cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teachers' voices on reflective practice

In this paper we describe an innovative professional development program for practicing k-12 teachers, called Initiatives in Educational Transformation, that is designed to enable classroom teachers to reconceptualize their roles and transform their teaching by developing their reflective practice (Scho¨n, 1983). The program is built around a philosophy of teaching and learning that emphasizes moral professionalism (Sockett, 1993), school-based inquiry, continuous improvement and collaborative work in teams. While few of the efforts to foster change in schools and classrooms begin their analyses with the voices and experiences of teachers, in this paper we turn to the voices and experiences of teachers to begin to explore the role of reflective practice in educational transformation.
FIVR — Fully integrated voltage regulators on 4th generation Intel® Core™ SoCs

Intel's® 4th generation Core™ microprocessors are powered by Fully Integrated Voltage Regulators (FIVR). These 140 MHz multi-phase buck regulators are integrated into the 22nm processor die, and feature up to 80 MHz unity gain bandwidth, non-magnetic package trace inductors and on-die MIM capacitors. FIVRs are highly configurable, allowing them to power a wide range of products from 3W fanless tablets to 300W servers. FIVR helps enable 50% or more battery life improvements for mobile products and more than doubles the peak power available for burst workloads.
Experimental evidence for parity-based 2e periodicity in a superconducting single-electron tunneling transistor.

We present experimental current-voltage (I-V) measurements on an Al-${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$-Al single-electron tunneling transistor in the superconducting state. We observe a variety of features which result from Cooper-pair tunneling processes. At low bias voltages and low temperatures we find that the I-V curve is 2e periodic with respect to the gate-induced charge. Remarkably, this periodicity persists up to 300 mK, a behavior which we interpret as strong evidence of an incremental free energy which depends on whether the number of electrons on the superconducting island is even or odd.
Zone electrophoresis on starch of preparations of follicle-stimulating hormone from sheep pituitary glands.

Abstract Preparations of follicle-stimulating hormone from sheep pituitary glands have been examined by means of zone electrophoresis on starch. It was found that the activity was not associated with the main protein component, and that the active component as well as the contaminating components had an isoelectric point at pH 4.6. Approximately a tenfold purification could be achieved by the electrophoretic procedure.
Parameter estimation algorithms for tropospheric compensation in uplink arrays

The concept of coherently combining X-band (7.2 GHz, nominally 4 cm wavelength) signals at a spacecraft from several 34 meter antennas, thus forming an Uplink Array that increases the signal power at the spacecraft or a radar target by a factor of N2 (where N is the number of array elements), has been documented in previous publications. Although 4 cm wavelength X-band signals typically do not suffer significant losses from tropospheric delay fluctuations over the array, some degradation may occur due to fluctuating tropospheric delays when tracking with the array at low elevations, or under particularly unfavorable weather conditions such as rapidly moving thick clouds and rain. This degradation is exacerbated at higher carrier frequencies, such as Ka-band (32 GHz, nominal 1 cm wavelength) currently planned for future deep-space communications and radar applications, where a given differential delay generates four times greater phase fluctuations than at X-band. In this paper, optimum as well as suboptimum algorithms designed to estimate the relevant parameters for estimating tropospheric phase in real time are presented. For each parameter, the Cramer-Rao bound on estimator performance is derived, and compared with MATLAB simulations designed to test each algorithm's performance.
Molecular Neuropsychology: Creation of Test-Specific Blood Biomarker Algorithms

Background: Prior work on the link between blood-based biomarkers and cognitive status has largely been based on dichotomous classifications rather than detailed neuropsychological functioning. The cu
Estimation of mean trace length of discontinuities

Trace lengths of discontinuities observed on finite exposures are biased due to sampling errors. These errors should be corrected in estimating mean trace length. A technique, which takes into account the sampling errors, is proposed for estimating the mean trace length on infinite, vertical sections from the observations made on finite, rectangular, vertical exposures. The method is applicable to discontinuities whose orientation is described by a probability distribution function. The method requires that the numbers of discontinuities with both ends observed, one end observed, and both ends censored be known. The lengths of observed traces and the density function of trace length are not required. The derivation assumes that midpoints of traces are uniformly distributed in the vertical plane. Also independence between trace length and orientation is assumed. Data on a Pennsylvania shale in Ohio, U. S. A., were used as an example.
Geminate recombination of hydroxyl radicals generated in 200 nm photodissociation of aqueous hydrogen peroxide

Abstract The picosecond dynamics of hydroxyl radicals generated in 200 nm photoinduced dissociation of aqueous hydrogen peroxide have been observed through their transient absorbance at 266 nm. It is shown that these kinetics are nearly exponential, with a decay time of ca. 30 ps. The prompt quantum yield for the decomposition of H 2 O 2 is 0.56, and the fraction of hydroxyl radicals escaping from the solvent cage to the water bulk is 64–68%. These recombination kinetics suggest strong caging of the geminate hydroxyl radicals by water. Phenomenologically, these kinetics may be rationalized in terms of the diffusion of hydroxide radicals out of a shallow potential well (a solvent cage) with an Onsager radius of 0.24 nm.
Growth, decomposition, and nutrient retention of Cladium jamaicense Crantz and Typha domingensis Pers. in the Florida Everglades

Abstract Estimates of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) gains and losses during annual macrophyte growth, death and 2 years decomposition were made along a gradient of surface water nutrient concentrations in the Florida Everglades. Annual rates of P and N allocation to growing leaves, translocation or leaching from dying leaves, and retention in dead leaves of Cladium jamaicense Crantz and Typha domingensis Pers. were correlated to soluble reactive P and nitrate concentrations in surface water. Rates of each of these processes were higher in T. domingensis than in C. jamaicense, Cladium jamaicense rates increased linearly along the nutrient gradients, but did not fluctuate with yearly variations in soluble reactive P or nitrate concentrations. For T. domingensis , annual rates were strongly correlated with mean annual soluble reactive P and nitrate concentrations during specific sampling years. Responses of C. jamaicense to the nutrient gradient were characteristic of species competitive in an infertile habitat, while responses of T. domingensis were characteristic of species competitive in a fertile habitat. The main effect of P and N enrichment on leaf nutrient flux was to accelerate translocation or leaching from dying tissue, rather than to increase retention in standing dead leaves. Freshly dead leaves retained only slightly greater quantities of P and N under enriched conditions in comparison to background conditions. After 2 years of decomposition, approximately half of the leaf litter mass remained intact. Increasing P and N concentrations in decomposing leaf litter resulted in net uptake or retention of these elements after 2 years despite decreasing litter mass. The total amounts of P and N that were sequestered annually by T. domingensis after processes of leaf production, mortality and 2 years decomposition were lowest under non-enriched conditions and reached a maximum under a moderate level of enrichment. Wetland ecosystems such as the Everglades, which developed under conditions of low nutrient supply, may offer a finite potential for accelerated nutrient retention when the exogenous nutrient supply increases as a result of human activities. However, a plant species such as C. jamaicense , that is adapted to a low-nutrient environment, may have a low nutrient threshold before it loses its competitive capability and its habitat is invaded by a species such as T. domingensis that is better adapted to a high-nutrient environment.
Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for incidental stage pT2 or worse tumors

Abstract Objectives To present our experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) in patients with an incidentally detected Stage pT2, pT3a, or pT3b renal mass. Methods Of 525 patients undergoing LPN, 21 (4%) had pT2 or worse disease. LPN routinely involved en bloc excision of the overlying perirenal fat, along with the tumor and a healthy parenchymal margin. The preoperative computed tomography scans of these 21 patients were reviewed again by an unblinded radiologist to determine whether any suspicious radiologic signs of clinical Stage T2 or worse disease were present. Results The tumors were Stage pT2 in 1 (0.2%), pT3a in 19 (3.6%), and pT3b in 1 (0.2%). The mean pathologic tumor size was 3.7 cm (range 1.8 to 7.4). In the patient with pT3b disease, a tumor thrombus invading a renal vein branch was detected laparoscopically. The renal parenchymal and perirenal fat surgical margins were negative for cancer in all 21 patients (100%). The repeated nonblinded review of the preoperative computed tomography scans suggested definitive evidence, equivocal evidence, and no evidence of pT3a disease in 0, 5 (26%), and 14 (74%) patients, respectively, and suspicion for pT3b disease in the 1 patient. One patient with a 2.5-cm pT3a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with negative surgical margins developed distant metastasis and died. During a mean follow-up of 29 months (range 1 to 58), the cancer-specific survival rate was 95%. Conclusions The results of our study have demonstrated that adherence to surgical principles allows LPN to be performed for occult Stage pT2 and pT3 tumors with negative surgical margins and good oncologic outcomes. We have highlighted the importance of routine en bloc laparoscopic excision of the overlying perirenal fat along with the tumor, and intact specimen extraction, mirroring open surgery.
The cannabinoid agonists WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940 attenuate rotational behavior induced by a dopamine D1 but not a D2 agonist in rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway

The effect of cannabinoid receptor stimulation on rotational behavior induced by a dopamine D1 and a D2 agonist was studied in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. The cannabinoid agonists WIN 55,212-2 (2.5 mg/kg) and CP 55,940 (0.1 mg/kg) both markedly attenuated contralateral rotation induced by the D1 agonist SKF 38393 (1.5 mg/kg). In contrast, WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940 did not alter rotation elicited by the D2 agonist quinpirole (0.1 mg/kg). Doses of WIN 55,212-2 and CP 55,940 that attenuated D1-mediated rotation did not produce catalepsy in intact rats or in rats with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions, indicating that the reduction in rotation produced by the cannabinoids was not due to a generalized motor impairment. In addition, the effective dose of WIN 55,212-2, but not CP 55,940, produced only a slight increase in ipsilateral rotation when administered alone, making it improbable that this ipsilateral tendency accounts for the reduction in D1-mediated contralateral rotation. These results suggest a preferential interaction between cannabinoid receptor stimulation and dopamine D1 receptor-mediated behavior.
Medical illness in chronic psychiatric outpatients

A careful physical and laboratory evaluation of 144 chronic psychiatric outpatients revealed medical illnesses in 26%. Chart review indicated that 13% of the patients had illnesses that were previously undetected and that 13% of the patients received some form of new treatment because of the evaluation. The majority of the illnesses did not appear to have directly caused or exacerbated psychiatric symptoms. Because medical illnesses were relatively common in this population, psychiatrists caring for chronic psychiatric outpatients often need to assume some of the health care referral and coordinating functions typically associated with a primary care physician.
Linking Health Services Research to Education at an Academic Health Center.

Academic health centers (AHCs) face numerous challenges as they prepare students, housestaff, and faculty for the rapidly changing health care environment. An already overburdened curriculum makes it difficult to provide medical students with skills in outcomes assessment, health economics, clinical decision making, epidemiology, and basic statistics. Practicing physicians may find it difficult to expend the time and resources needed for degree programs in public health or the evaluative clinical sciences. AHCs may need to tap into existing resources in the health evaluation sciences, as Emory University (Atlanta, Georgia) has done by establishing the Emory University Center for Clinical Evaluation Sciences. Although the Center's primary missions are to be an analytical resource for Emory's health care delivery system and to promote health services research across the university, the authors illustrate its potential as a resource for training medical students, housestaff, and faculty in the evaluative clinical sciences.
NEW PHARMACOLOGIC OPTIONS FOR RENAL PRESERVATION

To understand the rationale for some of the newer pharmacologic renal preservation agents, it is pertinent to review the causes and pathophysiology of renal dysfunction. Traditionally, renal ischemia 7,16,60 (global, 7 relative, or regional 48,49 ), embolic phenomena, 32,96,115 and nephrotoxic exposure 16 are believed to explain the renal injury seen in the perioperative period (Fig. 1). These factors initiate final common pathways that result in a reduction in renal performance, manifested by a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular changes consistent with acute tubular necrosis (Fig. 2), the hallmark of acute renal failure. As a result, renal preservation strategies in the past have concentrated on enhancing GFR, promotion of tubular flow, and removal of tubular debris. Because GFR depends on the size of the filtering bed and the difference in perfusion and oncotic pressures (see Fig. 2), efforts to increase GFR depended primarily on increasing renal perfusion (Table 1, Fig. 3). Recently, however, it has become apparent that the maintenance phase of renal dysfunction is perpetuated by several mechanisms that interact with cellular integrity (Fig. 4). Current concepts in renal injury, therefore, include the cell injury paradigm. In some cases, a pharmacologic renal preservation agent will act as both the hemodynamic and hydraulic level and at the cellular or even subcellular level.
Corn Response to Delayed Planting in the Central Great Plains

In the central Great Plains, there is growing interest in management options that could improve and stabilize corn (Zea mays L.) production in marginal environments. Limited research exists regarding the practice of delayed planting and its impact in the central Great Plains. Three environments were defined from six location-years in 2007 and 2008 based on the degree and duration of environmental stress. When planting was delayed from early April to late June grain yields were reduced by 10% in low-stress environments, increased by 30% with early-season stress, and decreased by 60% when full-season stress occurred. In low-stress and early stress environments, vegetative biomass was greatest for late May to early June planting dates. Leaf area index (LAI) at tassel (VT) also was dependent on planting date, as decreases were not observed in the low-stress and high-stress groups until late June planting dates. In the early-season stress environment, early June planting dates produced the greatest LAI at VT (3.90), and mid-April planting dates produced the lowest (3.34). These results suggest that scenarios exist where later planting may be a viable alternative for maintaining dryland corn yields in select environments.
Metabolism of lead-210 in juvenile and adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

Experiments were conducted measuring the gastrointestinal absorption and elimination of a single dose of lead-210 acetate in infant and adult rhesus monkeys. Urinary and fecal excretion of absorbed lead was followed for 23 days. Infant monkeys eliminated less and absorbed more orally administered lead. Adult animals excreted more absorbed lead in feces, while urinary excretion between adults and infants was similar. Increased absorption of administered lead and reduced fecal excretion of absorbed lead resulted in significantly greater body burden of lead-210 in infant animals. Blood lead values were increased in the infant animals, and were inversely correlated with body burden and percent absorption of ingested lead.
The living heritage of historic crises: curating the Bhopal disaster in the social media landscape

On Heritage aims to offer and promote a rich discussion at the intersection of art, performance, and culture that expands the boundaries of HCI while broadening our understanding of how things of the past come to matter in the present. Elisa Giaccardi, Editor
Physical activity is associated with reduced risk of esophageal cancer, particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Physical activity has been inversely associated with risk of several cancers. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between physical activity and risk of esophageal cancer (esophageal adenocarcinoma [EAC] and/or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [ESCC]). We conducted a comprehensive search of bibliographic databases and conference proceedings from inception through February 2013 for observational studies that examined associations between recreational and/or occupational physical activity and esophageal cancer risk. Summary adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using the random-effects model. The analysis included 9 studies (4 cohort, 5 case–control) reporting 1,871 cases of esophageal cancer among 1,381,844 patients. Meta-analysis demonstrated that the risk of esophageal cancer was 29% lower among the most physically active compared to the least physically active subjects (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 47%). On histology-specific analysis, physical activity was associated with a 32% decreased risk of EAC (4 studies, 503 cases of EAC; OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55-0.85) with minimal heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). There were only 3 studies reporting the association between physical activity and risk of ESCC with conflicting results, and the meta-analysis demonstrated a null association (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.21-5.64). The results were consistent across study design, geographic location and study quality, with a non-significant trend towards a dose–response relationship. Meta-analysis of published observational studies indicates that physical activity may be associated with reduced risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Lifestyle interventions focusing on increasing physical activity may decrease the global burden of EAC.
Amphibole fabric formation during diffusion creep and the rheology of shear zones

We conducted experiments to examine the effect of amphibole-forming hydration reactions on mineral fabric development and the strength of mafic rocks. Both hydrostatic and general shear deformation experiments were conducted on powdered basalt with added water at lower continental crust conditions (800 °C, 1 GPa). Amphibole that formed under hydrostatic conditions exhibits a random lattice-preferred orientation (LPO). In contrast, amphibole formed during deformation exhibits both a strong shape-preferred orientation (SPO) and LPO with a [001] maximum aligned subparallel to the shear direction. Plagioclase in both hydrostatic and deformed samples shows a very weak to random LPO. At low effective strain rates (10−5 s−1 to 10−6 s−1), the stress exponent is ≈1–1.5, consistent with deformation accommodated by diffusion creep. The correlation of the SPO and LPO coupled with the rheological evidence for diffusion creep indicates that the amphibole fabric results from oriented grain growth and rigid grain rotation during deformation. The experimentally produced fabrics are strikingly similar to those observed in amphibolite-grade natural shear zones, supporting interpretations that such rocks deform by diffusion creep. In addition, the rheology of the fine-grained experimental amphibolite is comparable to that predicted using flow laws for wet anorthite. Thus, both our experiments and field analyses indicate that wet plagioclase rheology provides a good constraint on the strength of hydrated lower crust.
Beyond IQ in Preschool Programs

Abstract Over the past two decades preschool programs have, by and large, not eventuated in lasting increases in IQ. They have, however, been characterized as exerting a positive influence on some aspects of academic achievement, and as highly successful in facilitating the development of “social competence,” principally as measured by lower rates of special education placement and grade retention, as well as by other outcomes including lower incidences of juvenile delinquency and pregnancy in adolescence. Examination of the most notable of these programs suggests that academic achievement and social competence outcomes are more modest than previously indicated. In turn, the contention that preschools eventuate in outcomes that are independent of IQ and other standardized test measures may be regarded with caution.
Synthesis of Indole Derived Protease-Activated Receptor 4 Antagonists and Characterization in Human Platelets

Protease activated receptor-4 (PAR4) is one of the thrombin receptors on human platelets and is a potential target for the management of thrombotic disorders. We sought to develop potent, selective, and novel PAR4 antagonists to test the role of PAR4 in thrombosis and hemostasis. Development of an expedient three-step synthetic route to access a novel series of indole-based PAR4 antagonists also necessitated the development of a platelet based high-throughput screening assay. Screening and subsequent structure activity relationship analysis yielded several selective PAR4 antagonists as well as possible new scaffolds for future antagonist development.
Fabrication, Characterization, and Modeling of Fully-Batch-Fabricated Piston-Type Electrodynamic Microactuators

This paper presents the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of electrodynamic microactuators. The actuators are piston-type devices, each comprising of a circular flexible polydimethylsiloxane membrane, a multi-turn Cu coil, and an integrated powder-based NdFeB permanent magnet. The devices are fully batch-fabricated in a single wafer using only three masks. Ranging in diameter from 2.5 to 5.2 mm, three different device designs are quasi-statically and dynamically characterized for their electromechanical performance. The resonant frequencies of the three actuators range from 224 to 820 Hz. The maximum displacements span from 4 to 64 μm for an input power ranging from 250 to 525 mW. The experimental results are supported by a parametric lumped element model of the transducer.
Design of a tooling database implementation for an existing facility

Abstract One of the most critical resources for many manufacturing facilities is tooling. To properly control tooling and make tool-related data available to different manufacturing activities, tooling databases are often employed. Implementing a tooling database around computer hardware/software in an existing facility, however, can be difficult. This paper describes how one U.S. aircraft component manufacturer tackled problems encountered in trying to implement a single tooling database in their facility. Three problems were found: some tooling data were already located in another database; one software application requiring tooling data already had its own internal database; and various computer hardware platforms were used in different departments, making a single interface difficult. The problems were solved by employing two databases, via various software agents, and creating a platform-independent interface to the primary database. The resulting implementation proved a viable approach for the facility, and provides a good example of how such database implementation problems can be handled.
Heat Conduction Through a Flat Punch

r An elastic half plane is indented by a perfectly conducting rigid flat punch, which is ^-maintained at a different temperature from the half plane. It is found that, depending on the magnitude and direction of the total heat flux, one of the following states occurs: separation at the punch corners, perfect thermal contact throughout the punch face, or an imperfect contact region at the center with adjacent perfect contact regions. ^ ^
Calcium alters the properties of [3H]diazepam binding sites in rat brain membranes.

Abstract 1. 1. [ 3 H]diazepam ([ 3 H]DZ) was used as a ligand to study the effects of Ca 2+ on benzodiazepine binding to rat brain membranes. 2. 2. [ 3 H]DZ bound at a single class of binding sites showing K D and B max values of 5.4 nM and 852 fmol/mg protein respectively. These values are consistent with previous reports. 3. 3. Amongst the various divalent cations tested Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Sr 2+ had no significant effect on [ 3 H]DZ binding. Mn 2+ , Ba 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ and La 2+ enhanced radioligand binding, whereas Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ inhibited [ 3 H]DZ binding to brain freeze-thawed membranes. 4. 4. The inhibition of [ 3 H]DZ binding by Ca 2+ was concentration-dependent. 50% inhibition occurred at a Ca 2+ concentration of 5.6mM. The Hill coefficient for the inhibition was 1.03, displaying noncoperativity. The effect of Ca 2+ on [ 3 H]DZ binding could be prevented by La 3+ but was not reversed by EGTA. 5. 5. A kinetic analysis of Ca 2+ inhibition of [ 3 H]DZ binding indicates that Ca 2+ inhibited competitively. Analysis of binding isotherms indicates that both K D and B max were altered at the [ 3 H]DZ binding sites. The marked increase in K D value in the presence of Ca 2+ (5 mM) can be explained by a drastic increase in the dissociation rate constant. 6. 6. It was suggested that Ca 2+ may induce a conformational change in the diazepam binding sites on rat brain membranes. The unchanged Hill coefficient in the presence or absence of Ca 2+ indicates that a single population of binding sites was labeled by [ 3 H]DZ. 7. 7. The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and W-7 were weak inhibitors of [ 3 h]dz binding.
Diamond Polytypes in Mexican Crude Oil

The presence of C nanoparticles in the asphaltenes precipitated from a crude oil from the sureste Basin in Mexico is reported. Most of the near spherical nanoparticles were identified as the 3C cub...
Cross-combined composite sampling designs for identification of elevated regions

Analyzing soils for contaminants can be costly. Generally, discrete samples are gathered from within a study area, analyzed by a laboratory and the results are used in a site-specific statistical analysis. Because of the heterogeneities that exist in soil samples within study areas, a large amount of variability and skewness may be present in the sample population. This necessitates collecting a large number of samples to obtain reliable inference on the mean contaminant concentration and to understand the spatial patterns for future remediation. Composite, or Incremental, sampling is a commonly applied method for gathering multiple discrete samples and physically combining them, such that each combination of discrete samples requires a single laboratory analysis, which reduces cost and can improve the estimates of the mean concentration. While incremental sampling can reduce cost and improve mean estimates, current implementations do not readily facilitate the characterization of spatial patterns or the detection of elevated constituent regions within study areas. The methods we present in this work provide efficient estimation and inference for the mean contaminant concentration over the entire spatial area and enable the identification of high contaminant regions within the area of interest. We develop sample design methodologies that explicitly define the characteristics of these designs (such as sample grid layout) and quantify the number of incremental samples that must be obtained under a design criteria to control false positive and false negative (Type I and II) decision errors. We present the sample design theory and specifications as well as results on simulated and real data.
The one-pot synthesis and the fluorescence and cytotoxicity studies of chlorotricarbonyl(α-diimine)rhenium(I), fac -(CO) 3 (α-diimine)ReCl, complexes

Abstract An one-pot reaction of Re2(CO)10 and an α-diimine (1:2 molar ratio) in refluxed 2-chloroethanol afforded the corresponding chlorotricarbonyl(α-diimine)rhenium(I) complexes, fac-(CO)3(α-diimine)ReCl, 1-4, in very high yield. The α-diimines in 1-4 are 2,2′-bipyridyl, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, respectively. Alternatively, an one-pot reaction of Re2(CO)10 and an α-diimine (1:2 mole ratio) in refluxed 1-pentanol in the presence of CO2 and HCl yielded the corresponding chloro complexes, 1-4, in very high yield. 1-4 were characterized spectroscopically. Additionally, 3 and 4 were characterized through X-ray crystal structure determinations. The chloro complexes, 1-4 exhibit fluorescence both in the solid states and in solutions. Surprisingly, 1-4 are cytotoxic against breast, prostate, and lung cancer cell lines.
Observation of global Alfvén eigenmode avalanche events on the National Spherical Torus Experiment

Instabilities excited by the fast-ion population on NSTX (Ono et al 2000 Nucl. Fusion 40 557) extend from low-frequency energetic particle modes (EPMs) at tens of kHz through toroidal Alfv?n eigenmodes (TAEs) in the range 50?150?kHz to global and compressional Alfv?n eigenmodes (GAE and CAE) in the frequency range 0.3?2.5?MHz, or roughly 0.1?ci to 0.7?ci. The GAE instabilities exhibit complex non-linear behaviour, including onset of strong growth above an amplitude threshold. This is conjectured to occur when resonance regions in phase space start to overlap, resulting in enhanced rapid growth and redistribution of energetic particles, a process referred to as an 'avalanche' (Berk et al 1995 Nucl. Fusion 35 1661). The GAE are suppressed following the avalanche, suggesting depletion of the fast-ion population resonantly driving the modes, and in some instances the GAE bursts appear to trigger lower frequency TAE avalanches or EPMs, suggesting some significant redistribution of fast ions in phase space has occurred. These are the first reported observations of avalanching behaviour for an instability driven through the Doppler-shifted cyclotron resonance. This paper also provides internal measurements of GAE structure showing that the mode amplitude peaks towards the plasma core.
THE PURIFICATION OF THE ANTIBODIES IN TYPE I ANTI-PNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM, AND THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE TYPE-SPECIFIC PRECIPITIN REACTION

1. Methods for the concentration of Type I pneumococcus antibody have been outlined. 2. The physical and chemical properties of the purified antibody have been described. 3. The chemical basis of serological specificity has been discussed.
Survival in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patients Awaiting Transplant

Purpose Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease with lung transplantation as the only chance for survival for patients who become refractory to optimal medical therapy. Prior to May 2005, transplant priority was awarded based on wait time, resulting in many severely ill patients dying before accruing sufficient time on the wait list. In 2005, the Lung Allocation Score (LAS) was introduced in order to award priority based on need. Though several equations have been developed to predict survival of PAH patients, it is unclear if those equations are accurate in predicting survival for patients on the transplant list. Methods and Materials Data was obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Analysis was performed on 1027 PAH patients listed for lung or heart/lung transplantation since 1991. Overall survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves, and was compared to predicted survival from the Pulmonary Hypertension Connection (PHC) and French equations. Survival estimates were repeated for those listed prior to and after January 1, 2006 (allowing for 6 months to reset the wait list from introduction of LAS). Results Predicted survival based on the PHC and French equations were similar to observed survival in the full data set. Both equations underestimate survival for those listed prior to 2006, and overestimate survival for those listed after 2006. [ figure 1 ] Conclusions The results of this analysis show that current prediction models overestimate survival for those PAH patients being listed for transplant in the LAS era. A new survival equation needs to be developed that accurately reflects outcome in the LAS era in order to guide clinicians caring for PAH patients with progression of disease requiring transplant.
Potentials and ionic exchange in slime mold plasmodia

Abstract 1. 1. Slow potential changes (+ 1 to + 5 mV) recorded between any two sites on a plasmdium were greatest in amplitude when one electrode was ont he advancing front. 2. 2. Slow potential, recorded simultaneously from different regions, were not ij phase with each other. 3. 3. Fast potentials were recorded only from an advancing front or a site of injury were approximately + 1 to + 5 mV. 4. 4. The internal potential was −45 mV. 5. 5. Uinic exchanges studies that sodium and potassium are exchanged at the advancing front and that potassium is retained over sodium.
Differential Regulation of Articular Cartilage Biomechanical and Biochemical Properties by IGF-1 and TGF-β1 During In Vitro Growth

Articular cartilage (AC) is a load bearing material that provides a low friction wear resistant interface in synovial joints. Naturally-occurring and stimulated intrinsic repair of damaged AC is ineffective. Thus, there is a desire to engineer effective replacement tissue that could be used for AC repair. Previous studies [1] have shown that culture of immature cartilage with medium including TGF-β1 will result in a more mature tissue than culture with IGF-1. Detailed characterization of tissue mechanical properties would be helpful for development of cartilage growth models [2].Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Effect of elastic stress on the resistance of (Bi, Pb)2Sr2CaCu2CaCu2Ox single crystals

Abstract We have measured the effect of elastic stress σ on the resistivity ρ of BiSCCO whiskers in the a - and c -directions, with the stress along the a -axis. We find, in units of GPa −1 , dln(ρ a )/dσ 11 =(0.064±0.020) and dln(ρ c )/dlnσ 11 =(0.28±0.05). Combining these results with those of Forro et al . [dln(ρ a )/dP=−0.075 GPa − and dln)ρ c ) dP=−0.4 ∗ ] and assuming (a) BiSCCO to be tetragonal and (b) dρ 33 dσ 11 = dρ 11 dσ 33 , we estimate the tensor dρ i dσ j =[A ij ] . Estimating the elastic constants, we laso find Bij=dρ i d j .
The Quality of Factor Solutions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: The Influence of Sample Size, Communality, and Overdetermination.

The purpose of this studywas to investigate the relationship between sample size and the quality of factor solutions obtained from exploratory factor analysis. This research expanded upon the range of conditions previously examined, employing a broad selection of criteria for the evaluation of the quality of sample factor solutions. Results showed that when communalities are high, sample size tended to have less influence on the quality of factor solutions than when communalities are low. Overdetermination of factors was also shown to improve the factor analysis solution. Finally, decisions about the quality of the factor solution depended upon which criteria were examined.
Mixed-Metal Assemblies Containing Multiply Bonded Dirhenium Species Linked through Thiocyanate- and Cyanide-Containing Bridging Units

The lability of the terminal Re-Cl bond that is cis to the bridging CO ligand in the edge-sharing bioctahedral complexes Re(2)(mu-Cl)(mu-CO)(mu-PP)(2)Cl(3)(L), where PP = Ph(2)PC(=CH(2))PPh(2) (dppE) when L = CO (1) and PP = Ph(2)PCH(2)PPh(2) (dppm) when L = CO (2) or XyINC (3), has been exploited in the preparation of mixed-metal Re(4)Pd(2), Re(2)Ag, Re(2)W, Re(2)Pt, and Re(2)Rh assemblies, in which the dirhenium units are bound to the other metals through NCS or CN bridges. These complexes, which retain the Re=Re bonds of the parent dirhenium complexes, comprise the novel centrosymmetric complex [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)(mu-NCS)](2)Pd(2)(mu-SCN)(mu-NCS)Cl(2) (9), and the trimetallic complexes Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)Ag(CN)] (10), Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)W(CO)(5)] (11), [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)Pt(CN)(CN-t-Bu)(2)]]PF(6) (12), [Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-N(CN)(2))Rh(CO)(PPh(3))(2)]]O(3)SCF(3) (13), and Re(2)Cl(3)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO)(2)[(mu-NC)W(CO)(5)] (16). The identities of 9 and 16 have been established by X-ray crystallography, and all complexes characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The reactions of the dicarbonyl complex 1, and the isomeric pair of complexes Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO)(CNXyl), which have edge-sharing bioctahedral (ESBO) (3) and open bioctahedral (OBO) (4) geometries, with Na[N(CN)(2)] and K[C(CN)(3)] have been used to prepare complexes in which the uncoordinated CN groups have the potential to coordinate other mono- or dimetal units to form extended arrays. The complexes which have been prepared and characterized are the monosubstituted species Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppE)(2)(CO)(2) (X = N(CN)(2) (14) or C(CN)(3) (15)) and Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO)(CNXyl) (X = N(CN)(2) (17) or C(CN)(3) (18) with ESBO structures; X = N(CN)(2) (19) or C(CN)(3) (20) with OBO structures), of which 15, 18, and 20 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determinations. The substitutional labilities of the Re-Cl bonds in the complexes Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO) (5), Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2)(CNXyl) (6), and Re(2)Cl(4)(mu-dppm)(2) (7) toward Na[N(CN)(2)] and K[C(CN)(3)] have also been explored and the complexes Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppm)(2)(CO) (X = N(CN)(2) (21) or C(CN)(3) (22)), Re(2)Cl(3)(X)(mu-dppm)(2)(CNXyl) (X = N(CN)(2) (23) or C(CN)(3) (24)), Re(2)Cl(2)(X)(2)(mu-dppm)(2)(CNXyl) (X = N(CN)(2) (25) or C(CN)(3) (26)), Re(2)[N(CN)(2)](4)(mu-dppm)(2) (27), and Re(2)[C(CN)(3)](4)(mu-dppm)(2) (28) isolated in good yield. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of 24, 26, and 27 have shown that the Re-Re triple bonds present in the starting materials 5-7 are retained in these products.
Ice-Crusts and snow-settling, Snoqualmie Pass, winter of 1940-1941

During the winter of 1939–40, the changes occurring to ice-crusts and the settling of the snow at Snoqualmie Pass were followed by a series of seven observations made at approximately two-week intervals. The observations were made without a snow-sampler. Changes in density and water-content, therefore, could not be obtained. However, by spreading dyes on the top of the snow at several visits and measuring the height of these dyed layers later (by cutting a profile through the snow) certain features of the changes of a snow-cover were explained [see 1 of “References” at end of paper].
Expanding Rural Managed Care: Enrollment Patterns and Prospects

ABSTRACT: This paper synthesizes national data on rural HMO enrollment in commercial plans, Medicaid HMOs and prepaid plans, and Medicare risk-based plans. Although most rural counties now are incl...
An interpretive study of doctoral mentoring in literacy

This research focused on one mentor and her advisee and how they characterized the mentoring process and their roles in it. The mentor, a seasoned veteran, was independent, self‐motivated, and passionate about her work. The doctoral student, on the other hand, sought the expertise of a more knowledgeable person to help her deal with, and reduce, her stress. Clearly, both individuals saw reciprocity in their relationship. The faculty mentor perceived the doctoral student as someone who could lend another set of eyes to her work; the student viewed herself in the role of expanding the mentor's research interests. The faculty member saw mentoring as a concrete, sequential process, ultimately leading to independence as a scholar. The doctoral student expressed a combination of anxiety and eventual comfort, viewing the range of research experiences as an opportunity to explore options.
Latino / Hispanic -- who needs a name? The case against a standardized terminology

Public health specialists, policy makers, social scientists, and politicians, for different reasons, have welcomed the “Hispanic” label. The label presumably identifies an ethnic group that is also a minority group (i.e., a group historically subject to economic exploitation and racial discrimination). Consequently, its consistent use by federal and state agencies would produce large quantities of comparable data useful for research, and for policy making and implementation. Critics have argued that the label is racist, it mystifies the real reasons for the disproportionately high proportion of people of Mexican and Puerto Rican descent in disadvantaged social and economic conditions, and stands in the way of a fair implementation of affirmative action. Latino, a race-neutral term with historical roots, has been suggested as an alternative to be used in conjunction with national origin or regional forms of self-identification. In this article, I argue that any standardized terminology is unavoidably flawe...
Brain myelination in the offspring of ethanol-treated rats: in utero versus lactational exposure by crossfostering offspring of control, pairfed and ethanol treated dams.

Abstract Pregnant Long-Evans rats were received on day 5 of gestation and divided into 4 treatment groups: (1) 27% calories provided as ethanol in a liquid diet; (2) pairfed i.e., isocaloric liquid diet restricted to match group (1); (3) liquid diet provided ad libitum; and (4) laboratory chow and water provided ad libitum. Litters were culled to 8 pups at birth and crossfostered across dams in all 4 groups to provide offspring falling into 16 different experimental groups, including some exposed to ethanol in utero only and some exposed only during lactation. At birth, blood alcohol levels of dams, culled pups and alcohol levels in the stomach contents of culled pups were measured. All pups were weaned and fed laboratory chow and water ad libitum from 21 days onward. At ages 16, 21, 30 and 52 days, pups were sacrified, and organ/body weight ratios and brain myelin concentrations were determined. Ethanol treated dams had longer gestational periods. The offspring of ethanol treated dams which were crossfostered to pairfed and well nourished dams during lactation had delayed eye opening, persistent lag in body growth and slightly lower brain myelin concentrations. Offspring of dams which were either pairfed or well nourished during gestation, but crossfostered during lactation to ethanol treated dams, had abnormal organ weights, abnormal brain weights and severely depressed brain myelin concentrations persisting through 52 days of age. Thus, lactational ethanol effects on brain myelin were more severe than gestational effects; body growth was affected more severely by gestational exposure, and gestational effects were generally less severe with adequate nutrition.
Attempt to Produce Atherosclerosis in Chickens by Feeding Cholesterol.

ConclusionThe aorta of the young adult rooster commonly exhibits areas of intimal fibrosis, with an infiltration of lipid into the thickened intima and the underlying media. Feeding of cholesterol for periods up to 4 months fails to increase the incidence of such lesions, but may slightly augment the deposition of lipid, particularly in the media. For the production of intimal lipid deposits in the aorta by feeding cholesterol, the chicken, therefore, appears to be an unsatisfactory animal.
Ethical perspectives on the foreign direct investment decision

This paper examines the foreign direct investment decision from an ethical perspective, and considers the moral agency involved in such decisions, with emphasis upon the corporate decision-maker. Historical capital allocation models once regarded as both financially and ethically normative are shown to be deficient in today's environment. Work of modern western philososphical and theological ethicists is included in analyses of the applicability of selected ethical approaches or metaphors to multinational foreign direct investment decisions and the corporate manager's role and responsibility as corporate decision-maker and moral agent. The ethical perspectives reviewed can serve as an aid to the individual manager's determination of what constitutes a responsible exercise of decision-making power.
Ouabain-sensitive bicarbonate secretion and acid absorption by the marine teleost fish intestine play a role in osmoregulation.

The gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) intestine secretes base mainly in the form of HCO3− via apical anion exchange to serve Cl− and water absorption for osmoregulatory purposes. Luminal HCO3− secretion...
Effects of procaine on hypoxia induced abnormalities in canine myocardial tissues.

Summary Combined effects of hypoxia, hyperkalemia and acidosis (HH&A) produced contracture (increased resting tension) in canine ventricular muscle tissues but not in Purkinje fibers perfused for the same length of time. Administration of procaine during such contracture stabilized the resting tension somewhat. High [Ca] o during HH&A causes contracture to appear much sooner. On return to oxygenated tyrode oscillatory after potentials (or oscillations in diastole) developed in ventricular muscles, and these oscillations disappeared in the presence of procaine.