of metallic inclusions have been made by Schott Glass Technologies and by Hoya Optics. The laser requirements, glass development strategy, and the resultant laser and thermo-mechanical properties of the advanced phosphate glasses are analyzed.
A Statistical Model of Tire Uniformity Distributions

Abstract Uniformity data on large populations of tires do not follow a normal distribution function. A more fitting model is described, one that is based on the general variations occurring in the manufacturing process. It is checked against actual distributions of force and runout data. A few predictive rules are derived.
Oxidation of [U-1 4 C] Palmitic Acid by Cock Spermatozoa

Abstract When washed cock spermatozoa were incubated with [U-1 4 C] palmitic acid at 37 C for 2 hr under aerobic conditions, radioactivity was recovered as carbon dioxide indicating the fatty acid was oxidized. Little if any radioactivity was recovered as carbon dioxide when spermatozoa were killed by boiling, indicating the necessity for viable spermatozoa for the successful incorporation and oxidation of palmitic acid. To determine whether the oxidation of palmitic acid could serve as a source of energy for cock spermatozoa, ATP concentrations of spermatozoa were compared immediately following ejaculation and after 1, 2, and 3 hr of incubation (37 C) with and without the addition of palmitic acid. At 1, 2, and 3 hr of incubation, spermatozoa with palmitic acid as a substrate produced significantly (P≤.03) more ATP (2.62, 2.24, and 1.26 μg ATP/109 cells, respectively) than did spermatozoa without palmitic acid (1.62, 1.11, and .79 μg ATP/109 cells, respectively). These findings indicate that palmitic acid, one of the most abundant long-chain saturated fatty acids in cock spermatozoa, can be utilized as a source of energy.
Interference-Aware MAC Protocol for Wireless Networks by a Game-Theoretic Approach

We propose an interference-aware MAC protocol using a simple transmission strategy motivated by a game- theoretic approach. We formulate a channel access game, which considers nodes concurrently transmitting in nearby clusters, in- corporating a realistic wireless communication model - the SINR model. Under inter-cluster interference, we derive a decentralized transmission strategy, which achieves a Bayesian Nash Equi- librium (BNE). The proposed MAC protocol balances network throughput and battery consumption at each transmission. We compare our BNE-based decentralized strategy with a centralized globally optimal strategy in terms of efficiency and balance. We further show that the transmission threshold should be adaptively tuned depending on the number of active users in the network, crosstalk, ambient noise, transmission cost, and radio-dependent receiver sensitivity. We also present a simple dynamic procedure for nodes to efficiently find a Nash Equilibrium (NE) without requiring each node to know the total number of active nodes or the channel gain distribution, and prove that this procedure is guaranteed to converge.
Emerging Adult Civic and Political Disengagement: A Longitudinal Analysis of Lack of Involvement with Politics.

Political engagement among U.S. emerging adults aged 18 to 24 was examined via quantitative and qualitative data. The data analyzed are from the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR). The NSYR consists of three waves of a nationally representative (a) telephone survey (Wave 1 n = 4,161), (b) in-person interviews (Wave 3 n = 230) collected with adolescents and emerging adults, and (c) in the first wave, their parents (n = 3,235). Third-wave interview transcripts are examined for descriptions of political engagement. Findings indicate that emerging adults are generally politically disengaged. Political engagement is disaggregated into six types based on levels of and motivations for political engagement. A number of hypotheses are examined for explanations of political involvement variance. Voluntary association participation, religious practices, political affiliation, and parental political engagement are found to be insufficient explanations. Results indicate that individualized moral beliefs are a...
An Empirical Investigation Of Adolescent Depression, Alcohol Use, And Health Issues: Evidence From Family Structure And Gender

A hundred and fifty (150) cases were chosen from the 2007 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The study examined the relationship between alcohol use and depression and considered the impact of family structure and gender. Using ANOVA, it was concluded that family structure did not have a significant impact on the relationship between alcohol use and depression. Similar results were found when gender was also analyzed.
The neural control of singing

Singing provides a unique opportunity to examine music performance—the musical instrument is contained wholly within the body, thus eliminating the need for creating artificial instruments or tasks in neuroimaging experiments. Here, more than two decades of voice and singing research will be reviewed to give an overview of the sensory-motor control of the singing voice, starting from the vocal tract and leading up to the brain regions involved in singing. Additionally, to demonstrate how sensory feedback is integrated with vocal motor control, recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research on somatosensory and auditory feedback processing during singing will be presented. The relationship between the brain and singing behavior will be explored also by examining: (1) neuroplasticity as a function of various lengths and types of training, (2) vocal amusia due to a compromised singing network, and (3) singing performance in individuals with congenital amusia. Finally, the auditory-motor control network for singing will be considered alongside dual-stream models of auditory processing in music and speech to refine both these theoretical models and the singing network itself.
Computer Controlled Oral Test Administration: a Method and Example

A computer tape recorder interface was designed, which permits automatic oral administration of "true-false" or "multiple-choice" type tests. This paper describes the hardware and control program software which were developed to implement the method on a DEC PDP 11 computer. The method is illustrated by an extended example that describes automatic oral administration of the Minnesota M ultiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Similar concepts may be applied to implement the idea for other computer systems or other tests. The principal advantage of this method is that it does not require an expensive computer terminal. Auxiliary programs may be used for subsequent batch mode test scoring and analysis.
Cell therapy to remove excess copper in Wilson's disease

To achieve permanent correction of Wilson's disease by a cell therapy approach, replacement of diseased hepatocytes with healthy hepatocytes is desirable. There is a physiological requirement for hepatic ATP7B-dependent copper (Cu) transport in bile, which is deficient in Wilson's disease, producing progressive Cu accumulation in the liver or brain with organ damage. The ability to repopulate the liver with healthy hepatocytes raises the possibility of cell therapy in Wilson's disease. Therapeutic principles included reconstitution of bile canalicular network as well as proliferation in transplanted hepatocytes, despite toxic amounts of Cu in the liver. Nonetheless, cell therapy studies in animal models elicited major differences in the mechanisms driving liver repopulation with transplanted hepatocytes in Wilson's disease versus nondiseased settings. Recently, noninvasive imaging was developed to demonstrate Cu removal from the liver, including after cell therapy in Wilson's disease. Such developments will help advance cell/gene therapy approaches, particularly by offering roadmaps for clinical trials in people with Wilson's disease.
Invariant Differential Operators and the Iwasawa Direct Image

We start our main business, the study of invariant differential operators, by using certain invariance properties with respect to certain subgroups arising from basic decompositions. This chapter deals with the Iwasawa and Cartan Lie decompositions, which are immediate on GL n (R) or SL n (R). Further chapters will deal with the properties which arise from other decompositions.
Just World Beliefs Are Associated With Lower Levels of Metabolic Risk and Inflammation and Better Sleep After an Unfair Event.

This study's goal was to conduct a preliminary test of the theory that just world beliefs can buffer against negative physiological outcomes after people experience certain types of negative life events by testing associations between just world beliefs and physiological outcomes among people with different life event histories. In a sample of 247 adults (Mage = 46.01; 24.31% men; 60.78% White), this research investigated the relationship between just world beliefs and metabolic symptoms, inflammation, and sleep among people who had recently experienced an unfair event, another type of negative event, or no negative event. Stronger just world beliefs correlated with lower metabolic risk, lower inflammation, and better sleep among people who had recently experienced an unfair event, but not among those in the other two event groups. These findings suggest that people's beliefs about the world may interact with their life experiences in ways that have implications for health-relevant outcomes.
Delayed-onset endophthalmitis following cataract surgery caused by Acremonium strictum.

This case represents the fi rst report of Acre- monium strictum endophthalmitis. Endophthalmi- tis caused by A. strictum may share clinical features typical of endophthalmitis due to Propionibacterium acnes (such as delayed onset of the infection and white plaque-like material in the capsular bag). (Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2005;36:506-507.)
Micro chemical investigation of medicinal plants. VII

A simplified procedure is described for the isolation of the yellow compound from catalpa seeds. This compound exhibits two crystal forms. Based on chemical tests and spectral analysis, the structure of the compound appears to be 5,6-dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone, previously unknown as a natural product.
A Flamelet Approach for Modeling of (LOX)/Methane Flames at Supercritical Pressures

A comprehensive theoretical/numerical framework has been established to treat the combustion of liquid oxygen (LOX) and methane under supercritical conditions. The model accounts for detailed LOX/methane reaction mechanisms, and accommodates the effect of scalar dissipation on finite-rate chemistry. Turbulence closure is achieved by a large-eddy simulation technique. Several different turbulent combustion models are implemented and assessed by comparing the chemical and turbulence time scales at conditions typical of liquid-propellant engine rocket operation. Results indicate that the flamelet assumption is appropriate. The direct-closure approach may over-predict the reaction rate. The supercritical mixing and combustion LOX and methane downstream of a splitter are analyzed systemically, and the effects of real-fluid thermodynamics on the cryogenic-fluid flame evolution are quantified.
Effects of U-37883A, a vascular selective KATP+ channel antagonist, in the pulmonary and hindlimb circulation.

The effects of the vascular selective nonsulfonylurea guanidine ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP+) channel-blocking agent U-37883A on vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses were investigated in the pulmon...
Modeling cure induced damage in Fiber Reinforced Composites

A novel computational model is introduced to analyze the effect of the curing process on the subsequent mechanical response of fiber reinforced composite structures. Evaluations are made at the microscale where representative volume elements (RVEs) are analyzed with periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) using the finite element (FE) method. The commercial software ABAQUS is used as a solver, supplemented by user written subroutines. The transition from a continuum to damage and failure is effected by using the Crack Band model which preserves mesh objectivity. Results are presented for a hexagonal packed RVE whose matrix portion is first subjected to curing and subsequently to mechanical loading. The effect of the fiber packing randomness on the microstructure is analyzed. It is noted that throughout the analysis, the possibility of failure is accommodated, i.e. failure can take place during the cure cycle and prior to application of mechanical loads under appropriate external conditions.
Susceptibility of Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera : Acrididae) nymphs to Steinernema carpocapsae and S. scapterisci (Nematoda : Steinernematidae)

Infective juveniles of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser and Steinernema scapterisci Nguyen & Smart infected nymphal grasshoppers under petri dish and simulated field conditions. S. carpocapsae caused higher mortality and was more infective (number of nematodes gaining entry to host) than S. scapterisci . Rate of mortality did not vary significantly among the nymphal instars, but nematodes were more infective in larger nymphs. For hatching grasshoppers digging to the soil surface, mortality and infectivity were positively correlated with soil moisture levels. Pathogenicity was especially enhanced by high humidity at the soil surface. Three sandy soils were also evaluated for effect on mortality and infectivity, but the influence of soil type, while significant, was small relative to soil moisture.
Proton MR spectroscopy of brain abnormalities in neonates born to HIV-positive mothers.

PURPOSE To examine the sensitivity of proton MR spectroscopy for detecting early central nervous system abnormalities in neonates born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive mothers. METHODS Asleep, unsedated, and continuously monitored by electrocardiography, 10 newborns, 5 with HIV-positive and 5 with HIV-negative mothers, were studied within the first 10 days of life in a 1.5-T scanner. After T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained, proton spectra were performed using voxels of interest (3.4 cm3) in the deep parietooccipital white matter. Peaks were identified as N-acetyl-aspartate (2.0 ppm), creatine and phosphocreatine (3.0 ppm), choline (3.2 ppm), and inositol (3.5 ppm). Peak areas were used to calculate metabolic ratios: N-acetyl-aspartate to creatine, inositol to creatine, and creatine to choline. RESULTS All newborns of HIV-positive mothers had abnormal proton spectra compared with control infants; a nonspecific amino acid peak in the 2.1- to 2.6-ppm area was elevated, broad, and overlapping the N-acetyl-aspartate peak in all the HIV-exposed newborns and in only 1 of the 5 control newborns. The choline-to-creatine ratio was higher in HIV-exposed newborns at 2.3 +/- 0.4 (normal term, 0.9 +/- 0.3), as was the N-acetyl-aspartate-to-creatine ratio at 2.6 +/- 0.9 (for control subjects, 1.2 +/- 0.4). MR images from these brain regions were all considered normal. Because acquired immunodeficiency syndrome develops in only a small fraction of neonates born to HIV-seropositive mothers, the above spectral abnormalities found in all our subjects may result from indirect effects of HIV, such as intrauterine growth retardation. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that proton MR spectroscopy might play an important role in detecting early central nervous system complications in newborns of HIV-seropositive mothers.
Novel Distributed Lightning Fault Location Method for Transmission Line Based on Non-contact Measurement Device of Lightning Current

Transmission lines are thousands of miles long, so artificially searching lightning fault points on the lines is time-consuming and uneconomic. Therefore, adopting the non-contact measurement device of lightning current and combining with the traveling wave fault location, we proposed a distributed lightning fault location method. According to difference in wave polarity among the three phases, we put forward the lightning pattern recognition among lightning striking the ground wire, the tower or the phase. As for shielding failures, we firstly determined whether the flashover happened or not, and determined the lightning range and flashover side if it happened. Then we deduced formulas for locating lightning and flashover in different lightning ranges. By using the wavelet packet transform(WPT), the wave arrival time was extracted for calculation. Simulations in EMTP-ATP show that, using the proposed method, the lightning fault location of transmission line can be calculated accurately, and the errors of striking point and flashover point are both less than 0.4%. Thus the proposed method is applicable.
Consumer Economic Wellbeing

Consumers in this book refer to individuals and families. The term consumer can be defined in broad and narrow ways. Broadly, consumers are those who acquire and use natural, market, and other goods. Natural goods are air and natural resources that are not privately owned and priced. Market goods are priced products and services provided by commercial companies. Other goods refer to products and services provided by nonprofit organizations. Narrowly, consumers are those who purchase and use market goods. In this book the narrow definition of consumer is used in most discussions. This introductory chapter first discusses several definitions relevant to consumer economic wellbeing, such as wellbeing, subjective wellbeing, economic wellbeing, and consumer wellbeing. Then, the key term of this book, consumer economic wellbeing, is defined and introduced. The organization of the book is presented at the end of this chapter.
Silver Apples, Electric Circus, Electronic Arts, and Commerce in Late 1960s New York

It has often been a challenge to secure adequate financial and institutional support to present electro-acoustic music in appropriate physical spaces, with sufficient staffing and technical infrastructure. A handful of unusual opportunities arose in the late 1960s for partnerships between a business and artists. One of these was the Electric Circus, a discotheque in New York City, based upon an artistic conception by electronic composer Morton Subotnick in collaboration with visual artist Tony Martin. This paper explores the dynamics between artistic and commercial values at the Electric Circus and in a series of new music venues that ensued. It also offers as a counter example the highly non-commercial activity that flowed from Subotnick’s open access studio housed at New York University, sparking the careers of a group of young composers of note.
Wavefront-guided surface ablation with prophylactic use of mitomycin C after a buttonhole laser in situ keratomileusis flap.

Purpose To describe the surgical outcome of a patient who had a previous buttonhole after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and 3 months later, had wavefront-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with topical mitomycin C 0.02%. Methods A 38-year-old man underwent bilateral LASIK for correction of myopic astigmatism. A buttonhole in his right eye LASIK flap occurred, but the surgeon decided to proceed with ablation due to the small size of the buttonhole. After LASIK, the patient complained of monocular diplopia in his right eye with 20/30 best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Wavefront analysis showed a large amount of higher order aberrations, especially coma. Slit-lamp examination revealed a moderate buttonhole scar. Three months after LASIK, the patient underwent wavefront-guided PRK with application of topical mitomycin C 0.02% on the stromal bed, for a duration of 2 minutes. Results One month after wavefront-guided PRK, his uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the right eye, with no symptoms. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/15 with +0.25 -0.50 x 110 degrees. No haze or scar was seen on slit-lamp examination. Wavefront analysis showed a decrease in higher order aberrations, especially coma and spherical aberration. Conclusions Wavefront-guided PRK with prophylactic topical mitomycin C was effective in treating a patient with visual symptoms and loss of BSCVA after a LASIK flap buttonhole. No delayed epithelial healing, side effects or complications were noted due to mitomycin C.
Abstract B48: Regulation of mutant KRAS protein stability via SMURF2:UBCH5 complex mediated degradation of beta-TrCP1

Attempts to target mutant KRAS have been unsuccessful. Most of the current therapeutic approaches are indirect, mainly via inhibiting KRAS down-stream signaling, which have been marginally successful. Here we report the identification of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (SMURF2), a HECT-type ubiquitin ligase (E3) as a critical regulator of mutant KRAS protein stability. We show that the loss of SMURF2 either by si-/sh-RNA mediated gene silencing or by overexpression of a catalytically inactive SMURF2 Cys716Ala (CA) mutant, can cause lysosome-mediated KRAS degradation; whereas, overexpression of wild type SMURF2 enhances KRAS protein stability. Most importantly, we found that mutant KRAS protein is more susceptible to SMURF2 alterations in that mutant protein half-life decreased from >12h in control siRNA-treated cells to Citation Format: Shirish Shukla, Uday Shankar Allam, Aarif Ahsan, Guoan Chen, David G. Beer, Theodore S. Lawrence, Mukesh K. Nyati, Dipankar Ray. Regulation of mutant KRAS protein stability via SMURF2:UBCH5 complex mediated degradation of beta-TrCP1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B48. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-B48
Development of Flip Chip Die Bump Temperature Measurement Methodology Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Tool

Die bump temperature become engineering challenge because both thermal design power (TDP) and die bump electrical current increased with flip chip functionality. Die bumps with smaller geometry experienced higher heat flux than silicon die. Thus, an accurate modeling and empirical methodology are needed in order to understand die bump temperature measurement accuracy and self-heating characteristic. This paper outlines and demonstrates the advantages of applying numerical modeling in chipset die bump temperature measurement methodology development and use conditions evaluation. Two types of die bump temperature measurement designs have been evaluated during early stage of design cycle, these included single and multiple die bump structure designs. JEDEC test standard in thetas-JA (JESD51-2, junction to still air thermal resistance) has been used as design validation and follow by typical desktop computer use conditions evaluation. In an effort to develop comprehensive understanding of die bump self-heating characteristic, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) engineering tool has been employed. Both global and local CFD modeling analysis suggested multiple die bump temperature measurement design provided more accurate result than single die bump design. Silicon trace self-heating in single die bump design has over estimated the die bump temperature during actual use conditions. In addition, die bump self-heating characteristic is impacted by non-uniform heating effect, current density, TDP and different die bump material options. Thus, an accurate die bump temperature measurement methodology has been developed through both numerical and empirical validation.
Writing a Grant/Obtaining Funding

Mentored Career Development Award Grants (also known as “K awards”) are the portals through which the majority of academic investigators take their first step into the world of NIH-funded research. Compared with Research Project Grants (“R awards”), K awards are designed to provide aspiring researchers with a period of structured, protected, and mentored time to build their research skills and portfolio. There is no single formula for drafting a successful K award. There are, however, a series of concepts and tips that can maximize the likelihood of success, including seeking the proper mentorship, crafting an individualized course of didactic study, and working together a mentor to develop an innovative yet feasible research plan. We hope that after reviewing this material young surgeons interested in an academic career will be better-equipped to develop stronger and more attractive K award applications.
Liposculpture in the Superficial Plane: Closed Syringe System for Improvements in Fat Removal and Free Fat Transfer:

This article reviews and compares early beliefs regarding liposuction with improvements provided with utilization of the Tulip Closed Syringe System for liposculpting in the deep and superficial fat planes. Discussion of the mechanism of action of liposculpting with the tumescent is presented. Clinical series described comparing machine suction versus closed syringe system as the vacuum source. The closed syringe system has also afforded the opportunity to harvest fat cells at low pressure, and improved fat cell survival and predictability. Clinical efficacy, safety advantages, and importance of the closed syringe system relative to superficial plane liposculpting are presented. The article suggests an explanation of the intrinsic changes involved in the contour alterations created by liposculpture in the superficial plane.
Predicting Organizational Reconfiguration

This chapter addresses the issue of structural change within for-profit organizations, both as adaptation to changing markets and as purposeful experimentation to search for new opportunities, and builds upon the “reconfiguration” construct. In the areas of strategy, evolutionary economics, and organization theory, there are conflicting theories that either predict structural change or discuss obstacles to change. Our aim is to highlight relevant theoretical rationales for why and when organizations would, or would not, be expected to undertake structural reconfiguration. We conclude with remarks on how these literatures, together, inform our understanding of reconfiguration and organization design and provide insights for practitioners.
Extended hückel theory applied to chemical reactivity

Wave functions and energies are calculated for cyclopentadiene, cyclopentadienone, and maleic anhydride under the LCAO-MO approximation with a basis set of atomic orbitals which is comprised of all valence electrons. The geometries of the molecules, required as inputs to the MO calculations, are determined with a procedure which minimizes the ring angular deformation energy. The various possible Diels-Alder reactions of these compounds are then considered. Second-order perturbation theory, with variable overlap integrals and including all interactions, is used to estimate the energies of transition intermediates or states which correspond closely to π complexes. Predicted endo-exo isomeric adduct ratios are in agreement with experimentally known values. Predictions of the relative rates for Diels-Alder reactions reflect the correct order and magnitude of reactivity, where experimental results are known.
Evaluating preference for and reinforcing efficacy of a therapy dog to increase verbal statements.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate preference for and reinforcing efficacy of a therapy dog to increase verbal statements across different contingencies. Five children with autism spectrum disorder ages 3-8 years participated. Alternating treatments and reversal designs were used to compare conditions in which (a) a therapy dog was not present, (b) access to a therapy dog was noncontingent, (c) access to a therapy dog was contingent on interacting with a therapist, and (d) access to another preferred item was contingent on interacting with a therapist. Results varied across participants. Noncontingent access to the therapy dog slightly increased verbal statements for 1 participant. Contingent access to the therapy dog increased social interactions for 2 participants; however, this was the most effective intervention for only 1 participant. Practitioners should be aware that some clients may be better suited for interventions including therapy dogs than others.
A Modified Chemical Index to Predict Fly Ash Dosage for Mitigating Alkali-Silica Reaction

It is well chronicled that coal fly ash can mitigate the risk of alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete structures. However, the efficacy of individual fly ashes is highly dependent on their chemical composition. Prescriptive requirements for ASR mitigation have largely focused on whether the fly ash is classified as Class F or Class C per ASTM C618, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, whereas performance requirements may require extensive testing to satisfactorily demonstrate mitigation potential of a fly ash. Previous research established the need for an accurate model to predict required fly ash replacement rates for ASR mitigation based on the chemical constituents of cement and fly ash. Therefore, a new model is proposed to account for the availability of each chemical constituent from cement and fly ash separately, utilizing ASTM C1260, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method), and ASTM C1567, Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar Bar Method), test data. The successful development of models based on 14-day and 28-day expansion data from these tests is presented in this article.
Machine-learning informed prediction of high-entropy solid solution formation: Beyond the Hume-Rothery rules

The empirical rules for the prediction of solid solution formation proposed so far in the literature usually have very compromised predictability. Some rules with seemingly good predictability were, however, tested using small data sets. Based on an unprecedented large dataset containing 1252 multicomponent alloys, machine-learning methods showed that the formation of solid solutions can be very accurately predicted (93%). The machine-learning results help identify the most important features, such as molar volume, bulk modulus, and melting temperature. As such a new thermodynamics-based rule was developed to predict solid–solution alloys. The new rule is nonetheless slightly less accurate (73%) but has roots in the physical nature of the problem. The new rule is employed to predict solid solutions existing in the three blocks, each of which consists of 9 elements. The predictions encompass face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and hexagonal closest packed (HCP) structures in a high throughput manner. The validity of the prediction is further confirmed by CALculations of PHAse Diagram (CALPHAD) calculations with high consistency (94%). Since the new thermodynamics-based rule employs only elemental properties, applicability in screening for solid solution high-entropy alloys is straightforward and efficient.
New direction of nuclear code development: artificial intelligence

Abstract It has been a long-lasting aspiration of the nuclear power community to apply artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to nuclear power plants (NPPs), as AI is expected to substantially improve the efficiency, reliability, and continuity of NPPs. Along with the recent rise of AI featured with machining learning, there is an ever-increasing interest in utilizing the data-orientated technologies for nuclear power. In this chapter, we provide a brief summary of the history of AI and the previous efforts on introducing AI to nuclear reactor systems in 1980s. These histories suggest that although with a promising future, AI in NPPs also faces unique challenges, which are still not fully addressed and need special attention. We also introduced some recent studies that apply machine learning techniques to nuclear code development.
Dynamic visualization of hydrate formation using X-ray imaging

Abstract Hydrate plug formation remains a common issue in off-shore oil extraction. These plugs usually form within low temperature, high pressure environments over a short timeframe. It is desirable to visualize and quantify hydrate formation, where the results can later be used to validate formation models. This study presents preliminary findings from the use of X-ray imaging to capture temporal images of the hydrate formation process using cyclopentane, which forms a structure II hydrate, similar to that formed in oil extraction. A hydrate region was formed within a mixing chamber, and the formation process was captured using both X-ray radiography and X-ray computed tomography (CT). Image processing procedures were developed to extract qualitative and quantitative measures of hydrate formation. Formation trends correlated to the recorded time-temperature histories within the mixing tank. Additionally, formation growth patterns were qualitatively consistent across multiple trials. Quantitative analysis, however, remained difficult due to slight variations in X-ray intensity and temperature histories that resulted in significant differences in the measured hydrate region.
Sanity Simulations for Saliency Methods.

Saliency methods are a popular class of feature attribution tools that aim to capture a model's predictive reasoning by identifying "important" pixels in an input image. However, the development and adoption of saliency methods are currently hindered by the lack of access to underlying model reasoning, which prevents accurate method evaluation. In this work, we design a synthetic evaluation framework, SMERF, that allows us to perform ground-truth-based evaluation of saliency methods while controlling the underlying complexity of model reasoning. Experimental evaluations via SMERF reveal significant limitations in existing saliency methods, especially given the relative simplicity of SMERF's synthetic evaluation tasks. Moreover, the SMERF benchmarking suite represents a useful tool in the development of new saliency methods to potentially overcome these limitations.
Commentary: "Postoperative Changes in Left Ventricular Systolic Function after Combined Mitral and Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease" Sang-Mee An, MD, Jae-Sik Nam, MD, Ho Jin Kim, MD, PhD, Hyeun Joon Bae, MD, Ji-Hyun Chin, MD, PhD, Eun-Ho Lee, MD, PhD, In-Cheol Choi, MD, PhD.

It is an elegant albeit limited study reporting effects of pre op LVEF on long term results in patients with RHD undergoing DVR. Study includes 146 patients out of 201 who underwent DVR in the study period. Although all had some improvement immediate post op, those with preserved ejection fraction (EF) and smaller left ventricles regardless of type of prostheses used, surgical techniques (partial or full Subvalvular Apparatus Preservation), had more sustained improvement after 3-4 years than those with lower EF and more dilation. It can be partially explained by more prevalence of aortic insufficiency in patients with pre op lower EF 50). There are myocardial factors which also play a part, those with abnormal left ventricle (LV) function have more extensive loss of myofibrils either due to disproportion of mitochondria-to-myofibril ratio or myofibrillar degeneration exhibiting the extent RHD involves myocardium. Structural adaptation may not all be just a result of hemodynamic abnormalities in these patients. The recommendation that surgical intervention should occur before the LV starts to dilate or EF drops is well founded and would be impactful in the developing world, an estimated 250,000 deaths occur annually worldwide and 10.5 million disability adjusted life years due to RHD, mostly in young people.