cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance of INTERCOM for predicting corn– velvetleaf interference across north-central United States

Abstract Cost-effective weed management requires accurate estimates of yield and the potential yield loss resulting from weed infestations. However, crop yield and the effects of weeds are highly variable across years and locations. Ecophysiological models may be useful for predicting the effects of environment and management on crop and weed growth and competitive ability. Ability of the model INTERCOM to predict corn (Zea mays) growth and yield, velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) interference on corn yield loss, and single-year economic threshold velvetleaf density (Te) was evaluated using 13 data sets collected in four states. Predicted and observed monoculture corn total aboveground biomass and leaf area index were in close agreement for most of the growing season. Predicted and observed weed-free corn yields were in agreement for yields ranging from 8 to 13 Mg ha−1 but were over- and underpredicted under low-yielding and near-optimal production conditions, respectively. Predicted and observed corn yie...
Palliation of Head and Neck Cancer

Approximately 5% of all cancers arise from the head and neck region (1,2). Patients with head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCC) have unique problems related both to the course of their disease and treatment. Pain from surgery and radiation is a particularly difficult problem and becomes a major problem with recurrence due to the high propensity for local erosive metastases in areas that are richly innervated (3). Pain occurs in 31% of patients at presentation but becomes a progressive problem during therapy. Seventy-four percent will experience pain near the end of treatment, and at least one out of four will have significant chronic pain 2 yr after treatment (4, 5, 6). Eating disturbances will peak near the end of treatment related to both the disease and the pain of mucositis. Most patients will lose at least 2 kg during treatment. The incidence of mucositis secondary to treatment is as high as 80%, and over half of those receiving intensive radiation combined with chemotherapy will have a grade 3–4 mucositis. Hospitalization owing to mucositis will occur in 16 to 33% of patients treated with radiation. Despite receiving analgesics and topical anesthetics, over one-third of treatment days will be spent in severe pain (7,8).
Does AP Economics Improve Student Achievement

We employ an empirical approach designed to control for selection issues to estimate the effect of taking Advanced Placement (AP) Economics in high school on student performance on a high-stakes, s...
Knowledge Acquisition and the Development of Decision Rules: Studying and Evaluationg Internal Control Structure

A critical aspect of any audit examination is the study and evaluation of the client s internal control structure. Previous audit judgment research has concluded that auditors exhibit a great deal of inconsistency in their evaluations of internal control (Libby and Libby 1989; Ashton 1982; Libby 1981). Because of these inconsistencies, the need for decision aids to assist auditors in studying and evaluating internal control structure has been identified (Tubbs 1992; Libby and Frederick 1990; Libby and Libby 1989). However, inconsistent judgments have inhibited the development of these decision aids (Abdoimohammadi 1987), since it is difficult (if not impossible) to identify how various factors are considered by auditors in studying and evaluating internal control structure and assessing control risk. This paper illustrates the use of rough set theory to develop decision rules for evaluating a client s internal control structure. These decision rules are based on "expert" assessments of control risk after considering certain attributes (i.e., control procedures) surrounding the decision. The distinguishing feature of rough set theory is that any observed inconsistencies among experts can be explicitly incorporated into the decision rules. This feature is especially important for instances where uncertainties exist in various aspects of the decision (such as the study and evaluation of internal control structure). These decision rules may serve as the initial input into a decision aid that allows non-experts to make decision similar to those made by firm-wide experts.
Continuous, alternating, and mixed insecticides affect development of resistance in the horn fly (Diptera: Muscidae).

Susceptible populations of horn flies, Haematobia irritans (L.;, were selected with six insecticide treatment regimens: continuous use of permethrin, diazinon, or ivermectin; permethrin/diazinon (1:2) mixture; permethrin-diazinon rotation; and permethrin-ivermectin rotation. Insecticide selection was applied as low-volume sprays on steers infested with horn flies housed in environmentally controlled rooms. During the study period, horn fly populations developed an apparent resistance to all insecticide treatment regimens. Selection with permethrin, diazinon, and ivermectin resulted in development of resistance in generations 21, 31, and 30, respectively. Selection with insecticide mixtures and rotations resulted in the delay of any apparent resistance development for an additional one to seven generations. The magnitude of this resistance ranged from 1,470-fold for the single continuous use of permethrin to <3-fold for ivermectin in the permethrin-ivermectin rotation. Compared with single continuous insecticide selections, the onset and degree of resistance development was significantly reduced by alternating and mixing insecticides.
A Non-Contact Fiber-Less Diffuse Optical Tomographic System for Dynamic Imaging of the Feet with Peripheral Artery Disease

We present a new design for a non-contact fiber-free diffuse optical tomography system capable of simultaneously capturing multiple views of feet for dynamic imaging of foot vasculature.
Form Factors for Branched Polymers with Excluded Volume

The form factors for star-branched polymers with linear branches or with looping branches are calculated. The effect of chain swelling excluded volume is incorporated through an excluded volume parameter approach. The form factor for ring polymers is also included, since it is nicely derived as a special case. Furthermore, the form factor for dendrimers with excluded volume is also calculated. In order to evaluate the form factor for stars with looping branches, the multivariate Gaussian function is used to close the looping branches. Analytical results are possible in the Gaussian chain case (i.e., with no excluded volume), but the calculations are left in a form involving summations over monomers when the general case incorporates excluded volume.
Evaluation of the reliability performance about new developed UP reflector in mid/high power SMD LED applications

New unsaturated polyester (UP) reflector material has been developed for SMD LED application. In this study, the reliability performance of 0.5W and 1.0W PLCC3030 SMD LED with new developed UP reflector material and commercial reflector materials of epoxy molding compound (EMC), Silicone molding compound (SMC) and polycyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalates (PCT), and polyphthalamide(PPA) were evaluated, including MSL level 1 and high temperature operation life (HTOL) test at 85°C for 1000 hours. The results show that 0.5W PLCC 3030 SMD, LED with new developed UP and commercial EMC, SMC and PCT and PPA reflector materials could pass the MSL level 1 test. The lumen variations were −5.89%, −5.82%, −4.98%, and −3.07% and −14.10% respectively. From the HTOL test, UP reflector material demonstrates a superior performance than commercial EMC, SMC, PCT and PPA reflector materials. The lumen variation of LED with UP reflector material was −3.44%, while the EMC, SMC, PCT and PPA reflector materials were −7.26%, −13.42%, −10.83%, and −39.95% respectively. The similar reliability performance was also shown in 1.0W PLCC3030 SMD LED evaluation. The lumen variations of 1.0W PLCC3030 SMD LED with new UP, EMC, SMC, and PCT and PPA reflector materials were −6.63%, −7.14%, −4.13%, −4.63% and −14.31% after MSL level 1 test. Meanwhile, the lumen variation of 1.0W PLCC3030 SMD LED with new UP, EMC, SMC, and PCT and PPA reflector materials after 85 °C HTOL test for 1000 hours were 0.14%, −1.08%, −4.55%, −3.99% and −19.13% respectively. According to the evaluation results, the 0.5W and 1.0W 3030 SMD LED with new developed UP reflector material could pass the reliability criteria of MSL level 1 and 85°C HTOL test. The new developed UP reflector materials have potential to be used in mid to high power SMD LED application.
Bayesian Psychology and Human Rationality

This paper explores the implications of Bayesian research in cognitive science for debates over the extent of human rationality. Work in the heuristics and biases tradition has led many philosophers to pessimistic conclusions about human rationality.
Venture Labor| Discourses of Control and Free Agency: Generating Self-Blame among Unemployed Workers

I explore how the culture of free agency and self-entrepreneurship discussed in Neff’s Venture Labor manifests itself among unemployed professionals. My research into the support discourses unemployed white-collar workers encounter in their job searches reveals an important insight into the cultural construction of labor. To take control of one’s career means believing that external barriers do not matter and that one can find one’s dream job so long as one follows one’s passions. Because success in one’s job search is perceived as depending on the projection of an authentic and passionate self, the experience of labor market difficulties generates devastating self-blame.
Who Among the Elderly Is Most Vulnerable to Exposure to and Health Risks of Fine Particulate Matter From Wildfire Smoke

Wildfires burn more than 7 million acres in the United States annually, according to the US Forest Service. Little is known about which subpopulations are more vulnerable to health risks from wildfire smoke, including those associated with fine particulate matter. We estimated exposure to fine particles specifically from wildfires, as well as the associations between the presence of wildfire-specific fine particles and the amount of hospital admissions for respiratory causes among subpopulations older than 65 years of age in the western United States (2004-2009). Compared with other populations, higher fractions of persons who were black, lived in urban counties, and lived in California were exposed to more than 1 smoke wave (high-pollution episodes from wildfire smoke). The risks of respiratory admissions on smoke-wave days compared with non-smoke-wave days increased 10.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.9, 19.6) for women and 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 47.3) for blacks. Our findings suggest that increased risks of respiratory admissions from wildfire smoke was significantly higher for women than for men (10.4% vs. 3.7%), blacks than whites (21.7% vs. 6.9%), and, although associations were not statistically different, people in lower-education counties than higher-educated counties (12.7% vs. 6.1%). Our study raised important environmental justice issues that can inform public health programs and wildfire management. As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires, evidence on vulnerable subpopulations can inform disaster preparedness and the understanding of climate change consequences.
Comparison of 30-day emergency department bouncebacks after pediatric versus adult urologic surgery.

Summary Introduction More pediatric patients seem to present to the emergency department (ED) for non-urgent matters after urologic procedures than adult patients. Under new and expanding healthcare reform, pediatric urologists may be penalized for these visits. We compare our 30-day postoperative bounceback rates to the ED and the acuity of the concerns in these populations. Materials and methods All urology consults at our institution are maintained on a prospectively tracked database. We identified all patients who presented to our adult or pediatric ED between July 2013 and June 2015 within 30 days of a urologic procedure. We investigated the patient demographics including age, race, insurance, distance from the home zip code to the ED, procedures performed, chief complaint in the ED, diagnosis, and treatment required. Results In our pediatric group, there were 67 visits for 56 patients (19 female, 37 male, mean age 6.8 years), which represents an overall bounceback incidence of 2.7%. Of those, 19% required admission (0.60% overall readmission rate), 10% underwent a procedure (0.32% reoperative rate, 18% required catheter manipulation/placement, 13% were given a prescription (most commonly for constipation), 6% required local wound care, and 33% were reassured only). Most pediatric patients had private insurance (62.5%) and those with private insurance or who were uninsured tended to require only reassurance compared to those with Medicare/Medicaid (p = 0.053). In the adult population, there were 369 visits in 310 patients (111 female, 199 male, mean age 55.4 years) for an incidence of 4.4%. Of those, 42% were admitted (2.2% overall readmission rate), 14% underwent a procedure (0.74% reoperative rate), 11% required catheter manipulation/placement, 14% were given medication (most commonly antibiotics and narcotics), 4% were given local wound care, and 12% were reassured. Most adult patients had Medicare/Medicaid (48.7%), but insurance type was not related to treatment required (p = 0.382). On multivariable analysis, pediatric patients, closer proximity to the hospital, and earlier postoperative day at presentation to the ED were predictive of requiring only reassurance. Conclusions Compared to adults, pediatric patients are less likely to return to the ED postoperatively (p Download : Download high-res image (353KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure . Most common procedures performed and treatment required for pediatric (above) and adult (below) patients who returned to the ED after urologic surgery.
Breaking down rural and urban bias and interrogating spatial inequality, evidence from South Africa

This article investigates current socioeconomic disparities within rural and urban areas. The empirical analysis is grounded in an examination of urban and rural bias theories, which have often underpinned poverty analysis. This article suggests that poverty analysis can be improved by moving beyond the rural–urban binary and investigating differences across all geographical types (when data are available). Using 2012 household survey data on South Africa, the article sheds lights on substantial differences—in household composition and access to services and assets—that are likely to make households located in particular geotypes far more vulnerable to poverty. Finally, the article discusses how development policy can better address the specific income-generating constraints that disadvantaged areas face.
A Grounded Theory of Preservice Music Educators' Lesson Planning Processes within Field Experience Methods Courses.

The purpose of this grounded theory study was to understand the process of field experience lesson planning for preservice music educators enrolled in choral, general, and instrumental music educat...
Urinary Incontinence After Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy

Urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy continues to be a significant problem despite improving surgical techniques. Robotic surgical techniques have the potential to improve urinary outcome measurements even more than their open predecessors. Improved visualization and precision of dissection with robotic technology offer a truly anatomic approach. The main purpose of this chapter is to summarize the status of urinary outcomes following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy as well as to discuss the most current therapies used in the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. We also discuss the etiology of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence, contributing risk factors, and the evaluation for incontinence as they are intimately related to prostatic surgical technique and incontinence interventions.
Diisopropylfluorophosphate-P32 (DFP-P32) as a label for granulocytes.

Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a potent and irreversible esterate inhibitor, was first suggested as a red cell label by Grob, Lilienthal, Harvey, and Jones in 1947 [1]. In 1954 Cohen and Warringa [2] described the use of DFP containing radioactive phosphorous (DFP-P32) as a label for erythrocytes, and two years later Leeksma and Cohen [3] described the use of DFP-P32 as a platelet label. The latter authors found relatively little label in leukocytes.
Issues in the Design of Incentive Schemes for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control

A large body of economic literature has addressed the question of how to design policies to control environmental pollution efficiently. Until recently, the vast majority of this literature was concerned with point sources of pollution where the regulator can observe the pollution emissions of individual agents (perhaps at some cost) and there are no important stochastic influences on the system. Under these conditions, it is well-known that a system of Pigouvian taxes, quantity standards, or transferable discharge permits can in principle be employed to internalize the pollution externality and sustain a Pareto efficient allocation in the economy. For a thorough analysis in this spirit, see Spulber (1985).
Functional Properties of the Auditory System of the Brain Stem

For purposes of exposition, the ascending auditory system is herein divided into three levels: the acoustic nerve and the cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex, and the inferior colliculus. A fourth section deals with the descending auditory system.
Objective Biomarkers of Sperm Development and Fertility: Assessment of Sperm-Zona Pellucida Binding Ability and Hyaluronic Acid-Mediated Selection of Sperm for ICSI Fertilization

This chapter summarizes the scientific and clinical utility of the nuclear and cytoplasmic sperm biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. These biomarkers were developed and used by the Yale Sperm Physiology Laboratory in the past 15 years. These biomarkers tested and were proven to reflect the degree of sperm development and fertilizing potential, including cytoplasmic retention measured by sperm creatine kinase content, chromatin structure, the key factor of HSPA2 chaperon protein concentration, DNA chain integrity, chromosomal aneuploidies, sperm head and tail shape and length, and most important, spermiogenetic remodeling of the plasma membrane that is the basis of the sperm-hyaluronic acid-binding assay in the Andrology Laboratory, and of the hyaluronic acid-mediated ICSI sperm selection in the Embryology laboratory. Some aspects of ICSI sperm selection by sperm shape combined with high magnification are also discussed.
Acoustical Imaging Using the Phase of Echo Waveforms

All conventional ultrasound imaging equipment, including static B-scanners and real time units, apply some form of envelope detection to the received radio-frequency (rF) signal in order to produce an image. Unfortunately, the envelope detection process essentially destroys all phase and spectral information which is readily available on each rF A-line waveform. Since such additional data offer a new dimension of information which has proven to be useful if not necessary, for quantitative tissue characterization, it is worthwhile to consider techniques for incorporating both phase and spectral information into an image. Here we propose one method for utilizing phase information in a fundamental way which produces a new class of ultrasound images. In brief, envelope detection is replaced by a frequency demodulation process to produce a signal with phase rather than amplitude information. This signal is fed to a standard digital scan converter, with appropriate storage algorithms, to produce an image. These phase or FM images have a totally different appearance from conventional amplitude or AM images. In-vivo scans of human subjects and various gray scale test objects show recognizable anatomical features (which overlay precisely with amplitude images) but significantly different texture and structural patterns.
Improving Cyber-Aware Energy Management System Applications

The modern electric power grid is operated through a suite of control applications available in the Energy Management System (EMS). As more and more communications take place using the Internet, it is critical to consider cyber information while monitoring the grid in order to detect cyber attacks or malfunctioning communication devices. In this paper, we improve and integrate the state estimation and contingency analysis functions in the EMS decision support tools to consider the impact of cyber information by appropriately adjusting the weights for the measurements. The contingency analysis will include a number of (N - k) contingencies associated with the online and offline cyber information. The state estimation results are also used as one of the input factors for the contingency analysis. The proposed algorithms are tested on the IEEE 57-bus and 300-bus test systems. The results show that the proposed state estimation algorithm is more robust when there are inaccurate measurements due to cyber events, compared to the traditional state estimation approach. In addition, the proposed contingency analysis algorithm provides a ranked list of contingencies based on the given cyber information for the test systems.
The thermal degradation pathway studies of a phosphazene derivative on cotton fabric

Phosphazene derivatives have been recognized as promising flame retardants for numerous synthetic polymeric systems. However, limited studies are available for phosphazene derivatives on natural polymeric systems such as cotton fabric. The flammability and thermal stability of fabric treated with a phosphazene derivative 1,1,3,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-5,5-diaminoethanephosphazene (dBEP) indicated that only 9 wt% add-on of dBEP was required to achieve promising flame retardant properties on cotton fabric. To understand the mode of action of dBEP, the thermal degradation pathways of the control and cotton fabric treated with dBEP were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR) was used to follow the evolved gases produced by the control and treated fabrics during thermal degradation. Two techniques, attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were employed to examine the degraded residues of the unburned fabrics, burned fabrics, and dBEP. The results show that dBEP undergoes decomposition to produce phosphoric acid and polymerization to form phospham-like derivative that are known to retard fire.
Eva Mroczek, 'The Literary Imagination in Jewish Antiquity'

Eva Mroczek, The Literary Imagination in Jewish Antiquity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. ix + 190, ISBN: 9-780-19088-608-0 (pbk).
Social Smiles of Visually Impaired Infants.

Social smiles of 10 visually impaired infants, ages 4 to 12 months, were examined longitudinally in play interactions with their mothers. Characteristics examined included the cognitive skills of t...
A Frequency-domain Approach to Noninvasive Intracranial Pressure Estimation

Intracranial pressure (ICP) is a cranial vital sign, crucial in the monitoring and treatment of several neurological injuries. The clinically accepted measurement modalities of ICP are highly invasive, carrying risks of infection and limiting the benefits of ICP measurement to a small subset of critically ill patients. This work aims to take a step towards developing an accurate noninvasive means of estimating ICP, by utilizing a model-based frequency-domain approach. The mean ICP and pulse pressures of ICP are estimated from arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) waveforms, and the estimates are validated on an adult population, comprising of around two hours of data from five patients. The algorithm was shown to have an accuracy (mean error) of −1.5 mmHg and a precision (standard deviation of the error) of 4.3 mmHg in estimating the mean ICP. These results are comparable to the previously reported errors among the currently accepted invasive measurement methods, and well within the clinically relevant range.
Ribosomal RNA Methyltransferase RsmC Moonlights as an RNA Chaperone

Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein particles that are essential for protein biosynthesis in all forms of life. During ribosome biogenesis, transcription, folding, modification, and processing of rRNA are coupled to the assembly of proteins. Various assembly factors are required to synchronize all different processes that occur during ribosome biogenesis. Herein, the RNA chaperone and RNA strand annealing activity of rRNA modification enzyme ribosome small subunit methyltransferase C (RsmC), which modifies guanine to 2-methylguanosine (m2 G) at position 1207 of 16S rRNA (Escherichia coli nucleotide numbering) located at helix 34 (h34), are reported. A 25-fold increase in the h34 RNA strand annealing rates is observed in the presence of RsmC. Single-molecule FRET experiments confirmed the ability of protein RsmC to denature a non-native structure formed by one of the two h34 strands and to form a native-like duplex. This observed RNA chaperone activity of protein RsmC might play a vital role in the rapid generation of functional ribosomes.
Abstract P268: Greater Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes as Compared to Non-diabetic Controls: Results From the Study of Longevity in Diabetes (SOLID)

Introduction: Studies have shown poorer cognitive function in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as compared to non-diabetic peers. However, little is known about cognitive functio...
Chapter 90 – Legionella

A great deal of information on the Legionella genus, legionellosis, the microbial ecology, as well as its pathogenicity, diagnosis and treatment has been accumulated since this pathogen caused the first known outbreak in 1976. However, the control of legionellosis relies primarily on the diagnostic testing of patients and vigilant surveillance of water systems in healthcare facilities. PCR methods offer a useful alternative for the future as they can be utilized on primary specimens, are highly sensitive and specific, and can detect all serogroups of Legionella pneumophila as well as other species of Legionella that cause disease. If approaches utilizing testing algorithms combining culture and PCR methods are utilized they will also offer advantages during outbreak investigations. Additionally, reducing exposures to Legionella and preventing disease will be improved when more is understood about the control of Legionella in water systems and vaccination strategies for Legionella are evaluated.
Novel Therapeutics for the Treatment of Burn Infection

Background: Burn injury continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and death, with infectious complications being the primary cause of death. Patients are susceptible to overwhelming infection secondary to both the physical breakdown of the skin and mucosal barrier and the immune dysfunction that accompanies the inflammatory response to a major burn. With resistance to traditional antibiosis looming as a serious threat to patient outcome, advancement in the treatment of burn infections is imperative. Methods: Between February 15 and March 15, 2020, a search of Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov was performed using search terms such as "burn immunotherapy," "therapeutic microorganisms in burn," "burn infection clinical trials," and applicable variations. Results: Topical antimicrobial drugs continue to be standard of care for burn wound injuries, but personalized and molecular treatments that rely on immune manipulation of the host show great promise. We discuss novel therapeutics for the treatment of burn infection: Probiotics and therapeutic microorganisms, immune modulators, tailored monoclonal antibodies, and extracellular vesicles and proteins. Conclusions: The treatment strategies discussed employ manipulation of structure and function in host immune cells and pathogen virulence for improved outcomes in burn infection.
Endoscopic sinus surgery and aspirin desensitization improve otologic-specific SNOT-22 scores.

Objective There are few studies evaluating the impact of Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) treatment on otologic symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and aspirin desensitization (AD) on otologic symptoms in subjects with AERD. Methods Retrospective chart review of adult patients diagnosed with AERD at our tertiary Care Academic Medical Center - Otorhinolaryngology Department. Charts of adult patients diagnosed with AERD who underwent ESS and ASA desensitization at our institution's AERD Center from 2016 to 2019 were reviewed. Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test 22-item survey (SNOT-22) scores were evaluated for patients at various time points including: pre-surgery, post-surgery/pre-aspirin desensitization, and various times post-desensitization up to >12 months. Within the SNOT-22, otologic-specific subdomain scores were evaluated at similar time points. Patients on immunomodulatory medications other than corticosteroids were excluded from analysis. Results SNOT-22 scores were analyzed for 121 patients. There was a significant improvement in overall SNOT scores from pre-surgery (44.62) to post surgery/pre-desensitization (23.34) (P < 0.0005). Similarly, SNOT-22 otologic-specific scores also improved after surgery prior to desensitization (3.19-2.04) (P = 0.005). Following AD, the improvement in the overall SNOT-22 continued to improve for up to 12 months (P < 0.005). While the otologic-specific SNOT-22 scores remained stable after surgery and ASA desensitization. Conclusion ESS and AD reduce otologic-specific SNOT-22 scores and parallel trends in overall SNOT-22 scores. The effect of treatment is durable over the course of 12 months. Future work should aim to correlate otologic SNOT-22 scores with objective otologic data.
Research progress of occupational disease assessment and application on burden of disease

Burden of disease (BOD) refers to the pressure on the entire social economy and health caused by disease, disability and premature death, and the resulting economic and social impacts. It includes epidemiological burden and economic burden. BOD is widely used in the analysis and research of various chronic diseases, infectious diseases and cancers. With the rapid development of economy and industrialization, the health effects of occupational diseases on workers and the resulting disease burden have become a major public health and social problem, which has caused widespread concern. However, in the field of occupational disease burden research, domestic and foreign scholars have little research on it, and lack of systematic research and framework construction. Therefore, this paper is intended to summarize the occupational disease assessment and applied research of BOD, in order to provide data support for occupational disease monitoring, health promotion and optimal allocation of health resources, and to provide theoretical basis and reference basis for the reform of occupational health work and the formulation of health policies.
Abstract P681: Implementation of Stroke Prevention Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and an increasing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where, due to limited capacity to treat stroke, preventative ef...
“Is There a Course Where we Learn How to Interact with Kids?”: Readying Couple and Family Therapy Students for Practice with Youth

Family relationships are protective against poor behavioral health for youth. Couple and Family Therapy (CFT) graduate programs are critical for readying the behavioral workforce to work systemical...
Relating Cohesive Zone Model to Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics

The conditions required for a cohesive zone model (CZM) to predict a failure load of a cracked structure similar to that obtained by a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analysis are investigated in this paper. This study clarifies why many different phenomenological cohesive laws can produce similar fracture predictions. Analytical results for five cohesive zone models are obtained, using five different cohesive laws that have the same cohesive work rate (CWR-area under the traction-separation curve) but different maximum tractions. The effect of the maximum traction on the predicted cohesive zone length and the remote applied load at fracture is presented. Similar to the small scale yielding condition for an LEFM analysis to be valid. the cohesive zone length also needs to be much smaller than the crack length. This is a necessary condition for a CZM to obtain a fracture prediction equivalent to an LEFM result.
VLSI design of large-scale soft-output MIMO detection using conjugate gradients

We propose an FPGA design for soft-output data detection in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)-based large-scale (multi-user) MIMO systems. To reduce the high computational complexity of data detection, our design uses a modified version of the conjugate gradient least square (CGLS) algorithm. In contrast to existing linear detection algorithms for massive MIMO systems, our method avoids two of the most complex tasks, namely Gram-matrix computation and matrix inversion, while still being able to compute soft-outputs. Our architecture uses an array of reconfigurable processing elements to compute the CGLS algorithm in a hardware-efficient manner. Implementation results on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA for a 128 antenna, 8 user large-scale MIMO system show that our design only uses 70% of the area-delay product of the competitive method, while exhibiting superior error-rate performance.
MECHANISM OF THE INTERACTION OF COLOR REAGENT 1,3-N, N'-BIS-4- (4'-NITRO BENZENEDIAZO) PHENYL SQUARAINE WITH OXOACID ANIONS

By AM1 method, the interactions between 1, 3-N, N’ -Bis-4-(4’ -nitro benzenediazo) phenyl squaraine (BNBPS) and several oxoacid anions have been studied on the basis of the proposed model. The mechanism of the color reactions is suggested and the answers to the question of whether or not BNBPS colorates with HCO 3 - , CO 3 2- , NO2, NO3 etc. are given. It is theoritically predicted that BNBPS might be used as the color reagent for SO 4 2 .
Should Critical Care Medicine be a Formal Part of the Undergraduate Curriculum

Medical students were surveyed shortly after completing the third year of medical school. TIle survey was designed to identify those areas of critical care medicine students had been exposed to and expressed interest in learning more about. In addition, the surveys sought to discern the level of confidence students felt with respect to different critical illnesses and intensive care unit (lCU) therapeutic modalities.Finally, the students were asked their opinion regarding the possibility or need for critical care medicine as pan of their medical school curriculum.The three most common topics of interest among medical students who had recently ftnished their third year in medical school were shock, hemodynamic monitoring, and mechanical ventilation. Less than 30% of the students surveyed felt "better-than-average" confidence on anyone of a number of critical care topics and treatment modalities. Of the 80% of students (n = 70) who completed the survey, 91% (n = 64) felt that critical care medicine should be made a pan of the medical school curriculum,6% (n = 4) felt it should not, and 3% (n = 2) were undecided.TIle survey results and the finding that most of the relevant literature acknowledges the need for critical care medicine in medical school has led us to conclude that a national core clerkship or a didactic lecture series in critical care medicine should be carefully designed and implemented into the undergraduate curriculum.
The metabolism of coumarin by a microorganism. V. Melilotate hydroxylase.

Abstract Melilotate hydroxylase partially purified from extracts of Arthrobacter species catalyzes the stoichiometric conversion of melilotic acid to 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid. The hydroxylation is shown to require both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and atmospheric oxygen. A partial resolution of the enzyme is achieved with ammonium sulfate. The preparation so treated is almost deviod of enzyme activity, but activity can be completely restored with flavin adenine dinucleotide. The role of melilotate hydroxylase in the general metabolism of coumarin is discussed.
A kth nearest neighbour clustering procedure

Due to the lack of development in the probabilistic and statistical aspects of clustering research. clustering procedures are often regarded as heuristics generating artificial clusters from a given set of sample data. In this paper, a clustering procedure that is useful for drawing statistical inference about the underlying population from a random sample is developed. It is based on the uniformly consistent kth nearest neighbour density estimate. and is applicable to both case-by-variable data matrices and case-by-case dissimilarity matrices. The proposed clustering procedure is shown to be asymptotically consistent for high-density clusters in several dimensions. and its small-sample behavior is illustrated by empirical examples.
Equivalent Kernels for Smoothing Splines

In the study of smoothing spline estimators, some convolution-kernellike properties of the Green’s function for an appropriate boundary value problem, depending on the design density, are needed. For the uniform density, the Green’s function can be computed more or less explicitly. Then, integral equation methods are brought to bear to establish the kernel-like properties of said Green’s function. We briefly survey how the Green’s function arises in spline smoothing as the equivalent kernel, the reproducing kernel of a suitable Hilbert space, and as the Green’s function for the Euler equations of a semicontinuous version of the spline smoothing problem.
The Internationalisation of Business and Domestic Class Compromises: A Four Country Study

This article examines the impact of international business on the kind of class compromises that evolved and characterised many West European societies until the late 1970s. It raises the question of why class compromises endured longer in Austria and Sweden than in Belgium and the Netherlands. The argument is that domestic business in Austria and Sweden has fewer alliances with international capital and is, therefore, in a sense less integrated in world markets than those in Belgium and the Netherlands. The conclusion of the article, based upon recent trends, points out that the differences between the four countries appear to be rapidly disappearing.
Numerical Investigations on the Formation of Tropical Storm Debby during NAMMA-06

Abstract Mesoscale model forecasts were carried out beginning at 0000 UTC 19 August for simulating Tropical Disturbance 4, which was named Tropical Storm Debby on 22 August 2006. The Weather Research and Forecasting model, with 25-km grid spacing and an inner nested domain of 5-km grid spacing, was used. The development of a small closed vortex at approximately 0600 UTC 20 August 2006 at 850 hPa was found off the coast of Guinea in agreement with satellite images in the 5-km simulation. Intense convection offshore and over the Guinea Highlands during the morning of 20 August 2006 led to the production of a vortex formation by 1400 UTC at 700 hPa. Sensitivity tests show that the Guinea Highlands play an important role in modulating the impinging westerly flow, in which low-level flow deflections (i.e., northward turning) enhance the cyclonic circulation of the vortex formation. Yet, the moist air can be transported by the northward deflection flow from lower latitudes to support the development of mesoscal...
Chelate polymers of copper(II) with various dihydroxyquinoid ligands

Abstract The polymeric copper(II) chelates of 2,5-dihydroxy- p -benzoquinone, 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone, and 6,11-dihydroxynaphthacenequinone have been prepared and the thermal stabilities studied. The compounds were prepared under similar conditions and relative thermal stabilities were determined by differential thermal analysis. The thermal stability is not related to the thermodynamic stability, as indicated by shift in carbonyl absorption frequency, but is an almost linear function of the number of fused rings in the ligand portion of the chelate.
Preface for the Joint Proceedings of the High Blood Pressure Research 2011 Scientific Sessions and the Inter-American Society of Hypertension Meeting

As program chairs of the 2011 High Blood Pressure Research Scientific Sessions sponsored by the American Heart Association Councils for High Blood Pressure Research and Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease and the InterAmerican Society of Hypertension (IASH), we are pleased to report that the meeting was an outstanding success. The conference was held on September 20 to 24 at the Walt Disney World Dolphin Resort in Orlando, Florida. A very special aspect of this year's meeting was that, for the first time, it was cosponsored and co-organized by IASH. The program committees were combined, and the conference was organized as a fully integrated meeting with the overall important theme, “Bridging Basic and Translational Hypertension Research in the Americas.” This jointly sponsored meeting encouraged an even larger than usual participation of clinicians and researchers from Latin America in the excellent scientific program. The scientific program covered the latest developments in our understanding of the causes of hypertension; its relationship to stroke, cardiac disease, and kidney dysfunction; and the most effective means for detecting, evaluating, and treating high blood pressure across diverse populations. The conference is widely recognized as the premier scientific meeting on hypertension in the world, and the mix of attendees reflected that fact: nearly 40% of the participants were from 30 countries other than the United States. We are particularly happy to report that overall attendance at the conference was 820, the largest in the history of the meeting and the largest participation by Latin American investigators. In addition to the ample opportunities for free communications presented as talks and posters, the meeting was expanded to include multiple symposia and workshops replacing the single-topic workshop traditionally held on the first day. These covered topics such as “Renin: The Final Frontier”; “Genetics and Environment: Epidemiology of Hypertension in the Americas”; “Sympathetic …
Mathematics Growth in Early Elementary School: The Roles of Beginning Knowledge, Student Engagement, and Instruction

Abstract We used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS‐K) data to examine how important mathematics readiness levels are to subsequent achievement growth and the efficacy of instruction and engagement in producing such growth. The ECLS‐K selected a nationally representative sample of kindergartners in fall 1998 and is following these children through the end of eighth grade. We employed the standardized mathematics assessments that were administered to the students by ECLS‐K staff. Separately for students who began kindergarten with low, medium‐low, medium‐high, and high mathematics skill, we examined achievement growth through third grade and the effects of teacher‐reported time on mathematics instruction and student engagement (as perceived by the teacher) on such growth. We found that students who began with the lowest achievement also showed the least growth over this period. Students in the two highest skills groups had similar growth, and the highest levels of growth. Stud...
Interaction of disopyramide enantiomers for sites on plasma protein.

Abstract The binding of disopyramide enantiomers to donor plasma to which had been added human alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AAG) was characterized alone and in the presence of the opposite enantiomer. At pre-dialysis concentrations of 10 −5 M, S(+)disopyramide increased the percent of R(-)disopyramide free (unbound) 2.6-fold from 11 to 30%. At similar pre-dialysis concentrations. R(-)disopyramide increased the percent of S(+)disopyramide free 2-fold from 4.1 to 9.0%. Differences in the binding of one enantiomer due to the presence of the other were due to apparent changes in association constant; no changes on capacity to bind the enantiomers were observed. It is concluded that the enantiomers of disopyramide compete with each other for one site on AAG.
A model of workplace and residence choice in two-worker households

Abstract Workplace and residence locations in two-earner households have typically been studied by analyzing the length of both spouses' journeys to work. In this paper, decisions among location options are examined directly with a discrete choice model, yielding more straightforward and easily interpreted estimates of their determinants. Evidence from five cities shows that women's earnings opportunities and commuting burdens influence not only the wife's choice of workplace but the husband's job site and the household residence as well. Where strong downtown economies offer attractive earnings opportunities for professional women, wives' uninterrupted professional careers encourage the choice of central jobs for both spouses and a central residence.
Affective Consequences of Variation in Behavior Perception When Liking is in the Level of Analysis

An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that finer levels of behavior analysis may lead to greater liking for an observed other. A sample of 30 male and female college students were instructed to analyze an actor's behavior into either fine, natural, or gross units of action. As predicted, fine-unit subjects subsequently liked the actor more than did natural-unit subjects who, in turn, liked the actor more than did gross-unit subjects, as measured by both behavior and self-reports. It is argued that these results are consistent with the notion that level of analysis regulates the amount of information gained from the observation of behavior. Some boundary conditions suggested by this interpretation are discussed.
A sensitivity analysis on optimal economic growth

Abstract A model of capital accumulation is considered and the relation between the optimal path and the initial capital stock is analyzed. Mathematically speaking, the model is a convex model of infinite horizon in continuous time. The existence of optimal paths of capital accumulation is proved. By using the continuity of the value function, it is proved that the optimal path of capital accumulation is a continuous function of the initial capital stock. The analysis is so general that neither the smoothness of the model nor the interiority of the optimal path are made.
Blood Quantum and Perceptions of Black-White Biracial Targets: The Black Ancestry Prototype Model of Affirmative Action

The present study examined the causal role of amount of Black ancestry in targets' perceived fit with Black prototypes and perceivers' categorization of biracial targets. Greater Black ancestry increased the likelihood that perceivers categorized biracial targets as Black and perceived targets as fitting Black prototypes (e.g., experiencing racial discrimination, possessing stereotypic traits). These results persisted, controlling for perceptions of phenotype that stem from ancestry information. Perceivers' beliefs about how society would categorize the biracial targets predicted perceptions of discrimination, whereas perceivers' beliefs about the targets' self-categorization predicted trait perceptions. The results of this study support the Black ancestry prototype model of affirmative action, which reveals the downstream consequences of Black ancestry for the distribution of minority resources (e.g., affirmative action) to biracial targets.