cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A196: Systematic identification of markers and drug targets on exhausted CD8+ T-cells

CD8+ T-cells are responsible for detection and killing of hosT-cells expressing non-self proteins. Upon antigen persistence, as in cancer or chronic viral infection, antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells lose their effector function, a phenomenon known as T-cell exhaustion. This process is concomitant with increased surface expression of negative regulatory proteins such as PD-1 and CTLA-4. Blockade of these molecules has become a widespread and successful clinical strategy for the treatment of malignancies. Unfortunately, not all tumor types are responsive to checkpoint molecule blockade, nor do all patients with susceptible tumor types exhibit clinical responses. These failures highlight the need for identification of additional negative regulators on exhausted, tumor-specific CD8+ T-cells. Here, we perform a systematic approach to identify surface proteins expressed on exhausted murine and human CD8+ T-cells. Using RNA-sequencing data from antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells from the mouse lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model as well as data from human tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells, we show high cross-species concordance of genes encoding membrane proteins in T-cell exhaustion. These expression profiles not only include many known checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, but also several proteins that negatively regulate T-cell receptor signaling but are largely unexplored in the process of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. We validate these results performing by flow cytometry on both mouse and human CD8+ T-cells, including on T-cells obtained from resected human tumor tissue. To substantiate the importance of these markers, we further explore the function of one identified surface protein, CD101, in the murine LCMV infection model. We demonstrate that CD101 is induced on antigen-specific of CD8+ T-cells weeks after infection, in contrast with the early expression of canonical exhaustion markers such as PD-1. We show that antigen-specific CD101+ cells arise from CD101- precursors and that this differentiation process results in a loss of effector function, cytokine production, and proliferative capacity with simultaneous large transcriptomic changes. Together, these results demonstrate that exhaustion-associated surface protein expression patterns are largely conserved between humans and mice and provide a comprehensive catalog of phenotypic markers and potential drug targets for CD8+ T-cell-directed immunotherapy. Citation Format: Will H. Hudson, Julia L. Gensheimer, Haydn T. Kissick, Rafi Ahmed. Systematic identification of markers and drug targets on exhausted CD8+ T-cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A196.
Improved False-Positive Rates and the Overestimation of Unintended Harm from Lung Cancer Screening

Concern over high false-positive rates and the potential for unintended harm to patients is a critical component of the lack of widespread adoption of lung cancer screening. An institutional database was used to identify patients who underwent lung cancer screening between 2/2015 and 2/2018 at Rush University Medical Center and Rush Oak Park Hospital. Reads were executed by dedicated thoracic radiologists and communicated using the Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS V.1). Six hundred and four patients were screened over the study period. We identified 21 primary lung cancers and 8 incidental cancers. We identified a false-positive rate of 17.5%. Only 9 patients underwent further investigative workup for benign disease (5.3%); however, only 4 (2.9%) of those patients were found to have inflammatory or infectious lesions, which are common mimickers of lung cancer. Excluding Lung-RADS category 3 for the purpose of quantifying risk of unintended harm from unnecessary procedures, we found a 6.9% false-positive rate, while diagnosing 25% of all Lung-RADS category 4 patients with primary lung cancer. False-positive rates in lung cancer screening programs continue to decline with improved radiologic expertise. Additionally, false-positive reporting overestimates the risk of unintended harm from further investigative procedures as only a percentage of positive findings are generally considered for tissue diagnosis (i.e., Lung-RADS category 4).
Mapping interactions of microbial metabolites and human receptors

Abstract Despite evidence linking the human microbiome to health and disease, the mechanistic details of how the microbiota affects human physiology remain largely unknown. Metabolites encoded by bacteria are expected to play an integral role in the microbiota’s effect on its human host. Assigning function to these metabolites is therefore critical to determining the molecular underpinnings of the host-microbe relationship and ultimately developing microbiota inspired therapies. Here we use large-scale functional screening of small molecules produced by individual members of a simplified human microbiota to identify bacterial metabolites that agonize G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). This analysis revealed a complex network of metabolite host receptor interactions and guided our identification of multiple microbiota derived agonists of GPCRs associated with diverse biological functions within the nervous and immune systems, among others. Collectively, the metabolite-receptor pairs we uncovered indicate that diverse aspects of human health are potentially modulated by structurally simple metabolites arising from primary bacterial metabolism. Statement of Significance Bacteria residing within the human body have been shown to influence human health. It is likely that physiological responses to the human microbiota are mediated by the collection of small molecules encoded within these bacteria. In this study we use direct functional screening of small molecules produced by individual members of a simplified human microbiota to identify new G protein coupled receptor-metabolite interactions that seek to explain the molecular underpinnings of the microbiota’s influence on its human host.
A Survey of Virginia Vineyards Revealed High Incidences of Grapevine Rupestris Stem Pitting-Associated Virus, Grapevine Red Blotch Virus, and Two Mealybug Species

We investigated the prevalence of viruses infecting grapevines in Virginia, identity of disease vectors, and potential factors affecting virus incidence. Tested viruses were grapevine leafroll-asso...
Measurement of Thromboxane Biosynthesis in Health and Disease.

Thromboxane (TX) A2 is a chemically unstable lipid mediator involved in several pathophysiologic processes, including primary hemostasis, atherothrombosis, inflammation and cancer. In human platelets, TXA2 is the major arachidonic acid derivative via the cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 pathway. Assessment of platelet TXA2 biosynthesis can be performed ex vivo through measurement of serum TXB2, an index of platelet COX-1 activity, as well as in vivo through measurement of urinary enzymatic metabolites, a non-invasive index of platelet activation. This review article describes the main findings of four decades of clinical investigation based on these analytical approaches, focusing on the measurement of TXA2 metabolites to characterize the pathophysiologic role of transiently or persistently enhanced platelet activation, and to describe the clinical pharmacology of COX-1 inhibition in health and disease.
Software Licenses, Source Code Escrows, andTrustee Powers Under 11 U.S.C. §365

I.INTRODUCTION 44 II.THE CHILLING EFFECT OF LUBRIZOL AND THE POLICY ISSUES UNDERLYING THE ENACTMENT OF THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LICENSES IN THE BANKRUPTCY ACT (§ 365(n)) ......... 45 III.THE POSTLUBRIZOL, PRE § 365(n) PERIOD: 1985 1988 48 IV.SECTION 356(n): CONGRESSIONAL INTENT, APPLICATION, AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS WITH OTHER BANKRUPTCY LAW PROVISIONS 51 A. Congressional Intent 51 B. Early Cases Interpreting § 365(n) 52 C. The Application of § 365(n) To Source Code Escrows 53 D. Ipso Facto Clauses As Release Conditions in Escrow Agreements 54 1. Ipso Facto Clauses Upon Trustee’s Rejection of the License ....... 56 2. Ipso Facto Clauses Prior to Trustee’s Rejection of the License and Upon Trustee’s Assumption of the License 57 E. Assumption and Assignment of Intellectual Property Licenses. ......... 59 1. Trustee’s Power to Assume and Assign Intellectual Property Licenses. 59 2. Licensee’s Power to Prevent Assumption or Assignment 60 3. Assignment as a Release Condition in Source Code Escrows ...... 62 F. Conflict Between § 363(f) Sale of Assets and § 365(h) Protecting Lessees of Real Property 63 V. CONCLUSION 65 A. Ipso Facto Clauses 65 B. Assumption and Assignment 66 C. Sale of an Intellectual Property Asset 66
Normal Fluid Levels

The air and fluid in the bowel tend to form what is known as “air-fluid levels” as air rises above the fluid to create an interface. The stomach usually has a small volume of air in the fundus, creating a single fluid level on an upright X-ray which may not be seen in recumbent position. In general, the less visible the small bowel is, the less likely it is to be pathological; however, less than three fluid levels or a few fluid levels in the absence of abnormal abdominal signs and symptoms are usually not clinically significant. As for the large bowel, it should normally not contain any fluid levels.
An Intelligent Real Time Road Sign System

This paper presents an intelligent road sign that provides real time travel time and road conditions. The behavior of US Interstate 94 was modelled, where the typical road throughput was simulated and published to an MQTT broker for the embedded system to display the expected travel time to Ann Arbor, Michigan from the US23 junction. The embedded system additionally sampled a digital temperature and humidity sensor to note road conditions, where an external input allowed operators to provide a real time update when an unexpected event causes traffic (i.e. vehicle collision) or when the road has been cleared. System requirements, design, implementation details, and performance evaluation are included.
Cold-Induced CBF–PIF3 Interaction Enhances Freezing Tolerance by Stabilizing the phyB Thermosensor in Arabidopsis

Growth inhibition and cold-acclimation strategies help plants withstand cold stress, which adversely affects growth and survival. PHYTOCHROME B (phyB) regulates plant growth through perceiving both light and ambient temperature signals. However, the mechanism by which phyB mediates the plant response to cold stress remains elusive. Here, we show that the key transcription factors mediating cold acclimation, C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORs (CBFs), interact with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3) under cold stress, thus attenuating the mutually assured destruction of PIF3-phyB. Cold-stabilized phyB acts downstream of CBFs to positively regulate freezing tolerance by modulating the expression of stress-responsive and growth-related genes. Consistent with this, phyB mutants exhibited a freezing-sensitive phenotype, whereas phyB-overexpression transgenic plants displayed enhanced freezing tolerance. Further analysis showed that the PIF1, PIF4, and PIF5 proteins, all of which negatively regulate plant freezing tolerance, were destabilized by cold stress in a phytochrome-dependent manner. Collectively, our study reveals that CBFs-PIF3-phyB serves as an important regulatory module for modulating plant response to cold stress.
Detection and Segmentation of Power Line Fires in Videos

Poor vegetation management around power lines can cause severe fires that lead to tremendous economic losses, environmental degradation, and fatalities. The early discovery of a fire's presence is the key to avoiding catastrophic damages. In this paper, we propose a hybrid fire detection framework based on a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and a pixel-based fire detector to automatically detect both the presence of fire and its scale and position information. The pre-trained deep CNN serve as a binary classifier to detect the presence of fire. The pixel-based fire detector is designed to find the fire pixels in the video frames, which indicate the scale and location of the fire. Case studies are carried out on six real-world videos to validate the proposed framework. It is shown that the proposed approach can effectively detect fire and locate the fire pixels in the testing fire videos.
The importance of temporal and spatial incoherence in quantitative interpretation of 4D-STEM

Recent developments in pixelated detectors, when combined with aberration correction of probe forming optics have greatly enhanced the field of scanning electron diffraction. Differential phase contrast is now routine and deep learning has been proposed as a method to extract maximum information from diffraction patterns. This work examines the effects of temporal and spatial incoherence on convergent beam electron diffraction patterns and demonstrates that simple center of mass measurements cannot be naively interpreted. The inclusion of incoherence in deep learning data sets is also discussed.
“Experiential Learning by Accident: Piloting the Moral Courage Project”

A team from the University of Dayton, consisting of undergraduate students, a faculty facilitator, and practitioner partners, conducted an innovative oral history project documenting the experience...
Outcome-Focused Critical Care Orientation Program: From Unit Based to Centralized

BACKGROUND An effective orientation ensures that new nurses are prepared to deliver competent care to patients. In organizations with several critical care units, opportunities exist to achieve standardization of core content applicable to all critical care areas. PURPOSE This quality improvement project, conducted in a large children's hospital with multiple critical care units, was designed to centralize critical care orientation and standardize its content, as well as to measure learning outcomes of the revised program. METHODS Before initiation of this project, a 2-day critical care orientation class was held regularly for newly hired critical care nurses. Nurses attended this class at different time points in their orientation. Critical care units also held unit-based orientation classes. Nursing professional development specialists and representatives from each critical care unit collaborated to redesign the 2-day critical care orientation class in order to standardize content taught across the organization, increase attendance at the class, and reduce redundancy of topics covered in unit-based classes. INTERVENTIONS The redesigned program included online modules followed by 4-hour sessions that built on the knowledge gained in the modules. The sessions used multiple learner engagement strategies. Learning outcomes were evaluated using pretests and posttests. RESULTS Between June 2017 and March 2018, a total of 150 nurses completed the redesigned program. Median posttest scores increased significantly from median pretest scores for each critical care orientation session. CONCLUSION The program achieved the goal of standardizing education and increasing critical care nurses' knowledge.
Discovery of Mitochondrial Transcription Inhibitors Active in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cancer cells and targeting cancer mitochondria has emerged as a promising anti-cancer therapy. Previously, we repurposed chlorambucil by conjugating it to a mitochondrial targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP) group to design Mito-Chlor, a novel agent that acts on mitochondria DNA (mtDNA). Herein, we show that Mito-Chlor, but not chlorambucil, inhibits the nascent transcription of mtDNA. Clustering analysis of transcriptomic profile of our Bru-seq database led to the identification of another mitochondrial transcription inhibitor SQD1, which inhibits the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells with an IC50 of 1.3 μM. Interestingly, Mito-Chlor reduces expression of mitochondrial proteins, interferes with mitochondria membrane potential, and impairs oxidative phosphorylation while SQD1 does not. Both compounds increased cellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and stimulated similar signaling pathways in response to oxidative stress. As mitochondrial transcription inhibitors and redox modulators, SQD1 and Mito-Chlor are promising for the treatment of pancreatic cancer by blocking mitochondrial function.
The Relationship between Motivation and Owner-Operated Small Business Firm Success

As the old adage goes ‘the surest way to get rich is to find a need and fill it’. Despite the singular form of ‘need’ there is a dichotomy to be observed. The potential consumer has a need to be satisfied along with the need(s) of the entrepreneur. The subject of this paper is to better understand the motivation of the entrepreneur to satisfy their need(s), motivation’s relation to owner-operated small business firm success, the relationship that generic competitive strategies play with motivation, and how measurement success criteria, Triple Bottom Line vs. Profitability interact with motivation. In a 2012 survey, the Small Business Administration (SBA) noted that 50.9% of small business owners were between the ages of 50 and 88, with another 33.2% of small business that were owned by people aged 35-49 (Lichtenstein, 2014). The SBA, also noted, that 52% of small businesses were home based (SBA Office of Advocacy, 2014). Why are people starting these small businesses? Did they retire and still need a reason to get out of bed in the morning? Did they grow weary of corporate America or get laid off? Did a couple decide they need a second income, but one that fits around the family’s schedule? Or could a new venture mirror the Anita Roddick story of how she founded The Body Shop after she and her husband sold their hotel in Brighton, UK, so he could take two years and travel by horse from Buenos Aires to New York City (Bartlett, Elderkin, McQuade, 1991). The research question is, what role does motivation play in owner-operated small business firm success? Since different motivations can quickly equal the number of small business owners, pre-decided buckets of motivational categories will be more beneficial for measurement and research purposes. In 1943, the American psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow categorized a Hierarchy of Needs (HON) (Maslow, 1943). His five categories of needs will be used as the basis for the coding of owner-operated small business motivations. His five categories will be reduced to two buckets: higher level and lower level.
Dissipation from a heavy quark moving through Script N = 4 super-Yang-Mills plasma

Using AdS/CFT, we compute the Fourier space proflle ofhtrF 2 i generated by a heavy quark moving through a thermal plasma of strongly coupledN = 4 super-Yang- Mills theory. We flnd evidence of directional emission from the quark whose description includes gauge flelds with large momenta. We comment on the possible relevance of our results to relativistic heavy ion collisions.
Complications in Pediatric Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery

Over the past 25 years, pediatric minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has grown in volume and complexity. Initially, MIS consisted of purely laparoscopic cases. Multiple series have demonstrated low complication rates with pediatric laparoscopy. In the twenty-first century, robotically-assisted laparoscopy grew in popularity and expanded the breadth of MIS cases performed in both adults and in children.
On Shape and Computability of Emotions

We investigated how shape features in natural images influence emotions aroused in human beings. Shapes and their characteristics such as roundness, angularity, simplicity, and complexity have been postulated to affect the emotional responses of human beings in the field of visual arts and psychology. However, no prior research has modeled the dimensionality of emotions aroused by roundness and angularity. Our contributions include an in-depth statistical analysis to understand the relationship between shapes and emotions. Through experimental results on the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) dataset we provide evidence for the significance of roundness-angularity and simplicity-complexity on predicting emotional content in images. We combine our shape features with other state-of-the- art features to show a gain in prediction and classification accuracy. We model emotions from a dimensional perspective in order to predict valence and arousal ratings which have advantages over modeling the traditional discrete emotional categories. Finally, we distinguish images with strong emotional content from emotionally neutral images with high accuracy.
The Rediscovered Stages of Agency Adjudication

Modern administrative law understands the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) to establish an informal and a formal procedural mode of two types of agency action: rulemaking and adjudication. This Article argues this understanding, which is sound as applied to rulemaking, is wrong as applied to adjudication. Revisiting the voluminous and long-neglected research that informed the APA, this Article argues the statute codified informal and formal stages—not modes—of adjudication. In this staged process, informal procedures such as investigations, examinations, inspections, and conferences are used in the initial stages of the process and are sufficient to finally dispose of the vast majority of cases. A statutory hearing requirement directs an agency to elevate the few remaining disputes to a subsequent hearing stage, which across agencies is singularly defined by its purpose, timing, and procedural characteristics. Understanding adjudication as a staged process makes the APA’s regime coherent and offers new insights into the statute’s conceptual foundation. It clarifies that an adjudicatory “hearing” under the APA is formal, while amplifying principles that appropriately can be used to cabin hearings and effectuate Congress’s preference for agency over judicial resolution of administrative disputes. It provides a compelling explanation for the APA’s failure to establish minimum procedural requirements for informal adjudication. And once hearings are removed from this category, it emerges that informal adjudication may be better characterized as executive than quasi-judicial. Modern administrative law admits of this possibility, but the APA is blind to it because the statute was founded upon a conception of administrative action as purely quasi-legislative and quasi-judicial and fundamentally not executive. This Article thus identifies a serious, unacknowledged problem: the APA’s conceptual foundation has become antiquated.
Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease in the Aging Population.

The demographics of the population with cystic fibrosis (CF) is continuously changing, with nowadays adults outnumbering children and a median predicted survival of over 40 years. This leads to the challenge of treating an aging CF population, while previous research has largely focused on pediatric and adolescent patients. Chronic inflammation is not only a hallmark of CF lung disease, but also of the aging process. However, very little is known about the effects of an accelerated aging pathology in CF lungs. Several chronic lung disease pathologies show signs of chronic inflammation with accelerated aging, also termed "inflammaging"; the most notable being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In these disease entities, accelerated aging has been implicated in the pathogenesis via interference with tissue repair mechanisms, alterations of the immune system leading to impaired defense against pulmonary infections and induction of a chronic pro-inflammatory state. In addition, CF lungs have been shown to exhibit increased expression of senescence markers. Sustained airway inflammation also leads to the degradation and increased turnover of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). This further reduces CFTR function and may prevent the novel CFTR modulator therapies from developing their full efficacy. Therefore, novel therapies targeting aging processes in CF lungs could be promising. This review summarizes the current research on CF in an aging population focusing on accelerated aging in the context of chronic airway inflammation and therapy implications.
Integration of Advanced Structures and Materials Technologies for a Robust Lunar Habitat

NASA's Artemis program plans to have a sustainable lunar base deployed on the Moon by 2028. The base calls for a foundation surface habitat that can support a crew of four members for a minimum mission duration of 28-days. The lack of a magnetic field and significant lunar atmosphere extends the lifetime of secondary radiation emitted from metallic structures, which is a health hazard for exposed astronauts. Integration of non-metallic structural materials into surface habitat design may alleviate some of these concerns. Additionally, it is favorable for the structure to be collapsible for transportation to optimize payload volume, mass efficiency, and monetary constraints. As a result, inflatable structures are being investigated due to their improved packing efficiency at launch, optimal mass-to-volume ratio, and large surface area that can efficiently disperse structural loads and heat. Currently, only two inflatable airlocks have been deployed in space. Thus, there is a significant need to advance technologies associated with inflatable structures to provide greater options for future missions, i.e., Artemis and beyond. This study focused on the inflatable lunar habitat applications of emerging NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) technologies and their required development steps to become space qualified. The Bowling Habitat architecture was generated from 13 of these NASA LaRC technologies, five of which were deemed critical, five determined as enhancing technologies, and three were classified as transformational technologies for the Artemis program. To address the payload constraints, the study also considered a tentative timeline that aligned with the current Artemis schedule for transporting the Bowling Habitat to the Moon. Ultimately, the Bowling Habitat mainly addressed the structural needs of an inflatable lunar habitat, meaning that major areas pertaining to the life-style aspects of the habitat must be improved. Areas include, but are not limited to, hard connection points, the monitoring of human health, and extra radiation protection for solar proton events.
Black and Native Overdose Mortality Overtook that of White Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Drug overdose mortality rates have increased sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. In recent years, overdose death rates were rising most rapidly among racial/ethnic minority communities. The pandemic has disproportionately affected communities of color in a wide swath of health, social, and economic outcomes. Careful attention is therefore warranted to trends in overdose mortality by race/ethnicity during COVID-19. We calculated total drug overdose death rates per 100,000 population by race/ethnicity for the 1999-2020 time period. We find that Black overdose mortality overtook that of White individuals in 2020 for the first time since 1999. Between 2019 and 2020 Black individuals had the largest percent increase in overdose mortality, of 48.8%, compared to 26.3% among White individuals. In 2020, Black overdose death rates rose to 36.8 per 100,000, representing 16.3% higher than the rate for White individuals for the same period. American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) individuals experienced the highest rate of overdose mortality in 2020, of 41.4 per 100,000, representing 30.8% higher than the rate among White individuals. Our findings suggest that drug overdose mortality is increasingly becoming a racial justice issue in the United States and appears to have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing individuals with a safer supply of drugs, closing gaps in access to MOUD and harm reductions services, and ending routine incarceration of individuals with substance use disorders represent urgently needed, evidence-based strategies that can be employed to reduce rising inequalities in overdose.
Vector and Matrix Operations

The topic of Chapters 2 through 6 is concurrent linear algebra. This expanded coverage is motivated by two factors. First, linear algebra is a frequently used component of scientific computing. Computational problems recast in terms of linear algebra can often be considered solved, because standard libraries can tackle the remaining issues. Second, linear algebra is a rich source for numerical algorithms that are realistic in algorithmic complexity, but can be understood without an extensive mathematical background.
MEBook: Kinect-based self-modeling intervention for children with autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a chronic developmental disorder that impairs the development of social and communication skills. Multiple studies have shown that children with ASD prefer images of self over others. These studies explain the effectiveness of video self-modeling (VSM), an evidence-based autism intervention in which one learns by watching oneself performing a target behavior in video. VSM content is difficult to create as target behaviors are sporadic, but advances in sensing and graphics enable synthesis of such behaviors. In this paper, we propose the MEBook system which uses Kinect sensor to inject self-images into a social narrative game to teach students with ASD proper greeting behaviors. The social narrative is an animated story about the main character meeting and greeting different cartoon characters in a clinic. Self-modeling is achieved by first replacing the main characters face with an image of the subject, and then animating the subject to match the narration. The second component is a positive reinforcement game in which the subject is prompted to greet different cartoon characters. Through depth-based body posture tracking, proper greeting behaviors are recognized and immediately rewarded with praises and visual confetti. A multiple-baseline single-subject study has been conducted and the preliminary results show that MEBook is effective in teaching greeting behaviors to children with ASD.
Data abstraction and query optimization

The use of data abstraction in object-oriented databases places a burden on the ability of the system to perform query optimization. This paper discusses a framework for query specification and optimization that is applicable to object-oriented database systems that take a strict view of data abstraction. It examines techniques that preserve much of the optimization potential of relational languages by limiting the query language. It further examines techniques for query optimization that involve type-specific rewrite rules.
Design and Implementation of Coupled Thermomechanical Failure Experiments

The importance of developing the capability to accurately and predictively model failure under combined thermal and mechanical loadings can not be overstated. Development of the necessary constitutive and failure models relies heavily on laboratory experiments that provide detailed information at several levels, from material characterization to laboratory scale validation experiments of increasing complexity, eventually leading up to full scale validation. This work is part of an interdisciplinary program that seeks to develop solutions to a large class of coupled thermomechanical failure problems. Coupled thermal-mechanical experiments with well-defined, controlled boundary conditions were designed and implemented through an iterative process involving a team of experimentalists, material modelers, computational developers and analysts.
High-performance size-exclusion chromatography of porcine colonic mucins. Comparison of Bio-Gel TSK 40XL and Sepharose 4B columns.

Abstract A high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) method was developed for the separation of porcine colonic mucins using a Bio-Gel® TSK 40XL HPSEC column (300 mn × 75 mm). In addition, porcine gastric and bovine submaxillary mucin preparations were used to describe more fully the separation characteristics of the HPSEC column. For comparison, the same preparations were also separated using a Sepharose® 4B column (100 cm × 2.6 cm). The colonic and gastric mucins eluted in the void volume (V0) of both columns. Bovine submaxillary mucin was in the elution volume (Ve) of both columns. Analytical HPSEC of fractions (V0 and Ve) of the various preparations obtained by Sepharose 4B chromatography exhibited retention times identical to those for fractions obtained by HPSEC. After separation by both methods, purified mucins were obtained by CsCl2 density gradient ultracentrifugation; analytical HPSEC profiles, protein contents, and monosaccharide compositions of both gastric and colonic mucins from either column were similar. The HPSEC method, however, is ideally suited to separate microgram to milligram quantities of colonic mucin preparations quickly: 2 to 4 h, compared with 24 to 30 h for the Sepharose 4B method.
Sally Modules of &#x1d52a;-Primary Ideals in Local Rings

Given any local Noetherian ring (R, &#x1d52a;), we study invariants, such as the dimension and multiplicity, of the Sally module S J (I) of any &#x1d52a;-primary ideal I with respect to a minimal reduction J. As a by-product we obtain an estimate for the Hilbert coefficients of &#x1d52a; that generalizes a bound established by Elias and Valla in a local Cohen–Macaulay setting. We also find sharp estimates for the multiplicity of the special fiber ring ℱ(I) of I, which recover previous bounds established by Polini, Vasconcelos, and the author in the local Cohen–Macaulay case. A particular attention is also paid to Sally modules in local Buchsbaum rings.
Application of the Colloidal Borescope to Determine a Complex Groundwater Flow Pattern

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory made in situ flow measurements in groundwater monitoring wells at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site to determine the flow direction in an aquifer with a flat water table. Given the total errors in water level elevations, flow directions based on the potentiometric surface are ambiguous at best. The colloidal borescope was used because it allows direct, real time observation of mobile colloidal particles in the open interval of a water well and thus, avoids the use of water level data. The results characterize a complex groundwater flow pattern under several buried waste storage tank farms. The aquifer, artificially high due to large volume liquid discharges to the soil column from Hanford's nuclear production era, is currently receding to original conditions. The aquifer lies in unconsolidated gravel beds overlying an impermeable basalt surface that has a plucked, flood-scoured, scabland structure. The current aquifer thickness is similar to the relief on the basalt basement. Thus the groundwater must flow around the impermeable basalt structures producing a complicated flow pattern under the waste storage unit. The original monitoring network was designed for northwest flow when the water table was held artificially high. Proper locations for newmore » wells are dependent on our knowledge of the flow direction. The results of the colloidal borescope investigation agree with the southerly direction indicated from hydrographs, contaminant trends, other direct flow data and the general concept of a receding aquifer draining off the southern limb of a basalt anticline. Flow in the aquifer is diverted by irregular local structural highs of very low permeability basalt.« less
Efficient Symbolic Analysis for Optimizing Compilers

Because most of the execution time of a program is typically spend in loops, loop optimization is the main target of optimizing and restructuring compilers. An accurate determination of induction variables and dependencies in loops is of paramount importance to many loop optimization and parallelization techniques, such as generalized loop strength reduction, loop parallelization by induction variable substitution, and loop-invariant expression elimination. In this paper we present a new method for induction variable recognition. Existing methods are either ad-hoc and not powerful enough to recognize some types of induction variables, or existing methods are powerful but not safe. The most powerful method known is the symbolic differencing method as demonstrated by the Parafrase-2 compiler on parallelizing the Perfect Benchmarks(R). However, symbolic differencing is inherently unsafe and a compiler that uses this method may produce incorrectly transformed programs without issuing a warning. In contrast, our method is safe, simpler to implement in a compiler, better adaptable for controlling loop transformations, and recognizes a larger class of induction variables.
Different regression equations relate age to the incidence of Lauren types 1 and 2 stomach cancer in the SEER database: these equations are unaffected by sex or race

Although impacts upon gastric cancer incidence of race, age, sex, and Lauren type have been individually explored, neither their importance when evaluated together nor the presence or absence of interactions among them have not been fully described. This study, derived from SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute) data, analyzed the incidences of gastric cancer between the years 1992–2001. There were 7882 patients who had developed gastric cancer. The total denominator population was 145,155, 669 persons (68,395,787 for 1992–1996, 78,759,882 for 1997–2001). Patients with multiple tumors were evaluated as per the default of the SEER*Stat program. 160 age-, five year period (1992–1996 vs 1997–2001)-, sex-, race (Asian vs non-Asian)-, Lauren type- specific incidences were derived to form the stratified sample evaluated by linear regression. (160 groups = 2 five year periods × 2 race groups × 2 sexes × 2 Lauren types × 10 age groups.) Linear regression was used to analyze the importance of each of these explanatory variables and to see if there were interactions among the explanatory variables. Race, sex, age group, and Lauren type were found to be important explanatory variables, as were interactions between Lauren type and each of the other important explanatory variables. In the final model, the contribution of each explanatory variable was highly statistically significant (t > 5, d.f. 151, P < 0.00001). The regression equation for Lauren type 1 had different coefficients for the explanatory variables Race, Sex, and Age, than did the regression equation for Lauren type 2. The change of the incidence of stomach cancer with respect to age for Lauren type 1 stomach cancer differs from that for Lauren type 2 stomach cancers. The relationships between age and Lauren type do not differ across gender or race. The results support the notion that Lauren type 1 and Lauren type 2 gastric cancers have different etiologies and different patterns of progression from pre-cancer to cancer. The results should be validated by evaluation of other databases.
A Review of “Toward an Emancipatory Psychoanalysis: Brandchaft's Intersubjective Vision”

Bernard Brandchaft devoted many decades of his life to developing his ideas about childhood trauma and the co-creation of complex systems of pathological accommodation. Brandchaft and his esteemed ...
Reasoning in explanation-based decision making

A general theory of explanation-based decision making is outlined and the multiple roles of inference processes in the theory are indicated. A typology of formal and informal inference forms, originally proposed by Collins (1978a, 1978b), is introduced as an appropriate framework to represent inferences that occur in the overarching explanation-based process. Results from the analysis of verbal reports of decision processes are presented to demonstrate the centrality and systematic character of reasoning in a representative legal decision-making task.
Temporal Patterns of HNSCC Recurrence with PET/CT Monitoring

Objective: To determine when combined 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) surveillance detects recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients after definitive chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and to determine initial recommendations for a posttreatment PET/CT surveillance protocol. Study Design: Retrospective review. Methods and Subjects: HNSCC patients who underwent definitive CRT were evaluated for recurrence with PET/CT at 2, 5, 8, and 14 months after completing treatment. Patients were excluded if they previously failed therapy, were treated primarily with surgery, or had inadequate clinical follow-up. Recurrence was defined by histopathologic evidence of tumor. Results: Three hundred and eightyeight patients were included. Patients who did not recur were followed clinically and radiographically for a mean of 31 months (95% CI 28.5 – 33.8), median 27 months. Recurrence was identified in 110 of 388 patients (28%) from 0.3 – 56 months, median 6 months, mean 11 months (95% CI 8.5 – 12.5). Forty-seven percent of recurrences occurred within the first 6 months of surveillance, 74% within the first year, 88% within the first 2 years, 95% within the first 3 years, 98% within the first 4 years, and 100% within the first 5 years.
Hybridization of maize and teosinte, in mexico and guatemala and the improvement of maize

The recognition and subsequent detection of the importance of teosinte introgression in the racial diversity and heterotic gene architecture of maize has been one of the outstanding achievements of Paul C. Mangelsdorf’s investigations into the origin of maize. This paper documents three areas in Mexico and Guatemala where maize and teosinte hybridize and where there is a system by which native cultivators exploit the heterotic nature of maize to increase their harvest. There is little reason to doubt that the hybridization and subsequent introgression of teosinte genes into maize observed at these sites is changed from that which has occurred over the past three thousand years resulting in the tremendous diversity and pronounced hybrid vigor in maize.
Pharmacological sensitivities of two afterhyperpolarizations in rat optic nerve

Optic nerves were removed from 4–8 week-old rats and studied in a modified sucrose gap chamber in order to examine the pharmacological sensitivities of two afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs), an early and a late one. The peak latency of the early AHP, which occurred immediately after the action potential, was 6–12 ms, and its duration was 44–75 ms. The early AHP was present at resting potential in about 75% of recorded nerves. In the nerves in which an early AHP was not present at resting potential, an AHP was present during delivery of constant current depolarization through the sucrose gap. The early AHP was increased in amplitude by depolarization of the nerve, decreased in amplitude or reversed in polarity by hyperpolarization, was not affected by tetraethylammonium (TEA) or Co2+, and was obliterated by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) concomitant with action potential broadening. The late AHP followed a broadened action potential in the presence of the potassium channel blocker 4-AP. Its peak latency ranged from 112 to 254 ms and its duration from 336 to 710 ms. It was increased in amplitude with repetitive stimulation, was reversibly obliterated by TEA, but was not significantly altered by Co2+, Cd2+, Ca2+ removal, charybdotoxin or apamin. The results demonstrate the presence of two AHPs mediated by pharmacologically distinct potassium conductances in rat optic nerve, neither of which is calcium-dependent.
Regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism by FFA and acetyl-CoA: sequential feedback inhibition.

In recent years experiments in slices, perfused liver and in the whole animal demonstrated that liver carbohydrate metabolism can be controlled by free fatty acids (FFA). Our investigations suggest that FFA and acetyl-CoA might provide regulation of the rate and direction of opposing pathways of hepatic glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by controlling the activity of key enzyme systems. Long and short chain FFA were observed to selectively inhibit the key enzymes of glucose catabolism, glucokinase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. The long chain FFA were inhibitors two magnitudes stronger than octanoate. The FFA were also able to inhibit lactate production in a fortified supernatant fluid system. Acetyl-CoA inhibited hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase but did not affect liver hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase or fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase. The inhibition of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase was dependent on the dose and preincubation time with acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA is the end product of the degradation of FFA which in turn is an end product of glucose catabolism; therefore, the inhibition of the three key glycolytic enzymes by FFA and the subsequent reinforcement of the inhibition of glucokinase and pyruvate kinase may be called sequential feedback inhibition. The regulatory role of phosphoenol-pyruvate, NADH, ATP, alanine and oxaloacetate in the control of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism is discussed.
Characterization of a CMOS sensing core for ultra-miniature wireless implantable temperature sensors with application to cryomedicine

Abstract In effort to improve thermal control in minimally invasive cryosurgery, the concept of a miniature, wireless, implantable sensing unit has been developed recently. The sensing unit integrates a wireless power delivery mechanism, wireless communication means, and a sensing core—the subject matter of the current study. The current study presents a CMOS ultra-miniature PTAT temperature sensing core and focuses on design principles, fabrication of a proof-of-concept, and characterization in a cryogenic environment. For this purpose, a 100 μm × 400 μm sensing core prototype has been fabricated using a 130 nm CMOS process. The senor has shown to operate between −180 °C and room temperature, to consume power of less than 1 μW, and to have an uncertainty range of 1.4 °C and non-linearity of 1.1%. Results of this study suggest that the sensing core is ready to be integrated in the sensing unit, where system integration is the subject matter of a parallel effort.
3D Gesture classification with linear acceleration and angular velocity sensing devices for video games

Abstract We present the results of two experiments that explore various aspects of 3D gesture recognition using linear acceleration and angular velocity data. We examine relationships between variables affecting recognition accuracy, including size of gesture set, amount of training data, choice of classifier, and training configuration (user dependent/independent). Using a set of 25 gestures, we first compare the performance of four machine learning algorithms (AdaBoost, SVM, Bayes and Decision Trees) with existing results (Linear Classifier). Next, we investigate how results in existing literature apply to an application-oriented setting. We created a new 3D gesture database comprising 17,890 samples, containing examples of gestures performed in two different settings (a simple data collection setting vs a video game). We then compared the performance of all five classifiers on this new 3D gesture database. Our results indicate that the Linear Classifier can recognize up to 25 gestures at over 99% accuracy when trained in a user dependent configuration. However, in the video game setting, factors such as in-game stress and the ability to recall gestures cause a drop in recognition accuracy to 79%. We present a discussion of possible strategies to improve recognition accuracy in realistic settings by using a combination of recognition algorithms.