cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Action of Alpha-Tocopherol Phosphate on Hemolysis in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

1. The action of alpha-tocopherol phosphate (αTPO4), an anticoagulant, on PNH hemolysis was studied by both in vitro and in vivo means. It was found that the addition of αTPO4 to the modified Ham test inhibited lysis of PNH erythrocytes. During the intramuscular administration of αTPO4, the susceptibility of the erythrocytes to lysis by fresh acidified serum progressively decreased. These cells, after incubation with the serum, gave a positive Coombs test. 2. The possible significance of these findings is briefly discussed. 3. It is concluded that αTPO4 has no therapeutic value in PNH.
Frequencies of Reactive Cells to Autologous Lymphoblastoid Cells in Males with X-Linked Lymphoproliferative Syndrome

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalizes and induces unlimited proliferation of B lymphocytes. An analogue of these in vitro events can be seen in vivo in males with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) who have a genetically determined deficiency in cellular immune functions. In normal subjects, cytotoxic, lymphokine-producing helper, suppressor T cells and NK cells act in concert to control the proliferation of B cells infected by EBV (B-LCL) (1). We studied the frequencies of NK cells and T cells reactive to EBV, by using limiting dilution analyses, in peripheral blood from immunodeficient patients and normal males. We found low number of T cells reactive to autologous B-LCL in seronegative individuals, but 50 to 100 fold higher frequency of these reactive T cells were detected in seropositive subjects: CD4 cells ranged from 1 per 5250 to 13,250 mononuclear cells and CTL ranged from 1 per 103 to 104 mononuclear cells. In contrast, 2 of the 3 patients had normal frequencies of reactive CD4 cells and only 1 had a normal frequency of CTL to autologous B-LCL.
Late Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction Following the Rastelli Operation: Expectations Out to 20 Years

Background:Consensus is lacking regarding the optimal operation for transposition, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis.Methods:Between 1968 and 2012, a total of 76 patients underwent ...
Metabolic Assays for Detection of Neutral Fat Stores

Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous intracellular structures whose formation, growth, and maintenance are highly regulated (Wang et al., 2013; Ranall et al., 2011; Goodman, 2009). Lipid metabolism and droplet dynamics are of considerable interest to agriculture, biofuel production, viral pathology, nutrition, and cancer biology (Walther and Farese, 2009; Liu et al., 2010). Accumulation of fatty acids and neutral lipids in nonadipose tissues is cytotoxic (Kourtidis et al., 2009). BODIPY 493/503 (4,4-Difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-Pentamethyl-4-Bora-3a,4a-Diaza-s-Indacene) is the standard dye to study LDs within adipocytes. BODIPY 493/503 contains a nonpolar structure that, upon binding to neutral lipid, emits a green fluorescence signal with a narrow wavelength range, making it an ideal fluorophore for multi-labeling experiments. The hydrophobic nature of the dye molecules promotes rapid entry into the nonpolar environment of LDs (Listenberge and Brown, 2007). Gocze and Freeman showed that the lipid fluorescent variability is significantly lower when using BODIPY493/503 compared to Nile Red, suggesting that it may be more specific for the LD (Gocze and Freeman, 1994). Here, we describe a BODIPY 493/503 assay for the detection of neural fat stores in cultured cells (Figure 1) (Wang et al., 2013).
A simulation based method for assessing the statistical significance of logistic regression models after common variable selection procedures

Classification models can demonstrate apparent prediction accuracy even when there is no underlying relationship between the predictors and the response. Variable selection procedures can lead to false positive variable selections and overestimation of true model performance. A simulation study was conducted using logistic regression with forward stepwise, best subsets, and LASSO variable selection methods with varying total sample sizes (20, 50, 100, 200) and numbers of random noise predictor variables (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 50). Using our critical values can help reduce needless follow-up on variables having no true association with the outcome.
Loss of macrophage fatty acid oxidation does not potentiate systemic metabolic dysfunction

Fatty acid oxidation in macrophages has been suggested to play a causative role in high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, particularly in the etiology of adipose-driven insulin resistance. To understand the contribution of macrophage fatty acid oxidation directly to metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet-induced obesity, we generated mice with a myeloid-specific knockout of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT2 Mϕ-KO), an obligate step in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. While fatty acid oxidation was clearly induced upon IL-4 stimulation, fatty acid oxidation-deficient CPT2 Mϕ-KO bone marrow-derived macrophages displayed canonical markers of M2 polarization following IL-4 stimulation in vitro. In addition, loss of macrophage fatty acid oxidation in vivo did not alter the progression of high-fat diet-induced obesity, inflammation, macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, or glucose intolerance. These data suggest that although IL-4-stimulated alternatively activated macrophages upregulate fatty acid oxidation, fatty acid oxidation is dispensable for macrophage polarization and high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Macrophage fatty acid oxidation likely plays a correlative, rather than causative, role in systemic metabolic dysfunction.
Making the ‘handmade’ bike and trying to make a living: market objects, field-configuring events and some limits to market making

In line with growing interest in craft and maker economies, I examine the resurgence of handmade bicycle fabricators (“framebuilders”) in the U.S. since the early 2000s. I provide an account of one...
Some thoughts on racial-ethnic groups’ representation in America: comments on the dimensions, issues, and dilemmas

ABSTRACTThis essay presents an overview of an array of various conceptual, empirical, and normative issues regarding “representation” in the U.S. political system, particularly emphasizing racial/ethnic groups and representation. I consider some major questions which have been addressed, how they have been framed and examined, and findings on some of the numerous dimensions and sub-dimensions in political science research on questions, theories, and analyses of representation in several arenas of the political system. As such, the essay will engage several broad concerns which animate intellectual concerns and aspirations which are part of past and contemporary public discourse. I provide only limited original research, however, largely because trying to place some of the issues and research in broader context is as (or more) important at this juncture of American politics and political science inquiry. Complex and difficult issues of gender, race/ethnicity, and related matters regarding authenticity, ide...
Statins alter IL-33-mediated cytokine production in mouse mast cell (HYP4P.315)

Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors widely used to reduce hypercholesterolemia. Recent publications have shown that statins can act as immune suppressors by decreasing pro-inflammatory functions of APCs and T cells. We have found that the statin drug Fluvastatin suppresses IgE-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine release from mast cells, likely by the decreasing prenylation of small G proteins. We extended these studies to the mast cell activator IL-33. Similar to previous studies, Atorvastatin decreased IL-33-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Unexpectedly, we have found that Fluvastatin increased TNF and IL-6 production upon IL-33-activation. This augmentation is dependent on stem cell factor (SCF), since in the absence of SCF Fluvastatin does not increase cytokine production. Suppressing G protein prenylation by treating mast cells with farnesyl protein transferase and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitors did not mimic the effects of Fluvastatin. Furthermore, the product of HMG-CoA reductase, melvalonic acid, was unable to reverse Fluvastatin-mediated inhibition. These data suggest that the pro-inflammatory effects of Fluvastatin are an “off target” effect. Examining the effect of statins in IL-33-activated mast cells will elucidate how innate immunity may be altered by commonly prescribed medications.
The Logical Examination

Those who are tasked with locating, documenting, and extracting potential evidence or artifacts on mobile devices must understand the limitations and various communication types involved in the logical examination. The downside to logical examinations is that they can be limited in what can be extracted and, in most cases, do not contain deleted data. Positive aspects of logical extractions are that the specific item(s) pulled generally needs little to no interpretation. Logical examinations may require devices to be enabled with a specific internal setting, which allows the program to “see” and communicate with the device. Many vendors will utilize an “agent’ or “client,” which may be installed on the target phone to execute a specific supported extraction. Attention Terminal (AT), proprietary Bus transfers such as FBus and MBus, SyncML (Synchronization Markup Language), OBEX (Object Exchange), IRMC (Infrared Mobile Communications), and MTP (Media Transfer Protocol) are just some of the various protocols used to pull logical data.
Vocal markers of motor, cognitive, and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from cognitive impairment and depression in addition to motor dysfunction. These non-motor symptoms may be challenging to diagnose and disentangle from the effects of motor impairment. Analysis of vocal acoustics may improve detection and differentiation of motor, cognitive, and depressive symptom domains simultaneously. Certain vocal markers may be distinctly correlated with specific symptom domains, while other vocal markers may overlap across domains. In this paper, a joint multi-domain characterization of PD symptoms is presented. Speech recordings from 35 PD patients were analyzed for speech markers characterizing articulatory coordination based on resonant (formant) frequencies and delta-mel cepstral coefficients (dMFCC), as well as phonemic timing based on phoneme-dependent speaking rates. Moderate correlations were found between vocal markers and the motor and cognitive symptoms of PD, and weaker correlations with depressive symptoms. Notable differences were identified in the correlation patterns for each symptom domain. Of particular interest, the durations of certain phonemes were correlated with cognitive compared with motor symptom severity. Statistical models, developed based on the vocal markers, achieved moderate accuracy in predicting motor severity (r=0.42) and global cognition (r=0.52) but not depression (r=-0.21). This work suggests it may be possible to distinguish the impact of non-motor PD symptoms on speech. Future study is warranted to further develop symptom-specific vocal marker models in PD.
Assimilation of Biophysical Neuronal Dynamics in Neuromorphic VLSI

Representing the biophysics of neuronal dynamics and behavior offers a principled analysis-by-synthesis approach toward understanding mechanisms of nervous system functions. We report on a set of procedures assimilating and emulating neurobiological data on a neuromorphic very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit. The analog VLSI chip, NeuroDyn , features 384 digitally programmable parameters specifying for 4 generalized Hodgkin–Huxley neurons coupled through 12 conductance-based chemical synapses. The parameters also describe reversal potentials, maximal conductances, and spline regressed kinetic functions for ion channel gating variables. In one set of experiments, we assimilated membrane potential recorded from one of the neurons on the chip to the model structure upon which NeuroDyn was designed using the known current input sequence. We arrived at the programmed parameters except for model errors due to analog imperfections in the chip fabrication. In a related set of experiments, we replicated songbird individual neuron dynamics on NeuroDyn by estimating and configuring parameters extracted using data assimilation from intracellular neural recordings. Faithful emulation of detailed biophysical neural dynamics will enable the use of NeuroDyn as a tool to probe electrical and molecular properties of functional neural circuits. Neuroscience applications include studying the relationship between molecular properties of neurons and the emergence of different spike patterns or different brain behaviors. Clinical applications include studying and predicting effects of neuromodulators or neurodegenerative diseases on ion channel kinetics.
Cross-status interactions: Concerns and consequences

Two studies investigate individuals' concerns about interpersonal interactions when interacting with higher- and lower-status others, and how individuals manage those concerns. Various coping strategies emerge, including hiding status differences between the self and an interaction partner, self-promoting or ingratiating, and specifically cooperating downward. Study 1 shows students' motivation to affiliate with students at both lower- and higher-status universities, by strategically concealing their higher-status identities versus lower-status identities, respectively. With status experimentally manipulated in the laboratory in Study 2, higher-status participants shift their impression-management strategies by ingratiating themselves to their lower-status interaction partners, and shift their behavior by cooperating more than lower-status participants. These studies describe concerns and behavioral consequences involved in interpersonal interactions across social status divides, in particular a tendency ...
Post-arrest therapeutic hypothermia in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease

Abstract Background While therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is an effective neuroprotective therapy for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, TH has not been demonstrated to improve outcome in other pediatric populations. Patients with acquired or congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk of both cardiac arrest and neurodevelopmental impairments, and therapies are needed to improve neurologic outcome. The primary goal of our study was to compare safety/efficacy outcomes in post-arrest CHD patients treated with TH versus controls not treated with TH. Methods Patients with CHD treated during the first 18 months after initiation of a post-arrest TH protocol (temperature goal: 33.5 °C) were compared to historical and contemporary post-arrest controls not treated with TH. Post-arrest data, including temperature, safety measures (e.g. arrhythmia, bleeding), neurodiagnostic data (EEG, neuroimaging), and survival were compared. Results Thirty arrest episodes treated with TH and 51 control arrest episodes were included. The groups did not differ in age, duration of arrest, post-arrest lactate, or use of ECMO-CPR. The TH group’s post-arrest temperature was significantly lower than control’s (33.6 ± 0.2 °C vs 34.7 ± 0.5 °C, p Conclusion Our data show that pediatric CHD patients who suffer cardiac arrest can be treated effectively and safely with TH, which may decrease the incidence of seizures.
DEMOKRASI DAN LINGKUNGAN

Diskusi mengenai kaitan antara kondisi lingkungan dengan pola penyelenggaraan pemerintahan ( governance) mulai menghangat pada tahun 1990an. Bentuk negara moderen yaitu negara kesejahteraan yang diadopsi oleh kebanyakan negara di dunia, menuntut keterlibatan aktif negara dalam segala aspek kehidupan masyarakatnya, termasuk pengelolaan lingkungan. Berdasarkan pemikiran tersebut maka kondisi lingkungan bergantung kepada penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Berdasar pada keterkaitannya tersebut, kebijakan dan hukum lingkungan di dunia saat ini mengarahkan model pemerintahan yang mendukung pengelolaan lingkungan yang baik. Konferensi PBB tentang Lingkungan dan Pembangunan (UNCED), tahun 1992 dan Konvensi Arrhus, tahun 1998 memiliki landasan pemikiran yang sama, bahwa pola pemerintahan yang baik bagi pengelolaan lingkungan adalah pemerintahan yang memastikan adanya partisipasi masyarakat. Dengan demikian keduanya mensyaratkan pemerintahan yang demokratis.
Staging prostate cancer - 1997 : Current methods and limitations

Clinical and pathologic staging of prostate cancer involves determination of the anatomic extent and burden of tumor based on the best available data. The TNM system [primary tumor (T), regional lymph node (N), and metastases (M)] is the most widely used system for prostate cancer staging. It stratifies patients according to the method of tumor detection, separating nonpalpable 'incidental' prostate cancers detected during transurethral resection for clinically benign prostatic hyperplasia and palpable cancers detected by digital rectal examination. This staging system also recognizes nonpalpable cancer detected by an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level or an abnormal transrectal ultrasound image (stage T1c). Current staging is limited by a significant level of clinical understaging (up to 59% in our experience) and overstaging (up to 5%) based on comparison with pathologic examination of resected specimens. Proposed improvements in staging include preoperative systematic biopsies to assess tumor volume, the use of a volume-based prognostic index, and a multiple prognostic index. Currently, staging of prostate cancer falls short of meeting some of these goals, creating controversy and uncertainty about the comparative efficacy of various forms of therapy and expected outcomes for patients. In this report, we evaluate the current aspects of clinical and pathologic staging of prostate cancer with emphasis on the early stages in which there is the greatest chance of cure. Recent international agreement on the pathologic staging of prostate cancer should allow valid comparisons of surgical treatment from different institutions.
The circumsphere as a tool to assess distortion in [4Fe-4S] atom clusters.

The geometry proposition that "four points not in a plane describe one and only one sphere" provides a novel tool for analyzing protein-induced distortions in [4Fe-4S] clusters. A geometrically perfect reference structure comprises interlaced, regular tetrahedra of Fe, S, and Sγ atoms having T d symmetry. Three circumspheres are defined by the three sets of four atoms, the circumcenters of which are unique points within the cluster. The structure is thus re-defined by the positions of the circumcenters in xyz space and the r, θ, φ of each atom on its respective sphere. Analysis of 12 high-resolution structures of protein-bound and small molecule [4Fe-4S](SR)4 clusters revealed: (a) the circumcenters are generally non-coincident by ~0.01 to ~0.06 A; (b) the Fe radius, rFe, is nominally independent of core oxidation state, having values between 1.66 to 1.69 A, whereas rS and rSG, which have ranges of 2.18–2.24 A and 3.87–3.94 A, respectively, both increase by as much as ~3% upon reduction from the 3+ to the 1+ core valence; (c) deviation of some atoms from the θ, φ of a perfect tetrahedron can be large, ~10°, and sets of atoms can show patterns of motion on their spheres that result from changes in Fe-S bond lengths. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the [4Fe-4S] core itself requires rather little energy to distort (~2 kcal/mol), whereas significantly more energy is required to distort the Sγ shell (~4 kcal/mol) to that of cluster I in Clostridium acidurici ferredoxin.
GRCop-42 Development and Hot-fire Testing Using Additive Manufacturing Powder Bed Fusion for Channel-Cooled Combustion Chambers

GRCop-42 is a high conductivity, high-strength dispersion strengthened copper-alloy for use in high heat flux applications such as liquid rocket engine combustion devices. This alloy is part of the family of NASA-developed GRCop, copper-chrome-niobium alloys. GRCop alloys were developed for harsh environments specific to regeneratively-cooled combustion chambers and nozzles with good oxidation resistance. Significant development was completed on the GRCop-84 and GRCop-42 alloys in the extruded wrought form demonstrating feasibility for combustion chambers. NASA has recently developed a process for additive manufacturing, specifically Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) or Selective Laser Melting (SLM), of GRCop-42 to establish parameters, characterize the material, and complete testing of components with complex internal features. This evolution of the GRCop-42 was based on the successful predecessor development work using GRCop-84 with the motivation of establishing a new copper-alloy option for use in NASA, government, and industry programs with SLM. A few advantages have been shown with the GRCop-42 that include higher conductivity and faster build speeds over the GRCop-84, and a simplified powder supply chain. Initial property development has shown that it is possible to produce high density builds with strengths equivalent to wrought GRCop-42 and a conductivity greater than GRCop-84. The GRCop-42 has completed process development and initial properties have been established. Several demonstrator combustion chambers have also been fabricated with the SLM GRCop-42 that include integral channels and closeouts. Additional test units have been fabricated and are completing substantial hot-fire testing to demonstrate performance of the material, process, and design.
Staging Laparotomy and Oophorectomy for Malignancy

This chapter describes the endoscopic/surgical procedure for staging laparotomy and oophorectomy for malignancy. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: laparotomy, collection of intraperitoneal fluid, anatomic assessment (omentum, peritoneum, reproductive organs, and nodal basins), and closure.
A critical look at Chinese ‘debt-trap diplomacy’: the rise of a meme

In 2017, a meme was born in a think tank in northern India: Chinese ‘debt-trap diplomacy’. This meme quickly spread through the media, intelligence circles and Western governments. Within 12 months...
Development of the FMO/RI-MP2 Fully Analytic Gradient Using a Hybrid-Distributed/Shared Memory Programming Model.

The fully analytic gradient of the second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with the resolution-of-the-identity (RI) approximation in the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) framework is ...
Plasma Tumor Mutation Burden and Response to Pembrolizumab-Response.

We thank Xue and colleagues for their interest and insight into the findings from our recent article. To summarize, in an earlier analysis, we reported that patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer, with plasma tumor mutational burden (pTMB) ≥16 mutations per megabase (mut/Mb), had
Teaching Culturally Relevant Science in Virtual Reality: “When a Problem Comes, You Can Solve It with Science”

Virtual reality (VR) in science classrooms has the potential to enhance students’ learning by bridging the knowledge in the learners’ communities with science instruction. When virtual environments...
Allies, Antagonists, or Ambivalent? Exploring Latino Attitudes about the Black Lives Matter Movement:

While many Latinos suffer the injustices of racial profiling at the hands of law enforcement and immigration officials, differences in immigration status, racial identity, contact with the Black co...
Direct Observation of Ring Polymer Dynamics in the Flow-Gradient Plane of Shear Flow

Ring polymers are a unique class of macromolecules that lack free ends and show qualitatively different dynamics compared to linear chains. Despite recent progress, the nonequilibrium flow behavior...
Beneficial effects of a high protein breakfast on fullness disappear after a night of short sleep in nonobese, premenopausal women.

Abstract As insufficient sleep and obesity become more widespread, finding strategies to overcome changes in appetite and food cravings after sleep reduction is imperative. This study examined the effects of a high-protein (HP) and high-carbohydrate (HC) breakfast on appetitive sensations, food cravings, and dietary intake after nights of habitual (HS) and curtailed sleep (CS). Twenty-seven non-obese, premenopausal women who reported routinely eating breakfast participated in this randomized crossover study. Participants completed 4 laboratory visits with different combinations of sleep and breakfast conditions. Sleep was reduced by 33% on curtailed nights. At each visit, appetitive sensations were measured before breakfast and every 30 min thereafter throughout the 4-hour visit; area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Food cravings were assessed before and 3.5 h after breakfast. Intake of ad libitum lunch and daily dietary intake were measured. Regardless of the breakfast condition, CS increased hunger (p = 0.043) and desire to eat (p = 0.044) and decreased fullness (p = 0.035). The HP breakfast increased fullness AUC after HS (p = 0.022) but not CS. Regardless of the sleep condition, the changes in food cravings scores were significantly different based on breakfast condition (p = 0.009), with food cravings increased after the HC breakfast and decreased after the HP breakfast. However, breakfast condition did not influence hunger or desire to eat AUC after either sleep condition. Neither the breakfast condition nor the sleep condition influenced lunch and daily energy intake. In conclusion, it appears protein reduces food cravings regardless of sleep condition in this population but obtaining sufficient sleep is necessary to benefit from the effects of high protein intake on fullness.
Association of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Women Veterans.

Importance Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with greater risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in predominantly male populations or limited community samples. Women veterans represent a growing, yet understudied, population with high levels of trauma exposure and unique cardiovascular risks, but research on PTSD and IHD in this group is lacking. Objective To determine whether PTSD is associated with incident IHD in women veterans. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of the national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic medical records, the a priori hypothesis that PTSD would be associated with greater risk of IHD onset was tested. Women veterans 18 years or older with and without PTSD who were patients in the VHA from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017, were assessed for study eligibility. Exclusion criteria consisted of no VHA clinical encounters after the index visit, IHD diagnosis at or before the index visit, and IHD diagnosis within 90 days of the index visit. Propensity score matching on age at index visit, number of prior visits, and presence of traditional and female-specific cardiovascular risk factors and mental and physical health conditions was conducted to identify women veterans ever diagnosed with PTSD, who were matched in a 1:2 ratio to those never diagnosed with PTSD. Data were analyzed from October 1, 2018, to October 30, 2020. Exposures PTSD, defined byInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision(ICD-9), orInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision(ICD-10), diagnosis codes from inpatient or outpatient encounters. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident IHD, defined as new-onset coronary artery disease, angina, or myocardial infarction, based onICD-9andICD-10diagnosis codes from inpatient or outpatient encounters, and/or coronary interventions based onCurrent Procedural Terminologycodes. Results A total of 398 769 women veterans, 132 923 with PTSD and 265 846 never diagnosed with PTSD, were included in the analysis. Baseline mean (SD) age was 40.1 (12.2) years. During median follow-up of 4.9 (interquartile range, 2.1-9.2) years, 4381 women with PTSD (3.3%) and 5559 control individuals (2.1%) developed incident IHD. In a Cox proportional hazards model, PTSD was significantly associated with greater risk of developing IHD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.38-1.50). Secondary stratified analyses indicated that younger age identified women veterans with PTSD who were at greater risk of incident IHD. Effect sizes were largest for those younger than 40 years at baseline (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.55-1.93) and decreased monotonically with increasing age (HR for ≥60 years, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.38). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that PTSD was associated with increased risk of IHD in women veterans and may have implications for IHD risk assessment in vulnerable individuals.
Firearms and Home-Based ABA Services: Considerations for Safe Practice

Providers of applied behavior analysis (ABA) services often deliver therapeutic interventions within their clients’ homes. Although the home environment offers numerous advantages for consumers, it can also pose unique threats to provider health and safety. When an unsecured firearm is discovered in the home of a client, service providers and agencies may not have the necessary knowledge to respond immediately to the situation nor how to ensure a safe therapeutic environment prior to the reinstatement of ABA services. This article aims to discuss strategies that agencies and service providers can use to reestablish a safe environment when they discover an unsecured firearm in the home. The authors will review federal guidelines, the Behavior Analyst Certification Board’s Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts, offer suggestions for company policies, and discuss areas for skill building with caregivers and clients.
Psycho-physiological impedance matching through holistic closed-loop cyber-physical systems

When navigating through the day, people engage in a range of activities that each require context-specific tuning of mental and physical states for optimum performance. Typically an individual is exposed to both favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions to achieve their objectives. In this paper we define a framework that characterizes individual psycho-physiological states and provides some insights towards efficiently navigating these states using embedded actuators. We propose that by monitoring an individuals environment and digital biomarkers we can support the appropriate maintenance of, and transition between psycho-physical states that would allow us to support an individual's overall health and comfort in a holistic manner. Here we provide an application case study to illustrate our framework.
Equipping soldiers to benefit from goal-focused leadership: The moderating effects of non-discriminatory leader behaviors and workgroup cohesion

We apply the Job Demands-Resources model to explicate how two contextual factors (nondiscriminatory leadership behavior and cohesion) may equip subordinates to benefit from the leadership style of ...
Video Imaging Devices, Cameras, and Monitors

In this chapter we will examine some basic characteristics of video imaging devices, cameras, and monitors. The video imaging devices, or sensors, include the vidicons and related camera tubes, the highly sensitive image-intensifier tubes, and the compact solid-state pickup devices. The imaging devices are usually packaged as an integral part of the video camera. In some instrumentation cameras, one can choose from among several tube types.
An exploration of factors influencing lotic insect species richness

An understanding of factors that influence species richness of lotic insects is generally lacking. We present comparative data on aquatic insect species richness from several North American and other streams. Factors such as large sample numbers and drainage area (species area relationships) are not significant predictors of species richness across the streams we examined. We explore several hypotheses regarding the origins and maintenance of species richness using Upper Three Runs Creek (UTR), South Carolina, USA, as a reference stream. UTR has the highest species richness of any stream in the Western Hemisphere. Hypotheses examined included historical, regional and local processes such as: (1) Evolutionary time, (2) disturbance regime/environmental variability, (3) temperature/evolutionary-speed, (4) productivity, and (5) habitat heterogeneity. Of these hypotheses, we suggest that productivity and habitat heterogeneity appear to contribute most to the high species richness found in UTR. We believe that multidisciplinary analysis of other streams is necessary because without this crucial information our knowledge of, and desire to protect biodiversity in streams will be wanting.
Quaternary deformation and fault structure in the Northern Mississippi Embayment as imaged by near-surface seismic reflection data

Seismicity in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) in the central United States constrains the location of present deformation at depth along four main distinct arms, while the surface expression of the ongoing deformation is still unclear. To better constrain the surface deformation in the NMSZ, we integrate existing seismic reflection data with a new ~300 km-long high-resolution seismic reflection profile acquired along the Mississippi River from Cape Girardeau, MO, to Caruthersville, MO. Based on the data, we interpret the Reelfoot Thrust and the New Markham Fault as upward splays of a blind master fault defined by the seismicity and extending at depth farther north. To the south, two faults, the Axial Fault and the Cottonwood Grove Fault, are imaged above the southern arm of the NMSZ. Both fault display deformation of the Paleozoic through the Tertiary sediments, and a relief of ~20–25 m at the base of the Quaternary alluvium, which we interpret as the result of strike-slip motion along a complex fault plane geometry. We propose two alternative interpretations for the relationship between the shallow faults and the seismicity in this area: (1) the faults merge at depth and are presently both active and (2) the faults are distinct at depth and were active during the Quaternary and only the Axial Fault is presently deforming. Geological structures mapped at the surface as part of this study show that Quaternary deformation is accommodated along a fault network that is more complex than the simple four-arm system illuminated by the seismicity, a behavior predicted by analog and computer models.
MIMO radar imaging of targets behind multilayered walls using compressive sensing

In this work we present some of our recent work on using compressive sensing (CS) in radar imaging of targets behind multilayered walls using a combination of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) radar and compressive sensing (CS). To account for the wall effects, the layered media Green's functions are used in forming the image. The sparseness of the target space is then exploited through the use of CS to achieve a less cluttered and high resolution image with far fewer antennas and frequency point measurements. Results are presented to show the effectiveness of the method.
Humanities Research, Book Digitization, and the Problem of Linguistic Change

The good news is that millions of books have been digitized and are freely available over the Internet.Â The bad news is also that millions of books have been digitized and are freely available over the Internet.Â Linguistic change presents one of the greatest hurdles to information retrieval in databases of digitized books because keyword searching of digitized materials does not guarantee discoverability.Â This article examines the problem of linguistic change in humanities research in full-text databases and describes the innovative solution offered by two proprietary library content providers. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
Globalization from Below: Free Software and Alternatives to Neoliberalism

This article explores one of the central struggles over the politics of globalization: forging alternatives to neoliberalism by developing new forms of globalization from below. It focuses on a unique facet of this struggle, rooted in the centrality of information technologies for global trade and production, as well as new forms of media and digital culture. The analysis has four main parts: examining the key role of software as a technological infrastructure for diverse forms of globalization; conceptualizing the contradictory implications of three software business models for realizing the utopian potential of digital technology to develop forms of globalization from below; exploring how three free and open source software business models were put into practice by Red Hat, IBM and the Free Software Foundation; and analysing Brazilian software policy as a form of globalization from below that challenges the historical dominance of the global North and seeks to develop new forms of digital inclusion and digital culture.
3D Modeling by Scanning Physical Modifications

3D shape design tends to be a long and tedious process, with the design of a detailed 3D part usually requiring multiple revisions. Fabricating physical prototypes using low cost 3D fabrication technologies at intermediate stages of the design process is now a common practice, which helps the designer discover errors, and to incrementally refine the design. Most often, implementing the required changes directly in the computer model, within the 3D modeling software, is more difficult and time consuming than modifying the physical model directly using hand cutting, caving and sculpting tools, power tools, or machine tools. When one of the two models is modified, the changes need to be transferred to the other model, a process we refer to as synchronization. Changes made to the computer model can be transferred to the physical model by 3d printing a new physical model. In this paper, we address the problem of synchronizing the computer model to changes made in the physical model by 3D scanning the modified physical model, automatically detecting the changes, and updating the computer model. The proposed process comprises algorithms to: 1) register each 3D scan with a previous 3D scan and/or with the 3D representation used by the 3D modeling software, 2) detect the changes (subtractive and/or additive), and 3) perform the changes on the 3D computer model.
The Story of Ruth and Boaz: A Paradigm for Today’s CEO

The authors show how the Book of Ruth can be used to illustrate the ideal way to run a big organization. Boaz, one of the major characters in the story, is an affluent businessperson who demonstrates moral leadership in the way he runs his business. In particular, the kindness he demonstrates to Ruth, the Moabite stranger, provides an important lesson in how to treat people. Other lessons that can be derived from this story are discussed.
Ohm's Law at strong coupling: S duality and the cyclotron resonance

We calculate the electrical and thermal conductivities and the thermoelectric coefficient of a class of strongly interacting 2+1-dimensional conformal field theories with anti-de Sitter space duals. We obtain these transport coefficients as a function of charge density, background magnetic field, temperature, and frequency. We show that the thermal conductivity and thermoelectric coefficient are determined by the electrical conductivity alone. At small frequency, in the hydrodynamic limit, we are able to provide a number of analytic formulas for the electrical conductivity. A dominant feature of the conductivity is the presence of a cyclotron pole. We show how bulk electromagnetic duality acts on the transport coefficients.
Directional forecasts of GDP and inflation: a joint evaluation with an application to Federal Reserve predictions

Many studies have undertaken separate analyses of the Fed's forecasts of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and inflation. This article presents a method for jointly evaluating the direction of change predictions of these variables. We conclude that some of the inflation forecasts, examined separately, were not valuable. However, the joint pattern of GDP and inflation projections was generally in accord with the economy's movements. ‘… directional forecasting … is now an increasingly popular metric for forecasting performance….’ (Pesaran and Timmermann, 2004, 414)
Coupled-resonator vertical-cavity laser

The monolithic integration of coupled resonators within a vertical cavity laser opens up new possibilities due to the unique ability to tailor the interaction between the cavities. The authors report the first electrically injected coupled resonator vertical-cavity laser diode and demonstrate novel characteristics arising from the cavity coupling, including methods for external modulation of the laser. A coupled mode theory is used model the output modulation of the coupled resonator vertical cavity laser.
Detailed modeling and response of demand response enabled appliances

Proper modeling of end use loads is very important in order to predict their behavior, and how they interact with the power system. This includes voltage and temperature dependencies, power system and load control functions, and the complex interactions that occur between devices in such an interconnected system. This paper develops multi-state time variant residential appliance models with demand response enabled capabilities in the GridLAB-D TM simulation environment. These models represent not only the baseline instantaneous power demand and energy consumption, but the control systems developed by GE Appliances to enable their appliances to respond to demand response signals and the change in behavior of the appliance in response to the signal. The DR enabled appliances are simulated to estimate the capability of smart appliances to reduce peak demand and energy consumption during grid events.
Evidence against a genetical component to performance on IQ tests.

Eaves and Jinks1 have failed to note the significance of Scarr-Salapatek's2 data, which provides important evidence against the heritability of IQ performance. A straightforward overall evaluation of this study, together with a review of evidence3–7 which Eaves and Jinks consider to be more secure in establishing a genetical component to IQ performance shows that: (1) the upper limit of IQ heritability in Scarr-Salapatek's study is 15%±6%. This is consistent with zero heritability and directly contradicts the higher figures claimed by other studies3–7; (2) other studies5–7 which use identical-fraternal comparisons to derive apparently higher upper limits to heritability do not take into account the more similar treatment frequently given to identical twins. When this is adjusted for, these studies are consistent with low or zero heritability; (3) the similarity between separated identical twins, used by Jinks and Fulker3 to derive an 80% heritability estimate, can be quantitatively accounted for by highly correlated placement (ref. 8 and L. J. Kamin, Invited Address, Eastern Psychological Association, Washington DC, March 1973) with little or no genetical component.
Liquid—Solid Phase Equilibria in the Hydrogen—Deuterium System

The phase behavior of mixtures of parahydrogen and normal deuterium, in the liquid and solid states, has been investigated. The calorimetric data show a continuous range of solid solutions from 8°K to the melting points. In the liquid—solid two‐phase region the system can be characterized by a continuous series of liquid and solid solutions. The experimental data show no evidence of the phase separation in the solid state previously reported by Kogan, Lazarev, and Bulatova.
Financial liberalization and patterns of international portfolio holdings

International financial markets during the past several decades have been characterized by a significant rise in gross international capital flows, increased prominence of nontraditional financial institutions, and globalization of the banking sector. We utilize a 155-country panel framework to present new evidence that financial liberalization is related to reallocation of financial capital around the world. More specifically, we find that deregulation is associated with greater stocks of cross-border financial assets, overall net international indebtedness, and a net portfolio characterized by equity assets and debt liabilities.
Childhood Psychopathology in Children from Families of Alcoholic Female Probands

Objective To determine the prevalence of DSM-III disorders among children who had been selected for study based on their maternal family history of alcoholism (either multigenerational alcoholism in the case of the high-risk group or no alcohol dependence in first- and second-degree relatives in the case of the control children).
Regulation of the murine α2(I) collagen promoter by retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors

Abstract Retinoic acid decreases collagen production by hepatic stellate cells. This study investigated the effects of retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) on the regulation of the α 2 (I) collagen promoter. Retinoic acid and the RARβ and RXRα expression vectors suppressed the promoter in transfected stellate cells with maximal suppression obtained when combined. Mutation of the retinoic acid response element (RARE) at −879 to −874 (site 1) enhanced promoter activity and diminished but did not eliminate the suppression by RARβ and RXRα. Mutation of another RARE site (site 2), at −930 to −911, resulted in low activity that was inhibited by retinoic acid. Mutation of the AP-2-binding site enhanced promoter activity that was inhibited by retinoic acid. This study shows that the suppressive effect of retinoic acid on the promoter is maximal with a combination of RARβ and RXRα and occurs at more than one RARE site. The effect of retinoic acid is not mediated by AP-2.
VisTrails SAHM: visualization and workflow management for species habitat modeling

The Software for Assisted Habitat Modeling (SAHM) has been created to both expedite habitat modeling and help maintain a record of the various input data, pre- and post-processing steps and modeling options incorporated in the construction of a species distribution model through the established workflow management and visualization VisTrails software. This paper provides an overview of the VisTrails:SAHM software including a link to the open source code, a table detailing the current SAHM modules, and a simple example modeling an invasive weed species in Rocky Mountain National Park, USA.
The study for close correlation of mask and wafer to optimize wafer field CD uniformity

As device pattern size is shrinking to below 65nm on wafer, the small amount of CD variation on wafer field determine the wafer yield. Most of the wafer field CD variations come from mask CD variations across mask field. By correction of dose and transmittance on mask using wafer field CD variation, wafer CD uniformity can be extremely enhanced. To get fine correction of wafer field CD uniformity, we have developed various methods to get close correlation of mask and wafer field CD uniformity by SEM, scatterometry and area CD methods. Especially, area CD from CD-SEM and optical CD measurement tools are developed to represent each area of masks. By optimizing measurement methods, repeatability and correlation of CD uniformity between masks and wafers are enhanced to get more than 0.7 of correlation between mask and wafer. And these give us the correction method to compensate field CD variation of maskCD on wafer. More than mask CD uniformity requirement on 65nm tech of DRAM memory device has been achieved.