cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic specificity of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus influences functional properties of Mozzarella cheese

Low-moisture part-skim Mozzarella cheeses were manufactured from 2% fat milk and aged for 21 d. Treatments included cheeses made with one of three different strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in combination with a single strain of Streptococcus thermophilus. A fourth, control treatment consisted of cheeses made with only S. thermophilus. Although total proteolytic ability of these strains, as indicated by the o-phthaldialdehyde analysis, was similar in each of the three strains of L. bulgaricus, these strains exhibited different proteolytic specificities toward the peptide, alpha(s1)-CN (f 1-23). On the basis of their alpha(s1)-CN (f 1-23) cleavage patterns and a previously described classification, these strains were assigned to the groups I, III, and V. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of lactobacilli proteolytic systems, based on specificity toward alpha(s1)-CN (f 1-23), on functionality of part-skim Mozzarella cheese. Moisture, fat, protein, salt-in-moisture, and moisture in nonfat substances content of cheeses made with groups I, III, and V strain were similar. Control cheese had a lower moisture content than did other treatments. Significant differences were observed in functional properties between cheeses manufactured using groups III and V strains. Cheeses made with groups I and III strains were similar in their meltability, hardness, cohesiveness, melt strength, and stretch quality. Meltability and cohesiveness increased with age, while melt strength and stretch quality decreased with age for all cheeses. Additionally, HPLC showed that total peak areas of water-soluble peptides derived from cleavage of alpha(s1)-CN (f 1-23) by different strains of lactobacilli could be highly correlated to meltability and stretch characteristics of cheeses made with those strains.
Elder Care Exchanges in a Caribbean Village

Caregiver gender research often translates into caregiver accounts of the care they provide for an elder parent or spouse, limiting an understanding of other communitymembers’involvement and the ac...
The meaning of grammatical consciousness-raising

ABSTRACT: The pros and cons of grammatical consciousness-raising (C-R) in pedagogy are still very much a part of current discussion on the proper relations between theories of second-language acquisition and classroom learning and teaching. While it seems clear from these studies that grammatical C-R should be given a place in the language-teaching curriculum, it by no means follows that we have a clear idea of what that role ought to be. There would presumably be little dispute with the notion that whatever it is that is raised to consciousness should be maximally consistent both with what we presently know of the nature of language and its organizing principles and with how all of that gets absorbed by the learner—i.e. the nature of language acquisition. Yet it can easily be argued that what has invariably been singled out for pedagogical attention, even over the many centuries of documented language teaching, amounts at best to a misrepresentation of these principles—where it seems to have been widely assumed that the essence of language is the sum total of its putative combinatorial units and that the task of the teacher is to ‘impart’ these units directly to the learner. This is essentially a ‘product approach’ to grammatical C-R, and one in which the learner is presumed to be a tabula rasa. It will be argued, however, that meaningful research on the issue of whether or not formal instruction makes a difference will need to abandon notions of language learning as the accumulation of language entities and consider C-R with regard to grammatical processes and the learner's progressive restructuring of prior knowledge.
Rhenium and rhenium-tungsten deposition by thermochemical reduction of the hexafluorides—A preliminary study

Abstract Near-optimum parameters were determined by the Bureau of Mines for vapor deposition of rhenium on heated copper substrates by hydrogen reduction of rhenium hexafluoride (ReF6). High-purity deposits of nearly 90% theoretical density were obtained with the reaction chamber at 250 °C, with a H2 to ReF6 volume ratio of 25 to 1, and with a ReF6 flow rate of 5 grams per hour. Some rhenium deposited as a loose, black powder. When the established near-optimum parameters were carefully followed, this could be minimized but never completely avoided. Varying the reaction chamber pressure, both above and below atmospheric, yielded excessive quantities of rhenium powder. Deposition efficiencies, based on only the coherent metal, ranged between 70 and 75%. Massive deposits contained only spectrographic traces of impurities. The average microhardness (Knoop, 100-gram load) of vapor-deposited rhenium was 907. Limited research on the deposition of rhenoium-tungsten alloys by reduction of the mixed hexafluorides produced deposits in which linear composition gradients were pronounced; this nonhomogeneity was attributed to the wide variation in optimum hydrogen-reduction temperatures of the two hexafluorides (250 °C for ReF6 and 550 °C for WF6). Using deposition temperatures between 250 ° and 550 °C did not eliminate the composition variations.
Evaluation of blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity by radial artery tonometry versus finger arteriolar photoplethysmography.

Abstract Background Published normative data of noninvasive blood pressures (BPs) and autonomic modulations have been primarily derived from the finger arteriole using the Finapres (Ohmeda Co., Englewood, CO), a device that is no longer manufactured. Currently, beat-to-beat BP are obtained from the radial artery using the Colin tonometer. Methods We compared BP and autonomic parameters in a crossover design between the two devices in 29 subjects during seated rest and a 0.1-Hz breathing protocol. In addition, we tested whether finger arteriolar BP differences were due to pressure changes exerted by the radial tonometer. Results Uniformly, BP measured at the radial artery were significantly higher than those from the finger arteriole. Radial BP (106 ± 19.5 mm Hg) were higher than finger arteriolar BP (95.8 ± 13.7 mm Hg) ( P P P v 21.5 ± 11.6 msec/mm Hg; P SBP ), representative of sympathetic vasomotor modulation, between the two methods, whether absolute, normalized, or log-transformed were not observed. Conclusions There were no differences in arteriolar BP values in the presence or absence of radial artery tonometric pressure. These findings indicate that differences exist in systolic BP and BRS using the tonometer (radial artery) versus the Finapres (Ohmeda Co.) (finger arteriole). Furthermore, these differences are not due to pressure exerted by the radial artery tonometer that supplies blood to the finger arteriole.
Automated Extraction of Secondary Flow Features

The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become standard practice in the design and development of the major components used for air and space propulsion. To aid in the post-processing and analysis phase of CFD many researchers now use automated feature extraction utilities. These tools can be used to detect the existence of such features as shocks, vortex cores and separation and re-attachment lines. The existence of secondary flow is another feature of significant importance to CFD engineers. Although the concept of secondary flow is relatively understood there is no commonly accepted mathematical definition for secondary flow. This paper will present a definition for secondary flow and one approach for automatically detecting and visualizing secondary flow.
Integration of tomato reproductive developmental landmarks and expression profiles, and the effect of SUN on fruit shape

Universally accepted landmark stages are necessary to highlight key events in plant reproductive development and to facilitate comparisons among species. Domestication and selection of tomato resulted in many varieties that differ in fruit shape and size. This diversity is useful to unravel underlying molecular and developmental mechanisms that control organ morphology and patterning. The tomato fruit shape gene SUN controls fruit elongation. The most dramatic effect of SUN on fruit shape occurs after pollination and fertilization although a detailed investigation into the timing of the fruit shape change as well as gene expression profiles during critical developmental stages has not been conducted. We provide a description of floral and fruit development in a red-fruited closely related wild relative of tomato, Solanum pimpinellifolium accession LA1589. We use established and propose new floral and fruit landmarks to present a framework for tomato developmental studies. In addition, gene expression profiles of three key stages in floral and fruit development are presented, namely floral buds 10 days before anthesis (floral landmark 7), anthesis-stage flowers (floral landmark 10 and fruit landmark 1), and 5 days post anthesis fruit (fruit landmark 3). To demonstrate the utility of the landmarks, we characterize the tomato shape gene SUN in fruit development. SUN controls fruit shape predominantly after fertilization and its effect reaches a maximum at 8 days post-anthesis coinciding with fruit landmark 4 representing the globular embryo stage of seed development. The expression profiles of the NILs that differ at sun show that only 34 genes were differentially expressed and most of them at a less than 2-fold difference. The landmarks for flower and fruit development in tomato were outlined and integrated with the effect of SUN on fruit shape. Although we did not identify many genes differentially expressed in the NILs that differ at the sun locus, higher or lower transcript levels for many genes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis or signaling as well as organ identity and patterning of tomato fruit were found between developmental time points.
VibeFones: Socially Aware Mobile Phones

Today's mobile phones are essentially off-the-shelf, mass-market wearable computers. In this paper, we describe mobile social software that uses tone of voice, location and proximity information to create a sophisticated understanding of people's social lives, by automatically mining their face-to-face and phone interactions. We describe several applications of our system - automatic characterization of social and workplace interactions, a courtesy reminder for phone conversations, and a personal trainer for dating encounters.
Flight from reason

The Origin and Evolution of Birds. By Alan Feduccia. Yale University Press: 1996. Pp. 420. $65, £45.
Enhancement of sporulation in species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum by growth on cellulose-containing substrates.

Nine species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum were compared for sporulation on agar media and for enhancement of sporulation by growth on four cellulose-containing substrates (index card, filter paper, cheesecloth, cotton fabric). On two natural and one synthetic agar media, sporulation varied from profuse to nonexistent among three isolates of each species. Growth of all species on cellulose substrates resulted in large and significant increases in sporulation. Growth on index card pieces often provided the greatest increases, but no single substrate was superior for all species, and significant substrate × isolate interactions were observed within species. Overlay of filter paper onto whole colonies in agar plates resulted in 2 to 18-fold increases in sporulation for eight of nine species and production of spores in sufficient quantity for most experimental purposes. Overlay of soil dilution plates with filter paper to promote sporulation of colonies enabled detection of B. spicifera, B. hawaiiensis, C. lunata, and E. rostratum at relatively low population levels (≤1.3 × 103 colony-forming units per gram of soil) in samples of a naturally infested soil. Results indicate that enhancement of sporulation by growth of species of Bipolaris, Curvularia, Drechslera, and Exserohilum on cellulose substrates may facilitate (i) their identification in culture, (ii) production of spores at relatively high concentrations, and (iii) detection and enumeration of these fungi in soil.
Crossing Frontiers: Theoretical Innovations in the Study of Social Movements:

For better or worse, scholars who write about the origins, activities, and consequences of social movements often talk past each other. Babel occurs partly because social movement scholars are trained in different disciplines with dissimilar analytic concepts, presumptions about relevance, and methodological techniques. In addition, one finds in every discipline competing (if not clashing) intellectual currents and political orientations, which contribute to the multiplicity of voices and perspectives on any topic. For instance, one can find social-movement analysts in departments of political science who are Marxists, mass-society theorists, world-systems theorists, subaltern-studies folks, post-cultural-studies scholars,
Projective Framing, Cultural Opportunity Milieu, and the Rastafari

Abstract Current social movement literature is replete with considerations of the ideational dimensions of collective actions. The roles of collective action frames in the ebb and flow of social movements are rightly accented. However, the trend suffers from the flaw of construing frames as though they are frozen in specific historical spaces and times. The continuity-discontinuity dynamics that exist between “old” and “emergent” collective action frames is given scant attention. This study, accordingly, examines the link that exists between what could be referred to as “cultural opportunity milieu” and the Rastafari, an internationally recognized movement that originated in the 1930s in Jamaica. Because the movement culture of the Rastafari is multi-layered, the study focuses on its projective framing, an interpretative contrivance of articulating an idealized community. Under the themes of religious, cultural, and intellectual sources, the relationships between the projective frames of slaves in resista...
Father Closeness: Its Effect on Married Men's Sexual Behaviors, Marital, and Family Satisfaction

This article examines the effect father closeness has on adult married men's non-marital sexual behaviors (e.g., sexual fantasy, masturbation, viewing pornography), marital satisfaction and family satisfaction. Participants include 993 predominantly Protestant Christian men who voluntarily completed the National Survey of Men. Using five father closeness levels ranging from very low closeness to very high closeness, a series of one-way analyses of variance were conducted using the dependent variables: Sexual Behaviors and Fantasies, Marital Satisfaction, and Family Satisfaction. Results indicate that men reporting higher levels of father closeness engage in significantly fewer non-marital sexual behaviors and have significantly higher levels of marital and family satisfaction than men reporting lower levels of father closeness. Discussion considers the role of father closeness in child and adult outcomes.
Enteral glutamine spares endogenous glutamine in chronic acidosis.

Metabolic acidosis associated with the catabolic state mobilizes muscle nitrogen and releases it into blood as glutamine (GLN) targeted for renal consumption and base generation. Because GLN removed by the kidneys during acidosis is a major drain on the GLN available to other sites, subsequent deprivation may lead to impaired organ function. Conversely, GLN supplementation may spare endogenous supplies and restore organ function. To test this, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 250 and 350 g were pair-fed elemental diets supplemented with GLN 4.9 g/L (GLN-ED) or an equivalent mixture of neutral amino acids substituted for GLN (ED). Acid loading was effected by adding hydrochloric acid to the liquid diet (110 mmol/L). Animals were studied in metabolic cages for five consecutive 24-hour urine collection periods and then anesthetized for short-term studies of interorgan fluxes and tissue GLN content. Acidosis effected an increase in ammonium nitrogen excretion (fivefold) and a reciprocal decrease (24%) in ...
Significance of plasma cytokine levels in melanoma patients with histologically negative sentinel lymph nodes.

Introduction:Although sentinel lymph node (SLN) status is the most powerful predictor of prognosis in patients with clinically localized melanoma, a proportion of melanoma patients with histologically negative SLNs will still recur. It is hypothesized that tumor response may be altered or mediated by specific cytokines. We therefore investigated whether levels of IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, or IFN-γ would predict disease recurrence in melanoma patients with histologically negative SLNs.
A protocol for the management of adhesive small bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUNDDifferentiating between partial adhesive small bowel obstruction (aSBO) likely to resolve with medical management and complete obstruction requiring operative intervention remains elusive. We implemented a standardized protocol for the management of aSBO and reviewed our experience retrosp
Subject-based evaluation measures for interactive spoken language systems

The DARPA Spoken Language effort has profited greatly from its emphasis on tasks and common evaluation metrics. Common, standardized evaluation procedures have helped the community to focus research effort, to measure progress, and to encourage communication among participating sites. The task and the evaluation metrics, however, must be consistent with the goals of the Spoken Language program, namely interactive problem solving. Our evaluation methods have evolved with the technology, moving from evaluation of read speech from a fixed corpus through evaluation of isolated canned sentences to evaluation of spontaneous speech in context in a canned corpus. A key component missed in current evaluations is the role of subject interaction with the system. Because of the great variability across subjects, however, it is necessary to use either a large number of subjects or a within-subject design. This paper proposes a within-subject design comparing the results of a software-sharing exercise carried out jointly by MIT and SRI.
Computed tomography of the skull and facial structures: Preliminary evaluation of direct coronal sections

Skull and facial structures may be evaluated on computed tomography (CT), as well as the brain. A valuable new dimension to the study has been added with the feasibility of obtaining direct coronal sections using a wide gantry aperture. The patho-anatomical details of bone and soft tissues including the orbit and paranasal sinuses are well demonstrated. Direct viewing on a display console of an enlarged quadrant of the scan is of prime importance in diagnosing fine changes involving the thin facial bones.
Abstract 5268: CXCR4 and P-glycoprotein N-glycan patterning in developing cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Human CXCR4 and P-glycoprotein (Pgp) are N-glycosylated membrane proteins overexpressed in cancer cells. CXCR4 is thought to be an initiator of neuroblastoma metastasis to bone tissue and is overexpressed in neuroblastomas. Pgp is a heavily glycosylated, ATP-dependent drug efflux pump overexpressed in uterine sarcomas. Pgp is responsible for multidrug resistance in some tumors. Our lab is studying the N-glycan profiles of CXCR4 and Pgp in neuroblastoma (IMR-32) and uterine sarcoma cells (MES-SA and MES-SA/Dx5). We believe CXCR4 and Pgp are closely involved in metastasis. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the metastatic roles of CXCR4 and Pgp, we are characterizing their respective complements of N-glycans. CXCR4 contains a N-linked oligosaccharide on two separate extracellular loops; moreover, Pgp has 3 N-glycans present on a 9 amino acid stretch near its N-terminus. We believe both protein N-glycan moieties are differentially glycosylated enough to act as markers for identifying and staging cancer cells. Our previous studies have shown that Pgp overexpressed in MES-SA/Dx5 cells contains at least two different complex N-glycans; a high mannose tree and a hybrid, sialic acid-capped oligosaccharide. To build on our previous studies, we have developed a novel approach to further characterize CXCR4 and Pgp N-glycans using polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) raised to the specific amino acid sequences containing the sugars in both cancer proteins. We are using these inimitable pAbs to aid in the isolation, sequencing, and profiling of specific N-glycan changes that are associated with the stage of each of the cancer cell lines mentioned above. Our pAb panels bind the native, expressed glycoforms of CXCR4 and Pgp in cells and on Western blots. We are using pAb affinity columns to capture protease-released glycopeptides. Once captured, we intend to sequence each of the released glycopeptides’ oligosaccharides to verify their saccharide sequences in the different cancer cell stages. Furthermore, we predict that the resultant glycopeptide gel and blot patterns will ‘bar code’ the specific cancer stage of the cells lines studied. We envision that these glycopeptide patterns can be used to identify and catalog the various stages of developing cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5268
Laser etched bifilar fine wire electrode for skeletal muscle motor unit recording

Abstract To selectively record a limited number of skeletal muscle motor unit action potentials, a bifilar fine wire electrode was developed. Two 8 μm fine wires were braided together, a hook formed, and ends insulated. A round beam, pulsed laser, etched a 5 μm piece of insulation from each wire near the hooked end. Bipolar recordings from a select number of skeletal muscle motor units were obtained from these two uninsulated 5 μm areas. Reactive and capacitative components for each set of electrodes were measured. These electrodes were selective in recording from 3 to 5 single motor unit action potentials at low isometric tension levels.
A control strategy for heat recovery and storage

Abstract A simple method of finding approximate control strategies for combined heat recovery and storage processes is presented. The system considered is a space heating system employing a heat pump. The technique is based on energy balance principles and a numerical search method which minimizes the operating cost. Two examples are given to illustrate the procedure.
A comparison of the rate of absorption of micellar and nonmicellar oleic acid

The influence of physical state on the rate of fatty acid absorption was studied in healthy human volunteers by a perfusion technic featuring a proximal occlusive balloon. Fatty acid was absorbed much faster from a micellar solution than from an emulsion of identical concentration.
Hidden non-Fermi-liquid behavior due to a crystal-field quartet

We study a realistic Kondo model for crystal field quartet ground states having magnetic and nonmagnetic (quadrupolar) exchange couplings with conduction electrons, using the numerical renormalization group method. We focus on a local effect dependent on singlet excited states coupled to the quartet, which reduces the nonmagnetic coupling significantly and drives non-Fermi-liquid behavior observed in the calculated quadrupolar susceptibility. A crossover from the non-Fermi-liquid state to the Fermi-liquid state is characterized by a small energy scale very sensitive to the nonmagnetic coupling. On the other hand, the Kondo temperature observed in the magnetic susceptibility is less sensitive. The different crystal-field dependence of the two exchange couplings may be related to the different x dependence of quadrupolar and magnetic ordering temperatures in Ce{sub x}La{sub 1-x}B{sub 6}. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Modified Boley gauge for use as a reference plane in orthognathic surgery.

Changes in the angle at which the Boley gauge is held while measuring the anteroposterior and vertical distances between the incisal guide pin and the upper member of the articulator to the dento-osseous segments can result in significant changes in the measurement of planned model surgery movements. To avoid this situation, a modified Boley gauge was developed to serve as a reference plane in measuring the anteroposterior and vertical positions of the dento-osseous segments from the incisal guide pin and upper member of the articulator
To Sling or Not To Sling at Time of Abdominal Sacrocolpopexy: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Purpose We compare the cost-effectiveness of 3 strategies for the use of a mid urethral sling to prevent occult stress urinary incontinence in patients undergoing abdominal sacrocolpopexy. Materials and Methods Using decision analysis modeling we compared cost-effectiveness during a 1-year postoperative period of 3 treatment approaches including 1) abdominal sacrocolpopexy alone with deferred option for mid urethral sling, 2) abdominal sacrocolpopexy with universal concomitant mid urethral sling and 3) preoperative urodynamic study for selective mid urethral sling. Using published data we modeled probabilities of stress urinary incontinence after abdominal sacrocolpopexy with or without mid urethral sling, the predictive value of urodynamic study to detect occult stress urinary incontinence and the likelihood of complications after mid urethral sling. Costs were derived from Medicare 2010 reimbursement rates. The main outcome modeled was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per quality adjusted life-years gained. In addition to base case analysis, 1-way sensitivity analyses were performed. Results In our model, universally performing mid urethral sling at abdominal sacrocolpopexy was the most cost-effective approach with an incremental cost per quality adjusted life-year gained of $2,867 compared to abdominal sacrocolpopexy alone. Preoperative urodynamic study was more costly and less effective than universally performing intraoperative mid urethral sling. The cost-effectiveness of abdominal sacrocolpopexy plus mid urethral sling was robust to sensitivity analysis with a cost-effectiveness ratio consistently below $20,000 per quality adjusted life-year. Conclusions Universal concomitant mid urethral sling is the most cost-effective prophylaxis strategy for occult stress urinary incontinence in women undergoing abdominal sacrocolpopexy. The use of preoperative urodynamic study to guide mid urethral sling placement at abdominal sacrocolpopexy is not cost-effective.
Verbal series attention test: Clinical utility in the assessment of dementia

Abstract We report on a newly standardized attentional screening measure, the Verbal Series Attention Test (VSAT). Test items include forward and reverse generation of arithmetic series, days of the week, and months of the year; number-letter sequencing; and auditory vigilance for a spoken target letter. Interscorer and test-retest reliabilities for Time and Error scores are high (r = .86 to r = .98). Discriminant function analysis comparing Alzheimer's disease patients (n = 110) and age-matched control subjects (n = 110) yielded overall correct group classification of 87%. Construct validity was supported by high correlations between the VSAT and the WAIS-R Freedom From Distractibility factor, while low correlations were obtained with other neuropsychological tests with limited attentional demand. Age- and education-stratified VSAT scores are presented for 250 normal subjects from 20 to 90 years of age.
Manpower Planning with Occupational Choice: A Nigerian Example of Mismatch

Manpower planners in less‐developed countries have traditionally considered their greatest challenges to be:
Relationships of Posttraumatic Growth and Stress Responses in Bereaved Young Adults

The present study examined posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its associations with stress responses in bereaved young adults. It was hypothesized that the PTG domains that are more strongly endorsed among the bereaved would show an inverted-U-shaped relationship with stress responses. Japanese undergraduate students who reported their loss of loved ones as the most traumatic experience within the past 5 years completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the revised Impact of Event Scale. Results revealed that the hypothesized curvilinear relationships were observed in the PTG domain of relating to others and the combined domain of spiritual change and appreciation of life, whereas linear relationships were found in the personal strength and new possibilities domains. These results suggest that although a certain level of stress response may be crucial for experiencing PTG, the relationship varies across the PTG domains in these bereaved young adults.
Tetrahalodimolybdate(II) complexes with alkyl substituted pyridines. A structural and spectroscopic study

Abstract Tetrahalodimolybdate(II) complexes with pyridine (PY), 3-methylpyridine (3PIC), 4-methylpyridine (4PIC), 3,4-dimethylpyridine (34LUT) and 4-tert-butylpyridine (4TBP) have been spectroscopically characterized. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction structure of the complex Mo2Br4(4TBP)4·2C6H6 is reported and compared to the previously reported structure of the complex Mo2Br4(4PIC)4·CHCl3. The 4TBP complex crystallizes in the P21/n space group (a = 9.143(3), b = 15.305(5), c = 18.766(4) A, β = 93.46°, V = 2621.9(9) A3, Z = 4) in the eclipsed conformation, giving the complex an overall D2h symmetry. The MoMo bond distance is 2.148(2) A. These structural features are very similar to those found in Mo2Br4(4PIC)4·CHCl3 according to the published atomic coordinates rather than the depicted complex geometry. A plot of the δ → δ* transition energy versus ligand gas-phase basicity shows that the δ → δ* transition energy varies with respect to the position and type of alkyl substituent on the pyridine ring.
Jaocs news feature: Collaborative study of the determination of total oil in sunflower seed

A collaborative study was made of two methods for determining the total oil content of sunflower seed. The seed of three sunflower varieties of low, medium, and high oil content were analyzed on different days by 12 collaborators. In one method, the sunflower seeds were ground with an equivalent wt of diatomaceous earth. In the second method, the seeds were ground with a high-speed grinder without diatomaceous earth. The method using diatomaceous earth in the grinding of the seed gave a significantly higher oil content for all three varieties. It was recommended that total oil on a per cent dry wt basis be calculated from the moisture determination of the whole seed and not from the moisture of ground sample, which was too variable.
Focus considerations with high-numerical-aperture widefield lenses

The high numerical aperture (NA) lenses which are required to produce today's geometries place stringent demands on focus quality. When high NA is coupled with wide image fields, high quality field-by-field leveling is also required. This paper reports focus and leveling performance of a g-line system with 0.55 NA and 20 mm field. Its performance in the areas of focus repeatability and global and field-by-field leveling are reviewed both in terms of image quality and throughput achieved. Factors affecting the useable depth of focus (DOF) at 0.6 micrometers feature sizes, including thin film stack, resist type, resist thickness and field flatness will be discussed. Finally, two models describing the dependance of DOF with linewidth are compared with actual data from several aligners, including this one. It will be shown that a model depending only on exposure wavelength accurately fits the experimental data.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Update on the calibration and performance of the special sensor ultraviolet limb imagers (SSULI)

The Naval Research Laboratory has built give Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imagers (SSULIs) for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program. These sensors are designed to measure vertical intensity profiles of the Earth's airglow in the extreme and far ultraviolet (800 to 1700 angstroms). The data from these sensors will be used to infer altitude profiles of ion, electron and neutral density. The first SSULI is scheduled to launch in 2000. An identical copy of the SSULI sensor called LORAAS was launched aboard the ARGOS spacecraft on February 23, 1999. Data from LORAAS will be used to verify the performance of the SSULI sensors, ground analysis software and validate the UV remote sensing technique. Together with the LORAAS instrument the SSULI program will collect data on the composition of the upper atmosphere for a complete solar cycle.
Soybean Yield and Nutrient Utilization following Long-Term Pelletized Broiler Litter Application to Cotton

Broiler (Gallus gallus domesticus) litter may have long-lasting plant growth benefits after application is terminated. This study determined residual effects of pelletized litter applied to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) on yield and nutrient utilization of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Treatments were replicated three times. Treatments included pelletized broiler litter subsurface banded to cotton at the rate of 6.7 Mg ha–¹, urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN solution) injected at the rate of 134 kg N ha–¹ and unfertilized control in three previous years (2008–2010). Soybean planted in 2011, 2012, and 2013, and provided no additional litter or fertilizer. Soybean height was determined at 28, 42, 56, 71, 86, 102, and 115 d after planting. Total aboveground biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and plant nutrient concentrations were determined at growth stage R5. Soybean yield and plant nutrient concentrations were greater in pelletized litter than fertilizer N treatments. Soybean plants in plots received pelletized litter were significantly (P < 0.05) taller and had greater leaf area than the fertilizer N and control plots. Total aboveground biomass at R5 did not differ between pelletized litter and fertilizer N treatments; however grain yield was greatest for residual litter treatment. In 2011, soybean grain yield and grain N, P, and K uptake were significantly greater in plots received pelletized litter, as compared with fertilizer N and control plots. Residual effects of pelletized broiler litter in cotton increased soybean production for 1 yr and influenced soil fertility for several years beyond the year of application.
A distributed snooping algorithm for pixel merging

Previous pixel-merging algorithms have required special-purpose networks, and use more network bandwidth than is necessary. We developed an algorithm that merges pixels on shared-memory bus multiprocessors, using an existing bus. Analysis and simulations suggest that it uses less bus bandwidth than other algorithms. We based our algorithm on the snooping cache-coherency protocols on which a number of shared-memory multiprocessors have been based. In these architectures, each processor keeps its cache consistent with other processors' memories by listening (snooping) on a shared bus over which memory updates are written. Snooping maintains consistent globally shared memory. This algorithm assists graphics rendering by letting processors compare pixel values and delete those pixels that do not contribute to the final image. This reduces network bandwidth requirements and eliminates the need for a special-purpose network. >
Neutralization of heparin by histone and its subfractions

Abstract The neutralization of heparin by histone and its subfractions has been systematically studied by measuring the effect of heparin on the esterolytic and proteolytic activity of thrombin. These results were compared with protamine sulfate, a most commonly used heparin-neutralizing agent. This study reveals that potencies of different fractions of histone are not similar. The antiheparin potency is in the order: lysinerich histone > crude histone > arginine-rich histone. Histone binds strongly to heparin - Sepharose gel. The ability of histone to bind heparin can be utilized to fractionate heparin. By affinity chromatography on histone - Sepharose gel commercial heparin has been fractionated into components having a wide range of anticoagulant activities. The highest activity fraction, eluted around 1.0 NaCl, has 66 % higher anticoagulant activity than the commercial heparin used.
Generalized Seizure Discharges and Possible Precipitating Mechanisms

SUMMARY There is evidence that generalized (centrencephalic) seizure discharges in the human EEG are enhanced in drowsiness and especially in light sleep. Such generalized paroxysmal bursts are associated with K-complexes. It is reasonable to presume that changes in the level of awareness may act as triggering factors. RESUME Il a ete demontre que les decharges critiques generalisees(centrencepha1iques) recueillies sur l'EEG humain sont augmentees pendant l'endormissement et notamment pendant le sommeil leger. De telles decharges paroxystiques generalisees sont associees a des K-complexes. Il est possible de presumer que des modifications du niveau d'eveil peuvent agir comme facteur declenchant.
Short duration waveforms recorded extracellularly from freely moving rats are representative of axonal activity.

While extracellular somatic action potentials from freely moving rats have been well characterized, axonal activity has not. We report direct extracellular tetrode recordings of putative axons whose principal feature is a short duration waveform (SDW) with an average peak-trough length less than 179 μs. While SDW recordings using tetrodes have previously been treated as questionable or classified as cells, we hypothesize that they are representative of axonal activity. These waveforms have significantly shorter duration than somatic action potentials, are triphasic and are therefore similar to classic descriptions of microlelectrode recordings in white matter and of in vitro action potential propagation along axons. We describe SDWs recorded from pure white-matter tracts including the alveus and corpus callosum. Recordings of several SDWs in the alveus exhibit grid-like firing patterns suggesting these axons carry spatial information from entorhinal cortical neurons. Finally, we locally injected the GABAA agonist Muscimol into layer CA1 of the hippocampus while simultaneously recording somatic activity and SDWs on the same tetrodes. The persistent activity of SDWs during Muscimol inactivation of somatic action potentials indicates that SDWs are representative of action potential propagation along axons projecting from more distal somata. This characterization is important as it illustrates the dangers of exclusively using spike duration as the sole determinant of unit type, particularly in the case of interneurons whose peak-trough times overlap with SDWs. It may also allow future studies to explore how axonal projections from disparate brain regions integrate spatial information in the hippocampus, and provide a basis for studying the effects of pharmaceutical agents on signal transmission in axons, and ultimately to aid in defining the potential role of axons in cognition.
Development and validation of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire.

Purpose To create a questionnaire focused on the primary activities impaired by tinnitus and therefore more sensitive to treatments. Method Questions were developed on (a) emotions, (b) hearing, (c...
Descriptions of Two New Species from Euura Galls and Redescriptions of Three Ashmead Species of the Genus Eurytoma (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae)

New species described are Eurytoma salicisaquatica and E. salicigalla from stem galls of Euura lasiolepis E. L. Smith, E. lemmoniae E. L. Smith, and E. exiguae E. L. Smith on Salix lasiolepis, S. lemmonii , and S. exigua from California. The 3 Ashmead species redescribed are Eurytoma cleri, E. tomici , and E. phloeotribi .
104: Heme oxygenase in human myometrial cells and tissue

MARTIN SLODZINSKI, Johns Hopkins University, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland OBJECTIVE: Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) has been extensively studied as an inducible stress response protein essential to heme metabolism. HO-1 may also be present in other systemic tissues and may in fact be inducible by non-heme substrates such as heavy metals, endotoxin, heat shock, inflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandins. Little is known regarding HO-1 and human myometrium. We postulate that HO-1 is critical for myometrial homeostasis and is instrumental in maintaining gravid uterine quiescence. STUDY DESIGN: With IRB approval, human myometrial tissue was obtained from the lower uterine segment of pregnant women undergoing cesarean delivery for pre-term and term labor. A western blot analysis was performed using polyclonal rabbit antibody (1:2000) to identify the presence of HO-1. Ratiometric imaging of intracellular calcium and isometric myometrial tissue force were measured in response to oxytocin and the competitive HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (PPN-9) and bilirubin. RESULTS: HO-1 is expressed in term and preterm human myometrial tissue. In primary cultured human myocytes, PPN-9 (10uM, 5minutes) inhibition of HO-1 irreversibly increased intracellular calcium. This increase was prevented if bilirubin (100uM) was applied with the PPN-9. In isometric myometrial contractions, PPN-9 (1nM)increased the amplitude and rate of contraction compared with controls. H202 (10uM-1mM) increased the amplitude of contraction in the PPN-9 more than the control tissue. Bilirubin partially abolished the H202 increase in amplitude. CONCLUSION: While extensive research has been performed regarding the function of HO-1 in heme degradation, HO-1 physiology is unexplored in human myometrium. Our investigation demonstrates that HO-1 is present within gravid myometrium and influences myometrial intracellular calcium homeostasis and myometrial tissue contractibility.
Active-site specificity of digestive aspartic peptidases from the four species of Plasmodium that infect humans using chromogenic combinatorial peptide libraries.

Two targeted chromogenic octapeptide combinatorial libraries, comprised of 38 pools each containing 361 different peptides, were used to analyze the enzyme/substrate interactions of five plasmepsins. The first library (P1 library) was based on a good synthetic aspartic peptidase substrate (Westling, J., Cipullo, P., Hung, S. H., Saft, H., Dame, J. B., and Dunn, B. M. (1999) Protein Sci. 8, 2001-2009; Scarborough, P. E., and Dunn, B. M. (1994) Protein Eng. 7, 495-502) and had the sequence Lys-Pro-(Xaa)-Glu-P1*Nph-(Xaa)-Leu. The second library (P1' library) incorporated results with the plasmepsins from the first library and had the sequence Lys-Pro-Ile-(Xaa)-Nph*P1'-Gln-(Xaa). In both cases, P1 and P1' were fixed residues for a given peptide pool, where Nph was a para-nitrophenylalanine chromogenic reporter and Xaa was a mixture of 19 different amino acids. Kinetic assays monitoring the rates of cleavage of these libraries revealed the optimal P1 and P1' residues for the five plasmepsins as hydrophobic substitutions. Extended specificity preferences were obtained utilizing liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to analyze the cleavage products produced by enzyme-catalyzed digestion of the best pools of each peptide library. LC-MS analysis of the P1-Phe and P1'-Phe pools revealed the favored amino acids at the P3, P2, P2', and P3' positions. These analyses have provided new insights on the binding preferences of malarial digestive enzymes that were used to design specific methyleneamino peptidomimetic inhibitors of the plasmepsins. Some of these compounds were potent inhibitors of the five plasmepsins, and their possible binding modes were analyzed by computational methods.
Microsatellite loci in the Propertius duskywing, Erynnis propertius (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), and related species

Fifteen polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci were characterized for Erynnis propertius using an enrichment protocol. The number of alleles varied from nine to 28 for a sample of 24 individuals. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.25 to 0.96. Homozygote excess was detected for 10 loci. Twelve markers successfully amplified in related Erynnis species and eight loci were polymorphic in at least one other species.
“A Different Kind of Man” Mediated Transgendered Subjectivity, Chaz Bono on Dancing With the Stars

Chaz Bono’s appearance on Dancing with the Stars (DWTS) marks one of the first primetime, network appearances of a postoperative transgender person. This article deconstructs the mediated gender subjectivities of Bono as constructed by the show itself via prerecorded segments, costume and song choices, dance partner interaction, and judges’ commentaries as well as those projected by Bono during the live, unscripted portions of the show. Combining notions of the normalization of taboo sexual subjectivities through mediated contexts with lens of gender performativity, we demonstrate how transgender subjectivities are presented to a mainstream audience via such mediated choices, but also how Bono welds some agency to resist such normalization through his live performances. Bono’s appearance on DWTS stands as an important step toward acceptance of transgendered persons in mainstream society, however through a neutered, sexfree rhetoric as projected by the mediated portions of the show, his appearance is not without controversy. Additionally, we posit that Bono represents a transnormativity of a White, upper-class postoperative heterosexual male, which others all transgendered persons who fall outside of those hegemonic parallels of safe subjectivities.
Salt-Sensitive Hypertension: Food for Thought

See related article, pp 447–455 Epidemiological studies demonstrating an increase in cardiovascular disease in adult children born of women who suffered nutritional privation during World War II led to many subsequent studies, demonstrating that diverse conditions leading to intrauterine growth retardation had similar effects on cardiovascular disease including hypertension.1 Relatively mild maternal protein deficiency leads to abnormal nephron structure and dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin II–aldosterone system.2,3 The report in this issue, by Geurts et al4 builds on the finding that a protein-sufficient casein-based diet significantly increases the degree of salt-induced hypertension and renal damage in the inbred Dahl Salt-Sensitive rat strains SS/Mcw when compared with SS/Crl fed a grain-based diet with similar proportions of protein, fat, and carbohydrates.5 SS/Mcw rats were derived from Dahl SS/Jr rats purchased from Harlan Sprague Dawley Laboratories and maintained by brother-sister mating at the Medical College of Wisconsin since 1991, where they were fed a purified diet using casein as the protein source. SS/Crl rats were derived from SS/Mcw given to Charles River Laboratories in 2001 and fed a grain-based diet. In the present study, progeny of 4-way embryo transfers between SS/Mcw and SS/Crl dams fed their usual diets, progeny of parental strains on their usual diets, and SS/Crl rats after 1 generation of the purified casein-based diet were studied with or without 3 weeks on a high casein-based diet. Blood pressure, albuminuria, renal histopathology, and transcriptome …