cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TOPOLOGICAL STUDY OF GLOBAL QUANTIZATION IN NON-ABELIAN GAUGE THEORIES AND THE OPEN UNIVERSE

We study some topological aspects of non-Abelian gauge theories intimately connected with the Lie algebras of the gauge groups and the homotopy theory in the generalized gauge orbit space. The physics connection with the nonperturbative solution to the strong CP problem by magnetic monopoles and the quantization rule for the effective vacuum angle as originally proposed by the author are also discussed. In addition, some relevant topological formulas are given and discussed. We emphasize that a result7 from their physics application is that the usual gauge orbit space on the compactified space may contain at most a Z2 monopole structure in the SP(2N)(N=rank) gauge theories; such a Z2 structure may induce spontaneous CP violations in SP(2N) gauge theories, as was noted. Some relevance to the open universe is discussed too. It is expected from our results that the open universe in the case of a nonvanishing θ can also be regarded as a quantum effect of the global quantization in the gauge orbit space. We expect that our results will be useful for other studies of non-Abelian gauge theories in general. Some remarks are also given related to our global quantization and the gauge theories in generalized gauge orbit space.
Surgery for Primary and Metastatic Tumors of the Spine

Elsberg’s 1925 description of the surgical treatment of spinal-cord tumors is among the first extensive series on surgery of the spine (Elsberg 1925). The series illustrated the limitations at that time in delineating tumor size and location. These limitations were asso ciated with long surgical procedures and a significant mortality rate. Prior to advances in microsurgical techniques, surgery of most spinal-cord tumors consisted of open biopsy and radiation therapy. Today, excellent results can be anticipated with all but the most malignant of spinal-cord tumors. This progress has been fostered by significant advances in disciplines that are essential to safe and efficacious surgery of the bony elements of the spine and the neural structures of the spinal-cord. In this chapter we present surgical considerations for patients with primary and metastatic tumors of the spine. Important advances and applications of radiation therapy for patients with spinal-cord tumors are discussed in the following chapter.
Near-inertial parametric subharmonic instability of internal wave beams in a background mean flow

The effect of a small background constant horizontal mean flow on the parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) of locally confined internal wave beams is discussed for the case where the beam frequency is close to twice the inertial frequency due to background rotation. Under this condition, PSI is particularly potent because of the vanishing of the group velocity at the inertial frequency, which prolongs contact of near-inertial subharmonic perturbations with the primary wave. The mean flow generally stabilizes the very short-scale limit of such perturbations. By contrast, the stability of longer-scale perturbations hinges on the strength and the direction of the mean flow; particularly, a negative mean flow (antiparallel to the horizontal projection of the beam group velocity) can extend the sub-inertial range of PSI. However, a large enough mean flow of either sign ultimately weakens PSI.
Integrated Smoking Cessation for Smokers With Serious Mental Illness: Protocol for a Convergent Mixed Methods Implementation Evaluation Study.

Background: Tobacco smoking is associated with significant morbidity and premature mortality in individuals with serious mental illness. A 2-year pragmatic clinical trial (PCORI PCS-1504-30472) that enrolled 1100 individuals with serious mental illness in the greater Boston area was conducted to test 2 interventions for tobacco cessation for individuals with serious mental illness: (1) academic detailing, which delivers education to primary care providers and highlights first-line pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, and (2) provision of community health worker support to smoker participants. Implementing and scaling this intervention in other settings will require the systematic identification of barriers and facilitators, as well as the identification of relevant subgroups, effective and unique components, and setting-specific factors. Objective: This protocol outlines the proposed mixed methods evaluation of the pragmatic clinical trial to (1) identify barriers and facilitators to effective implementation of the interventions, (2) examine group differences among primary care physicians, and (3) identify barriers that stakeholders such as clinical, payor, and policy leaders would anticipate to impact the implementation of effective components of the intervention. Methods: Qualitative interviews will be conducted with all study community health workers and selected smoker participants, primary care providers, and other stakeholders. Measures of performance and engagement will guide purposive sampling. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research will guide qualitative data collection and analysis in accordance with the following framework approach: (1) familiarization, (2) identifying a thematic framework, (3) indexing, (4) charting, and (5) mapping and interpretation. Joint display analyses will be constructed to analyze and draw conclusions across the quantitative and qualitative data. Results: The 3-year cluster-randomized trial has concluded, and the analysis of primary outcomes is underway. Results from the pragmatic trial and this mixed methods implementation evaluation will be used to help disseminate, scale, and expand a systems intervention. Conclusions: The results of this mixed methods implementation evaluation will inform strategies for dissemination and solutions to potential barriers to the implementation of interventions from a smoking cessation trial for individuals with serious mental illness.
Youth-Led Antiracism Research: Making a Case for Participatory Methods and Creative Strategies in Developmental Science:

In this article, we conceptualize youth-led antiracism research in developmental science. First, we discuss how Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) principles converge with critical race epi...
Phenomena of Perception “Why Do Things Appear as They Do?”

The experimental and theoretical study of perception and of thought processes, in the last analysis, constitute the core of academic psychology. And, as we have noted earlier, gestalt psychology and genetic psychology (especially the French Phase) both are essentially concerned with the nature of cognitive processes in the larger sense. The history of the recent revolution in the psychology of perception (as well as cognition in general), brought about by the Gestalttheorie, has been already written. It was written at first by the leading gestalt psychologists themselves, notably K. Koffka (167) and W. Kohler (173) in America; and by P. Guillaume (1937) and J. Elmgren (1939) in Europe; and it has been written again by the critical historians of psychology, namely E. G. Boring (39) (40) and F. H. Allport (7). This author will refrain from rewriting this famous history here; but, instead, will examine the structure of the gestalt theory of perception from the comparative standpoint. Far less, however, is known about the genetic theory of perception, and its relationship to the gestalt theory. For genetic psychology is interested primarily in the nature of thought processes, and only secondarily in perception; since it investigates perception, not per se, but in order to throw more light upon the ontogeny of thought processes, from the angle of the partial isomorphism that obtains between the two sets of processes. Our objective in the present chapter, then, will be to examine the phenomena of perception in the light of the gestalt theory and the genetic theory, and to determine the relationship between these theories, which are affiliated beyond the level of mere complementarity and corroboration, and hence the full comprehension of the latter necessitates that of the former. Whatever epistemological significance these psychological theories may possess, beyond sundry overt connections, its analysis will be reserved for the philosophical part of this treatise.
Aging, Fitness, and Marathon Times in a 91 Year-old Man Who Competed in 627 Marathons.

Aging is associated with a decline in maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) that may be attenuated by chronic endurance exercise. This case study chronicles the changes in marathon times in a 91 year old man who completed 627 marathons and 117 ultramarathons over 42 years. He began running marathons at age 48. His yearly best times remained fairly constant at ~240 minutes from age 50 - 64 years and then gradually rose to about 260 minutes in his early seventies followed by a curvilinear deterioration as he approached his ninth decade. His times plateaued at ~ 600 minutes in his late eighties. Between ages 68 and 89 his VO2max declined from 43 to 20 ml/kg/min. His marathon times were highly correlated with his VO2max (r(2)=0.87). The decline in marathons times and VO2max may reflect the contributions of biological aging, changes in exercise training volume and intensity, injuries, and comorbid disease.
The G Protein βγ Subunit Transduces the Muscarinic Receptor Signal for Ca2+ Release in Xenopus Oocytes (∗)

Abstract At least 30 G protein-linked receptors stimulate phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase (phospholipase Cβ, PLCβ) through G protein subunits to release intracellular calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum (Clapham, D. E.(1995) Cell 80, 259-268). Although both G [Medline] α and Gβγ G protein subunits have been shown to activate purified PLCβ in vitro, Gαq has been presumed to mediate the pertussis toxin-insensitive response in vivo. In this study, we show that Gβγ plays a dominant role in muscarinic-mediated activation of PLCβ by employing the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Antisense nucleotides and antibodies to Gαq/11 blocked the m3-mediated signal transduction by inhibiting interaction of the muscarinic receptor with the G protein. Agents that specifically bound free Gβγ subunits (Gα-GDP and a β-adrenergic receptor kinase fragment) inhibited acetylcholine-induced signal transduction to PLCβ, and injection of Gβγ subunits into oocytes directly induced release of intracellular Ca2+. We conclude that receptor coupling specificity of the Gαq/Gβγ heterotrimer is determined by Gαq; Gβγ is the predominant signaling molecule activating oocyte PLCβ.
Reactions of Transient Ions

In the three previous chapters, we have considered a variety of reactions involving ions in solution. Under these conditions, the ions are solvated and the corresponding energies of solvation can be very large. Solvation consequently plays a major role in determining the rates of such reactions and it is indeed a matter of some difficulty to dissect the overall effects into contributions by solvation and by the inherent reactivities of the species involved.
Academics as decision makers: what style do they adopt?

Many studies have focused on the decision-making styles (DMS) of managers, but very few have studied the DMS among academicians. Using the Rowe Decision Style Inventory, this study investigates the DMS of the academics in a public university in Malaysia. The objectives are to identify the common styles adopted by the academics and to determine their dominant styles in relation to their gender, age, faculty, qualifications, and years of service. This study employed a quantitative-questionnaire design that was distributed to 163 academics during an in-house training program. Four types of DMS—directive, analytical, conceptual, and behavioural styles—were identified with regard to gender, age, faculty, qualifications, and years of service. The results revealed that while the majority of the respondents have more than one dominant DMS, the conceptual and analytical styles predominate. Additionally, empirical evidence of variations in the types of DMS across demographic characteristics was found. These findings provide important implications for academics in making the most effective decisions within their profession. Keywords: decision-making style, managing education industry, organisational decision-making, malaysian higher education system
Aging: current concepts.

The sections in this article are: 1 Aging at The Population Level 1.1 Life Tables 1.2 Survival Curves 1.3 Maximum Life Span 1.4 Age-Specific Mortality Rates 1.5 Universality of Aging 2 Aging at the Individual Level 3 Concept of Primary Aging Processes 3.1 Classification of Theories of Aging 3.2 Genetic Programs Akin to Development and Morphogenesis 3.3 Homeostatic Failure 3.4 Current Status of the Concept of Primary Aging Processes 4 Evolutionary Biology of Aging 5 Manifestations of Aging Processes 5.1 Age-Associated Disease Processes 5.2 Age-Associated Physiological Changes 6 Summary and Conclusions
Smoking increases risk of pain chronification through shared corticostriatal circuitry

Smoking is associated with increased incidence of chronic pain. However, the evidence is cross-sectional in nature, and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a longitudinal observational study, we examined the relationship between smoking, transition to chronic pain, and brain physiology. In 160 subjects with subacute back pain (SBP: back pain lasting 4–12 weeks, and no prior back pain [BP] for at least 1 year) pain characteristics, smoking status, and brain functional properties were measured repeatedly over 1 year. Sixty-eight completed the study, subdivided into recovering (SBPr, n = 31) and persisting (SBPp, n = 37), based on >20% decrease in BP over the year. Thirty-two chronic back pain (CBP: duration > 5 years) and 35 healthy controls were similarly monitored. Smoking prevalence was higher in SBP and CBP but not related to intensity of BP. In SBP, smoking status at baseline was predictive of persistence of BP 1 year from symptom onset (differentiating SBPp and SBPr with 0.62 accuracy). Smoking status combined with affective properties of pain and medication use improved prediction accuracy (0.82). Mediation analysis indicated the prediction of BP persistence by smoking was largely due to synchrony of fMRI activity between two brain areas (nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex, NAc-mPFC). In SBP or CBP who ceased smoking strength of NAc-mPFC decreased from precessation to postcessation of smoking. We conclude that smoking increases risk of transitioning to CBP, an effect mediated by corticostriatal circuitry involved in addictive behavior and motivated learning. Hum Brain Mapp 36:683–694, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mesopredator foraging success in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.): Relative effects of epiphytes, shoot density, and prey abundance

Abstract In seagrass habitats, structural complexity influences predator foraging success and prey survival by moderating encounter rates and behaviors of predators and prey. Studies of the effects of structural complexity on predator–prey interactions typically vary seagrass shoot density, biomass, or architecture. Filamentous epiphytic algae commonly grow on seagrass blades and add structure to seagrasses, but the effect of epiphytes on the outcome of predator–prey interactions has rarely been explored. This study determined the relative effects of simulated seagrass epiphytes, eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) shoot density, and prey density on the foraging behaviors of a common predator, the juvenile giant kelpfish Heterostichus rostratus (Girard, 1854) and on escape responses of their prey, grass shrimp Hippolyte californiensis (Holmes, 1895). Juvenile giant kelpfish hunted for grass shrimp in a laboratory experiment in which two levels of grass shrimp density were crossed with three levels of structural complexity (low density artificial eelgrass, low density artificial eelgrass with artificial epiphytes, and high density artificial eelgrass). Increased structural complexity had variable effects on juvenile kelpfish activity levels, but enhanced their success at catching prey after detection, resulting in no net effect of structural complexity on the total number of prey captured. Grass shrimp made fewer escape attempts in high vs. low structural complexity, which may have enhanced kelpfish foraging success because kelpfish rarely pursued fleeing prey. Prey density did not influence kelpfish behaviors or the total amount of prey they consumed. These results suggest that it is important to consider how different forms of habitat complexity affect the mechanisms by which predators hunt for prey in structured marine habitats.
Use of triazine dyes as ligands for the large-scale affinity chromatography of a thermostable glycerokinase

Abstract Glycerokinase from the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus was found to have an affinity for several reactive, triazine dyes. The enzyme was found to have a strong affinity for several dyes when the dyes were immobilised on an agarose support matrix. Matrices based on cellulose, or polymers of acrylic acid, were less suitable. The study of the effect of various physicochemical properties is described, including ligand concentration, pH, ionic strength, column dimensions and flow-rate. Glycerokinase could be bound to Procion blue MX-3G-Sepharose at low ionic strength (pH 7.5) and was most readily recovered by substrate elution. This matrix was used to purify to homogeneity the enzyme derived from 1 kg of bacteria, in three steps, with an overall recovery of 44%.
Identification of 315 genes essential for early zebrafish development

We completed a large insertional mutagenesis screen in zebrafish to identify genes essential for embryonic and early larval development. We isolated 525 mutants, representing lesions in ≈390 different genes, and we cloned the majority of these. Here we describe 315 mutants and the corresponding genes. Our data suggest that there are roughly 1,400 embryonic-essential genes in the fish. Thus, we have mutations in ≈25% of these genes and have cloned ≈22% of them. Re-screens of our collection to identify mutants with specific developmental defects suggest that ≈50 genes are essential for the development of some individual organs or cell types. Seventy-two percent of the embryonic-essential fish genes have homologues in yeast, 93% have homologues in invertebrates (fly or worm), and 99% have homologues in human. Yeast and worm orthologues of genes that are essential for early zebrafish development have a strong tendency to be essential for viability in yeast and for embryonic development in the worm. Thus, the trait of being a genetically essential gene is conserved in evolution. This mutant collection should be a valuable resource for diverse studies of cell and developmental biology.
Phenyl thiazyl compounds: Synthesis and electrical conductivity

A series of substituted phenylene-dithio-bis(phenyldithiazyl) (PDBPD) and phenylthiophenyldithiazyl (PTPD) compounds have been synthesized utilizing the facile reaction between N-trimethyl silylimides and aromatic sulfenyl chlorides. The compounds are insulators with conductivities of 10−8–10−12 (Ω cm)−1. However, they can be oxidized with Br2 to conductivities of 10−3–10−5 (Ω cm)−1 for pressed pellets. Electron donating and withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring markedly alter the electrical transport properties. While PTPD compounds are soluble in many solvents, the PDBPD derivatives are only sparingly soluble.
Chromatography of ureas thioureas and related mammalian metabolites

Abstract The literature is abundant with examples of the remarkable versatility of chromatography for the detection and separation of a wide variety of ureas and thioureas. Thin-layer chromatography with its inherent simplicity of operation, rapidity, high degree of sensitivity and resolution (and utility for “pre-cleanup” prior to gas chromatographic analysis) is rapidly replacing paper chromatography. Gas chromatography is becoming more useful as a method for analyzing residues of compounds of pharmaceutical and agricultural interest in plants, soils and animal tissues and fluids. Its ability for the simultaneous determination of several components, such as isomers, homologs and metabolites during a single operation has been amply demonstrated. The utility of gas chromatography will increase with the possibility of decreasing the thermal instability of ureas by the preparation of suitable derivatives such as trimethylsilyl 121 , or possibly acetyl derivatives 193 (successfully utilized for pesticidal carbamates). The desirability of a satisfactory selective system for nitrogen as suggested by C oulson 194 as well as the use of pyrolytic techniques 195,196 (utilized in combination with gas chromatography for the analysis of barbiturates) appears to offer enhanced prospects for the greater utility of gas chromatography to urea and thiourea analysis.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma after Lung Transplantation: Characteristics and Outcomes

Background Lung cancer may occur in the lung transplant population because many patients are former smokers. Not much is known about risk factors and outcomes in these patients. Methods We performed a search of the lung transplant database at our institution to identify patients who had been diagnosed with lung cancer. Records and reports were reviewed for demographics, risk factors for malignancy, lung transplant characteristics, radiographic characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Results We identified 12 lung transplant patients with bronchogenic carcinoma at our institution [age 47.2 ± 13.2 years (mean ± SD); 7 (58%) men and 5 (42%) women]. Eleven patients were transplanted for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Time from transplantation to diagnosis of cancer was 119 (21–416) [mean (range)] weeks. Eleven cancers occurred in the native lung; most common cancer cell types were adenocarcinoma ( N = 5). Incidence among patients with COPD, who received single lung transplantation was 5.15%. Time from diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma to death was 10.8 (1–60) [mean (range)] weeks with a 75% (9/12) 1-year mortality. Conclusions Among our patients, almost all cancers occurred in native lung in ex-smokers who received a lung transplant for COPD. The cancer was often an incidental finding on a routine chest radiograph; however, the disease was usually at an advanced stage at diagnosis, limiting therapeutic options.
Simultaneous monitoring of multiple contrast agents using a hybrid MR-DOT system

Frequency domain diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a recently emerging technique that uses arrays of sources and detectors to obtain spatially dependent optical parameters of tissue. Here, we describe the design of a hybrid MR-DOT system for dynamic imaging cancer. The combined system acquires both MR and optical data simultaneously. The performance of the system is tested with phantom and in-vivo studies. Gd-DTPA and ICG was used for this purpose and the enhancement kinetics of both agents are recorded using the hybrid system.
The Elderly Sick Role: An Experimental Analysis.

This experiment sought to determine whether young people ascribe different sick-role expectations to the elderly than to the middle-aged. The study also examined whether such expectations are a function of age per se or of work status. The experiment was a two × two factorial design employing two levels of age and two levels of work status. Sick-role expectations were elicited by the use of vignettes in which illness characteristics and background information were identical, but age and work status were varied. Results partially support the contention that the young ascribe an elderly sick role. Respondents were more likely to expect an old, rather than a middle-aged man, not to recover. However, respondents were also more likely to expect reduction in role obligations when the man was retired than when he was employed, regardless of age.
Precision determination of the fine-structure interval in the ground state of positronium. IV. Measurement of positronium fine-structure density shifts in noble gases

The fine-structure interval $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$ of ground state ($n=1$) positronium has been measured to high precision, yielding $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=203.3849(12)$ GHz (6 ppm). Comparison with theory is at present limited by uncalculated terms of order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}$. Values for the linear coefficient of the fine-structure density shift, $a\ensuremath{\equiv}(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}})\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}}{\ensuremath{\partial}D}$, have been measured for positronium in nitrogen and the noble gases: $a({\mathrm{N}}_{2})=(\ensuremath{-}3.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), $a(\mathrm{He})=(+1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), $a(\mathrm{Ne})=(\ensuremath{-}1.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), $a(\mathrm{Ar})=(\ensuremath{-}6.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), $|a(\mathrm{Kr})=(\ensuremath{-}6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$(0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), and $a(\mathrm{Xe})=(\ensuremath{-}7.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ ${\mathrm{atm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C). The positronium density shifts differ markedly from those of hydrogen.
Thermal lens technique for sensitive and nonintrusive determination of isotopic purity.

Abstract A new technique in which absorption in the infrared region is sensitively monitored in the visible has been developed. This was accomplished using the visible laser to probe the thermal lens effect induced in a sample as a consequence of its absorption of radiation in the infrared. The sensitivity of the technique is much higher than that of conventional transmission measurements because, in addition to its inherent ultrasensitivity, infrared absorption is monitored in the visible region, which is relatively less noisy, and is detected by a phase-lock-detecting method. The technique is so sensitive that it can be used to determine the isotopic purity of methanol and its 13C and deuterated samples by measuring, not directly the absorption of the C-H group but rather indirectly the absorption of the O-H group. With use of the multivariate calibration method to analyze the data, this technique can be utilized for the nondestructive, noninvasive, and sensitive determination of isotopic impurity in methanol, 13CH3OH, CD3OH, CD2HOH, and CDH2OH at concentrations as low as 10−3%(w/w).
Long-term effectiveness of collaborative depression care in older primary care patients with and without PTSD symptoms.

Objective Depressed patients with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more functionally impaired and may take longer to respond to depression treatment than patients without PTSD. This study examined the long-term effects of PTSD on depression severity, treatment response, and health care costs among older adults. Methods Patients were recruited from 18 primary care clinics in five states. A total of 1801 patients aged 60 years or older with major depression or dysthymia were randomized to Improving Mood Promoting Access to Collaborative Treatment (IMPACT) collaborative care or usual care. The study included 191 (10.6%) subjects who screened positive for PTSD. Depression severity, assessed by the Hopkins Depression Symptom Checklist, was used to estimate depression-free days (DFDs) over 24 months. Total health care costs included inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy costs. Results Depressed patients with PTSD had higher depression severity than patients without PTSD symptoms at baseline. Over 2 years, intervention patients with PTSD symptoms had relatively the same benefits from collaborative care (99 more DFDs than usual care patients) as patients without PTSD (108 more DFDs than usual care) (p = 0.85). Total health care costs did not differ significantly for depressed patients with and without PTSD symptoms. Conclusion Depressed older adults with PTSD symptoms were more depressed at baseline, but collaborative care (compared to usual care) produced similar improvements in depression severity in both groups. This reduction of depression symptoms was observed for up to 12 months after the intervention ended, suggesting that long-term improvements in depression are possible with collaborative care in patients with and without PTSD symptoms. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lumped-Parameter Model to Describe Dynamic Translational Interaction for High-Temperature Superconducting Bearings

This paper discusses a lumped parameter modeling methodology to describe the dynamic vertical and translational force interaction between a bulk superconductor and levitated permanent magnet (PM). The model is formulated to be easily incorporated into larger rigid body system models to aid design of superconducting bearings for flywheel energy storage applications. The proposed modeling technique will significantly reduce the computational expense in order to shorten the design cycle process. The validity of the proposed lumped parameter model is demonstrated by comparing results from finite-element method analysis and measurements of the force displacement interaction between a PM and a bulk high-temperature superconductor.
Nonparametric Analysis of Unbalanced Paired-Comparison or Ranked Data

Abstract Suppose that we have t objects C 1, …, Ct and that Ci and Cj , are judged pairwise in n ij independent comparisons, for i, j = 1, …, t; i ≠ j. In the simplest of such “paired-comparison” designs, all pairs of objects are compared an equal number of times (i.e., all nij = n). Yet it is often impractical to carry out such a “completely balanced” experiment: most observational data and even many planned experiments are highly unbalanced, and some are “incomplete” in that nij = 0 for some pairs (i, j). Most of the available methods for analysis of unbalanced paired-comparison data are parametric, in the sense that a (paired-comparison) linear model generates, for each pair of objects, the “preference probability” π ij with which Ci is preferred to C j . David (1987) proposed a simple nonparametric method of scoring objects from unbalanced paired-comparison data that takes into account differences in the strength of the opposition encountered by each object as well as possible differences in the {nij ...
Self-organized Vortex State in Two-Dimensional Dictyostelium Dynamics

We present results of experiments on the dynamics of Dictyostelium discoideum in a novel setup which constrains cell motion to a plane. After aggregation, the amoebae collect into round ``pancake'' structures in which the cells rotate around the center of the pancake. To provide a mechanism for the self-organization of the Dictyostelium cells, we have developed a new model of the dynamics of self-propelled deformable objects. In this model, we show that cohesive energy between the cells, together with a coupling between the self-generated propulsive force and the cell's configuration, produces a self-organized vortex state. The mechanism for self-organization reported here can possibly explain similar vortex states in other biological systems.
Towards a theory of yes-no voting

The formal theory of majority-rule voting has dealt almost entirely with the unique selection of a single candidate(s) or motion(s) from a set of alternatives greater than two. The analysis presumes that there is only a single group or collective decision to be made, a single 'election,' or a single 'proposition.' This orthodox conceptual setting for collective choice is necessary to generate the possibility of the cyclically-rotating, and hence disequilibrium, set of outcomes on the one hand and for the median-voter dominated equilibrium outcome on the other. If the number of alternatives in the choice set is limited to two, simple majority rule voting yields unambiguous results provided only that we assume an odd number of voters with each voter assumed to have strictly ordered preferences. In the orthodox voting-model setting, few problems of analytical interest seem to arise in the single pairwise choice between two alternatives, for example, between approval and disapproval of a proposition. When the voting population is presented with a whole set of independent propositions, however, each one of which is to be resolved by simple 'yes-no,' 'up-down,' or 'approve-disapprove' majority voting, questions of considerable analytical interest do arise. To our knowledge no one has discussed or investigated the analogues and contrasts between yes-no voting and the conventional, multi-alternative, majority-rule voting. The relative neglect of the properties of yes-no voting under majority rule is itself puzzling since many real-world collective choice institutions formally operate in this way. Examples that come to mind include zoning boards, referenda and initiatives; in several states judges are re-elected on a yes-no basis.
Dignity Therapy: Advancing the Science of Spiritual Care in Terminal Illness

In this issue of theJournalofClinicalOncology, Chochinov et al 1 make a major contribution to advancing care for the terminally ill through their study “Dignity Therapy: A Novel Psychotherapeutic Intervention for Patients Near the End of Life.” This international study, testing a novel intervention to address dignity and meaning in the final days of life, was conducted in Canada and Australia; however, it has significance for other countries attempting to address this highly neglected aspect of health care. The investigators have advanced an area of palliative care that has been cited in recent years by groups such as the WHO, Institute of Medicine, National Cancer Institute, and others as being in serious need of improvement. Many clinicians and institutions have struggled to advance the most basic aspects of care in advanced disease, such as improvements in the treatment of pain and symptoms or treatment of common psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. These investigators, however, have advanced an aspect of terminal care that is perhaps far more challenging than titrating doses of opioids. “Dignity therapy,” which addresses psychosocial and existential distress, is of great importance and shows promise as a novel intervention to diminished suffering and distress in end-of-life care. Several characteristics of this intervention are noteworthy.
Denaturation map of the ribosomal DNA of Xenopus laevis.

Abstract A denaturation map of the ribosomal DNA of Xenopus laevis has been constructed. A denaturation pattern repeats every 5.4 ± 0.4 μ within this DNA. By comparing the contour length of these repeats with the lengths of intact bacteriophage T7 DNA molecules of known molecular weight, the repeating unit in ribosomal DNA has been calculated to be 8.7 ± 0.6 × 106 daltons. Within each repeating unit there is a region of about 5.0 × 106 daltons which denatures under conditions where the remaining part of the repeat (about 3.7 × 106 daltons) remains essentially native. The highly denatured region coincides in molecular weight to the gene which codes for the 40 s RNA precursor molecule. The region which remains native is presumed to comprise the “spacer” sequences of ribosomal DNA which are known to have a higher G + C content than the DNA which codes for the 40 s RNA. Symmetrically placed within the presumed 40 s gene region are three DNA sequences which remain native even under conditions which have largely denatured the DNA within the spacer region. The ribosomal DNA repeats are homogeneous. The mean repeat lengths within every molecule tested do not differ by statistical test, and the average length of all repeats measured has a standard deviation only 1.6 times larger than that found in the lengths of homogeneous T7 phage DNA molecules. The distribution of native and denatured regions is similar in all repeats. Amplified and chromosomal ribosomal DNA are indistinguishable with respect to length, denaturation pattern and arrangement of repeats. These and earlier studies are consistent with the hypothesis that the ribosomal DNA chromosomal locus consists of several hundred identical or nearly identical genes in a tandem repeating arrangement.
Gender differences in distributive justice: The role of self-presentation revisited

Kidder, Bellettirie, and Cohn's [(1977) “Secret Ambitions and Public Performances: The Effects of Anonymity on Reward Allocations Made by Men and Women,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 13, pp. 70–80] self-presentational account of gender differences in distributive justice was examined. Men and women attending two, primarily white, northeastern universities distributed a jointly earned reward between themselves and a hypothetical co-worker who was either a stranger or a friend and whose inferior task performance resulted from either low ability or low effort. Subjects made their allocations under both public and private conditions. Men allocated more equitably (i.e., according to co-worker input) in public than women did, whereas women allocated more equitably in private than men did, only when working with strangers who exerted low effort. In addition, among female subjects, private allocations to low-effort strangers were more equitable than public allocations. Among male subjects, however, public allocations to low-effort strangers were more equitable than private allocations. The conditions under which men make equitable allocations and women make equal allocations, and possible reasons for these differences, are discussed.
Identification and characterization of Golgi equivalents fromAllomyces macrogynus

Golgi equivalents similar to those described in other fungi were identified in freeze substituted hyphae ofAllomyces macrogynus. These Golgi equivalents were composed of individual or a few loosely associated cisternae, were surrounded by vesicles, and were in a zone relatively free of ribosomes. Certain smooth cisternae in both vegetative hyphae and gametangia stained positively for the Golgi marker enzyme thiamine pyrophosphatase. Subcellular fractionation and biochemical analysis of vegetative hyphae and gametangia revealed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membrane fractions with average buoyant densities of 1.09 and 1.15 g/cm3, respectively. Enriched membranes obtained by differential centrifugation were further purified by ultracentrifugation on sucrose step gradients to obtain a presumptive Goldi fraction. Gel electrophoresis of both crude homogenates and fractions prepared by differential centrifugation demonstrated stage-specific glycoproteins that bind the lectin concanavalin A. The results demonstrated thatA. macrogynus has a Golgi complex composed of structurally simple Golgi equivalents and that these Golgi equivalents have physiological functions, such as glycoprotein processing, typically associated with stacked Golgi cisternae from other organisms.
Teacher Perceptions of the Classroom Behavior of Reflective and Impulsive Children.

Four second-grade teachers completed the Classroom Behavior Inventory for every student in their class (N = 101). Subjects were classified as either reflective (N = 32) or impulsive (N = 32) by using the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF). Teachers rated impulsive boys as less task-oriented and considerate than reflective children of either sex. On the other hand, impulsive girls and reflectives were rated comparably on these scales. Although impulsive girls were rated as more distractible than reflective girls, boys were perceived as more distractible than girls regardless of style. Differences were not observed among the four groups in teacher ratings of hostility, extraversion or introversion. Thus, the conceptual style of boys was found to influence teacher perceptions of their classroom behaviors, but that of girls had little effect on the way they were rated on the same behaviors.
Model for Elastic Modulus of Multi-Constituent Particulate Composites

In this paper, a methodology has been developed to accurately predict the elastic properties of multi-constituent particulate composites by accounting for irreversible effects, such as energy loss that arises due to internal friction. The complex dependence on loading density and particle properties (i.e., size, shape, morphology, etc.) is investigated in terms of their effects on the effective elastic modulus of the composite. Confirmed by experimental data from the compression loading of individual Ni and Al particles dispersed in an epoxy matrix, it is believed that this approach captures the effects of internal friction, consequently providing a more accurate and comprehensive representation for predicting and understanding the material behavior of multi-constituent particulate reinforced composites. The present methodology provides a model to directly compare the elastic modulus from an uncomplicated test, such as dual-cantilever beam loading in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), to the modulus obtained by other more complex experimental methods such as quasi-static compression. The model illustrates an efficient method to incorporate input data from DMA to represent realistic elastic moduli, hence promising for the characterization and design of particulate composites.
Laser-induced fluorescence study of laser sputtering of graphite

Abstract Pulsed laser irradiation of graphite surfaces has been known for some time to lead to the ejection of C, C2, and C3 neutrals as well as related ions. Since most relevant thermodynamic quantities are known, graphite represents an ideal system for further study. We report on the sputtering of pyrolytic, polycrystalline, and vitreous graphite by 20 ns pulses of laser light at 351 nm. The threshold energy density for sputtering is found to be 0.5 to 0.6 J/cm2. At this fluence, the material removal rate is of the order of a monolayer/pulse. This is consistent with pulsed evaporation provided that the surface reaches a peak temperature of ~ 4000 K. The emitted particles are probed using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Kinetic (i.e. translational) energies are obtained by time-of-flight and correspond, for the lowest fluences, to ~ 4600 K. Rotational and vibrational distributions are obtained by analysis of the LIF spectra for the D1Σu+X1Σg+ Mulliken bands of the dimer, C2. Detailed analysis indicates a rotational temperature of 4100 ± 300 K and a vibrational temperature of 3650 ± 350 K. Since the temperatures are all similar at the lowest it is concluded that the laser sputtering of graphite involves thermally activated vaporization, i.e. is what is normally termed “thermal sputtering”. At higher fluences, the time-of-flight information appears to be significantly perturbed by Knudsen layer formation.
A Fundamental Force Governing Protein Self-Assembly in Membranes

Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the nature of a proposed phenomenon that governs self-assembly of inclusions within a lipid bilayer, inspired by the statistical mechanics of the hydrophobic effect. We study the nature of this effect on membrane inclusions of various chemistries and sizes. We identify the range of hydrophobic thicknesses over which this phenomenon occurs and characterize the effects of the proposed phenomenon on small inclusions such as cholesterol versus larger, multidomain transmembrane proteins. Our results show that this effect can provide a force for assembly and reorganization in a lipid bilayer based on the in-plane size and hydrophobic thickness of the inclusion, and the melting temperature of the surrounding lipids. We propose that this effect provides a physical framework that can explain lipid raft formation.
Activity of iodotyrosine deshalogenase in "normal" and diseased human thyroids.

ABSTRACT Iodotyrosine deshalogenase assays were performed on 40 surgical specimens from 39 human thyroid glands. Histologically normal thyroid tissue from 8 patients with thyroid cancer served as “normal” controls. The iodotyrosine deshalogenase activity of thyroid tissue from 10 patients with colloid adenomatous goiter and 5 patients with Hashimoto's struma was within the range of activity found in “normal” thyroid tissue. Iodotyrosine deshalogenase activity was significantly lower (P <0.02) than “normal” in the thyroid glands of 2 patients with nonspecific thyroiditis. A clearcut difference from “normal” activity (was not found in the thyroid glands of 8 thyrotoxic patients rendered euthyroid with propjdthiouracil and Lugol's solution. The Michaelis-Menten constant for iodotyrosine deshalogenase in the thyroids of these thyrotoxic patients did not differ significantly from “normal” (2.3×10−5 Mand 1.8×10−5 M, respectively). The mean iodotyrosine deshalogenase activity in carcinomatous tissue from the thy...
A Probabilistic Batch Size Model for Perishable Products

A batch size model developed for the therapeutic product problem has been instrumental in assisting the staff of a large general hospital to resolve problems associated with the transactional process of the preparation of intravenous medications for administration. The model is a variation of a basic profit maximisation model and is characterised by variable batch preparation cost, a variable planning period, fixed per unit base cost, and zero shortage costs since preparation of a new batch can take place without delay. The variable planning period is transformed into a fixed planning horizon which is at least several multiples of the planning period and is fixed. Development of the model is presented and illustrated with a hypothetical situation, followed by a real case — the determination of the optimal batch size for the intravenous drug, Cefazolin.
The preoperative and postoperative assessment and care of patients with back pain

Appropriate perioperative assessment and care are key to successful outcomes after lumbar spine surgery. They are essential for imbuing a sense of confidence in the patient and minimizing unexpected sequelae. Complications during surgery and inappropriate postoperative rehabilitation may be responsible for the development of the evolving ‘‘failed back surgery syndrome.’’ These factors alone, however, do not explain satisfactorily the significant number of operated patients who suffer ongoing back problems that reduce their quality of life and working ability, resulting in significant compromise. It, therefore, is crucial to identify potential risk factors before the surgery that may lead to chronic disabling back pain [1]. Given the proliferation of minimally invasive procedures and health care pressures for shorter hospital stays, lumbar surgical procedures often are performed in an outpatient setting. This, however, does not obviate appropriate perioperative care. Pain is the common presenting symptom for most musculoskeletal conditions [2]; in spinal surgery for back pain, it is one of the most important determinants in decision making. After 1 month of back symptoms, approximately 15% of patients have a definable disease or injury. This percentage usually is lower in the first few days of a back pain episode, whereas for those who have pain after 3 months, it usually is higher [3–5]. Studies of primary care patients who have back pain [6,7] indicate that at approximately 4 weeks, 4% to 5% of patients who have low back pain and leg pain have spinal stenosis, 4% to 5% have disc hernia, 4% have compression