cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mexican-origin parents' workplace discrimination and well-being: The roles of familism values, family conflict, and gender.

OBJECTIVE This study examined Mexican-origin parents' perceived workplace discrimination, familism, family conflict, and gender as related to parents' well-being (i.e., self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and general physical health) over a 2-year period during the 2007-2009 "Great Recession" in the U.S. METHOD Data were drawn from two waves of a larger study of 246 Mexican-origin predominantly immigrant families with adolescents. Using a matched-pairs sample of mothers and fathers, path analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized relations. RESULTS Moderation analyses revealed that high levels of familism weakened the link between workplace discrimination and parents' depressive symptoms, whereas high levels of parent-youth conflict exacerbated the association to parents' psychosocial well-being. There was variation by parent gender, with parent-youth conflict being more strongly associated with fathers' self-esteem than mothers'. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that Mexican-origin parents' familism can mitigate and family conflict can exacerbate the risks of workplace discrimination on parents' psychosocial well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Anterior Closing Wedge Proximal Tibial Osteotomy and Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Quadriceps Tendon Autograft

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are among the most common injuries in young athletes and active adults. Reconstruction of the ACL most often leads to good functional outcomes a...
Williams’ Gang: A Notorious Slave Trader and his Cargo of Black Convicts: Jeff Forret, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2020, £22, 363pp, ISBN: 9781108493031

In Washington, D.C., the heart of American democracy, William H. Williams operated a ‘notorious’ slave pen, dubbed the Yellow House, at the corner of Maryland Avenue and Seventh Street. For over tw...
Vibrational Spectral Lineshapes of Charge Transfer Complexes

I examine the effect of charge transfer complex formation on vibrational spectral lineshapes. A simple cell model for the liquid is used, together with a generalized Langevin description of the dynamics. I show that a simple three-variable theory can encompass both the interaction induced types of spectral lineshapes found in weak complexes, and the dephasing-broadened lineshapes characteristic of strong complexes.
Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Additions to Cation Radicals of EE Systems

Reactions of cation radicals with various electron-rich species have been the subject of many recent literature reports (1–35) and reviews (36–41). A major focal point of these studies has been the investigation of reactions of nucleophiles and reducing agents with cation radicals derived from substrates which are capable of undergoing multiple, single-electron oxidation processes within the potential window imposed by the reaction environment: $$A\;{A^{ + .}}\; + \;{e^ - }\quad {E_1}$$ (1) $${A^{ + .}}\;{A^{ + + }}\; + \;{e^ - }\quad {E_2}$$ (2) where $${{\rm{E}}_1} < {{\rm{E}}_2}$$ (3)
Simplified Procedure for Court Determination of Disputes Under New York's Civil Practice Law and Rules

Although the Simplified Procedure for Court Determination of Disputes (SPCDD) is not often utilized, its potential for alleviating crowded court dockets merits a critical review. Part I of this Article discusses the history of the SPCDD and describes its provisions. Part II compares the SPCDD with alternative methods of dispute resolution in New York and Part III offers suggestions as to why lawyers are reluctant to take advantage of the simplified procedure. Part IV evaluates the ways in which the SPCDD is particularly compatible with the Individual Assignment System (IAS) and suggests methods for the SPCDD's full implementation.
Field survey of wireless ISM-band channel properties for substation applications

During this field survey, we measured and recorded a few quality parameters of wireless communication in a substation switchyard. A microprocessor-based measurement system was used for data collection and analysis. We investigated long-term noise variation in this specific environment. Based on our measurement and post-processing analysis we conclude that the so-called classic/Bayesian assumption of existing noise distributions appear not to be a suitable all-round model for analysis. Variations in bandwidth occupancy patterns of other wireless devices sharing the same frequency and many other factors necessitate updated measurements and post processing. We noticed dominant underlying structure in noise profiles, which calls for a comprehensive time series analysis. Given the stationarity of the data set and the Wold's theorem, an auto regressive moving average (ARMA) model can be found for the data set with similar behaviors.
Winter home range and habitat use by porcupines in Alaska

Habitat selection results from trade-offs between availability and use of resources under constraints of predation, competition, or other threats, which can vary spatially and temporally. For northern herbivores, winter food availability and quality can limit population size and may drive habitat preference. North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) are widespread generalist herbivores that range from Mexico to the northern reaches of Alaska. During the long Alaskan winter, porcupines deal with high energetic demands resulting from low ambient temperatures while subsisting on low quality forage. We tracked free-ranging porcupines over 3 winters in southcentral Alaska to determine habitat selection and home range size in relation to diet. Porcupines maintained larger than expected home ranges, and selected for conifer-hardwood forests at the home range level. Individual variation among porcupines was too large to determine a pattern of microhabitat selection among trees. Regardless, direct observations revealed that porcupines used only white spruce and paper birch trees for foraging. White spruce may provide some nutritional and thermoregulatory advantage over paper birch; however, porcupines did feed on paper birch cambium, suggesting some nutritional requirement is met by eating paper birch. Porcupines most likely feed on paper birch cambium when detoxification pathways used to process plant toxins in white spruce needles are saturated. Maintaining mixed conifer-hardwood forests in southcentral Alaska would provide suitable winter habitat for porcupines and may alleviate damage to single species stands of conifers or hardwoods that are preferred by commercial forestry operations. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Discovery, synthesis and structure-activity analysis of symmetrical 2,7-disubstituted fluorenones as urea transporter inhibitors

Correction for ‘Discovery, synthesis and structure–activity analysis of symmetrical 2,7-disubstituted fluorenones as urea transporter inhibitors’ by Sujin Lee et al., Med. Chem. Commun., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5md00198f.
Effects of X-rays on Metamorphosis and Adult Life Span of Flour Beetles

IT has been shown that the adult life span is reduced when young mice are irradiated with X-rays1 and when the parasitoid wasp, Habrobracon, is irradiated during the immature stages of its life cycle2–4. Lamb and Maynard Smith5 recently reviewed the reduction of insect life spans by radiation and postulated that radiations shorten life by inducing mutations in somatic cells. When the young pupa is irradiated, it might be expected that any lethal effect of alteration of genetic material due to radiation would be eliminated during the subsequent developmental crises (stages) instead of occurring after the adult stage had successfully developed.
Novel fluorinate non-metal compounds derived from strong oxidizers

Abstract Nearly all fluorochemicals are derived indirectly from CaF 2 , which is the main fluoride source for the production of HF. From HF, the vast majority of all known fluorinated compounds can be synthesized without recourse to elemental fluorine. However, the syntheses of many interesting and important compounds do require elemental fluorine or strong oxidizers requiring elemental fluorine for their syntheses. The latter category has been the focus of our research in fluorine chemistry. Some examples of chemistry which begin with elemental fluorine will be presented. These will include reaction sequences which involve the initial transformations; 1. F 2 to OF to OO, 2. F 2 to ClF to OCl, and 3. F 2 to ClF to NCl. These sequences are the basis for the synthesis of a variety of novel fluorochemicals.
Implementation of Geospatial Data Provenance in a Web Service Workflow Environment With ISO 19115 and ISO 19115-2 Lineage Model

Data provenance, also called data lineage, records the derivation history of a data product. In the earth science domain, geospatial data provenance is important because it plays a significant role in data quality and usability evaluation, data trail audition, workflow replication, and product reproducibility. The generation of the geospatial provenance metadata is usually coupled with the execution of geo-processing workflow. Their symbiotic relationship makes them complementary to each other and promises great benefit once they are integrated. However, the heterogeneity of data and computing resources in the distributed environment constructed under the service-oriented architecture (SOA) brings a great challenge to resource integration. Specifically, the issues, such as the lack of interoperability and compatibility among provenance metadata models and between provenance and workflow, create obstacles for the integration of provenance, and geo-processing workflow. In order to tackle these issues, on one hand, this paper breaks the provenance heterogeneity through recording provenance information in a standard lineage model defined in ISO 19115:2003 and ISO 19115-2:2009 standards. On the other hand, this paper bridges the gap between provenance and geo-processing workflow through extending both workflow language and service interface, making it possible for the automatic capture of provenance information in the geospatial web service environment. The proposed method is implemented in the GeoBrain, a SOA-based geospatial web service system. The testing result from implementation shows that the geospatial provenance information is successfully captured throughout the life cycle of geo-processing workflows and properly recorded in the ISO standard lineage model.
Endometrial Carcinoma in Women Aged 40 Years and Younger

Context.—Endometrial carcinoma is a disease of older postmenopausal women, and is relatively uncommon in patients younger than 40 years. Endometrial carcinomas in this age group may be familial, associated with Lynch syndrome, or sporadic. Objectives.—To present our current knowledge of endometrial carcinomas in women younger than 40 years. Data Sources.—The review is based on previously published articles on this topic. Conclusions.—Most endometrial carcinomas that occur in this age group are associated with estrogen excess. They are usually low-grade endometrioid carcinomas that present at low stages and are associated with favorable clinical outcomes. Tumors associated with mismatch repair abnormalities and Lynch syndrome appear to be distinct, with worse prognostic factors and, possibly, clinical behavior. Conservative hormonal therapy and ovarian conservation are reasonable considerations in the management of these young patients, but carry the risk of tumor progression, recurrence, and an occult syn...
HIV-1 replication and gene expression occur at higher levels in neonatal blood naive and memory T-lymphocytes compared with adult blood cells

Our previous study has shown that HIV-1 replicated at higher levels in neonatal (cord) blood monocytes/macrophages and T-lymphocytes compared with adult blood cells. However, it is not known whether this differential HIV-1 replication also occurs in naive and/or memory T-lymphocytes. We, therefore, compared HIV-1 replication in CD3(+) and CD4(+) naive (CD45RA(+)) and memory (CD45RO(+)) T-lymphocytes isolated from five cord and adult blood donors. We found that HIV-1 replicated at higher levels in both CD3(+) and CD4(+) CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) T-lymphocytes isolated from cord blood compared with adult blood. In addition, there was no difference in the cell surface expression of CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5 on cord blood CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) T-lymphocytes compared with adult blood cells. Furthermore, we found that there was an increase in HIV-1 gene expression in cord blood CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) T-lymphocytes compared with adult blood cells by using a single-cycle replication competent HIV-1-NL4-3-Env(-)R(+) luciferase amphotropic virus, which measures HIV-1 transcriptional activity independent of CD4 and CXCR4 or CCR5 expression. In summary, HIV-1 replicated at higher levels in cord blood CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) T-lymphocytes compared with adult blood cells and this differential replication is influenced at the level of HIV-1 gene expression.
Kinetics of parvovirus replication, cytopathic effects, and mitotic arrest in synchronized bovine fetal spleen cells.

Abstract Initiation of autonomous parvovirus replication depends on the S phase of host cells actively traversing the cell cycle. The parvoviruses Lu III and H-1 inhibit synchronized cells from entering mitosis, implying that parvoviruses rapidly shut down cell cycle traverse during G2 phase. Bovine parvovirus (BPV) did not inhibit the entry into mitosis of hydroxyurea synchronized bovine fetal spleen cells. Mitotic indexes of infected cultures were as much as 60-fold higher than those of mock-infected controls. Mitosis in control and infected cultures peaked at 10 hr after infection corresponding to the end of the BPV eclipse period. Cytopathic changes, including morphological alteration of mitotic chromosomes, were detected in mitotic cells from infected cultures by light and electron microscopy. Arrest of BPV-infected cells in mitosis may explain these results. Not all infected cells were killed in mitosis, since some developed intranuclear inclusions and became pycnotic as nucleated, interphase cells. Inclusion formation was coincident with viral morphogenesis in interphase nuclei at 16 to 18 hr postinfection, late in the viral replication cycle. The cell cycle stage at which parvovirus-infected cells are arrested and cytopathic events ensue may be determined by the cellular progression rate from S phase through G2 and M.
Singular Integro-differential Equations and Product Spaces

Abstract For certain types of integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels we investigate well-posedness in a state space with product space structure. This state space is obtained as the extrapolation space corresponding to the solution semigroup of the problem on a weighted L2-space, where well-posedness has been established recently.
Induction of "low dose" tolerance to a bacterial somatic antigen in neonatal mice.

THE concept of “low dose” tolerance rests on the observation that specific immunological unresponsiveness can be induced by extremely small doses of antigen, sometimes in quantities too small to provoke antibody formation as such1–3. The initial observations were made with soluble serum proteins, which are generally not considered “strong” antigens4,5. Low dose tolerance can be induced also to the highly immunogenic protein antigen derived from Salmonella flagella, as assessed at the level of serum antibody6,7. Furthermore, recent studies at the level of antibody forming cells indicate that immunological tolerance to complex antigens such as sheep erythrocytes and bacterial extracts, as well as to serum proteins or chemical haptens, can be induced in neonatal or adult animals9–14. In this regard, relatively large doses of antigen are reportedly necessary to induce tolerance in adult rodents to a bacterial antigen such as Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For example, 10–15 mg of the LPS is necessary to induce tolerance, as measured by an indirect haemolytic plaque assay with antigen coated sheep erythrocytes15,16. Lower doses of LPS reportedly induce only immunity.
THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF DEOXYGUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (dGTP) IN HERPES SIMPLEX TYPE-1 (HSV-1) INFECTED VERO CELL TREATED WITH ACYCLOVIR (ACV) AND HYDROXYUREA (HU): 109

Purine deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools increased dramatically in HSV-1 infected vero cells treated with ACV. This study quantitatively compares the contributions of the ribonucleotide reductase (RR) and deoxyguanosine salvage pathways for the biosynthesis of dGTP in HSV-1 infected cells. [14C]Guanine introduced 1 hr after infection was readily incorporated into dGTP and HSV DNA. By 6-8 hrs after treatment with ACV at 100 μM, both dATP and dGTP pools increased 7 fold and [14C]dGTP accumulated 32 fold over untreated infected controls. The increase in [14C]dGTP, dGTP and dATP in the presence of ACV was prevented by HU at 10 mM, which inhibits RR. By prelabeling cellular DNA with [5'-3H]deoxyguanosine prior to infection, it was possible to show that salvage of deoxyguanosine, derived from host DNA, was a minor pathway for dGTP syntheis during infection, and that HU had no effect on this process. Greater than 99% of the dGTP in infected ACV treated cells was derived from the guanine ribonucleotide pool through the RR reaction, as compared with <1% of the dGTP being derived from the salvage of endogenous deoxyguanosine formed from [5'-3H]-labeled cellular DNA.
Immune response in human melanoma after transfer of an allogeneic class I major histocompatibility complex gene with DNA–liposome complexes

Analysis of the antitumor immune response after gene transfer of a foreign major histocompatibility complex class I protein, HLA-B7, was performed. Ten HLA-B7-negative patients with stage IV melanoma were treated in an effort to stimulate local tumor immunity. Plasmid DNA was detected within treated tumor nodules, and RNA encoding recombinant HLA-B7 or HLA-B7 protein was demonstrated in 9 of 10 patients. T cell migration into treated lesions was observed and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte reactivity was enhanced in six of seven and two of two patients analyzed, respectively. In contrast, the frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte against autologous tumor in circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes was not altered significantly, suggesting that peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity is not indicative of local tumor responsiveness. Local inhibition of tumor growth was detected after gene transfer in two patients, one of whom showed a partial remission. This patient subsequently received treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from gene-modified tumor, with a complete regression of residual disease. Thus, gene transfer with DNA–liposome complexes encoding an allogeneic major histocompatibility complex protein stimulated local antitumor immune responses that facilitated the generation of effector cells for immunotherapy of cancer.
Screened Lamb shift calculations for lithiumlike uranium, sodiumlike platinum, and copperlike gold.

Calculations of the screened electron self-energy are carried out in local central potentials that approximate a Hartree-Fock potential. The resulting energy corrections are combined with screened vacuum-polarization calculations and used to predict the Lamb shift for n=2 states of lithiumlike uranium, n=3 states of sodiumlike platinum, and n=4 states of copperlike gold. The theoretical values of the screened Lamb shift are found to be in good agreement with values inferred from experiments.
Export of Adenoviral Late mRNA from the Nucleus Requires the Nxf1/Tap Export Receptor

ABSTRACT One important function of the human adenovirus E1B 55-kDa protein is induction of selective nuclear export of viral late mRNAs. This protein interacts with the viral E4 Orf6 and four cellular proteins to form an infected-cell-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. The assembly of this enzyme is required for efficient viral late mRNA export, but neither the relevant substrates nor the cellular pathway that exports viral late mRNAs has been identified. We therefore examined the effects on viral late gene expression of inhibition of the synthesis or activity of the mRNA export receptor Nxf1, which was observed to colocalize with the E1B 55-kDa protein in infected cells. When production of Nxf1 was impaired by using RNA interference, the efficiency of viral late mRNA export was reduced to a corresponding degree. Furthermore, synthesis of a dominant-negative derivative of Nxf1 during the late phase of infection interfered with production of a late structural protein. These observations indicate that the Nxf1 pathway is responsible for export of viral late mRNAs. As the infected-cell-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase targets its known substrates for proteasomal degradation, we compared the concentrations of several components of this pathway (Nxf1, Thox1, and Thoc4) in infected cells that did or did not contain this enzyme. Although the concentration of a well-established substrate, Mre11, decreased significantly in cells infected by adenovirus type 5 (Ad5), but not in those infected by the E1B 55-kDa protein-null mutant Hr6, no E1B 55-kDa protein-dependent degradation of the Nxf1 pathway proteins was observed.
A Comparison of Aggregation/Broadcast Methods and Multicomputer Architectures, and an Examination of the Communication Overhead on the IBM pSeries 655

First, using a simulator, a detailed comparison of the butterfly and direct aggregation/broadcast methods on both hypercube and fully connected multicomputers, both with and without simulation of congestion, is made. Second, the communication overhead an IBMpSeries 655 is examined.
False recognition and the right frontal lobe: A case study

We described a patient, BG, who exhibited a striking pattern of false recognition after an infarction of the right frontal lobe. Seven experiments document the existence of the phenomenon, explore its characteristics, and demonstrate how it can be eliminated. BG showed pathologically high false alarm rates when stimuli were visual words (experiments 1 and 4), auditory words (experiment 2), environmental sounds (experiment 3), pseudowords (experiment 5), and pictures (experiment 7). His false alarms were not merely attributable to the semantic or physical similarity of studied and non-studied items (experiments 4 and 5). However, BG's false recognitions were virtually eliminated by presenting him with categorized stimuli and testing him with new stimuli from non-studied categories (experiments 6 and 7). The results suggest that BG's false alarms may be attributable to an over-reliance on memory for general characteristics of the study episode, along with impaired memory for specific items. The damaged right frontal lobe mechanisms may normally support the monitoring and/or retrieval processes that are necessary for item-specific recognition.
One-Sided estimates for the curvature of the free boundary in the obstacle problem*

Here we use the convention that the curvature of 3I is positive if d2F/dt 2 points in to /2 ,-~ I , where P(t) is a parametrization of 3I. I t has been shown [5, 8, 9] that under rather mild hypotheses 3I admits a parametrization P(t) by a function which is nearly as smooth as ~b itself, only one derivative being lost. However these results do not permit estimation of the curvature of 3I, as it is not possible to obtain a lower bound for [d~/dt [. Indeed it may happen that [d~/dt[ vanishes at certain points, giving rise to cusps in 3I. This possibility was first noticed in the fundamental paper of Lewy and Stampacchia [10], and an explicit example is given in [12]. Nevertheless, Lewy and Stampacchia proved that if such cusps do occur, the region exterior to the cusp (the portion containing an angle of 360 ° ) must be contained
Design of linear ligands for selective separation using a genetic algorithm applied to molecular architecture.

Continuous purification of chemical reaction products through adsorption-based operations during workup may present advantages over batch chromatography or crystallization. In pharmaceutical syntheses, however, the desired product is often structurally similar to byproducts or unconverted reactant, so that identifying a suitable adsorption medium is challenging. We developed an in silico screening process to design organic ligands which, when chemically bound to a solid surface, would constitute an effective adsorption for a pharmaceutically relevant mixture of reaction products. This procedure employs automated molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate potential ligands, by measuring the difference in adsorption energy of two solutes which differed by one functional group. Then, a genetic algorithm was used to iteratively improve a population of such ligands through selection and reproduction steps. This procedure identified chemical designs of the surface-bound ligands that were outside the set we cons...
Mirroring, Mentalizing, and the Social Neuroscience of Listening.

Listening to another speak is a basic process in social cognition. In the social neurosciences, there are relatively few studies that directly bear on listening; however, numerous studies have investigated the neural bases of some of the likely constituents of successful listening. In this article, I review some of this work as it relates to listening, with a focus on two auxiliary processes in the comprehension of speech: perceiving the nonverbal behaviors, such as facial expression, that accompany an utterance (i.e., how it is being said); and interpreting an utterance and the nonverbal behaviors that accompany it in terms of the speaker's state of mind (i.e., why it is being said). The review indicates the presence of two large-scale systems in the human brain that play a major role in successful listening: the putative mirror neuron system, which likely facilitates the relatively automatic perception of the how of speech; and the so-called mentalizing system, which likely underlies our ability to acti...
Intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA encoding cottontail rabbit papillomavirus E1, E2, E6 and E7 induces T cell-mediated but not humoral immune responses in rabbits

To test the efficacy of genetic vaccination against papillomavirus infection, plasmid DNA encoding cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) E1, E2, E6, E7 or without insert were intramuscularly injected into five groups of rabbits. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) showed specific proliferation upon in vitro stimulation with E1, E2, E6 or E7 proteins in a majority of vaccinated rabbits but Western blot analysis did not detect antibodies specific for these viral proteins in rabbit serum. All rabbits grew papillomas after virus challenge and none of the rabbits showed systemic papilloma regression. These observations showed that intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA encoding CRPV E1, E2, E6 or E7 induced CD4+ T cell-mediated but not humoral immune responses, and did not result in the protection of rabbits from virus infection.
Real-Time Visualization of Myocardial Perfusion and Wall Thickening in Human Beings with Intravenous Ultrasonographic Contrast and Accelerated Intermittent Harmonic Imaging

Previous work has demonstrated that at higher peak negative pressures, microbubbles are destroyed by diagnostic ultrasonography. At lower pressures (lower mechanical index), less destruction occurs but enhanced contrast persists. In animals, this lower mechanical index has resulted in enhanced contrast after administration of intravenous microbubbles with intermittent imaging at faster frame rates. We tested whether this accelerated intermittent imaging technique could produce myocardial contrast and detect myocardial perfusion abnormalities in 25 patients (10 with normal wall motion, 15 after myocardial infarction). Three independent reviewers detected persistent myocardial contrast defects within the infarct zone throughout the cardiac cycle in 9 of the 15 patients after acute myocardial infarction; the presence of such defects was predictive of a persistent regional wall motion abnormality at 4-week follow-up. Interobserver agreement on regional contrast enhancement ranged from 88% to 90%. We conclude that accelerated intermittent imaging permits real-time visualization of myocardial blood flow and wall thickening.
Superresolution multispectral imaging polarimetric space surveillance LADAR sensor design architectures

This study consists of the exploitation of novel ladar design principles and architectures aimed at the increasing of the superresolution, and imaging capabilities of the space surveillance ladars for efficient detection, discrimination, and monitoring of space objects and man-made materials detection. Ladar interferometric techniques relying on Vertical- Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) coherent arrays would provide enhanced lightweight imaging solutions, with unsurpassable dynamic range, at low power consumption, remarkable reliability, and reduced cost. The experimental results of this study indicate that the signal-to-noise ratio of backscattered optical signals can be enhanced significantly, by utilizing efficient single-pixel polarimetric techniques; as a result the ladar range accuracy would be improved significantly. In addition, several space materials and man-made materials are shown to exhibit distinct depolarization signatures which can be used to characterize, classify, and identify those materials.
Examining perceptions of peer substance use in friendships of different gender structure

Peer delinquency is nearly always operationalized with an individual's perceptions of his/her peers' behavior rather than the peers' actual behavior. A criticism of these measures is that there is often a discrepancy between the perception of peer behavior and actual peer behavior. The mechanism that is most often discussed regarding the reason underlying misperceptions is ‘projection,’ or the situation when one respondent uses his/her deviant behavior to describe the behavior of his/her friends. Using data from a large sample of friendship pairs in emerging adulthood, we employ self-reported and perceptual measures of substance use to determine how the gender structure of friendship dyads affects the construction of perceptions of a peer's substance use. We examine the projection hypothesis generally, but our specific interest lies in how both the gender of the respondent and the gender composition of the dyad affect the cognitive perception of a close friend's use of drugs. Results indicate that percept...
Measurements of Electric and Magnetic Fields in and Around Homes Near a 500 KV Transmission Line

In response to the public's concern about living near a 500 kV transmission line, Public Service Electric & Gas Company of New Jersey conducted measurements to determine the magnitudes of electric and magnetic fields in and around homes adjacent to the line. Results of the measurements indicated that house walls provided shielding from the electric field and that the electric fields created by house wiring were a significant part of the total field inside the homes.
The determination of total organic halide in water: a comparative study of two instruments.

Abstract Total organic halide (TOX) analyzers are commonly used to measure the amount of dissolved halogenated organic byproducts in disinfected waters. Because of the lack of information on the identity of disinfection byproducts, rigorous testing of the dissolved organic halide (DOX) procedure for method bias is not always possible. This note presents the results of a brief study comparing two commercial TOX analyzers with neutron activation. The purpose was to determine if differential bias exists between the two analyzers, and to determine analyte recovery of adsorbed disinfection byproducts. Disinfection byproducts of aquatic fulvic acid were prepared using the following disinfectants: chlorine, bromine, and monochloramine. Analysis of these samples indicated that the two commercial TOX analyzers gave similar results. Neutron activation analysis suggested that organic chlorine recovery from the activated carbon adsorbent was complete, however results with organic bromine recovery were inconclusive. A...
PtSi/n-type Si Schottky barrier height change by H+ ion implantation near the interface region

PtSi/n-type Si Schottky diodes were implanted with hydrogen ions of 150 keV energy in order for the peak of the hydrogen distribution to be localized near the silicide-semiconductor interface. Following implantation at doses between 1 × 1017 H/cm2 and 5 × 1017 H/cm2, C-V measurements indicated that the barrier height had increased from 0.84 eV to ≈ 1.10 eV. One possible explanation for the increase in barrier height is hydrogen passivation of the surface states at the silicide-silicon interface. I-V measurements indicated that the leakage current had increased by a factor of nearly 10, as compared to the unimplanted case. The samples which had been implanted at a dose of 5 × 1017 H/cm2 were annealed in a nitrogen ambient at 200° C for 30 min, while those implanted at 1 × 1017 H/cm2 were subjected to a “Rapid Thermal Annealing” step at 450° C for 10 s. C-V measurements revealed that the barrier height value had nearly reverted to that of the unimplanted case. In addition, I- V measurements did not show any significant change in the leakage current, therefore most of the damage was observed to be still present following the annealing step. Based upon the fact that the damage had not yet been annealed, and that the barrier height had nearly reverted to its original value, it is proposed that the hydrogen atoms responsible for the increase in the value of the barrier height had diffused out of the interface region upon heat treatment.
A Robust Control System Design.

Abstract : A representation of controllable linear systems is introduced, which permits assigning poles or characteristic parameters to a state feedback system by a matrix multiplication. This is used as a link between state space and classical parameter plane methods. The system representation maps a point in a nxp dimensional parameter space of characteristic parameters into the nxp dimensional parameter space of state feedback gains, where p is the number of actuators. For p counts one the coordinates of the characteristic parameter space are the coefficients of the closed loop characteristic polynomial, for p greater than one they are coefficients in a characteristic polynomial matrix and its determinant is the characteristic polynomial. By this computationally simple mapping procedure it becomes feasible to map not only a fixed set of eigenvalues but also regions in the s or z plane, in which the eigenvalues shall be located. This relaxation of the dynamic specifications permits satisfying other typical design specifications like robustness with respect to sensor and actuator failures, large parameter variations, finite word length implementation, and actuator constraints. All tradeoffs between such requirements can be made in the feedback gain space. Three examples illustrate the variety of problems which can be tackled with this new tool. (Author)
Timing maleic hydrazide sprays to stage of plant development

Maleic hydrazide sprays, 3 pounds per acre, applied at blossom fall gave consistently good sprout control. Sprays at this stage of plant development gave good results to potatoes planted early or late in the season. Maleic hydrazide sprays had no effect on black spot or peeling discoloration. There was no consistent detrimental effect on chipping quality. Late date of planting tended to decrease sprouting and black spot but had no consistent effect on specific gravity.
Response variables in the estimation of relative frequency.

6 groups of 20 Ss each observed a sequential series of digits, 4s and 8s, and judged what proportion (P) of the total was made up by one of the digits. Three kinds of response were used, estimates of percentage, the ratio of one frequency to the other, and the two frequencies themselves. P was varied from .1 to .9, either by holding total frequency constant, or by holding one frequency constant and varying the second. All responses were converted to log ratios, and the relationship of log estimated ratio to log ratio was found to be generally linear. There were significant differences in scales of proportion for the three response modes, and for the two methods of P variation. Percentages, ratios and frequencies gave different slopes, which were possibly a function of an assimilation-contrast effect. Differences due to methods of P variation were thought to result primarily from differences in total frequency at certain levels of P.
Measuring hospital clinical outcomes

Methods matter The proliferation of information about hospital performance is a cause for consternation. We are drawn to data about performance, yet we are wary of their accuracy and reliability. We want information about the results that our acute care organizations achieve, yet we are often skeptical about whether what is important in medicine can be measured well. Among the measures, those related to outcomes have taken center stage.1 Outcomes measures can fully capture the end result of healthcare; they can include all patients within a diagnostic category or even across an institution. In the United States these measures have financial consequences as a result of federal legislation.2 3 4 5 Consequently, hospitals and others affected by outcomes measures have focused intently on the validity of the methods that underlie these metrics. The most common hospital outcomes measures use standardized outcome ratios, generally an observed value divided by an expected value (for example, observed mortality divided by expected mortality). The approach is intended to quantify how a hospital performs relative to other hospitals, after considering differences in case mix and sample size. The product is a ratio of whether …
Robot guidance using computer vision

Abstract This paper describes a procedure for locating an autonomous robot vehicle in a three-dimensional space. The method is an extension of a two-dimensional technique described by Fukui. The method is simple, requires little computation and provides the unique three-dimensional position of the robot relative to a standard mark.
Synthesis of Pt–Pd Core–Shell Nanostructures by Atomic Layer Deposition: Application in Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation to Propylene

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was employed to synthesize supported Pt–Pd bimetallic particles in the 1 to 2 nm range. The metal loading and composition of the supported Pt–Pd nanoparticles were controlled by varying the deposition temperature and by applying ALD metal oxide coatings to modify the support surface chemistry. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy images showed monodispersed Pt–Pd nanoparticles on ALD Al2O3- and TiO2-modified SiO2 gel. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the bimetallic nanoparticles have a stable Pt-core, Pd-shell nanostructure. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the most stable surface configuration for the Pt–Pd alloys in an H2 environment has a Pt-core, Pd-shell nanostructure. In comparison to their monometallic counterparts, the small Pt–Pd bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles exhibited higher activity in propane oxidative dehydrogenation as compared to their physical mixture.
Properties of diamond with varying isotopic composition

Abstract Gem-quality diamonds of varying isotopic composition have been synthesized by sequential application of chemical vapor deposition and high-pressure technologies of diamond growth. The resulting diamond crystals have a high crystal quality, a low defect density and low internal stresses. Their thermal conductivity increases with increasing isotope purity with the maximum thermal conductivities occurring with either isotopically pure 12C or 13C. The thermal conductivity is a symmetric function of isotopic composition with a minimum at 50% 13C. As the isotopic concentration is changed, the interatomic spacing decreases linearly with increasing 13C concentration. The intensity of the first-order Raman line also decreases with increasing 13C concentration. The wavenumber of the first-order Raman line is a monotonic but non-linear function of isotope concentration with the line wavenumber decreasing by 50 cm−1 from pure 12C to pure 13C. The two- and three-phonon absorption bands also move towards lower wave numbers with increasing 13C concentration.
Ultrasonic debridement of calcified pericardium in constrictive pericarditis

Debridement of heavily calcified and adherent pericardium with an ultrasonic surgical aspiration device is described. The device proved to be a useful adjunct to the complete debridement of densely adherent pericardium.
Prevalence of a Vibrio cholerae 18-kDa antigen in vibrios.

An 18-kDa protein that occurs in Vibrio cholerae has been described as an in vivo and low-iron regulated outer membrane antigen. Monoclonal antibodies which recognized this antigen were protective as passive vaccines in the infant rabbit model of cholera disease. In this study, those monoclonal antibodies were used in three immunological assays for surveillance of various bacteria for the 18-kDa antigen. ELISA, and Western blot assays gave variable results with bacteria or outer membrane preparations. The biodot assay was the most sensitive test, detecting the 18-kDa antigen in 29 of 29 V. cholerae strains, independent of biotype or serotype. A few other Gram-negative bacteria and V. parahaemolyicus reacted weakly with our antibodies and antiserum.
Metallothionein/disulfide interactions, oxidative stress, and the mobilization of cellular zinc

Glutathione disulfide, the major cellular disulfide, releases zinc from metallothionein (MT) [W. Maret (1994) Oxidative metal release from metallothionein via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange, Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 237-241]. Here, the interaction of rabbit liver MT-II with other selected biological disulfides (coenzyme A/glutathione mixed disulfide, coenzyme A disulfide, and cystamine) was investigated by measuring concomitant release of radioactive 65-zinc from MT. These disulfides react more rapidly than glutathione disulfide, thus underscoring the reactivity of zinc sulfur bonds in the clusters of MT and the importance of the MT/disulfide interaction as a chemical mechanism for mobilizing zinc from a thermodynamically stable zinc complex. Two implications of these in vitro findings are discussed. (i) Apparently, in the case of zinc which is redox inert, Nature has availed itself of the redox activity of the cysteine ligand to mobilize the metal, and, presumably to permit redox-control of cellular zinc distribution. The mobilization of zinc from MT suggests a possible function of MT as a physiological zinc donor. (ii) A shift of the glutathione redox balance under conditions of oxidative stress will accelerate metal release from MT. Such a disturbance of metal metabolism has important consequences for the progression of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease where oxidative stress occurs in affected brain tissue.
Global corporations and local politics: income redistribution vs. FDI subsidies

Abstract Income inequality has been used empirically to explain the mixed performance of developing countries in attracting FDI. This paper sets up a theoretical model that links the skewness of the income distribution to a host government's willingness to subsidize FDI. Large skewness makes government subsidies less likely because the median income person prefers redistribution. Little skewness, however, does not guarantee FDI. In addition, host governments may switch from positive to no subsidies if a shift in economic variables changes how the policymaker trades off the FDI benefits and income redistribution, thereby offering an alternative to the conventional hold-up story.
A Point Mutation in the Human Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 Reveals an Important Domain for Cellular Trafficking

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are heptahelical integral membrane proteins that require cell surface expression to elicit their effects. The lack of appropriate expression of GPCRs may be the underlying cause of a number of inherited disorders. There is evidence that newly synthesized GPCRs must attain a specific conformation for their correct trafficking to the cell surface. In this study, we show that a single point mutation in human melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (hMCHR1) at position 255 (T255A), which is located at the junction of intracellular loop 3 and transmembrane domain 6, reduces the hMCHR1 cell surface expression level to 20% of that observed for the wild-type receptor. Most of these mutant receptors are located intracellularly, as opposed to the wild-type receptor, which is located primarily on the cell surface. Immunoprecipitation experiments show that hMCHR1-T255A has reduced glycosylation compared with the wild-type receptor and is associated with the chaperone protein, calnex...
“Polyaniline”: Interconversion of Metallic and Insulating Forms

Abstract “Polyaniline” has been synthesized in various forms both chemically and electrochemically in aqueous media. The qulnoid-benzenoid-diimine form, an insulator, is doped by dilute aqueous protonic acids to the metallic regime ([sgrave] = 5 ohm−1cm−1; compressed pellet) to give the corresponding iminium salt. This represents a new type of p-doping phenomenon in a conducting polymer. Both these forms are stable in the presence of air and/or water. The doping process is reversed by treatment with aqueous alkali. Cyclic voltammetry studies in an aqueous electrolyte show excellent reversibility between selected reduced and oxidized forms of polyaniline.
The Systematic Course Development Process: Building a Course in Sustainable Construction for Students in the U.S.A.

Abstract The construction industry actively adopts the concept of sustainability to not only minimize the impact on the environment but also increase social and economic benefits through accepting sustainable design and construction practices. This growing trend in sustainable construction requires both new knowledge and new skills for sustainability, in addition to conventional knowledge, such as scheduling, estimating, contracting, etc. Due to this paradigm change in the construction industry, construction programs in the U.S.A. should offer sustainable construction courses in order to teach sustainable knowledge, technologies and skills to their students before their entrance into industry. The purpose of this study is to develop a sustainable construction course designed for university construction programs using a systematic course development approach divided into three stages including preparation, development, and improvement. The course described in this paper is used to illustrate the systematic...
Fear of success and academic underachievement

Seventy-eight female and 63 male 9th-grade students were administered the revised Horner fantasy-based measure of fear of success. The point biserial correlation between scores of this measure and academic achievement was not significant.
Effect of field shaping on thermal pattern produced by external microwave

Modification of external microwave heating pattern can be useful clinically to reduce undesired coupling to adjacent bone or soft tissues particularly in the head and neck region. A static phantom was used to measure the effect of symmetric and asymmetric shielding of part of the microwave field from a BSD MA 150 microwave applicator. Thermal patterns were altered in a reliable predictable pattern. This method has been used clinically with improved patient tolerance.