cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of captopril on sympathetic control of the heart and vasculature in dogs.

Experiments were conducted in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs to investigate the effects of captopril on sympathetic neuronal control of the heart and hindlimb vasculature. Captopril, 3.1 mg/kg, i.v. produced marked reductions in blood pressure and hindlimb perfusion pressure, an observation consistent with the high plasma renin activity in the test animals. Increments in hindlimb perfusion pressure elicited by electrical stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain were also significantly reduced following captopril administration (p less than .002). The subsequent administration of a ten fold higher dose of captopril, 31.0 mg/kg, produced no further attenuation of the neurally mediated responses. In contrast to the decreased vascular responses to nerve stimulation after captopril, the tachycardia produced by stimulation of pre- or post-ganglionic neurons to the stellate ganglion were not altered. The results of the present study suggest that captopril acts by inhibiting vascular sympathetic neuronal function when the activity of the renin-angiotensin system is elevated. The attenuation of neurally mediated vasoconstriction may be due to the interruption of angiotensin II formation, thereby, preventing the facilitatory effects of angiotensin on sympathetic neurons.
Natural history of degenerative joint disease in small laboratory animals. 5. Osteoarthritis in guinea pigs.

The naturally occurring osteoarthritis of guinea pigs is described. Osteophyte formation was observed both in the presence and absence of erosion of the articular cortex. Weight bearing was not considered the sole cause of the degenerative changes observed in guinea pig joints. Es describite le occurrentia natural de osteoarthritis in porcos de India. Formationes osteophytic esseva observate in le presentia e in le absentia de erosion del cortice articular. Le carga del peso supportate non esseva considerate como le causa unic del alterationes degeneratori observate in articulationes de porcos de India.
HF propagation management tools

PropMan, an automated expert system for propagation resource management that embodies current progress in computer technology and propagation research, is described. The system offers a comprehensive, quick, and user-friendly process for making high frequency (HF) channel allocations. Experience with numerous exercises supporting a wide variety of HF customers has resulted in refinement of various propagation/frequency-management tools, including PropMan. Feedback from customers, testing, and research have facilitated the calibration of these tools to fit the real world. The various features and capabilities of the PropMan system that allow quick and comprehensive PC/laptop HF frequency management and tradeoffs are explained. >
Once upon anion: a tale of photodetachment.

This contribution is very much a personal history of a journey through the wonderful world of anion chemistry, and a tale of how advances in laser technologies, theoretical methods, and computational capabilities continuously enabled advances in our understanding. It is a story of the excitement and joy that come from the opportunity to add to the fabric of science, and to do so by working as a group of excited explorers with common goals. The participants in this journey include me, my students and postdoctoral associates, my collaborators, and our many generous colleagues. It all happened, in the words of the Beatles, “with a little help from my friends.” Actually, it was so much more than a little help!
Wound healing: an update

Wounds, both chronic and acute, continue to be a tremendous socioeconomic burden. As such, technologies drawn from many disciplines within science and engineering are constantly being incorporated into innovative wound healing therapies. While many of these therapies are experimental, they have resulted in new insights into the pathophysiology of wound healing, and in turn the development of more specialized treatments for both normal and abnormal wound healing states. Herein, we review some of the emerging technologies that are currently being developed to aid and improve wound healing after cutaneous injury.
Medicaid Information Technology Architecture: An Overview

The Medicaid Information Technology Architecture (MITA) is a roadmap and tool-kit for States to transform their Medicaid Management Information System (MMIS) into an enterprise-wide, beneficiary-centric system. MITA will enable State Medicaid agencies to align their information technology (IT) opportunities with their evolving business needs. It also addresses long-standing issues of interoperability, adaptability, and data sharing, including clinical data, across organizational boundaries by creating models based on nationally accepted technical standards. Perhaps most significantly, MITA allows State Medicaid Programs to actively participate in the DHHS Secretary's vision of a transparent health care market that utilizes electronic health records (EHRs), ePrescribing and personal health records (PHRs).
The Use of Homework Success for a Child With Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type:

This case study describes use of the Homework Success Program (HSP) for a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), predominantly inattentive type. Larry, an 8-year-old boy, prese...
Formations of autonomous vehicles using Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

In this work we present the design, development, and testing of a hardware testbed for formation movement, using a fleet of autonomous R/C (remote control) vehicles equipped with Global Positioning Systems (GPS). The work was formulated and executed as a student project with the intent of being both a vehicle for education and investigation into low-cost formation control. The low cost testbed is to be used for validation of communication protocols and control algorithms that with further development may find application in distributed sensing applications such as formation flying helicopters, blimps, or other aerobots. Critical to many applications of such distributed sensing platforms is navigation and collaborative navigation. This effort is part of many ongoing research efforts at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory targeting low-cost distributed science gathering capability on Earth and in space
Omalizumab increases the intrinsic sensitivity of human basophils to IgE-mediated stimulation

Background Treatment of allergic patients with omalizumab results in a paradoxical increase in their basophil histamine release (HR) response ex vivo to cross-linking anti-IgE antibody. It is not known whether this change in response is associated with an increase in intrinsic cellular sensitivity, which would be a paradoxical response. Objective We sought to determine whether the increase in response to anti-IgE antibody is a reflection of an increased cellular sensitivity expressed as molecules of antigen-specific IgE per basophil required to produce 50% of the maximal response. Methods Patients were treated with omalizumab or placebo for 12 weeks (NCT01003301 at ClinicalTrials.gov), and the metric of basophil sensitivity was assessed at 4 time points: baseline, 6 to 8 weeks, 12 weeks (after which treatment stopped), and 24 weeks (12 weeks after the end of treatment). Results As observed previously, treatment with omalizumab resulted in a marked increase in the maximal HR induced by cross-linking anti-IgE antibody. This change was accompanied by a marked shift in intrinsic basophil sensitivity, ranging from 2.5- to 125-fold, with an average of 6-fold at the midpoint of the treatment to 12-fold after 12 weeks. The magnitude of the increase in cellular sensitivity was inversely related to the starting sensitivity or the starting maximum HR. The increased cellular sensitivity also occurred when using leukotriene C 4 secretion as a metric of the basophil response. Twelve weeks after the end of treatment, cellular sensitivity was found to shift toward the baseline value, although the return to baseline was not yet complete at this time point. Conclusions Treatment with omalizumab results in a markedly increased sensitivity of basophils to IgE-mediated stimulation in terms of the number of IgE molecules required to produce a given response. These results provide a better quantitative sense of the phenotypic change that occurs in basophils during omalizumab treatment, which has both mechanistic and clinical implications.
The impact of supply chain disruptions on stockholder wealth in India

Purpose – Supply chain structure, characteristics, and applicable policies differ between developing and developed countries. While most supply chain management research is directed toward supply chains in developed countries, the authors wish to explore the financial impact of disruptions on supply chains in a developing country. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of effective supply chain management practices that could help avoid or mitigate disruptions in Indian companies. The authors study the stock market impact of supply chain disruptions in Indian companies. The authors also aim to understand the difference in financial implications from disruptions between companies in India and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Event study methodology is applied on supply chain disruptions data from Indian companies. The data are compiled from public news release in Indian press. A data set of 301 disruptions for a ten-year period from 2003-2012 is analyzed. Stock valuation of a compan...
FROM CANALIZATION TO CONTINGENCY: HISTORICAL EFFECTS IN A SUCCESSIONAL ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY

Many landscapes are characterized by a mosaic of patches in various stages of succession. Whether successional paths dampen, track, or magnify extrinsic variation in initial conditions influences how much historical and site-specific detail is required to explain variation in patch composition. I investigated the patterns and importance of historical effects in a successional marine rocky intertidal community on the central coast of Oregon, USA. Patches in the mid-intertidal mussel bed (M. californianus) were manually cleared in a way that mimicked natural disturbances. In four separate blocks (large patches ∼9 m2), three sets of plots were initiated with their starting dates staggered by one year. Within each set of plots, I manipulated the presence/absence of two groups of early successional sessile species under each of three predator densities. This design allowed me to address the following general questions: (1) What are the separate and interactive effects of successional age, yearly variation, and...
The Toll-like receptors and their role in septic shock

The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition molecules with unique functions in the innate and the acquired immune systems. The innate immune response has evolved as the immediate host defence system in response to foreign structures and it also serves to prime the adaptive immune response. As such, the TLRs set the tone and pace of the inflammatory response that follows initial contact with a microbial pathogen over the course of the following minutes, hours and days. Sepsis, a leading cause of death in critically ill patients worldwide, is defined as 'the systemic inflammatory response syndrome that occurs during infection' [1]; that is, sepsis is the orchestration of the events controlled by the gene products triggered by signals transduced through the TLRs. Through analysis of the human genome, ten TLRs have been identified, and several of them have been characterised with respect to their associated ligands. Following engagement of the cognate ligand to the ectodomain of each TLR, the assembly of intracellular homo- or heterodimers or multimers induces cell signalling. The receptors are variably expressed on different types of cells, such as neutrophils, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, endothelial cells etc. and can be up- and downregulated, blocked or triggered by mimetic substances. By controlling or modifying TLR responses, the trajectory of the entire septic process may be modified. This review covers the events responsible for TLR activation in detail, with an emphasis on possible points of pharmacological intervention.
Mindfulness intervention for child abuse survivors: a 2.5-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: The present study reports on the long-term effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. METHOD: Of the study participants, 73% returned to the clinic for a single-session follow-up assessment of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and mindfulness at 2.5 years. RESULTS: Repeated measures mixed regression analyses revealed significant long-term improvements in depression, PTSD, anxiety symptoms, and mindfulness scores. The magnitude of intervention effects at 128 weeks ranged from d =.5 to d = 1.1. CONCLUSION: MBSR may be an effective long-term treatment for adults who have experienced childhood sexual abuse. Further investigation of MBSR with this population is warranted given the durability of treatment effects described here. Language: en
Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Continuous Aortic Flow Augmentation: Not Enough MOMENTUM"

I agree with the objection raised by Dr Greenberg about my comment1 that implied that the continuous aortic flow augmentation system had a primary or direct effect on increasing cardiac output. Clearly, any increase in cardiac output would be secondary to a decrease in peripheral resistance associated with the distal aortic perfusion. The study design used in the Multicenter Trial of the Orqis Medical Cancion System for the Enhanced Treatment of Heart Failure Unresponsive to Medical Therapy (MOMENTUM) did in fact include a paired analysis, as noted by Dr Greenberg. The population of patients who develop worsening heart failure and become progressively unresponsive …
Evolution of ISM Contents of Massive Galaxies from z = 2 to 0.3

The mass of ISM in high redshift Galaxies is a major determinant of their morphology, star formation activity and how they will evolve to low redshift. Measurement of the CO lines at z > 0.5 are time consuming, even with the sensitivity of ALMA, and the derived ISM masses are subject to uncertainty in the CO-to-H_2 conversion factor. Here I describe a much faster technique— measuring the long wavelength Rayleigh-Jeans dust emission using the spectacular continuum sensitivity of ALMA. Using a metallicity-dependent gas-to-dust abundance ratio derived from studies of low-z galaxies, one then obtains the ISM mass. Initial results from our ALMA Cycle-0 observations are presented for a small sample of stellar-mass selected galaxies in COSMOS. This technique will enable measurement of 100's of galaxies at high-z with observations of typically ∼10 min per galaxy.
Between-and within-subjects PRE with sucrose incentives

This experiment was designed to test the generality of the between- and within-subjects partial reinforcement effect (PRE) with sucrose solutions as the reinforcer and female hooded rats as subjects in a free-operant leverpress situation. Twenty subjects were given 10 sessions of acquisition training with (1) CRF only, (2) PRF only, or (3) MULT CRF-PRF. Comparisons of responding during 3 days of extinction between subjects receiving only one schedule resulted in a conventional PRE with significant differences between the two groups on Day 1 of extinction, whereas the within-subjects comparison yielded a reversed PRE with significant differences between responses to the signal associated with CRF and PRF on Day 1 and Day 2 of extinction.
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and measures of oxidative stress, inflammation and renal function in adolescents: NHANES 2003-2008.

Abstract Objective Recent evidence has suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may contribute to cardiometabolic and kidney dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress, but little is known about impacts in childhood. Study design We performed cross-sectional analyses of 660 adolescents aged 12–19 years in the 2003–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), using levels of 10 monohydroxylated urinary PAH metabolites as our exposure. Our primary outcomes of interest were biomarkers of oxidative stress and renal function, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), insulin resistance, and serum uric acid, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results We observed statistically significant associations between PAH metabolites and levels of serum GGT, CRP, uric acid and eGFR. Each 100% increase in 2-hydroxyphenanthrene was related to a 3.36% increase in uric acid (95% CI: 0.338–6.372; p =0.032), a 3.86% increase in GGT (95% CI: 1.361–6.362; p =0.005) and a 16.78% increase in CRP (95% CI: 1.848–31.689; p =0.029). Each 100% increase in 4-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with a 6.18% increase in GGT (95% CI: 4.064–8.301; p p =0.017). Each 100% increase in 9-hydroxyfluorene was associated with a 2.58% increase in GGT (95% CI: 0.389–4776; p =0.024). Each 100% increase in 3-hydroxyphenanthrene was associated with a 2.66% decrease in eGFR (95% CI: −4.979 to −0.331; p =0.028). Conclusions Urinary PAH metabolites were associated with serum uric acid, GGT and CRP, suggesting possible impacts on cardiometabolic and kidney function in adolescents. Prospective work is needed to investigate the potential long-term health consequences of these findings.
Black Christianity in the Post-Christian ERA, U.S.A.

(1970). Black Christianity in the Post-Christian ERA, U.S.A. The Black Scholar: Vol. 2, The Black Church, pp. 43-52.
Improved method of estimating the product quality after multiple inspections

A complex product is often inspected more than once in a sequential manner to ensure the product’s quality. Based on the number of defects discovered during each round of inspection process, we can estimate the number of defects still remaining in the product. For each defect, the probability that the defect will be detected during each inspection cycle is usually assumed to be a known ‘constant’. However, in many practical situations, some defects are easily detected, while others are much more difficult to identify. In this paper, we propose a ‘beta-geometric’ inspection model in which the heterogeneity in detection probability is described by a beta distribution. In a numerical study, we show that our more realistic inspection model clearly outperforms traditional estimation methods that are based on the assumption of a constant detection probability.
Physics Based Requirements for Qualification of BGA Components in Temperature Cycling

This paper discusses a new approach for definition of temperature cycling qualification requirement that accounts for the physics of the deformation process in use condition and in the accelerated temperature cycling test condition. The methodology is used to define solder joint reliability (SJR) requirement for Package on Package (PoP) components. Included in the study is the impact of adhesives on SJR requirements. The approach used is different from standards-based approaches that define the requirements in the way that is often independent of package materials and geometries. Physics based damage metrics and numerical modeling was used to comprehend design, technology, material, and temperature profile and provide an in-depth understanding of package deformation and failure mechanism. This, coupled with a developed fatigue law was then used to translate use conditions to test condition requirement.The study shows that accelerated test will not accelerate all PoP solder joints equally and that requirements for PoP to board interconnects will be different from requirements for top–to–bottom package interconnects. Similarly, for component with adhesives, when requirements are based on physics, they must be different than requirements for component without adhesive and those requirement should be a function of adhesive thermo-mechanical material properties.Given rapid changes in technology, explosion of new devices and new use conditions, manufacturers constantly make tradeoffs between performance, cost and reliability. The qualification process needs to be optimized to meet these increasing challenges and qualification based on knowledge of physics presented in this paper is designed to meet these challenges.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Better Ways to Specify Aspheric Shapes Can Facilitate Design, Fabrication and Testing Alike

Modifying a widely used convention is rarely easy. With designers, fabricators, and metrologists gathered here, we have a rare opportunity to consider such a change in relation to optical aspheres. This evolving technology is currently burdened by the increasingly inadequate convention of expressing a rotationally symmetric asphere’s sag as the sum of a conic component and an additive polynomial. When more than just a few terms appear in the polynomial, this becomes problematic and ultimately unworkable. Many of us are being burned by the fact that the associated coefficients are woefully unintuitive and inefficient. The norm is error-prone communications and a lack of easy options to appreciate the difficulty of manufacturing any particular asphere. Thankfully, the design and manufacture of increasingly complex aspheres is facilitated by a modified representation that is also ideal for exploiting cost-effective shapes. In particular, an orthogonalised representation gives a description that functions with fewer coefficients _typically using only one third the number of digits for current designs_and allows easy interpretations and sanity checks as well as direct assessments of manufacturability. Examples are presented to motivate us to confront this sooner rather than later.
Purification and characterization of NADP+-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli

The NADP+-specific glutamate dehydrogenase fromEscherichia coli has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme was purified 40-fold and has a specific activity of 23. Glutamate dehydrogenase fromE. coli is a hexameric enzyme with a native molecular weight of 275 KDa composed of monomers each with a molecular weight of 44.5 KDa. In nondenaturing isoelectric focusing gels, the purified enzyme is resolved into six catalytically active species, each with a molecular weight of 275 KDa and with isoelectric points ranging between pH 5.3 and 5.7. The Km values for substrates and coenzymes have been determined, and the effect of several divalent ions on catalytic activity has been investigated.
Vascular smooth muscle membrane potential in rats with early and chronic one-kidney, one-clip hypertension.

It has been suggested that the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle in one- kidney, one-clip hypertension, and other forms of volume-dependent, low-renin hypertension, is partially depolarized due to the effects of a circulating ouabain-like factor, and that this depolar- ization is an important mechanism of the hypertension. Levels of circulating ouabain-like factors in early stages of volume-dependent hypertension are reported equal to, or greater than, those in chronic hypertension. Therefore, we measured intracellular membrane potentials (Em) in vitro (37OC, physiological salt solution) in vascular smooth muscle of the caudal artery from normo- tensive control rats ( 1 K) and rats in the early and chronic stages of one-kidney, one-clip hypertension ( 1 K 1 C). In 20 chronic 1 K 1 C (4-6 weeks of systolic pressure > 140 mm Hg) the resting Em's (M k SEM) were -46.7 -t 0.7 mV, compared to -50.9 k 0.6 for 20 IK (P < 0.01). The AE, due to 1 mM ouabain was attenuated in 10 lKlC compared to 11 1K (+5.4 f 0.9 and +10.0 -+ 0.7 mV, respectively; P < 0.0 1). The Em's of the two groups after ouabain were the same. In contrast, in 16 early lKlC rats (<7 days hypertension, average 3 days) compared to 15 appropriate IK, there were no significant alterations in resting Em (-50.1 k 0.4 mV, compared to -50.5 4 0.5, respectively) and there were no differences in ouabain response. These results suggest a temporal dissociation between levels of humoral inhibitors and depolarization, and between depolarization and hypertension, and thus fail to support the hypotheses that there are causal relationships between these variables in volume-dependent, low-renin hypertension. o 1986 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Learning from the Legacy of Léopold Trouvelot

Many of our most important insect pests originated in other countries and were accidentally introduced to the United States. Usually, these exotic pests simply appear in an area, and it is difficult to determine exactly how they arrived here.
8 STUDY OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED GENES IN LEIOMYOMATA AS COMPARED TO NORMAL MYOMETRIUM.

Uterine leiomyomata (or fibroids) are a benign tumor of smooth muscle cell origin with extensive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Uterine leiomyomata are extremely common among women of reproductive age and may cause abnormal menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and/or infertility. Uterine leiomyomata are known to be under control of ovarian hormones. This study confirmed the expression of seven genes by RT-PCR, Mst4, EFEMP1, MMP-11, MMP-7, MMP-28, RNF28, DSG2, which were found to be disregulated in a microarray analysis. EFEMP1, MMP-11, MMP-7, MMP-28, and DSG2 have all been shown to be under the influence of ovarian hormones. The RT-PCR was performed on 13 uterine leiomyomata paired with 11 normal myometrium from 5 patients. There was some variability but most of the patient samples showed a decrease in mRNA expression for Mst4, EFEMP1, and MMP-7 in the uterine leiomyomata (as expected). Similarly, many of the patient samples also confirmed the increase in mRNA expression of MMP-11 and DSG2 in the leiomyomata (as expected). RNF28 and MMP-28 showed the greatest variability between the patient samples. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the protein expression for MMP-11 and Mst4. The MMP-11 protein was in concordance with the mRNA for MMP-11, both increased in most of the uterine leiomyomata samples. However, the Mst4 protein expression was increased in the uterine leiomyomata while the mRNA was decreased. Further research should be done to determine how disregulation (either over or underexpression) of these genes contributes to the etiology of this disease and what role the ovarian hormones play in its development. It may be possible in the future to target one or more of these genes or their protein products as a nonsurgical treatment of uterine leiomyomata.
Physical Health Screenings Among African-American Church and Community Members

This study sought to identify characteristics, including religiosity, related to having received health screenings among persons who attend African-American churches or receive church-based community outreach services. A sample of 602 was recruited during two phases as part of a larger project. Blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood glucose screenings were the most frequently reported screenings ever and in the last 12 months. Although religiosity was significantly related to several of the health screenings in bivariate analysis, it is not a predictor of health screenings in multivariate analyses. Innovative strategies are needed to promote screenings such as church-based health fairs.
Beijing: Transition to a Transit City

Over the past three decades, Beijing has experienced profound changes in mobility culture. The city has changed from being a Non-Motorised City to a nearly Traffic-Saturated City in less than 30 years. Private cars have become the leading power in the motorisation process, and bicycles no longer dominate streets in Beijing. The city has accomplished the building of a surface and underground transport infrastructure system of reasonable quality. In addition, the government transport policy has been modified from encouraging private car purchasing to restricting vehicle ownership and use. No other megacity has ever experienced such rapid and pervasive changes in its transport system within such a relatively short period of time. The encouraging sign is that the city has developed a clear vision for becoming a Transit City, and has been working on promoting public transport for the last couple of years. This chapter investigates the dynamic aspects of the city’s mobility culture and describes its evolution path towards a more sustainable future. More specifically, three aspects of the evolving mobility culture are focused, namely travel demand, mobility patterns and transport policy. This chapter concludes with discussions on the strengths of Beijing which will assist it in achieving its long-term vision, and the obstacles to that aim which the city also presents.
Probabilistic assessment of PMU integrity for planning of periodic maintenance and testing

The standard C37.118.1a-2014 has specified the permissible limits for PMU measurement errors under various static and dynamic test conditions. This paper proposes a statistical measure to evaluate the probability of PMU performance degradation with regards to certain standard requirements. The proposed approach is implemented using a field calibrator system for phasor measurement units (PMUs). Assessment of the test results provides an additional insight about: (a) whether the expected functionality and integrity of the PMUs is maintained over time; (b) which synchrophasor standard requirements are most vulnerable for a given device over time; (c) when the maintenance schedule needs to be expedited on certain PMUs based on observed performance degradation probabilities; and (d) the risks of loss of trustworthiness of various end-use synchrophasor-based applications. The applicability of the suggested technique is verified through implementation on several PMUs in a calibration and testing set-up.
Localized fields, global impact: Industrial applications of resonant plasmonic materials

From the photoinduced transport of energy that accompanies photosynthesis to the transcontinental transmission of optical data that enable the Internet, our world relies and thrives on optical signals. To highlight the importance of optics to society, the United Nations designated 2015 as “The International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies.” Although conventional optical technologies are limited by diffraction, plasmons—collective oscillations of free electrons in a conductor—allow optical signals to be tailored with nanoscale precision. Following decades of fundamental research, several plasmonic technologies have now emerged on the market, and numerous industrial breakthroughs are imminent. This article highlights recent industrially relevant advances in plasmonics, including plasmonic materials and devices for energy; for medical sensing, imaging, and therapeutics; and for information technology. Some of the most exciting industrial applications include solar-driven water purifiers, cell phone Raman spectrometers, high-density holographic displays, photothermal cancer therapeutics, and nanophotonic integrated circuits. We describe the fundamental scientific concepts behind these and related technologies, as well as the successes and challenges associated with technology transfer.
The Use of Pediatric Patient-Derived Xenografts for Identifying Novel Agents and Combinations

Despite the current enthusiasm for patient-derived xenografts (PDX), such models have been developed for over 40 years by direct transplantation of tumor from patient into immune-deprived or genetically immunoincompetent mice. However, the field of human tumor xenografts was largely led by the NCI, who used cell line-derived xenografts for drug screening. These studies used a single model to represent each human cancer type, in part due to resource constraints, in the drug screening program. Other groups took a different approach by developing panels of PDX models representing some of the heterogeneity of human disease. Here we consider the value and limitations of pediatric PDX (pPDX) models in identifying novel agents and combinations and their application to treatment of pediatric cancer.
Estimating sea surface salinity in the northern Gulf of Mexico from satellite ocean color measurements

Abstract Sea surface salinity (SSS) is an important parameter to characterize physical and biogeochemical processes, yet its remote estimation in coastal waters has been difficult because satellite sensors designed to “measure” SSS lack sufficient resolution and coverage, and higher-resolution ocean color measurements suffer from optical and biogeochemical complexity when used to estimate SSS. In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), this challenge is addressed through modeling, validation, and extensive tests in contrasting environments. Specifically, using extensive SSS datasets collected by many groups spanning > 10 years and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and SeaWiFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor) estimated remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at 412, 443, 488 (490), 555, and 667 (670) nm and sea surface temperature (SST), a multilayer perceptron neural network-based (MPNN) SSS model has been developed and validated with a spatial resolution of ~ 1 km. The MPNN was selected over many other empirical approaches such as principle component analysis (PCA), multi-nonlinear regression (MNR), decision tree, random forest, and supporting vector machines (SVMs) after extensive evaluations. The MPNN was trained by a back-propagation learning technique with Levenberg-Marquardt optimization and Bayesian regularization. The model showed an overall performance of root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.2, with coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.86, mean bias (MB) = 0.0, and mean ratio (MR) = 1.0 for SSS ranging between ~ 1 and ~ 37 (N = 3640). Validation using an independent dataset showed a RMSE of 1.1, MB of 0.0, and MR of 1.0 for SSS ranging between ~ 27 and ~ 37 (N = 412). The model with its original parameterization has been tested in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya coastal region, Florida's Big Bend region, and in the offshore Mississippi River plume, with satisfactory performance obtained in each case. Comparison with concurrent Aquarius-derived SSS maps (110-km resolution) showed similar agreement in offshore waters as indicated above, but the new 1-km resolution SSS maps revealed more finer-scale features as well as salinity gradients in coastal waters. The sensitivity of the model to realistic model input errors in satellite-derived SST and Rrs was also thoroughly examined, with uncertainties in the model-derived SSS being always 30. The extensive validation, evaluation, and sensitivity test all indicated the robustness of the MPNN model in estimating SSS in most, if not all, coastal waters and offshore plumes in the northern GOM. Thus, the model provided a basis for generating near real-time 1-km resolution SSS maps from satellite measurements. However, the model showed limitations when applied to regions with known algal blooms or upwelling as they both led to low Rrs in the blue bands that may be falsely recognized as caused by low SSS.
Dynamic Functional Connectivity States Reflecting Psychotic-like Experiences.

Abstract Background Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are associated with lower social and occupational functioning, and lower executive function. Emerging evidence also suggests that PLEs reflect neural dysfunction resembling that of psychotic disorders. Methods The present study examined dynamic connectivity related to a measure of PLEs derived from the Achenbach Adult Self-Report, in an otherwise-healthy sample of adults from the Human Connectome Project. A total of 76 PLE-endorsing and 153 control participants were included in the final sample. To characterize network dysfunction, dynamic connectivity states were examined across large-scale resting-state networks using dynamic conditional correlation and k-means clustering. Results Three dynamic states were identified. The PLE-endorsing group spent more time than the control group in state 1, a state reflecting hyperconnectivity within visual regions and hypoconnectivity within the default mode network, and less time in state 2, a state characterized by robust within-network connectivity for all networks and strong default mode network anticorrelations. Within the PLE-endorsing group, worse executive function was associated with more time spent in and more transitions into state 1 and less time spent in and fewer transitions into state 3. Conclusions PLEs are associated with altered large-scale brain dynamics, which tip the system away from spending more time in states reflecting more "typical" connectivity patterns toward more time in states reflecting visual hyperconnectivity and default mode hypoconnectivity.
Recurrent cisplatin hypersensitivity reaction after first exposure: A case report.

PurposeHypersensitivity reactions to platinum-based chemotherapies are well documented and are often a limiting factor in treating a variety of cancers. Allergy skin testing has been used to determ...
A comparison of solid, mesh, and segmented broad dipoles in biological environments

Solid and mesh broad dipole antennas (30 mm half-length at 2 GHz) show similar S11 and bandwidth in air, but the current is distributed differently. Further, when the mesh dipole is placed onto a conductive material (pork loin), the current distribution moves from edges toward the center, changing the overall performance of the antenna. Low conductivity, segmented dipoles are also presented showing an increase in resonant frequency from 3.4 GHz to 4.0 GHz as the segment gap increases from 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm. The segmentation also increases the bandwidth from 19% to 25%. The segmented dipole is placed onto conductive pork loin and resonant frequency decreases from 1.7 GHz to 1.1 GHz as the gap decreases from 0.3 mm to 0.1 mm.
The James A. Rand Young Investigator's Award: Battling the Opioid Epidemic with Prospective Pain Threshold Measurement.

Abstract Background Responsible analgesic prescribing is paramount in the opioid epidemic era, yet no standardized protocol exists. We aim to (1) quantify and correlate outpatient opioid need after total knee and hip arthroplasties (TKA and THA) with preoperative objective pain pressure thresholds (PPTs) and subjective pain measures and (2) report incidence of nonsurgical opioid prescriptions 6 weeks postoperatively. Methods Prospectively, PPTs were measured using an algometer with a maximum force of 20 pounds in 160 consecutive patients (90 TKA and 70 THA). Two locations were tested: operative joint (medial epicondyle TKA and lateral iliac crest THA) and ipsilateral olecranon for systemic control. Visual Analog Score, Pain Severity Score, Pain Interference Score, and subjective pain threshold were obtained. Six-week outpatient narcotic consumption morphine equivalents recorded and prescriptions crosschecked with the state Controlled Substance Reporting System. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate local and/or systemic PPT and subjective measures with narcotic consumption. Results Average operative site and systemic PPT was 6.91 and 7.72 pounds force, respectively. Subjective averages: Visual Analog Score 7.14, Pain Severity Score 5.05, Pain Interference Score 5.16, and perceived threshold 6.77. Six-week average outpatient narcotic consumption was 314.9 morphine equivalents or 125 five milligram oxycodones. Twenty percent received opioids from outside providers. Linear regression revealed a negative correlation between operative site PPT (−0.26; P = .047) and systemic PPT (−0.31; P = .021). Subjective pain metrics failed to meet significance. Conclusion This novel study demonstrated a statistically significant negative correlation between preoperative pain threshold and outpatient narcotic consumption. Twenty percent of patients received opioid prescriptions outside orthopedic providers in the 6 weeks after surgery highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary communication.
Continuous Time Birth and Death Markov Chains

What is in this chapter? In Chapters I and II we considered chains that change state at integer times. In this chapter, the change of state occurs after a random time. We are still considering chains with countably many states. Many of the results and techniques of the preceding chapter may be adapted to this new class of models.
Multipolar Expansion of One-Electron Densities

One and two-center atomic orbital products can be expanded with a finite number of multipoles on the several centers to high accuracy. The problem is formally solved for the charge density of a diatomic molecule by the method of least squares. In this case radial scattering factors for the two centers are directly determined from functional equations. Both the molecular form factor and the elastic x-ray scattering intensity are accurately given for a small set of multipoles on each center. The generalized x-ray scattering factors are not a property unique to the molecule, but a large number of static charge molecular properties are correctly given. Several applications of generalized x-ray scattering factors, with restricted radial functions, to x-ray diffraction data are briefly discussed.
Biochemical, Physiological, and Behavioral Characterizations of the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Lesion Produced by 192 IgG-Saporin

Selective lesioning of the cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain nuclei was a highly sought goal for use as an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease. Autopsy studies of Alzheimer’s-diseased brain tissue found that a substantial loss of the cholinergic innervation of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was a prominent feature of this disease, and the degree of this neuron loss was highly correlated with the degree of dementia (1,2). Subsequent research confirmed that cholinergic neurons originating in the nucleus basalis of Meynert, the diagonal band of Broca, and the medial septal nucleus, which terminate mainly in the cortex, olfactory bulb, and hippocampus (3,4), are destroyed in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. This loss occurred earlier than the degeneration of other types of neurons, and the scale of this cholinergic cell death was massive. The similarity to dopaminergic depletion in Parkinson’s disease was evident, and the cholinergic hypothesis for the dementia of Alzheimer’s disease was proposed. The need for an animal model to test therapeutic strategies fueled basic research about the function of this cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) system.
E1. Rooks In Space

Problem 1.5 was another form of the following problem created by Semjon Slobodnik and myself in 1972 and published in 1973, [SS].
CityCenter (A): Vision and Design

CityCenter is a $9 billion project for MGM MIRAGE. The project's star architects have a major disagreement about a critical design issue. Bill Smith, head of the MGM MIRAGE Design Group, must resolve this issue to the satisfaction of all the project's stakeholders. This case explores many issues in the construction of large scale buildings: how to envision such a project, how to manage the architects, how different designs adds value, and what criteria matter in resolving a dispute between designers. The case also explores the construction costs and revenue benefits of having two buildings built with significant leaning away from vertical.
Monitoring and Control for Hundreds Megawatt Scale Battery Energy Storage Station Based on Multi-Agent: Methodology and System Design

In this paper, a multi-agent system (MAS) -based hundreds megawatt-scale battery energy storage station monitoring system is proposed, which adopts the monitoring method of multi-agent zoning and hierarchical control to establish a multi-agent system at terminal level, local level and equipment level. Each energy storage converter of energy storage plant is controlled by a virtual synchronous machine, and the specific functions of each Agent and its coordination strategy are discussed to realize the real-time monitoring and operation control of the ultra-large-scale battery energy storage station in order to keep hundreds of megawatt-scale battery storage power station efficient and stable operations.
Quintic polynomials having Galois closure of genus zero with Galois group A5

Abstract Let f ( x ) = x 5 + a x 3 + b x 2 + c x , where a, b, and c are elements of the finite field k of size q = p t , where p > 5 and q ≡ 1 or 4 (mod 5). We determine those f ( x ) 's for which the Galois closure of k ( x ) / k ( f ( x ) ) is a rational function field with Galois group A 5 . We then determine the size of the value sets of these polynomials.
Abstract 2291: Single cell capture and molecular analysis of live CTCs using integrated microwells and single cell aspirator

Resistance to targeted therapies can be caused by acquired genomic alterations in genes that code for the targeted protein. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide an accessible source of tumor cells from diverse metastatic lesions from which to evaluate the frequency of genomic alterations that can be matched to distinct phenotypes, including therapeutic resistance. Successful analysis of the diversity of molecular mechanisms of therapeutic resistance requires isolation of live tumor cells for nucleic acid extraction. We have developed a semi-automated single cell aspirating platform to enrich and isolate live, rare cell populations for downstream molecular analysis. Using immortalized cell lines, we were able to enrich a target population of cells from a mixed population resulting a high purity sample (71.7-83.8%) to interrogate. Target cells were captured for nucleic acid extraction for downstream gene expression to validate enrichment. We demonstrate the ability to achieve high quality whole genome and transcriptome endpoints from low cell numbers in cell lines: the lower threshold for cellular input required to attain whole genome amplification (WGA) products reliable for downstream sequencing applications is now being validated. We also isolated CTCs from patient blood samples and showed phenotypic heterogeneity of EpCAM expression among individual CTCs. EpCAMhigh and EpCAMlow CTCs were detected, with a broad range of fluorescent intensities (141.2-5804.56 MFI). Using the phenotypic characterization of EpCAM expression, individual live CTCs were identified and captured for evaluation of their genomic heterogeneity. We have identified molecular heterogeneity in these cells that may reflect heterogeneity driving treatment resistance in CRPC. Early identification of treatment resistant clones may help develop intervention strategies that prolong the efficacy of molecular targeted therapies. Citation Format: Charlotte N. Stahlfeld, Jake J. Tokar, David Quigley, David Niles, Jamie M. Sperger, Felix Feng, Joshua M. Lang. Single cell capture and molecular analysis of live CTCs using integrated microwells and single cell aspirator [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2291.