cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Single Event Transients Generated by Short Pulsed X-Rays, Lasers and Heavy Ions

We report an experimental study of the transients generated by pulsed x-rays, heavy ions, and different laser wavelengths in a Si p-i-n photodiode. We compare the charge collected by all of the excitation methods to determine the equivalent LET for pulsed x-rays relative to heavy ions. Our comparisons show that pulsed x-rays from synchrotron sources can generate a large range of equivalent LET and generate transients similar to those excited by laser pulses and heavy ion strikes. We also look at how the pulse width of the transients changes for the different excitation methods. We show that the charge collected with pulsed x-rays is greater than expected as the x-ray photon energy increases. Combined with their capability of focusing to small spot sizes and of penetrating metallization, pulsed x-rays are a promising new tool for high resolution screening of SEE susceptibility.
Day-to-Day Energy Expenditure Variability in Low Birth Weight Neonates

ABSTRACT: We estimated the metabolic rate of 13 low birth weight infants over a 9-day period, using indirect calorimetry in conjunction with serial measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and total urinary nitrogen excretion. The mean percent error for oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production measurements (determined by alcohol combustion experiments) assignable to the open-circuit system was 0.4 and 3.8%, respectively. Error in the total urinary nitrogen excretion measurement was <1% by the Kjeldahl technique. In the clinical setting, however, the range of deviation of measured oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and total urinary nitrogen excretion was ±12, 12, and 15% of the mean value respectively for an individual patient under standardized controlled conditions. The variability of metabolic rate between infants may be as much as 76%. Factors that had a small effect on metabolic rate were difficult to detect because of the variability inherent in the short-term measurement of metabolic rate. It was virtually impossible to control the sources of variation in the resting metabolism of low birth weight neonates over extended experimental periods. Day-to-day variations in resting energy expenditure may explain, in part, the widely different growth rates of premature infants receiving similar caloric intakes.
Children's concepts of the family.

The past decade has witnessed increased research emphasis on children's developing conceptions of their social environment. In the present study, 64 children in grades 1 through 6 were interviewed to examine age-related changes in their understanding of the concept of family. The study also explored whether children's developing conceptions of the family were mediated by their own family structures. Results indicated five levels of family concept understanding that reflected a growing (i.e., age-related) facility in children's application of kinship criteria across traditional and nontraditional family groupings. However, the sophistication of children's understanding of the family was not related to the structure of their own families. These findings suggest that children's level of cognitive development is more important for their comprehension of the family than the specific experiences derived from living within their own unique family. Implications of these findings for mental health professionals who work with families in transition are discussed.
Effector CD4+ T-Cell Involvement in Clearance of Infectious Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 from Sensory Ganglia and Spinal Cords

In primary infection, CD8 + T cells are important for clearance of infectious herpes simplex virus (HSV) from sensory ganglia. In this study, evidence of CD4 + T-cell-mediated clearance of infectious HSV type 1 (HSV-1) from neural tissues was also detected. In immunocompetent mice, HSV-specific CD4 + T cells were present in sensory ganglia and spinal cords coincident with HSV-1 clearance from these sites and remained detectable at least 8 months postinfection. Neural CD4 + T cells isolated at the peak of neural infection secreted gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-2 (IL-2), or IL-4 after stimulation with HSV antigen. HSV-1 titers in neural tissues were greatly reduced over time in CD8 + T-cell-deficient and CD8 + T-cell-depleted mice, suggesting that CD4 + T cells could mediate clearance of HSV-1 from neural tissue. To examine possible mechanisms by which CD4 + T cells resolved neural infection, CD8 + T cells were depleted from perforin-deficient or FasL-defective mice. Clearance of infectious virus from neural tissues was not significantly different in perforin-deficient or FasL-defective mice compared to wild-type mice. Further, in spinal cords and brains after vaginal HSV-1 challenge of chimeric mice expressing both perforin and Fas or neither perforin nor Fas, virus titers were significantly lower than in control mice. Thus, perforin and Fas were not required for clearance of infectious virus from neural tissues. These results suggest that HSV-specific CD4 + T cells are one component of a long-term immune cell presence in neural tissues following genital HSV-1 infection and play a role in clearance of infectious HSV-1 at neural sites, possibly via a nonlytic mechanism.
The newest member of the VEGF family.

In this issue of Blood , Singh et al establish the existence of a new soluble isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (sVEGFR-3), which is synthesized and secreted by corneal epithelial cells; they show that sVEGFR-3 modulates lymphangiogenesis by impounding vascular endothelial
Studies on the bradycardia induced by (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol in anesthetized dogs

Abstract (−)-Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) (39 μg-5 mg/kg, i.v.) decreased heart rate in a dose related manner in dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. This cardiac effect of Δ9-THC was neither due to an impairment of transmission across the sympathetic ganglia nor to a specific stimulation of parasympathetic ganglia. Selective blockade of either parasympathetic (atropine, bilateral vagotomy) or sympathetic (propranolol, spinal section at C2C4 neurogenic activity to the heart partially prevented the negative chronotropic effect of Δ9-THC. However the bradycardic effect of Δ9-THC was completely abolished in animals in which the autonomic pathways to the heart were pharmacologically or surgically inactivated. Administration of Δ9-THC into the vascularly isolated, neurally intact cross-perfused head of dogs significantly slowed the heart rate in intact as well as debuffered recipients. This bradycardia was reduced in recipients in which the trunk was atropinized prior to cerebral administration of Δ9-THC into the femoral vein of the recipient in the dog cross circulation preparation also caused a significant decrease in heart rate which was essentially abolished either by bilateral vagotomy or by atropinization of the recipients. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that the negative chronotropic effects of Δ9-THC in dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia is of central origin and involves both a direct and reflexogenic alteration of central autonomic outflow regulating the heart rate.
A simple differentiator for the conversion of a standard spectrophotometer into a coagulometer and its application for the quantitation of venom procoagulants

Abstract The use of plasma clotting times for diagnostic purposes in clinical chemistry is routine, and a variety of instruments have been designed to make these determinations (1–7). Most of these make use of the change in the apparent absorbance of visible light due to increased scattering, or of the increased conductance as the clot forms, and some type of differentiator circuitry to aid determination of the endpoint. Many venoms contain components which have either pro- or anticoagulant activities. Clotting-time techniques are useful for following the isolation of these venom components as well as the completion of their characterization (8–10). In this communication we describe a simple differentiator which allows a recording spectrophotometer to be used more accurately for clotting-time determinations with low procoagulant concentrations. In addition, the concentrations of specific venoms and venom procoagulant fractions are shown to be linearly related to the reciprocals of the clotting times induced by these materials.
Novel isotopic N,N-Dimethyl Leucine (iDiLeu) Reagents Enable Absolute Quantification of Peptides and Proteins Using a Standard Curve Approach

Absolute quantification of protein targets using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a key component of candidate biomarker validation. One popular method combines multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using a triple quadrupole instrument with stable isotope-labeled standards (SIS) for absolute quantification (AQUA). LC-MRM AQUA assays are sensitive and specific, but they are also expensive because of the cost of synthesizing stable isotope peptide standards. While the chemical modification approach using mass differential tags for relative and absolute quantification (mTRAQ) represents a more economical approach when quantifying large numbers of peptides, these reagents are costly and still suffer from lower throughput because only two concentration values per peptide can be obtained in a single LC-MS run. Here, we have developed and applied a set of five novel mass difference reagents, isotopic N,N-dimethyl leucine (iDiLeu). These labels contain an amine reactive group, triazine ester, are cost effective because of their synthetic simplicity, and have increased throughput compared with previous LC-MS quantification methods by allowing construction of a four-point standard curve in one run. iDiLeu-labeled peptides show remarkably similar retention time shifts, slightly lower energy thresholds for higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) fragmentation, and high quantification accuracy for trypsin-digested protein samples (median errors <15%). By spiking in an iDiLeu-labeled neuropeptide, allatostatin, into mouse urine matrix, two quantification methods are validated. The first uses one labeled peptide as an internal standard to normalize labeled peptide peak areas across runs (<19% error), whereas the second enables standard curve creation and analyte quantification in one run (<8% error).
Age-Related Concomitants of Obtaining Mental Health Care in Adulthood

Objective: To examine the associations between predisposing and need factors and receipt of mental health care and to examine age as a moderator of these associations. Methods: Participants (N=521) were surveyed as part of a larger study on health and adaptation. Results: Obtaining mental health care was predicted by more reliance on approach coping, and more depressive and medical symptoms. Interactions of age x depres
Fathering and Faltering: “Sorry, but You Don't Have the Necessary Accoutrements”:

The institution of the family is changing in complex and inscrutable ways. Ideally, it continues as a space of intimacy, love, and morality within which young children may find care and nurturing. This mythic conception of the institution belies the complex gendered realities of parenting. This paper focuses on the institution of fatherhood and the work of fathering. Much of our understanding of what it is to be a father hinges on an ‘idea’ that does not embrace the ‘fact’ of fathering as a daily emotional practice that is negotiated, contested and resisted differently in different spaces. Our enduring myths of social reproduction do not seem to support forms of masculinity that encompass a sense of self that is nurturing and domestically orientated. The paper derives from a series of discussions with new fathers and mothers in San Diego, California. I focus explicitly on constructions of fatherhood and the work of fathering with a focus on fathers who called themselves ‘househusbands’ and ‘Mr Moms’. Alth...
Diagnosing Rhinitis during Pregnancy

Chronic rhinitis is a common medical condition to affect pregnant women. Uncontrolled rhinitis during pregnancy may have a significant adverse effect on quality of life and may have an effect on coexisting asthma. This article reviews the most common causes of rhinitis to occur during pregnancy as well as treatment options for pregnant women.
One/Many Problems: Philebus 14c1‐15c3

The Philebus as a whole returns to inquiry on a scale familiar from the Republic: it represents a discussion about what makes our life good, with studies of the claims of pleasure and knowledge to play a key role. For Plato this is inextricably connected with work in metaphysics. Thus, the initial discussion of pleasure finds the progress of Socrates and Protarchus blocked by disagreement over whether there really are different kinds of pleasure. This leads Socrates to announce that they have to deal with the wonderful saying that the many are one and the one many (14cl-10). Protarchus and Socrates each produce a sensible illustration presenting a one/many problem, both of which are dismissed by Socrates as being childish and no longer worth handling. He then unveils the problem in which he is interested.' And we can immediately see why this question will be an important one for Plato: its introduction of a controversy affecting entities RIi Tiv yiyvo[1vwv TE xcti toXXVU[VWV ("not among the things that come into being and are destroyed," 15al-2) indicates that the passage has to do with further developments in the theory of the objects he considers fundamental. Indeed, in light of the circumstance that the apparent theme question of the Philebus is not actually asked directly in the course of the dialogue (but only recalled), we might consider taking 15b as the locus of the real theme question.2 Unhappily, interpreters have had as little success at identifying the problem expressed in 15b as Protarchus did with 14c: it seems that there is actually a one/many problem about the One/Many Problem! Put broadly, the problems in understanding our passage are these: it is difficult to attach any sense to the question that appears to be posed in lines 15b2-4, and the straightforward bits, 15bl-2 and 15b4-8, fail to satisfy our expectation that this speech connects with the concerns of the surrounding discussion. (14c7 indicates that the problem has come up during the preliminary discussion of
Mapping of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene to pig chromosome 15

The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) was mapped in the pig for study as a potential candidate gene in controlling pig resistance to Salmonella infection. Primers were designed from the pig cDNA to amplify a 1.6 kb fragment between exons 1 and 3. By using a pig-rodent somatic cell hybrid panel, NRAMP1 was mapped to pig chromosome 15 (SSC15) with 100% probability, and the regional assignment was SSC15q23-26 with 87% concordance. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) marker was developed by using the HinfI enzyme and three alleles were identified from a population including 11 breeds. Linkage analysis confirmed the physical assignment by using the PiGMaP reference families. Pig NRAMP1 was linked to SSC15 markers S0088, S0149 and S0284 (LOD > 3). A small population study revealed large allele frequency differences among tested breeds. An A allele is only observed in dam (white) lines whereas a similar exclusivity of the C allele was seen in sire (colored) breeds.
Targeting the expression of integrin receptors in tumors

Expression of integrin αvβ3 is upregulated in a number of cancers including colon, pancreas, lung and breast. Additionally, αvβ3 integrin expression has been linked to tumor metastasis and targeting this cell surface protein could provide a viable approach to image and evaluate the metastatic potential of tumors. Accordingly, we evaluated the selective retention of some near infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes in nude mice bearing A549 lung cancer xenograft that express αvβ3 integrin. Our preliminary results indicate that a novel NIR probe designed to target this integrin selectively accumulated in A549 tumor while other non-integrin specific probes were not retained in the tumor. Blocking studies show that tumor uptake of the probe is mediated by αvβ3 integrin receptor.
Cerebral Specialization, Writing Posture, and Motor Control of Writing in Left-Handers

It has been suggested that the inverted hand position of left-handers during writing indicates the left hemisphere of their brain is linguistically specialized and that the writing of these left-handers may be controlled via ipsilateral pathways. Electroencephalograph alpha asymmetry measures at central and parietal leads, as well as dichotic tests, differentiated right-handers from left-handers, but not inverters from noninverters. Electroencephalograph differences between hand posture groups did appear, but only at occipital leads during reading and writing tasks. Regardless of hand posture or speech lateralization, the right central region of the brain is significantly involved in the control of left-handed writing.
Resolution of hyaluronidase and ribonuclease activities.

TESTICULAR hyaluronidase has frequently been used for the analysis of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate despite the known gross inhomogeneity of the enzyme preparation1,2. Known contaminants include acid phosphatase, esterase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, glucosidases and N-acetylglucosaminidases3. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of contamination of hyaluronidase with ribonuclease.
TiO x memristors with variable turn-on voltage using field-effect for non-volatile memory

This work demonstrates the first use of field-effect based memristors that exhibit variable turn-on voltage. Turn-on voltage as low as 4V is achieved in this work and the switching characteristics is reproducible. The novelty of this work compared to earlier work based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure is in introducing an auxiliary electrode to the MIM structure that produces variation in the turn-on voltage of the device through field effect. A gate bias of ±2V varies the drain-source turn-on voltage by ±2V around the turn-on voltage at zero gate bias. The simplicity in the device structure can allow easy integration to form an array of these devices to constitute a memory module. The leakage current in the off state is less than 10pA, which would enable low power operation and long hours of data storage.
Optimal Constraint-Preserving Netlist Simplification

We consider the problem of optimal netlist simplification in the presence of constraints. Because constraints restrict the reachable states of a netlist, they may enhance logic minimization techniques such as redundant gate elimination which generally benefit from unreachability invariants. However, optimizing the logic appearing in a constraint definition may weaken its state-restriction capability, hence prior solutions have resorted to suboptimally neglecting certain valid optimization opportunities. We develop the theoretical foundation, and corresponding efficient implementation, to enable the optimal simplification of netlists with constraints. Experiments confirm that our techniques enable a significantly greater degree of redundant gate elimination than prior approaches (often greater than 2x), which has been key to the automated solution of various difficult verification problems.
Differentiating word learning processes may yield new insights – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's ‘Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children’

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The original publication is available at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7930828&fulltextType=AC&fileId=S0305000910000486
Privateering, Piracy and British Policy in Spanish America, 1810–1830

The most active phase of Atlantic privateering and piracy was the early nineteenth century. This period of private maritime predation however has received less scholarly attention than the more gla...
NOISEMINER: An algorithm for scalable automatic computational noise and software interference detection

This paper describes a new scalable stream mining algorithm called NOISEMINER that analyzes parallel application traces to detect computational noise, operating system interference, software interference, or other irregularities in a parallel application's performance. The algorithm detects these occurrences of noise during real application runs, whereas standard techniques for detecting noise use carefully crafted test programs to detect the problems. This paper concludes by showing the output of NOISEMINER for a real-world case in which 6 ms delays, caused by a bug in an MPI implementation, significantly limited the performance of a molecular dynamics code on a new supercomputer.
Finding Small Holes

Numerous applications call for the detection of small topological features in various spaces; examples include simplification of surfaces reconstructed from point clouds, efficient algorithms for graphs embedded on surfaces, coverage analysis for ad-hoc/sensor networks, and topological analysis of high-dimensional data. This talk is a survey algorithms for one of the simplest problems of this type: finding the shortest cycle in a given topological space that cannot be continuously contracted to a point. Spaces of interest include polygons with holes, combinatorial surfaces, piecewise-linear 2-manifolds, Rips-Vietoris complexes, and general simplicial complexes. Almost no optimal algorithms are known, even in settings where the problem has a straightforward polynomial-time solution; consequently, the talk will include several open problems. No prior knowledge of topology will be assumed.
The immunology of Leishmania infection and the implications for vaccine development.

Leishmania parasites are vector-borne protozoal pathogens found in tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old and New World. These parasites can cause visceral or cutaneous disease, and the pathology of the infection is determined by both host immune factors and species/strain differences of the parasite. Dogs are an important reservoir for maintaining the population of Leishmania parasites that can lead to visceral leishmaniasis in humans, and a vaccination approach may be an effective method for reducing the numbers of infected dogs. Resistance to leishmaniasis has been consistently associated with a T helper 1 immune response, characterized by the production of IFN-gamma by the antigen-specific lymphocyte population. The development of this Th1 response has been shown to be dependent upon both cytokines and dendritic cells during T cell activation. However, the development of a Leishmania vaccine effective in preventing these chronic diseases has proven to be a challenge. Vaccine trials have focused on whole-killed or subunit vaccines with adjuvants. Newer experimental strategies involve the attenuation of the Leishmania parasite via gene deletion technologies or the expression of specific Leishmania peptides within attenuated organisms, such as Bacillus Calmette Guerin. DNA vaccines and dendritic cell potentiators, such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Flt-3 ligand, are also in the early stage of development. In addition, as part of blocking the transmission cycle of leishmaniasis, several laboratories are also exploring the possibility of immunomodulating the host toward the bite of the sand fly.
Phase-response curves and synchronized neural networks

We review the principal assumptions underlying the application of phase-response curves (PRCs) to synchronization in neuronal networks. The PRC measures how much a given synaptic input perturbs spike timing in a neural oscillator. Among other applications, PRCs make explicit predictions about whether a given network of interconnected neurons will synchronize, as is often observed in cortical structures. Regarding the assumptions of the PRC theory, we conclude: (i) The assumption of noise-tolerant cellular oscillations at or near the network frequency holds in some but not all cases. (ii) Reduced models for PRC-based analysis can be formally related to more realistic models. (iii) Spike-rate adaptation limits PRC-based analysis but does not invalidate it. (iv) The dependence of PRCs on synaptic location emphasizes the importance of improving methods of synaptic stimulation. (v) New methods can distinguish between oscillations that derive from mutual connections and those arising from common drive. (vi) It is helpful to assume linear summation of effects of synaptic inputs; experiments with trains of inputs call this assumption into question. (vii) Relatively subtle changes in network structure can invalidate PRC-based predictions. (viii) Heterogeneity in the preferred frequencies of component neurons does not invalidate PRC analysis, but can annihilate synchronous activity.
To Understand Cardiac Surgical Report Cards Look Both Ways

The aphorism attributed to Sir Winston Churchill, “the longer back you look, the further forward you can see,” would seem quite apt to place in perspective the importance of the article by Shahian and colleagues that is published in this week’s issue of Circulation .1 These investigators provide a comprehensive side-by-side comparison of risk-adjusted coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) mortality rates ascertained from validated core clinical variables with CABG mortality rates risk-adjusted from administrative data compiled primarily for billing purposes. The importance of this comparison of in-hospital and 30-day mortality for “isolated CABG” springs from its intended use as a report card to grade the quality of individual hospitals in the performance of cardiac surgery. Their report finds the same limitations and inaccuracies in estimates of mortality rates that use administrative data as had been reported in large and careful studies done 15 years earlier by Hannan,2 Jollis,3 and others. Unquestionably, this article should serve as a wake-up call for the entire cardiology community to realize just how important an issue lies on the doorstep. Article p 1518 First, these investigators were responding to a mandate of the Massachusetts legislature that data on all cardiac surgical procedures be collected in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Adult Cardiac Database, which commenced in 2002. It was further directed that these data be submitted to the Massachusetts Data Analysis Center (Mass-DAC) based in the Department of Healthcare Policy at Harvard Medical School. There, under the direction of Dr Sharon-Lise T. Normand, the data would be validated and subjected to internal and external audit. The subsequent risk-adjusted mortality rates for “isolated CABG” performed at the 14 Massachusetts hospitals authorized to perform adult cardiac surgery would then be used to evaluate each hospital’s performance. Although this was done largely to provide …
Mode of Physical Activity and Self-Efficacy in Older Adults: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis

A randomized controlled trial examined the effect of two physical activity modes on changes in self-efficacy over the course of a 12-month period in older, formerly sedentary adults (N = / 74, M age = 65.5 years). Participants were randomized into either an aerobic activity group or a stretching and toning group. Structural equation modeling was employed to conduct multiple sample latent growth curve analyses of individual growth in exercise and physical self-efficacy over time. Results revealed a curvilinear growth pattern for both types of efficacy with increases occuring over the first 6 months followed by declines at the 6-month follow-up. There was a significant treatment by mean level growth interaction for exercise efficacy with both groups increasing over time, but the aerobic group evidenced a twofold increase in growth over the stretching group. Structural analyses indicated that frequency of exercise participation was a significant predictor of overall growth in efficacy, and improvements in fitness were only related to exercise efficacy growth in the stretching group. Findings are discussed in terms of social cognitive theory and further application of latent growth curve modeling to studies of physical activity effects in older adults.
Patterns of motor impairement in normal aging, mild cognitive decline, and early Alzheimer's disease

In order to determine the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and motor behavior in older adults, 41 cognitively normal elderly (NL), 25 cases exhibiting mild cognitive impairment (MI), and 25 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) were examined using a broad array to motor/psychomotor and cognitive tests. Relative to the NL group, MI individuals (at risk for future decline to AD) performed worse on tasks involving fine and complex motor function (e.g., tracking and manual dexterity). AD patients also exhibited motor dysfunction on tasks assessing relatively more rudimentary motor control. Motor tasks were able to distinguish NL vs MI and NL vs mild AD individuals as effectively as cognitive tests of memory and language. These results indicate that motor impairment is an important aspect of cognitive decline in older adults. Motor/psychomotor assessments may be comparably sensitive to traditional tests of cognitive function in identifying persons affected by the earliest stages of AD pathology.
Existence status of some previously open abelian difference sets

We theoretically establish the existence status of some previously open abelian difference sets. More precisely, we show the nonexistence of all the following difference sets: (841,120,17) in Z"2"9xZ"2"9, (364,121,40) in Z"2xZ"2xZ"7xZ"1"3, (837,133,21) in Z"3xZ"3xZ"3xZ"3"1,Z"3xZ"9xZ"3"1 and Z"8"3"7.
Hierarchical identity based cryptography for end-to-end security in DTNs

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) arise whenever traditional assumptions about todaypsilas Internet such as continuous end-to-end connectivity, low latencies and low error rates are not applicable. These challenges impose constraints on the choice and implementation of possible security mechanisms in DTNs. The key requirements for a security architecture in DTNs include ensuring the protection of DTN infrastructure from unauthorized use as well as application protection by providing confidentiality, integrity and authentication services for end-to-end communication. In this paper, we examine the issues in providing application protection in DTNs and look at various possible mechanisms. We then propose an architecture based on Hierarchical Identity Based Encryption (HIBE) that provides end-to-end security services along with the ability to have fine-grained revocation and access control while at the same time ensuring efficient key management and distribution. We believe that a HIBE based mechanism would be much more efficient in dealing with the unique constraints of DTNs compared to standard public key mechanisms (PKI).
Regional hippocampal atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Gray matter brain structures, including deep nuclei and the cerebral cortex, are affected significantly and early in the course of multiple sclerosis and these changes may not be directly related to demyelinating white matter lesions. The hippocampus is an archicortical structure that is critical for memory functions and is especially sensitive to multiple insults including inflammation. We used high-resolution MR imaging at 3.0 T to measure hippocampal volumes in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients and controls. We found that both groups of MS patients had hippocampal atrophy and that this volume loss was in excess of global brain atrophy. Subregional analysis revealed selective volume loss in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region of the hippocampus in RRMS with further worsening of CA1 loss and extension into other CA regions in SPMS. Hippocampal atrophy was not correlated with T2-lesion volumes, and right and left hippocampi were affected equally. Volume loss in the hippocampus and subregions was correlated with worsening performance on word-list learning, a task requiring memory encoding, but not with performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), a test of information processing speed. Our findings provide evidence for selective and progressive hippocampal atrophy in MS localized initially to the CA1 subregion that is associated with deficits in memory encoding and retrieval. The underlying histopathological substrate for this selective, symmetric and disproportionate regional hippocampal vulnerability remains speculative at this time. Further understanding of this process could provide targets for therapeutic interventions including neuroprotective treatments.
Mechanostasis in apoptosis and medicine

Mechanostasis describes a complex and dynamic process where cells maintain equilibrium in response to mechanical forces. Normal physiological loading modes and magnitudes contribute to cell proliferation, tissue growth, differentiation and development. However, cell responses to abnormal forces include compensatory apoptotic mechanisms that may contribute to the development of tissue disease and pathological conditions. Mechanotransduction mechanisms tightly regulate the cell response through discrete signaling pathways. Here, we provide an overview of links between pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling and mechanotransduction signaling pathways, and identify potential clinical applications for treatments of disease by exploiting mechanically-linked apoptotic pathways.
SUBCHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF CAFFEINE AND THEOPHYLLINE IN DRINKING WATER: EFFECTS ON RAT LIVER RNA POLYMERASE I ACTIVITY

Administration of caffeine or theophylline, 0.2 mg/ml (an average of 20 mg/kg/d) of drinking water, to male CD rats, 2 months of age, over a 15 week period resulted in the elevation of liver RNA polymerase I activity by 2-3 fold as assayed in isolated nuclei. This increase in activity was already apparent by the fourth week of exposure. The changes in RNA polymerase I activity were accompanied by moderate liver hypertrophy.
Braceros: Migrant Citizens and Transnational Subjects in the Postwar United States and Mexico

Deborah Cohen, 2011, Chapel Hill, United States, The University of North Carolina Press, 328 pp.
Overview of CJDATS and the Organizational Process Improvement Intervention (OPII) study

involves the use of a local change team (consisting of correctional and treatment staff) and a facilitator who conducts a structured assessment of the quality of their existing practices in four domains (measurement and instrumentation, integration with case plan, conveyance and utility, and service activation) and then identify and implement specific process improvement goals in one or more of these domains. Nine research centers and their criminal justice partners are involved in the study. The intervention is evaluated using a multi-site cluster randomized design.
Big hover or big brother? Public attitudes about drone usage in domestic policing activities

Unmanned aerial systems (that is, UAS or drones) have been increasingly proposed and used by federal and state law enforcement agencies as an evolving technology for general surveillance, crime detection and criminal investigations. However, the use of UAS technology, in general, and within the particular context of domestic policing activities raises serious concerns about personal privacy and the greater intrusion of new forms of ‘big brother’ surveillance in people’s daily lives. On the basis of a national survey, the current study provides empirical evidence on public attitudes about UAS usage in various policing activities. Socio-demographic differences in the public support for drone usage in this context are also examined. Our general findings of context-specific variability in public support for UAS usage in policing operations are discussed in terms of their implications for developing public policy.
A numerical evaluation of the theoretical description of unsteady separation

Solutions of the unsteady two-dimensional NavierStokes equations and boundary-layer equations are considered for the flow induced by a thick-core vortex convecting along a surface in an incompressible flow. Vortex-induced flows of this type are known to give rise to unsteady separation in the form of an eruption of high-vorticity fluid within a narrow streamwise region. High Reynolds number NavierStokes solutions are analyzed in order to identify the initial asymptotic stages of unsteady separation. The first stage of unsteady separation is governed by the non-interactive boundary-layer equations, for which solutions are also given. As an eruption begins to develop, the boundary layer thickens and provokes a viscous-inviscid interaction giving rise to the second stage of unsteady separation. The third stage occurs when the normal pressure gradient becomes important locally within the boundary layer. These three asymptotic stages were identified within the Navier-Stokes solutions confirming this sequence of events. However, the viscous-inviscid interaction was found to begin at a time much earlier than previously thought; in fact, it begins to occur prior to the formation of a spike within the boundary layer.
Overlap among Self-Designated Opinion Leaders: A Study of Selected Dental Products and Services:

This article reports a study of the amount of overlap among self-designated opinion leaders for five dental products and services. The amount of overlap actually observed is compared with that whic...
Confronting the challenges of precision oncology

With an increased understanding of cancer genomics and tumor biology, a number of therapeutics have been designed to target cancer-specific genomic alterations. However, targeted therapies are not always effective in cancer patients even if the target alteration is detected. There are a number of potential explanations for this, including the possibility that the targeted mutation is not a key driver for that patient’s tumor. In a recent study, Pearson et al. report results of an early phase clinical trial investigating the selective fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor, AZD4547, for patients whose tumors harbor FGFR1 or FGFR2 genomic amplification. Over 300 metastatic cancer patients were screened for the study, and 8 FGFR1 -amplified breast and 9 FGFR2 -amplified gastroesophageal (GE) cancer patients were treated. Of those, 1 breast and 3 GE cancer patients responded to AZD4547, with a median progression-free survival of 6.6 months. The investigators explored differences between responders and nonresponders and found that tumors with higher copy number and higher clonality of FGFR gain (>99% of tumor cells amplified) were more likely to respond to AZD4547. High copy number of FGFR2 was also associated with higher mRNA and protein expression of both wild type FGFR2 and its oncogenic isoform. The authors used pretreatment biopsies from two responder patients to generate patient-derived xenografts and found that these xenografts’ responses to AZD4547 were similar to those observed in the clinic. Extending these observations to cell line models, higher-level FGFR amplification was associated with increased FGFR autophosphorylation, enhanced sensitivity to AZD4547, and a distinct reliance on phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling compared with other FGFR -amplified cell lines. Based on these findings, it is possible that patient selection for high-level clonal amplifications could identify patients most likely to respond to AZD4547. Screening large numbers of patients for infrequent alterations using tissue-based genomic approaches has its challenges and often does not capture tumor evolution and heterogeneous populations. Therefore, the study investigators assessed and confirmed that high level FGFR amplification was detectable noninvasively in responder patients using circulating tumor DNA, possibly paving the way for future biomarker-enriched trials. Overall, this study highlights the challenges and potential of prospective translational clinical trials to better define and characterize mechanisms of response to targeted therapeutics. Though small, this study shows that it is feasible to incorporate patient-derived preclinical models and liquid biopsies for deeper exploration across heterogeneous patient populations. A. Pearson et al. , High-level clonal FGFR amplification and response to FGFR inhibition in a translational clinical trial. Cancer Discov . 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-15-1246 (2016). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://cancerdiscovery.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2016/05/13/2159-8290.CD-15-1246
Current status regarding the levels of risks on cardiovascular diseases among the hypertensives in Zhejiang

Objective To assess the cardiovascular disease-related risk levels among hypertensive people in Zhejiang.Methods Subjects were selected from local residents aged ≥18 years old,using the multi stage stratified-random sampling method.All participants accepted physical examinations including blood tests for lipids,fasting blood glucose,2 hours blood glucose and physical measurements for obesity and blood pressure in the year 2010.Results Totally,17 437 subjects were finally included in the study,in which 5 227 were diagnosed as having hypertension,with ‘grade one hypertension’ the majority.Cardiovascular disease-related risk factors would include older age (male ＞ 55 years,female ＞ 65 years),smoking,abnormal fasting glucose,impaired glucose tolerance,abnormal TC,abnormal HDL-C,abdominal obesity and obesity,with rates as 42.78％,20.89％,5.31％,8.35％,9.87％,35.66％,40.55％ and 13.93％.Most of the hypertensive people had two (30.44％) or three risk factors (29.96％).Proportions of low,medium,high or very high risks were 9.70％,47.71％,18.81％ and 23.78％,respectively in those people with hypertension.Significant differences on cardiovascular risk stratification were found between age groups,sex and regions.There were also statistically significant differences noticed,regarding the levels of cardiovascular disease related risks between in patients aware or unaware of the diseases,under control or uncontrolled of the situation.Conclusion People under high risk or very high risk on cardiovascular disease did exist in Zhejiang,especially in those 60-year-olds,males and urban residents. Key words: Hypertension; Cardiovascular disease; Risk levels
Link Between Positive Clinician-Conveyed Expectations of Treatment Effect and Pain Reduction in Knee Osteoarthritis, Mediated by Patient Self-Efficacy.

Objective A prior knee osteoarthritis (OA) trial found that provider-conveyed expectations for treatment success were associated with pain improvement. We hypothesized this relationship was mediated by patient self-efficacy, since expectations of improvement may enhance one's ability to control health behaviors, and therefore health. Our aim was to examine whether self-efficacy was a mediator of the relationship observed in this trial. Methods A secondary analysis of a 3-arm (traditional acupuncture, sham acupuncture, and wait list) trial for knee OA was conducted. Those in the acupuncture groups were equally randomized to acupuncturists trained to communicate a high or neutral expectation of treatment success (e.g., using language conveying high or unclear likelihood that acupuncture would reduce knee pain). A modified Arthritis Self-Efficacy Questionnaire and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale were administered. Linear regression analyses were used to examine whether patient self-efficacy mediated the relationship between provider communication style and knee pain at 3 months. Results High-expectation provider communication was associated with patient self-efficacy, β coefficient of 0.14 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.01, 0.28). Self-efficacy was associated with WOMAC pain, β coefficient of -9.29 (95% CI -11.11, -7.47), while controlling for the provider communication style. The indirect effect a × b of -1.36 for high versus neutral expectation (bootstrap 95% CI -2.80, -0.15; does not include 0), supports the conclusion that patient self-efficacy mediates the relationship between provider-communicated expectations of treatment effects and knee pain. Conclusion Our findings suggest that clinician-conveyed expectations can enhance the benefit of treatments targeting knee OA symptoms, mediated by improved patient self-efficacy.
A Fast Selected Inversion Algorithm for Green's Function Calculation in Many-Body Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations

The Hubbard Hamiltonian provides a theoretical framework for describing electron interactions of quantum many-body systems in condensed matter physics. Determinant Quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations of the Hubbard Hamiltonian have contributed greatly to understanding important properties of materials. Physical measurements such as superconductivity and magnetic susceptibility are based on selected entries of a large set of Green's functions. The computations of Green's functions are equivalent to computing selected blocks of the inverses of large p-cyclic matrices. The performance of the state-of-art algorithm for computing Green's functions is around 100 Gflops on a 12-core Intel "Ivy Bridge" processor. In this paper, we describe a fast selected inversion (FSI) algorithm for computing selected entries of Green's functions and present a parallel implementation using hybrid MPI/OpenMP programming. The FSI algorithm rests on three ideas: (1) applying a block cyclic reduction for a structure-preserving reduction, (2) computing the inverse of the reduced block p-cyclic matrix by a structured orthogonal factorization, (3) using the block entries of the inverse of the reduced block pcyclic matrix as seeds to rapidly form the selected inversion in parallel. Performance results of the new FSI algorithm on Edison, National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)'s Cray XC30 supercomputer, show an 80% improvement to 180 Gflops on the Intel "Ivy Bridge" processor. The parallel applications of the FSI algorithm for computing selected entries of multiple Green's functions reach to 20 -- 30 Tflops on 100 compute nodes with 2400 cores. The preliminary results show that the FSI algorithm speeds up a full DQMC simulation of the Hubbard Hamiltonian by a factor of five, reducing from three and a half hours down to only forty minutes on the 12-core processor.
Kawasaki Disease Epidemiology in Europe

The epidemiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) has not been well described in Europe. In many European countries, annual incidence increased during the 1990s and then plateaued. Current annual incidence is about 5–10 per 100,000 children younger than 5 years. The highest incidence is in Ireland (15.2 per 100,000). Discrepancies in incidence rates may reflect differences in disease recognition rather than true variation in incidence.
Measuring Organizational Climate in Prisons

To date, literature examining the organizational context in corrections focuses primarily on the impact of organizational culture on prison violence. The operationalization of organizational climat...
3D printing technology for automotive applications

Layer by layer, inch my inch, the world's first 3-D printed vehicle seemingly emerged from thin air during the 2014 International Manufacturing Technology Show. In a matter of two days, history was made at Chicago's McCormick Place, as the world's first 3-D printed electric car -named Strati, Italian for ·'Iayers·'-took its first test drive.