cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MATRIX COMPOSITION AFFECTS THE SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF A PRAIRIE PLANTHOPPER

To date, there is a lack of well-controlled field experiments that disentangle the effects of the intervening matrix from other landscape variables (e.g., patch geography or quality) that might influence animal dispersal among patches. We performed a field experiment to investigate how the movement of a delphacid planthopper (Prokelisia crocea) among discrete patches of prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata) is affected by the composition of the matrix (mudflat, native nonhost grasses, and the introduced grass smooth brome [Bromus inermis]). Within each matrix type, marked planthoppers were released onto experimental cordgrass patches that were made identical in size, isolation, and host plant quality. We found that the emigration rate (planthoppers lost per patch per day) was 1.3 times higher for patches embedded in the two nonhost grass matrix types than for patches in mudflat. The rate of immigration (immigrants per patch per day) into patches isolated by 3 m was 5.4 times higher in the brome than in the mudflat matrix. Patches in the native grass matrix had intermediate immigration rates. In addition, a survey of planthopper distributions in nature revealed that both the within- and among-patch distributions of the planthopper were related to the composition of the matrix. Within patches, individuals accumulated against mudflat edges (relative to patch interiors) but not against nonhost grass edges. Among patches, incidence and density increased with the proportion of the matrix composed of open mud. The matrix was equal to that of patch geography (size and isolation) in its ability to explain the distribution of the planthopper. We suggest that the low permeability of the mudflat relative to a nonhost grass edge may explain these planthopper distributional patterns. Also, because natural cordgrass patches in mudflat were richer in nutrients than those in nonhost grasses, planthoppers may have been more likely to remain and build up densities on the former patches. We predict that the displacement of native matrix types by invasive brome will result in increased connectivity and greater spatial synchrony in densities of planthoppers among cordgrass patches.
Altered erythrocyte spectrin extractability in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Spectrin extractability was measured in the erythrocyte membranes obtained from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and normal matched controls. After the extraction of spectrin by adding deionized water, an aliquot of the pellet was applied to 6% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Spectrin-Band 3 ratio on the gels was used as an indicator of spectrin extractability. Our data disclosed that spectrin extractability is significantly reduced in DMD patients when compared with that of controls and these results suggest that spectrin from DMD patients is more tightly bound to the membranes. Our data may also be applicable to the discussion of the relationship of spectrin to other membrane properties as well as to previously described membrane abnormalities in DMD erythrocytes.
USP Marion: The First Federal Supermax

The U.S. Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois (USP Marion) was the first federal supermax prison. The “mean little house” is one of the most significant U.S. prisons built in the past century. It has served as a model for high-security detention confinement and been copied worldwide. Marion also has a history of violence, mistakes, and inflicting serious damage on prisoners. This article employs a “convict criminology perspective” to discuss the history of Marion, the profile of federal prisoners, control units, programs and services, prisoners released from Marion, the prison camp, transfer of high-security prisoners, and comparable supermax penitentiaries. Early in 2007, USP Marion was converted to medium security, closing one of the most infamous chapters in recent American penal history.
Interfaces: A Game-Theoretic Framework for Reasoning About Component-Based Systems

Abstract Traditional type systems specify interfaces in terms of values and domains. When we apply a function to an argument, or when we compose two functions, we have to check that their types match. Interface models extend type systems with the ability to reason about the dynamic behavior of design components. For instance, interface models are able to capture temporal-ordering constraints on component interaction, such as constraints on the ordering of method calls or protocol messages, timing constraints on a component's input and output signals, and constraints on the usage of shared resources. Like type systems, interfaces specify both the input assumptions a component makes on its environment and the output guarantees it provides. Interfaces are based on two-player games in which the system plays against the environment. The moves of the environment (player Input) represent the inputs that the system can receive from the environment, that is, the input assumption of the system. Symmetrically, the moves of the system (player Output) represent the possible outputs that can be generated by the system. Interfaces are built around the concepts of (1) well-formedness, requiring that the input assumptions of an interface be satisfiable; (2) compatibility, asking whether two components can be used in a way that satisfies the input assumptions of both components; (3) composition of compatible interfaces; and (4) refinement, asking whether one component (being an implementation) correctly implements another one (being the specification). This paper provides a tutorial-style introduction to interfaces and discusses the basic concepts and ideas. In particular, we elaborate on the automaton-based interfaces from [L. de Alfaro and T.A. Henzinger. Interface automata. In Proceedings of the 8th European Software Engineering Conference and the 9th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE), pages 109–120. ACM Press, 2001] and the timed interfaces from [L. de Alfaro, T.A. Henzinger, and M.I.A. Stoelinga. Timed interfaces. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT 2002), volume 2491 of Lect. Notes in Comp. Sci., pages 108–122. Springer-Verlag, 2002]. Due space limitations, we do not treat the notion of interface refinement, but we refer the reader to [L. de Alfaro and T.A. Henzinger. Interface automata. In Proceedings of the 8th European Software Engineering Conference and the 9th ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE), pages 109–120. ACM Press, 2001] and [L. de Alfaro. Game models for open systems. In Int. Symposium on Verification celebrating Zohar Manna's 64th Birthday, volume 2772 of Lect. Notes in Comp. Sci. Springer-Verlag, 2003].
IC-P2-085: Baseline MRI measures of cerebrovascular disease in the Alzheimers disease neuroimaging initiative

Background: ADNI is a large-scale test of potential biomarkers for detection, monitoring, and treatment of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) caused by Alzheimers Disease (AD) pathology. However, the degree to which ADNI subjects possess cerebrovascular disease (CVD) pathology that may also influence their cognitive trajectories is unclear. Therefore, we measured WMH volume and infarcts on all baseline ADNI scans to clarify the CVD profile of the cohort. Methods: A total of 734 ADNI subjects received baseline T1-, T2-, and PD-weighted MR scans. All scans were skull-stripped and warped to a standardized elderly template image. An automated method determined the probability of WMH at each voxel in the standard space based on PD, T1, and T2 intensity, along with a prior probability of WMH at that voxel. A total WMH volume estimate was computed by multiplying per-voxel WMH probabilities with voxel volume. Infarcts were annotated on T1 and T2 images by an expert rater. WMH volume was related to clinical variables and presence of infarcts in univariate and multivariate models. Results: Mean and standard deviation in WMH volume were 2.81 cc and 2.72 cc. 13% of subjects had MRI evidence of infarcts. Increased WMH volume was significantly associated with increased age, lower MMSE, higher CDR Total score, higher Hachinski Ischemic Scale, and presence of infarcts. AD subjects had significantly higher WMH volume than MCI or normal subjects, but normal and MCI subjects had similar WMH burden. Conclusions: ADNI subjects possess substantial CVD burden that is comparable to that of previous populationbased cohorts. Therefore, possible effects of CVD on cognition should be considered when evaluating the utility of potential AD biomarkers in this cohort.
Plasticity in hippocampal peptidergic systems induced by repeated electroconvulsive shock.

The regulated secretion of bioactive peptides requires the coordinated actions of a variety of gene products ranging from peptide precursors to post-translational processing enzymes and the cytosolic machinery involved in vesicle exocytosis. To evaluate the role of plasticity of peptidergic processes in the clinical response to electroconvulsive treatment, we monitored expression of a peptide (neuropeptide Y, NPY), a post-translational processing enzyme (peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase, PAM) and a cytosolic component involved in peptide secretion and neurite extension (kalirin) in the hippocampus. Adult male rats were subjected to single or repeated electroconvulsive shock. In general, levels of NPY, PAM and kalirin mRNA showed similar transient increases after acute and repeated electroconvulsive shock. In contrast, repeated, but not acute, electroconvulsive shock brought about widespread changes in protein expression. Increased amounts of NPY and PAM accumulated in mossy fibers, and dentate granule cell dendrites contained increased amounts of NPY, PAM and kalirin. CA1 pyramidal neurons expressed increased amounts of PAM and kalirin, with an accumulation of both proteins in their dendrites. Scattered interneurons contained increased levels of NPY and PAM after acute and repeated shocks. However, scattered interneurons contained increased levels of kalirin only after repeated shocks. The distinctly different effects of repeated vs. acute electroconvulsive shock support an important role for peptidergic plasticity in the therapeutic effects observed following electroconvulsive treatment.
Limits of Continuum Aerodynamics

At very low densities or in the flow about very small objects, air cannot be modeled as a fluid continuum. In such cases, classical continuum theory does not apply. In typical aerodynamics textbooks, the limitations of continuum theory are discussed only briefly or not at all. Here, an improved rule for approximating the limits of continuum theory is presented. The effects of Knudsen number, Reynolds number, and Mach number are considered. The criterion is based on a 1 % deviation between results predicted from continuum theory and results predicted from the kinetic theory of gases.
Perception of Barriers to Self-care Management Among Diabetic Patients

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore individual, educational, and system barriers that limit low-income diabetes patients’ ability to achieve optimal diabetes self-management.MethodsEconomically disadvantaged patients with diabetes who used the Diabetes Clinic of Grady Health System in Atlanta, Georgia, participated in 3 focus group discussions.ResultsThe discussions were held with mostly African Americans (n = 35) to explore barriers to achieving optimal diabetes self-management. Most participants were not married, approximately one-third had less than high school level reading skills, and 40% were not currently working. In terms of individual barriers, the emotional toll from the diagnosis of and lifestyle changes to treat diabetes was a recurrent theme, and included stress, frustration, social isolation, interpersonal conflicts, depression, and fear. Denial was often mentioned as the key factor that inhibited adherence to a healthy mode of living. The educational barriers were failure to rec...
Correlated hierarchy, Dirac masses and large mixing angles

Abstract We introduce a new parametrization of the MNS lepton mixing matrix which separates the hierarchical grand unified relations among quarks and leptons. We argue that one large angle stems from the charged leptons, the other from the seesaw structure of the neutral lepton mass matrix. We show how two large mixing angles can arise naturally provided there are special requirements on the Dirac (ΔIw=1/2) and Majorana (ΔIw=0) masses. One possibility is a correlated hierarchy between them, the other is that the ΔIw=0 Majorana mass has a specific texture; it is Dirac-like for two of the three families.
On the stability of adaptive antenna arrays with weights at an intermediate frequency

The author focuses on the stability problem that exists in adaptive antenna arrays when the weighting functions operate at a nonzero frequency. The application of the least-mean-square algorithm when the weights are written in terms of an in-phase and a quadrature component is considered. The behavior of the signal processing algorithm is then described by a set of coupled differential equations derived under zero-delay conditions. When time delays in the feedback loops are taken into account, the stability and therefore the performance of the array are greatly affected. It is shown how stability can be achieved by a simple time-compensation procedure. Simulation results show that interference rejection comparable to the zero-delay case is experienced. >
Comment on the paper by Quinn and Fromme entitled subjective response to alcohol challenge: a quantitative review.

Background: This commentary discusses the recent paper by Quinn and Fromme (2011), placing their results into perspective. Results: Quinn and Fromme’s meta-analysis is an important and useful synthesis of a complex literature. It is clear, well written, and well reasoned, with conclusions that are relevant to both the Low Level of Response Model and the Differentiator Model. Conclusions: Drs. Quinn and Fromme use a thorough and thoughtful approach, and I encourage researchers to address the important questions raised by their meta-analysis.
Punishment and the cultural limits to state power in late 18th-century Britain

The late 18th century is widely regarded as a time of rapid and momentous change in European and US penal history. Having identified this as the crucial formative period of the modern penitentiary,...
Multimodality Approaches to Treat Hypoxic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Microenvironment

We found both in vitro and in vivo that survival of NSCLC cells in a hypoxic microenvironment requires Notch-1 signaling. A hypoxic tumor environment represents a problem for NSCLC treatment because it plays a critical role in cancer resistance to chemotherapy, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Here we targeted hypoxic tumor tissue in an orthotopic NSCLC model. We inhibited the Notch-1/IGF-1R/Akt-1 axis using 3 agents: a γ-secretase inhibitor or GSI (MRK-003), a fully humanized antibody against the human IGF-1R (MK-0646), and a pan-Akt inhibitor (MK-2206), alone or in various combinations including therapeutics currently in clinical use. All treatments but Akt inhibition significantly prolonged the median survival of mice compared with controls. GSI treatment caused specific cell death of hypoxic tumors. Tumors excised from mice displayed a significant reduction of markers of hypoxia. Moreover, GSI treatment caused reduced metastasis to the liver and brain. MK-0646 was not specific to a hypoxic tumor environment but substantially increased the median survival of treated mice compared with controls. NSCLC cells evaded MK-0646 treatment by specifically overactivating EGF-R both in vivo and in 5 cell lines in vitro. This phenomenon is achieved at the level of protein stability. MK-0646 treatment caused increased erlotinib sensitivity in NSCLC cells poorly responsive to it. Sequential treatment with MK-0646 followed by erlotinib prolonged median survival of mice significantly. When the 2 drugs were administered simultaneously, no survival benefit was observed, and this combination therapy proved less effective than MK-0646 used as single agent. Our data offer novel information that may provide insights for the planning of clinical trials in humans, likely for maintenance therapy of NSCLC patients.
THERMAL EXPANSION OF FeF 2 CRYSTALS

Many experimental and theoretical studies have been made of the properties of ferrous fluoride (FeF2),1–11 However, no detailed measurements of the thermal expansion of FeF2 below room temperature have been reported. This paper presents the results of such an investigation of the thermal expansion of FeF2 with particular emphasis on its behavior in the vicinity of the Neel temperature.
Investigating student-instructor interactions when using pair programming: An empirical study

At North Dakota State University, there are multiple sections of the CS1 and CS2 introductory computer science courses. A large number of students are enrolled in each section, making it difficult to hold laboratory sessions as there is not enough space for all of the students in one room. This results in diminished student attendance and a decrease in student understanding of the course material. Pair programming has been shown to have multiple benefits in educational use. Previous research has shown that it benefits student learning in addition to increasing the student retention in computer science programming courses. Using pair programming would also allow students to share laboratory resources and make it possible to accommodate more students in laboratory session. To study the effects of pair programming on student-instructor interactions in laboratory sessions of introductory computer science courses, an empirical study was conducted at North Dakota State University. Data about student-instructor interactions was collected by monitoring the laboratory sessions during the study run, as well as through a post-study survey given to students and interviews with the instructors. The results from this study indicate that having students work in pairs as opposed to individually reduces the number of questions from students and decreases the amount of time that a student must wait for instructor assistance.
Self-homeomorphisms of 4-manifolds with fundamental group Z

Abstract In this paper we study the classification of self-homeomorphisms of closed, connected, oriented 4-manifolds with infinite cyclic fundamental group up to pseudoisotopy, or equivalently up to homotopy. We find that for manifolds with even intersection form homeomorphisms are classified up to pseudoisotopy by their action on π1 , π2 and the set of spin structures on the manifold. For manifolds with odd intersection form they are classified by the action on π1 and π2 and an additional Z /2 Z . As a consequence we complete the classification program for closed, connected, oriented 4-manifolds with infinite cyclic fundamental group, begun by Freedman, Quinn and Wang.
Fiber type effects on contraction-stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 abundance in single fibers from rat skeletal muscle

To fully understand skeletal muscle at the cellular level, it is essential to evaluate single muscle fibers. Accordingly, the major goals of this study were to determine if there are fiber type-rel...
Fluid elasticity measurements from hole pressure error data

A slit die of variable height H (0.135 in., 0.1975 in., or 0.2488 in.) width W 2.5 in., and variable length Le (12.0 in., 12.5 in., or 13.5 in.) has been designed and constructed for measuring the wall shear stress σw and the hole pressure error PH. Values of PH and σw are obtained directly and rapidly on a chart recorder from three commercial pressure transducers by means of an electronic differencing technique. The reliability of PH measurements is established by the excellent agreement between viscosity η values obtained from this apparatus and a rheogoniometer and by measuring negligible values of PH for the New tonian fluid, glycerine, for σw 0 for σw ≥ 800 dyn/cm2 and values of PH < 0 for a low-elasticity solution of polystyrene in dioctyl phthalate (DOP). Values of PH are found to be independent of the distance E of the transducers from the die exit and the die height which indicated that PH is independent of the undisturbed wall pressure Pw for constant values of σw. Our values agree well with those measured by Higashitani for a similar Separan solution in a different slit die. Using this new slit die, it is shown the PH is sensitive to changes in molecular weight (MW) for a series of solutions of polystyrene in DOP and that PH could be used to monitor continuously the changes in molecular structure which occured during the mechanical degradation of a 2.0% aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) solution. The simple relation between PH and N1 (PH = −cN1, where c is a constant) is verified for solutions of polystyrene in DOP and aqueous Separan solutions over a large range of flow conditions (⋅ = 1000 sec−1). Because c is found to vary slightly with polymer type, concentration, and molecular weight, a method is presented for obtaining N1 directly from PH data.
Flora White (1860–1948): New Woman, Stark Choice

This article examines the life of education reformer Flora White, who both represented and deviated from the stereotypical new woman portrayed in popular literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. White's decision to reject marriage and children in favor of a career resulted in greater financial insecurity and an unmet desire for a legacy. At the same time, White's choice allowed the self-described “rebel” many opportunities for individual growth and personal satisfaction.
Reoperative venous access.

The maintenance of long-term venous access is critical to the livelihood of children in a variety of clinical situations, especially those who are dependent on parenteral nutrition. Whereas the traditional routes of either peripheral or central venous access are initially adequate, most of these sites eventually succumb to the pitfalls associated with long-term venous access. This review provides a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to the management of reoperative venous access with regard to preoperative planning and imaging and specific techniques in interventional radiology and surgery.
Romanticism and the Culture of Suicide in Nineteenth-Century France

An anonymous comment on the suicidal inclinations of great men appeared among the regular articles in an 1850 issue of the highly regarded journal of mental hygiene, the Annales medico-psychologiques. “Some curious rapprochements might be drawn,” the author suggested, “given the frequency with which this thought occurs among celebrated men; but it is clear that if insanity were the sole possible explanation, only the lot of the common people would be desirable.” On one level, this statement represents an editorial contribution to an intense debate taking place in the journal's pages concerning the relationship between suicide and insanity. Although most nineteenthcentury observers associated self-destructive behavior with mental instability, viewing the individual who sought to put an end to his existence as weak, if not perverse, a certain mystique also surrounded suicide at this time. Images of Christian martyrs who willingly courted death in preference to leading lives of pagan dishonor, of the self-sacrificing heroes of antiquity, existed alongside more contemporary renderings of unrequited lovers and world-weary young men familiar to readers of Romantic novels and the faits divers. A longing for death was a sign of sensitivity and artistic promise. “Suicide,” wrote the influential critic, Saint-Marc Girardin, “is not the malady of one who is simple of heart or in mind; it is the malady of the refined and of philosophers.” Alphonse de Lamartine, George Sand, Alfred de Musset, Benjamin Constant, and the Vicomte de Chateaubriand all confessed to having been tempted to kill themselves in their youth. No less an idol than Napoleon Bonaparte was known to have entertained morbid ideas on occasion.
Dynamic Stability of Axially Vibrating Columns

In the axial motion of an elastic column slight imperfections may cause development of flexure through interaction of the pulsating axial force with flexural curvature. The conditions required for flexural growth to occur are given. Flexural modes of rather high order may be strongly excited with almost all of the original energy being transferred into flexural motion.
Molecular cloning of two CD7 (T-cell leukemia antigen) cDNAs by a COS cell expression system.

Abstract The human CD7 antigen (gp40) is a cell surface glycoprotein found on thymocytes and mature T-cells. It is one of the earliest antigens to appear on cells of the T-lymphocyte lineage, and the most reliable clinical marker of T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. This report describes the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a full length CD7 cDNA, and of a cDNA for an unusual intron-bearing precursor. The DNA sequence of the clone predicts a highly glycosylated membrane protein with homology to members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, and no relationship to known oncogenes. Over-expression of CD7 RNA was observed in only one T-cell tumor line, and genomic DNA rearrangement was not observed in any lines. Prompted by a recent suggestion that CD7 plays a role in IgM binding, COS cells expressing CD7 were tested and found not to bind IgM or IgM immune complexes.
Melanocyte Regeneration in Vitiligo Requires WNT beneath their Wings

Melanocytes in patients with vitiligo possess intrinsic abnormalities that contribute to its pathogenesis. Regazzetti et al. report that CXCL10 expression reflects subtle inflammation in normal-appearing skin but not in stable depigmented lesions, supporting the hypothesis that melanocytes themselves initiate autoimmune inflammation prior to clinically evident disease. In addition, they find that oxidative stress in melanocytes impairs WNT signaling and that targeting this pathway induces melanoblast differentiation. Thus, activating the WNT pathway may serve as an adjunctive strategy to support repigmentation in patients with vitiligo.
Assessing Intervention Effects in the Minnesota Heart Health Program

The Minnesota Heart Health Program is a 13-year research and demonstration project to reduce morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease in whole communities in the upper Midwest. Six communities were selected for the study: three intervention and three comparison sites, matched to increase baseline comparability. After 2-4 years of baseline observations, a 5- to 6-year program of intensive intervention was introduced in the three intervention communities. Periodic cross-sectional and cohort surveys provided data on risk factors and related behaviors. Regression adjustments within and between communities reduced the confounding influences of important covariates and the variance inflation associated with the nesting of individuals within communities and surveys. Post hoc stratification allowed exploration of the main and strata-specific effects of the intervention program. Finally, the intervention effect was modeled as a departure from the trend line fit to the nonintervention city-year means. Together, these procedures explicitly acknowledged the component of variance associated with communities, and so avoided a major source of bias created in the usual analysis when that variation is ignored. They also increased the interpretability of the analyses and reduced the mean square errors used to assess the treatment effects.
Discovery and Characterization of (8S,9R)-5-Fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-2,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrido[4,3,2-de]phthalazin-3-one (BMN 673, Talazoparib), a Novel, Highly Potent, and Orally Efficacious Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1/2 Inhibitor, as an Anticancer Agent

We discovered and developed a novel series of tetrahydropyridophthlazinones as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 and 2 inhibitors. Lead optimization led to the identification of (8S,9R)-47 (talazoparib; BMN 673; (8S,9R)-5-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-2,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrido[4,3,2-de]phthalazin-3-one). The novel stereospecific dual chiral-center-embedded structure of this compound has enabled extensive and unique binding interactions with PARP1/2 proteins. (8S,9R)-47 demonstrates excellent potency, inhibiting PARP1 and PARP2 enzyme activity with Ki = 1.2 and 0.87 nM, respectively. It inhibits PARP-mediated PARylation in a whole-cell assay with an EC50 of 2.51 nM and prevents proliferation of cancer cells carrying mutant BRCA1/2, with EC50 = 0.3 nM (MX-1) and 5 nM (Capan-1), respectively. (8S,9R)-47 is orally available, displaying favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and remarkable antitumor efficacy in the BRCA1 mutant MX-1 breast cancer xenograft model following oral administration as a single-agent or in combination with chemotherapy agents such as temozolomide and cisplatin. (8S,9R)-47 has completed phase 1 clinical trial and is currently being studied in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials for the treatment of locally advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer with germline BRCA1/2 deleterious mutations.
Social Media Predictive Analytics

The recent explosion of social media services like Twitter, Google+ and Facebook has led to an interest in social media predictive analytics – automatically inferring hidden information from the large amounts of freely available content. It has a number of applications, including: online targeted advertising, personalized marketing, large-scale passive polling and real-time live polling, personalized recommendation systems and search, and real-time healthcare analytics etc. In this tutorial, we will describe how to build a variety of social media predictive analytics for inferring latent user properties from a Twitter network including demographic traits, personality, interests, emotions and opinions etc. Our methods will address several important aspects of social media such as: dynamic, streaming nature of the data, multi-relationality in social networks, data collection and annotation biases, data and model sharing, generalization of the existing models, data drift, and scalability to other languages. We will start with an overview of the existing approaches for social media predictive analytics. We will describe the state-of-the-art static (batch) models and features. We will then present models for streaming (online) inference from single and multiple data streams; and formulate a latent attribute prediction task as a sequence-labeling problem. Finally, we present several techniques for dynamic (iterative) learning and prediction using active learning setup with rationale annotation and filtering. The tutorial will conclude with a practice session focusing on walk-through examples for predicting latent user properties e.g., political preferences, income, education level, life satisfaction and emotions emanating from user communications on Twitter.
Can data repositories help find effective treatments for complex diseases

There are many challenges to developing treatments for complex diseases. This review explores the question of whether it is possible to imagine a data repository that would increase the pace of understanding complex diseases sufficiently well to facilitate the development of effective treatments. First, consideration is given to the amount of data that might be needed for such a data repository and whether the existing data storage infrastructure is enough. Several successful data repositories are then examined to see if they have common characteristics. An area of science where unsuccessful attempts to develop a data infrastructure is then described to see what lessons could be learned for a data repository devoted to complex disease. Then, a variety of issues related to sharing data are discussed. In some of these areas, it is reasonably clear how to move forward. In other areas, there are significant open questions that need to be addressed by all data repositories. Using that baseline information, the question of whether data archives can be effective in understanding a complex disease is explored. The major goal of such a data archive is likely to be identifying biomarkers that define sub-populations of the disease.
Abnormal regulation of purine metabolism in a cultured mouse T-cell lymphoma mutant partially deficient in adenylosuccinate synthetase.

The isolation and characterization of a mutant mouse T-cell lymphoma (S49) with altered purine metabolism is described. This mutant, AU-100, was isolated from a mutagenized population of S49 cells by virtue of its resistance to 0.1 mM 6-azauridine in semisolid agarose. The AU-100 cells are resistant to adenosine mediated cytotoxicity but are extraordinarily sensitive to killing by guanosine. High performance liquid chromatography of AU-100 cell extracts has demonstrated that intracellular levels of GTP, IMP, and GMP are all elevated about 3-fold over those levels found in wild type cells. The AU-100 cells also contain an elevated intracellular level of pyrophosphoribosylphosphate (PPriboseP), which accounts for its resistance to adenosine. However AU-100 cells synthesize purines de novo at a rate less than 35% of that found in wild type cells. Furthermore, the intact cells of this mutant S49 cell line cannot efficiently incorporate labeled hypoxanthine into nucleotides since the salvage enzyme HGPRTase is inhibited in situ.
The Archaeology of the Slick Rock Village, Tulare County, California

Slick rock village (4Tul 10) was excavated by a Smithsonian Institution River Basin Surveys field party under the direction of the writer between June 20 and July 30, 1950. It is one of nine very similar sites which will be covered by the reservoir pool to be created by the construction of the Terminus Dam on the Kaweah River. This particular site was chosen for excavation because it showed less evidence of modification by recent cultural activity than any other of the threatened sites. Intensive excavation at a single site (rather than test excavation at several) was chosen as the preferable approach to the archaeology of the Terminus Reservoir area because we had hoped that concentrated excavation at a single site would yield an integrated account of at least one ancient community in this region. Such an account would be particularly interesting in the light of the extraordinarily full ethnographic literature on this area (Gayton, A. H., 1948 a, b; Latta, F. F., 1949).
Replacing Uridine with 2-Thiouridine Enhances the Rate and Fidelity of Nonenzymatic RNA Primer Extension

The nonenzymatic replication of RNA oligonucleotides is thought to have played a key role in the origin of life prior to the evolution of ribozyme-catalyzed RNA replication. Although the copying of oligo-C templates by 2-methylimidazole-activated G monomers can be quite efficient, the copying of mixed sequence templates, especially those containing A and U, is particularly slow and error-prone. The greater thermodynamic stability of the 2-thio-U(s2U):A base pair, relative to the canonical U:A base pair, suggests that replacing U with s2U might enhance the rate and fidelity of the nonenzymatic copying of RNA templates. Here we report that this single atom substitution in the activated monomer improves both the kinetics and the fidelity of nonenzymatic primer extension on mixed-sequence RNA templates. In addition, the mean lengths of primer extension products obtained with s2U is greater than those obtained with U, augmenting the potential for nonenzymatic replication of heritable function-rich sequences. W...
Temperature dependence of electrochemical DNA charge transport: influence of a mismatch.

Charge transfer through DNA is of interest as DNA is both the quintessential biomolecule of all living organisms and a self-organizing element in bioelectronic circuits and sensing applications. Here, we report the temperature-dependent properties of DNA charge transport in an electronically relevant arrangement of DNA monolayers on gold under biologically relevant conditions, and we track the effects of incorporating a CA single base pair mismatch. Charge transfer (CT) through double stranded, 17mer monolayers was monitored by following the yield of electrochemical reduction of a Nile blue redox probe conjugated to a modified thymine. Analysis with cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry shows that DNA CT increases significantly with temperature, indicative of more DNA bridges becoming active for transport. The mismatch was found to attenuate DNA CT at lower temperatures, but the effect of the mismatch diminished as temperature was increased. Voltammograms were analyzed to extract the electron tra...
Influence of potassium and calcium on behavior of isolated rat atria.

SummaryA blotting procedure was developed to remove superficial fluid adhering to rat atrial tissue in a consistent manner prior to chemical analyses. The K+ and water contents of rat atria stimulated for 3 hours in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium containing 6 mM potassium were not significantly different from those of freshly dissected atria, indicating that the medium used in the present investigation is physiological with respect to its potassium concentration and osmotic pressure. Atria stimulated for 2 hours in K+-free medium, after a one hour equilibration period in the normal medium, showed a 57.4% loss in potassium content. No significant change in water content, however, was observed under these conditions. Atria stimulated 200 times per minute in K+-free medium showed idiopathic rhythmicity, contracture, and a temporary increase in contractile force. Self-stimulated atria placed in K+-free medium showed a temporary period of increased rate which was sensitive to the chronotropic action of epinep...
Spinal bone mineral assessment in postmenopausal women: A comparison between dual X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography

We compared quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with respect to their ability to discriminate subjects with and without prevalent vertebral fractures. In 240 post-menopausal women (mean age 63.7±6.9 years) lateral spine radiographs (T4-L4) were reviewed for the presence of vertebral fracture. Using a semiquantitative technique to grade the severity of vertebral deformities, we classified fractures as mild, moderate or severe (grade 1 to 3, respectively). Postero-anterior DXA (PA-DXA) and lateral DXA (L-DXA) measurements (L2–4) as well as QCT measurements of the lumbar spine (T12-L3 or L1–14) were obtained in all women. Seventy-two women were diagnosed with at least one fracture, and of these 40 were graded as mild. Comparing normal women with fractured women, we found the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves to be greatest for QCT (0.81), followed by L-DXA (0.72) and PA-DXA (0.65). The differences among all three techniques were significant. Comparing the normal women with women having only mild fractures, the areas under the ROC curves were 0.79, 0.73 and 0.63 for QCT, L-DXA and PA-DXA, respectively. Significant differences existed between QCT and PA-DXA as well as between L-DXA and PA-DXA. Logistic regression analysis also revealed the highest age-adjusted odds ratios for QCT (3.67; 2.25–5.97) while L-DXA and PA-DXA showed substantially lower odds ratios (2.00; 1.39–2.87, and 1.54; 1.11–2.15, respectively). We conclude that low bone density as measured by QCT, PA-DXA or L-DXA is significantly associated with the prevalence of vertebral fractures. Of the methods studied, QCT of trabecular bone offered the best discriminatory capability. L-DXA proved to be superior to PA-DXA in its diagnostic sensitivity, particularly in women with mild fracture. Mild vertebral fractures are associated with decreased spinal bone density and may be regarded as osteoporotic deformities.
Survival, growth and stress response of juvenile tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi, to interspecific competition for food.

Reintroduction of endangered fishes to historic habitat has been used as a recovery tool; however, these fish may face competition from other fishes that established in their native habitat since extirpation. This study investigated the physiological response of tidewater goby, Eucyclogobius newberryi, an endangered California fish, when competing for food with threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, a native species, and rainwater killifish, Lucania parva, a non-native species. Survival, growth and physiological indicators of stress (i.e. cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations) were assessed for juvenile fish held for 28 days in two food-limited conditions. When fed a 75% ration, survival of E. newberryi was significantly lower when held with G. aculeatus. In all fish assemblages, weight and relative condition decreased then stabilized over the 28 day experiment, while length remained unchanged. Whole-body cortisol in E. newberryi was not affected by fish assemblage; however, glucose and lactate concentrations were significantly higher with conspecifics than with other fish assemblages. When fed a 50% ration, survival of E. newberryi decreased during the second half of the experiment, while weight and relative condition decreased and length remained unchanged in all three fish assemblages. Cortisol concentrations were significantly higher for all fish assemblages compared with concentrations at the start of the experiment, whereas glucose and lactate concentrations were depressed relative to concentrations at the start of the experiment, with the magnitude of decrease dependent on the species assemblage. Our findings indicate that E. newberryi exhibited reduced growth and an elevated generalized stress response during low food availability. In response to reduced food availability, competition with G. aculeatus had the greatest physiological effect on E. newberryi, with minimal effects from the non-native L. parva. This study presents the first reported cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in response to chronic stress for E. newberryi.
DMSA for treatment of lead poisoning in children

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of DMSA combined with nutrients on children lead poisoning.Methods 100 cases with blood lead 100 (including g/L) were randomly divided into observation group and control group.There were 50 cases in each group.The observation group was given dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and nutrients.The control group was only given nutrients.At the same time,the protection knowledge and therapeutic method of lead poisoning were introduced to the parents.The clinical curative effects of two groups were compared after the treatment in week 4 and 12.Results After 4 weeks of treatment,blood lead levels of children in two groups were significantly decreased (P0.05),and the blood lead decrease of observation group is higher than that of the control group (P0.05).After 12 weeks of treatment,blood lead levels in the observation group continue to decline,and blood lead level in the control group has no obvious change.The difference between groups is significant (P0.05).Conclusion DMSA combined with nutrients has obvious therapeutic effect on lead poisoning in children without obvious adverse reaction.
Analysis of quality control of the multi-center clinical trial

Currently,multi-center clinical trial has been widely applied in pre-marketing and post-marketing study.This paper analyzes various problems of quality trace and track of domestic clinical trials in recent years,expounds the key precautions to ensure quality of multi-center clinical trial,and provides further reference for raising domestic multi center clinical trial level.
Why Race and Culture Matter in Schools, and Why We Need to "Get This Right": A Conversation with Dr. Tyrone Howard.

Tyrone Howard is Professor of Education at UCLA; Associate Dean of Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion; and former Director of Center X, which is where UCLA's teacher education program is housed. Cent...
Bayesian Phase I/II Biomarker-Based Dose Finding for Precision Medicine With Molecularly Targeted Agents

ABSTRACTThe optimal dose for treating patients with a molecularly targeted agent may differ according to the patient's individual characteristics, such as biomarker status. In this article, we propose a Bayesian phase I/II dose-finding design to find the optimal dose that is personalized for each patient according to his/her biomarker status. To overcome the curse of dimensionality caused by the relatively large number of biomarkers and their interactions with the dose, we employ canonical partial least squares (CPLS) to extract a small number of components from the covariate matrix containing the dose, biomarkers, and dose-by-biomarker interactions. Using these components as the covariates, we model the ordinal toxicity and efficacy using the latent-variable approach. Our model accounts for important features of molecularly targeted agents. We quantify the desirability of the dose using a utility function and propose a two-stage dose-finding algorithm to find the personalized optimal dose according to ea...
Zielgruppen und Nutzerprofile

Im Folgenden sind die beim Vortrag verwendeten Folien abgedruckt. Der Vortrag ist als Life-Mitschnitt uber die Homepage des Munchner Kreises verfugbar (http://www.muenchner-kreis.de/veranstaltungen/seit-2000.html).
Does Confucianism still matter? A new insight from a study of the mental health of functionally dependent Korean older adults:

This study explored predictors of functionally dependent Korean older adults’ mental health. Logistic regression analyses were conducted using a sample of 1234 subjects. Findings show a subject’s f...
Effect of fentanyl on the induction dose and minimum infusion rate of alfaxalone preventing movement in dogs.

Abstract Objective To determine the effect of fentanyl on the induction dose of propofol and minimum infusion rate required to prevent movement in response to noxious stimulation (MIRNM) in dogs. Study design Crossover experimental design. Animals Six healthy, adult intact male Beagle dogs, mean ± standard deviation 12.6 ± 0.4 kg. Methods Dogs were administered 0.9% saline (treatment P), fentanyl (5 μg kg−1) (treatment PLDF) or fentanyl (10 μg kg−1) (treatment PHDF) intravenously over 5 minutes. Five minutes later, anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg kg−1, followed by 1 mg kg−1 every 15 seconds to achieve intubation) and maintained for 90 minutes by constant rate infusions (CRIs) of propofol alone or with fentanyl: P, propofol (0.5 mg kg−1 minute−1); PLDF, propofol (0.35 mg kg−1 minute−1) and fentanyl (0.1 μg kg−1 minute−1); PHDF, propofol (0.3 mg kg−1 minute−1) and fentanyl (0.2 μg kg−1 minute−1). Propofol CRI was increased or decreased based on the response to stimulation (50 V, 50 Hz, 10 mA), with 20 minutes between adjustments. Data were analyzed using a mixed-model anova and presented as mean ± standard error. Results ropofol induction doses were 6.16 ± 0.31, 3.67 ± 0.21 and 3.33 ± 0.42 mg kg−1 for P, PLDF and PHDF, respectively. Doses for PLDF and PHDF were significantly decreased from P (p Conclusions and clinical relevance Fentanyl, at the doses studied, caused statistically significant and clinically important decreases in the propofol induction dose and MIRNM.