cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland in Pediatric and Adult Patients: Value of Multiple Lesions as a Diagnostic Indicator

OBJECTIVE. Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland is a significant problem. Rates have been as high as 40% in some series of patients who have undergone surgery for the primary lesion. In the imaging literature, anecdotal case reports show multiple lesions in recurrent pleomorphic adenoma. Our aim was to analyze the imaging of a series of patients to determine the reliability of multiple lesions as a tool in diagnosing recurrent disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Medical records of the patients with recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland referred to our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Before the second surgery, MR imaging had been performed in 15 patients. We retrospectively reevaluated and scored the MR imaging studies with particular attention paid to the location and number of the lesions and the remaining parotid gland tissue.RESULTS. On the basis of imaging findings, eight patients underwent enucleation, superficial parotidectomy had been performed in four patients, and...
HLA-encoded susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is determined by DR and DQ genes as well as their linkage disequilibria in a Chinese population.

Abstract HLA- DRB1 and - DQB1 genes were analyzed in 98 Chinese IDDM patients and 205 control subjects from Taiwan. The DRB1 ∗ 0301-DQB1 ∗ 0201 haplotype conferred strong susceptibility (RR = 7.7, p c ∗ 0405 also conferred susceptibility (RR = 3.1, p c ∗ 0403 (RR = 0.7) and DRB1 ∗ 0406 (RR = 0.2) conferred protection. Indeed, the relative risk for the DRB1 ∗ 0405-DQB1 ∗ 0302 haplotype (RR = 33.7, p c ∗ 0403-DQB1 ∗ 0302 and DRB1 ∗ 0406-DQB1 ∗ 0302 haplotypes, respectively, suggesting that the protection conferred by DRB1 ∗ 0403 and 0406 is dominant over DQB1 ∗ 0302. The strong linkage disequilibrium observed between DQB1 ∗ 0302 and DRB1 ∗ 0403(0406) can thus explain the surprising finding that the frequency of DQB1 ∗ 0302 was not significantly increased in the Chinese IDDM patients (RR = 0.9). Because the DRB1 ∗ 0405-DQB1 ∗ 0302 haplotype (RR = 33.7) conferred higher susceptibility than the DRB1 ∗ 0405-DQB1 ∗ 0401 (RR = 2.5) or DRB1 ∗ 0405-DQB1 ∗ 0301 (RR = 2.1) haplotypes, DQB 1 ∗ 0302 is indeed a susceptibility factor, while both DQB1 ∗ 0301 and DQB1 ∗ 0401 may confer protection against IDDM. The increased frequency of the protective DQB1 ∗ 0401 allele in patients compared to controls is due to linkage disequilibrium between DRB1 ∗ 0405 and DQB1 ∗ 0401. Interestingly, the previously demonstrated protective effect of DQB1 ∗ 0602 was not very strong in the Chinese (RR = 0.4). Our results suggested that HLA-encoded susceptibility to IDDM is determined by the combined effects of all DR and DQ molecules present in an individual. Therefore, the genotypic combinations of DR and DQ genes as well as their linkage disequilibria can influence IDDM susceptibility. At least four DR and DQ molecules conferring high susceptibility (DRB1 ∗ 0301, DRB1 ∗ 0405, and DQ α β 0301 0201 and 0301 0302 ) occur at high frequency in the Chinese population. However, linkage disequilibria between highly susceptible DR and protective DQ or vice versa (e.g., DRB1 ∗ 0405-DQB1 ∗ 0301(0401] and DRB1 ∗ 0403[0406]-DQB1 ∗ 0302) are probably responsible for the lower incidence of IDDM in the Chinese.
Modeling Repeated Functional Observations

We introduce a new methodological framework for repeatedly observed and thus dependent functional data, aiming at situations where curves are recorded repeatedly for each subject in a sample. Our methodology covers the case where the recordings of the curves are scheduled on a regular and dense grid and also situations more typical for longitudinal studies, where the timing of recordings is often sparse and random. The proposed models lead to an interpretable and straightforward decomposition of the inherent variation in repeatedly observed functional data and are implemented through a straightforward two-step functional principal component analysis. We provide consistency results and asymptotic convergence rates for the estimated model components. We compare the proposed model with an alternative approach via a two-dimensional Karhunen-Loeve expansion and illustrate it through the analysis of longitudinal mortality data from period lifetables that are repeatedly observed for a sample of countries over ma...
Optimization of nonthermal fusion power consistent with channeling of charged fusion product energy

If the energy of charged fusion products can be diverted directly to fuel ions, non-Maxwellian fuel ion distributions and temperature differences between species will result. To determine the importance of these nonthermal effects, the fusion power density is optimized at constant-β for nonthermal distributions that are self-consistently maintained by channeling of energy from charged fusion products. For D-T and D-3He reactors, with 75% of charged fusion product power diverted to fuel ions, temperature differences between electrons and ions increase the reactivity by 40–70%, while non-Maxwellian fuel ion distributions and temperature differences between ionic species increase the reactivity by an additional 3–15%.
Number of ouabain-binding sites in fibroblasts from normal subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis.

ONE of the characteristics of cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disease, is a defect in the net sodium transport in the eccrine glands resulting in an increased concentration of sodium in the sweat1. This defect has yet to be characterised as an extrinsic and/or intrinsic phenomenon. Mangos and McSherry2 demonstrated an unidentified factor in the sweat from CF patients which inhibited sodium reabsorption in the rat parotid duct after retrograde perfusion. The relationship of the sweat factor to factors observed in saliva3 and sera4,5 of CF patients has yet to be elucidated.
Tyrosine Sulfation of the Amino Terminus of CCR5 Facilitates HIV-1 Entry

Chemokine receptors and related seven-transmembrane-segment (7TMS) receptors serve as coreceptors for entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV) into target cells. Each of these otherwise diverse coreceptors contains an N-terminal region that is acidic and tyrosine rich. Here, we show that the chemokine receptor CCR5, a principal HIV-1 coreceptor, is posttranslationally modified by O-linked glycosylation and by sulfation of its N-terminal tyrosines. Sulfated tyrosines contribute to the binding of CCR5 to MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, and HIV-1 gp120/CD4 complexes and to the ability of HIV-1 to enter cells expressing CCR5 and CD4. CXCR4, another important HIV-1 coreceptor, is also sulfated. Tyrosine sulfation may contribute to the natural function of many 7TMS receptors and may be a modification common to primate immunodeficiency virus coreceptors.
Entanglement with classical fields

We experimentally demonstrate a simple classical-field optical heterodyne method which employs postselection to reproduce the polarization correlations of a four-particle entangled state. We give a heuristic argument relating this method to the measurement of multiple quantum fields by correlated homodyne detection. We suggest that using multiple classical fields and postselection, one can reproduce the polarization correlations obtained in quantum experiments which employ multiple single-photon sources and linear optics to prepare multiparticle entangled states. Our experimental scheme produces four spatially separated beams which are separately detected by mixing with four independent optical local oscillators (LO) of variable polarization. Analog multiplication of the four beat signals enables projection onto a four-particle polarization-state basis. Appropriate band pass filtering is used to produce a signal proportional to the projections of the maximally entangled four-field polarization state, $\ensuremath{\mid}{H}_{1})\ensuremath{\mid}{H}_{2})\ensuremath{\mid}{H}_{3})\ensuremath{\mid}{H}_{4})+\ensuremath{\mid}{V}_{1})\ensuremath{\mid}{V}_{2})\ensuremath{\mid}{V}_{3})\ensuremath{\mid}{V}_{4})$, onto the product of the four LO polarizations. Since the data from multiple observers is combined prior to postselection, this method does not constitute a test of nonlocality. However, we reproduce the polarization correlations of the 32 elements in the truth table from the quantum mechanical Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger experiments on the violation of local realism. We also demonstrate a form of classical entanglement swapping in a four-particle basis.
Synthesis and characteristics of non-stoichiometric nanocrystalline cerium oxide-based catalysts

Abstract Nanocrystalline materials are associated with high surface area and reactivity. Gas condensation techniques have been developed to synthesize such systems with a unique control of stoichiometry and dispersion. The high concentrations of oxygen vacancies and surface adsorbed species in nanocrystalline CeO2−x were found to greatly enhance catalytic activity in SO2 reduction and CO oxidation. By having an ultrahigh dispersion of Cu on nanocrystalline CeO2−x, we have further demonstrated the possibility of tailoring intimate synergistic effects between different components in a nanocomposite material. The resulting supported base metal system has an unusually high thermal stability and could selectively catalyze SO2 reduction and CO oxidation at significantly lower temperatures (420 °C and 80 °C, respectively). The high redox activity of the nanocrystalline CeO2−x-based system is tied to the microstructure, surface chemistry, and electrical conductivity of this advanced catalyst.
Assassination: A brief exegesis

A brief overview of the uses of the words assassination and assassinate in the English language.
Apoptosis recruits two-pore domain potassium channels used for homeostatic volume regulation

Cell shrinkage is an incipient hallmark of apoptosis and is accompanied by potassium release that decreases the concentration of intracellular potassium and regulates apoptotic progression. The pla...
Potential candidates for ischemic preconditioning-associated vascular growth pathways revealed by antibody array.

Our understanding of the phenomenon of myocardial vascular growth is very limited even though various studies have been conducted in several different models, because the focus in each has been on ...
Job Satisfaction of Iowa Public School Principals

The purpose of this study was to examine the job satisfaction of Iowa public school principals and contrast the job satisfaction to the perceptions six years previously. The population for the 1999 and 2005 study was a sample of principals from Iowa K-12 schools. The study revealed significant differences in overall job satisfaction, in gender of the principals, years served as a principal, and type of schools in both studies. No significant differences were found for years served in present position. The results indicated that principals were overall more satisfied in the 2005 than they were in 1999. The findings confirmed that principals spent more time on the management of their schools than on leadership tasks. Principals were more satisfied with hygiene factors than with motivators in both studies.
Quaternary Voltage-Mode Logic Cells and Fixed-Point Multiplication Circuits

Fixed-point multiplication architectures are designed and evaluated using a set of logic cells based on a radix-4, quaternary number system. The library of logic circuits is based on Field Effect Transistors (FETs) that have different voltage threshold levels. The resulting logic cell library is sufficient to implement all possible quaternary switching functions. The logic circuits operate in voltage mode where different ranges of voltages encode the logic levels. Voltage mode circuitry is used to minimize overall power dissipation characteristics. Analysis of the resulting multiplication circuits indicates that power dissipation characteristics are advantageous when compared to equivalent word-sized binary voltage mode configurations with no decrease in performance.
Hmong American adolescents' perceptions of mothers' parenting practices: Support, authority, and intergenerational agreement.

Twenty-four Hmong American adolescents participated in individual interviews regarding their percep- tions of mothers' parenting practices. A content analysis revealed a set of nine parenting practices that were represented in the responses. The adolescents talked about supportive parenting practices that included caretaking, positive communication, acceptance, and involvement. The adolescents also talked about parental assertions of authority that included high expectations for achievement, family obligations, and supervision. Less commonly discussed were the categories of psychological autonomy and inter- generational support. This study captured youth perceptions of family interactions, which revealed a range of parenting practices that represent Hmong American mothers. The Asian American population experienced the largest growth of any other ethnic group in the past decade (46%; United States Census Bureau, 2010). With nearly a quarter of the population comprised of children under the age of 18, the nature of Asian American parenting and child development is an important topic of research. Mainstream interest in the topic was piqued by Amy Chua's (2011) memoir, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, in which she describes a strict approach to parenting that she claims is rooted in traditional Chinese cultural approaches to parenting. The notion that there is a Chinese, or more broadly, Asian approach to parenting is supported by Chao's (1994) model of Asian parenting that emphasizes the concepts of guan (caring and governing) and chiao shun (training). In this model, Chinese immigrant parents are represented as having high control but without the negative emo- tional climate that is often thought to characterize strict families. In particular, families are described as using a style in which parents have high expectations for educational outcomes and emphasize hard work, self-discipline, and obedience. Warmth and responsiv- ity are shown through investing time and having high expectations rather than verbal or physical expressions of closeness and inti- macy in the parent-child relationship. These interactions occur within a hierarchical family structure in which respect for parents is highly valued. Children largely experience positive psychosocial and academic outcomes in the context of the guan or training style (and their equivalent models in other Asian cultures; for a review, see Chao & Tseng, 2002).
Temporal changes in aquatic-invertebrate and fish assemblages in streams of the north-central and northeastern US

Many management agencies seek to evaluate temporal changes in aquatic assemblages at monitoring sites, but few have sites with ecological time series that are long enough for this purpose. Trends in aquatic-invertebrate and fish assemblage composition were assessed at 27 long-term monitoring sites in the north-central and northeastern United States. Temporal changes were identified using serial trend analysis. Sites with significant serial trends were further evaluated by relating explanatory environmental variables (e.g., streamflow, habitat, and water chemistry) to changes in assemblage composition. Significant trends were found at 19 of 27 study sites; however, differences in the sensitivity of the aquatic fauna to environmental stressors were identified. For example, significant trends in fish assemblages were found at more sites (15 of 27) than for aquatic-invertebrate assemblages (10 of 27 sites). In addition, trends in the invertebrate assemblage were most often explained by changes in streamflow processes (e.g., duration and magnitude of low- and high-flows, streamflow variability, and annual rates of change), whereas trends in the fish assemblage were more related to changes in water chemistry. Results illustrate the value of long-term monitoring for the purpose of assessing temporal trends in aquatic assemblages. The ability to detect trends in assemblage composition and to attribute these changes to environmental factors is necessary to understand mechanistic pathways and to further our understanding of how incremental anthropogenic alterations modify aquatic assemblages over time. Finally, this study's approach to trends analysis can be used to better inform the design of monitoring programs as well as support the ongoing management needs of stakeholders, water-resource agencies, and policy makers.
Numerical Simulation of Supersonic Jet Flows and their Noise

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of a circular supersonic fully expanded jet and an underexpanded jet are performed. Both jets operate at a design Mach number 1.95, and the corresponding fully expanded Mach number for the underexpanded jet is 2.20. Since the simulations do not include the nozzle geometry explicitly, the efiects of the in∞ow conditions (such as the forcing modes and shear layer thickness) on the near fleld statistics and far fleld noise are investigated. The near fleld data are collected from the LES and then the far fleld noise is computed by the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FWH) surface integral method. The results show that removing the lower forcing modes increases the centerline velocity decay rate, the peak turbulence intensities, and the overall sound pressure level. However, reducing the in∞ow shear layer thickness has the opposite efiect and achieves a better agreement with the experiments in both near fleld statistics and farfleld noise. Similar trends hold for the underexpanded jet in near fleld statistics; however, the number of shock cells is underpredicted and is insensitive to the in∞ow conditions. This may be due to contamination by spurious numerical ∞uctuations caused by the shocks. Further simulations including shock capturing schemes are needed.
Triggering sporulation in Bacillus subtilis with artificial two‐component systems reveals the importance of proper Spo0A activation dynamics

Sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by the phosphorylated form of the master regulator Spo0A which controls transcription of a multitude of sporulation genes. In this study, we investigated the importance of temporal dynamics of phosphorylated Spo0A (Spo0A∼P) accumulation by rewiring the network controlling its phosphorylation. We showed that simultaneous induction of KinC, a kinase that can directly phosphorylate Spo0A, and Spo0A itself from separately controlled inducible promoters can efficiently trigger sporulation even under nutrient rich conditions. However, the sporulation efficiency in this artificial two-component system was significantly impaired when KinC and/or Spo0A induction was too high. Using mathematical modelling, we showed that gradual accumulation of Spo0A∼P is essential for the proper temporal order of the Spo0A regulon expression, and that reduction in sporulation efficiency results from the reversal of that order. These insights led us to identify premature repression of DivIVA as one possible explanation for the adverse effects of accelerated accumulation of Spo0A∼P on sporulation. Moreover, we found that positive feedback resulting from autoregulation of the native spo0A promoter leads to robust control of Spo0A∼P accumulation kinetics. Thus we propose that a major function of the conserved architecture of the sporulation network is controlling Spo0A activation dynamics.
Initiating the 2002 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) focused technology program

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Project is an aggressive mission launching in 2009 to deliver a new generation of rover safely to the surface of Mars and conduct comprehensive in situ investigations using a new generation of instruments. This system is designed to land with precision and be capable of operating over a large percentage on the surface of Mars. It has capabilities that support NASA's scientific goals into the next decade of exploration. The MSL technology program is developing a wide-range of technologies needed for this mission and potentially other space missions. The MSL technology program reports to both the MSL Project and the Mars technology program (MTP). The dual reporting process creates a challenging management situation, but ensures the new technology meets both the specific MSL requirements and the broader Mars program requirements. MTP is a NASA-wide technology development program managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and is divided into a focused program and a base program. The focused technology program addresses technologies that are specific and critical to near-term missions, while the base technology program addresses those technologies that are applicable to multiple missions and which can be characterized as longer term, higher risk, and high payoff technologies. The MSL technology program is under the focused program and is tightly coupled to MSL's mission milestones and deliverables. The technology budget is separate from the flight project budget, but the technology's requirements and the development process are tightly coordinated with the project. The technology program combines proven management techniques of flight projects with commercial and academic technology management strategies, to create a technology management program that meets the near-term requirements of MSL and the long-term requirements of MTP. This paper examines the initiation of 2002 MSL technology program. Some of the areas discussed in this paper include technology definition, task selection, technology management, and technology assessment.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE MODAL EMISSIONS MODEL: OPERATING UNDER HOT-STABILIZED CONDITIONS

A comprehensive modal emission model for light-duty cars and trucks is being developed. More than 300 real-world vehicles are being recruited for in-house dynamometer testing under as-is conditions to provide the foundation for the model. The model is designed to predict second-by-second tailpipe emissions under a variety of driving conditions. The vehicles can be modeled as individual vehicles with properly functioning, deteriorated, or malfunctioning emission control conditions, or as composite vehicles representing different vehicle technology categories. The model is based on a simple parameterized physical approach and consists of six modules that predict engine power, engine speed, air/fuel ratio, fuel use, engine-out emissions, and catalyst pass fraction. When developing the model, four important vehicle operating conditions are considered: cold and warm starts; normal, stoichiometric operation; high-power enrichment; and lean-burn operation. The model concept and the expected input/output requirem...
Calcineurin Localizes to the Hyphal Septum in Aspergillus fumigatus: Implications for Septum Formation and Conidiophore Development

A functional calcineurin A fusion to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), CnaA-EGFP, was expressed in the Aspergillus fumigatus ΔcnaA mutant. CnaA-EGFP localized in actively growing hyphal tips, at the septa, and at junctions between the vesicle and phialides in an actin-dependent manner. This is the first study to implicate calcineurin in septum formation and conidiophore development of a filamentous fungus.
Estrogen increases the taste threshold for sucrose in rats.

Anecdotal and empirical evidence suggests that females’ preferences for sweet foods are affected by hormonal fluctuations across the reproductive cycle. In rats, the preference for sweet foods may involve estrogen-mediated changes in response to the taste of sweets. Our recent work showed that ovariectomized female rats lick less to dilute sucrose solutions when given estrogen than when given the oil vehicle. These findings suggest that estrogen decreases the preference for less concentrated sucrose solutions; however, an alternative explanation is that estrogen interferes with the ability to detect dilute sucrose solutions. To distinguish between these possibilities, we conditioned a taste aversion to 0.2 M sucrose in ovariectomized rats by pairing it with injection of LiCl and then examined the generalization of that taste aversion to 0.075 and 0.025 M sucrose solutions during estrogen or oil treatment. Oil-treated rats generalized the LiCl-induced aversion conditioned to 0.2 M sucrose to both 0.075 and 0.025 M sucrose. Estrogen-treated rats generalized the LiCl-induced taste aversion to 0.075 M sucrose but not to 0.025 M sucrose. Moreover, two weeks later, when estrogen had cleared the system, both groups generalized the aversion to both 0.075 and 0.025 M sucrose. These results show that estrogen affects the ability to discriminate dilute sucrose from water and suggest that estrogen may have short-term effects on the detection threshold for sucrose taste in rats.
Dynamics of Permethrin Resistance in a Colony of Horn Flies (Diptera: Muscidae)

A colony of horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), was established from field-collected, resistant flies. Changes in resistance levels were monitored under a regimen with and without insecticide pressure. The colony remained closed with no introduction of susceptible flies. In the absence of permethrin pressure, resistance levels dropped to 2.5 times from an initial level of 17 times at LC50 and remained at that level from generation 12 through 33. In the presence of various insecticide pressure regimens, resistance increased to 500 times at LC90, by generation 86. In a separate study, susceptible colony flies were subjected to permethrin pressure, with first resistance evident in generation 16 and increasing to > 100 times at LC90 in generation 88.
Metallation of PtRu5(CO)16(μ6-C) by using bis(tri-t-butyl-phosphine) complexes of platinum and palladium

Abstract Pt(PBut3)2 and Pd(PBut3)2 react with PtRu5(CO)16(μ6-C) (4) to yield the new cluster complexes, PtRu5(CO)16(μ6-C)[Pt(PBut3)] (5); PtRu5(CO)16(μ6-C)[Pt(PBut3)]2 (6); PtRu5(CO)16(μ6-C)[Pd(PBut3)] (7) and PtRu5(CO)16(μ6-C)[Pd(PBut3)]2 (8). All four complexes have been characterized crystallographically. Compounds 5 and 7 are structurally similar and contain a M(PBut3) group bridging an RuRu edge of the original cluster of 4. Compounds 6 and 8 contain two M(PBut3) groups. One group bridges an RuRu edge as found in compounds 5 and 7. The other M(PBut3) group bridges one of the PtRu edges of the original cluster of 4. All four compounds can be viewed as M(PBut3) adducts of 4 because no ligands were lost from 4 in the course of these addition reactions.
A Rosa multiflora by any other name: Taxonomic incommensurability and scientific kinds

The following paper attempts to explore, criticizeand develop Thomas Kuhn's mostmature – and surprisingly neglected – view ofincommensurability. More specifically, itfocuses on (1) undermining an influential picture ofscientific kinds that lies at the heartof Kuhn's understanding of taxonomic incommensurability;(2) sketching an alternativepicture of scientific kinds that takes advantage ofKuhn's partially developed theory ofdisciplinary matrices; and (3) using these two resultsto motivate revisions to Kuhn'stheory of taxonomic incompatibility, as well as, tothe purported bridge betweentaxonomic incompatibility and some of the traditionalproblems associated withincommensurability.
On-demand TCP: transparent peer to peer TCP/IP over IrDA

This paper describes a novel approach to using TCP/IP applications over IrDA (Infrared Data Association) and Bluetooth. First, we look into why so few applications are available over IrDA and what is necessary to make the use of those applications attractive to end-users. Then, we present a new scheme that enables the use of the IrDA communication layer by those applications in a transparent fashion with minimal overhead. We describe the various components necessary to implement such a scheme, IrNET, the name resolver and the discovery manager, and explain how we have implemented those components under Linux. We finish by showing a few examples of use of those components with real applications.
Diurnal patterns of hemodynamic performance in nonhuman primates

Heart rate, stroke volume, and intra-arterial blood pressures were monitored continuously in each of four monkeys for 18 consecutive hours, 5 days/wk, for several weeks. Mean heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic pressure, and total peripheral resistance were calculated each minute, and these averages were analyzed further to yield hourly means and intercorrelations. The main findings from the analyses of mean levels were that cardiac output fell throughout the night and that peripheral resistance rose during the same interval so that arterial pressure fell only slightly; the highest levels of peripheral resistance and lowest levels of cardiac output were recorded between 0500 and 0700. Furthermore, the levels of these responses during the remainder of the morning were higher (peripheral resistance) and lower (cardiac output) than those recorded in the evening.
Radioactive Iron Absorption and Retention by Chicks Fed Different Levels of Dietary Iron

Abstract IRON absorption has been shown to occur through the absorption of iron by the intestinal mucosa and the subsequent transfer of iron from the mucosal cells to the plasma. Several workers have shown that iron absorption in rats is increased percentagewise by a diet deficient in iron (Pollack et al., 1964; Charlton et al., 1965; Greenberger and Ruppert, 1966; and Pearson et al., 1967) and that mucosal transfer of iron to plasma is markedly impaired by iron loading (Wheby et al., 1964; Charlton et al., 1965; Greenberger and Ruppert, 1966; and Pearson et al., 1967). Greenberger and Ruppert (1966) have also shown that treatment of rats with cycloheximide results in a defect in intestinal iron transport similar to that observed as a result of iron loading. They observed an impaired uptake of iron into the mucosal cells as well as defective transfer from the intestinal mucosa and suggested that the . . .
A Failed Late-Stage Epimerization Thwarts an Approach to Ineleganolide.

Significant efforts were made to complete a synthesis of the complex norcembranoid ineleganolide via a seemingly attractive strategy involving late-stage creation of the central seven-membered ring. While the two key enantioenriched building blocks were made via high-yielding sequences and their convergent union was efficient, the critical C4–C5 bond of this sterically congested natural product could never be forged. Several interesting examples of unexpected acid–base behavior and unanticipated proximity-induced reactivity accounted for most of the problems in the execution of the synthesis plan.
Acoustic Fly-Over Studies of F/A-18 E/F Aircraft During FCLP Mission

The objective of our overall program is to develop aero-performance efficient technology required to suppress noise for high-performance military aircraft in conduct of the Field Carrier Landing Practice (FCLP) mission profile. This paper summarizes important test results associated with an acoustic fly-over of an F/A-18 E/F Super Hornet aircraft undergoing engine/aircraft settings associated with the U.S. Navy FCLP mission. The purpose of this task was to gather narrowband acoustic data from an aircraft fly-by over a linear array of ground-based microphones. Such a database is used to validate systems prediction of noise and to provide a basis for evaluation of noise suppression technology derived from other tasks of the program. The paper describes the procedures utilized to collect the required acoustic data and evaluates capability of systems noise prediction of the measured data. In general it is shown that the predictive procedure compares favorably to the flight test data, but indicates that received noise is affected by installation effects and that shock generated noise is less intense compared to model test data and predictions.
Research and development of pigeon cultivation expert system based on PAID

Pigeon Cultivation Expert System(PCES) applies the principle of systematic technology and the way of knowledge technology.The Expert system bases on the scientific achievements and experience of Pigeon experts and culturist.Meanwhile,comprehensive inquisition about Pigeon management and trend of market is done.Production data is collected all-around.System integration is by the technologies of artificial intelligence and expert system,exploring all-kinds of models of Pigeon Cultivation,and contructing integrative expert system about Pigeon Cultivation.PCES applies Platform for Agricultural Inetlligence-system Development(PAID5.0) made in National Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Information Technology.It focuses on the designing of knowledge-base in Pigeon Cultivation Expert System.Through PCES,The problems of being short of technological professionals will be resolved,and advanced agricultural technologies will be widespread.It provides us a new approach for agricultural technological consult service on the Pigeon’s production.It is great import to accelerate the construction of Pigeon information.
Effects of maternal metaboHc acidosis on the human fetus and newborn infant

The effects of maternal metabolic acidosis on fetal acid-base balance have been studied by comparing the P co 2 , pH, and bicarbonate levels in maternal, fetal, and newborn human blood plasma. Observations have been made without superimposed maternal acidosis during and following the slow infusion of ammonium chloride and during and following more rapid infusion. The results demonstrate that maternal metabolic acidosis is not necessarily accompanied by fetal or neonatal metabolic acidosis. Despite significant reductions in the maternal plasma HCO − 3 and pH, the fetal levels remain relatively unchanged. As the maternal pH falls, the usual transplacental pH gradient is virtually eliminated.
Diazinon Exposure and Infantile Hypertonia

A 12-week-old infant girl who developed persistent hypertonicity 5 weeks following exposure to the organophosphate insecticide diazinon (Knox-Out 2FM) in the home is reported from Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
Immunotactoid glomerulopathy in a patient with hepatitis C viral infection

We present the case of a 55-year-old African American male who was admitted for an acute right posterior middle cerebral artery ischemic infarction. Appropriate management of thrombotic stroke was ...
Virtualization and deep recognition for system fault classification

Abstract Efficient gearbox health monitoring and effective representation of diagnostic results of dynamical systems have remained challenging. In this paper, a new approach to using deep learning for translating diagnostic results of one-dimensional time series analysis into graphical images for fault type and severity illustration is presented, with gearbox as a representative example. Specifically, time sequences are first converted by wavelet analysis to time-frequency images. Next, a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) learns the underlying features in the time frequency domain from these images and performs fault classification. Experiments on gearbox data demonstrates effectiveness and efficiency of the developed approach with a classification accuracy better than 99.5%.
Selective suppression of breast cancer aromatase expression and aromatase promoter usage by the DAC inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589)

1576 Aromatase converts androgens to estrogens. Based on results from several major Phase III clinical trials, third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are now considered to be important drugs for the hormonal therapy of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. While results from clinical trials show efficacy benefits, there are concerns about the side effects associated with estrogen-deprivation achieved with AIs (e.g., bone loss and fractures, joint pain/arthralgia, bone pain/muscle pain). Previous investigations from this and other laboratories have found that expression of aromatase in breast cancer tissue is driven by promoters different from those used in non-cancer tissues. Therefore, the potential for selective suppression of aromatase expression/estrogen biosynthesis in breast cancer tissues through the down-regulation of breast tumor-specific promoters would be a novel approach to reduce side effects associated with whole-body suppression of estrogen biosynthesis achievable with AIs. Our recent research has found that the DAC inhibitor panobinostat is a potent inhibitor of aromatase expression (IC50 = 15 nM; panobinostat is 40 times more potent than SAHA in the suppression of aromatase expression). Panobinostat has been previously found to induce the degradation of proteins driving cancer growth and is currently in Phase II/III clinical development in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Our results also indicate that panobinostat selectively suppresses the promoters I.3/II of the human aromatase gene, promoters that are preferentially used in breast cancer tissue. Furthermore, using the H295R cell culture model, we observed that to achieve the same degree of inhibition of aromatase activity/estrogen biosynthesis, the needed concentration of letrozole (LET; an AI), in the presence of 25 nM panobinostat, was one fifth that required in the absence of panobinostat. Aromatase expression in H295R cells is selectively driven by promoters I.3/II. In addition, cell culture experiments were performed using a H295R/MCF7 co-culture model that demonstrated the synergistic interaction of panobinostat + LET in suppressing the proliferation of hormone-responsive breast cancer cells. Finally, our preliminary results also indicate that panobinostat down-regulates the activity of aromatase promoters I.3/II through an epigenetic fashion. Experiments are being performed to determine the molecular mechanisms involved. These results demonstrate effects of panobinostat on aromatase promoters utilized in the expression/regulation of aromatase in breast cancers along with synergistic interactions with LET in modifying breast cancer cell proliferation. These initial observations may hold potential value for future clinical evaluation of these agents in combination.
Examining the BASC-3 BESS Parent Form-Preschool Using Rasch Methodology.

This study examined the Behavior Assessment System for Children–Third Edition Behavioral and Emotional Screening System, Parent Form–Preschool, which is used to identify children at risk for emotio...
Scientific Notebook Software: Applications for Academic Radiology.

Objectives The goal of this article is to introduce the concept of scientific notebook software, and to illustrate how it can be used to document a research project, to perform image analysis and to create interactive teaching tools. Methods We describe the installation of scientific notebook software known as Project Jupyter, which is free, open-source and available for the Macintosh, Windows and Linux operating systems. Results We have created 2 scientific notebooks that demonstrate applications germane to radiologists, particularly those in academic radiology. The first notebook provides a tutorial that summarizes basic features of the Project Jupyter notebook, and gives numerous examples of how the notebooks can display explicatory text, perform statistical computations, and display plots, interactive graphics, and audio files. The second notebook provides a toolbox for viewing and manipulating images in the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format. Conclusions Scientific notebook software allows its users to document their work in a form that combines text, graphics, images, data, interactive calculations and image analysis within a single document. Scientific notebooks also provide interactive teaching tools, which are can help explain complex topics in imaging physics to residents.
Abstract 15618: S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase is Essential for Protecting Female Hearts From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Pre-menopausal female hearts exhibit reduced susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury compared to males. Our recent study suggests that this protection results in part from enhanced endo...
Sperm Nuclear Architecture

One of the most intriguing questions in sperm biology is how the 3 f long DNA is packaged into an almost crystalline state in an ordered fashion that retains all its biological functions. Several aspects of this process are known; however, a model for the entire packaging still eludes us. We know that the DNA is packaged into very condensed toroids by protamines that protect it from insults during its journey from the male reproductive tract till the time of fertilization with the oocyte. The DNA is also organized by the sperm nuclear matrix to preserve its function and to direct the replication of the DNA in the embryo after fertilization. This particular level of chromatin packaging may also serve as a checkpoint for DNA integrity. At a higher level, sperm chromosomes appear to occupy discrete domains, with the telomeres of each chromosome paired and located at the periphery of the nucleus and the centromeres at the center. However, there are still many unanswered questions about such chromatin structure. There are several different types of sperm DNA damage assays, and each is sensitive to specific aspects of sperm chromatin structure. Understanding how the chromatin is packaged can therefore help to interpret these assays.
The number of measurements of a surface’s topography and the expected variation in adhesion to the surface

AbstractVariations in roughness on a surface spawn variations in adhesion force between the surface and any particles that contact the surface. To fully characterize the adhesion that will be exhibited when a particle contacts any location on the surface, it is desirable to map the surface with nanoscale detail. Since it is impractical to make nanoscale roughness measurements over the entirety of a surface with a characteristic dimension on the order of centimeters, a relationship between the number of surface measurements and the likely variation in the expected adhesion force is similarly desirable. In this work, the predicted van der Waals force was used to describe the particle adhesion force. The bootstrap statistical method was employed to estimate the error associated with the predicted mean adhesion force between a smooth spherical particle and a rough surface as a function of the number of locations on the surface where the roughness was measured. Specifically, 40 atomic force microscope (AFM) to...
Embryonal Tumor with Multilayered Rosettes, C19MC-Altered: Clinical, Pathological, and Neuroimaging Findings.

Background and purpose Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), C19MC-altered, is a recently described, rare central nervous system tumor. To our knowledge, the imaging findings of this tumor have not been systematically evaluated in the neuroradiology literature. We present here the clinical, radiological, and pathological correlation of a case series of this very rare tumor, including the full range of anatomic compartment presentations (supratentorial, infratentorial, and spinal). Methods We retrospectively analyzed 7 (4M, 3F) pathologically-proven cases of ETMR referred to our institution between 2007 and 2017. We demonstrate the imaging characteristics of this tumor on CT and MRI with advanced imaging. Results All of the patients are children (ages 1-12). On MR imaging of ETMR, contrast enhancement is often heterogeneous and minimal if any, and there is no significant surrounding T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity to suggest edema. The lesions were often expansile with no evidence of infiltration of the fiber tracks that were displaced by the tumor mass. Diffusion-weighted imaging often demonstrated restricted diffusion within ETMRs. On magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), the choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) ratio is increased, with low N-acetylaspartate (NAA) or NAA/Cho ratio, typical of high-grade tumors. Conclusion We demonstrate the conventional and advanced imaging characteristics of ETMR, including MRS and diffusion tensor imaging, which, to our knowledge, have not been systematically evaluated in the radiology literature. The knowledge gained may potentially impact patient management, especially in inoperable cases and in locations where it is risky to perform a biopsy.
Semantic network function captured by word frequency in nondemented APOE ε4 carriers.

OBJECTIVE Accurate identification of the earliest cognitive changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critically needed. Item-level information within tests of category fluency, such as lexical frequency, harbors valuable information about the integrity of semantic networks affected early in AD. To determine the potential of lexical frequency as a cognitive marker of AD risk, we investigated whether lexical frequency of animal fluency output differentiated APOE e4 carriers from noncarriers in a cross-sectional design among older African-American adults without dementia. METHOD We analyzed animal fluency performance using mean number of items and mean lexical frequency among 230 cognitively normal African Americans with and without the APOE e4 allele. RESULTS Lexical frequency was higher in APOE e4 carriers than noncarriers when analyzed as a mean score and within time bins. In contrast, we found no group difference in the number of items produced. Lexical frequency was particularly sensitive to e4 status after the first 10 s of the 60-s animal fluency task. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that psycholinguistic features may hold value as a cognitive biomarker for identifying people at high risk of AD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Perinatal High-Fat Diet and Bisphenol A: Effects on Behavior and Gene Expression in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex

Both high-fat diets (HFD) and bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental endocrine disruptor, are prevalent in industrialized societies. Previous studies have detected separate effects of BPA and HFD; however, none have assessed possible interactive effects. Here, pregnant dams consumed 0, 40, or 400 µg BPA/kg/day and were fed either a control (CON; 15.8% kcal fat) or HFD (45% kcal fat) from gestational day 2 through parturition. The pups were individually dosed with BPA from postnatal days (P) 1-10, while the dams continued to consume one of the two diets. Maternal behavior increased with the HFD while the offspring's periadolescent social play decreased with BPA, but no interactive effects were observed. Neither HFD nor BPA exposure changed performance on a social recognition task, and only BPA had an effect on the elevated plus maze. BPA increased several cytokines in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of P10 males but not females. Expression of several genes related to hormone synthesis and receptors, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the mPFC on P10 and P90 were altered due to BPA and/or HFD exposure with rare interactive effects. BPA resulted in an increase in the gene expression of Esr1 in the mPFC of females on both P10 and P90. Epigenetic analysis on P90 did not show a change in methylation or in the levels of pre-mRNA or microRNA. Thus, perinatal BPA and HFD have separate effects but rarely interact.