cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following hemodynamic treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an uncommon but significant complication of hemodynamic therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)-induced vasospasm. We performed a PubMed literature search for the period January 1999 to January 2015 using the search terms "posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome", "subarachnoid hemorrhage", "vasospasm", and "hypertensive encephalopathy", and identified nine cases of PRES after aSAH-induced vasospasm in the literature. We also present a 63-year-old man with aSAH complicated by vasospasm treated with hemodynamic augmentation who subsequently developed PRES. Imaging following development of PRES symptoms shows vasogenic edema in the white matter of the parietal and occipital lobes. Age, sex, history of hypertension, and baseline blood pressure were variable among patients in the literature review. In all cases, patients improved both from a radiological and clinical perspective following blood pressure reduction. To summarize, PRES is a rare complication of hemodynamic therapy for vasospasm following aSAH. The literature at the time of writing demonstrates no common pattern with regard to patient demographics, medical history, or mode of treatment for symptomatic vasospasm. Given its sporadic and unpredictable nature, considering PRES in the differential diagnosis is important when addressing neurological decline following hemodynamic treatment of vasospasm related to aSAH.
An Approach to Chemorheology of a Filled SBR Compound

Abstract Three steps in complex chemorheological studies are necessary for complete rheological characterization of filled rubbers during cross-linking reaction. They include: (i) kinetic studies of cross-linking reaction, (ii) rheological studies of green rubber compounds, and (iii) correlation between the rheological parameters and the degree of cure. Basic experiments in the steps (i)–(iii) and their modeling are presented in this paper on the example of a filled SBR compound with sulfur accelerated vulcanization. The approach provides a unique possibility to trace therheological properties of rubber compounds from the green to completely cured states.
Subsidiarity and Religious Establishments in the U.S. Constitution

This article proposes subsidiarity as a tool for understanding the problem of religious establishments and the function of the Establishment Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Subsidiarity is a theory with roots deep in European political thought. It concerns how persons become genuinely free by associating with others, and what those associations imply about state authority. Subsidiarity's goal is to empower assocations by conditioning the intervention of state authority. State authority should foster, protect, and coordinate associations, but never absorb their functions. In this way, associations will provide genuine freedom and development for the individuals within them. As a political theory, subsidiarity has been applied to a wide array of problems - from international human rights and the International Criminal Court, to corporate governance and the European Union. Subsidiarity promises interesting applications to establishments and the Establishment Clause. The article concludes that, as a substantive norm, subsidiarity provides a viewpoint from which to assess the role of religious associations within a pluralistic society. It also furnishes an illuminating way of understanding the problem of religious establishments as such. As a structural norm, subsidiarity helps place the Establishment Clause within the federal framework of the U.S. Constitution. It invites us to view the Clause as a structural strategy for dealing with the problem of religious establishments faced by the authors and ratifiers of the U.S. Constitution. The conclusions promise a helpful reorientation of the typical discourse about religious establishments in U.S. jurisprudence and scholarship.
EUV-Driven Carbonaceous Film Deposition and Its Photo-oxidation on a TiO2 Film Surface

We report the photodeposition of a carbonaceous layer grown on a TiO2 thin film by extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-induced chemistry of adsorbed n-tetradecane and the subsequent photo-oxidation of this film. Chemical analysis of the carbonaceous layer indicates that irradiation by 92 eV photons converts a fraction of the 14-carbon-atom alkane into two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, anthracene and phenanthrene, both also containing 14 carbon atoms. Under continuing irradiation, EUV-induced dehydrogenation and cross-linking of PAHs and precursor alkane fragments form a complex network of carbon bonds with the inferred structure of an sp2-carbon rich film. Exposure of the carbonaceous film to five oxygen-containing molecules has little or no effect in the dark at 300 K. However, in the presence of EUV photons, the ability of the molecules to etch the carbonaceous film increases significantly. Their relative photo-oxidation activity follows the trend H2O2 ≈ O3 > NO ≈ O2 > H2O. The rate of the phot...
Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization

We have developed a method to achieve ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) mediated by oxidation of organic initiators in the absence of any transition metals. Radical cations, generated via one-electron oxidation of vinyl ethers, were found to react with norbornene to give polymeric species with microstructures essentially identical to those traditionally obtained via metal-mediated ROMP. We found that vinyl ether oxidation could be accomplished under mild conditions using an organic photoredox mediator. This led to high yields of polymer and generally good correlation between Mn values and initial monomer to catalyst loadings. Moreover, temporal control over reinitiation of polymer growth was achieved during on/off cycles of light exposure. This method demonstrates the first metal-free method for controlled ROMP.
Time-resolved crystallography: principles, problems and practice

Time-resolved crystallography is founded on the belief that a complete understanding of mechanism at the molecular level demands knowledge, not just of long-lived, readily observable structures, but also of short-lived intermediates in processes such as catalysis, ligand binding and release, and protein unfolding. Synchrotron X-ray sources enable X -ray diffraction patterns of high quality to be obtained from single crystals with exposure times that are often commensurate with the lifetime of the desired intermediates. The basic tools are therefore in place. How shall they be applied effectively? Can crystallography, long regarded as a static technique, in fact encompass dynamic processes? What pitfalls remain to be overcome? A time-resolved crystallographic experiment has five main components: the X -ray source; reaction initiation; reaction monitoring by optical or other techniques; X-ray data acquisition in real time; and data reduction and analysis. These are illustrated by our recent work on photoactive yellow protein, and on the acquisition and analysis of crystallographic data using 120 ps exposures.
Characterization of Enrichment Cultures Involved in the Carbon, Sulfur and Iron Biogeochemical Cycles in French Guiana Mobile Muds

ABSTRACTThe fluidized sediment ecosystem off French Guiana is characterized by active physical reworking, diversity of electron acceptors and highly variable redox regime. It is well studied geochemically but little is known about specific microorganisms involved in its biogeochemistry. Based on the biogeochemical profiles and rate kinetics, several possible biotically mediated pathways of the carbon, sulfur and iron cycles were hypothesized. Enrichment studies were set up with a goal to culture microorganisms responsible for these pathways. Stable microbial consortia potentially capable of the following chemolithoautotrophic types were enriched from the environment and characterized: elemental sulfur/thiosulfate disproportionators, thiosulfate-oxidizing ferrihydrite and nitrate reducers, sulfide/ferrous sulfide oxidizers coupled with nitrate and microaerophilic iron oxidizers. Attempts to generate several enrichments (anoxic ammonia oxidation, and sulfide oxidizers with ferric iron or manganese oxide) we...
Effects of Nitrogen Application on Hybrid Rice Population and Yield Composition in Rice-rape Seed Cropping System

Two hybrid rice varieties,IIYou 7 and Yuxiang 203,were tested in rice field with mid-low fertility under different nitrogen application level to study the effects on population composition and yield of hybrid rice varieties and provide a reference for rational nitrogen application in production of hybrid rice.The results showed that the yield of two tested varieties gradually increased with nitrogen increment within 0~150 kg/hm2 nitrogen level,but the yield presented a decline trend when nitrogen level was over150 kg/hm2.The yield and AE reached the highest when nitrogen level was 150 kg/hm2.The leaf area index of two tested rice varieties increased with increment of nitrogen level at heading stage.The high yield of two tested rice varieties could be obtained when the leaf area index of the rice population reached 7.The effective spike rate presented a decline trend with increment of nitrogen level and the effective spike rate was the lowest when nitrogen level was 210 kg/hm2.
Using Taboo and Toxicity Control on Toxic Medical Materials in the 2010 Version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia"

OBJECTIVE To understand comprehensively the related restrictions of toxic medical materials in the new version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia",which will facilitate to control its toxicity effectively and ensure the safety of clinical application.METHODS To review and summarize the contents of using taboo on toxic medical materials in the 2010 version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia".RESULTS The contents of using taboo on toxic medical materials in the 2010 version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" include that medication using taboos,special populations using taboos,disease taboos,patients constitution taboos and dietary taboos,which are important links on preventing the security risks of toxic medical materials.CONCLUSION The related restrictions of toxic medical materials in the new version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" is a kind of effective control measures from the standard levels,and is also an effective mean ensuring the safety of clinical medication,so we should obey them strictly in clinical use.
The Future of American Tax Administration: Conceptual Alternatives and Political Realities

When their environments change markedly, individuals and species adapt or they cease to be. This principle holds institutionally as well as biologically. History is littered with both discarded enterprises (such as the Children’s Crusade, the Hanseatic League, and the Golden Horde) and successful transformations (such as the evolution of much of the Holy Roman Empire into modern Germany). The Internal Revenue Service now stands at the precipice of an uncertain future. With considerable justification, the IRS considers itself as being among the most successful revenue collection organizations in the world.1 Whether that characterization will remain accurate in the future will depend on how the IRS deals, and is allowed to deal, with intersecting trends threatening to cripple the ability of the IRS to perform its core mission of revenue collection
Mitigation of adverse effects of gics on transformers using look-up table controlled ground resistance

Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in power systems can cause problems ranging from transformer overheating to tripping of protective devices and voltage instability. This paper presents a new approach by using a lookup table (LUT) controlled resistance to suppress the GIC flowing through the neutral of transformers. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the currently adopted method, i. e, the fixed-capacitor method. In this work, the tested network consists of a single synchronous machine connected through a step-up delta/wye transformer, transmission lines, and another step-down transformer to an infinite bus. The MATLAB/SIMULINK software is utilized to carry out simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed method is able to stabilize the system under GIC events as well as mitigate the zero sequence current flowing during unsymmetrical faults. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the conventional method.
Contour Plots for the Diffraction of a Pulse By a Wedge

Using Friedlander's solution for the diffraction of a pulse from a wedge, contours of constant electric and magnetic field are plotted for an electromagnetic plane wave pulse incident on a perfectly conducting wedge for different wedges and angles of incidence, and for TM and TE polarizations.
Color flow pulsed Doppler ultrasound in diagnosing luteal phase defect

Objective To determine whether color flow pulsed Doppler analysis of corpus luteum blood flow in normal cycles differs from cycles with a luteal phase defect. Design A prospective study of natural ovarian cycles. Setting The University of Vermont Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Service. Patients Ten women with regular menstrual cycles and at risk for luteal phase defect (LPD) four with unexplained infertility, two with recurrent abortion, and four with age >35years. Interventions All women were examined by transvaginal color flow pulsed Doppler during the early follicular, late follicular, early luteal, midluteal, and late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Venous blood for P concentration was drawn on each day of Doppler exam. Urine testing for LH surge and endometrial biopsy during the late luteal phase were performed on each patient. Main Outcome Measures Lowest resistance index associated with the highest amplitude signal from intraovarian vessels of each ovary, dated endometrial biopsies, serum P. Results Mean resistance indexes in LPD patients (n=3) were significantly higher compared with normal women (n=6) throughout the follicular and luteal phases. One patient remained anovulatory and was excluded from statistical analysis. Although systolic and diastolic velocities generally were observed to be lower in LPD patients compared with normal women, these differences were not statistically significant. High correlations were observed between P and resistance index within each luteal time point, achieving its highest value during the midluteal phase. Conclusion This initial study provides evidence that color flow pulsed Doppler analysis of blood flow impedance to the corpus luteum may aid in assessing luteal phase adequacy.
Tap changer for distributed power

United Utilities have identified that the introduction of combined heat and power plant (CHP) into a new estate within their LV distribution network will give rise to the possibility of reversal of power flow through the distribution transformer at periods of low loading with consequent rise in line voltage. Since such a voltage might be outside the statutory limits, a cost effective method of limiting this voltage is essential. The solution identified is to switch between two predefined taps on the distribution transformer at preset times of the day based on historical loading data. Areva T&D have been studying advanced techniques for on-load tap changers (OLTC) resulting in several novel designs being demonstrated in the laboratory. The techniques are principally aimed at OLTC diverters for power transmission and have considered a range of technologies. The present tap changer uses a vacuum switch arrangement combined with a commutation circuit powered from the tap voltage. Modern control principles are required to obtain accurate point on wave switching, however the tap changer is operated from a single armature to give a simple and reliable scheme. The power circuit fits within a casing that integrates with the transformer tank, raising its height by 300 mm. The control is separate from the power circuit and fits into wall-mounted cabinet. Either a preset time setting or the secondary RMS voltage level can initiate a tap change according to a switch setting on the control unit. In both cases care has been taken to prevent the possibility of the tap change operation "hunting". The development is well advanced and should be ready to go into trial service in late 2007.
On throughput analysis of multi-tier cellular networks

This paper discusses the modeling and analysis of throughput in the multi-tier heterogeneous networks with a focus on downlink. We first derive a closed-form solution for downlink probability of coverage based on max-SINR association policy in a multi-tier network with orthogonal spectrum allocation among tiers and then compute the throughput of the network considering user mobility. More specifically, using stochastic geometry, a typical mobile user is considered in a multi-tier network modeled by K independent tiers with the Base Stations distributed according to homogeneous Poisson Point Process (PPP) with density λ k in the kth tier. While Max-SINR association is usually used for the performance metric analysis considering all other Base Stations as an interferers, we capture more realistic probability of coverage for downlink using the Base Station activation probability. The numerical results are presented for the coverage probability and throughput for illustration.
Transfer of multimodal emotion features in deep belief networks

In this paper, we investigate the effect of transfer of emotion-rich features between source and target networks on classification accuracy and training time in a multimodal setting for vision based emotion recognition. First, we propose emosource-a 6-layer Deep Belief Network (DBN), trained on popular emotion corpora for emotion classification. Second, we propose two 6-layer DBNs — emotarget and emotargetft and study the transfer of emotion features between source and target networks in a layer-by-layer fashion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first research effort to study the transfer of emotion features layer-by-layer in a multimodal setting.
Absence of asymptotic freedom in doped mott insulators: breakdown of strong coupling expansions.

We show that doped Mott insulators such as the copper-oxide superconductors are asymptotically slaved in that the quasiparticle weight $Z$ near half-filling depends critically on the existence of the high-energy scale set by the upper Hubbard band. In particular, near half-filling, the following dichotomy arises: $Z\ensuremath{\ne}0$ when the high-energy scale is integrated out but $Z=0$ in the thermodynamic limit when it is retained. Slavery to the high-energy scale arises from quantum interference between electronic excitations across the Mott gap. Broad spectral features seen in photoemission in the normal state of the cuprates are argued to arise from high-energy slavery.
Phase analysis for three-dimensional surface reconstruction of apples using structured-illumination reflectance imaging

Three-dimensional (3-D) shape information is valuable for fruit quality evaluation. This study was aimed at developing phase analysis techniques for reconstruction of the 3-D surface of fruit from the pattern images acquired by a structuredillumination reflectance imaging (SIRI) system. Phase-shifted sinusoidal patterns, distorted by the fruit geometry, were acquired and processed through phase demodulation, phase unwrapping and other post-processing procedures to obtain phase difference maps relative to the phase of a reference plane. The phase maps were then transformed into height profiles and 3-D shapes in a world coordinate system based on phase-to-height and in-plane calibrations. A reference plane-based approach, coupled with the curve fitting technique using polynomials of order 3 or higher, was utilized for phase-to-height calibrations, which achieved superior accuracies with the root-mean-squared errors (RMSEs) of 0.027- 0.033 mm for a height measurement range of 0-91 mm. The 3rd-order polynomial curve fitting technique was further tested on two reference blocks with known heights, resulting in relative errors of 3.75% and 4.16%. In-plane calibrations were performed by solving a linear system formed by a number of control points in a calibration object, which yielded a RMSE of 0.311 mm. Tests of the calibrated system for reconstructing the surface of apple samples showed that surface concavities (i.e., stem/calyx regions) could be easily discriminated from bruises from the phase difference maps, reconstructed height profiles and the 3-D shape of apples. This study has laid a foundation for using SIRI for 3-D shape measurement, and thus expanded the capability of the technique for quality evaluation of horticultural products. Further research is needed to utilize the phase analysis techniques for stem/calyx detection of apples, and optimize the phase demodulation and unwrapping algorithms for faster and more reliable detection.
Progression Optimization in Priority Arterial Signal Networks

Abstract Arterial progression methods, adapted for application to grid networks, use mixed integer linear programming models for the maximization of the bandwidths. Due to the number of discrete variables involved, these methods are computationally demanding and inefficient when applied to large networks. This paper develops a fast heuristic procedure, which can be applied to both uniform and variable bandwidth optimization. The procedure uses the traffic characteristics of the network and involves an iterative decomposition into priority arterial sub-networks. This facilitates the determination of the optimal values for the integer variables and enables the application of bandwidth optimization methods to large-scale networks.
Mueller matrix polarimetry on plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings for porosity measurement.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most widely used material for thermal plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used to protect gas turbine engine parts in demanding operation environments. The superior material properties of YSZ coatings are related to their internal porosity level. By quantifying the porosity level, tighter control on the spraying process can be achieved to produce reliable coatings. Currently, destructive measurement methods are widely used to measure the porosity level. In this paper, we describe a novel nondestructive approach that is applicable to classify the porosity level of plasma sprayed YSZ TBCs via Mueller matrix polarimetry. A rotating retarder Mueller matrix polarimeter was used to measure the polarization properties of the plasma sprayed YSZ coatings with different porosity levels. From these measurements, it was determined that a sample’s measured depolarization ratio is dependent on the sample’s surface roughness and porosity level. To this end, we correlate the depolarization ratio with the samples’ surface roughness, as measured by a contact profilometer, as well as the total porosity level, in percentage measured using a micrograph and stereological analysis. With the use of this technique, a full-field and rapid measurement of porosity level can be achieved.
“You aren′t going to cut on me!” Urgent Medical Decisions for Patients with Schizophrenia: How We Decided

Abstract Background Decision-making capacity of patients with schizophrenia remains a highly debated subject, both in terms of understanding the effects of the illness, and in the challenges presented by clinical scenarios. Clinicians are frequently asked to evaluate decision-making capacity in patients with schizophrenia admitted to medical/surgical services, and these cases pose many clinical and ethical challenges. Objective/Method Two cases are presented of individuals with schizophrenia that refused emergent surgical care. Results Evaluation by the psychiatry consultation-liaison service deemed both patients to lack decision-making capacity, yet, in light of patient- and case-specific factors, surgery was performed in only one case. Discussion Acute medical conditions may complicate the evaluation of decision-making capacity in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Frequently, the psychiatrist has additional time pressure for their assessment, particularly when a patient presents with an acute or unstable condition requiring emergent intervention, such as surgery. Additionally, irreversible consequences due to refusal of intervention provokes provider discomfort, particularly given the opposing tension to respecting patient autonomy. In contrast, surgical providers may be unwilling to surgically intervene on patients deemed to lack capacity, as the patient may have a lower chance of recovery. Either extreme poses ethical dilemmas: forcing invasive treatment on a patient, or withholding medical interventions from certain psychiatric patients. Conclusion In cases of great complexity, decision making capacity assessments should be guided by a sliding scale, and when evaluating for the appropriateness of treatment in patients lacking capacity, clinicians should utilize the core ethical values to guide their decisions.
Cardiovascular Gap Junction Proteins: Molecular Characterization and Biochemical Regulation

Gap junctions are plasma membrane specializations containing channels which permit the intercellular exchange of ions and small molecules. Gap junction channels are of central importance in electrically excitable tissues such as myocardium where cell-to-cell passage of ions allows propagation of action potentials. Gap junctions are also present in many non-excitable cells (for example endothelial cells) where they may facilitate intercellular exchange of nutrients, metabolites, and signaling molecules as well as ions. The present review will focus on molecular biological and biochemical studies that have enhanced our understanding of the molecular composition of cardiac and vascular gap junction channels and the regulation of the subunit proteins that form them.
Competitive Advantages of Metasequoia in Warm High Latitudes

Although the fossil remains of several conifer species have been found from numerous lowland Eocene sites throughout the very high latitudes (above 75° N), many were rarities, and only Metasequoia Miki appeared to have thrived under the warm and unique lighting conditions of the High Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. To estimate the relative competitiveness of the fossil conifers, mechanical/hydraulic stem attributes, photosynthetic water-use-efficiency and photobiology were compared among extant nearest-living-relatives: Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endlicher, Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton ex D. Don) K. Koch and Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Based on these physiological comparisons we conclude that Taxodium Richard would have been limited primarily by a significant decrease in photosynthetic efficiency when growing under continuous light. Sequoia Endlicher should have been highly competitive, but was likely limited by its evergreen habit. Glyptostrobus Endlicher would have been restricted to minor component status by its slow growth rate and short stature. Finally, although Larix Miller demonstrated improved water-use-efficiency under continuous light, it had a less-competitive photobiology than Metasequoia, and sequestered more resources into stem biomass.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Facts and Formulas

Alterations in endocrinology and metabolism are common in critically ill patients. Laboratory testing and interpretation of laboratory data play an important part in the management of these disorders.
Landmark-based Exploration with Swarm of Resource Constrained Robots

In this paper we consider the problem of autonomous exploration of an unknown, GPS-denied environment using a swarm of robots with very limited resources and limited sensing capabilities. To that end we use a landmark complex, a simplicial complex utilizing an observation of landmarks, as a topological representation of the environment. Each robot is equipped with an omni-directional, limited-range sensor that can identify landmarks in the robot's neighborhood. The robots use the bearing angles to the landmarks for local navigation. Given a collection of identifiable landmarks, a landmark complex can then be cumulatively constructed to encapsulate the topological information of the environment. Under the assumption of sufficiently dense landmarks, we propose an exploration and exploitation strategy that guides the swarm of robots to explore an environment using only bearing measurements without any metric information. Lastly, we demonstrate the coordinate-free and localization-free navigation in the environment using the constructed landmark complex.
Heterogeneous Jobs and the Aggregate Labour Market

This paper analyses a simple search-and-matching model with heterogeneous jobs. First, I derive an explicit formula that ensures the social efficiency of the equilibrium outcome. This formula generalises the well-known Hosios condition and clarifies the role of externalities across labour markets for different types of jobs. Second, business cycle fluctuations with heterogeneous jobs are analysed. Heterogeneity in productivity and job stability plays an important role in generating strong labour-market responses to productivity shocks.
Initial Validation of an Elementary Version of the Positive Family Support Strengths and Needs Assessment.

The purpose of the present study was to conduct an initial validation of the Positive Family Support–Strengths and Needs Assessment (PFS-SaNA) for elementary school children. The PFS-SaNA is design...
The classical capacity achievable by a quantum channel assisted by limited entanglement

We give the trade-off curve showing the capacity of a quantum channel as a function of the amount of entanglement used by the sender and receiver for transmitting information. The endpoints of this curve are given by the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland capacity formula and the entanglement-assisted capacity, which is the maximum over all input density matrices of the quantum mutual information. The proof we give is based on the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland formula, and also gives a new and simpler proof for the entanglement-assisted capacity formula.
Characterization of Ankle Kinematics and Constraint Following Ligament Rupture in a Cadaveric Model.

Ankle sprains are a common injury that may need reconstruction and extensive physical therapy. The purpose of this study was to provide a description of the biomechanics of the ankle joint complex after anterior talofibular (ATFL) and calcaneofibular (CFL) ligament rupture to better understand severe ankle injuries. Envelope of motion of ten cadaveric ankles was examined by manual manipulations that served as training data for a radial basis function used to interpolate ankle mobility at flexion angles under load and torque combinations. Moreover, ankle kinematics were examined while tendons were loaded to identify how their performance is altered by ligament rupture. The force required to plantarflex the ankle following ligament rupture was measured by calculating the load through the Achilles. Following ATFL injury, the largest changes were to internal rotation (5°) in deep plantarflexion and anterior translation (1.5mm) in early plantarflexion. The combined ATFL and CFL rupture changed the internal/external rotation (3°), anterior/posterior translation (1mm), and inversion (5°) throughout flexion relative to the isolated ATFL rupture. The Achilles' load increased by 24% after the rupture of ligaments indicating a reduction in its efficiency. This study suggests that if patients demonstrate a primarily an increased laxity in internal rotation, the damage has solely occurred to the ATFL; however, if the constraint is reduced across multiple motions, there is likely damage to both ligaments. Higher loads in the Achilles suggest that it is overloaded after the injury; hence, targeting the calf muscles in rehabilitation exercises may reduce patients' pain.
Computer vision–based damage and stress state estimation for reinforced concrete and steel fiber–reinforced concrete panels:

This article presents a computer vision damage assessment approach that relates surface crack patterns to damage levels and stress state characteristics in conventionally reinforced concrete and st...
Is thoracoscopic esophageal atresia repair safe in the presence of cardiac anomalies

Abstract Background Esophageal atresia (EA) is often associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). Repair of EA by the thoracoscopic approach places physiological stress on a newborn with CHD. This paper reviews the outcomes of infants with CHD who had undergone thoracoscopic EA repair, comparing their outcomes to those without CHD. Methods This was a review of infants who underwent thoracoscopic EA repair from 2009 to 2017 at one institution. Operative time and outcomes were analyzed in relation to CHD status. Results Twenty five infants underwent thoracoscopic EA repair during the study period. Seventeen (68%) had associated anomalies of whom 9 (36%) had cardiac anomalies. The mean operative time was 217 min. There was no difference in operative time between CHD and non-CHD cases (estimate 20 min longer operative time in the presence of a cardiac anomaly [95% CI − 20 to 57]). Two cases were converted to open thoracotomy; both were non-CHD. There was no difference in the time to feeding, time in intensive care unit or time in hospital between CHD and non-CHD cases. Five patients developed an anastomotic leak (two CHD and three non-CHD) of which two were clinical; all were managed conservatively. There was no case of recurrent fistula. Conclusions This pilot study did not find evidence that thoracoscopic EA repair compromised outcomes in children with congenital heart disease. A prospective multicenter study with long-term follow-up is recommended to confirm whether thoracoscopic repair in CHD is truly equivalent to the open operation. Type of study Therapeutic. Level of evidence Level III.
What Should Be the Content for Student Learning

Content in education is typically conceived as subject matter, often divided into disciplines such as mathematics, English, history, science, geography, and so forth. Content is often further conceived as being embedded in media such as textbooks, handouts, movies, computers, posters, and bulletin boards that are used in the context of classrooms inside school buildings. First, I discuss the difference between “what is” and “what should be.” The latter is a philosophical question, not an empirical one. I argue, as does Steiner, that content should support the primary educational goal to develop student rationality. Next, I discuss existing conceptions of content (“what is”) and their limitations. As an alternative, I subsequently discuss totally integrated education (TIE) as a way to facilitate the educational aim of guiding students to form strongly connected cognitive, conative, and affective mental structures that have been grounded through direct, firsthand, real-world experiences. Grounding of knowing, feeling, and intending is vitally important for development of strongly connected, holistic mental structures. Students with integrated mental structures that have been grounded and who are rational are less easily deceived and misled by others who are ignorant, prejudiced, or deceptive. If rational, we humans are free to seek truth and justice, instead of being misled by our false beliefs, emotions, and desires.
A Clerodane Diterpene from Callicarpa americana Resensitizes Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to β-Lactam Antibiotics.

The rise of antibiotic resistance presents a significant healthcare challenge and precludes the use of many otherwise valuable antibiotics. One potential solution to this problem is the use of anti...
Assessing team communication with patients' families: Findings from utilizing the Communication Assessment Tool-Team (CAT-T) in an interprofessional error disclosure simulation.

Abstract Objective The CAT-T was incorporated into an interprofessional error disclosure (ED) simulation to assess team communication with a patient family member. Methods Interprofessional student groups (n = 55) planned for team-based ED with facilitation by faculty. Students participated in three scenarios of ED with a standardized family member (SFM) who displayed the emotions of sadness, anger, and distrust sequentially. SFMs completed the CAT-T tool for each emotion. CAT-T items were classified as empathy or disclosure skills by factor analysis. Qualitative comments from the SFM were provided during debrief. Results Students performed well on team-based ED from the SFM perspective. Team performance improved when the SFM displayed distrust after observing peers disclose for the sad and angry emotion. Higher composite scores were found on CAT-T items categorized as empathy skills. Conclusions The ED simulation allowed students to practice disclosure skills in a low-stakes environment and receive feedback from a SFM based on behaviors evaluated on the CAT-T. The simulation design allowed students to improve their performance by incorporating feedback into subsequent cycles. Practice Implications Immersive experiences where observable student behaviors can be assessed are important to enhance IPE curriculum and to build skills in pre-licensure students that will be foundational for collaborative practice.
Bank of Russia Continues its Moderately Tight Monetary Policy

The monetary policy priority for the coming years is to maintain the inflation rate at 4%, according to the Draft Guidelines for the Single State Monetary Policy in 2018 and for 2019 and 2020. Monetary authorities will continue to pursue a moderately tight monetary policy, but the objective of lowering inflation to the target rate has actually been achieved, and the objective of holding inflation and inflation expectations at the level they are now has come to the fore.
Pediatric Blood Management

Pediatric patient blood management (PBM) is an interdisciplinary, evidence-based approach to improving patient outcomes through anemia prevention and treatment, optimization of hemostasis, and minimization of perioperative blood loss [1]. These practices are well established in the adult literature and are supported by various health organizations including the World Health Organization [2], the American Society of Anesthesiology [3], the Australian National Blood Authority [4], and the European Society of Anesthesiology [5]. However, while these practices have been well established for the adult patient population, pediatric PBM lags behind.
Age-related differences in memory for “who,” “when,” and “where” are detectable in middle-aged adults

Our study examined age-related differences across the adult lifespan using a recently developed test assessing memory for “who, when, and where” in addition to associations among these elements. Yo...
Renal Abscess in Children

Ten children with renal abscesses treated during the last 25 years are reviewed following our recent experience with 3 children, each of whom presented with an abscess. The diagnosis was not readily apparent before hospitalization, despite characteristic features of the disease. Excretory urography with nephrotomography proved to be the most valuable diagnostic study. Angiography was useful in differentiating the abscess from other intrarenal processes. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infecting organism. Upper urinary tract anomalies were noted most frequently with gram-negative infections. Treatment consisted of drainage of the abscess in 8 children. Nephrectomy was required in 2 girls, each of whom had multiple extensive gram-negative carbuncles. The pathogenesis and therapy of a renal abscess are discussed.
Cultural Capital and Opportunities for Exceptionalism: Bias in University Admissions

This study illuminates how common holistic admissions practices at so-called “elite” colleges and universities favor high-SES, high wealth applicants through the ways they define and consider “exce...
Diagnostic- and sex-based differences in depression symptoms in autistic and neurotypical early adolescents.

Prevalence rates of depression are higher in autistic youth than neurotypical peers, yet the effects of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and sex on depressive symptom severity remain incompletely...
Forensicast: A Non-intrusive Approach & Tool For Logical Forensic Acquisition & Analysis of The Google Chromecast TV

The era of traditional cable Television (TV) is swiftly coming to an end. People today subscribe to a multitude of streaming services. Smart TVs have enabled a new generation of entertainment, not only limited to constant on-demand streaming as they now offer other features such as web browsing, communication, gaming etc. These functions have recently been embedded into a small IoT device that can connect to any TV with High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) input known as Google Chromecast TV. Its wide adoption makes it a treasure trove for potential digital evidence. Our work is the primary source on forensically interrogating Chromecast TV devices. We found that the device is always unlocked, allowing extraction of application data through the backup feature of Android Debug Bridge (ADB) without device root access. We take advantage of this minimal access and demonstrate how a series of artifacts can stitch together a detailed timeline, and we automate the process by constructing Forensicast – a Chromecast TV forensic acquisition and timelining tool. Our work targeted (n=112) of the most popular Android TV applications including 69% (77/112) third party applications and 31% (35/112) system applications. 65% (50/77) third party applications allowed backup, and of those 90% (45/50) contained time-based identifiers, 40% (20/50) invoked some form of logs/activity monitoring, 50% (25/50) yielded some sort of token/cookie, 8% (4/50) resulted in a device ID, 26% (13/50) produced a user ID, and 24% (12/50) created other information. 26% (9/35) system applications provided meaningful artifacts, 78% (7/9) provided time based identifiers, 22% (2/9) involved some form of logs/activity monitoring, 22% (2/9) yielded some form of token/cookie data, 22% (2/9) resulted in a device ID, 44% (4/9) provided a user ID, and 33% (3/9) created other information. Our findings also illustrated common artifacts found in applications that are related to developer and advertising utilities, mainly WebView, Firebase, and Facebook Analytics. Future work and open research problems are shared.
The Uses of Economics in Papal Encyclicals

Imagine that you hire an architect to design a house for you. Imagine also that you know the broad outlines of what you want in a house — how many bedrooms, the style, or the type of kitchen. In other words, you know what the house is for — namely, the shelter and comfort of your family. When the architect suggests designs that will beautifully and efficiently serve the ends you have outlined, you listen, respecting the architect’s expertise. The architect may think that a house should serve purposes different from the ones you have outlined — the architect may think that a house should be structurally honest, starkly displaying the materials that go into its construction, or that a house should win the admiration of modernist architects. To the extent that the architect can convince you that the architect’s goals should be yours, you will allow the architect to design your house with them in mind. If you do not share the architect’s goals, however, you will reasonably expect him or her to design the house to serve ends that you think are good.
The Proteins of Chromatin. I. Histones

All of the proteins associated with chromatin may be divided into two categories: histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins. The distinction is by no means an arbitrary one, for the histones represent a well-characterized group of proteins with quite unique compositions, sequence characteristics, and functions. Their relative amounts and stoichiometry with respect to DNA are nearly constant throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. The nonhistone chromosomal proteins (NHCPs, henceforth) might be operationally defined as all of the other proteins isolated with chromatin. The definition here is far less precise, for different methods of releasing chromatin from the nucleus will surely yield different subsets of the total nuclear proteins (see Comings, 1978, for an excellent review, and Chapter 5 for further discussion). The remaining proteins of the eukaryotic nucleus could be defined as nonchromosomal nuclear proteins (NCNPs). These will include proteins associated with the nuclear envelope and nuclear matrix (see Chapters 5, 7) as well as proteins soluble in the nuclear sap. For an overview of these proteins and the associated structures, the reviews by Agutter and Richardson (1980) and Hancock (1982) are recommended. The enumeration of the NCNPs will be especially difficult, for the class must overlap (depending on chromatin isolation methods) with the NHCPs, and there are surely proteins that may be found in either the cytoplasm or the nucleus, or both, depending on methods of nuclear isolation. Therefore, at the present time, only operational definitions for these latter two classes can be given. In this book, we shall be concerned primarily with those proteins associated with chromatin isolated by standard techniques: histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins.
The PIMS program of strategy research

Abstract The article provides a brief overview of the historical background and the early methodological innovations of the PIMS project, which has dominated strategy research between 1975 and 1990. Several findings are discussed, especially the so-called key success factors like market share, product quality, order of market entry and capital intensity. These findings had a considerable impact on the strategy formulation of firms and stimulated subsequent academic research outside the core PIMS program. The article also develops some perspectives for future research on key factors of success.
An Analysis of Retention Problems for Female Students in University Computer Science Programs

AbstractFemales are less likely to take advantage of computer learning opportunities than males. Gender biases and societal stereotypes, as well as differential interests, experience and attitudes contribute to a low level of participation by females in computer courses. In order to better understand the gender imbalance and high level of female attrition in computer science, survey instruments were developed to measure attitudes toward the experience of students currently enrolled in the Computer Science Department at a large western university, and to note differences in the reasons that males and females choose to change from computer science to other majors. The study suggests that a key factor influencing the high rate of female attrition is lack of previous experience with computers before entering the program. Other factors may be gender-biased attitudes and behavior, interactions with other computer science students, and the nature of computer science as a discipline.
Is knowledge shared within households

According to theory, a member of a collective-action household may or may not share knowledge with others in that household. Shared income gains from shared knowledge may well be offset by a shift in the balance of power within the family. But do literate members of the household share the benefits of literacy with other members of the household in practice? Using household survey data for Bangladesh, the authors find that education has strong external effects on individual earnings. When a range of personal attributes is held constant, an illiterate adult earns significantly more in the non-farm economy when living in a household with at least one literate member. That is, a literate person is likely to share some of the benefits of his or her literacy with other members of the household. It is better to be an illiterate in a household where someone is literate than in a household of illiterates only. It is widely noted that a literate mother confers greater benefits on her children than a literate father does. But what about differences between male and female recipients of knowledge? The empirical results suggest that women are more efficient recipients, too.