cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subclavian vein obstruction with collateral flow through the umbilical and hepatic veins

Upper venous return to the heart can be obstructed by any number of pathologies and often leads to formation of collateral pathways around the obstruction. This case report describes a thrombotic obstruction of the left subclavian and brachiocephalic veins and a collateral pathway involving recanalization of the umbilical vein. Even more rare and unique is the anastomosis of the recanalized umbilical vein to the middle and left hepatic vein rather than the portal vein. The anatomy of the expected collateral pathways and the anastomotic vascular anomaly is described in detail, including a discussion of the embryological development of the system.
A fluorometric assay for DNA cleavage reactions characterized with BamHI restriction endonuclease

Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides and DNA fragments have promise in nucleic acid research with applications that include DNA hybridization, automated DNA sequencing, fluorescence anisotropy, and resonance energy transfer studies. Past concerns with fluorescent-labeled DNA arose from interactions between fluorophores and DNA that result in quenched fluorescence. This quenching phenomenon is most problematic in fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies because quenching of the donor fluorescence could result from either resonance energy transfer or nontransfer effects. In the present study, relief of nontransfer quenching of a 14-mer fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled oligonucleotide containing the BamHI restriction site was characterized with both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. The FITC-labeled single strand was best fit by a triexponential decay with lifetimes of 0.5, 2.7, and 4.2 ns. The 4.2-ns component was found to contribute more than 80% of the total steady-state intensity. Upon annealing with an unmodified complementary strand, the contribution from the 4.2-ns component was significantly decreased, resulting in twofold quenching of total fluorescence. We reasoned that this quenching phenomenon should be a reversible process and could be employed to study strand separation processes in molecular biology. Hence, cleavage of the fluorescently labeled substrate was examined using DNAase I and BamHI restriction endonuclease. Our results show that the quenched fluorescence is totally recovered upon cleavage (compared to that of the single strand). The extent of cleavage measured by fluorescence was confirmed by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. We believe this fluorescence "dequenching" technique may be used to quantify the kinetics of other DNA strand separation and cleavage processes in molecular biology.
Effect of Molecular Structure on Mesomorphism.11.1 A Siamese Twin Liquid Crystal Having Two Independently Smectogenic Conformations

Abstract Two different molecular conformations of a particular Siamese Twin liquid crystal can, independent of each other, give rise to a smectic C phase. X-ray diffraction results are presented from which it is concluded that there are two possible conformations of this molecule in the solid state and that different smectic C layer types can be formed by melting these different solid state conformations.
Who Can Read Abraham's Story? Allegory and Interpretive Power in Galatians

This article develops some arguments found in Richard Hays's Echoes of Scripture in the Letters of Paul in regard to Galatians 3-4. First, it argues that Paul's strategy in interpreting the Abraham story for the Galatians is allegorical throughout and not simply in 4.21-31. Further, this allegorical reading is based on and judged by Paul's account of the Galatians' experience of the Spirit. Secondly, Paul's allegorical reading is an exercise of interpretive power. This exercise of power is in large measure underwritten by the account of his character which Paul gives in the first two chapters of Galatians.
Preparation of [2a,8a,10a,14a-3H]geldanamycin by biosynthesis

[3-3H]Propionic acid (1) was prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of 3-bromo-propionic acid with tritium gas. Fermentations of S. hygroscopicus were treated with 1 to produce [2a,8a,10a,14a-3H]geldanamycin (2) with a specific activity of 76.2 mCi/mmol. The effect of the amount of 1 used and the dosing pattern on the specific activity of 2 was investigated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alzheimer's disease therapy: focus on synapses

Gunnar K Gouras Laboratory of Alzheimer’s Disease Neurobiology, Weill Medical College & Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, Department of Neurology & Neuroscience & Graduate Program in Neuroscience, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA Tel.: +1 212 746 6598; Fax: +1 212 746 8741; gkgouras@med.cornell.edu ‘...alterations in synapses ... are the best pathological correlate of cognitive decline in the disease.’
On combining correlated estimators of the common mean of a multivariate normal distribution

The inferential procedures based on an optimal combination of correlated estimators of the common mean of a multivariate normal distribution are considered. Exact properties of the conditional and unconditional confidence intervals due to Halperin [Halperin, 1961, Almost linearly-optimum combination of unbiased estimates. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 56, 36–43] are numerically evaluated. Our numerical studies show that the conditional confidence interval is slightly shorter than the unconditional confidence interval. A condition under which the conditional approach is advantageous over the best of the t procedures based on individual components is discussed. The methods are illustrated using an example.
Rhythmic alternation and lexical stress differences in English.

Abstract An account is given for the evolution of strong-weak (trochaic) stress on disyllabic English nouns and weak-strong (iambic) stress on disyllabic English verbs. This explanation draws on two claims: (1) Language users adjust the stress patterns on words so that alternations between strong and weak beats are created (the principle of rhythmic alternation) and (2) Nouns and verbs tend to appear in different rhythmic contexts, such that verbs are more likely than nouns to be biased toward iambic stress. Analyses of spoken and written samples of English revealed that disyllabic verbs were more likely than disyllabic nouns to receive an inflection that adds a syllable onto the word. Because such syllables are weakly stressed, rhythmic alternation would be created if the disyllabic word received stress on the second syllable (e.g., “suggesting”) rather than the first (“promising”). Two experiments showed that stress assignments on pseudowords such as “cortand” are in fact varied depending on the syllabic nature of inflections added to the words. In addition, the text analyses and experiments can account for specific subpatterns within the noun-verb stress asymmetry as well as the general asymmetry itself. Implications of these findings for theories of word stress are discussed, as well as the more general point that patterns of language change can be understood in terms of language processing at the level of the individual speaker or listener.
Body size and proportions in early hominids.

The discovery of several associated body parts of early hominids whose taxonomic identity is known inspires this study of body size and proportions in early hominids. The approach consists of finding the relationship between various measures of skeletal size and body mass in modern ape and human specimens of known body weight. This effort leads to 78 equations which predict body weight from 95 fossil specimens ranging in geological age between 4 and 1.4 mya. Predicted weights range from 10 kg to over 160 kg, but the partial associated skeletons provide the essential clues as to which predictions are most reliable. Measures of hindlimb joint size are the best and probably those equations based on the human samples are better than those based on all Hominoidea. Using hindlimb joint size of specimens of relatively certain taxonomy and assuming these measures were more like those of modern humans than of apes, the male and female averages are as follows: Australopithecus afarensis, 45 and 29 kg; A. africanus, 41 and 30 kg; A. robustus, 40 and 32 kg; A. boisei, 49 and 34 kg; H. habilis, 52 and 32 kg. These values appear to be consistent with the range of size variation seen in the entire postcranial samples that can be assigned to species. If hominoid (i.e., ape and human combined) proportions are assumed, the males would be 10 to 23 kg larger and the females 4 to 10 kg larger.
Determination of Polymer Molecular Weight and Molecular Weight Distribution by Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography

Abstract Reverse phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) and scanning densitometry was used to determine various molecular weight averages and the molecular weight distribution of broad molecular weight range samples of poly(styrene) and poly(methyl metharcylate). A basic program was developed which analyzes the analog signals from the scanner, calculates the desired parameters, prints the parameters, graphs the results and simultaneously displays the results on a CRT. The average molecular weight values obtained by this technique compare well to those obtained by other methods.
Dental metal allergy in patients with oral, cutaneous, and genital lichenoid reactions

Background: The subject of lichen planus (LP) and dental metal allergy long has been debated. An overwhelming majority of the existing literature focuses on mercury and gold salts in relation to oral lichen planus. Objective: Our objective was to expand current knowledge regarding LP and lichenoid lesions (LL) and dental metal allergy by investigating more metals and investigating cutaneous and genital disease in addition to oral disease. Methods: Fifty-one patients with known LP or LL were patch tested to a series of dental metals. Patients chose to replace their dental metals or make no revision. A telephone survey was conducted after 1 year to determine disease state. Results: Thirty-eight of 51 patients (74.5%) had at least 1 positive reaction. Twenty-five of 51 patients (49.0%) showed sensitivity to at least 1 mercurial allergen. Prevalence data for patients patch tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) from 1996 to 1998 was available for chromate, cobalt, gold, nickel, and thimerosal. The prevalence of positive reactions was higher in our group than in the NACDG group for all 5 of these allergens, and statistical significance was achieved for chromate (P = .028), gold (P = .041), and thimerosal (P = .005). Of patients who had a positive patch test reaction to 1 or more metals, 100% (9 of 9) reported improvement after metal replacement, whereas 62.5% (15 of 24) reported improvement without metal replacement. Conclusion: Sensitization to dental metals is more common among LP and LL patients than in routinely tested patients, and might be an etiologic or triggering factor in the disease.
The Near-Death Experience and the Taoism of Chuang Tzu

This paper compares excerpts from Chuang Tzu's writings and the descriptions of near-death experiencers (NDErs). Similarities between the beliefs of NDErs and those of Taoist patriarch Chuang Tzu suggest that NDErs have experienced a kind of awakening that leads them to reject conventional attitudes toward life and death.
Transport of energy by disturbances in arbitrary steady flows

An exact equation governing the transport of energy associated with disturbances in an arbitrary steady flow is derived. The result is a generalization of the familiar concept of acoustic energy and is suggested by a perturbation expansion of the general energy equation of fluid mechanics. A disturbance energy density and flux are defined and identified as exact fluid dynamic quantities whose leading-order regular perturbation representations reduce in various special cases to previously known results. The exact equation on disturbance energy is applied to a simple example of nonlinear wave propagation as an illustration of its general utility in situations where a linear description of the disturbance is inadequate.
What the is a Symbol

The notion of a `symbol' plays an important role in the disciplines of Philosophy, Psychology, Computer Science, and Cognitive Science. However, there is comparatively little agreement on how this notion is to be understood, either between disciplines, or even within particular disciplines. This paper does not attempt to defend some putatively `correct' version of the concept of a `symbol.' Rather, some terminological conventions are suggested, some constraints are proposed and a taxonomy of the kinds of issue that give rise to disagreement is articulated. The goal here is to provide something like a `geography' of the various notions of `symbol' that have appeared in the various literatures, so as to highlight the key issues and to permit the focusing of attention upon the important dimensions. In particular, the relationship between `tokens' and `symbols' is addressed. The issue of designation is discussed in some detail. The distinction between simple and complex symbols is clarified and an apparently necessary condition for a system to be potentially symbol, or token bearing, is introduced.
Simulation optimization using tabu search: an emperical study

This paper proposes alternative strategies to perform simulation within a simulation optimization algorithm based on tabu search. These strategies are tested empirically on a stochastic knapsack problem. Results have shown that the way simulation is implemented and the number of simulation replications have a prAB@ofound effect on the performance of tabu search.
Did Changes in Drug Reimbursement After the Medicare Modernization Act Affect Chemotherapy Prescribing

Purpose The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 (MMA) decreased fee-for-service (FFS) payments for outpatient chemotherapy. We assessed how this policy affected chemotherapy in FFS settings versus in integrated health networks (IHNs). Patients and Methods We examined 5,831 chemotherapy regimens for 3,613 patients from 2003 to 2006 with colorectal cancer (CRC) or lung cancers in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research Surveillance Consortium. Patients were from four geographically defined regions, seven large health maintenance organizations, and 15 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. The outcome of interest was receipt of chemotherapy that included at least one drug for which reimbursement declined after the MMA. Results The odds of receiving an MMA-affected drug were lower in the post-MMA era: the odds ratio (OR) was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89). Important differences across cancers were detected: for CRC, the OR was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.92); for non–small-cell lung cancer (N...
PREBÖTZINGER COMPLEX AND PACEMAKER NEURONS: Hypothesized Site and Kernel for Respiratory Rhythm Generation

▪ Abstract Identification of the sites and mechanisms underlying the generation of respiratory rhythm is of longstanding interest to physiologists and neurobiologists. Recently, with the developmen...
A new structural paradigm in copper resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Structural analyses reveal that CopA and CupA share a binuclear Cu(I) ion binding motif and that copper is trafficked from a low-affinity site on CupA to a high-affinity site in CopA, making CupA the first membrane-bound copper chaperone important in copper resistance.
Estimation of the Optimal Maximum Beam Angle and Angular Increment for Normal and Shear Strain Estimation

In the current practice of ultrasound elastography, only the axial component of the displacement vector is estimated and used to produce strain images. A method was recently proposed by our group to estimate both the axial and lateral components of a displacement vector using RF echo signal data acquired along multiple angular insonification directions of the ultrasound beam. Previous work has demonstrated that it is important to choose appropriate values for the maximum beam angle and angular increment to achieve optimal performance with this technique. In this paper, we present error propagation analysis using the least-square fitting process for the optimization of the angular increment and the maximum beam steered angle. Ultrasound simulations are performed to corroborate the theoretical prediction of the optimal values for the maximum beam angle and angular increment. Selection of the optimal parameters depends on system parameters, such as center frequency and aperture size. For typical system parameters, the optimal maximum beam angle is around 10deg for axial strain estimation and around 15deg for lateral strain estimation. The optimal angular increment is around 4deg -6deg, which indicates that only five to seven beam angles are required for this strain-tensor estimation technique.
Closed strings from nothing

We study the physics of open strings in bosonic and type-II string theories in the presence of unstable D-branes. When the potential energy of the open string tachyon is at its minimum, Sen has argued that only closed strings remain in the perturbative spectrum. We explore the scenario of Yi and of Bergman, Hori, and Yi, who argue that the open string degrees of freedom are strongly coupled and disappear through confinement. We discuss arguments using open string field theory and world sheet boundary renormalization group flows, which seem to indicate otherwise. We then describe a solitonic excitation of the open string tachyon and gauge field with the charge and tension of a fundamental closed string. This requires a double scaling limit where the tachyon is taken to its minimal value and the electric field is taken to its maximum value. The resulting flux tube has an unconstrained spatial profile; and for large fundamental string charge it appears to have light, weakly coupled open strings existing in the core. We argue that the flux tube acquires a size of order {alpha}' through sigma model and string coupling effects, and that confinement effects make the light degrees of freedom heavy andmore » strongly interacting.« less
Sex and the Statehouse: The Law and the American Same-Sex Marriage Debate

: Same-sex marriage remains a point of contention in American politics. The recent history of this conflict suggests that the Court's attempt to frame issues of sexual politics through paradigms of the right to choose and the tolerance principle, and constitutional ‘liberty’ and ‘equality’ cases raises difficult questions of justice. This article proposes that a Lutheran response, grounded in an understanding of the orders of creation, might interrogate these assumptions, particularly about the appropriate reach of government in sexual and family matters.
GPS in Pioneering Dynamic Monitoring of Long-Period Structures

Global Positioning System (GPS) technology with 10‐20-Hz sampling rates allows scientifically justified dynamic measurements of relative displacements of long-period structures. The displacement response of a simulated tall building in real time and permanent deployment of GPS units at the roof of a building are described. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first permanent deployment of GPS units (in the world) for continuous dynamic monitoring of a tall building. Data recorded from the building during a windy day is analyzed to determine the structural characteristics. When recorded during extreme motions caused by earthquakes and strong winds, such measurements can be used to compute average drift ratios and changes in dynamic characteristics, and therefore can be used by engineers and building owners or managers to assess the structural integrity and performance by establishing pre-established thresholds. Such information can be used to secure public safety and/or take steps to improve the performance of the building. [DOI: 10.1193/1.1461375]
Exploring Familial Processes in Urban, Low-income African American Families:

A family process model was created to explore the direct and indirect links between financial resources, maternal optimism, maternal depression, routine, and various indices of adolescent adjustment among urban African American families. These processes have been explored among rural African American and European American families but not urban African American families. The sample consists of interview data from 164 low-income African American mothers and their adolescent children. The results are congruent with the hypothesized model of family processes. Financial resources are significantly associated with maternal optimism and depression but not routine. Also, maternal optimism is significantly associated with routine although depression is not. Routine is significantly associated with academic self-concept and school engagement but not depression and problem behavior. Maternal optimism and depression do not mediate the relation between financial resources and routine.
Apomorpine inhibits the prolactin but not the TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone

Pretreatment of normal subjects with apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, resulted in significant impairment of the subsequent prolactin (PRL) response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). The mean maximal increment of PRL was 27.9 ±2.4 ng/ml after TRH alone, and 11.9 ± 3.0 ng/ml (P 0.5). These results demonstrate that dopaminergic effects are capable of inhibiting PRL responses to TRH, probably via a direct effect on the lactotrope cell. They also suggest that dopaminergic influences are not important in the regulation of TSH secretion.
Dual Use Switchgrass: Managing Switchgrass for Biomass Production and Summer Forage

vii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 SWITCHGRASS 2 PLANT CELL WALLS 4 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL 6 ROTATIONAL STOCKING 8 HARVESTING SWITCHGRASS 9 DUAL USE SWITCHGRASS: MANAGING SWITCHGRASS FOR BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND SUMMER GRAZING 14 ABSTRACT 14 INTRODUCTION 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 14 INTRODUCTION 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 Harvest Management Study 18 Enzymatic Hydrolysis Study 20 Statistical Analysis 21
Sulforaphane reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory markers in hippocampus and liver but does not improve sickness behavior

Objectives: Acute peripheral infection is associated with central and peripheral inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and adaptive sickness behaviors. Sulforaphane (SFN) activates the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates antioxidant genes and lowers inflammation. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of SFN on proinflammatory markers and Nrf2 target genes in hippocampus and liver of mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to evaluate sickness response following the LPS immune challenge.Methods: Adult Balb/c mice received SFN (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days before being injected i.p. with LPS (1 µg) to mimic an acute peripheral infection. Sickness behaviors were measured at baseline and 6 hours after LPS. Expression of proinflammatory mediators and antioxidant genes were analyzed in hippocampus and liver 6 hours after LPS.Results: SFN elevated Nrf2 target genes and reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators in hippocampus and ...
Sarcomatoid Renal Carcinoma

Abstract Sarcomatoid renal carcinoma made up 1 per cent of renal parenchymal tumors resected from 1967 to 1980. The majority of patients with this aggressive type of renal carcinoma were symptomatic and had a palpable renal mass at the time of diagnosis. Only 2 of 13 patients had tumor confined within the renal capsule at the time of operation. One of these patients survived and 12 of 13 died rapidly of metastatic renal carcinoma, with a median survival of 6.3 months from the time of diagnosis. This distinctive histologic variant of renal carcinoma has a highly malignant biological behavior and, as effective adjuvant treatment for renal carcinoma becomes available, should be one of the tumor types treated vigorously.
Undersampled linogram trajectory for fast imaging (ULTI): experiments at 3 T and 7 T.

In this study, the performance of linogram acquisition was investigated for the reconstruction of images from undersampled data using parallel imaging methods. The point spread function (PSF) of linogram sampling was analyzed for image sharpness and artifacts. Generalized auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisition was implemented for this new sampling scheme, and images were reconstructed with high acceleration rates. The results were compared with conventional radial sampling methods using simulations and phantom experiments at 3 T. Additionally, a human volunteer was scanned at 7 T. The results demonstrated that the PSF was sharper and the mean artifact power was lower for linogram sampling compared with radial sampling. Results of simulations and phantom experiments were in accord with the findings of the PSF analysis. In simulations, errors in the reconstructed images were lower for linogram sampling. In phantom experiments, fine details and sharp edges were preserved for linogram sampling, while details were blurred for radial sampling. The in vivo human study demonstrated that linogram sampling could provide high quality images of anatomy, even at high acceleration rates. Linogram sampling not only possesses the advantages of radial sampling, such as reduced sensitivity to motion and higher acceleration rates, but it also provides sharper images with fewer artifacts. Moreover, it is less prone to off-resonance artifacts compared with radial sampling. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Synthesis of an Alkynyl Luciferin Analogue for Bioluminescence Imaging

Herein, the synthesis and characterization of an alkyne-modified luciferin is reported. This bioluminescent probe was accessed using C-H activation methodology and was found to be stable in solution and capable of light production with firefly luciferase. The luciferin analogue was also cell permeant and emitted more redshifted light than d-luciferin, the native luciferase substrate. Based on these features, the alkynyl luciferin will be useful for a variety of imaging applications.
DISSOCIATIVE PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS OF N2AND O2FROM 100 TO 800 eV

We report measured partial cross sections for the fragments from dissociative photoionization of N2and O2over the photon energy range of 100 to 800 eV. The partial cross sections were found to follow a power law of the form (hν)−α, wherehν is the incident photon energy. The exponent, α, is shown to be near 2.7 for N2+and for all N2partial cross sections above the nitrogenK-edge. An exponent of 3.0 was found for O2+and for all O2partial cross sections above the oxygenK-edge.
Abdominal radiology in the era of the Interventional Radiology/Diagnostic Radiology certificate.

First, the terms ‘IR’ and ‘DR’ used to describe the new certificate are not mutually exclusive, and therefore should not be used for the purposes of defining two separate entities. ‘DR,’ or ‘diagnostic radiology,’ includes interventional radiology procedures. For example, a percutaneous biopsy, one of the most common IR procedures performed today is a diagnostic procedure. ‘IR’ includes many diagnostic radiology procedures (e.g., aortography, transhepatic cholangiography). Therefore, the two entities are not distinct. To refer to two distinct entities, the more appropriate descriptive terms would be ‘imaging’ and ‘intervention,’ because ‘imaging’ does not include IR procedures (in which there is generally a skin puncture) and ‘intervention,’ or interventional radiology procedures, typically includes only procedures in which there is a skin puncture. Also, the IR and DR residencies both include imaging and intervention. They both remain within the Radiology department. In other words, an interventional radiologist remains a radiologist, and a diagnostic radiologist will still be performing interventional radiology procedures. This latter point may be ‘lost’ in the perception of the IR residency; some may believe incorrectly that IR will be taught only in the IR residency. Residents in the DR residency will still be trained in interventional radiology. Residents in the IR residency will be trained in imaging. However, the IR residency will provide more training in IR procedures and peri-procedural care than the DR residency.
Food discrimination and ovarian development in burying beetles (Coleoptera:Silphidae:Nicrophorus).

Burying beetles are carrion feeders that reproduce on small carcasses, but adults are also attracted to large carcasses to feed themselves. Beetles captured at large carcasses (baits in pitfall traps) and small carcasses (mice placed singly on the forest floor) differ in their mean ovary weights. Beetles with mature ovaries tend to favor the mice, whereas newly emerged adults with immature ovaries tend to favor the pitfall traps. The ovaries of all beetles develop only to a certain point; final oocyte development proceeds only after a small carcass is secured. Because our baited pitfall traps represent an adult food source, they capture a biased sample of the community, a sample that underrepresents the most reproductively active individuals.
Aeroacoustics of 2D and 3D Surface Discontinuities

Far field sound and pressure fluctuation measurements have been performed in a low Mach number wall-jet boundary layer flow over a swept forward facing step with sweep angles of 0 , 5 , 15 and 30 . For each sweep angle the effects of rounding of the external step corner were examined for corner radii to step height ratios of 0%, 12.5%, 25% and 50%. When scaled on the step-normal velocity, the sound produced by sharp and rounded forward steps appears almost sweep independent, at least for sweep angles up to 30 and rounding radii up to 25% of the step height. This behavior is obscured for observer locations fixed with respect to the approach flow, perhaps because of the unequal effects of the finite span and spanwise non-uniformity at different sweep angles. Surface pressure fluctuations immediately downstream of the step show approximate sweep independence limited to lower frequencies for rounding radii up to 12.5% of the step height.
Guidelines and standards for wireless technology for individuals with hearing loss

It is important that hearing assistance devices/systems (HADS) be evaluated electroacoustically to verify performance relative to published results and to compare performance across similar devices. The guidelines for verification prepared by professional organizations address the comparison of the HADS to personal amplification systems. The current document by the American Academy of Audiology includes guidelines for wireless systems integrated with hearing aids, classroom audio distribution systems, and induction loop systems. A new standard by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is now available, which provides specifications for systematic electroacoustic measurements that can be compared across manufacturers. Although many of the measurements are similar to those in the ANSI Standard for the Electroacoustic Evaluation of Hearing Aids, there are recommendations regarding position of wireless microphones and receivers that are specific to procedures for the evaluation of HADS. The ANSI standard for Electroacoustic Evaluation of HADS will be reviewed with particular application to systems with wireless transmitters and receivers.
Epidemiology of Varicella in Qingbaijiang District of Chengdu,2005-2009

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Qingbaijiang district of Chengdu,and provide evidence for the effective control of varicella.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the data of varicella cases in Qingbaijiang reported through disease information reporting system from 2005-2009.Results A total of 215 varicella cases were reported in Qingbaijiang during this period with the average annual incidence of 10.98/100 000.The incidence increased from 1.25/100 000 in 2005 to 36.21/100 000 in 2009.The disease occurred all the year round,which peaked during May July and during October December.The cases in the 6 months accounted for 87.44% of the total cases in a year.Most cases were the children and students less than 14 years old(80.93%).The cases mainly distributed in Dawan street and Hongyang street.Conclusion The varicella epidemic Qingbaijiang was serious,and it is necessary to strengthen the health education,carry out the health measures in school and conduct varicella vaccination to control the varicella epidemic in Qingbaijiang effectively.
Au-S Bonding Revealed from the Characterization of Diatomic Gold Sulfide, AuS.

Gold monosulfide, AuS, has been detected and characterized in the gas phase using optical spectroscopy. The symmetries of the ground and low-lying electronic excited states have been determined by application of a synergy of hot and cold laser excitation techniques. The electronic spectra are assigned to progressions in four band systems associated with excitations from the X(2)Πi ((2σ)(2)(2π)(3)) ground state to the A(2)Σ(+) state arising from the (2σ)(1)(2π)(4) configuration and to the a(4)Σ(-), B(2)Σ(-), and C(2)Δi states arising from the (2σ)(2)(2π)(2)(3σ*)(1) configuration. The bond length and dissociation energy of the ground X(2)Πi state are determined to be 2.156(2) A and 298 ± 2 kJ/mol, respectively. A molecular orbital correlation diagram is used to rationalize the energy ordering of the excited states and the associated harmonic frequencies.
Epilog Des Wertzerfalls: Zur Originalfassung Einer Tragodie Und Zu Einer Unbekannten Komodie Von Her Mann Broch

(1966). Epilog Des Wertzerfalls: Zur Originalfassung Einer Tragodie Und Zu Einer Unbekannten Komodie Von Her Mann Broch. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 218-242.
Measuring and Predicting the Internal Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals through Raman Spectroscopy

Nanocrystals composed of mixed chemical domains have diverse properties that are driving their integration in next-generation electronics, light sources, and biosensors. However, the precise spatial distribution of elements within these particles is difficult to measure and control, yet profoundly impacts their quality and performance. Here we synthesized a unique series of 42 different quantum dot nanocrystals, composed of two chemical domains (CdS:CdSe), arranged in 7 alloy and (core)shell structural classes. Chemometric analyses of far-field Raman spectra accurately classified their internal structures from their vibrational signatures. These classifications provide direct insight into the elemental arrangement of the alloy as well as an independent prediction of fluorescence quantum yield. This nondestructive, rapid approach can be broadly applied to greatly enhance our capacity to measure, predict and monitor multicomponent nanomaterials for precise tuning of their structures and properties.
Collaborative Writing for Commercial Musical Theatre

Collaborative writing has produced some of the world’s most important work for the stage, especially in the field of multidisciplinary theatre, which includes musical theatre, operetta, spectacle theatre, circus, ballet, and any other form of theatre employing multiple modes of performance (i.e. music, dance, acting, mime, etc.). Without collaborative writing teams, we would retain little of the multidisciplinary theatrical repertoire that has been produced in the past 120 years. I argue that although the solo creative genius holds a position of great esteem in Western culture, creative collaboration has long been a more reliable, if less romantic, approach to the complex art of writing for the stage. In this thesis, I will look at successful collaborative writing for commercial musical theatre, in order to uncover effective collaborative methodologies and techniques. I will demonstrate that there are many effective approaches to collaborative writing for the stage, but these approaches have important commonalities. Most important among these commonalities, successful commercial collaboration is consistently marked by an overriding commitment to a unity of concept that guides the work of all the collaborators involved. I will base my findings on two contrasting case studies: Rodgers and Hammerstein’s Oklahoma!, and Disney Theatrical’s stage version of The Lion King, directed by Julie Taymor. Both productions were among the most commercially successful Broadway musicals of their times, and both were produced through collaborative processes, but they differed in very significant ways. The two shows were created with a different scope and scale from one another, and they each employed extremely different internal hierarchies. The differences in their development make them excellent case studies for a comparison of collaborative methodology. This study provides a framework for effective collaborative writing for commercial theatre. It helps to distinguish the most effective processes for collaborative, commercial theatrical writing, providing useful insights for practical application. Furthermore, it suggests concrete and specific processes that can be used by collaborators who are writing for the commercial stage. In musical theatre, a field in which collaboration is not only desirable, but often necessitated by circumstances, insights into creative collaborative processes are valuable, and worth the attention of a study such as this one.
Determining Intermediate Hosts for Opecoelidae and Microphallidae Species (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in the Southeastern Pacific Coast, Using Molecular Markers

Abstract Metacercarial stages of digeneans were collected from decapod crustaceans inhabiting intertidal rocky zones in central Chile. The digeneans were identified through a molecular analysis based on the V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene. We analyzed 356 crustaceans belonging to 10 species, 115 intertidal fish belonging to 6 species, and 4 specimens of 1 coastal bird species. In total, 74.1% of crustaceans were parasitized with metacercariae. We found 1 species of Opecoelidae. This species showed low genetic divergence (0% and 0.1%) with adult digeneans found in intertidal fish and with the species Helicometrina labrisomi infesting a subtidal fish from northern Chile (Labrisomus philippii). Additionally, we found 2 species of Microphallidae, 1 closely related to Maritrema (1.3% genetic distance) and the other related to Microphallus (5% genetic distance). Therefore, our findings showed that the decapod crustaceans are relevant hosts in food webs from the southeastern Pacific coast. Furthermore, w...
Transactional Relations between Motivational Beliefs and Help Seeking from Teachers and Peers across Adolescence

Adolescents often avoid seeking academic help when needed, making it important to understand the motivational processes that support help seeking behavior. Using expectancy-value theory as a framework, this study examined transactional relations between motivational beliefs (i.e., academic self-concept or academic importance) and seeking help from teachers and peers across adolescence (i.e., from approximately age 12 to 17 years). Data were collected from 1479 adolescents (49% female; 61.9% African American, 31.2% European American, 6.9% other race). Analyses were conducted with cross-lagged panel models using three waves of data from seventh, ninth, and eleventh grade. Results indicated that both academic self-concept and academic importance were associated with increases in teacher help seeking in earlier adolescence, but were associated only with increases in peer help seeking in later adolescence. Help-seeking behavior positively influenced motivational beliefs, with teacher help seeking increasing academic self-concept earlier in adolescence and peer help seeking increasing academic importance later in adolescence. These transactional relations differed by adolescents’ prior achievement and racial background, but not by adolescents’ gender.
Process scheduling for the parallel desktop

Commodity hardware and software are growing increasingly more complex, with advances such as chip heterogeneity and specialization, deeper memory hierarchies, fine-grained power management, and most importantly, chip parallelism. Similarly, workloads are growing more concurrent and diverse. With this new complexity in hardware and software, process scheduling in the operating system (OS) becomes more challenging. Nevertheless, most commodity OS schedulers are based on design principles that are 30 years old. This disparity may soon lead to significant performance degradation. Most significantly, parallel architectures such as multicore chips require more than scalable OSs: parallel programs require parallel-aware scheduling. This paper posits that imminent changes in hardware and software warrant reevaluating the scheduler's policies in the commodity OS. We discuss and demonstrate the main issues that the emerging parallel desktops are raising for the OS scheduler. We propose that a new approach to scheduling is required, applying and generalizing lessons from different domain-specific scheduling algorithms, and in particular, parallel job scheduling. Future architectures can also assist the OS by providing better information on process scheduling requirements.
An interactive application of data envelopment analysis in microcomputers

This article describes a general-purpose microcomputer code for data envelopment analysis (DEA) that incorporates four different DEA models in the form of a user-friendly, menu-driven structure.
Oral cavity hydrodynamics and drag production in Balaenid whale suspension feeding.

Balaenid whales feed on large aggregates of small and slow-moving prey (predominantly copepods) through a filtration process enabled by baleen. These whales exhibit continuous filtration, namely, with the mouth kept partially opened and the baleen exposed to oncoming prey-laden waters while fluking. The process is an example of crossflow filtration (CFF) in which most of the particulates (prey) are separated from the substrate (water) without ever coming into contact with the filtering surface (baleen). This paper discusses the simulation of baleen filtration hydrodynamics based on a type of hydraulic circuit modeling commonly used in microfluidics, but adapted to the much higher Reynolds number flows typical of whale hydrodynamics. This so-called Baleen Hydraulic Circuit (BHC) model uses as input the basic characteristics of the flows moving through a section of baleen observed in a previous flume study by the authors. The model has low-spatial resolution but incorporates the effects of fluid viscosity, which doubles or more a whale’s total body drag in comparison to non-feeding travel. Modeling viscous friction is crucial here since exposing the baleen system to the open ocean ends up tripling a whale’s total wetted surface area. Among other findings, the BHC shows how CFF is enhanced by a large filtration surface and hence large body size; how it is carried out via the establishment of rapid anteroposterior flows transporting most of the prey-water slurry towards the oropharyngeal wall; how slower intra-baleen flows manage to transfer most of the substrate out of the mouth, all the while contributing only a fraction to overall oral cavity drag; and how these anteroposterior and intra-baleen flows lose speed as they approach the oropharyngeal wall.
Trends in the incidence and outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients with Clostridium difficile infection: A nationwide analysis

Background: Patients with cancer have several risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but the impact of CDI on outcomes in this population needs elucidation. We analyzed the incidence of CDI and its impact on outcomes in patients with cancer using the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) database from 2001 to 2010. Methods: Diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with cancer and CDI events. Demographics, diagnoses, length of stay (LOS), and discharge information were abstracted. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models with weighted analysis were conducted to study CDI incidence and CDI-associated outcomes. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. Results: During the 10-year study period, 20.1 million discharges had a cancer diagnosis. CDI developed in 1.09% of patients with cancer versus 0.77% of patients without cancer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.28-1.29; P<.001). The incidence of CDI in patients with cancer increased during the 10-year study period (64.7 per 10,000 discharges in 2001-2002 to 109.1 in 2009-2010; P<.001). In multivariable analysis, compared with patients with cancer without CDI, patients with cancer and CDI had a longer mean LOS (5.67 days; 95% CI, 5.39-5.94) and higher rates of in-hospital mortality (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.16-1.20) and discharge to a care facility (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.72-1.75; all P<.001). Conclusions: In this national database, CDI incidence increased significantly in patients with cancer over the study period and was associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality, and discharge to a care facility. Despite increased attention, CDI remained a serious infection and merits appropriate prevention and management.
Arctic science education using public museum collections from the University of Alaska Museum: An evolving and expanding landscape

Alaska faces unique challenges in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education, including limited accessibility to resources and learning opportunities, and a lack of place-ba...
A Model for Military-Civilian Collaboration in Academic Surgery Beyond Trauma Care.

This article discusses the collaboration between the David Grant US Air Force Medical Center and University of California, Davis Medical Center, a military-civilian partnership that provides surgical training to military surgeons.
The Fault of Forgiveness: Fragility and Memory of Evil in Volf and Ricoeur

Images of evil are etched in the minds, bodies, and souls of those who have suffered evil. Forgiveness is often proffered as both a faithful and efficacious response to the memory of evil, raising questions of what the redemption of memory means. We draw on the work of Paul Ricoeur and Miroslav Volf as sources of healing for the wounds of the memory of evil. Redeeming memories of evil requires a truthful retelling of the memory: an act of anamnesis. That the memory of evil is made present as part of an ongoing story of salvation and redemption means that the memory of evil is judged and the parties reconciled so that the memory can be redeemed. Forgiveness is an integral component of this re-location of memory that transforms it into a memory of redemption such that the memory of evil qua evil suffered simply no longer comes to mind.