cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tensile creep of Mo–Si–B alloys

Abstract Multiphase Mo–Si–B alloys containing a Mo solid solution matrix and brittle Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2 (T2) intermetallic phases are candidates for ultra-high-temperature applications. The elevated temperature uniaxial tensile response at a nominal strain rate of 10−4 s–1 and the tensile creep response at constant load between 1000 °C and 1300 °C of a (i) single phase solid solution (Mo–3.0Si–1.3B in at.%), (ii) two-phase alloy containing ∼35 vol.% T2 phase (Mo–6Si–8B in at.%) and (iii) three-phase alloy with ∼50 vol.% T2 + Mo3Si phases (Mo–8.6Si–8.7B in at.%) were evaluated. The results confirm that Si in solid solution significantly enhances both the yield strength and the creep resistance of these materials. A Larson–Miller plot of the creep data showed improved creep resistance of the two- and three-phase alloys in comparison with Ni-based superalloys. The extent of Si dissolved in the solid solution phase varied in these three alloys and Si appeared to segregate to dislocations and grain boundaries. A stress exponent of ∼5 for the solid solution alloy and ∼7 at 1200 °C for the two multiphase alloys suggested dislocation climb to be the controlling mechanism. Grain boundary precipitation of the T2 phase during creep deformation was observed and the precipitation kinetics appear to be affected by the test temperature and applied stress.
Effect of ACTH on ECS-produced amnesia of a passive avoidance task*

Rats given electroconvulsive shock following a one-trial passive avoidance step-down task showed amnesia for that task. Administering adrenocorticotropic hormone, 4 h after training, produced recovery of the avoidance behavior. This suggests that reactivating the internal physiological state present during training is sufficient to retrieve memories that are inaccessible following electroconvulsive shock.
160. Prebiotic-associated changes in gut microbiota affect the stress-induced inflammatory response

Stressor exposure increases inflammatory (CINC-1. IL1β, IL6, IL10) and stress (Hsp72) proteins in the absence of a foreign antigen. Recent evidence suggests that compromise of intestinal barrier integrity and increased translocation of bacteria from the intestinal lumen may contribute to these effects. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli are commensal bacteria found in the gut and are associated with improved intestinal epithelial integrity and attenuated bacterial translocation following stress. Prebiotics, a form of non-digestible dietary fiber, can promote the growth of select beneficial bacteria in the gut. We therefore hypothesized that two prebiotics, Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and Polydextrose (PDX), would increase Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and reduce the impact of stress on inflammatory and stress proteins. Juvenile Fisher rats (PND 24, 8/grp) were fed a diet containing GOS/PDX for 4 weeks and exposed to inescapable tail shock stress (100 1.5 mA tail shocks) or remained in their home cages. Mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, adipose and plasma were immediately collected after IS. Fecal samples were collected on the fourth week prior to stress, and plated on media selective for Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. Diets containing GOS/PDX increased Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., reduced stress-induced Hsp72 responses, and had little effect on the inflammatory protein response. These data suggest that GOS/PDX alters aspects of the stress response perhaps by modulating the gut microbiota. Supported by Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute.
Novel multilayer modulation doped (Al,Ga)As/GaAs structures for self-aligned gate FETs

The fabrication of self-aligned gate by ion implantation modulation doped (Al,Ga)As/GaAs field effect transistors (MODFETs) utilising a novel multilayer structure capable of withstanding the high-temperature furnace anneals required for Si implant activation is reported. Typical measured extrinsic transconductances of 175 mS/mm at 300 K and 290 mS/mm at 77 K were achieved on 1.1 μm-gate-length devices. Values of the two-dimensional electron gas saturation velocity of 1.9×107 cm/s at 300 K and 2.7×107 cm/s at 77 K were obtained from an analysis of the FET drain current/voltage characteristics using the charge-control model.
A model for repeat trial product tests

A non-forced choice model is developed that describes subject behavior on repeat trial discrimination tests of the “pick 1 ofk” form. The model is developed from the Dirichlet distribution, and it allows for the derivation of individual true scores and of sampling properties for various constructs of interest. These results permit the analysis and comparison of test designs. The model is applied to issues such as forced vs. non-forced choice formats, the best number of alternatives at a choice point, and the selection of expert panels.
Introduction to Forensic Pathology

Chapter 3 provides the reader with an overview of forensic pathology, including the duties of a forensic pathologist, the required training, and various qualifications. Specific duties of forensic pathologists include death investigation, autopsy performance, identification of dead bodies, documentation of findings, death certification, testifying and consultation.
Small‐angle X‐ray scattering study of liquid crystalline polycarbonates based on α‐methyl stilbene mesogen and methylene‐containing flexible spacer

Crystallization and melting behavior are studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for a series of recently synthesized monotropic liquid crystalline polycarbonates based on α-methyl stilbene mesogen and methylene flexible spacer. The one-dimensional electron density correlation function is used to obtain long period, crystal thickness, and linear crystallinity from the Lorentz-corrected SAXS intensity. Changes in these parameters during nonisothermal crystallization and melting are explained by a model of dual crystal populations. The primary crystals form first using the liquid crystalline phase as crystal nuclei, while smaller and less perfect crystals form later from the isotropic phase at low temperature. The results of the real-time SAXS study of isothermal crystallization also support the view that the nematic phase serves as crystal nuclei for fast crystallization. An odd-even effect in crystal thickness and linear crystallinity is observed in all the SAXS experiments mentioned above. The results of this study and our complementary wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) investigation show clearly that the difference in the position of the neighboring carbonate dipoles on a chain affects structural organization both at the unit cell level and at the level of the crystal in these monotropic LCPs. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sex Attraction in Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae)

The potato psyllid, Bactericera (=Paratrioza) cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a major pest of potato. We examined the role of chemical signals in sex attraction, assessing male and female response to male- and female-produced volatile chemicals. In laboratory olfactometer assays, potato psyllid males were attracted to odorants emitted from live females and from solvent extract of females. These results indicate that the female-produced chemicals responsible for attracting males may be isolated by means of insect extractions. Males were also attracted to volatile chemicals from males and extracts of males, providing the first example of male-male attraction in the Psylloidea. Males exposed simultaneously to odorants from conspecific females and males were preferentially attracted to female odorants, suggesting the presence of a female-specific sex attractant for males. Potato psyllid females avoided volatile chemicals emitted by females and extracts of females and by volatile chemicals emitted by males and extracts of males. Possible explanations for avoidance of conspecifics by females are discussed. This study is the first report of male attraction to volatile chemicals emitted by females and female extracts in the Triozidae and more specifically in the potato psyllid.
Requirement of the epidermal growth factor receptor in renal epithelial cell proliferation and migration

We showed that renal proximal tubular cells (RPTC) can proliferate and migrate following plating and oxidant or mechanical injury in the absence of exogenous growth factors; however, the mechanisms of this response remain unclear. We examined whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is activated following plating and mechanical injury and mediates RPTC proliferation and migration. EGFR, Akt [a target of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)], and ERK1/2 were activated after plating and mechanical injury, and their phosphorylation was further enhanced by addition of exogenous EGF. Inactivation of the EGFR with the selective inhibitor AG-1478 completely blocked phosphorylation of EGFR, Akt, and ERK1/2 and blocked cell proliferation and migration after plating and injury. Inhibition of PI3K with LY-294002 blocked Akt phosphorylation and proliferation, whereas U-0126 blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation but had no effect on proliferation. Furthermore, p38 was phosphorylated following mechanical injury and the p38 inhibitor SB-203580 blocked p38 phosphorylation and cell migration. In contrast, neither PI3K nor ERK1/2 inhibition blocked cell migration. These results show that EGFR activation is required for RPTC proliferation and migration and that proliferation is mediated by PI3K, whereas migration is mediated by p38.
Metadata and Infrastructure in Internet History: Sockets in the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol

In this paper we describe the generation and utilization of metadata as part of normal network function on the early Arpanet. By using the Arpanet Host-Host Protocol and its sockets as an entry point for studying the generation of metadata, we show that the development and function of key Arpanet infrastructure cannot be studied without examining the creation and stabilization of metadata standards. More specifically, we use the Host-Host Protocol’s sockets as an example of something that, at the level of the network, functions as both network infrastructure and metadata. By presenting the function of sockets in tandem with an overview of the Host-Host Protocol and a key application built atop it, Telnet, we illustrate the necessity of studying infrastructure and metadata in tandem. Finally, we draw on Esveld (1990) to reintroduce the concept of infradata to refer specifically to data that locates data throughout an infrastructure and is required by the infrastructure to function, separating it from established and stabilized standards. We argue for the future application of infradata as a concept for the study of histories and political economies of networks.
"Low-Income Men and Fathers' Influences on Children?"

This article examines what we know about how low-income fathers matter for children. The authors first provide a theoretical background about how parents generally (and fathers more specifically) are expected to influence children’s development and well-being. The authors note the importance of considering differences across children’s age, gender, and race/ethnicity; and they identify key methodological challenges in this area. Then, they summarize the literature on residential fathers and child well-being, finding that greater involvement has been linked to better outcomes for children; however, much of this research has been conducted on more socioeconomically advantaged samples. For fathers who live away from their children, child support payments appear to improve children’s outcomes, but the benefits of father-child interaction are much less clear and likely depend on the quality of the interaction and the characteristics of fathers. Overall, the authors conclude that low-income fathers can have a p...
The irreducible floating hip: a unique presentation of a rare injury

A floating hip injury occurs in the setting of poly-trauma and is a rare and difficult problem to manage. Floating hip injuries require vigilant attention not only to the osseous injuries but also the surrounding compartments and soft tissue envelope. We report the case of a 35-year-old male with a lower extremity posterior wall acetabular fracture, ipsilateral femoral shaft fracture and a postero-superior hip dislocation. Closed reduction failed, necessitating an open reduction internal fixation of his hip dislocation and acetabular fracture. The patient then developed a thigh compartment syndrome requiring a fasciotomy. Despite the obvious bony injuries, orthopedic surgeons must be vigilant of the neurovascular structures and soft tissues that have absorbed a great amount of force. A treatment plan should be formulated based on the status of the overlying soft tissue, fracture pattern and the patient's physiologic stability.
Unbiased second-division segregation in Neurospora.

Results of crosses of a large number of Neurosporas of different origin, including several distinct strains of N. sitophila , were utilized to re-examine the question of whether certain wild-type Neurosporas other than N. crassa show biases in the two types of second-division segregation. Segregations for alleles of the mating type and peak loci on a wide variety of genetic backgrounds gave little evidence for excess either of symmetrical or asymmetrical ‘post-reduction’ asci.
Random behavior in regular spike times: a phase function to find periodicity in spike time sequences, and its application to globus pallidus neurons.

Real spike time sequences can exhibit considerable variability. Conventional correlation methods [1,2] that require in general long time duration sequences cannot be reliably used to discover frequency components or time constants that might exist at shorter time scales. Recently we introduced a phasefunction method [3] to characterize much shorter duration spike time data, which can show periodicity and time constants present in fewer number of spike times than needed by correlation methods. We use an autophase function to systematically explore the temporal frequencies in spike time sequences recorded from rat globus pallidus neurons of basal ganglia in slices. Globus pallidus neurons spike spontaneously. The spontaneity can produce rhythmic oscillations over hours of in vitro recordings. However, the spike times are known to have considerable variability among spike times [4,5]. The change in variability can be on the order of seconds. The resultant interspike interval histograms defy conventional classification into gamma distributions, and instead follow approximately log-normal distributions. Application of autophase function method to these spike times reveals strong periodicity at short time scales. Thus it is puzzling that a random distribution can emerge from such strong oscillations. We investigate the changes in periodicity in time in globus pallidus neurons, and the effect of rate on the disruption of their frequency.
Fourier analysis of the Eulerian–Lagrangian least squares collocation method

SUMMARY A Fourier analysis was performed in order to study the numerical characteristics of the effective Eulerian-Lagrangian least squares collocation (ELLESCO) method. As applied to the transport equation, ELLESCO requires a C1-continuous trial space and has two degrees of freedom per node. Two coupled discrete equations are generated for a typical interior node for a one-dimensional problem. Each degree of freedom is expanded separately in a Fourier series and is substituted into the discrete equations to form a homogeneous matrix equation. The required singularity of the system matrix leads to a ‘physical’ amplification factor that characterizes the numerical propagation of the initial conditions and a ‘computational’ one that can affect stability. Unconditional stability for time-stepping weights greater than or equal to 0.5 is demonstrated. With advection only, ELLESCO accurately propagates spatial wavelengths down to 2Ax. As the dimensionless dispersion number becomes large, implicit formulations accurately propagate the phase, but the higherwave-number components are underdamped. At large dispersion numbers, phase errors combined with underdamping cause oscillations in Crank-Nicolson solutions. These effects lead to limits on the temporal discretization when dispersion is present. Increases in the number of collocation points per element improve the spectral behaviour of ELLESCO.
Parameter-Dependent Lyapunov Functions for Linear Systems With Constant Uncertainties

Robust stability of linear time-invariant systems with respect to structured uncertainties is considered. The small gain condition is sufficient to prove robust stability and scalings are typically used to reduce the conservatism of this condition. It is known that if the small gain condition is satisfied with constant scalings then there is a single quadratic Lyapunov function which proves robust stability with respect to all allowable time-varying perturbations. In this technical note we show that if the small gain condition is satisfied with frequency-varying scalings then an explicit parameter dependent Lyapunov function can be constructed to prove robust stability with respect to constant uncertainties. This Lyapunov function has a rational quadratic dependence on the uncertainties.
Marketing to the Poor: An Integrative Justice Model for Engaging Impoverished Market Segments

Abstract The relatively recent entry of multinational corporations (MNCs) into low-income markets, particularly in developing countries, affords the opportunity for the more inclusive capitalism envisioned by globalists. Alternatively, an expansion of MNC marketing in less developed economies might foreshadow the greater exploitation of disadvantaged consumers predicted by many critics of expanded free trade. To diffuse the charge of “exploitative” marketing, it is imperative that corporate marketing efforts seeking to engage impoverished segments be grounded in a strong ethical framework. This article unveils one such framework—the “integrative justice model” (IJM). The IJM is an aspirational model that outlines how to market ethically to disadvantaged consumers in both developed and developing countries. The authors derive the elements of this model from frameworks of moral philosophy and management theory. Although the IJM is normative in nature, the authors connect it to real-world examples, which pro...
Biases in Illumina transcriptome sequencing caused by random hexamer priming

Generation of cDNA using random hexamer priming induces biases in the nucleotide composition at the beginning of transcriptome sequencing reads from the Illumina Genome Analyzer. The bias is independent of organism and laboratory and impacts the uniformity of the reads along the transcriptome. We provide a read count reweighting scheme, based on the nucleotide frequencies of the reads, that mitigates the impact of the bias.
Biochemical aspects of distribution of carbon isotopes in organic matter

We propose a mechanism of fractionation of carbon isotopes in living organisms that explains lightening of carbon lsotopic composition of organisms as compared with the assimilated carbon- dioxide and nonunlform distribution of carbon isotopes in the biochemical components of cells. The distributinn of carbon isotopes in the biocomponents may be used as Indicator of biogenic nature of organic compounds and of the processes of transformation of organic matter into caustobiolllhs. The relation of carbon isotopic composition of organic matter and petroleum to the environment of sedimentation is explained.—Authors.
Dietary restraint and low bone mass in female adolescent endurance runners

Background: Because disordered eating (DE) has been related to menstrual irregularity (MI) and low bone mineral density (BMD) in some studies of female athletes but not in others, it seems beneficial to assess the DE attitudes and behaviors most associated with these conditions. Objective: We aimed to determine the relation between Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) subscale scores, pathologic behaviors, MI, and low BMD in adolescent female runners. Design:Participantswere93femalecompetitivecross-countryrunners 13–18 y old. The EDE-Q, composed of subscales for weight concern, shape concern, eating concern, and dietary restraint, was used to assess DE. Menstrual history was determined by using a questionnaire derived from a medical history form administered before participation in high school athletics. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry and the World Health Organization criterion of2or1 SD, respectively, was used to categorize runners as having low BMD. Results: Runners with elevated restraint had a significantly (P 0.001)greaterincidenceoflowBMDthandidrunnerswithelevated weight and shape concern. After adjustment for possible confounding variables (including menstrual history), lumbar spine BMD, bone mineral content, and BMD z score values were lowest in runners with elevated restraint. In addition, total-body BMD and totalbody BMD z scores were significantly (P 0.05) lower in runners with elevated restraint than in those with elevated weight or shape concern.ElevatedEDE-Qscoresforweightorshapeconcern,pathologic behaviors, or any combination of the 3 without concurrent dietary restraint were not significantly associated with low bone mass. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, in adolescent female runners, dietary restraint may be the DE behavior most associated with negative bone health effects. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:36–43.
Spectrum of pediatric gliomas: implications for the development of future therapies

The therapy of gliomas is still challenging. This is especially true for pediatric gliomas because response to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy agents and radiation therapy is currently often poor and because therapy-related morbidity is a significant problem in children. Stratification of tumors according to biologic characteristics and new more targeted therapies therefore hold the promise of better tumor control as well as reduced side effects. Significant progress has been made in recent years in understanding the biology of gliomas. These new insights into the molecular mechanism driving tumor growth uncover new potential molecular targets for future therapies. In addition, they start to uncover biologically defined tumor subtypes that may have to be considered independently in the search for optimal treatment regimens.
Farming the South African “Bush”: Ecologies of belonging and exclusion in rooibos tea

As rooibos tea's economic value has risen, its status has gone from a wild plant to a culturally significant product against which some residents of the South African rooibos-growing region measure their sense of belonging and indigeneity. I examine how “coloured” residents negotiated the region's fraught history of cultural indigeneity as well as its celebratory relation to ecological indigeneity. With the majority of land still in white South Africans’ hands and more than a quarter of the population without work, indigenous claims have taken on increasing importance as political rallying points and means of economic survival. Although “coloured” people, members of a South African racial category denied nativity to any place, could potentially benefit from claims of indigeneity, many rejected a temporally and spatially incarcerating idea of cultural indigeneity. Instead, they found economic possibilities in and metonymic identification with an indigenous plant. [race, indigeneity, South Africa, multispecies, agriculture, commodity]
A NOVEL APPROACH TO PLANAR CAMERA CALIBRATION

Camera calibration is an important step in 3D reconstruction of scenes. Many natural and man made objects are circular and form good candidates as calibration objects. We present a linear calibration algorithm to estimate the intrinsic camera parameters using at least three images of concentric circles of unknown radii. Novel methods to determine the projected center of concentric circles of unknown radii using the projective invariant, cross ratio, and calculating the vanishing line of the circle are proposed. The circular calibration pattern can be easily and accurately created. The calibration algorithm does not require any measurements of the scene or the homography between the images. Once the camera is fully calibrated the focal length of zooming cameras can be estimated from a single image. The algorithm was tested with real and synthetic images with different noise levels.
Patterns of care for omission of radiation therapy for elderly women with early-stage breast cancer receiving hormonal therapy

Abstract Purpose For well-selected elderly women who undergo segmental mastectomy for early-stage, estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer, hormonal therapy alone is emerging as an acceptable adjuvant therapy option since the initial publication of Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9343 study in 2004 and update in 2013. The rate of adoption of adjuvant hormonal therapy alone in lieu of radiation therapy (RT) and its associated patterns of care is not known in the United States and was the subject of this study. Methods and materials We used the National Cancer Data Base to identify women aged ≥70 diagnosed with T1N0/T1Nx invasive breast cancer who underwent segmental mastectomy between 1998 and 2011. Because hormone receptor status was not specifically and reliably coded, only those who received hormonal therapy were included in this analysis. Univariate and multivariable exploratory analyses of factors associated with the use of RT were performed using SPSS, version 17.0. Results Of the 182,115 patients who met inclusion criteria, 97,530 (53.6%) patients underwent hormonal therapy and were included in the analysis. The RT utilization rate in this subset decreased with time from 84.9% in 1998 to 75.1% in 2011 ( P Conclusions This study assesses the patterns of care associated with the omission of RT in elderly women with early-stage breast cancer who received adjuvant hormonal therapy. Since the publication of major clinical trials, this strategy has been increasingly adopted. The strongest predictors of using this strategy included advanced patient age, high comorbidity score, and low-grade disease.
Direct Method Cash Flow Statements: Their Time Has Come

Research indicates that the direct method of preparing the statement of cash flows is preferred by users (Broome 2004; Knutson 1993). SFAS No. 95 expresses a preference for the direct method, but allows firms to use the indirect method (FASB 1987). This compromise was the result of a concerted lobbying effort by companies who argued the direct method would require costly modifications to their accounting information systems. While this may have been true in the 1980s, technological advances do not justify the continued use of the indirect method when users clearly prefer the direct method. However, currently available accounting information systems do not generally provide an efficient way to generate a statement of cash flows using the direct method. This article illustrates a work around for preparing the direct method statement using current accounting software, discusses some of the difficulties in using the work around, and suggests some modest changes that software developers could make that would make preparing the direct method statement of cash flows as easy as producing an income statement or a balance sheet.
Zooarchaeology and Changing Food Practices at Carrizales, Peru Following the Spanish Invasion

Through analysis of zooarchaeological remains from two occupations at the site of Carrizales, we examine how an indigenous Peruvian maritime community responded to imperial interventions in their daily lives in the late sixteenth century. Following their forced resettlement into a planned reduccion village, and amidst demographic decline and tribute extraction, Carrizales’s residents significantly changed how they put food on the table, pursuing less time-intensive strategies of food collection and incorporating Eurasian animals into their diets. These results illustrate the dynamism of relations between imperial political economies and domestic life and the efficacy of indigenous survival strategies.
Identification of Optimal Printing Conditions for Laser Printing of Alginate Tubular Constructs

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) laser-assisted orifice-free printing technique has emerged as a promising approach for the fabrication of tissue constructs. For the better adoption of this technique, this study has investigated the effects of operating conditions, including the laser fluence and receiving substrate velocity, on the printing quality in terms of whether printed features are well-defined or not. Four main morphologies of printed lines before gelation have been identified during line printing: isolated droplets, discontinuous segments, well-defined lines, and over-printed lines. The 2125 mJ/cm 2 laser fluence and 100 mm/min substrate velocity conditions, corresponding to a 0.42 overlap ratio, have been identified as a combination of optimal printing conditions by using an 8% alginate solution under a 10 Hz laser repetition rate. Alginate straight and bifurcated Y -shaped tubes have been successfully printed by applying the identified optimal printing conditions.
Mapping the DNA of Urban Neighborhoods: Clustering Longitudinal Sequences of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Change

The spatial pattern of longitudinal trends in neighborhood socioeconomic dynamics has long been implied by traditional urban models dating back to the Chicago School; however, empirical studies beyond the mapping of change between two points in time are surprisingly limited. This article introduces a methodology to the study of spatial–temporal patterns of neighborhood socioeconomic change. The approach first involves establishing discrete classes of neighborhoods following a k-means clustering procedure and then applies a sequential pattern mining algorithm to determine the similarity of longitudinal sequences. Sequences are then clustered to derive a typology of neighborhood trajectories. The method is employed in an empirical analysis of neighborhood change from 1970 to 2010 for all census tracts in the cities of Chicago and Los Angeles. In Chicago, this time period was marked by a sustained process of center city revitalization through two distinct upgrading processes, whereas in Los Angles, neighborh...
On the Incoherence Objection to Rule-Utilitarianism

For a long time many philosophers felt the incoherence objection was a decisive objection to rule-consequentialism, but that position has recently become less secure, because Brad Hooker has offered a clever new way for rule-consequentialists to avoid the incoherence objection. Hooker’s response defeats traditional forms of the incoherence objection, but this paper argues that another version of the problem remains. Several possible solutions fail. One other does not, but it introduces other problems into the theory. I conclude that the new incoherence objection still poses a major challenge to rule-consequentialism, though not for the reasons usually assumed. It does not constitute a fatal objection to rule-consequentialism but instead highlights a theoretical drawback in the theory which must be taken into account during a more holistic evaluation of rule-consequentialism and its rivals.
Abstract 87: Assessment of Stroke Caregiver Readiness: A Primary Prevention Strategy

Introduction: More than 3.5 million family caregivers provide assistance with activities and instrumental activities of daily living for stroke survivors living at home. Studies consistently indica...
Risk for Disability and Poverty Among Central Asians in the United States

Understanding the disability-poverty relationship among minority groups within the United States (US) populations may help inform interventions aimed at reducing health disparities. Limited information exists on risk factors for disability and poverty among "Central Asians" (immigrants born in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and other Central Asian regions of the former Soviet Union) in the US. The current cross-sectional analysis used information on 6,820 Central Asians to identify risk factors for disability and poverty. Data from the 2009-2013 Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) file from the American Community Survey (ACS) indicate that being married, non-Latino-white, and having higher levels of educational attainment are protective against disability and poverty. In contrast, older age, residing in the Middle Atlantic geographic division, and having limited English language ability are risk factors for both disability and poverty. Research should continue to develop risk profiles for understudied immigrant populations. Expanding knowledge on the well-being of Central Asians in the US may help impact public health interventions and inform health policies.
On Symmetric Functions

(1899). On Symmetric Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 103-107.
FDA Approval of Flibanserin — Treating Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

After three reviews, the FDA approved flibanserin for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women, concluding that efficacy had been established but requiring a boxed warning, an alcohol contraindication, and a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy.
Pituitary FSH Content in Male Rats at Various Ages

SummaryThe FSH content of the anterior pituitary glands of male rats was found to increase from 17.5 μg of NIH FSH-S-3 equivalents at 10 days of age to 294 μg at 35 days of age. Thereafter, it leveled off at about 300 μg and this value, which is 15-20 times the value in adult female rats, persisted into adulthood.
Special-purpose authorities: a welcomed alien to decentralization in Lebanon?:

Countries in transition face numerous political and economic challenges often exacerbated by persistent corruption and internecine religious conflict. In Lebanon, existing local governments have proven ineffective at providing many public services, especially those with spillover effects and externalities. This article proposes a structural change: the introduction of special-purpose local authorities to provide a single service transcending the boundaries of individual local governments. This proposal promises an innovative and practical solution to some existing problems; moreover, it will disentangle some of the complexities in the social and political milieus of a country typified by intense conflict.Points for practitionersThis article proposes a policy recommendation to address one of the many challenges facing decentralization in Lebanon. Existing local governments have proven ineffective at providing many public services, especially those with spillover effects and externalities. Special-purpose l...
Study on the pathogenic characteristics of bacterial food-poisoning from 2000 to 2006 in Guangzhou

Objective:To study the characteristics and laws of food-poisoning caused by bacteria and provide scientific data for the control and prevention of food-borne diseases including food-poisoning.Methods:Samples from suspected food-poisoning were subject to bacterial isolation and identification and related data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 software.Some of the isolates were subtyped by PFGE.Results:For seven years,70 of 124 food-poisoning cases were positive for pathogenic bacteria(with positive rate of 56.45%).Food-poisoning occurred all year around,with the highest frequency from September to October.Twelve categories of pathogenic bacteria were detected and the most frequently seen bacteria were as follows:Staphylococcus aureus(34.25%),Vibrio parahaemolyticus(28.57%),Salmonella(18.57%),Vibrio alginolyticus(15.71%).Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio alginolyticus contaminated mainly meat and it was mainly utensils in the case of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella.The places where bacterial food-poisoning happened most frequently were food industry(28.23%),followed by kindergarten(19.35%).Close relationship was seen among food-poisoning related isolates and environmental isolates demonstrated diversity in pulsotype.Conclusion:Health guidance and supervision should be strengthened,in order to reduce food-poisoning cases caused by bacteria.
Analysis of Local Rubella Outbreak in Huanglong County of Shaanxi Province

Objective The characteristics of rubella outbreak in Huanglong County were analyzed for providing basis for future prevention and control of rubella.Methods Descriptive epidemiology was applied for surveyed data.Blood samples from patients at early stage of the disease were collected for testing IgM antibody with ELISA method.Results During the period from April 4 to August 23,2006,a total of 163 cases of rubella occurred in Huanglong County of Shanxi Province,the attack rate was 3.35.These cases occurred mainly in May,with a peak in the first 10 days of July.The proportion of cases aged 5-9 years were the highest,however,cases occurred also in adults.There was no immunization history of rubella vaccine for all cases.With integrated measures such as through isolation of source patients timely,the outbreak was quickly and effectively controlled.Conclusions The low vaccination rate and accumulation of susceptible population were main cause of the outbreak.Adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures were main measures to control the outbreak.Adopting integrated measures of prevention and control to rubella could effectively control the outbreak.
Atmospheric Temperature Profile Measurements Using Mobile High Spectral Resolution Lidar

The High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) designed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison discriminates between Mie and Rayleigh backscattering [1]. It exploits the Doppler effect caused by thermal motion of molecules, which broadens the spectrum of the transmitted laser light. That allows for absolute calibration of the lidar and measurements of the aerosol volume backscatter coefficient. Two iodine absorption filters with different absorption line widths (a regular iodine vapor filter and Argon buffered iodine filter) allow for atmospheric temperature profile measurements. The sensitivity of the measured signal-to-air temperature ratio is around 0.14%/K. The instrument uses a shared telescope transmitter-receiver design and operates in eyesafe mode (the product of laser average power and telescope aperture equals 0.1 W m 2 at 532 nm).
Determination of lead in table wines by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

A quick, easy method was developed for the analysis of table wines for lead quantitated at > or = 14 ng Pb/mL wine. The method uses graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction and a L'vov pyrolytic graphite platform. Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is used as a matrix modifier. Wines are diluted by a factor of 10 with 1% HNO3 and analyzed directly. Their absorbances are compared with those of a standard curve prepared with 1% HNO3. Analytical results obtained by comparison with a standard curve agreed with those obtained by the method of standard additions. Four white, 4 red, and 2 rose wines were studied. Pb concentrations varied from 15 to 135 ng Pb/mL. Wines fortified with 100 ng Pb/mL had an average recovery of 94%. The average short-term relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.1%; the average long-term RSD was 7.4%. The estimated detection (3 sigma) and quantitation (10 sigma) limits were 4 and 14 ng Pb/mL, respectively.
Seismic Protection of the Piers of Integral Bridges using Sliding Bearings

Seismic resilience and continued operation of bridges after earthquakes are important seismic design criteria. A new seismic protection concept for integral bridge piers is explored that uses sliding bearings to separate the superstructure from the piers. The influence of sliding bearings on the seismic response of a representative 3-span integral highway bridge is investigated. With sliding bearings, the pier column shear force was limited to the bearing design friction force. Furthermore, the abutment ductility demands were found to be insensitive to the friction forces in the sliding bearings because the bridge displacement demands were controlled by the equal displacement rule.
Surveillance Mammography in Older Patients With Breast Cancer—Can We Ever Stop?: A Review

Importance Approximately 4% to 5% of breast cancer survivors will develop a new ipsilateral or contralateral cancer (in-breast event) over the 5 years following diagnosis, and annual surveillance mammography is recommended for those with residual breast tissue. The risk for such in-breast events persists over time, though increasing age at cancer diagnosis and treatment with hormonal therapy are associated with lower risk, and most older survivors of breast cancer will ultimately die from nonbreast cancer–related causes. Specific guidelines for surveillance strategies in older patients are limited. Prospective data on the benefits and harms of surveillance mammography in this population are lacking, and most of the evidence is derived from observational, retrospective data, often in the general population. Observations We review the current recommendations for breast cancer screening and surveillance for older patients, the current evidence for ipsilateral and contralateral breast cancer risks in older survivors of breast cancer, and suggested approaches for discussions about surveillance mammography with older patients. We recommend individualized decision making for surveillance breast imaging in older survivors of breast cancer, with consideration of the following strategy for women 70 years or older: 1-time imaging 6 to 12 months after completion of local therapy followed by annual or biennial surveillance mammography for healthy women and cessation of mammography in patients whose life expectancy is less than 5 years to 10 years, regardless of age. Decisions on mammographic surveillance should also incorporate whether hormonal therapy is being administered, whether a patient’s anticipated life expectancy is extraordinary, and whether a patient’s individual risk for in-breast events is higher (or lower) than average risk for breast cancer survivors. Conclusions and Relevance We propose reframing discussions around surveillance mammography in older breast cancer survivors and to consider cessation while taking into account life expectancy, the estimated risk for subsequent in-breast events, and patient preferences.
Viral Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Enormous advances in the control of bacterial and fungal pathogens have occurred over the last decade. Although host factors such as impairment of granulocyte function or impaired mucosal barrier integrity are major risk factors for bacterial and fungal pathogens, compromise of cell-mediated immunity, especially of cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells), appears to be most significant in accounting for susceptibility to viral pathogens. As dose intensity of the chemotherapeutic regimens used in the therapy of hematological malignancies has escalated over the last decade, greater susceptibility to viral pathogens has emerged.
Migraciones mediáticas: la translocación del español en televisoras hispanas de Estados Unidos

Este articulo enfocara el contacto, en estaciones de television hispanas en EE UU, entre variedades del espanol, y de estas variedades con el ingles, produciendo encuentros que arrojan luz sobre la dimension transnacional de la lengua. Ademas, se cuestionara la concepcion de un espanol neutro en redes como Univision y Cisneros Media. El concepto de espanol neutro se conecta con estrategias de expansion del mercado televisivo.
Neurologic Evaluation in Children With Laryngeal Cleft.

Importance Referral to a neurologist and imaging play important roles in the management of laryngeal cleft. Swallowing involves a complex series of neuromuscular interactions, and aspiration can result from anatomical causes (eg, laryngeal cleft), neuromuscular disorders, or some combination thereof. To date, no protocols or guidelines exist to identify which patients with laryngeal cleft should undergo neuroimaging studies and/or consultation with a neurologist. Objective To establish guidelines for neurologic evaluation and imaging techniques to identify or rule out neuromuscular dysfunction in children with laryngeal cleft. Design Retrospective review of the medical records of 242 patients who were diagnosed with laryngeal cleft at a tertiary children’s hospital between March 1, 1998, and July 6, 2015. Based on this review, an algorithm to guide management of laryngeal cleft is proposed. Main Outcomes and Measures Data extracted from patient medical records included the type of laryngeal cleft, details of neurologic referral, results of neuroimaging studies, and objective swallow study outcomes. Results Of the 242 patients, 142 were male and 100 were female. Mean age at the time of data analysis was 8.7 years (range, 10 months to 25 years), and there were 164 type I clefts, 64 type II, 13 type III, and 1 type IV. In all, 86 patients (35.5%) were referred to a neurologist; among these, 33 (38.4%) had examination findings indicative of neuromuscular dysfunction or dyscoordination (eg, hypotonia, spasticity, or weakness). Abnormal findings were identified in 32 of 50 patients (64.0%) who underwent brain imaging. Neurosurgical intervention was necessary in 3 patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation and in 1 patient with an intraventricular tumor detected on neuroimaging. Conclusions and Relevance A substantial proportion of patients with laryngeal cleft have coexistent neuromuscular dysfunction as a likely contributing factor to dysphagia and aspiration. Collaboration with a neurologist and appropriate neuroimaging may provide diagnostic and prognostic information in this subset of patients. At times, imaging will identify critical congenital malformations that require surgical treatment.
Proportioning for performance-based concrete pavement mixtures

The work presented in this dissertation involves an effort to develop a mix proportioning tool that can be used to determine the required type and amount of concrete components in a mixture based on the desired fresh and hardened concrete properties. Concrete performance is affected by the quantity and quality of the paste, and aggregate systems. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of binder systems with different types and content; the paste quality; and size, shape, texture and gradation of different aggregate systems on various fresh and hardened concrete properties. In this experimental program, a total of 178 mixtures were prepared with 7 different gradation systems, 12 binder systems, 25 binder contents, 6 different water-to-binder ratio (w/b), and 3 different nominal air content. Fresh properties of slump, air content, air-void system, setting time, unit weight, and temperature were tested. Hardened properties of compressive strength, rapid chloride penetration, surface resistivity, air permeability, and shrinkage were tested at various ages. However, to develop such a tool, this study overall focused on the assessment of workability, compressive strength, and durability as these three properties are commonly used as indicators of concrete performance. Durability was assessed by testing the rapid chloride penetration, and surface resistivity at 28-days. As part of this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) approach has been used for concrete mix proportion design to analyze the complexity between concrete properties and concrete components. Results have shown that development of a performance-based mix proportioning tool is possible for mixtures when aggregate gradation is not varied. Development of a mix proportioning tool with addition of the various aggregates systems generally was not as successful due to the increased variability of the mix design parameters such as size, shape, texture, and gradation of aggregates. The proposed mix proportioning tool is promising and achievable in terms of predicting the values of the tested properties based on the mix design variables. Although the proposed mix proportioning tool is not completely ready for prime time, the findings of this study can be implemented in real time when this approach is used with a larger data set.