cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of overweight children in Michigan primary care practices. An UPRNet study. Upper Peninsula Research Network.

BACKGROUND Our goal was to determine whether the prevalence of obesity in children who receive care in Michigan primary care practices is greater than national and state prevalences. METHODS We compared prevalences of overweight children and adolescents in primary care practices with the results of the National Health Examination Survey (NHES), the National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys, and a contemporary survey of Michigan schoolchildren. We collected data from 19 rural family practice offices and 2 urban clinics. We measured the heights and weights of 993 consecutive patients aged 4 to 17 years who visited one of the participating practices during the spring of 1996. RESULTS Obesity prevalences were the main outcome measure. Of the boys, 38% were above the 85th percentile of the NHES, and 16% were above the 95th percentile. Of the girls, 33% were above the 85th percentile, and 13% were above the 95th percentile. Prevalences of obesity were much higher among the primary care patients than in the results of the national surveys and the contemporary Michigan schoolchildren survey. CONCLUSIONS The prevalences of obesity for children and adolescents presenting for care in Michigan primary care practices are higher than the prevalences documented in state and national surveys. A larger systematic study is needed to confirm or refute these findings. If this prevalence of obesity in primary care patients is confirmed, explanations for the differences should be explored.
Intraflagellar transport in skeletal development.

Primary cilia are non-motile microtubule based appendages extending from the surface of almost all vertebrate cells. The process of Intraflagellar Transport (IFT) is responsible for building and maintaining the structure and function of primary cilia. Disruption of Kif3·, a component of the Kinesin-II motor complex, disables anterograde IFT and leads to failure in the formation and maintenance of cilia. Likewise, the absence of IFT88/Tg737/Polaris, a core component of the IFT particle, results in the loss of cilia. The functional significance of primary cilia has only recently been uncovered. We recently used the Cre-Lox strategy to target deletion of IFT proteins to skeletal tissue to determine the role of primary cilia in embryonic and post-natal skeletal development 1-3 . Deletion of Kif3· or IFT88 in Prx1 expressing cells results in defects in embryonic endochondral bone formation including a dramatic reduction in bone length and accelerated hypertrophic differentiation as early as E14.5 days 1 . Prx1- Cre is expressed in early limb mesenchyme starting at E9.5 days and thus recombination is present in chondrocytes and perichondrium/periosteum 4 . Defects in endochondral bone formation were at least in part due to disruption of Indian Hedghog (Ihh) signaling as measured by the expression of Ptc1 and Gli1, direct targets of Hh signaling. Ectopic cartilage was found in the periosteum along the diaphysis in E18.5 day embryos. This phenotype is distinct from that seen in Ihh-null mice and suggests that additional signaling pathways, for example, canonical Wnt signaling, may also be affected by the loss of IFT. In contrast, deletion of Kif3· or IFT88 in Col2· expressing cells did not affect embryonic skeletal development; however, defects in the post-natal growth plate were seen starting at about
2D and 3D Back Analysis of the Forest City Landslide (South Dakota)

Landslides are a common geologic feature in the Missouri River trench and along the valleys of Missouri River tributaries. These landslides are commonly found to develop in the Pierre Shale formation in this region. Pierre Shale is a weakly cemented marine clay shale developed in Cretaceous age by sediments from Epeiric Sea. This clay shale is well known for imposing engineering challenges in the form of slope instability and foundation difficulties because of its non-homogeneity and high plasticity. It is known as heavily overconsolidated shale which can fail due to minor disturbances. Based on the development of dams and transportation infrastructure in this area understanding the behavior of Pierre shale is extremely important to assess the stability of those structures. As the shale material in this area is already fissured and has the history of numerous landslides, its residual strength is considered over peak strength to efficiently represent its strength. This thesis investigates a possible range of the residual friction angle for the Pierre Shale. The Forest City landslide which occurred in the Missouri River trench is selected as a case study for this purpose. The residual friction angle values are evaluated by performing a deterministic back analysis of the slope in two and three dimensions. The deterministic two dimension analysis is performed in limit equilibrium and finite element methods using SLOPE/W and SIGMA/W softwares from GEOSTUDIO 2007. A deterministic three dimensional analysis is performed by using CLARA/W software. The values obtained from these analyses are compared and a reasonable value of 4 to 6.64 is selected to represent the residual friction angle values for the Pierre Shale.
Dynamic Iso-Topic Lifting with Application to Fibonacci's Sequence and Mandelbrot's Set

In this exploration, we introduce and define "dynamic iso-spaces", which are cutting-edge iso-mathematical constructions that are built with "dynamic iso-topic liftings" for "dynamic iso-unit functions". For this, we consider both the continuous and discrete cases. Subsequently, we engineer two simple examples that engage Fibonacci's sequence and Mandelbrot's set to define a "Fibonacci dynamic iso-space" and a "Mandelbrot dynamic iso-space", respectively. In total, this array of resulting iso-structures indicates that a new branch of iso-mathematics may be in order.
Efficacy of Antibody to PNAG Against Keratitis Caused by Fungal Pathogens.

Purpose Developing immunotherapies for fungal eye infections is a high priority. We analyzed fungal pathogens for expression of the surface polysaccharide, poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (PNAG), and used a mouse model of ocular keratitis caused by Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, or Fusarium solani to determine if PNAG was an immunotherapy target and requirements for ancillary cellular and molecular immune effectors. Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or immunofluorescence was used to detect PNAG on fungal cells. Keratitis was induced by scratching corneas of C57BL/6, IL-17R KO, RAG-1 KO, or IL-22 KO mice followed by inoculation with fungal pathogens. Goat antibodies to PNAG, a PNAG-specific human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, or control antibodies were injected either prophylactically plus therapeutically or therapeutically only, and corneal pathology and fungal levels determined in infected eyes at 24 or 48 hours after infection. Results All tested fungal species produced PNAG. Prophylactic or therapeutic treatment by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of antibody to PNAG combined with post-infection topical application of antibody, the latter also used for A. fumigatus, led to reduced fungal levels, corneal pathology, and cytokine expression. Topical administration only of the PNAG monoclonal antibodies (MAb) reduced fungal loads and corneal pathology. There was no antibody protection in IL-17R KO, RAG-1 KO, or IL-22 KO mice. Conclusions Poly-N-acetyl glucosamine is produced by clinically important fungal ocular pathogens. Antibody to PNAG demonstrated protection against Aspergillus and Fusarium keratitis, requiring T cells producing IL-17 and IL-22. These findings indicate the potential to prevent or treat fungal infections by vaccines and immunotherapeutics to PNAG.
Morphological stability of Ni(Al)/Ni3Al nanolaminate composites

This manuscript discusses the morphological instability observed when multilayered samples with alternating layers of γ-Ni(Al)/γ-Ni3Al are exposed to 800C for approximately 100 hours. Samples with 20nm/20nm or 120nm/120nm layer thickness and or crystal orientation to the interface normal were tested. Pinching off of layers is strongly affected by crystal orientation and layer thickness. Corresponding modeling suggests that the stability of this system is sensitive to fluctuations in the volume fraction of the two phases, the aspect ratio of columnar grains in the layers, and whether coherent or semi-coherent interfaces are present.
New and Forthcoming

This Handbook is the first to provide an account of the scholarship of management teaching and learning. [...]
Associations of Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Concentration With Subsequent Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Levels in Adolescents

Importance Research indicates that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (vaping) among adolescents is associated with the initiation and progression of combustible cigarette smoking. The reasons for this association are unknown. Objective To evaluate whether use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations is associated with subsequent increases in the frequency and intensity of combustible cigarette smoking and vaping. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective cohort study involving students from 10 high schools in the Los Angeles, California, metropolitan area, surveys were administered during 10th grade in the spring (baseline) and 11th grade in the fall (6-month follow-up) of 2015 to students who reported using e-cigarettes within the past 30 days and the nicotine concentration level they used at baseline. Exposures Self-report of baseline e-cigarette nicotine concentration of none (0 mg/mL), low (1-5 mg/mL), medium (6-17 mg/mL), or high (≥18 mg/mL) typically used during the past 30 days. Main Outcomes and Measures Frequency of combustible cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use within the past 30 days (0 days [none], 1-2 days [infrequent], or ≥3 days [frequent]) and daily intensity of smoking and vaping (number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of vaping episodes per day, and number of puffs per vaping episode) at the 6-month follow-up. Results The analytic sample included 181 students (96 boys [53.0%] and 85 girls [47.0%]; mean [SD] age, 16.1 [0.4] years). Each successive increase in nicotine concentration (none to low, low to medium, and medium to high) vaped was associated with a 2.26 (95% CI, 1.28-3.98) increase in the odds of frequent (vs no) smoking and a 1.65 (95% CI, 1.09-2.51) increase in the odds of frequent (vs no) vaping at follow-up after adjustment for baseline frequency of smoking and vaping and other relevant covariates. Use of e-cigarettes with high (vs no) nicotine concentration was associated with a greater number of cigarettes smoked per day at follow-up (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 7.03; 95% CI, 6.11-7.95). An association with a significantly greater number of vaping episodes per day was found with use of low (adjusted RR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.61-4.03), medium (adjusted RR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.54-4.10), and high (adjusted RR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.63-3.24) nicotine concentrations (vs no nicotine) at baseline. Similar results were found for the number of puffs per vaping episode for low (adjusted RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.41-2.70), medium (adjusted RR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.66-4.11), and high (adjusted RR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.03) nicotine concentrations. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations by youths may increase subsequent frequency and intensity of smoking and vaping.
Characterization of lithium niobate microdisk resonators with grating couplers

We present the design and characterization of lithium photonic microdisk resonators with grating couplers fabricated in lithium niobate thin-films. The Q-factor was 7.4 × 104 for a 75 μm diameter microdisk.
Challenges in Cell-Based Therapies for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration: Lessons Learned From Embryonic Development and Pathophysiology

Abstract Despite ongoing research and recent clinical advancements, degeneration of the intervertebral discs (IVDs) and associated back pain remain ubiquitous and expensive conditions to treat. It is estimated that about 80% of the population will suffer from back pain at some time during their lifetime, and much of this pain is directly attributable to degeneration of the IVDs commonly referred as disc disease (Deyo and Weinstein, 2001; Freemont, 2009). Underscoring this point, a recently concluded 20-year study showed that low back pain (LBP) is ranked the first in number of years lived with disability, whereas neck pain is ranked fourth. In addition, LBP was the fourth highest in disability-adjusted life-year ranking—a measure of missed “healthy” years of life (Murray et al., 2013). Costs from spinal diseases continue to rise; in 2005 in the United States alone, the costs associated with treating spine-related pathologies were estimated at about $85.9 billion. To the dismay of medical community, from 1997 to 2005, a Medical Expenditure Panel Survey found no significant improvements in multiple parameters surveyed, including self-assessed functional disability, work limitations, health status, and social functioning (Martin et al., 2008). Furthermore, spinal fusion, one of the commonly practiced surgeries to relieve back pain stemming from degenerative discs, has been demonstrated to alter biomechanics of the adjacent discs raising concerns about the procedure (Phillips et al., 2002). It is amply clear from these studies that there is an urgent need for novel, effective strategies for the treatment of IVD degeneration and associated back pain.
Probe-IoT: A public digital ledger based forensic investigation framework for IoT

The increased deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices will make them targets for attacks. IoT devices can also be used as tools for committing crimes. In this regard, we propose Probe-IoT — a forensic investigation framework using a public digital ledger to find facts in criminal incidents in IoT-based systems. Probe-IoT collects interactions that take place among various IoT entities (clouds, users, and IoT devices) as evidence and stores them securely as transactions in public, distributed and decentralized blockchain network which is similar to the Bitcoin network. Probe-IoT presents a scheme that ensures integrity, confidentiality, anonymity, and non-repudiation of the evidence stored in the public ledger. Furthermore, during the investigation of a malicious incident, Probe-IoT provides a mechanism to acquire evidence from the ledger and verify the authenticity and integrity of the obtained evidence.
Analysis of Cargo Transport by IFT and GFP Imaging of IFT in Chlamydomonas

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is the organism in which intraflagellar transport (IFT) was first visualized and in which the composition of IFT particles was originally elucidated. As the universality of IFT among ciliated/flagellated cells was uncovered, the diversity of organisms used to study IFT has grown. Still, because of the ease of isolation of flagella from Chlamydomonas and the battery of temperature-sensitive mutants affecting IFT proteins and motors, this unicellular alga remains the principal model for biochemical studies of IFT motors and cargo; furthermore, the long, exposed flagella of this cell are ideally suited for observing IFT in real time with GFP-tagged components of IFT.
The Not-So-Individual Voter: Controlled and Split Ballot Casting in Family Households Around the World

It is almost axiomatic in the study of elections that the vote is an expression of individual preference, even in the context of the family household. This paper questions how well this assumption of individual voting applies to the actual voting behavior of household members around the world by taking notice of two empirical anomalies reported widely in election monitoring field reports, ethnographic monographs, and electoral commission studies: controlled voting (the dictating of women’s and younger men’s vote choices by senior male household members) and split voting (the deliberate allocation of a family’s votes across two or more candidates). Controlled and split voting complicate assumptions that, within the context of the family household, individual voters are always sovereign over their vote choices or the most enlightening units of analysis. Acknowledging this more complex reality has deep consequences for how study and judge elections around the world.
INTRODUCTION: ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH RISKS

I would like to provide first a very brief overview of risk assessment and, second, the reasons why regulatory agencies like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are interested in chemicals that cause aneuploidy.
Computer Aided Engineering in the Food Industry

The potential areas for use of computer-aided engineering in the food industry are enormous and range from the design, to the operation of intergrated food processing systems. Computers can allow the food scientist and the food engineer to systematically and efficiently select from a myriad of alternatives the most effective design or operational mode of a process. As an example, once the food scientist has, through the use of the computer, developed the optimal formulation, the food engineer will, also with the aid of the computer, design the optimal processing system to manufacture the product. After the plant has been designed and constructed, plant management can then use the computer to schedule, operate, and control for the optimal production of the food product The tasks of formulation, design and operation, will be linked together with a common data base to allow the efficient transfer of information from product development through to production.
Prevalence, Persistence, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. from Eggs and Laying Hens Housed in Five Commercial Housing Systems

Abstract Husbandry practices for laying hens in commercial egg production is a topic of interest from a social, economic, and regulatory standpoint. Animal welfare concerns regarding the use of con...
Post irradiation examination of nanoprecipitate stability and α′ precipitation in an oxide dispersion strengthened Fe-12Cr-5Al alloy

Abstract Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) FeCrAl alloy (Fe-12Cr-5Al wt%) was neutron irradiated to 1.8 displacements per atom (dpa) at 215, 357, and 557 °C to investigate (Y,Al,O) nano-oxide stability and Cr-rich α′ precipitate formation using atom probe tomography. The nano-oxide sizes remain unchanged after irradiation, but the compositions are dependent on irradiation temperature due to competition between ballistic dissolution and precipitate reformation. Cr-rich clusters observed after 357 °C irradiation have lower Cr contents (61 at.%) than equilibrium α′, with a lower number density than wrought FeCrAl alloys. This suggests a suppression of α′ precipitation due to the high sink strength of ODS FeCrAl.
Supplementary Material for Characterizing Input Methods for Human-to-Robot Demonstrations

In this section, we discuss some extensions of Section III and expand on the limitations mentioned in Section VI of the main article.
Identification of Protective CD8 T Cell Responses in a Mouse Model of Zika Virus Infection.

Many flaviviruses including dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) have attracted significant attention in the past few years. As many flaviviruses are spread by arthropods, most of the world's population is at risk of encountering a flavivirus, and infection with these viruses has created a significant disease burden worldwide. Vaccination against flaviviruses is thought to be one of the most promising avenues for reducing the disease burden associated with these viruses. The optimism surrounding a vaccine approach is supported by the highly successful vaccines for yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis. Central to the development of new successful vaccines is the understanding of the correlates of protection that will be necessary to engineer into new vaccines. To aid in this endeavor we have directed our efforts to identify correlates of protection that will reduce the disease burden associated with ZIKV and DENV. Within this study we have identified a novel murine ZIKV specific CD8+ T cell epitope, and shown that the ZIKV epitope specific CD8+ T cell response has a distinct immunodominance hierarchy present during acute infection and is detectible as part of the memory T cell responses. Our studies confirm that ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells are an important correlate of protection for ZIKV and demonstrate that both naive and ZIKV immune CD8+ T cells are sufficient for protection against a lethal ZIKV infection. Overall this study adds to the body of literature demonstrating a role for CD8+ T cells in controlling flavivirus infection.
In-house writing support: who uses supplemental resources, and how, and for what purpose?

In the US, supplemental writing resources have played a strong role in higher education, emphasizing nondirective peer tutoring, but recent initiatives have developed discipline-specific teaching-o...
Effects of grain alignment efficiency on synthetic dust polarization observations of molecular clouds

It is well known that the polarized continuum emission from magnetically aligned dust grains is determined to a large extent by local magnetic field structure. However, the observed significant anticorrelation between polarization fraction and column density may be strongly affected, perhaps even dominated by variations in grain alignment efficiency with local conditions, in contrast to standard assumptions of a spatially homogeneous grain alignment efficiency. Here we introduce a generic way to incorporate heterogeneous grain alignment into synthetic polarization observations of molecular clouds (MCs), through a simple model where the grain alignment efficiency depends on the local gas density as a power law. We justify the model using results derived from radiative torque alignment theory. The effects of power-law heterogeneous alignment models on synthetic observations of simulated MCs are presented. We find that the polarization fraction-column density correlation can be brought into agreement with observationally determined values through heterogeneous alignment, though there remains degeneracy with the relative strength of cloud-scale magnetized turbulence and the mean magnetic field orientation relative to the observer. We also find that the dispersion in polarization angles-polarization fraction correlation remains robustly correlated despite the simultaneous changes to both observables in the presence of heterogeneous alignment.
Will Smith: A Global Brand of Blackness

Aldridge’s chapter challenges the widespread assumption in the Hollywood film industry that casting a black star in a Hollywood-produced film and/or television show leads to underperformance in international markets. The result of this belief, she argues, is that many film and television producers in this decidedly risk-averse industry have been and continue to be reluctant to invest in films where blackness is central to the narrative. Focusing on Will Smith and his body of work, Aldridge traces the key elements contributing to Smith’s international success thus challenging the Hollywood lore that “black doesn’t do well in foreign.”
Being and Evil: Revisiting 'Privatio Boni'

After outlining the previously proposed notion of the ‘non-personal Universe of Being', this paper delineates a hypothetical scenario of the unimpeded development of Being in the world and the deviations from it - natural and moral Evil. It argues first that they are inevitable, due to the multiplicity of systems operating in the cosmos and the complexity of the workings of the ‘moral brain'. Secondly it argues that those deviations lead to ill effects (evils) which - in analogy to their traditional interpretation as privatio boni - are seen here as a privatio entis within humans and natural ‘substances' (i.e., a failure to reach their full Being), and not separate substances themselves; their mode of being fits best in the category of ‘states/events' (Chisholm). On a practical level, the idea of its inevitability motivates a stoic acceptance of evil as a universal condition of life (although resistance to it is needed in particular situations in which it is preventable); in turn, the notion of privatio entis carries several psychological benefits, among which the conviction that, since the growth of Being/Good is endless, it will prevail in the future, consistent with the scientific idea of ‘synchronization', nature's ‘yearning for order' (Strogatz).
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS CELL PHONE RELATED ACTIVITIES ON GAIT KINEMATICS.

Background: With cell phone use and ownership on the rise, daily circumstances often require individuals to divide attentional resources between walking and a cell phone-related task. This division...
Towards a serious game based human-robot framework for fatigue assessment

Fatigue is a prevalent and important symptom in many diseases and disorders. It may be categorized into two main types physical and cognitive. It is important to study both of these as in the real world they frequently occur at the same time. In this paper, a testbed to study physical and cognitive fatigue is introduced. The system utilizes a game and a robotic arm to induce cognitive and physical fatigue respectively. The game incorporated the N-back tasks to induce cognitive fatigue. The robotic arm induced physical fatigue by resisting subjects' movements. Results indicate that this system is able to induce cognitive fatigue, and also indicate new directions for future research
Siberia's 'gateway to the underworld' hit by heat wave.

Known to locals as the "gateway to the underworld," the Batagay megaslump in Siberia is the largest thaw slump on the planet. Once just a gully on a slope logged in the 1960s, the scar has expanded year by year, as the permafrost thaws and meltwater carries off the sediment. Now more than 900 meters wide, it epitomizes the vulnerability of permafrost in the Arctic, where temperatures have shot up twice as fast as the global average over the past 30 years. But it is also a time capsule that is seducing scientists with its snapshots of ancient climates and ecosystems. Dates from ice and soil gathered at Batagay show it holds the oldest exposed permafrost in Eurasia, spanning the past 650,000 years. That record could reveal how permafrost and surface vegetation responded to past warm climates.
Getting to the heart of bone loss

Heart attack leads to systemic bone loss in mice, indicating fracture risk as a clinical comorbidity of heart attack.
Ensuring Safe Access to Mifepristone During the Pandemic and Beyond.

This article discusses the risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) program imposed by the Food and Drug Administration for mifepristone.
Abduction of Semantic Patterns

In the study of regular structures the mappings between them play a central role, just as is the case in algebra in general. One there-fore examines homomorphisms, isomorphisms, and deformations between regular structures in order to better understand the structures. Here we shall also investigate mappings, but from another point of view, namely that of learning the mapping from a finite experience.
Abstract 13658: Factors Associated With the Unnecessary Continuation of Cardiac Telemetry Through Discharge

Background: Inpatient cardiac telemetry remains over-utilized. Even when ordered judiciously, telemetry may be unnecessarily continued through discharge, adding cost, complexity, and inconvenience ...
Persistence of Palpitations After Slow Pathway Modification for AVNRT in Young People

Symptoms are the most common indication for ablation in children with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). After the procedure, patients may continue to report palpitations. The objective of this study was to quantify the risk and duration of palpitations after pediatric slow pathway modification as well as demographic and technical associations. This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients at a pediatric center who underwent slow pathway modification for AVNRT from 2012 to 2018. Patients with a prior ablation attempt or congenital heart disease were excluded. Palpitations were documented in 35% of patients after ablation. Neither post-ablation echo beats nor other evidence of residual dual AV nodal physiology were associated with a higher risk of post-ablation palpitations. Of the 35 patients with post-ablation palpitations, the median time to resolution of palpitations was 48 months. Acute procedural success was achieved in all 100 cases. There were two recurrences of AVNRT during long-term follow-up and one instance of ectopic atrial tachycardia (3% SVT recurrence). Palpitations after AVNRT ablation occurred in approximately one-third of cases, despite a low recurrence of true arrhythmia. Prior to ablation, patients and families should be counseled that post-ablation palpitations are common and AVNRT recurrence is rare.
A study of elastico-viscous fluid flow by a revolving disk with heat dissipation effects using HAM based package BVPh 2.0.

Von Karman problem of infinite disk is re-examined when fluid under consideration is elastico-viscous, satisfying the constitutive relations of Walters-B model. Main target here is to demonstrate how the presence of elasticity alters heat transfer phenomenon for the said problem especially when heat dissipation term is included in the analysis. We assume a self-similarity solution that results in a system of coupled non-linear equations. An easy to use package BVPh 2.0 based on the homotopy analysis method is used to present series solutions for values of elastico-viscous fluid parameter ( $$K$$ ) in the range $$0 \le K \le 1$$ . Residuals are evaluated numerically at various order of approximations which depict that obtained solutions converge to the exact solutions. Boundary layer is substantially suppressed due to the consideration of elastico-viscous fluid assumption. Furthermore, velocity of the entrained fluid is inversely proportional to the parameter $$K$$ . The results predict a substantial drop in heat transfer rate whenever elasticity effects are present. A considerable role of heat dissipation towards thickening of thermal boundary layer is apparent from the findings.
Teaching a computer forensics course

Recent research points to a severe shortage of cybersecurity professionals right now and in the near future. Universities are introducing cybersecurity programs to fill the gap between cybersecurity professionals' supply and demand. Although cybersecurity concepts/courses are being taught in many undergraduate programs for quite some time, but with the recent surge for cybersecurity professionals' demand, educators have realized the need to offer cybersecurity degree programs. Despite having a plethora of unstructured cybersecurity information available, faculty are struggling to find structured content for cybersecurity major courses. In this paper, we discuss our efforts of teaching a computer forensics course. We present our teaching modules and associated hands-on activities with the hope that our peers might find our course content or teaching methodology helpful in preparing similar courses.
Challenging the Traditional Paradigm of Supply and Demand in Pediatric Liver Transplantation Through Nondirected Living Donation: A Case Series.

Background A gap exists between the demand for pediatric liver transplantation and the supply of appropriate size-matched donors. We describe our center's experience with pediatric liver transplantation using anonymous non-directed living liver donors (ND-LLD). Methods First-time pediatric liver transplant candidates listed at our center between January 2012 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, categorized by donor graft type, and recipients of ND-LLD grafts were described. Results 13 ND-LLD pediatric liver transplants were performed, including 8 left lateral segments, 4 left lobes, and 1 right lobe. 5 of the ND-LLD recipients had no directed living donor evaluated, while the remaining 8 (62%) had all potential directed donors ruled out during the evaluation process. Recipient and graft survival was 100% over a median follow up time of 445 (70 - 986) days. 69% of ND-LLD were previous living kidney donors and one ND-LLD went on to donate a kidney after liver donation. 46% of the ND-LLD were approved prior to the recipient being listed. Over time, the proportion of living donor transplants performed, specifically from ND-LLD, increased and the number of children on the waitlist decreased. Conclusion The introduction of ND-LLDs to a pediatric liver transplant program can expand the benefit of living donor liver transplantation to children without a suitable directed living donor, while achieving excellent outcomes for both the recipients and donors.
Protection against Mycoplasma bovis infection in calves following intranasal vaccination with modified-live Mannheimia haemolytica expressing Mycoplasma antigens.

Abstract Novel live vaccine strains of Mannheimia haemolytica serotypes (St)1 and St6, expressing and secreting inactive yet immunogenic leukotoxin (leukotoxoid) fused to antigenic domains of Mycoplasma bovis Elongation Factor Tu (EFTu) and Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 were constructed and tested for efficacy in cattle. Control calves were administered an intranasal mixture of M. haemolytica St1 and St6 mutants (ΔlktCAV4) expressing and secreting leukotoxoid while vaccinated calves were administered an intranasal mixture of like M. haemolytica St1 and St6 leukotoxoid mutants coupled to M. bovis antigens (EFTu-Hsp70-ΔlktCAV4). Both M. haemolytica strains were recovered from palatine tonsils up to 34 days post intranasal exposure. On day 35 all calves were exposed to bovine herpes virus-1, four days later lung challenged with virulent M. bovis, then euthanized up to 20 days post-challenge. Results showed all cattle produced systemic antibody responses against M. haemolytica. The vaccinates also produced systemic antibody responses to M. bovis antigen, and concurrent reductions in temperatures, middle ear infections, joint infection and lung lesions versus the control group. Notably, dramatically decreased lung loads of M. bovis were detected in the vaccinated cattle. These observations indicate that the attenuated M. haemolytica vaccine strains expressing Mycoplasma antigens can control M. bovis infection and disease symptoms in a controlled setting.
Double sleeve guided placement of quadruple zygomatic implants for rehabilitation of a patient with ectodermal dysplasia: A clinical report

The surgical and prosthodontic treatment for a 22-year-old man with ectodermal dysplasia is described and illustrated. He had never managed to wear complete dentures, and implant-retained or implant-supported prostheses were indicated. However, the placement of conventional maxillary endosseous implants was contraindicated. A novel surgical template with double sleeves was used to guide osteotomies for 4 zygomatic implants used with an unloaded, one-stage approach. After confirming osseointegration, prosthetic rehabilitation began with an interim implant-supported fixed prosthesis to evaluate esthetics, phonetics, and hygiene maintenance. Clinical challenges included lip biting and speech articulation.
Kidney Replacement Therapy for Patients Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass Support during Cardiac Surgery.

Patients receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) preoperatively who require cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass support present a particular challenge for the nephrologist. The earliest patient series from 1968 ([1][1]) highlights some of the challenges in anuric patients requiring KRT
Authentic Marine Research Experiences for Low-Income and First Generation High School Students Used to Level the Playing Field and Decrease Attrition in STEM

Summer research experiences are often life-changing for first generation high school students of color, especially in the marine biology field. The University of Southern California (USC) Leslie and Bill McMorrow Neighborhood Academic Initiative (USC NAI) partners with STEM professionals, laboratory scientists, local marine-based field sites, marine educators, and laboratory managers to facilitate hands-on, inquiry-based research and learning experiences for the high school students that participate in their program. These partnerships collaborate with instructors to deliver an ocean research methods course to the students. The learning goals of the course include providing the foundational scientific skills needed to succeed in the STEM workforce and learning about various marine related careers. As a result of the ocean research methods course and other STEM interventions with USC NAI, 42% of NAI grads who have gone to USC have declared a STEM major as freshmen since 2013.
Rydberg States of H2

While Rydberg atoms have been extensively studied for well over a decade, high resolution laser studies of Rydberg molecules have only recently begun. To the extent that an electron moves far from the core, one might expect that Rydberg molecules should differ little from Rydberg atoms. However, the structure of the molecular ion core of a Rydberg molecule is not negligible. Its motion couples strongly to that of the electron via long range potentials, and the core’s ro-vibrational energy levels are very closely spaced in comparison with core excitations of atoms. This provides a much higher multiplicity of channel limits than is encountered in Rydberg atoms. Finally, molecules have modes of decay, namely dissociation, not available to atoms. Thus a fundamental question to be addressed experimentally is whether or not Rydberg molecules can be understood in similar terms to their atomic counterparts.
A data driven framework for early prediction of customer response to promotions

The study proposes a framework based on functional analysis of transaction data to predict customer spending during promotional events. Retailers face the challenge of considering an extant number of variables and of accounting for methodological constraints while modeling customer response to promotions. Noise and uneven distribution of spending further introduces error into traditional models’ estimates. We represent each customer’s spending as a continuous curve that accounts for heterogeneity due to the purchase cycle as well as cross sectional differences. In order to obtain an optimal functional representation we utilize a data driven iterative procedure. Statistical information from the collection of spending curves is drawn using functional data analysis (FDA). Analysis of a real customer dataset from a North American retail chain shows that the dynamics of information captured by optimal functional representation of transaction data significantly improves predictions for out of sample observations. Framework provides a guideline for modeling fast moving, heterogeneous and noisy customer related data to assist managerial decision making during specialized events such as promotions.
An expert system for automobile car diagnosis

The authors outline the development of an AI-based expert system for trouble-shooting a car. The system is built on the basis of a hierarchical classification of concepts. Each node in the hierarchical structure represents a malfunction hypothesis. The knowledge is represented by forward-chaining production rules. The organization of rules emulates an expert's approach in problem solving. A control strategy termed 'propose-refine' is used that proposes a set of possible malfunctions and refines them depending on the prevailing situation. Incorporation of judgemental knowledge and uncertainty management are discussed. The expertise embedded in the system is based on the judgemental knowledge obtained from the experts in the field of automobile trouble-shooting. >
Studies on the removal of endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid activity from rat liver microsomes. Effect of removal on polyuridylic acid-directed incorporation of phenylalanine.

Abstract Rat liver microsomes preincubated for 12 min with all the factors necessary for amino acid incorporation do not incorporate phenylalanine in the absence of polyuridylic acid. In the presence of polyuridylic acid, preincubated microsomes show a 3- to 4-fold greater polyuridylic acid-directed phenylalanine incorporation than nonpreincubated microsomes. By varying preincubation time, temperature, and magnesium ion, adenosine triphosphate, or guanosine triphosphate concentration, the amount of phenylalanine incorporated during preincubation and the phenylalanine-incorporating activity remaining after preincubation are altered. Under these various conditions the response of preincubated microsomes to polyuridylic acid is shown to be directly related to the amount of amino acid incorporated during preincubation and inversely related to the amino acid-incorporating activity remaining after preincubation. Preincubated microsomes are more sensitive to low levels of polyuridylic acid and require higher levels of polyuridylic acid to saturate their capacity to incorporate phenylalanine. Furthermore, preincubated microsomes from which endogenous messenger ribonucleic acid activity has been removed bind greater amounts of polyuridylic acid.
Nucleotide sequence of 4.5 S ribonucleic acid of Novikoff hepatoma cell nuclei.

Abstract The primary sequence of nucleotides has been defined for 4.5 S RNAi, which is one type of low molecular weight nuclear RNA of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. This RNA is the first unique nuclear species of mammalian RNA to be sequenced. It is specifically localized to the extranucleolar portion of the nucleus and is not a precursor of tRNA. Highly labeled 4.5 S RNAi was obtained from cells incubated with [32P]orthophosphate in vitro. The RNA was purified by successive gel electrophoresis and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. The primary sequence of nucleotides of this RNA shows that it has a purine-rich 5' end and a pyrimidine-rich 3' end: [see PDF for sequence].
Assessment of European energy and carbon profiles of manual and automatic dishwashing

Domestic energy use generates a significant proportion of anthropogenic global carbon emissions. To date, many reduction programmes in the domestic sector have focused on increasing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption in the home. Consumer goods manufacturers also have a role to play in raising consumer awareness and encouraging behavioural change. The first step in identifying opportunities for decreasing carbon emissions is to understand emission sources and quantify their relative importance. This study investigates energy and associated carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) emissions from dishwashing. Specifically, it assesses the relative CO2e profiles of washing dishes by hand (manual dishwashing) and using a machine (automatic dishwashing) and included consumer behaviours. This study also specifically considers the relative efficiencies of appliances used to heat water. The study followed recognized international protocols for life cycle assessment and carbon footprinting. On this basis, the same assessment boundary was applied to both processes. Output comparisons were based on: 1 the sources of energy uses (e.g. electricity, gas, etc.); 2 the associated CO2e emissions; and 3 the cost of energy used. Various data sources have been used and are referenced. Calculations of appliance energy use for manual dishwashing considered country-specific data for water heaters including fuel types and efficiencies. Automatic dishwashing appliance energy use was calculated from machine manufacturers' electricity use data. The conclusions show that, for each of the six European countries assessed and based on the study assumptions, the automatic dishwashing process uses less life cycle energy than manual dishwashing and consequently results in lower CO2e emissions. Differences in country-specific energy generation mixes, consumer behaviour and boiler efficiencies show variations in the outcomes; overall, however, there appears to be a clear benefit in switching from manual to automatic dishwashing both in terms of CO2e emissions and in terms of annualized costs.
The Impact of Legislative Term Limits on State Debt: Increased Spending, Flat Revenue

This article examines the effect of state legislative term limits on government debt levels. Past research has shown the influence of term limits on spending, but the effect of term limits on state debt is arguably more important in considering their desirability. We explain the relation between term limits and debt using the expected impact of changes in the composition, institutional dynamics, and behavior of state legislatures after term limits take effect. The hypothesis is that term limits will increase state government debt. Using regressions with panel corrected standard errors on data from the states between 1993 and 2008, the results empirically support the expectation that term-limited states have significantly higher debt than nonterm limited states. Term-limited states greatly increase spending while not increasing revenue levels and thus substantially increase debt. Since states with term limits have higher debt, we advise caution in adopting them. Related Articles:“Assessing the Impact of Term Limits on Competition in Florida and Maine.” (2009) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00163.x/abstract“A Matter of Time: Some Consequences of State Legislative Term Limits.” (1994) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00317.x/abstract“An Analysis of the 1990–1992 Term Limitation Elections.” (1994) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1994.tb00340.x/abstract Este articulo examina el efecto de los limites de periodos de mandato para legisladores estatales en los niveles de deuda gubernamental. Investigaciones previas han mostrado el impacto de los limites de periodos de mandato en el gasto gubernamental, pero el efecto de estos en la deuda estatal es probablemente mas importante cuando se evaluan sus beneficios. Explicamos esta relacion basandonos en el impacto esperado de cambios en la composicion, dinamica institucional, y comportamiento de legislaturas estatales luego de que el limite para el periodo entra en vigor. La hipotesis es que los limites para periodos de mandato aumentaran el nivel de deuda estatal. Usando regresiones un Panel de Correccion de Errores Estandar en datos de los 50 estados entre 1993-2008, los resultados apoyan empiricamente la expectativa de que los estados con limites tendran un mayor nivel de deuda que sus contrapartes. Los estados con limites en los periodos de mandato aumentan de manera considerable su gasto mientras sus niveles de ingresos no aumentan y por lo tanto elevan significativamente su deuda. Debido a que los estados con limites en los periodos de mandato tienen una mayor deuda, recomendamos tener precaucion al adoptarlos.
A contemporary appraisal of the role of stress in schizophrenia

Abstract It is generally accepted that schizophrenia is the result of a diathesis–stress interaction. This chapter selectively reviews stress research in schizophrenia, drawing on findings ranging from the sociocultural to the immunological. The studies are divided into sources of stress and the processes of stress for ease of review and discussion. The final section presents an integrative attempt to articulate the role of stress in schizophrenia and to suggest studies for the future. It is concluded, in part, that as the field emerges from the “decade of the brain” it will be important to incorporate an individuals cognitive appraisal of the environment as a significant factor in our understanding of stress.