cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GRAdient broadcast: a robust data delivery protocol for large scale sensor networks

Although data forwarding algorithms and protocols have been among the first set of issues explored in sensor networking, how to reliably deliver sensing data through a vast field of small, vulnerable sensors remains a research challenge. In this paper we present GRAdient Broadcast (GRAB), a new set of mechanisms and protocols which is designed specifically for robust data delivery in face of unreliable nodes and fallible wireless links. Similar to previous work [12,13], GRAB builds and maintains a cost field, providing each sensor the direction to forward sensing data. Different from all the previous approaches, however, GRAB forwards data along a band of interleaved mesh from each source to the receiver. GRAB controls the width of the band by the amount of credit carried in each data message, allowing the sender to adjust the robustness of data delivery. GRAB design harnesses the advantage of large scale and relies on the collective efforts of multiple nodes to deliver data, without dependency on any individual ones. We have evaluated the GRAB performance through both analysis and extensive simulation. Our analysis shows quantitatively the advantage of interleaved mesh over multiple parallel paths. Our simulation further confirms the analysis results and shows that GRAB can successfully deliver over 90% of packets with relatively low energy cost, even under the adverse conditions of 30% node failures compounded with 15% link message losses.
THE EFFECTS OF VERBALIZATION INSTRUCTIONS AND VISUAL ATTENTION ON HEART RATE AND SKIN CONDUCTANCE

This study investigated the effects of verbalization instructions and amount of visual attention on direction of change of heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC). Little evidence for directional fractionation of SC and HR was found with the conditions used. The variable of verbalization instructions produced a highly significant effect on HR and SC, and conditions of no-verbalization produced a consistent but non-significant decrement in HR. Other degrees of verbalization produced increments in HR. A visual attention variable produced no significant effect on either HR or SC, although means were arranged in order of increasing activation with increase in visual attention (stimulus complexity). Results were interpreted as being opposed to an intake-rejection hypothesis such as has been proposed by Lacey to account for directional fractionation of response and for HR decrements. Instead, the authors suggest that the requirement to verbalize can produce important changes in degree and direction of autonomic activation.
Transplacental transmission of dust mite antigen

Abstract Rationale Atopy and asthma is more prevalent in children of atopic mothers than atopic fathers, suggestive of additional maternal influence. Mothers might influence their infants' IgE responses by serving as a source of transplacentally transmitted allergens. Aim To detect transplacental transmission of dust mite antigen; to observe whether transmission is more likely in offspring of dust mite atopic vs non-atopic mothers. Methods 98 random paired maternal and cord blood samples (with precautions to prevent maternal blood contamination) were collected at delivery. Maternal serum was tested for anti-IgE for dust mite (Alastat Elisa, DPC) and dust mite antigen (DMAg) levels (Indoor Biotechnologies Inc). All the cord blood samples were tested for DMAg levels. Results 71/98 mothers were sensitive to dust mite allergen. 17/71 (24%) had detectable DMAg (mean 9.01 ng/ml [0.5–50 ng/ml]). 54/71 (76%) did not. 10/27 (38%) of mothers lacking IgE anti-der p1 antibody had detectable DMAg in their serum (mean 2.61 ng/ml [0.6–7.3 ng/ml]). 12/98 (12%) newborns had DMAg in their serum (mean 4.76 ng/ml [0.5–18 ng/ml]). All 12 had mothers with DMAg in their serum. Proportion of newborns with DMAg in their serum with mothers who were IgE anti-der p1-positive (9/12 cord blood samples) was not significantly different than the proportion of newborns lacking DMAg in their serum (62/86 cord blood samples). Conclusions There is transplacental transmission of dust mite antigen to the newborn. The level of transmission depends on maternal serum dust mite levels. Maternal dust mite atopy is not a risk factor for dust mite transmission.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Electrophoretic Deposition of Charged Colloidal Suspensions

Motivated by applications in the field of nanomanufacturing, we perform large-scale numerical simulations of the electrophoretic deposition of suspensions of charged colloids in an electrolyte. A simulation method is developed to model the full deposition process that captures linear electrophoresis, dipolar interactions, van-der-Waals forces, steric interactions, Brownian motion, as well as electric and hydrodynamic interactions with the electrodes. Using a fast algorithm, suspensions of up to 5,000 particles are simulated, and results are reported for the final deposit microstructure as a function of field strength. The simulation results demonstrate that regular crystalline colloidal assemblies are obtained at low field strengths and volume fractions, while more random structures with frequent defects are formed in stronger fields and at higher volume fractions, in agreement with recent deposition experiments.
An Empire, Then a Republic?

Book reviewed in this article: Patrick J. Buchanan,.A Republic, Not an Empire: Reclaiming America's Destiny
A null-object detection algorithm for constructive solid geometry

Constructive solid geometry (CSG) is the primary scheme used for representing solid objects in many contemporary solid modeling systems. A CSG representation is a binary tree whose nonterminal nodes represent Boolean operations and whose terminal nodes represent primitive solids. This paper deals with algorithms that operate directly on CSG representations to solve two computationally difficult geometric problems—null-object detection (NOD) and same-object detection (SOD). The paper also shows that CSG trees representing null objects may be reduced to null trees through the use of a new concept called primitive redundancy, and that, on average, tree reduction can be done efficiently by a new technique called spatial localization. Primitive redundancy and spatial localization enable a single complex instance of NOD to be converted into a number of simpler subproblems and lead to more efficient algorithms than those previously known.
War Land on the Eastern Front: Culture, National Identity, and German Occupation in World War I

Introduction 1. Coming to war land 2. The military utopia 3. The movement policy 4. The Kultur program 5. The mindscape of the East 6. Crisis 7. Freikorps madness 8. The triumph of Raum Conclusion.
Patient profile 2: surgical menopause.

Comment Whereas natural menopause causes a gradual decrease in estrogen level after months to years of anovulation, surgical menopause results in dramatic and precipitous decreases in estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone. Among the primary goals to be accomplished during the postoperative period are enhancement of the patient’s comfort, improvement of her quality of life, and acceleration of her return to home and normal activities. A major step in this direction is initiation of hormone replacement therapy as soon as possible after the operation so that the patient does not have to deal with menopausal symptoms during the recovery period. Before her operation this patient had a significant medical history that included clinical depression, intermittent anemia associated with fibroids, decreased libido, and hypertension. Surgical intervention (total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy) for the fibroids was performed successfully. However, the patient reported severe insomnia and night sweats postoperatively in spite of estrogen replacement. Treatment options considered for this patient included estrogen replacement therapy and estrogenandrogen replacement therapy. A regimen of estrogenandrogen replacement therapy was begun because of the sudden depletion of ovarian hormones—resulting in severe vasomotor symptoms—and her medical history (decreased libido). After oophorectomy patients often have a marked increase in somatic, psychosomatic, and psychosexual symptoms.1 Although estrogen therapy alone can help the mood of affected women, those who receive estrogen-androgen combination therapy reportedly have greater improvements in appetite, well-being, energy level, and libido, as well as a decrease in somatic and psychologic symptoms.1, 2 The patient quickly achieved symptomatic relief and had an improvement of sexual libido within the first month of therapy with oral estrogen-androgen combination therapy. The resolution of her insomnia greatly improved her recovery, assisting in her quick return to the activities that she had enjoyed before the operation. She remains symptom free with this regimen.
Infrastructure resilience assessment through control design

Infrastructure resilience is a priority for homeland security in many nations around the globe. This paper describes a new approach for quantitatively assessing the resilience of critical infrastructure systems. The mathematics of optimal control design provides the theoretical foundation for this methodology. This foundation enables the inclusion of recovery costs within the resilience assessment approach, a unique capability for quantitative resilience assessment techniques. This paper describes the formulation of the optimal control problem for a set of representative infrastructure models. This example demonstrates the importance of recovery costs in quantitative resilience analysis, and the increased capability provided by this approach's ability to discern between varying levels of resilience.
Effect of Sodium Cobaltinitrite on the Minimal Carcinogenic Dose50 (MCD50) of Methylcholanthrene in Albino Mice

The bi-weekly, intraperitoneal administration of sodium cobaltinitrite in doses of 50, 60, and 70 mg./Kg. in mice subjected to the MCD 50 of methylcholanthrene resulted in a reduction of tumor incidence to 31, 31, and 25 per cent, respectively, compared to 47 per cent for the controls.
Psychopathology and History of Sexual Abuse

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventories (MMPI-1) were used to compare the personality characteristics of a sexually abused ( n = 105) and a matched nonabused sample of clinic patients ( n = 105). Sexual abuse survivors were more frequently characterized by higher scores on the Psychopathic Deviate (4) and Schizophrenia (8) scales, likely representing high levels of interpersonal discord and social alienation. Within the sexually abused sample, more psychopathology was associated with male-to-male abuse, and more social discomfort was evident with abuse onset between ages 6-11 years. The results are discussed in terms of attributional processes associated with the abuse experience and implications for future research.
Adventure learning: Transformative hybrid online education

Adventure learning (AL) is a hybrid distance education approach that provides students with opportunities to explore real‐world issues through authentic learning experiences within collaborative learning environments. This article defines this online distance education approach, outlines an AL framework, and showcases an AL archetype. In AL environments, classroom teachers are not positioned in the role of teacher/facilitator/designer in the online learning spaces. AL online spaces are collaborative spaces where students, teachers, subject experts, and AL team members interact with one another; these are community spaces where traditional hierarchical classroom roles are blurred. Students' roles transform due to the flexibility and design of the AL learning environments as they move from student to reflective practitioner, providing for new ways of learning and teaching.
Spatial Variability of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure over the Eastern Equatorial Pacific

Abstract Variations in the atmospheric boundary layer structure over the eastern equatorial Pacific are analyzed using 916 soundings collected during the First Global Atmospheric Research Program Global Experiment. Unstable boundary layer structures are observed much more frequently in soundings north of the ocean front located near 2.5°N in the eastern equatorial Pacific than in soundings south of the front. An objective criterion is applied to identify the presence of the transition layer, a weak stable layer near cloud base, in the soundings. The transition is observed in about 45% of the soundings in both the unstable and the inversion categories. A comparison of soundings over the cold tongue with those over the ITCZ indicates that differences in static stability between these regions are limited to the layer from the surface to about 850 mb, which is the mean height of the inversions capping the cloud layer over the cold tongue. The cold tongue soundings on average are found to be drier from the sur...
Ballistic trajectory estimation with angle-only measurements

An iterative least square estimation algorithm is applied to the problem of state estimation of ballistic trajectories with angle-only measurements. A filter initiation procedure is suggested. The application of trajectory a priori knowledge for improving the state estimate is discussed and solved as a constrained estimation problem. A Monte Carlo simulation study was conducted to evaluate these techniques. It was found that the iterative least square filter achieves the Cramer-Rao bound while the extended Kalman filter generally does not.
Multirate nonlinear state estimation with application to a polymerization reactor

A method of multirate nonlinear state obserer design, which can use directly a non- linear process model in the obserer design without any linear approximation, is pre- sented. The multirate nonlinear state obserer is easy to design and implement, and is computationally efficient. Furthermore, for a number of processes, it is possible to proe the global conergence of the multirate state obserer analytically. The design, imple- mentation and performance of the state obserer design method are shown by a poly- merization reactor in which free-radical solution polymerization of styrene takes place. The initiator concentration and three leading moments of the molecular weight distribu- () ( ) tion MWD of the polymer product are estimated continuously from: i frequent mea- surements of the reactor temperature, jacket temperature and reacting-mixture density; () ii infrequent and delayed measurements of the leading moments of the MWD. Each infrequent measurement has a sampling period and a measurement delay of 0.5 or 1 h. In the presence of model-plant mismatch and measurement noise, the conergence of the multirate state obserer is shown by numerical simulations.
Wallerian degeneration in rabbit tibial nerve: changes in amounts of the S-100 protein.

— —A soluble protein (S-100) which is unique to the nervous system was measured in rabbit tibial nerve at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of degeneration. Amounts of S-100 in the degenerated peripheral segment of the transected nerve fell progressively during degeneration to 2 per cent of that measured in the corresponding portion of nerve taken from control rabbits 28 days postoperatively. Total soluble proteins increased 42 per cent during this time. Levels of S-100 and total soluble proteins remained unchanged in non-degenerated nerve segments from experimental and control rabbits. Correlations of amounts of S-100 measured in the study reported here with cellular changes demonstrated by other investigators to characterize Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerve suggest that the S-100 protein is localized primarily in axons rather than in Schwann cells or myelin.
Effect of transannular interaction on the redox-potentials in a series of bicyclic quinones

Better understanding of the transannular influence of a substituent on the redox-potentials of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-derived quinones will help in the design of new compounds with controlled biological activity. However, attempts to directly relate the reduction potentials of substituted triptycene-quinones to the electronic effects of substituents are often unsuccessful.
A Comparison of Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks

The recent advances in microelectro devices have led the researchers to an area of developing a large distributed system that consist of small, wireless sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are usually equipped with sensors to perceive the environment. Synchronization is an important component of almost all distributed systems and has been studied by many researchers. There are many solutions for the classical networks, but the traditional synchronization techniques are not suitable for sensor networks because they do not consider the partitioning of the network and message delay. Additionally, limited power, computational capacity, and memory of the sensor nodes make the problem more challenging for wireless sensor networks. This paper examines the clock synchronization issues in wireless sensor networks. Energy efficiency, cost, scalability, lifetime, robustness, and precision are the main problems to be considered in design of a synchronization algorithm. There is no one single system that satisfies all these together. A comparison of different clock synchronization algorithms in wireless sensor networks with a main focus on energy efficiency, scalability, and precision properties of them will be provided here.
MR elastography for evaluating regeneration of tissue-engineered cartilage in an ectopic mouse model

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to apply noninvasive methods for monitoring regeneration and mechanical properties of tissue-engineered cartilage in vivo at different growth stages using MR elastography (MRE). Methods Three types of scaffolds, including silk, collagen, and gelatin seeded by human mesenchymal stem cells, were implanted subcutaneously in mice and imaged at 9.4T where the shear stiffness and transverse MR relaxation time (T2) were measured for the regenerating constructs for 8 wk. An MRE phase contrast spin echo–based sequence was used for collecting MRE images. At the conclusion of the in vivo study, constructs were excised and transcript levels of cartilage-specific genes were quantitated using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Tissue-engineered constructs showed a cartilage-like construct with progressive tissue formation characterized by increase in shear stiffness and decrease in T2 that can be correlated with increased cartilage transcript levels including aggrecan, type II collagen, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein after 8 wk of in vivo culture. Conclusion Altogether, the outcome of this research demonstrates the feasibility of MRE and MRI for noninvasive monitoring of engineered cartilage construct's growth after implantation and provides noninvasive biomarkers for regeneration, which may be translated into treatment of tissue defects. Magn Reson Med, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The mitochondria of pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium berghei.

SYNOPSIS Considerable sectioning was required to demonstrate the mitochondrial cristae of pre-erythrocytic Plasmodium berghei in rat liver. The cristae vary from thin, budding tubules to dilated cisternae and most are obliquely and tangentially sectioned. These factors give the impression of an unusually small number of cristae. Numerous variations of fixation protocols failed to alter significantly the appearance of pre-erythrocytic parasite membranes. The data confirm previous suppositions that certain cytoplasmic bodies noted in pre-erythrocytic mammalian malarial parasites are indeed mitochondria. The term “acristate mitochondria” should be used with great caution in that it raises a serious semantic problem.
Rejection of propeller generated multipath interference using transform-domain array processing

Several array processing architectures have been devised for mitigation of multipath interference. Those algorithms have focused on the rejection of terrain scattered interference, sidelobe and mainlobe clutter, and hot clutter. This paper focuses on evaluating and rejecting multipath interference due to propellers or rotor of the radar receiver aircraft or helicopter. This type of interference is characterized by an induced Doppler spread proportional to the angular velocity of the propeller or the rotor. Furthermore the reflected signal represents the near-field component of the propeller scattering signatures. Spatial averaging followed by a transform-domain adaptive beamformer based on the Frost (1972) algorithm is used to reject this type of propeller generated multipath interference.
Sex differences in attributions for friendly behavior: Do males misperceive females' friendliness?

This investigation tested the hypothesis that friendliness from a member of the opposite sex might be misperceived as a sign of sexual interest. Previous research in the area of acquaintance and date rape suggests that males frequently misunderstand females' intentions. A laboratory experiment was conducted in which a male and female participated in a 5-minute conversation while a hidden male and female observed this interaction. The results indicate that there were sex differences in subjects' rating of the actors. Male actors and observers rated the female actor as being more promiscuous and seductive than female actors and observers rated her. Males were also more sexually attracted to the opposite-sex actor than females were. Furthermore, males also rated the male actor in a more sexualized fashion than females did. These results were interpreted as indicating that men are more likely to perceive the world in sexual terms and to make sexual judgments than women are. Males do seem to perceive friendliness from females as seduction, but this appears to be merely one manifestation of a broader male sexual orientation. The research described in this article grew out of the observation that females' friendly behavior is frequently misperceived by males as flirtation. Males tend to impute sexual interest to females when it is not intended. For example, one evening the author and a few of her female friends shared a table at a crowded campus bar with two male strangers. During one of the band's breaks, they struck up a friendly conversation with their male table companions. It was soon apparent that their friendliness had been misperceived by these men as a sexual invitation, and they finally had to excuse themselves from the table to avoid an awkward scene. What had been intended as platonic friendliness had been perceived as sexual interest. After discussions with several other women verified that this experience was not unique, the author began to consider several related, researchable issues. Do women similarly misjudge men's intentions or is this bias limPortions of this manuscript were based on the author's
The Boussinesq Potentials

The Galerkin and Papkovich-Neuber solutions have the advantage of presenting a general solution to the problem of elasticity in a suitably compact notation, but they are not always the most convenient starting point for the solution of particular three-dimensional problems. If the problem has a plane of symmetry or particularly simple boundary conditions, it is often possible to develop a special solution of sufficient generality in one or two harmonic functions, which may or may not be components or linear combinations of components of the Papkovich-Neuber solution. For this reason, it is convenient to record detailed expressions for the displacement and stress components arising from the several terms separately and from certain related displacement potentials.
The R&D program for targetry at a neutrino factory

The need for intense muon beams for muon colliders and for neutrino factories based on muon storage rings leads to a concept of 1-4 MW proton beams incident a moving target that is inside a 20-T solenoid magnet, with a mercury jet as a preferred example. Novel technical issues for such a system include disruption of the mercury jet by the proton beam and distortion of the jet on entering the solenoid, as well as more conventional issues of materials lifetime and handling of activated materials in an intense radiation environment. As part of the R&D program of the Neutrino Factory and Muon Collider Collaboration, R&D effort related to targetry is being performed within the context of BNL E951, first results of which are discussed here and in other contributions to this conference.
Fine pointing control for optical communications

Free-space optical communications requires precise, stable laser pointing to maintain optimal operating conditions. This paper describes the software and hardware implementation of the fine pointing control based on the Optical Communications Demonstrator architecture. The implementation is designed to facilitate system identification of the fast steering mirror mechanism. Models are derived from laboratory testing of two fine steering mirrors that are integrated into the fine tracking loop. Digital controllers are then designed to close the tracking loop using optical feedback. Results of the fine pointing control performance show an improvement of 20% in the jitter rejection bandwidth over previous experiments. A discussion of the computer delay and limited processing bandwidth in this particular implementation are included.
Regional adiposity and risk for coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes: does having greater amounts of gluteal-femoral adiposity lower the risk?

Abstract Aims Evidence suggests that the degree of gluteal-femoral adiposity may be inversely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk; however, this association has not been evaluated in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods The relationship between regional adiposity, cardiovascular risk factors, and presence of CAD was examined in participants from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study using data collected from the 18-year exam ( n = 163). Total and regional adiposity was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results Participants with CAD exhibited lower % leg fat mass (FM) (33.42 vs. 36.96, p = 0.006) and higher % trunk FM (48.33 vs. 45.18, p = 0.02), respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, height, and total adiposity compared to those without CAD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that in females, every 1 SD increase in % leg FM was associated with an approximate 60% reduction in CAD risk (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.16–0.99). Higher % trunk FM was also associated with greater risk of CAD prevalence in females (OR = 2.79, 95% CI 1.08–7.20 per SD change). These associations were not observed in males. Conclusions This is novel evidence that DEXA-assessed lower body adiposity is inversely associated with CAD in T1D, however, this association seems to only exist in females.
Biomechanical, structural, and biochemical indices of degenerative and osteoarthritic deterioration of adult human articular cartilage of the femoral condyle

Summary Objective To compare the tensile biomechanical properties of age-matched adult human knee articular cartilage exhibiting distinct stages of degenerative or osteoarthritic deterioration and to determine the relationships between tensile properties and biochemical and structural properties hypothesized to underlie functional biomechanical deterioration. Methods Age-matched articular cartilage samples, obtained from the lateral and medial femoral condyles (LFC and MFC), exhibited (1) minimal fibrillation, characteristic of normal aging (NLA), (2) overt fibrillation associated with degeneration (DGN), or (3) overt fibrillation associated with osteoarthritis (OA). DGN samples were from knees that exhibited degeneration but not osteophytes while OA samples were from fragments removed during total knee arthroplasty. Cartilage samples were analyzed for tensile properties, cell and matrix composition, and histopathological structure. Results Differences in tensile, compositional and surface structural properties were indicative of distinct stages of cartilage degeneration, early (OA) advanced (DGN) and late (OA) with early degenerative changes in NLA samples being more advanced in the MFC than the LFC, including higher surface fibrillation, lower intrinsic fluorescence, and lower mechanical integrity. The transition from early to advanced degeneration involved a diminution in mechanical function, surface integrity, and intrinsic fluorescence. The transition from advanced to late degeneration involved an increase in cartilage water content, an increase in degraded collagen, and loss of collagen. Conclusions These results provide evidence of coordinated mechanical dysfunction, collagen network remodeling, and surface fibrillation. Even in the cartilage of knees exhibiting overt fibrillation but not extensive erosions characteristic of clinical osteoarthritis, most features of advanced cartilage degeneration were present.
Children's school participation and HIV/AIDS in rural Malawi: The role of parental knowledge and perceptions

Studies of the relationship between HIV/AIDS and childrens educational attainment largely focus on the direct impacts of parental illness and death overlooking the potential indirect impact that parental knowledge and perceptions of their HIV status may have on childrens school enrollment. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative evidence from Malawi this paper finds that womens real and perceived anticipation of future health shocks has a positive impact on their childrens educational attainment. Interventions that target health uncertainty such as HIV testing programs may make a significant contribution to maintaining childrens educational attainment in communities affected by HIV/AIDS. (authors)
Embedding solar cell materials with on-board integrated energy storage for load-leveling and dark power delivery (Presentation Recording)

This work will discuss our recent advances focused on integrating high power energy storage directly into the native materials of both conventional photovoltaics (PV) and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In the first case (PV), we demonstrate the ability to etch high surface-area porous silicon charge storage interfaces directly into the backside of a conventional polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic device exhibiting over 14% efficiency. These high surface area materials are then coupled with solid-state ionic liquid-polymer electrolytes to produce solid-state fully integrated devices where the PV device can directly inject charge into an on-board supercapacitor that can be separately discharged under dark conditions with a Coulombic efficiency of 84%. In a similar manner, we further demonstrate that surface engineered silicon materials can be utilized to replace Pt counterelectrodes in conventional DSSC energy conversion devices. As the silicon counterelectrodes rely strictly on surface Faradaic chemical reactions with the electrolyte on one side of the wafer electrode, we demonstrate double-sided processing of electrodes that enables dual-function of the material for simultaneous energy storage and conversion, each on opposing sides. In both of these devices, we demonstrate the ability to produce an all-silicon coupled energy conversion and storage system through the common ability to convert unused silicon in solar cells into high power silicon-based supercapacitors. Beyond the proof-of-concept design and performance of this integrated solar-storage system, this talk will conclude with a brief discussion of the hurdles and challenges that we envision for this emerging area both from a fundamental and technological viewpoint.
User interfaces supporting casual data-centric interactions on the web

Today's Web is full of structured data, but much of it is transmitted in natural language text or binary images that are not conducive to further machine processing by the time it reaches the user's web browser. Consequently, casual users—those without programming skills—are limited to whatever features that web sites offer. Encountering a few dozens of addresses of public schools listed in a table on one web site and a few dozens of private schools on another web site, a casual user would have to painstakingly copy and paste each and every address into an online map service, copy and paste the schools' names, to get a unified view of where the schools are relative to her home. Any more sophisticated operations on data encountered on the Web—such as re-plotting the results of a scientific experiment found online just because the user wants to test a different theory—would be tremendously difficult. Conversely, to publish structured data to the Web, a casual user settles for static data files or HTML pages that offer none of the features provided by commercial sites such as searching, filtering, maps, timelines, etc., or even as basic a feature as sorting. To offer a rich experience on her site, the casual user must single-handedly build a three-tier web application that normally takes a team of engineers several months. This thesis explores user interfaces for casual users—those without programming skills—to extract and reuse data from today's Web as well as publish data into the Web in richly browsable and reusable form. By assuming that casual users most often deal with small and simple data sets, declarative syntaxes and direct manipulation techniques can be supported for tasks previously done only with programming in experts' tools. User studies indicated that tools built with such declarative syntaxes and direct manipulation techniques could he used by casual users. Moreover, the data publishing tool built from this research has been used by actual users on the Web for many purposes, from presenting educational materials in classroom to listing products for very small businesses. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Improved method for the preparation of malonyl coenzyme A

Malonyl coenzyme A is synthesized by transacylating S-malonyl-N-decanoyl cysteamine with coenzyme A. A simplified procedure for the preparation of S-malonyl-N-decanoyl cysteamine, using cysteamine as starting material, is described.
Case report: recovery from western diamondback rattler bite to mouth.

(1976). Recovery from Western Diamondback Rattler Bite to Mouth. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 59, No. 5, pp. 283-286.
Strain Rate Effects on Tensile Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete

High strain rates lead to substantial modifications in the stress-strain (or stress-displacement) response of fiber reinforced concrete in tension. These modifications include higher strength and corresponding strain, as well as smaller displacement at failure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the behavior of fiber reinforced concrete under impact tensile loading, and to study the effect of strain rate on the post-cracking strength of the composite. The variation of the tensile strength of the matrix with the reinforcement parameters such as volume fraction Vf and aspect ratio |/φ of the fibers is also studied ip this paper. A special emphasis is placed on the stress-displacement relationship of steel fiber reinforced concrete in its post-cracking range. An empirical model of the stress- displacement relationship as a function of the strain rate is developed from experimental data from tensile tests on dogbone shape notched tensile prisms. The model highlights the effects of strain rate and fiber properties on the post-cracking strength of the composite, as well as the displacement at failure. The effect of strain rate on the post-cracking toughness of fiber reinforced concrete is also addressed. The literature on impact effects on concrete in tension (plain and fiber reinforced) is briefly reviewed in this paper, and so is the state of the art of testing techniques for strain rate effects.
Phases of Grosseteste's Intellectual Life

Grosseteste are in agreement that he was a dominant figure in the intellectual life of thirteenth century England.' Some of the ways in which this dominance was exercised are also clear: as bishop of Lincoln (1235-53) he was influential through his sermons, translations and other writings; as director of the Franciscan School at Oxford (ca.1231-5) he set a standard of erudition which appears in such students as Thomas of York and the well known Roger Bacon. Even before this he must have had some influence upon the University of Oxford but the evidence is capable of different interpretations. This is unfortunate because he was a master as early as II89 and thus the greater part of his early and middle life is involved in mystery. Outside of scattered items there is for this period a curious biography by a later medieval monk, Richard of Bardney,2 probably based in part upon an earlier biography. Then there is the very large number of writings which have been located and catalogued.3
Distribution, Abundance, and Interspecific Associations of Typhlodromips sessor (Acarina: Phytoseiidae)

Typhlodromips sessor DeLeon is the dominant phytoseiid in immature and unstable habitats throughout secondary succession in the Piedmont area of New Jersey. In fields approximately 1, 3, 5, and 10 years old, this mite had an average relative abundance of 95.4, 95.3, 82.8, and 72.3%, respectively. This ecological dominance was maintained in a 5-year-old field from June to October as population levels of this mite were consistently high and stable in comparison to the 13 other phytoseiid species collected there. Analysis of the 175 plant: species collected in these studies showed that T. sessor occurred in significantly greater densities upon herbaceous plants with thorny or pubescent leaves. As a general predator, T. sessor was interspecifically associated with tetranychid mites, eriophyid mites, and Thrips tabaci Lindeman. A negative association was evident between this phytoseiid and predatory phloeothripid nymphs. Geographically, T. sessor ranges from eastern Canada to Georgia and, according to Zack (1969), west to Missouri. Collection of 4584 adult phytoseiids along a transect of the east coast yielded 27 species, in which the average relative abundance of T. sessor was 89.8% in northern states, 50.7% in central states, and 0.8% in southern states.
Category-adaptive color image retrieval based on lloyd-clustered gauss mixtures

Traditional image retrieval systems consist of two working blocks for a query image: Feature extraction and similarity matching. This structure, however, does not provide satisfactory retrieval performances for different image databases. Therefore, image retrieval systems based on users' relevance feedback have been developed. Since this structure assumes the relevance feedback, it cannot be applied to fully automated systems. It can also annoy the users who may be reluctant to repeat the querying process. Therefore, we propose a better automated image retrieval system, which adds a classifier to the traditional system for giving feed-forward information to maximize the average precision. It requires a pre-analysis of the given image database. We find that every category of images has its own mode (a combination of color space, quantization method, and similarity measure) leading to a better average retrieval performance than other modes. That is, there is no single mode to maximize the average retrieval performance for every category of images. Given a database, our proposed system will improve the overall precision by selecting the best mode based on known statistics (average precision vs. recall for each category). The Lloyd-clustered Gauss mixtures are used in the classifier to provide the feed-forward category information and in the quantization of color images for histogram generation. The proposed system improves the retrieval precision by about 2.8 percent over our previous best single mode retrieval system. The result is better than that of the famous color indexing of Swain and Ballard (91') by 9 percent for the generic color images used. The proposed system can improve the retrieval precision by up to 5.5 percent over the best single mode retrieval under our experimental setup, given a perfect classifier.
SU‐F‐T‐212: A Comparison of Treatment Strategies for Intracranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery

Purpose: Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective and noninvasive treatment for intracranial lesions that uses highly focused radiation beams in a single treatment fraction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dosimetric differences between the treatment brain metastasis with a proton beam vs. intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods: Ten separate brain metastasis targets where chosen and treatment plans were created for each, using three different strategies: custom proton beam shaping devices, standardized proton beam shaping devices, and IMRT. Each plan was required to satisfy set parameters for providing adequate coverage and minimizing risk to adjacent tissues. The effectiveness of each plan was calculated by comparing the homogeneity index, conformity index, and V12 for each target using a paired one tailed T-test (α=0.05). Specific comparison of the conformity indices was also made using a subcategory containing targets with volume>1cc. Results: There was no significant difference between the homogeneity indices of the three plans (p>0.05), showing that each plan has the capability of adequately covering the targets. There was a statistically significant difference (p 1cc) there was no statistical difference between the proton plans and the IMRT treatment for the conformity index. Conclusion: A custom proton plan is the recommended treatment explored in this study as it is the most reliable way of effectively treating the target while sparing the maximum amount of normal tissue.
A randomized phase I trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel with or without mifepristone for advanced breast cancer.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) overexpression is associated with poor prognosis ER-negative breast cancer. GR antagonism with mifepristone increases chemotherapy-induced breast cancer cell death, therefore we conducted a phase I clinical trial of mifepristone and nab-paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer. A novel randomized phase I design was used to assess the effect of mifepristone on nab-paclitaxel pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Patients were randomized to placebo or mifepristone for the first cycle; mifepristone was given to all for subsequent cycles. Nine patients were enrolled. All were found to have a twofold or greater increase in serum cortisol after mifepristone administration, reflecting effective GR inhibition. Neutropenia occurred at both nab-paclitaxel dose levels studied (100 and 80 mg/m2), and was easily managed with dose reduction and/or growth factor administration. Pharmacokinetic data suggest an interaction between nab-paclitaxel and mifepristone in some patients. Two patients had complete responses (CR), three partial responses (PR), one stable disease (SD), and three progressive disease (PD). Immunohistochemical staining for GR found six of nine tumors were GR-positive. All six GR-positive tumors were triple-negative at the time of recurrence. Of these six patients, two had CRs, two PRs, one SD, and one PD. GR appears to be a promising target in TNBC, and GR inhibition plus chemotherapy produces manageable toxicity. While neutropenia was observed in some, a nab-paclitaxel dose of 100 mg/m2 plus mifepristone 300 mg was found to be tolerable, and a randomized phase II trial of nab-paclitaxel with/without mifepristone is planned in GR-positive advanced TNBC.
Neuropsychological Assessment of Children with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is an epileptic encephalopathy that is marked by sudden onset of verbal auditory agnosia and subsequent deterioration in expressive language. The primary deficit is in phonological processing, possibly at the level of impaired phonological short-term memory, and it appears to create a cascade of cognitive deterioration that impacts all aspects of speech comprehension. Inability to recognize nonverbal auditory stimuli may also be present but may not emerge until later in the condition. Language recovery may occur in about one-third of patients and appears to be precipitated by resolution of the EEG abnormalities. Nonverbal intelligence is typically normal, but language skills are globally impaired. Some studies suggest deficits in visual-spatial processing and/or visual-motor integration in up to 50% of cases, but other aspects of cognitive functioning, such as memory and executive functioning, have not been well studied. Auditory working memory, however, is a consistent area of difficulty for children with LKS and appears to persist regardless of functional outcome. Behavioral disturbance is also pervasive in LKS and can sometimes be the feature requiring the most clinical attention. Recent studies have emerged that provide more thorough neurodiagnostic information about the cognitive and behavioral features of LKS, but the reported literature on expected neuropsychological findings in LKS remains sparse.
Broadcast Television, Political Knowledge, and Turnout

The growth of broadcast television is a text book example of a fundamental change in the media environment. Whether measured by the percentage of Americans watching television regularly, by the amount of time spent watching every day, or by the dominance of broadcast television over other media, broadcast television at its prime was the paradigm of a mass medium. More people than ever before and ever again followed the same homogenous programming as a daily routine. In this chapter, I show that this change in the media environment affected how Americans learned about politics, and whether or not they would go to the polls. Broadcast television brought Americans closer together in their political knowledge and their involvement in the electoral process. It did so by striking a bargain with many of those Americans who had previously ignored politics because it seemed too difficult to keep up with: “We will bring moving pictures right into your living room that you will find impossible to resist for many hours each day — but for an hour or two, the irresistible moving pictures will show you news and politics.” To set the stage, this chapter begins with a brief description of the media environment before television. Next, I sketch the growth of television and the maturing of television news. The popularity of the medium and the conventions surrounding the scheduling of news generated large news audiences in this oddly irresistible low-choice environment.