cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental variation of near-bottom current speeds and its effects on depth distribution of sand-living meiofauna

Meiofauna are eroded from sediments and transported in the water column. To examine how meiofauna respond to erosive currents, in situ current speeds were altered on an intertidal sandflat located in Bogue Sound, North Carolina, USA in July 1982. Replicates of two different weir designs were erected. One design increased measured current speed and the other, a control, did not. The depth distributions of meiofauna in each treatment and from undisturbed sediment were compared. There were few differences among treatments in depth distribution of the most abundant taxa: nematodes, turbellarians, and ciliates (>37-μm-long). However, a significant amount of sediment erosion (a mean of almost 0.5 cm in 2 h) occured in the increased flow treatment. Meiofauna responded to the loss of sediment with no discernable differences in depth distribution relative to the controls. There was some evidence that nematodes were less abundant and ciliates more abundant in the top 0.5 cm of the increased flow treatment. This may indicate that nematodes respond to fast surface current speeds by moving deeper into the sediments, while ciliates manage to remain near the surface even as sediment erodes. The entrainment of meiofauna may be passive but meiofauna clearly exert considerable behavioral influence over their susceptibility to entrainment.
Spinal projections from the midbrain in monkey.

Neurons descending from the midbrain to the spinal cord in the monkey were identified with the retrograde horseradish peroxidase technique. Beginning in the caudal midbrain and extending anteriorly beneath the superior colliculus, large numbers of neurons of the nucleus cuneiformis and lateral central gray were found to project ipsilaterally to the spinal cord. In the posterolateral superior colliculus, neurons of the intermediate and deep layers, stratum griseum intermediale and stratum griseum profundum, were found to give rise to contralateral projections to the upper cervical spinal segments. An ipsilateral tectospinal projection from the anteromedial part of the collicus may also exist. In the red nucleus, neurons of the magnocellular division were shown to give rise to a somatotopically organized projection to the upper cervical cord and spinal enlargements. No neurons of the parvocellular red nucleus were labeled from the spinal cord. In the anterior midbrain, neurons of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, and the adjacent dorsomedial and ventromedial midbrain tegmentum were found to give rise to an extensive ipsilateral descending spinal projection. Neurons located in various midline nuclei including the supratrochlear nucleus, oculomotor nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and the ventral part of the central gray were also labeled from the spinal cord. These findings indicate that the primate midbrain is the origin of an extensive system of descending spinal pathways, some of which are likely to be involved in mediating descending influences involved in complex motor and sensory behavior.
WHAT IS A SCIENTIFIC WORLD VIEW, AND HOW DOES IT BEAR ON THE INTERPLAY OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION?

Abstract. What is a scientific worldview, and why should we care? One worldview can knit together various notions, and therefore understanding a worldview requires analysis of its component parts. Stripped to its minimum, a scientific worldview consists strictly of falsifiable components. Such a worldview, based solely on ideas that can be tested with empirical observation, conforms to the highest levels of objectivity but is severely limited in utility. The limits arise for two reasons: first, many falsifiable ideas cannot be tested adequately until their repercussions already have been felt; second, the reach of science is limited, and ethics, which compose an inevitable part of any useful worldview, are largely unfalsifiable. Thus, a worldview that acts only on scientific components is crippled by a lack of moral relevance. Organized religion traditionally has played a central role in defining moral values, but it lost much of its influence after the discovery that key principles (such as the personal Creator of Genesis) contradict empirical reality. The apparent conundrum is that strictly scientific worldviews are amoral, while many long-held religious worldviews have proven unscientific. The way out of this conundrum is to recognize that nonscientific ideas, as distinct from unscientific ideas, are acceptable components of a scientific worldview, because they do not contradict science. Nonscientific components of a worldview should draw upon scientific findings to explore traditional religious themes, such as faith and taboo. In contrast, unscientific ideas have been falsified and survive only via ignorance, denial, wishful thinking, blind faith, and institutional inertia. A worldview composed of both scientific components and scientifically informed nonscientific components can be both objective and ethically persuasive.
Positive Coping Strategies among Immigrant Cambodian Families: An Ethnographic Case Study

This longitudinal, qualitative research study was employed to study service use among poor immigrant families in the context of their neighborhoods. Researchers interviewed Southeast Asian families over a 2-year period. It was discovered that these families did not rely on traditional service-delivery models to fulfill family needs. Rather, families tended to rely on each other. We discovered a variety of family strengths, that is, mechanisms that help families adapt and survive. Emerging themes include a focus on education for children, an emphasis on children's safety, insulation of family members, and a reliance on close family and community members. Family and consumer science professionals can benefit by gaining a greater understanding of the history of Cambodian refugees and by recognizing their strengths and coping strategies.
Non-particle filters

We have developed a new nonlinear filter that is superior to particle filters in five ways: (1) it exploits smoothness; (2) it uses an exact solution of the Fokker-Planck equation in continuous time; (3) it uses an FFT to compute the effect of process noise at discrete times; (4) it uses the adjoint method to compute the optimal density of points in state space to represent the smooth conditional probability density, and (5) it uses Bayes' rule exactly by exploiting the exponential family of probability densities. In contrast to particle filters, which do not exploit smoothness, the new filter does not use importance sampling or Monte Carlo methods. The new non-particle filter should be superior to particle filters for a broad class of practical problems. In particular, the new filter should dramatically reduce the curse of dimensionality for many (but not all) important real world nonlinear filter problems.
A Comparison of the Occupational Distributions of Native‐ and Foreign‐Born Males: An Immigration Consideration

. A qualitative response model of occupational choice is employed to investigate differences in the occupational structures of native-and foreign-born men in the United States labor market. Analysis of data from the 1980 U.S. Census of Population indicates that, given their human capital trails, foreign-born males are proportionately represented across occupational categories. The results are supportive of the hypothesis of Chiswickand others that, because of favorable self-selection, foreign-born male workers are likely to succeed in the U.S. labor market.
Negative affectivity and the reporting of stressful life events.

Maddi, Bartone, and Puccetti (1987) and Schroeder and Costa (1984) reported inconsistent findings regarding the impact of negative affectivity (NA; i.e., neuroticism) contaminated life event items on observed life event-illness relationships. Here, unlike the previous studied, such contaminated items were nonjudgmentally identified. Among a sample of managers and professionals, it was found that NA-contaminated items correlated significantly with three measures of well-being (depression, life satisfaction, and physical symptoms) and that uncontaminated items were unassociated with the well-being indicators. Moreover, in two of three cases, the correlations between contaminated items and the well-being measures were significantly different from the correlations between uncontaminated items and the well-being indicators. Therefore, we concluded that prior life event-well-being findings are inflated considerably by the use of NA-contaminated events. Suggestions for future life events research that incorporate the NA construct are detailed.
Numerical Modeling of Fluidic Pumping in Micronetworks of Plants

Plant transport mechanisms are of interest in developing micropump for engineering devices. We present a two-dimensional phloem loading and transport model incorporating protein level mechanics with cellular level fluid mechanics. Governing Navier-Stokes, continuity, and Nernst-Planck equations are numerically solved to determine fluid flow and sugar transport. Phloem loading mechanics for active loading is incorporated through a six-state proton sucrose pump kinetic model. The influence of binding rates constants, concentrations, and membrane electrical potential differences on resulting sucrose transport is studied. Numerical results show that increasing rates of the sucrose transporter will noticeably increase outflow. Simulation result also show that a lower leaf sieve sucrose concentration improves outflow. In addition, a more negative membrane electrical potential difference will increase outflow. This numerical model offers insight on parameters that may be significant for implementing plant transport mechanisms in microfluidic devices.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Prospective comparison of minimally invasive and standard techniques for aortic valve replacement: initial experience in the first hundred patients.

Background:Aortic valve replacement (AVR) can be performed through a partial upper sternotomy. In this study we compared the early postoperative outcome in two groups of patients who underwent AVR with a minimally invasive procedure(n = 30)or with a conventional approach(n = 70). The predicted operative mortality (Parsonnet Index) was slightly higher in the conventional group(17.69 ± 0.85 versus 12.7 ± 1.02), reflecting the greater mean age of the patients(70.96 ± 1.17 versus 64.20 ± 2.57). Results: The distribution of the different etiologies of aortic valve pathology did not differ between groups. There was no postoperative death in the mini-invasive group. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer in the mini-invasive group, but the other operative parameters did not differ between groups. Postoperative morbidity regarding the need for blood transfusion, the duration of assisted ventilation, length of stay in the intensive care unit, and abnormalities of cardiac rhythm and conduction was slightly but not significantly reduced in the mini-invasive group. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that a partial upper sternotomy is a safe and effective technique for AVR. Postoperative morbidity is not significantly reduced in patients undergoing AVR by this approach. Further studies in a larger patient population are necessary to assess whether postoperative morbidity is significantly reduced.(J Card Surg 2003;18:133-139)
Non-Orthogonal Grids in Two-Dimensional Transmission-Line Metamaterials

Characteristics of two-dimensional metamaterials based on non-orthogonal grids of transmission lines are investigated. From periodic analysis on a unit cell, the dispersion function is derived and compared with the orthogonal grid case. Isomorphism between Kirchhoff's circuital laws and two-dimensional Maxwell's equations is utilized to characterize the effective medium parameters. It is shown that a non-orthogonal grid structure is effective in realizing two-dimensional full-tensor anisotropic medium parameters in a simple geometrical configuration. For verification, a design example is provided where a probe current radiates near a planar interface between two anisotropic media and the results are compared with the analytical solution.
Time partitioning in cratonic carbonate rocks

Dissimilarity in relations between thickness, duration, and accumulation rate in Holocene sections, metre-scale Phanerozoic cycles, and epoch-interval Phanerozoic sequences reflects variation in the distribution of depositional and hiatal time at different scales of observation. Modern accumulation rates are strongly dependent on duration of deposition; lower rates correspond to longer durations. Phanerozoic cycle thicknesses are similar to those of Holocene sections, suggesting that both formed while filling similar amounts of accommodation space. However, accumulation rates of Phanerozoic cycles and sequences are about two orders of magnitude less than in modern settings, and they show neither strong dependence on duration of accumulation nor significant variation over Phanerozoic time. Hence, net accumulation is primarily controlled by regional subsidence rate. These relations also allow for determination of that fraction of cycle period recorded as rock and that corresponding to hiatal time at intercycle boundaries. Depending on subsidence rate and amount of compaction, most cratonic carbonate units accumulated over 3% to 30% of the time represented by sequences in which they occur.
Measurement Properties of the Motivation for Youth Treatment Scale with a Residential Group Home Population.

A client’s motivation to receive services is significantly related to seeking services, remaining in services, and improved outcomes. The Motivation for Youth Treatment Scale (MYTS) is one of the few brief measures used to assess motivation for mental health treatment. To investigate if the psychometric properties of the MYTS previously found for youth receiving outpatient treatment would be replicated in a sample of youth entering residential care. The study was conducted at a large residential group care agency in the Midwest with 145 youth who completed the 8-item MYTS upon intake into the group homes. To investigate the psychometrics of the MYTS, we used classical test theory, Rasch modeling, and confirmatory factor analysis approaches. Most of the psychometric properties were strong and replicated previous research in outpatient settings. The primary divergent finding was that the two subscales, problem recognition and treatment readiness were not significantly correlated in the residential sample, in contrast to the moderate correlations found in outpatient samples. The MYTS can be recommended for use in residential settings, however, researchers and practitioners should carefully examine the sub-scale scores. Future research needs to replicate these findings in residential settings and further explore why the two subscales are minimally correlated.
German collectivism and the welfare state

In contrast to members of other developed, capitalist societies, Germans still attach some positive connotations to collectivism. In particular, they see the welfare state as a guarantor of collective security and social harmony, and as an agent of national interests by means of macroeconomic planning. The combination of collectivist social goals and statist means can be traced back to the Protestant Reformation in Germany, when the political vacuum left by the defeat of Roman internationalism was filled by local, secular governments which took over responsibility for the collective welfare of their subjects. The welfare state began in Germany as a stringent moral order; it was acceptable to the emerging middle class because public welfare was associated with the suppression of idiosyncratic desire. The maintenance of public welfare was viewed as a precondition for economic and military viability, encouraging the growth of state power in the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The collective ...
p82H identifies sequences at every human centromere

A cloned alphoid sequence, p82H, hybridizes in situ to the centromere of every human chromosome. After washing under stringent conditions, no more than 8% of the grains are located on any specific chromosome. p82H thus differs from other centromeric sequences which are reported to be chromosome specific, because it detects sequences that are conserved among the chromosomes. Two experimental approaches show that the p82H sequences are closely associated with the centromere. First, p82H remains with the relocated centromeres in an inv(19) and an inv(6) chromosome. Second, p82H hybridizes at the centromere but not to the centromeric heterochromatin of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 that have elongated 1qh, 9qh and 16qh regions produced by short growth in 5-azacytidine. The only noncentromeric site of hybridization is at the distal end of the 9qh region.
Physical mapping of the human neurotensin gene (NTS) between markers D12S1444 and D12S81 on chromosome 12q21.

Neurotensin (NTS) is an endogenous tridecapeptide of the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract of different mammalian species including human. The human gene encoding neurotensin has previously been assigned to chromosome 12 but no regional localization was available. We now confirm this assignment and place the NTS gene on the physical and cytogenetic maps. The NTS gene is located on a yeast artificial chromosome contig that contains several polymorphic markers and is close to a polymorphic marker located at 95.8 cM on the Genethon linkage map. NTS is immediately proximal to four polymorphic markers, including D12S81 (AFM102xg9) and D12S88 (AFM158yb4). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we map the gene cytogenetically to band 12q21.
Loss of Calsequestrin (Casq2) in the Heart Increases Spark Frequency and Alters Spark Properties

Lack of Casq2 causes spontaneous Ca2+ releases from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and catecholaminergic-polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. We tested the hypothesis that lack of Casq2 alters elementary Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks) by comparing spark properties of ventricular myocytes isolated from wild-type (WT) and Casq2 null (Casq2-/-) mice. Sparks were recorded in line-scan mode and analyzed with SparkMaster. Spark mass was calculated as amplitude×1.206×FWHM3. SR Ca2+ load was measured by rapid application of caffeine. In intact Casq2-/- myocytes stimulated with 100nM isoproterenol, spark amplitude and spark width (FWHM) increased compared to WT (0.77±0.019 vs. 0.39±0.02 Δ(F/Fo), and 2.4±0.03 vs. 1.3±0.05μm, 1095 and 105 sparks respectively), resulting in larger spark mass (20±1.4 vs. 2.2±0.4 Δ(F/Fo).μm3). Time-to-peak and spark duration (FDHM) were 2.5-fold longer and spark frequency was 4-fold higher in Casq2-/- myocytes (2.4±0.2 vs. 0.5±0.08 sparks×100μm-1×s-1). Spark-mediated leak (spark mass×spark frequency) was much larger (47.6 vs. 1.2 Δ(F/Fo) μm3). In saponin-permeabilized myocytes, spark-mediated leak and spark frequency were also higher in Casq2-/- myocytes (249.2 vs. 171.3 Δ(F/Fo)μm3, and 9.5±1 vs. 4.2±1 sparks×100μm-1×s-1, 587 and 333 sparks for Casq-/- and WT respectively), but the differences between Casq-/- and WT were less pronounced compared to intact myocytes. This may be a consequence of the increased spark-mediated SR Ca2+ leak resulting in significantly decreased SR Ca2+ load in permeabilized Casq2-/- cells (−25% at baseline and −31% with 50μM cAMP, n= 10-16 myocytes per group).Conclusions: Lack of Casq2 in cardiac myocytes increases the spark frequency and the spark-mediated leak. This is still observed in permeabilized cells despite decreased SR Ca2+ load, suggesting that this is due to a primary Casq2 effect on RyR2 SR Ca2+ release channels. This may be in part responsible for the increased arrhythmia susceptibility in Casq2-/- mice.
Analysis of Component Findings in 79 Patients Diagnosed with VACTERL Association

VACTERL association is a relatively common condition, though the causes remain poorly understood. We present data on 79 patients diagnosed with VACTERL association and perform statistical analysis on a selected subset of 60 patients with at least three component features, and who, after review, did not meet criteria for a likely alternate diagnosis. Considered individually, no two component features are significantly associated, but several multivariate statistical techniques suggest novel patterns of the co-occurrence of component features, and latent class cluster analysis demonstrates the presence of five major subgroups of patients. These findings have implications for both our understanding of VACTERL association and for the approach to research involving this condition.
Atomic layer deposited HfO2 gate dielectrics for low-voltage operating, high-performance poly-(3-hexythiophene) organic thin-film transistors

Abstract Here we report on low-supply voltage and high-performance regioregular poly-(3-hexythiophene) (P3HT) organic thin-film transistors (OTFT) using a thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO2 gate dielectric. For the capacitance–voltage characteristics, the measured gate capacitance was ∼392 nF/cm2 at 1 kHz and the dielectric constant was estimated ∼18.5 for a 40 nm thick ALD HfO2 gate dielectric. The gate dielectric showed breakdown fields >5 MV/cm with the leakage current density less than 10−7 A/cm2 at 2 MV/cm. With octadecyltrichlorosilane-treated ALD HfO2 gate dielectrics, P3HT OTFTs demonstrated high field-effect mobilities up to ∼0.01 ± 0.002 cm2/V s in the saturation region with the drain voltage of −5 V, which is at least one order of magnitude higher than typically reported mobilities particularly for low-voltage regioregular P3HT OTFTs using high-k inorganic gate dielectrics. The threshold voltage in the saturation region and on–off current ratio were measured to be −1.2 ± 0.2 V and ∼1.1(±0.1) × 104, respectively.
Imagining the Congo: The International Relations of Identity

Imagining the Congo: The International Relations of Identity. By Kevin C. Dunn. New York: Palgrave, 2003. 228p. $79.95 cloth, $26.95 paper. Created to conceal foreign exploitation of ivory and rubber, the Congo represented the instrument of an extractive colonization system, before turning violent and paternalistic. The Congo is the most egregious example of the ruthless exploitation of Africans for riches. Its independence came suddenly and unexpectedly in 1960, the peaceful handover of power being marred only by flashes of bad temper and recrimination. Once independent, the country descended into five years of sheer chaos combining mutinies, secessions, rebellions, coups, and a botched UN intervention, followed by several years of stifling arbitrary rule, predation, economic ruin, and civil war.
Correlations between the far-infrared, radio, and blue luminosities of spiral galaxies

FIR-radio luminosity correlations are presently derived for two statistically complete samples spanning a wide luminosity range. While observed correlations are tight, they are not linear; the observed scattering is mostly intrinsic. An empirical correction to the radio luminosities, based on observed blue luminosities, makes the corrected FIR-radio correlation linear and eliminates most of the residual variance. A two-component model that is consistent with the improved correlation is proposed for the heating luminosity within galaxies. The first, radio-loud component contains young massive stars that heat the dust, while contributing to the cool cirrus dust-heating interstellar radiation field. The second, radio-quiet component is made up of less massive older stars.
SU‐FF‐I‐45: Effects of Patient Positions On PET Tumor Volume Assessment in Lung Cancer

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different patient positions on the PET and CTimage registration, and to delineate more accurate PET metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs) using a deformable image registration in lungcancer. When PET and CT systems are used as stand alone modalities, the patient arm positions are usually different. We used a deformable image registration method to fuse PET and CTimages with different patient positions. Method and Materials: PET and CTimages were acquired for 10 lungcancer patients. Both arms were placed at sides for PET imaging, but arms were up for CTimaging. The images were registered using an iterative non‐rigid algorithm (REVEAL‐MVS) based on voxel intensities. The displacements after the image registration were measured in the lung boundaries with axial and coronal images. The MTV and its mean standardized uptake value (SUV) in the PET images were measured before and after the non‐rigid image registration.Results: The displacements in the lung boundaries and diaphragm ranged from 1.85 to 3.89 cm for coronal images and from 1.57 to 2.42 cm for axial images. In 5 out of 10 cases the PET‐MTV became greater and the mean SUV became smaller after the non‐rigid image registration. The PET MTVs before and after the deformable image registration resulted in the volume differences of −1.8 cm3 to +29.3 cm3 and in the percent difference of −25% to ±41%. Conclusion: The different patient positions (arms‐down for PET; arms‐up for CT) in stand alone PET and CT systems yielded different PET tumor volume, extent and location. The non‐rigid image registration should be used to obtain more accurate PET MTV and its location. The PET MTV using a deformable registration method may be utilized for CT‐based radiation treatment planning in lungcancer.
Protein phosphatase 2A enhances the proapoptotic function of Bax through dephosphorylation.

Bax is a major proapoptotic member of the Bcl2 family that is required for apoptotic cell death. We have recently discovered that Bax phosphorylation at serine 184 induced by nicotine through activation of protein kinase AKT abolishes its proapoptotic function in human lung cancer cells. Here we found that either treatment of cells with the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid or specific disruption of PP2A activity by expression of SV40 small tumor antigen enhanced Bax phosphorylation, whereas C2-ceramide, a potent PP2A activator, reduced nicotine-induced Bax phosphorylation, suggesting that PP2A may function as a physiological Bax phosphatase. PP2A co-localized and interacted with Bax. Purified, active PP2A directly dephosphorylated Bax in vitro. Overexpression of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2A/C) suppressed nicotine-stimulated Bax phosphorylation in association with increased apoptotic cell death. By contrast, depletion of PP2A/C by RNA interference enhanced Bax phosphorylation and prolonged cell survival. Mechanistically C2-ceramide-induced Bax dephosphorylation caused a conformational change by exposure of the 6A7 epitope (amino acids 13-19) that is normally hidden at its N terminus that promoted the insertion of Bax into mitochondrial membranes and formation of Bax oligomers leading to cytochrome c release and apoptosis. In addition, PP2A directly disrupted the Bcl2/Bax association to liberate Bax from the heterodimer complex. Thus, PP2A may function as a physiological Bax regulatory phosphatase that not only dephosphorylates Bax but also activates its proapoptotic function.
The Use of Empirically Supported Strategies for Building a Therapeutic Relationship With an Adolescent With Oppositional-Defiant Disorder

Abstract Manualized evidence-based treatments, particularly behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions, have been found efficacious for the treatment of adolescents with oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD). However, despite research that underscores the importance of the therapeutic relationship for the success of treatment, manuals do not adequately address how a therapist should engage an adolescent and his/her family in treatment. This paper demonstrates how to utilize findings from the empirical literature on youth and parent engagement when delivering evidence-based treatment to an adolescent diagnosed with ODD. Examples of strategies for engaging adolescents and parents in treatment are provided.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Plutonium at the Advanced Light Source

We are developing a program to perform Photoelectron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy upon highly radioactive samples, particularly Plutonium, at the Advanced Light Source in Berkeley, CA, USA. First results from alpha and delta Plutonium are reported as well as plans for a dedicated spectrometer for actinide studies.
Poorer Phonetic Perceivers Show Greater Benefit in Phonetic-Phonological Speech Learning.

Purpose Previous research has demonstrated that native English speakers can learn lexical tones in word context (pitch-to-word learning), to an extent. However, learning success depends on learners...
Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America

Winner of the Pulitzer prize in 1993, this is an account of the making of Lincoln's revolutionary masterpiece. Lincoln was asked to prepare a memorial for the battle at Gettysburg. Instead, he gave the whole nation "a birth of freedom" - by tracing its birth to the Declaration of Independence (which called all men equal) rather than the Constitution (which tolerated slavery). In the space of a mere 272 words, Lincoln combines the rhetoric of the Greek Revival and the categories of Transcendentalism, to provide stunning imagery of the Rural Cemetery Movement. His entire previous life and training, his deep political experience, went into this, his masterpiece.
Fundamental Frequencies of Satellite Relative Motion and Control of Formations

Expressions for the fundamental natural frequencies associated with J 2 -perturbed relative motion of satellites in near-circular orbits are derived. Special values of the orbit inclination, dependent on initial conditions, are obtained, for which the in-plane and out-of-plane fundamental frequencies remain equal to each other over an extended period of time, resulting in nonprecessing relative orbits. This result validates and generalizes a similar finding, based on numerical investigations by other researchers. The analysis is extended to the developments of accurate prediction and control models for fuel-optimal formation maintenance and intersatellite fuel balancing. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed models and the effects of frequency matching on control requirements.
Book Review: Cruise ship tourism by Ross K. Dowling

Cruise ship tourism by Ross K. Dowling. Wallingford, CABI, 2006. 441 pp. ISBN 1-84593-048-7
Metallaboranes of the earlier transition metals. An arachno nine-vertex, nine-skeletal electron pair rhenaborane of novel shape: importance of total vertex connectivities in such systems

The synthesis and characterization of Cp*2Re2B7H11 provides the first example of an open hypoelectronic metallaborane which is shown to possess an arachno geometry based on a total vertex connectivity identical with that of a canonical arachno nine-vertex, twelve-skeletal electron pair cluster.
Incorporation of prior knowledge for region of change imaging from sparse scan data in image-guided surgery

This paper proposes to utilize a patient-specific prior to augment intraoperative sparse-scan data to accurately reconstruct the aspects of the region that have changed by a surgical procedure in image-guided surgeries. When anatomical changes are introduced by a surgical procedure, only a sparse set of x-ray images are acquired, and the prior volume is registered to these data. Since all the information of the patient anatomy except for the surgical change is already known from the prior volume, we highlight only the change by creating difference images between the new scan and digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRR) computed from the registered prior volume. The region of change (RoC) is reconstructed from these sparse difference images by a penalized likelihood (PL) reconstruction method regularized by a compressed sensing penalty. When the surgical changes are local and relatively small, the RoC reconstruction involves only a small volume size and a small number of projections, allowing much faster computation and lower radiation dose than is needed to reconstruct the entire surgical volume. The reconstructed RoC merges with the prior volume to visualize an updated surgical field. We apply this novel approach to sacroplasty phantom data obtained from a conebeam CT (CBCT) test bench and vertebroplasty data with a fresh cadaver acquired from a C-arm CBCT system with a flat-panel detector (FPD).
Stability Analysis of Magnetostatic Boundary Value Problems for Magnetic SMAs

Magnetic shape memory alloys have been the subject of much research in recent years as potential high actuation energy multifunctional materials. They can be considered as continua that deform under mechanical and magnetic forces. The constitutive magnetization response of such materials is highly non-linear with magnetic field. A boundary value problem where Maxwell's equations of the magnetostatic problem are coupled with the non-linear constitutive behavior is solved using finite element analysis. The numerical simulation reveals localization zones of the field variables, which appear due to loss of ellipticity of the magneto- static problem. Stability analysis is performed by considering the characteristics of the mag- netostatic field equations.
Can We Eliminate Certificate Revocations Lists

We briefly consider certificate revocation lists (CRLs), and ask whether they could, and should, be eliminated, in favor of other mechanisms. In most cases, the answer seems to be “yes.” We suggest some possible replacement mechanisms.
Re-examination of meaningfulness in luminous design phenomena.

-Previous studies concerning the influence of stimulus meaningfulness on perceptual stability have yielded conflicting data owing to both equivocal definitions of meaningfulness and uncontrolled variations in stimuli. In this study, increasing degrees of stimulus meaningfulness were defined in terms of a corresponding increase in the number of perceptual modalities with which Ss had access to an otherwise invariant stimulus. The stimulus was a luminous 256 coin presented in a dark room, and associated with one of three degrees of meaningfulness. 3 groups of male and female undergraduates, assigned meaningfulness conditions, depressed a key at the occasions and for the durations of stimulus fragmentation. Frequency and duration measures of fragmentation indicated that stimulus meaningfulness increases perceptual stability, and these findings clarify some aspects of previous reports.
Quadrupole Effects in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of Polycrystalline Copper and Cobalt Complexes

A second-order theory, including quadrupole effects and transitions with Δm I > 0, for the calculation of EPR spectra of polycrystalline samples of S = ½ transition-metal ion complexes possessing axial symmetry has been developed. With this theory the EPR spectrum of Cu(acac)2 in Pd(acac)2 and that of Na4CoPTS in DMSO could be explained in detail. The effects of electric quadrupole interaction together with a large anisotropy in the nuclear hyperfine coupling are shown. The advantages of obtaining spectra at two frequencies for the determination of reliable spin-Hamiltonian parameters are demonstrated.
On the proluminal movement of 3H-androgens across the rat epididymal epithelium.

3H-Androgens in rat epididymal interstitium have previously been shown to move into the epididymal lumen against a concentration gradient. This is true especially in the caput epididymidis. The present investigation used the technique of in vivo epididymal perifusion and tubule micropuncture to demonstrate that the proluminal movement of 3H-androgens is subject to competitive inhibition (unlabeled testosterone in the perifusion fluid at 10 times and 100 times the concentration of 3H-testosterone significantly reduced proluminal movement of isotope) and is not energy-dependent (1 mM 2,4-dinitrophenol in perifusion fluid did not reduce the proluminal movement of isotope). Additionally, dry-mount autoradiography demonstrated high intraluminal concentrations of isotope relative to interstitial concentrations after caput tubule incubation in 3H-dihydrotestosterone (3H-DHT), and showed that the high intraluminal concentrations of isotope were not dependent on the presence of spermatozoa, i.e. proluminal movement of 3H-androgens was not due to binding to intraluminal spermatozoa. Isolation of caput epididymidal sperm on filters followed by 3H-DHT binding experiments also failed to demonstrate the presence of specific binding of this androgen to spermatozoa. Finally, it was confirmed that electrophoresed epididymal lumen fluid contains a single 3H-DHT binding peak that is at its highest concentration in the caput epididymal fluid. These data are consistent with the conclusion that intraluminal androgen-binding protein is an important factor in transepithelial androgen movement.
Comparison of Single- and Two-Bolted LVL Perpendicular-to-Grain Connections. I: National Design Specification for Wood Construction Equations

AbstractLittle research is available for perpendicular-to-grain connections in wood using multiple bolts. Experimental testing of single- and two-bolt connections was compared with predicted values from General Dowel Equations for Calculating Lateral Connection Values Technical Report 12. Two different laminated veneer lumber materials were tested with variable loaded-edge distances, and variable bolt sizes in both single- and two-bolt connections. Splitting failures, and crushing of main member and formation of a single plastic moment in the bolt were observed. Connection resistance increased as loaded-edge distance and number of bolts increased. Most design factors of safety representing the ratio of experimental strength to lateral design values were controlled by shear design provisions. Design factors of safety were greater at smaller loaded-edge distance with single bolt compared to other configurations. Further investigation of the design shear provisions may be needed. Yield theory overpredicted t...
Advances in fluid dynamics

Various papers on advances in fluid dynamics are presented. Individual topics addressed include: nonunique solutions of the Euler equations; numerical solution of the biharmonic equation using a spectral multigrid method; finite-volume shape and placement for efficiency, accuracy, and physics; NND schemes and their application to numerical simulation of complex plume flow problems; symbolic analysis and computational algorithm construction; and velocity and mass flux distribution measurements of spherical glass beads in air flow in a 90-deg vertical-to-horizontal bend. Also discussed are: hyperbolic solution adaptive mesh generation; progress and future directions in CFD; numerical simulation of shock focusing; microbubble formation and splitting in a turbulent boundary layer for turbulence reduction; numerical study of spherical Taylor-Couette flow, trajectories of vortex lines beneath a free surface or above a plane; and a mathematical model for response of the coronary circulation to high sustained gravitational force fields.
Detection of Static Flaws in Changesets

When performing static analysis checks intended to find flaws in software, information on the software’s history is often ignored in the identification of bugs. This history information can improve the identification of the introductions several types of bugs, and can be used to reduce the false-positive rate of simple analysis tools. A method for static detection of null pointer dereferences by examining changes in a distributed development environment is presented. A static analysis used to detect null pointer dereferences is extended to highlight potentially dangerous state changes that point to the accidental introduction of such flaws.
SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF ALLYL ISOTHIOCYANATE ON POPULATIONS OF STORED GRAIN INSECT PESTS

The efficiency of the WasaOuro® system, based on an extract derived from Cruciferiae plants, was investigated as an insect suppressing agent. The active ingredient was allyl isothiocyanate (AIT). Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium confusum were exposed to AIT vapor in vented containers. The containers were maintained in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room. The WasaOuro system does not repel or attract L. serricorne but does reduce tunneling activity of T. confusum. AIT disrupts normal reproductive cycles of both L. serricorne and T. confusum resulting in an insect population reduction in grain foods.
Towards Efficient Wireless Video Sensor Networks: A Survey of Existing Node Architectures and Proposal for A Flexi-WVSNP Design

The video capture, processing, and communication in wireless video sensor networks critically depend on the resources of the nodes forming the sensor networks. We provide a survey of wireless video sensor node platforms (WVSNPs). From a comprehensive literature review, we first select the node architectures that meet basic requirements for a WVSNP. We then introduce a classification of WVSNPs into general purpose architectures, heavily coupled architectures, and externally dependent architectures. We thoroughly survey and contrast the existing WVSNPs within this classification framework. Based on the insights from our survey we develop a novel Flexi-WVSNP design. The Flexi-WVSNP design includes dual-radio communication, a middleware for sensor operation and communication control, as well as a cohesive hardware and software design.
Fast LMS/Newton Algorithms for Stereophonic Acoustic Echo Cancelation

This paper presents a new class of adaptive filtering algorithms to solve the stereophonic acoustic echo cancelation (AEC) problem in teleconferencing systems. While stereophonic AEC may be seen as a simple generalization of the well-known single-channel AEC, it is a fundamentally far more complex and challenging problem to solve. The main reason being the strong cross correlation that exists between the two input audio channels. In the past, nonlinearities have been introduced to reduce this correlation. However, nonlinearities bring with it additional harmonics that are undesirable. We propose an elegant linear technique to decorrelate the two-channel input signals and thus avoid the undesirable nonlinear distortions. We derive two low complexity adaptive algorithms based on the two-channel gradient lattice algorithm. The models assume the input sequences to the adaptive filters to be autoregressive (AR) processes whose orders are much lower than the lengths of the adaptive filters. This results in an algorithm, whose complexity is only slightly higher than the normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm; the simplest adaptive filtering method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms perform favorably when compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Faster output-sensitive skyline computation algorithm

We present the second output-sensitive skyline computation algorithm which is faster than the only existing output-sensitive skyline computation algorithm [1] in worst case because our algorithm does not rely on the existence of a linear time procedure for finding medians.
Deficits in visual cognition and attention following bilateral anterior cingulotomy

A series of eight tests of visual cognitive abilities was used to examine pre- to post-operative performance changes in a patient receiving bilateral anterior cingulotomy. Compared with a set of eight matched control participants, post-operatively, the patient exhibited deficits in (a) the ability to sequence novel cognitive operations required to generate multipart images or rotate perceptual stimuli; (b) the ability to search for, select, and compare images of objects when the instructions did not specify precisely which objects should be visualized; and, (c) the ability to select a controlled and unpracticed response over an automatic one. Other imagery and cognitive tasks were not affected. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that anterior cingulate cortex is a component of an executive control system. One of the anterior cingulate's roles may be to monitor on-line processing and signal the motivational significance of current actions or cognitions.
Failure in the junction region of T-stiffeners: 3D-braided vs. 2D tape laminate stiffeners

Abstract Strain distributions and failure mechanisms are compared for a three-dimensionally (3D) braided T-stiffener (preform designed and supplied by 3TEX Inc.) and a conventional two-dimensional (2D) tape laminate T-stiffener, bonded onto a tape laminate skin. The strain distributions in a pull-off test are measured by laser speckle interferometry and calculated by computational simulations. With good agreement between experiment and theory, substantial differences are found between the two classes of stiffener. The tape laminate stiffeners exhibit large strain concentrations across the noodle region and in the adjacent radii, which correlate well with observed first cracking events. The 3D-braided stiffeners show relatively uniform strain distributions throughout the flanges, the web, and the flange/web junction region. Strain concentrations are modest at the corner of the junction and absent along the interface between the flanges and the skin. Failure in the 3D-braided stiffeners does not occur within the junction region, but by a sequence of cracking events, first next to the junction region and then at the end of one flange. The pull-off load at the first failure event is substantially higher for the 3D-braided stiffener than the tape laminate stiffener, which is attributed mainly to the relative absence of strain concentrations in the former. In predicting strain distributions, account is taken of the details of the 3D architecture of the 3D-braided stiffeners as specified by the supplier (3TEX Inc.) by using the Binary Model of textile composites, whose formulation has been described previously. Comparison of the predicted and measured spatial distributions of strain constitutes a critical test of the Binary Model. It is found to perform well in this case.
Orsonwelles, a new genus of giant linyphiid spiders (Araneae) from the Hawaiian Islands

The Hawaiian spider genus Orsonwelles, gen. nov. (Araneae : Linyphiidae) is described. All Orsonwelles species are single island endemics: Kauai harbours six species; Oahu has three; Molokai has two; and Maui and Hawaii have one species each. The thirteen species included in Orsonwelles are described and illustrated: O. torosus (Simon), comb. nov., O. malus, sp. nov., O. calx, sp. nov., O. ventus, sp. nov., O. bellum, sp. nov. and O. iudicium, sp. nov. from Kauai; O. polites, sp. nov. (the type species), O. ambersonorum, sp. nov. and O. arcanus, sp. nov. from Oahu; O. othello, sp. nov. and O. macbeth, sp. nov. from Molokai; O. falstaffius, sp. nov. from Maui; and O. graphicus (Simon), comb. nov. from Hawaii. A total of 55 morphological characters (plus one behavioural character) were scored for twelve taxa (four Orsonwelles species plus eight linyphiid outgroups) to test the monophyly of the genus using cladistic methods. The most parsimonious cladograms provide robust character support for the monophyly of Orsonwelles. A single colonisation of the Hawaiian archipelago is hypothesised to explain the presence of these species in the Hawaiian Islands. This genus represents a case of insular gigantism (these are the largest linyphiids described), although the close relatives of Orsonwelles remain unknown. Their web architecture is also described and illustrated. Ie G. Ho
A general theory of curved vortices with circular cross-section and variable core area

A theory is derived for general motions of an inviscid vortex with circular crosssection and variable core area using a directed filament model of the vortex. The theory reduces in special cases to any of several previous vortex theories in the literature, but it is better suited than previous theories for handling nonlinear areavarying waves on the vortex core. Jump conditions across points of discontinuity and a variational form of the theory are also given. The theory is applied to obtain new solutions for several fundamental problems in vortex dynamics related to axisymmetric solitary waves on a vortex core, axisymmetric and helical vortex breakdowns and the buckling of a columnar vortex under compression.