cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Young girls' emerging dietary restraint and disinhibition are related to parental control in child feeding.

This research investigated the origins of dietary restraint and disinhibition in young girls by considering how parents' control in child feeding and their daughters' perceptions of these practices relate to girls' dietary restraint and disinhibition. Participants were 197 5-year-old girls (4.6-6.4 years) and their parents. Parental pressure and restriction were measured using the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Girls' perceptions of parental pressure and restriction were measured using the Kid's Child Feeding Questionnaire, and their restraint and emotional and external disinhibition were measured using an age-appropriate version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to determine associations among parental control in feeding, daughters' perceptions of control, and daughters' dietary restraint and disinhibition. The results indicated that one-third of 5-year-olds reported moderate levels of dietary restraint, about 25% of the sample showed evidence of emotional disinhibition, and nearly 75% reported externally disinhibited eating in the presence of palatable foods. Daughters' dietary restraint and emotional disinhibition were related to their perceptions of parental pressure to eat more, while their external disinhibition was related to their perceptions of having restrictions placed on their eating. This research reveals that pressure in child feeding is associated with the emergence of dietary restraint and disinhibition among young girls, eating styles characterized by a lack of responsiveness to internal hunger and satiety cues.
Direct ozone depletion in springtime Antarctic lower stratospheric clouds

It is now generally accepted that springtime Antarctic ozone depletion in the atmosphere between 17 and 22 km is related to the presence of ClO produced through heterogeneous chemistry on the surface of polar stratospheric cloud particles1,2. Below 17 km, however, where ozone depletion also occurs3, a causal link with ClO has not been established because of apparently low ClO values. Vertical motions, associated with mountain lee waves and the formation of nacreous clouds, also seemingly cannot explain observed ozone depletion4. Here we present balloon measurements of ozone and cloud particles in the lower stratosphere (10–17 km) at McMurdo Station (787° N), Antarctica, on 9 September 1988 which indicate that the cloud particles are directly involved in ozone depletion in this region. The reductions in ozone appear to be correlated with high concentrations of smaller particles, of about 0.2 micrometre radius, which dominate the surface area density in the cloud. The observations suggest a high degree of spatial inhomogeneity of free chlorine, associated with lower stratospheric clouds, and are important in understanding ozone depletion in this region.
Phase transitions, melting dynamics, and solid-state diffusion in a nano test tube.

Confined nanoscale geometry greatly influences physical transformations in materials. The electron microscope enables direct visualization of these changes. We examined the evolution of a germanium (Ge) nanowire attached to a gold (Au) nanocrystal as it was heated to 900°C. The application of a carbon shell prevented changes in volume and interfacial area during the heating cycle. Au/Ge eutectic formation was visualized, occurring 15°C below the bulk eutectic temperature. Capillary pressure pushed the melt into the cylindrical neck of the nanowire, and Ge crystallized in the spherical tip of the carbon shell. Solid-state diffusion down the length of the confined Ge nanowire was observed at temperatures above 700°C; Au diffusion was several orders of magnitude slower than in a bulk Ge crystal.
Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii; Poaceae) Communities in the Carolinas: Composition and Ecological Factors

Abstract Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem) is a dominant grass of the North American tallgrass prairie. It is also found in remnant populations in the eastern United States, including North and South Carolina, often in association with other species with prairie affinities. We characterized eight A. gerardii population sites across various physiographic regions of North and South Carolina. A total of 362 quadrats (1 m × 1 m) were sampled during the 2006–2008 growing seasons for species occurrence and site and quadrat frequency. Associated species were assigned a commonness index (CI). A Sorensen's Community Coefficient was used to determine floristic similarities among the sites. In addition, soil samples in three quadrats were sampled at each site at three depths (0–10 cm, 11–20 cm, and 21–30 cm) and analyzed for pH; organic C and N contents; extractable P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn; and CEC (cation exchange capacity). A total of 306 vascular plant species was identified comprising 64 families, including 99 (32...
Endothelial progenitor dysfunction in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: treatment concept to correct diabetes-associated deficits

Progressive obliteration of the retinal microvessels is a characteristic of diabetic retinopathy and the resultant retinal ischemia can lead to sight-threatening macular edema, macular ischemia and ultimately preretinal neovascularization. Bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in vascular maintenance and repair. There is still great debate about the most appropriate markers that define an EPC. EPCs can be isolated using cell sorting by surface phenotype selection or in vitro cell culture. For freshly isolated cells, EPC cell sorting is heavily dependent on the surface markers used; EPCs can also be isolated by in vitro propagation of heterogeneous mixtures of cells in culture using adhesion to specific substrates and cell growth characteristics. in vitro isolation enables consistent reproducibility and using this approach at least two distinct types of EPCs with different angiogenic properties have been identified from adult peripheral and umbilical cord blood; early EPCs (eEPCs) and late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (OECs). Emerging studies demonstrate the potential of these cells in revascularization of ischemic/injured retina in animal models of retinal disease. Since ischemic retinopathies are leading causes of blindness, they are a potential disease target for EPC-based therapy. In this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about EPCs and discuss the possibility of cellular therapy for treatment of diabetic macular ischemia and the vasodegenerative phase of diabetic retinopathy. We also report current pharmacological options that can be utilized to correct diabetes associated defects in EPCs so as to enhance the therapeutic utility of these cells.
Urinary excretion of bioterin and neopterin in psychiatric disorders

Levels of urinary neopterin and biopterin were determined in patients having a diagnosis of schizophrenia, unipolar depression, or bipolar depression. Both neopterin and biopterin levels were significantly higher in the urine of patients with unipolar depression than in the urine of the control group. Subclassification of patients into primary and secondary depression demonstrated a significant elevation of urinary biopterin in both groups, whereas urinary neopterin was elevated only in those patients with primary depression. In patients with bipolar depression, neopterin excretion was elevated, but biopterin excretion did not differ from controls. No significant differences were found in schizophrenic patients.
Some pregnant women still don't believe drinking is dangerous.

Four decades of research has shown the adverse outcomes associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [FAS], and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder [FASD]) (1), yet substantial num...
Ion Exclusion from Multilamellar Lipid Vesicles

We have shown previously that ions and zwitterionic pH buffers affect the interaction of neutral lipid membranes by a mechanism that involves both a reduction of van der Waals attraction and a creation of electrostatic repulsion. The electrostatic repulsion occurs due to binding of ions and zwitterions to phosphatidylcholine lipid headgroups. To properly analyze lipid interactions, we need to know how salt ions and buffer molecules partition between lipid bilayers and open solution. To address this issue, we use a sequence of solute concentrations to achieve neutral buoyancy (density matching) for suspensions of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) lipid membranes. We then calculate the ratio of solute concentrations outside and inside the multilamellar lipid vesicles from this density match point. We find that distinct series of monovalent salts, organic salts, and zwitterionic pH buffers are excluded from the interlamellar space, with more polarizable solutes being excluded less, in accord with measurements on membranes interactions. Our quantitative measurements are important for a proper analysis of ionic interactions in membrane systems with applications to membrane biology.
Facial Fracture Repair in the Traumatic Brain Injury Patient

Purpose To review the surgical complications of patients who had facial fractures repairs in the setting of a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Patients and Methods A review of all individuals admitted with the diagnosis of TBI based on an evaluation by the neurotrauma service who also underwent facial fracture repair was performed. More than 600 charts were reviewed and 99 patients met study criteria. Univariate and mulitvariate logistic regression model analysis were performed comparing the complication rate in the immediate postoperative period to the patients’ age, gender, mechanism of injury, zone of facial injury, preoperative Glasgow Coma score, presence of multisystem injury, mechanism of TBI and treatment, length of time from injury to surgical repair and length of surgical procedure. Results Of the 99 individuals studied, there was an 11% complication rate (8 minor, 3 major) in the immediate postoperative period. After univariate analysis, the length of time from injury to surgical repair, zone 1 facial injury and low Glasgow Coma score were all factors associated with increased complications. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis revealed that the odds of a patient sustaining a postoperative complication was 1.298 as the hour of procedure increased by 1 hour (95% CI, 1.065-1.582) and was 1.152 as the days of repair increased by 1 day (95% CI, 1.030-1.288). Conclusions The overall complication rate of facial fracture repair in the TBI patient was 11%. A prolonged surgical procedure and delay in surgical repair were associated with higher complication rates as identified by multivariate logistical regression analysis.
Optimal and reliable dispatch of supply and demand bids for competitive electricity markets

This paper presents an optimal dispatch model for competitive electricity markets where independent system operators (ISOs) dispatch real power and ancillary services based on supply offers and demand bids. The model maximizes the "net" societal benefit while respecting various constraints. Zonal market clearing prices are determined and DC power flow equations are used to capture the physics of real power flows. In addition, integer decision variables are used to capture unit's on/off status and automatic generator control (AGC)/load following capability in a reliable way. Each producer is assigned a power flow on each inter-zonal connection and this will be used for accounting purposes. A six zone, 18-unit system is used as a case study with satisfactory results.
Depression in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical phenomenology and correlates

This study examined differences in clinical presentation and functional impairment in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) with or without comorbid depressive disorders and sought to determine the predictors of youth-reported depressive symptoms. One-hundred and sixty youth were reliably diagnosed with OCD and comorbid disorders using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV: Parent version (Silverman and Albano, 1996) and confirmed by an experienced clinician. Sixteen percent (n = 25) had a comorbid diagnosis of a current depressive disorder (DD). Significantly more females than males had a DD. Those with a DD showed increased OCD symptom severity, OCD-related functional impairment, and family accommodation relative to those without a comorbid DD. Depressive symptoms were significantly positively correlated with years of age, degree of OCD symptom severity, measures of OCD-related functional impairment, and non-OCD anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that age, gender, functional impairment, and non-OCD anxiety were significant predictors of depressive symptoms, even when OCD symptom severity was controlled. Notably, functional impairment was a partial mediator of the relationship between OCD symptom severity and depression levels, suggesting depression levels are the product of both degree of symptoms and amount of day-to-day impairment. Results are discussed in terms of implications for assessment and treatment.
In their own words: the experience of older undergraduate students placed on engineering project teams with traditional first-year students

This qualitative study investigates the experience of older caucasian male undergraduate students placed on design teams comprised primarily of straight-out-of-high-school first-year undergraduates in a first year engineering course. Data collection and analysis were based on the phenomenological method of open-ended interviews with subsequent thematic analysis of the transcripts from which five major themes emerged. Results showed that the older students (1) had a sense helping their younger teammates, (2) believed they took charge of their teams, (3) were apprehensive about being placed on a team of traditional first-year students, (4) felt academically behind their younger counterparts, and (5) received academic help from the younger students on their teams.
A Review of “How the Brain Learns Mathematics”

Sousa explores the implications of brain research for mathematics learning and teaching. Charting underexplored territory for mainline mathematics education research, Sousa argues for active, inqui...
Respiratory distress syndrome in VLBW infants: changes in management and outcomes observed by the NICHD Neonatal Research Network.

This article examines the impact of major changes in the prevention and management of respiratory distress syndrome on survival and respiratory morbidities in very low birth weight infants by examination of obstetric and neonatal variables from 15 years of National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neonatal Network data on 14,494 infants of or = 24 weeks improved steadily until 1997. The proportion of survivors requiring oxygen at 36 weeks postmenstrual age has increased since 1993-1994 in infants 24-28 weeks, and infants 29-30 weeks since 1998. There has been a steady increase in the diagnosis of PDA across all gestational ages since 1992. Pulmonary hemorrhage has shown an increased trend since 1998 in infants < or = 28 weeks. Pneumothorax decreased in infants 25-30 weeks, from 1987 to 1998, with no clear trend beyond 1998. Postnatal steroid use peaked from 1995-1998, with markedly decreased use after 1998 in 24-26 week infants. The most dramatic improvement in survival and respiratory morbidity have occurred coincident with increased surfactant use since its availability in 1990. There were further improvements coincident with increased antenatal steroid use in 1994. These improvements have shown a plateau since 1998 and oxygen use at 36 weeks in survivors appears to be increasing across all gestational ages. These trends need to be examined further and standardized methods for determining oxygen requirement are needed.
Nano electrostatic discharge

As nanostructures become smaller, the electrostatic sensitivity increases, leading to new failure mechanisms. In many new electrostatically actuated devices, electric forces lead to the motion of structural elements. Electrostatically actuated devices, magnetic recording devices, photomasks, RF switches, and micromachines have air gaps, which can lead to a breakdown across surfaces and in the air gap; the failure mechanism can lead to both latent and functional failures of the structure. Significant challenges are ahead of us in providing protection to these nanostructures from electrostatics.
CT findings in duodenal diverticulitis.

OBJECTIVE. Duodenal diverticulitis is a rare complication of duodenal diverticulosis. It is often clinically misdiagnosed because it has no pathognomonic signs or symptoms and its CT findings may mimic other intraabdominal processes. We describe two patients with duodenal diverticulitis who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and leukocytosis. At the time of initial presentation, only one of the two patients was diagnosed correctly. In the first case, which was initially misdiagnosed as acute pancreatitis, the correct diagnosis was evident only after the disease process had become more quiescent and a follow-up CT scan using orally and IV-administered contrast agents was performed. In the second case, the coronal reformatted images confirmed the diagnosis suggested by the axial images.CONCLUSION. Duodenal diverticulitis can be a difficult CT diagnosis to make; however, maintaining it in the differential diagnosis of duodenal and pancreatic inflammatory processes and masses as well as defining the anato...
Functional analysis of TaABF1 during abscisic acid and gibberellin signalling in aleurone cells of cereal grains

The wheat transcription factor TaABF1 physically interacts with the protein kinase PKABA1 and mediates both abscisic acid (ABA)-induced and ABA-suppressed gene expression. In bombarded aleurone cells of imbibing grains, the effect of TaABF1 in down-regulating the gibberellin (GA)-induced Amy32b promoter was stronger in the presence of exogenous ABA. As these grains contained low levels of endogenous ABA, the effect of TaABF1 may also be mediated by ABA-induced activation even in the absence of exogenous ABA. Levels of TaABF1 protein decreased slightly during imbibition of afterripened grains. However, TaABF1 levels (especially in aleurone layers) were not substantially affected by exogenous ABA or GA, indicating that changes in TaABF1 protein level are not an important part of regulating its role in hormone signalling. We found that TaABF1 was phosphorylated in vivo in aleurone cells, suggesting a role for post-translational modification in regulating TaABF1 activity. Induction of Amy32b by overexpression of the transcription factor GAMyb could not be prevented by TaABF1, indicating that TaABF1 acts upstream of GAMyb transcription in the signalling pathway. Supporting this view, knockdown of TaABF1 by RNA interference resulted in increased expression from the GAMyb promoter. These results are consistent with a model in which TaABF1 is constitutively present in aleurone cells, while its ability to down-regulate GAMyb is regulated in response to ABA.
Uncertainty modeling for robustness analysis of failure detection and accommodation systems

Formal robustness analysis of failure detection and accommodation systems could play an important role in their validation and ultimate certification. However, formulation of linear fractional transformation (LFT) models can be very difficult for complex parameter-dependent systems. The paper presents a matrix-based computational approach that can be implemented in software for obtaining LFT models of complex systems involving parametric uncertainties, faults, and failures. Several examples are presented, including, a modeling framework for performing robustness analyses of faulty uncertain systems and failure detection and accommodation systems.
A semi-blind MIMO channel estimation scheme for MRT

We investigate semi-blind channel estimation for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) quasi-static flat fading channels when maximum ratio transmission (MRT) is employed. We propose a closed-form semi-blind solution (CFSB) for estimating the optimum transmit and receive beamforming vectors of the channel matrix. Employing matrix perturbation theory, we develop expressions for the mean squared error (MSE) in the beamforming vector and average received SNR of both the semi-blind and the conventional least squares estimation (CLSE) schemes. It is found that the proposed estimation technique outperforms CLSE for a wide range of training lengths and training SNRs.
Effect of color schemes and environmental sensitivity on job satisfaction and perceived performance.

Effects of interior office color and individual stimulus screening ability, i.e., instinctive perceptual filtering of irrelevant stimuli, on perceived performance and job satisfaction were examined on various outcome measures over a 4-day work week in a laboratory setting. Workers performed specific tasks and worked regular hours for 4 consecutive days in the same office. They were separated into three groups according to their ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli in the interior space. Those in the white and predominantly blue-green offices reported higher perceived job performance and satisfaction than those in the predominantly red office regardless of stimulus screening ability. Workers with high to moderate stimulus screening ability indicated greater perceived performance and job satisfaction than did workers with low stimulus screening ability. Results for color schemes are discussed in terms of preference and social expectations.
Self-Organization of Sorted Patterned Ground

Striking circular, labyrinthine, polygonal, and striped patterns of stones and soil self-organize in many polar and high alpine environments. These forms emerge because freeze-thaw cycles drive an interplay between two feedback mechanisms. First, formation of ice lenses in freezing soil sorts stones and soil by displacing soil toward soil-rich domains and stones toward stone-rich domains. Second, stones are transported along the axis of elongate stone domains, which are squeezed and confined as freezing soil domains expand. In a numerical model implementing these feedbacks, circles, labyrinths, and islands form when sorting dominates; polygonal networks form when stone domain squeezing and confinement dominate; and stripes form as hillslope gradient is increased.
Victories Over Structural Violence

Structural violence has been inherent in the governance of the United States for almost 200 years. It has been a feature of American society since its inception and, within psychology, it has been associated with the use of intelligence tests from the time they were first introduced in the United States. This article briefly traces the history of structural violence in society at large and in psychology's use of the IQ test. It examines the past and potential role of psychologists in combating that violence and proposes new directions for that purpose. Finally, it describes an example of how bias in psychology has led the field to ignore a theme that should be highly relevant to peace psychology—namely, imperialism as a major basis of structural violence.
Toxicity of carbaryl, diquat dibromide, and fluoranthene, individually and in mixture, to larval grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio

This study examined the toxicity of two pesticides (carbaryl and diquat dibromide) and one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene), both singly and in mixture, to grass shrimp larvae (Palaemonetes pugio). These three chemicals are all present in coastal environments and can easily enter estuarine ecosystems. Fluoranthene was the most toxic chemical with a 96-h LC50 value of 32.45 microg/L, followed by carbaryl (43.02 microg/L) and diquat dibromide (1624 microg/L). In the chemical mixture tests, the binary carbaryl/diquat dibromide mixture and the ternary carbaryl/diquat dibromide/fluoranthene mixture had additive results.
Anion-cation interactions in the pore of neuronal background chloride channels.

Background Cl channels in neurons and skeletal muscle are significantly permeable for alkali cations when tested with asymmetrical concentrations of the same salt. Both anion and cation permeation were proposed to require binding of an alkali cation with the pore (Franciolini, F., and W. Nonner. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 90:453-478). We tested this hypothesis by bilaterally substituting large alkali cations for Na and found no significant changes of unitary conductance at 300 mM symmetrical concentrations. In addition, all organic cations examined were permeant in a salt gradient test (1,000 mM internal@300 mM external), including triethanolamine, benzyltrimethylamine, and bis-tris-propane (BTP, which is divalent at the tested pH of 6.2). Inward currents were detected following substitution of internal NaCl by the Na salts of the divalent anions of phosphoric, fumaric, and malic acid. Zero-current potentials in gradients of the Na and BTP salts of varied anions (propionate, F, Br, nitrate) that have different permeabilities under bi-ionic conditions, were approximately constant, as if the permeation of either cation were coupled to the permeation of the anion. These results rule out our earlier hypothesis of anion permeation dependent on a bound alkali cation, but they are consistent with the idea that the tested anions and cations form mixed complexes while traversing the Cl channel.
IMPACT OF SERVING TEMPERATURE ON TRAINED PANEL PERCEPTION OF CHEDDAR CHEESE FLAVOR ATTRIBUTES

The impact of serving temperature on trained panel perception of Cheddar cheese flavor attributes was determined. Seven cheeses were selected to represent a range of age and flavor profiles. A descriptive sensory panel received 75 h training on 15 terms for cheese flavor attributes and basic tastes from a previously identified sensory lexicon for Cheddar cheese. Three serving temperatures were selected (5, 12, 21C). Cheeses were subsequently evaluated in quadruplicate by the panel at each serving temperature. Cheeses were differentiated on their flavor and taste attributes (P 0.05). Panelists noted that cheese was more difficult to evaluate at 21C compared with 12 or 5C. Cheddar cheese serving temperature should not pose an issue for comparing descriptive sensory results from multiple locations.
A nonparametric approach to estimate system burn-in time

System burn-in can get rid of more residual defects than component and subsystem burn-ins because incompatibility exists not only among components, but also among different subsystems and at the system level. There are two major disadvantages for performing the system burn-in: the high burn-in cost and the complicated failure rate function. This paper proposes a nonparametric approach to estimate the optimal system burn-in time. The Anderson-Darling statistic is used to check the constant failure rate (CFR), and the pool-adjacent-violator (PAV) algorithm is applied to "unimodalize" the failure rate curve. Given experimental data, the system burn-in time can be determined easily without going through complex parameter estimation and curve fittings.
Bandgap and Molecular Energy Level Control of Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Materials Based on Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene

Bandgap and molecular energy level control are of great importance in improving photovoltaic properties of conjugated polymers. A common approach to tuning these parameters is to modify the structure of conjugated polymers by copolymerizing with different units. In this paper, research work focuses on the synthesis of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDT) with different conjugated units and their photovoltaic performance. Eight new BDT-based polymers with commonly used conjugated units, including thiophene, benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (BT), thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TPZ), etc., were synthesized. The bandgaps of the polymers were tuned in the range of 1.0−2.0 eV, and their HOMO and LUMO energy levels could also be tuned effectively. The absorption spectra as well as electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these polymers were investigated systematically. Some units exhibiting the same effect of bandgap lowering exhibited different effects on molecular energy levels of the polymers. For example, the TPZ un...
Atmospheric Distribution of Gas- and Particle-Phase Quinones in Southern California

Quinones are reactive organic compounds known to initiate reactions associated with a host of toxicological events. Their presence in different atmospheres has been demonstrated although their sources remain uncertain. As a result of their reactivity and instability during chemical analysis, only a limited number of studies have reported on atmospheric concentrations of quinones in ambient air. Furthermore, besides the limited information on quinones associated with particulate matter, no previous studies have quantified vapor-phase quinones. We report vapor- and particle-phase concentrations of 1,2- and 1,4-naphthoquinones (1,2-NQ, 1,4-NQ), 9,10-phenanthraquinone (9,10-PQ), and 9,10-anthraquinone (9,10-AQ), measured over a 5-year period in Southern California. The results showed that vapor-phase concentrations of the target quinones were in general higher than those in the particle-phase. Vapor-phase concentrations ranged from 80 pg/m 3 for the AQ to 1747 pg/m 3 for the 1,4-NQ, and the particle-phase con...
The influence of corporate and political interests on models of illness in the evolution of the DSM

The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) is an evolving document that serves the many mental health care disciplines as the primary reference guide for classifying mental disorders. While the successive framers of the DSM have attempted to base it on scientific evidence, political and economic factors have also shaped the conceptualization of mental illness. These economic and institutional forces have reinforced the DSM's use of a medical model in understanding psychopathology. Though the scientific evidence for a medical model is mixed and evidence for other types of conceptualizations have been given less attention, the medical model provides for reliable diagnoses that allot diverse benefits to treatment providers and researchers, as well as to the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. This article will outline the development of a medical model of mental illness, highlighting connections between this model and corporate and political interests, and will show how this model relates to the various revisions of, and developments within, the DSM. Such an analysis is especially relevant today as the field looks towards the publication of the newest revision of the DSM and attempts to understand and integrate its proposed changes into current treatment, theory, and research.
CHARACIOCHLORIS AND CHARACIOSIPHON FORM A SISTER GROUP TO THE “DUNALIELLA” LINEAGE

The freshwater green algal genera, Characiochloris and Characiosiphon, are distinctive taxa for which no clear consensus exists regarding phylogenetic placement. Characiochloris is an epiphytic unicell that exhibits multiple (>2), scattered contractile vacuoles throughout the cytoplasm of the vegetative cell. Although Characiochloris has been placed in the Tetrasporales by most systematists, the uncertain status of this green algal order raises questions regarding the position of Characiochloris. Characiosiphon, a coenocytic freshwater organism, has been linked to another freshwater coenocyte, Protosiphon. However, multiple chloroplasts, greater thallus size, and a strictly aquatic life history for Characiosiphon have led to comparisons with caulerpalean ulvophytes. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S and 26S rDNA data was undertaken to test hypotheses of relationship for Characiochloris and Characiosiphon. Results from molecular phylogenetic analyses strongly support a sister relationship for Characiochloris and Characiosiphon. In addition, the Characiochloris/Characiosiphon clade is resolved as a sister group to the “Dunaliella” lineage of the Chlamydomonadales that includes Ascochloris, Chlorogonium, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Protosiphon and Spongiochloris. These results further support the hypothesis that the “Dunaliella” clade includes the majority of taxa that exhibit multiple contractile vacuoles. Moreover, these results support an interpretation of the Characiosiphon coenocyte as a modified zoosporangium.
Aging, Spatial Disparity, and the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion.

The present study examined age-related differences in multisensory integration and the effect of spatial disparity on the sound-induced flash illusion—-an illusion used in previous research to assess age-related differences in multisensory integration. Prior to participation in the study, both younger and older participants demonstrated their ability to detect 1–2 visual flashes and 1–2 auditory beep presented unimodally. After passing the pre-test, participants were then presented 1–2 flashes paired with 0–2 beeps that originated from one of five speakers positioned equidistantly 100cm from the participant. One speaker was positioned directly below the screen, two speakers were positioned 50cm to the left and right from the center of the screen, and two more speakers positioned to the left and right 100cm from the center of the screen. Participants were told to report the number of flashes presented and to ignore the beeps. Both age groups showed a significant effect of the beeps on the perceived number of flashes. However, neither younger nor older individuals showed any significant effect of spatial disparity on the sound-induced flash illusion. The presence of a congruent number of beeps increased accuracy for both older and younger individuals. Reaction time data was also analyzed. As expected, older individuals showed significantly longer reaction times when compared to younger individuals. In addition, both older and younger individuals showed a significant increase in reaction time for fusion trials, where two flashes and one beep are perceived as a single flash, as compared to congruent single flash trials. This increase in reaction time was not found for fission trials, where one flash and two beeps were perceived as two flashes. This suggests that processing may differ for the two forms for fission as compared to fusion illusions.
THU0230 Response to treatment with azathioprine in behcet’s syndrome patients with different organ involvement and documentation of improvement using patient reported outcomes in routine clinical care

Background Behcet’s syndrome (BS) is a systemic vasculitis that may different pathogenic mechanisms leading to different manifestations, such as eye, mucocutaneous and GI disease. We started a dedicated Behcet’s clinic in 2004 and have treated over 850 patients to date. Objectives To determine the response to therapy depending on type of organ involvement and documentation of improvement with patient reported outcomes. Methods All patients seen at the Center complete MDHAQ, medical history, medication use, Behcet’s specific history, ethnic and demographic information forms. In addition a Behcet Syndrome Activity Score (BSAS) is also completed by all Behcet patients. These data are prospectively collected and updated each visit. Patients were divided into eye disease only, GI only, both or none groups and compared for disease activity and medication, specifically azathioprine, use. They could have mucocutaneous disease in addition to above manifestations Results 484 patients (78% female, disease duration 4.8 (7.1) years, age 35.3 (13.8)) were analyzed. 244 patients had no eye or GI disease, 83 had eye, 111 GI and 46 both eye and GI involvement. Both groups of azathioprine treated and untreated patients showed improvement in their disease activity scores but the improvement were more pronounced for GI disease by BSAS. RAPID3 responses were more in the azathioprine treated group with eye and both eye and GI disease. Patients with no eye or GI disease did similarly with or without azathioprine. Conclusions In this cohort of 484 Behcet patients, some treatment response differences were noted between patients with eye or GI involvement vs those who did not have these. Overall, azathioprine, led to better outcomes regardless of organ involvement. It was possible to demonstrate these improvements using patient reported outcomes, RAPID3 and BSAS, as part of routine clinical care. Disclosure of Interest Y. Yazici Grant/Research support from: Abbott, BMS, Celgene, Genentech, Consultant for: Abbott, BMS, Centocor, Celgene, Pfizer, genentech, UCB, Takeda, A. Regens: None Declared, C. Swearingen: None Declared
The lived experience of schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-synthesis

ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a serious mental illness characterized by abnormal patterns of thought and perception. What has been studied less often is the personal experience of having schizophrenia. Qualitative studies have been illuminating in this regard, and the purpose of this meta-synthesis is to determine the themes that can be identified across those studies. The inclusion criteria required that the studies employed qualitative methods, that participants had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, and the studies focused on their “lived experience.” After applying search criteria to databases, 27 studies were included in the meta-synthesis. Five major themes were identified in the results, including: (1) the experience of symptoms; (2) the process of acceptance; (3) personal relationships; (4) treatment experiences; and (5) spiritual practices and faith. Implications of these results are explored.
Learning About Community in a First Semester Learning Community: How Community Based Projects Strengthen Student Engagement

In this chapter, I will discuss how community based projects in the classroom can be used to strengthen student engagement in campus communities. The theoretical framework within Student Affairs shows that increased student engagement in campus activities tends to lead to an increase in student persistence and graduation. This chapter illustrates the way that my learning community partner and I used two projects in our freshman learning community to encourage our students to connect with campus communities. The first project, a collage project, asked students to work in small groups to define community. The second project required the students to investigate communities on campus, in an attempt to encourage the students to find a campus community to connect with. I discuss the students’ reactions to this project, including the ways that they did and did not engage with on campus communities, and their publicly optimistic and privately pessimistic views on community.
Probe on the Sustainable Use of the Tourism Resource Based on Recycling Economy in Henan province

The sustainable use of tourism resource is the core problem to realize the sustainable development of tourism.The tourism resource in henna province is rich and various and has strong influence.However,with the boom of tourism,the tourism resource is facing more pressure and threat.Recycling economy is a complete new developing ad ios arising in a situation where the contemporary environment problems are getting worse.,as well as close related to the sustainable development of tourism.Based on the principles of the sus-tainable economy theory and aimed at the problems arising during the exploitation of the tourism resource in henna province,the following article will put forward some proposals on the sustainable use of the tourism re-source under the recycling economy.
How Do We Ensure a “Good” Repair in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation?

In this issue of the Journal , Nappi et al. [(1)][1] publish a well-written paper, in which they present 5-year outcomes of a small clinical trial of 96 patients with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) undergoing coronary bypass as well as undersized mitral valve annuloplasty. In addition,
Input responsiveness: using canary inputs to dynamically steer approximation

This paper introduces Input Responsive Approximation (IRA), an approach that uses a canary input — a small program input carefully constructed to capture the intrinsic properties of the original input — to automatically control how program approximation is applied on an input-by-input basis. Motivating this approach is the observation that many of the prior techniques focusing on choosing how to approximate arrive at conservative decisions by discounting substantial differences between inputs when applying approximation. The main challenges in overcoming this limitation lie in making the choice of how to approximate both effectively (e.g., the fastest approximation that meets a particular accuracy target) and rapidly for every input. With IRA, each time the approximate program is run, a canary input is constructed and used dynamically to quickly test a spectrum of approximation alternatives. Based on these runtime tests, the approximation that best fits the desired accuracy constraints is selected and applied to the full input to produce an approximate result. We use IRA to select and parameterize mixes of four approximation techniques from the literature for a range of 13 image processing, machine learning, and data mining applications. Our results demonstrate that IRA significantly outperforms prior approaches, delivering an average of 10.2× speedup over exact execution while minimizing accuracy losses in program outputs.
Kronecker's Theory of Binary Bilinear Forms with Applications to Representations of Integers as Sums of Three Squares

OF DISSERTATION Kronecker’s Theory of Binary Bilinear Forms with Applications to Representations of Integers as Sums of Three Squares In 1883 Leopold Kronecker published a paper containing a few explanatory remarks to an earlier paper of his from 1866. His work loosely connected the theory of integral binary bilinear forms to the theory of integral binary quadratic forms. In this dissertation we discover the statements within Kronecker’s paper and offer detailed arithmetic proofs. We begin by developing the theory of binary bilinear forms and their automorphs, providing a classification of integral binary bilinear forms up to equivalence, proper equivalence and complete equivalence. In the second chapter we introduce the class number, proper class number and complete class number as well as two refinements, which facilitate the development of a connection with binary quadratic forms. Our third chapter is devoted to deriving several class number formulas in terms of divisors of the determinant. This chapter also contains lower bounds on the class number for bilinear forms and classifies when these bounds are attained. Lastly, we use the class number formulas to rigorously develop Kronecker’s connection between binary bilinear forms and binary quadratic forms. We supply purely arithmetic proofs of five results stated but not proven in the original paper. We conclude by giving an application of this material to the number of representations of an integer as a sum of three squares and show the resulting formula is equivalent to the well-known result due to Gauss.
Laser Applications In Adult Laryngeal Surgery

In adult microlaryngeal surgery appropriate application of the laser can result in improved therapeutic outcomes. Used injudiciously, however, the laser will impart heat energy which can irreversibly alter postoperative laryngeal vibratory characteristics. This article discusses the equipment, safety precautions, and clinical applications of lasers in adult laryngeal surgery because the laser remains a valuable tool for the treatment of specific laryngeal diseases.
Autoregulation of CBF in Response to Changes in Arterial and Intracranial Pressure after Experimental Head Injury

Reductions in cerebral perfusion pressure are common in head injured patients. The reduction may be due either to arterial hypotension in patients with multiple injuries or to elevated ICP in patients with severe head injury. Such secondary insults are likely to result in cerebral ischemia in the head injured. Graham et al. (1978) have documented ischemic brain damage in more than 90% of autopsied patients with fatal head injuries. The belief that autoregulation of CBF is disturbed in certain areas of the severely head injured is commonly accepted (Obrist et al. 1979, Overgaard and Tweed 1974, Smith et al. 1977) but not as a generalized phenomena. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that regulation of regional CBF in response to changes in cerebral perfusion pressure is disturbed after head injury in areas of the brain not directly affected by trauma and that the severity of head injury is directly related to the degree of impairment of autoregulation.
Revival resonant scattering, perfect caustics and isotropic transport of pseudospin-1 particles

We report unusual physics associated with wave scattering in pseudospin-1 systems whose band structure consists of a conventional Dirac cone and a topologically flat band. First, for small scatterer size, we find a surprising revival resonant scattering phenomenon and identify a peculiar type of boundary trapping profile through the formation of unusual vortices as the physical mechanism. Second, for larger scatterer size, a perfect caustic phenomenon arises as a manifestation of the super-Klein tunneling effect, leading to the scatterer's being effectively as a Veselago lens. Third, in the far scattering field, an unexpected isotropic behavior emerges at low energies, which can be attributed to the vanishing Berry phase for massless pseudospin-1 particles and, consequently, to constructive interference between the time-reversed backscattering paths. We develop an analytic theory based on the generalized Dirac-Weyl equation to fully explain these phenomena and articulate experimental schemes with photonic or electronic systems.
Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Premature Newborns: Early Results and Midterm Follow-Up

Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to describe early and midterm outcomes of extremely premature newborns (EPNs) who underwent transcatheter echocardiographically guided patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure. Background Surgical ligation of PDA in EPNs confers significant risk for procedural morbidity and adverse long-term outcomes. Methods The Amplatzer Vascular Plug II was used in all cases. Post-ligation syndrome was defined using previously published parameters. Patients were followed at pre-specified intervals, and prospectively collected data were reviewed. Results Transcatheter closure was attempted in 24 EPNs (mean procedural age 30 days [range 5 to 80 days], mean procedural weight 1,249 g [range 755 to 2,380 g]) and was successful in 88%. The 3 procedural failures were related to the development of left pulmonary artery (LPA) stenosis caused by the device, and all devices were removed uneventfully. Complications included 2 instances of device malposition, resolved with device repositioning, and 1 instance of LPA stenosis, requiring an LPA stent. There were no procedural deaths, cases of post-ligation syndrome, residual PDA, or device embolization. Survival to discharge was 96% (23 of 24), with a single late death unrelated to the procedure. After a median follow-up period of 11.1 months, all patients were alive and well, with no residual PDA or evidence of LPA or aortic coarctation. Conclusions This newly described technique can be performed safely with a high success rate and minimal procedural morbidity in EPNs. Early and midterm follow-up is encouraging. Future efforts should be directed toward developing specific devices for this unique application.
Analysis of the Motility Properties of the Kinesin-4 Familiy Members KIF7 and KIF27

The kinesins are a large superfamily of ATP-dependent motor proteins that can walk along microtubules to transport cargo. Some members of the kinesin-4 family have been shown to play critical roles in Hedgehog signal transduction. However, no motility has been observed for the Drosophila motor Costal2 (COS2) and its mammalian homologue KIF7 appears to lack the ability to undergo processive motility. Thus, the motility and enzymatic properties, and thus the functional roles, of the COS2/KIF7/KIF27 subfamily remain poorly understood.