cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Discontinuous Expression of a Membrane Antigen (HB-7) During B Lymphocyte Differentiation

We have examined the expression of a cell surface antigen by B lineage cells in human fetuses, newborns and adults using a newly produced monoclonal antibody, HB-7. The HB-7 antigen was found to be a protease sensitive 45,000 MW molecule that appeared to be the same molecule recognized by the OKT-10 antibody. The HB-7 reactive molecule was expressed by all fetal pre-B and B cells, and 50% of newborn blood and adult bone marrow B cells. In contrast, only a small minority of B cells (2-12%) from blood, spleen and tonsil of adults were weakly HB-7+. The pokeweed mitogen-responsive B cell precursors of plasma cells were also HB-7-, but the HB-7 antigen was re-expressed during the plasma cell stage. We conclude that this antigen is unique among known B cell differentiation antigens in its intermittent pattern of expression during B cell development. The reactivity of the HB-7 antibody with immature, but not mature, B cells makes it well suited for studies of B cell ontogeny.
Ionic recognition by proton-ionizable lariat ethers and their polymers

To probe the influence of structural variation within dibenzo-16crown-5-oxyacetic acids upon the selectivity of alkali metal cation separations by solvent extraction and liquid membrane transport processes, studies have now been conducted in homogeneous solution by NMR spectroscopy and titration calorimetry and in the solid state. Condensation polymerization of such proton-ionizable lariat ethers with formaldehyde produces a new class of ion-exchange resins which contain cyclic polyether binding sites as well as ion-exchange site for metal ion complexation.
Is faster really better? An empirical test of the implications of innovation speed

New product innovation is critical to the competitive advantage of many firms. However, there is much hoopla, but little evidence, regarding the benefit of innovation speed. Specifically, there exists insufficient, often conflicting evidence about how dimensions of innovation strategy (cost, quality, and speed) relate to one another and how they ultimately affect project success. Evidence from 75 new product development projects clearly indicates that speed is positively related to quality and has the greatest influence on success. However, several external and firm-level factors were found to moderate the effect of innovation strategy dimensions on project success. Results point to the fact that relationships between dimensions of innovation strategy and project success vary with level and source of uncertainty, with the clearest finding being that speed leads to success primarily in more predictable contexts. This suggests that a fast-paced innovation strategy is best when "you know where you're going".
STRESS DISTRIBUTION IN AN ELASTIC PERFECTLY PLASTIC PLATE SUBJECTED TO CORROSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS

We analyse deformations of an isotropic elastic/perfectly plastic plate subjected to environmental effects such as the corrosive forces exerted by the surrounding medium. It is found that for the bounding surfaces of the plate to deform plastically, the corrosion process must propagate to a point whose distance from the outer bounding surface exceeds one third the half-thickness of the plate, and for the central unaffected material to also deform plastically the half-thickness of the corroded layer must exceed five eighths the half-thickness of the plate.
The Meaning of Money: An Individual-Difference Perspective

We discuss individual differences in the meanings people attach to money. We briefly review the management theory and research that describe money as a motivator and how attitudes about pay influence behavior. Following this is a section on money as an individual-difference construct, how it is defined and measured, and to what it is related. We conclude the article with a discussion of how an understanding of this individual-difference variable can further our theory, research, and practice in the areas of human resource management and organizational behavior.
A statistical analysis of shape reconstruction from areas of shadows

We present a statistical analysis of the problem of shape reconstruction from measurements of the brightness function (areas of shadows) by deriving the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on the estimated 2-D boundary. Confidence region techniques are used to analyze and visualize the performance of the 2-D parametric shape estimation problem. The brightness function data is very weak, so a constrained CRLB is used on the shape parameters to form the confidence regions. Algorithms for reconstructing the shape of a convex object from multiple measurements of its brightness function were developed in [R. J. Gardner and P. Milanfar, "Shape reconstruction from brightness functions", August 2001] and [R. J. Gardner and P. Milanfar, "Reconstruction of convex bodies from brightness functions"]. The Cramer-Rao bound analysis presented provides statistical estimates that can be used for performance evaluation of these algorithms.
Optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To review the clinical features, natural history, potential pathogenic mechanisms, differential diagnosis, and management of optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis. Methods: Relevant literat...
Uses of Herd Composition and Age Ratios in Ungulate Management

Wildlife managers commonly collect sex and age ratios to manage ungulate populations. This information typically is used to assess trends in population goals (e.g., bull elk [Cervus elaphus] escapement). Many managers may be unaware or underestimate the amount of information that can be derived from these commonly collected ratios. Herein, I review types of information applicable to population management that can be derived from composition ratios. This information includes mortality or survival rates, maximum sustainable mortality levels, and adult sex ratios. Further, I demonstrate the interaction of ratios with each other. Herd composition and age ratios can provide significant relevant data for population management, but care must be used in their interpretation.
Taking swarms to the field: AUV reorientation algorithm for PSO realization

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) can be used in swarm robotic search tasks to find extrema that represent targets. PSO assumes that particles can update their positions and velocities instantaneously in each iteration of the algorithm. For optimization purposes, this assumption is acceptable, however, it is not suitable when the algorithm is to be used by a swarm of robots to find a target in a search task. The reason is that robots have physical constraints that inhibit them from updating their position and velocity instantaneously. In this paper, we consider the application of PSO in a search task performed by a swarm of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) with reorientation constraints. Each vehicle has a minimum turn radius and an associated maximum turn angle, therefore, cannot reach the updated velocity and position instantaneously. A vehicle reorientation algorithm consisting of four atomic turn sequences is first introduced, then utilized to extend PSO. This adds realism to PSO and makes it directly usable in AUV controllers. Vehicle controller design, its integration with the modified PSO, and simulation of the latter are also presented.
Helping Consumers Eat Less

Food companies have been accused of contributing to the growing problem of obesity in the United States (Brownell and Horgen, 2004). They are in a sensitive position because they are torn between two groups of stakeholders — consumers who want a variety of tasty, inexpensive, convenient food, and concerned public policy officials and activists who believe that companies should be more responsive in helping combat obesity. What causes us to gain weight in the first place is the same three things that enabled our Paleolithic relatives to gain weight and survive the Ice Age — we are wired to overeat food that is convenient, palatable, and easy (inexpensive) to obtain. And we don’t become obese overnight. Slightly more than 85% of the population gain weight because of an average calorie excess of less than 25 calories/day. Yet 25 extra calories/day can gradually become a big problem over the long run. Such gradual problems seldom have instant solutions. There are, however, reasonable steps that can be taken to help turn back the tide a few calories at a time. Successful food companies and marketers have become successful because they have been able to create win-win situations for both themselves and consumers. They have been able to create foods and delivery systems that profitably satisfied what consumers wanted or needed. There is no reason to believe that addressing the obesity issue will be different. Having the motivation to profitably address this issue will produce some of the same ingenious, innovative solutions as it has in the past.
Ambient Effects on Thin Film Interactions

Thin film interactions often show strong dependence on the annealing ambients used. The outdiffusion of a large number of metals and semiconductors through an overcoating gold film and subsequent formation of surface oxides have been observed to be greatly enhanced using a steam or air ambient compared with those using vacuum or inert ambients. The ambient effects become more puzzled when the overcoating metal consists of gold and silver layers, depending on the sequence of these layers. These ambient effects are shown to be well correlated by a surface potential model which considers both the relation between the overcoating metal and the underlying diffusing species, and the effects of ambient on the surface properties of the overcoating metal at the interface. Further ambient effects have been predicted and confirmed, including reduced interactions by oxygen for many systems with different overcoating metals. Different interaction mechanisms have also been observed, including competing ambient effects, competing interactions, and preferential reactions, all affected by the ambients used. Understandings of the various ambient effects not only provide important insights into the interface interactions in general, but also have great impact on metallurgical contacts in device technologies. Future studies for the ambient effects are also discussed.
IB-09STING AGONIST INDUCES POTENT ANTI-GLIOMA IMMUNITY VIA INDUCTION OF TYPE-I IFN SIGNALS IN THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT

While type-I interferons (IFNs) play critical roles in antiviral and antitumor activity, it remains to be elucidated how type-I IFNs are produced in sterile conditions of the tumor microenvironment and directly impacts tumor-infiltrating immune cells. We report that both human and de novo mouse gliomas show increased expression of type-I IFN messages, and in mice, CD11b+ brain-infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) are the main source of type-I IFNs that is induced partially in a STING (stimulator of IFN genes)-dependent manner. Consequently, glioma-bearing StingGt/Gt mice showed shorter survival, and lower expression levels of Ifns compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, BILs of StingGt/Gt mice show increased CD11b+ Gr-1+ immature myeloid suppressor and CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, while decreased IFN-g-producing CD8+ T cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that received direct type-I IFN signals demonstrate lesser degrees of regulatory activity and increased levels of antitumor activity, respectively. Finally, intratumoral administration of a STING agonist (cyclic diguanylate monophosphate; c-di-GMP) improves the survival of glioma-bearing mice associated with enhanced type-I IFN signaling, Cxcl10 and Ccl5 and T cell migration into the brain. In a combination with subcutaneous OVA peptide-vaccination, c-di-GMP increased OVA-specific cytotoxicity of BILs and prolonged the survival. These data demonstrate significant contributions of STING to antitumor immunity via enhancement of the type-I IFN signaling in the tumor microenvironment, and imply a potential use of STING agonists for development of effective immunotherapy, such as the combination with antigen-specific vaccinations.
Transcriptional targeting of human liver carboxylesterase (hCE1m6) and simultaneous expression of anti-BCRP shRNA enhances sensitivity of breast cancer cells to CPT-11.

BACKGROUND The major factor limiting the efficacy of breast cancer chemotherapy is multidrug resistance due to overexpression of the breast cancer resistance protein ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), member 2 (ABCG2). We hypothesized that conversion of camptothecin-11 (CPT-11) to its highly cytotoxic metabolite SN-38 by a mutant human carboxyl esterase (hCE1m6) specifically in cancer cells and inhibition of ABCG2 by anti-ABCG2 short hairpin RNA, leads to accumulation of a higher concentration of SN-38, resulting in higher therapeutic efficacy and less toxicity to normal cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mutant human carboxyl esterase hCE1m6 with human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was integrated into the VISA (VP16-Gal4-WPRE) amplification system. The plasmid was transfected into MCF-12A, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells using JetPRIME®. Cancer-specific expression of hCE1m6 in breast cancer cell lines was tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR) and western blot. In vitro conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38 was evaluated on lysates of transfected cells. Cytotoxicity of CPT-11 against cells transfected with the plasmid was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS Real-time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that hCE1m6 was expressed only in breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, but not in the normal MCF-12A breast cell line. From the CPT-11 conversion assay on cell lysates, it was found that expressed hCE1m6 in cancer cells was able to effectively convert CPT-11 to SN-38. CONCLUSION Breast cancer cell lines transfected with hCE1m6 showed an increased susceptibility to CPT-11 in comparison to MCF-12A cells.
Distal mean nocturnal baseline impedance on pH-impedance monitoring predicts reflux burden and symptomatic outcome in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

SUMMARYBackground Mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), a novel pH-impedance metric, may be a surrogate marker of reflux burden. Aim To assess the predictive value of MNBI on symptomatic outcomes after anti-reflux therapy. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, pH-impedance studies performed over a 5-year period were reviewed. Baseline impedance was extracted from six channels at three stable nocturnal 10-min time periods, and averaged to yield MNBI. Distal and proximal oesophageal MNBI values were calculated by averaging MNBI values at 3, 5, 7 and 9 cm, and 15 and 17 cm respectively. Symptomatic outcomes were measured as changes in global symptom severity (GSS, rated on 100-mm visual analogue scales) on prospective follow-up after medical or surgical anti-reflux therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses assessed the predictive value of MNBI on symptomatic outcomes. Results Of 266 patients, 135 (50.8%) were tested off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and formed the study cohort (52.1 ± 1.1 years, 63.7% F). The 59 with elevated acid exposure time (AET) had lower composite and distal MNBI values than those with physiological AET (P < 0.0001), but similar proximal MNBI (P = 0.62). Linear AET negatively correlated with distal MNBI, both individually and collectively (Pearson's r = −0.5, P < 0.001), but not proximal MNBI (Pearson's r = 0, P = 0.72). After prospective follow-up (94 patients were followed up for 3.1 ± 0.2 years), univariate and multivariate regression models showed that distal MNBI, but not proximal MNBI, was independently predictive of linear GSS improvement. Conclusions Distal oesophageal MNBI negatively correlates with AET and, when assessed off PPI therapy, is independently predictive of symptomatic improvement following anti-reflux therapy.
Prediction of lung cancer genotype noninvasively using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of cell-free plasma DNA (cfDNA).

8059 Background: Noninvasive plasma genotyping has the potential to accelerate delivery of targeted therapies to genotype-defined cancer populations and obviate repeat biopsies, particularly following drug resistance. We recently reported on a new assay for plasma genotyping using ddPCR of cfDNA (Oxnard et al., Clinical Cancer Research, 2014). Here, we aimed to predict the genotype of tumor biopsies using plasma genotyping. Methods: We identified patients (pts) with advanced NSCLC and acquired resistance to erlotinib that underwent rebiopsy and plasma collection on three IRB-approved protocols. Rebiopsy specimens underwent clinical EGFR genotyping. Plasma was collected in EDTA tubes, cfDNA extracted, and EGFR genotype quantified using ddPCR assays for L858R, exon 19 del and T790M. Serial plasma genotyping on treatment was performed for a subset of pts. This assay was then piloted in pts with advanced NSCLC who had not yet undergone tumor genotyping. Results: A total of 32 pts undergoing rebiopsy had plasm...
A Small ELF Electric Field Probe

The design and development of a probe for measuring electric fields at extremely low frequencies is described. The probe is spherically shaped and relatively small (6.3 cm in diameter) and uses a fiber-optic readout so as not to unnecessarily disturb the measured electric field. The probe is capable of measuring fields between 10 mv/ meter and 100 voltsmeter. Problems encountered in the design and packaging of the probe and operational data for the probe are presented.
Painting the emerging image: portraits of family-informed scholar activism

AbstractIn this article, we, two professors and two students of educational leadership, embrace the pedagogies of community engagement through the ecologies of self, organization, and community. In this article, we explore the development of community-engaged scholars and practitioners through two distinct lenses: faculty who facilitate engaged learning processes and student-practitioners who are enacting these processes in their work. We use an auto-ethnographic technique, our own stories, to describe the will (motivation) and capacity (knowledge) gained through community engagement. More importantly, we provide vivid accounts of marked differences in our teaching, learning, and leadership. As a result, we have become activists in our craft as practitioners and scholars. We also examine how our community-based teaching and learning has been manifested in our current practice..
Ni bonded TiC cermet pyramidal lattice structures

Abstract Ultralight pyramidal lattice structures with a relative density ( ρ ) ranging from 1.5 to 21% have been fabricated from a Ni bonded TiC cermet and configured as sandwich panels using a mechanical snap-fit and vacuum brazing technique. The lattice structures moduli and strengths have been measured using unit cell samples during out of plane compression as a function of the lattice relative density. Two strut failure modes were observed: Euler buckling of the struts dominated the response at low density, ρ ⩽ 1.5%, while compressive yielding failure governed the response for ρ > 1.5%. The measurements are shown to be well predicted by micromechanics models of these strut failure modes, and excellent agreement was achieved between experimental results and finite element predictions. When compared with other cellular lattices and topologies, snap-fit Ni bonded TiC composite pyramidal lattice structures are found to exhibit superior mechanical properties, and appear to be promising candidates for high temperature applications.
African Americans in Standard Behavioral Treatment for Obesity, 2001-2015: What Have We Learned?:

African Americans (AAs) bear a disproportionate burden of the obesity epidemic, yet have historically been underrepresented in weight loss research. We conducted a narrative review of large ( N > 75) randomized prospective clinical trials of standard behavioral treatment for weight loss that reported results in the past 15 years (2001-2015) to (a) determine the rates of inclusion and reported results for AAs and (b) further identify strategies that may result in improved outcomes. Of the 23 trials reviewed, 69.6% of the studies met or exceeded population estimates for AAs in the United States. However, only 10 reported outcomes and/or considered race in the analytic approach. At 6 months, AA participants consistently lost less weight than White participants. The use of culturally tailored intervention materials and monthly personal telephone calls were reported as factors that may have enhanced treatment response. Future behavioral weight loss trials should also increase reporting of outcomes by race.
Temporal Regulation of GABAA Receptor Subunit Expression: Role in Synaptic and Extrasynaptic Communication in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Recent molecular studies suggest that the expression levels of δ and γ2 GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunits regulate the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA neurotransmission in multiple brain regions. We investigated the expression of GABAAδ and GABAAγ2 and the functional significance of a change in balance between these subunits in a robust local GABA network contained within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN). Muscimol, which can activate both synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAARs, injected into the SCN during the day phase advanced the circadian pacemaker, whereas injection of the extrasynaptic GABAA superagonist 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo(5,4-c)pyridin-3-ol (THIP) had no effect on circadian phase. In contrast, injection of either THIP or muscimol during the night was sufficient to block the phase shifting effects of light. Gene expression analysis of the whole SCN revealed different temporal patterns in GABAAδ and GABAAγ2 mRNA expression. When examined across all subregions of the SCN, quantitative immunohistochemical analysis found no significant variations in GABAAδ protein immunoreactivity (IR) but did find significant variations in GABAAγ2 protein-IR in hamsters housed in either LD cycles or in constant darkness. Remarkably, significant interactions in the ratio of GABAAδ:GABAAγ2 subunits between lighting condition and circadian phase occurred only within one highly discrete anatomical area of the SCN; a region that functions as the input for lighting information from the retina. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAARs determines the functional response to GABA, and that this balance is differentially regulated in a region-specific manner.
Age greater than 60 years portends a worse prognosis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer: should there be three age categories for staging?

Age is an important prognostic factor in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), with better survival observed in patients 5 cm (p < 0.001), more likely to have metastatic disease (p < 0.001), less likely to receive radioactive iodine (p < 0.001), and more likely to receive external beam radiation therapy (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox proportional hazards models for 5 and 10-year disease-free survival, age ≥ 60 was associated with higher risk of disease at 5 and 10-years (HR 2.3 and 1.9 respectively, p < 0.001). Similar results were observed for 5 and 10-year disease-specific survival (HR 38.0 and 30.0 respectively, p < 0.001) after controlling for gender, race, co-morbidity, stage, surgical procedure, radioactive iodine, insurance, and hospital volume. Patients ≥ 60 years of age have worse DSS and DFS after a diagnosis of PTC, across all stages of disease. Given that patients over the age of 45 years have progressively worse survival as they age, these data support having three age groups, 18–44 years of age, 45–59 years, and ≥ 60 as an independent predictor of survival and recurrence to current staging guidelines.
Inverse Stress Analysis of Pinned Connections Using Strain Gages and Airy Stress Function

The coefficients of a stress function are evaluated using stresses from measured strains to supplement known boundary conditions and thereby determine the stresses throughout a pinned aluminum plate. This includes obtaining the contact stresses on the pin/plate interface. The analysis accounts for both pin/hole clearance and friction.
Interstitial Collagenase in the Healing Epidermis

An invariable feature of wounded skin, whether the lesion is healing normally or chronic, is the expression of interstitial collagenase by migrating basal keratinocytes. Collagenase is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes and is the principal human enzyme which cleaves native fibrillar collagen. This proteinase may serve to accelerate the movement of keratinocytes during repair; however, its overexpression at the migrating front of the epidermis may actually impair healing in chronic ulcers. This potential inhibitory effect of human collagenase in nonhealing lesions is both spatially removed and mechanistically distinct from debridement of necrotic tissues overlying the wound bed by the topical application of bacterial collagenase and other broad-acting proteinases.
MBPT Evaluation of Energy Derivatives Using Fock-Operator Methods

A general theory of differentiation of the energy with respect to many variables is introduced. One of these variables may be the electron correlation parameter introduced in Moller-Plesset theory. Cross derivatives then lead to expressions for the effect of correlation on various physical properties of molecules.
Gallstone-Formation-Inspired Bimetallic Supra-nanostructures for Computed-Tomography-Image-Guided Radiation Therapy.

Inspired by the gallstone formation mechanism, we report a fast one-pot synthesis of high-surface-area bimetallic hierarchical supra-nanostructures. As gallstones are generated from metal cholate complexes, cholate bile acid molecules with Au/Ag metal precursors formed stable nanocomplexes aggregated with metal Au ions and preformed ∼2 nm silver halide nanoparticles before reduction. When a reducing agent was added, the metal cholate nanocomplexes quickly formed noble bimetallic hierarchical supra-nanostructures. The morphology of bimetallic supra-nanostructures could be tailored by changing the feeding ratio of each metal precursor. In situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering measurement with a custom-designed reaction cell showed two-step growth and attachment behavior toward hierarchical supra-nanostructures from the gallstone-formation-inspired metal cholate nanocomplexes in a 60 s reaction. Additional wide-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray absorption near-edge structure, in situ Fourier transform in...
Suspicious Minds, the 2016 Election and Its Aftermath

The main point of this chapter is not to explain who voted for Trump but to explore the role that distrust and suspicion of elites played in the campaign, and how the Trump campaign (including what we can characterize as the post-election campaign of his early presidency) brought to the surface racist and gender biases, as well as anti-elitist populism with antecedents that pre-date 2016. The first part of this chapter reviews the various interpretations of “Why Trump Won” and “Who Voted for Trump”. The second part utilizes survey data to compare the views of Trump voters to those of Clinton and Sanders voters on fairness, representation, trust, views of elites, and other themes related to popular suspicions and conspiracism.
A New Analytical Tool for the Study of Radiation Effects in 3-D Integrated Circuits: Near-Zero Field Magnetoresistance Spectroscopy

We demonstrate that a new technique, near-zero field magnetoresistance (NZFMR) spectroscopy, can explore radiation damage in a wide variety of devices in a proof-of-concept study. The technique has great potential for the study of atomic-scale mechanisms of radiation damage in 3-D integrated circuits. In our study, we explore radiation damage in structures relevant to 3-D integrated circuits, but not on 3-D test structures themselves. Five structures of great technological importance to 3-D integrated circuits are investigated. We utilize both NZFMR and electrically detected magnetic resonance to investigate radiation effects in these structures. The structures involved in this paper are planar silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors, silicon–germanium alloy-based transistors, fin-based transistors, silicon dioxide-based flowable oxides, and low-k dielectrics. Our study indicates that NZFMR has great potential in radiation damage studies, with exceptional promise in systems in which more conventional resonance is not possible.
Elite Schools as Sites for Elite Class Reproduction and Identity Formation

Elites are a socially distinct group, defined by a set of practices and lifestyles that distinguish them from other social groups. The democratisation of education and status in contemporary societies, however, has meant that elites (as well as those seeking membership of elite groups) have become increasingly reliant on elite schools for their reproduction and preservation. Studies have shown that one of the primary functions of elite schools is to protect the exclusivity of elites, by inculcating their pupils with so-called ‘attributes of excellence’. As educational institutions for the established elites as well as for those seeking entry into the elite classes, elite schools are not only ‘status seminaries’ whereby the correct ways of speaking, (re)acting, walking, eating, etc., which help to distinguish elites from non-elites, are learnt, they also act as social cocoons, which prevent undesirable social mixing.
Training Demands and Physiological Profile of Cross-Disciplined Collegiate Female Dancers.

Little is known about the physical demands of high-level dance training. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological demands of a typical ballet and modern class through training load (TL) and to assess differences in TL between the 2 class types. In addition, a physiological profile of cross-disciplined collegiate female dancers was determined. Seventeen college-aged female dancers were recruited and performed a battery of performance tests assessing body fat (%BF), lean body mass, vertical jump (VJ), peak power, maximal oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max), and ventilatory threshold (VT). Two ballet and modern dance classes were monitored for TL and exercise energy expenditure (EEE) using the Polar Team2 Pro System. Performance testing results were as follows: M%BF = 24.1 +/- 4.2%, MLBM = 46.8 +/- 8.5 kg, MV[Combining Dot Above]O2max = 42.9 +/- 4.3 ml[middle dot]kg-1[middle dot]min-1, MVT = 76.2 +/- 6.5% of V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, MVJ = 44.1 +/- 1.4 cm, and MPP = 519.1 +/- 177.5 W. Training load of 41.0 +/- 17.0 for ballet and 44.8 +/- 27.4 for modern dance was found, with an EEE of 394.0 +/- 111.9 and 421.9 +/- 161.4 kcal, respectively. Time spent at or above VT was 1.2 +/- 2.6 minutes in ballet and 3.4 +/- 8.3 minutes in modern. Compared with other female power-endurance athletes, the dancers accumulated a much lower TL during both class types. Low TL may inhibit typical adaptations seen in other athletes, which may explain why dancers in this study had lower aerobic and anaerobic capacities and higher body fat percentage than other collegiate female athletes. Also, it suggests that supplemental conditioning could be incorporated into a dancers training paradigm to optimize performance.
Counselor preparation for working with at-risk youth

In this article, we provide an overview and evaluation of a federally funded training program designed to increase access to mental health services for at-risk children, adolescents, and transitional-age youth by expanding the number of behavioral health providers trained to provide evidence-based services. We present evaluation data and implications for counselor education and supervision.
Noninvasive Detection of Colorectal Carcinomas Using Serum Protein Biomarkers.

Abstract Background A major roadblock to reducing the mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) is prompt detection and treatment, and a simple blood test is likely to have higher compliance than all of the current methods. The purpose of this report is to examine the utility of a mass spectrometry–based blood serum protein biomarker test for detection of CRC. Materials and methods Blood was drawn from individuals (n = 213) before colonoscopy or from patients with nonmetastatic CRC (n = 50) before surgery. Proteins were isolated from the serum of patients using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We designed a machine-learning statistical model to assess these proteins. Results When considered individually, over 70% of the selected biomarkers showed significance by Mann–Whitney testing for distinguishing cancer-bearing cases from cancer-free cases. Using machine-learning methods, peptides derived from epidermal growth factor receptor and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 were consistently identified as highly predictive for detecting CRC from cancer-free cases. A five-marker panel consisting of leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy-chain family member 4, hemopexin, and superoxide dismutase 3 performed the best with 70% specificity at over 89% sensitivity (area under the curve = 0.86) in the validation set. For distinguishing regional from localized cancers, cross-validation within the training set showed that a panel of four proteins consisting of CD44 molecule, GC-vitamin D–binding protein, C-reactive protein, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy-chain family member 3 yielded the highest performance (area under the curve = 0.75). Conclusions The minimally invasive blood biomarker panels identified here could serve as screening/detection alternatives for CRC in a human population and potentially useful for staging of existing cancer.
Goal Ambiguity, Management, and Performance in U.S. Nursing Homes:

Public administration research has produced a large literature on the determinants, consequences, and complexities of goal clarity and ambiguity. This article contributes to this line of work by ex...
A positively charged calcite surface model for molecular dynamics studies of wettability alteration.

Abstract A new model for a positively charged calcite surface was developed to allow realistic molecular dynamics studies of wettability alteration on carbonate rocks. The surface charge was introduced in a manner consistent with the underlying calcite geochemistry and with the conclusions of recent quantum mechanical studies. The simulations using the new surface model demonstrate that the experimentally observed wettability behavior of calcite is represented correctly. In particular, the model surface became oil-wet due to the adsorption of the carboxylate species. Furthermore, the oil-wet conditions were reversed more effectively by a cationic surfactant than by an anionic one, in agreement with the majority of experimental observations. Finally, with simulated smart water, the well-documented wettability alteration abilities of Ca2+ and SO42− could be explained by the formation of ion-pairs and competitive adsorption onto the surface, respectively. The simulation results with the new surface model conceptually agree with the electric double layer expansion being the predominant mechanism for the low salinity effect in oil recovery enhancement. The proposed calcite surface model will benefit future simulation studies on the wettability characteristics of carbonate rocks, and facilitate the design and optimizations of chemical agents and formulations to enhance the oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs.
Hepatic Hemangioendothelioma: An update

Primary epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas of the liver (EHL) are rare tumors with a low incidence. The molecular background of EHL is still under investigation, with WWTR1-CAMPTA1 mutation may function as a tumor marker. Commonly, this tumor is misdiagnosed with angiosarcoma, cholangiocarcinomas, metastatic carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma (sclerosing variant). Characteristic features on imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography guide in diagnosis and staging. The "halo sign" and the "lollipop sign" on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are described in the literature. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for treating EHL with treatment options are broad including: chemotherapy, ablation, surgery and liver transplantation with inconsistent results.
Improv-ing Clinical Work with Stepfamilies

Stepfamilies are the most common family structure in the United States. Many graduate and professional training programs provide little attention to the unique stressors that stepfamilies face, as ...
Creating Effective Blended Language Learning Courses: A Research-Based Guide from Planning to Evaluation

Blended language courses, which combine face-to-face and online instruction, are becoming increasingly popular due to the need for more flexible yet effective learning opportunities. This book recognizes the associated opportunities and challenges for teachers, and provides the rationale, strategies and tools to design blended learning courses or to guide the transition from fully face-to-face or fully online courses to blended instruction. The authors propose a framework based on four phases, Design, Build, Teach and Evaluate, which facilitates a systematic approach to course development. The volume simplifies the connection between theory and practice, by including examples that readers can relate to and immediately implement as they build or teach a course. Including case studies of successful implementations, and effective instructional strategies and techniques, this book is accessible even for teachers without previous experience in course design, whilst also acting as a reference for more experienced language educators.
Building Collaborative Evidence-Based Frameworks for Criminal Justice Policy:

Researcher–policymaker/practitioner partnerships (RPPs) have emerged as a successful tool for translating research into policy and practice. However, the available research has focused on RPPs with...
Putting God on the Map: Theology and Conceptual Mapping

This is a review of Kidd, Erin and Jakob Karl Rinderknecht, eds. Putting God on the Map: Theology and Conceptual Mapping. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2018. 268 pp. $105.00. Hardback. ISBN: 9781978703964.
High-Throughput Phenotyping in Soybean

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeders and geneticists routinely evaluate thousands of plots per year in order to characterize various accessions and breeding populations for a multitude of traits, for example, morphological, physiological, abiotic and biotic stress, plant organs, and seed composition. Most of these trait evaluations require experienced raters to spend countless hours, recording phenotypes for each genotype in different filial generations. Plant breeders strive to work with increased population sizes, and improved accuracy of selection to increase the response to selection. These requirements have motivated the development of high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) methods and associated tools (i.e., hardware) and software solutions. This chapter consists of several topics related to HTP, including sensors, unmanned aerial systems, and ground robots, as these are important components of plant phenotyping in the new technological era. The advances in image-based analysis and machine learning methods have accompanied the improvements in phenotyping capabilities, both aerial and ground. This chapter includes the current state of the art in types of sensors, aerial, and ground-based HTP, in conjunction with machine learning-based analytics, particularly for physiological and morphological traits, abiotic and biotic stresses, and root-related traits. Advances in the integration of HTP with crop modeling are provided. Finally, the complementary relationship between HTP and genomic studies is explained with pertinent examples.
Role of Device Retrieval and Analysis in the Evaluation of Substitute Heart Valves

Surgical replacement of diseased valves with functional substitutes is the dominant therapeutic modality in patients with symptomatic valvular heart disease and generally improves survival and enhances quality of life.1,2 Nevertheless, problems associated with the valve replacement devices remain a major impediment to the long-term success of this procedure. Despite considerable improvement in the technology of heart valve prostheses since their first successful use approximately 45 years ago, both mechanical and tissue heart valve substitutes (illustrated in Fig. 1) remain imperfect, and prosthesis-associated complications have considerable impact on the long-term outlook for those who have had valve replacement surgery.
Some Supraconvergent Schemes for Hyperbolic Equations on Irregular Grids

An analysis of the truncation error for finite difference schemes frequently shows an apparent loss of accuracy when a nonuniform grid is used. Some schemes exhibit the phenomenon of supraconvergence, that is, there is no loss of accuracy in the global error. We show that this is the case for smooth solutions of the color equation for an upstream conservative scheme, for two versions of the Lax-Wendroff scheme, and for a variant of the von Neumann-Richtmyer scheme for gas dynamics, if the latter three are stable.
Nonredundant antioxidant defense by multiple two-cysteine peroxiredoxins in human prostate cancer cells.

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are antioxidant enzymes expressed by most free-living organisms, often in multiple isoforms. Because mammalian Prxs have not been experimentally deleted or inhibited, it is not known how much they contribute to antioxidant defense, nor whether the multiple isoforms afford redundant or additive protection. Expression of the four members of the 2-Cys family of human Prxs was tested in human tumor cell lines. Monospecific antibodies were developed and used to monitor the extent and specificity of inhibition of expression of each isoform in prostate cancer cells stably transfected with antisense constructs. Seventeen tumor lines transcribed genes for all four human Prxs. Prostate cancer cells coexpressed each isoform at the protein level. Stable transfection with antisense allowed partial, selective suppression of Prx 1, 2, 3, or 4. Prostate cancer cells were rendered more sensitive to hydrogen peroxide or an organic hydroperoxide when Prx 1, 2, or 3 but not 4 was partially suppressed, bringing them into the range of sensitivity of mouse cells. The effect of partially suppressing a single Prx was comparable to that of depleting glutathione. In contrast, sensitization to adriamycin, an antitumor agent with a redox-active quinone, followed the partial suppression of Prxs 1, 2, or 4 but not 3. Individual suppression of Prxs 1–4 had no effect on sensitivity of the cells to reactive nitrogen intermediates, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), paclitaxel (Taxol), or etoposide. The 2-Cys Prxs act in a mutually nonredundant and sometimes stress-specific fashion to protect human cells from oxidant injury. The substantial resistance of human cells to hydroperoxides may result in part from the additive action of multiple Prxs.
Genuinely Service-Oriented Enterprises: Using Work System Theory to See Beyond the Promise of Efficient Software

The concept of service-oriented enterprise has great potential. Taken literally, however, it raises many issues, including practical difficulties of creating a service-oriented enterprise in the computer science sense and the huge leap from flexible IT infrastructure to an enterprise that is genuinely oriented toward providing services for customers and employees. This paper is a conceptual contribution showing how work system theory can help in seeing analysis and design issues beyond technical architectures that have dominated research to date. After summarizing background concepts related to service, service systems, and the vision of service-oriented enterprises, this paper explains how work system theory can help in recognizing many obstacles on the path toward that ideal. Recognition of those obstacles supports analysis and design by illuminating the amount of change required to move to a genuinely service-oriented enterprise and by helping analysts and designers decide where service-orientation in its various guises is really appropriate.
Studies of the electron transport chain of extremely halophilic bacteria. I - Spectrophotometric identification of the cytochromes of halobacterium cutirubrum.

Abstract Room temperature and liquid nitrogen difference spectra of H. cutirubrum extracts show evidence of two b-type, two c-type, and one a-type cytochrome. A scheme for electron transport involving these components is suggested whereby at pH 7.2 the electron flow proceeds through cytochrome b(559), eytochrome c(555), and cytochrome a(592). At pH 9.4, however, it appears that an alternate pathway through cytochrome b(563) and cytochrome c(550) is opened. DPNH and α-glycerophosphate reduce both b-type cytochromes while succinate reduces only cytochrome b(559). After overnight incubation cytochrome b(563) is inactivated and can no longer be reduced enzymically.
Apreciación cambiaria, política monetaria y afluencia de capitales: Perú 1990-1994

El presente articulo tiene por objetivo evaluar la relevancia empirica de dos hipotesis alternativas acerca del problema de la apreciacion cambiaria enel Peru, durante el periodo 1990.10-1995.01.
Anemia in heart failure: marker or mediator of adverse prognosis?

A dropsy first shows itself, by the swelling of the legs about the ankles, in such a manner as to retain the impression of your finger. The swelling appear most at night, and is usually attended with a shortness and difficulty of breath, ever most troublesome when the patient lies down . He must
Physical activity before pregnancy and following childbirth in a multiethnic sample of healthy women in Hawaii.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Investigation of physical activity and related psychosocial factors reported by new mothers. Methods: Women (N = 79) were surveyed to determine their physical activity patterns before and after childbirth. Barriers and facilitators of physical activity were also identified. Findings: Most women (63%) were ethnic minorities, mean age was 31.8 ± 5.5 years, and their infants' mean age was 8.2 ± 3.8 months. Combining women's reported physical activities before their pregnancy and after childbirth resulted in four significantly different groups: (1) 21.5% were inactive before and after childbirth; (2) 22.7% were active before and after; (3) 12.6% were inactive before, but active after childbirth; and (4) 43.0% were active before but inactive or irregularly active postpartum (p < .0003). Barriers to physical activity included personal issues, including lack of support from a spouse, and parenting duties. Facilitators to being active included social support for exercise and availability of chil...
Puu Hou littoral cones, Hawaii

The Puu Hou littoral cones, on the south shoreline of Hawaii, were built in 5 days by steam explosions from two narrow lava streams of the 1868 Mauna Loa lava flows as they entered the sea. Explosions occurred in localized areas of both streams, from foci that migrated seaward as the flow built jetties into the sea. Debris, radially ejected from the migrating explosion centers, fell partly on land and partly at sea, and thus formed crescent shaped rims (half-cones) on land which overlap one another. The half-cones are breached through their centers by debris-free basalt corridors, because fragments that fell onto the flowing lava were carried seaward beyond the accumulating rims.