cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accounting for EBR-II Metallic Waste Form Degradation in TSPA

A metallic waste form (MWF) will be used to immobilize cladding hulls from spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel rods. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine if the HLW glass degradation rate model used in Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) calculations can be used as an upper bound for the degradation rate of the MWF. Static tests were conducted with monolithic MWF samples in pH buffer solutions to measure the degradation rates at 50, 70, and 90°C. The measured degradation rates of the MWF were compared to the rates calculated with the HLW glass degradation model. The degradation rates were calculated as the product of the specific dissolution rates and the anticipated exposed surface areas of glass and MWF in a breeched canister. This comparison showed that the rate calculated using the HLW glass degradation model bounds the rates measured for the MWF at all pH values and temperatures. These results support the potential use of HLW glass as a surrogate for MWF degradation for the purpose of performance assessment.
Effect of Regeneration Blastema Auto-transplantation on Subsequent Regeneration in Triturus (Dienyctylus) virdescens

Effect of Regeneration Blastema Auto-transplantation on Subsequent Regeneration in Triturus (Dienyctylus) virdescens
Perfluoroalkylation of Polyurethane Membranes and Their Surface Characteristics

Two fluoroalkylating agents, 2-aminomethyl-1,1,2,3,3,4,4-H-perfluorodo- decanol and perfluorodecanoic acid, were used to modify the surfaces of polyurethane membranes and their fluoroalkylation efficiencies were compared. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that all the modified samples contained fluorine and that the amino alcohol-treated polyurethane had a slightly higher surface fluorine content than the perfluorodecanoic acid-treated one. Both the modifier concentration and the treatment time had no significant effect on the amount of fluorine incorporated. Evidence for fluorine incorporation was also provided by reflection infrared spectroscopy. Contact angle measurements indicated that the modified microporous membranes were both water- and oil-repellent and may, therefore, be used in protective clothing applications where good liquid barrier properties are desirable.
Water-flow sensitive pedal neurons in Tritonia: role in rheotaxis

We have identified 13 pairs of neurons in the pedal ganglia of the marine nudibranch slug Tritonia diomedea that responded tonically and/or phasically to water-flow directed at the rhinophore sheaths and oral veil tips. Most of the neurons responded equally to inputs from either side of the body, but 6 pairs responded with greater intensity to ipsilateral water-flow stimuli. When stimulated intracellularly in a semi-intact, whole-animal preparation, 4 of these 6 pairs of neurons caused ipsilateral movements that may turn the animal towards that side. These observations suggest a role for these current-sensitive neurons in the previously described orientation to water-currents in Tritonia diomedea.
Thio-sugars VII. Effect of 3-deoxy-4-S-(β-d-gluco- and β-d-galactopyranosyl)-4-thiodisaccharides and their sulfoxides and sulfones on the viability and growth of selected murine and human tumor cell lines

Abstract The first conversion of (1 → 4)-thiodisaccharides into corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones by conventional oxidation with m -chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) is reported. The effects of α-(1 → 4)-3′-deoxythiodisaccharides ( 8 – 9 ) and their sulfoxide ( 14 – 15 ) and sulfone ( 16 – 17 ) derivatives on murine leukemia and human colon and pancreatic carcinoma cell viability were studied. Concentrations of thio-sugars that decreased tumor cell line viability by 50% (IC 50 ), measured via the MTT assay, ranged from 6.4 to 38.3 μg/mL. The effect of α-(1→4)-3′-deoxythiodisaccharide derivatives were most profound on human pancreatic epithelial carcinoma (PANC-1) cells with compounds 8 and 9 having IC 50 values of 6.4 μg/mL and 8.2 μg/mL, respectively. Sulfone derivatives 16 and 17 also had pronounced effects on PANC-1 cell viability (IC 50 =10.2 μg/mL and 9.6 μg/mL, respectively). These results indicate that deoxythio-disaccharide analogs generated by functionalization of the universal chiral precursor levoglucosenone may have cytotoxic properties and therapeutic potential as anticancer agents.
A cross-layer routing protocol (CLRP) for cognitive radio network

Routing in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) necessitates a cross-layering approach. However, according to [1], CRN routing protocols proposed in literature are partially cross-layer, because the information flow is only from physical layer to network layer, e.g., about channels availabilities. In this work, we introduce a cross-layer routing protocol (CLRP), which considers both the channels that are known to be available at each node, as well as other channels that may be available. The availabilities of the latter channels are considered using a stochastic approach. CLRP computes an end to end path, and feeds the physical layer with information about which channels to sense and which nodes should perform the sensing, such that the expected route quality is enhanced. Simulation results show that CLRP outperforms other cross-layer routing protocols in terms of throughput and stability of the path being setup, and increases the probability of finding an end-to-end path.
Cultural relevance: hip-hop music as a bridge to the digital divide

America faces a real challenge to its position as a global leader in information technology, which impacts the preparedness of the national workforce. The 21/sup st/ century worker is facing a dynamic environment, where knowledge, speed, and technical proficiency will determine the "haves" and the "have nots". This lack of technology proficiency has produced a "digital divide" for many underrepresented groups. This paper proposes to use a medium that is culturally relevant to inner-city youth-hip-hop music-to increase information technology awareness and acceptance, fostering use of resources that offer wealth-creation in an Internet-based economy.
AFLP-Based detection of DNA methylation

By using the isoschizomersHpa II andMsp I which display differential sensitivity to cytosine methylation, a modified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique has been developed to investigate DNA methylation profiles in eukaryotic organims. Genomic DNA was digested with a mixture ofEcoR I and one of the isoschizomers, and ligated to oligonucleotide adapters. After two rounds of selective PCR amplification, followed by DNA separation on a Long Ranger gel electrophoresis, a subset of restriction fragments can be displayed on an X-ray film. Comparison of AFLP banding patterns betweenHpa II andMsp I revealed the extent of DNA methylation. The technique has been successfully applied in this study to investigate DNA methylation profiles of apple (Malus domestica cv. Gala) genomic DNA extracted from leaves of field-grown adult trees andin vitro-grown shoot cultures. The results showed that up to 25 percent of AFLP bands were derived from methylated sequences, and among those, a few bands unique to either adult trees orin vitro shoots were observed. These results demonstrated that this protocol is effective in identifying methylated DNA profiles.
0059 Driver education classes for parents of junior operators in massachusetts: an evaluative audit

Statement of purpose Massachusetts enacted a Junior Operators License (JOL) Law in 1998 and added several enhanced requirements in 2007. One of those requirements was an increased requirement that parents take a JOL class. MA has seen a marked improvement in JOL injury rates since the 2007 upgrade. The age group still has the highest rate of ED visits per 10,000 licensed drivers. Predicated on evidence that parental involvement improves outcomes for novice teen drivers, MA DPH partnered with MassDOT/Registry of Motor Vehicles and the Harvard Injury Control and Research Centre to undertake an evaluative audit of Parent JOL classes. Methods/Approach A convenience sample of 18 driving school parent classes was chosen. Schools were chosen from different parts of the state, form richer and poorer communities, and from urban/suburban/rural settings. The evaluation of each class was performed in two parts: an audit/evaluation of the class itself and a 12 question post-test for parents at the end of the class. This work was performed from February 2013 to March 2014. Results The class audits found wide variation in teaching styles and in information imparted about the JOL law. A total of 352 parent post tests were administered. Correlation between “quality” of class and post test scores was not strong. Many parents were confused about the JOL restrictions. Conclusions A report with recommendations was produced as a result of the evaluative audit and delivered to the RMV leadership. Recommendations made fell under one of several categories: training teachers; standardising materials used in classes and specifying content for inclusion in classes. Based on this evaluative audit the RMV has decided to explore strengthening the Parent class outline, making it a more prescriptive curriculum Significance and contribution to the field The findings provide valuable information for prevention efforts in other states as many states are considering instituting parent requirements for their JOL laws.
Direct profiling of the yeast dynamics in wine fermentations.

We present a method to directly characterize the yeast diversity present in wine fermentations by employing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 26S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. PCR-DGGE of a portion of the 26S rRNA gene was shown to distinguish most yeast genera associated with the production of wine. With this method the microbial dynamics in several model wine fermentations were profiled. PCR-DGGE provided a qualitative assessment of the yeast diversity in these fermentations accurately identifying populations as low as 1000 cells ml−1. PCR-DGGE represents an attractive alternative to traditional plating schemes for analysis of the microbial successions inherent in the fermentation of wine.
A polyaniline-based optical biosensing platform using an entrapped oxidoreductase enzyme

A novel optical biosensing platform utilizing the unique solubility and chemochromic properties of polyaniline is presented. A facile, ion-induced reprecipitation method leads to the entrapment of a chosen oxidoreductase enzyme, which, in the presence of its associated substrate, catalyzes a reversible redox change in the host polymer. This change is monitored via the UV–vis absorption and subsequently analyzed to fit a Michaelis–Menten model. Here, in vitro prototype devices demonstrate selective sensing of glucose, choline, and uric acid, and the potential to be adapted for use as part of real-time in vivo monitoring systems is discussed. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Analog CMOS implementation of high frequency least-mean square error learning circuit

A continuous-time analog CMOS circuit implementing the least mean square (LMS) adaptive learning algorithm demonstrates a frequency of operation of 80MHz, an adaptivity of 60dB, a minimum notch width of 25KHz, a minimum adapt time constant of 20/spl mu/s, and the simultaneous cancellation of two CW interferers. This frequency of operation is more than an order-of-magnitude greater than that reported for previous integrated analog learning processors. This paper as also describes the first use of an auto-zero circuit to cancel offset voltages of both the integrator and multiplier circuits used for weight learning. The use of the auto zero circuit results in a 20dB higher adaptivity than obtained by previous analog adaptive processors. The high frequency learning circuitry has a number of potential applications for both conventional and neural network signal processing, especially for communication applications.
Muscle sympathetic nerve activity during cold stress and isometric exercise in healthy older adults

Cardiovascular mortality increases in cold weather in older adults, and physical activity may impart even greater cardiovascular risk than cold exposure alone. Human aging is associated with exagge...
Outcomes of religious and spiritual adaptations to psychotherapy: A meta-analytic review

Abstract The use of spiritually oriented psychotherapies has increased dramatically during the past decade. This article reports a meta-analysis of 31 outcome studies of spiritual therapies conducted from 1984 to 2005 with clients suffering from a variety of psychological problems. Across the 31 studies, the random-effects weighted average effect size was 0.56. This finding provides some empirical evidence that spiritually oriented psychotherapy approaches may be beneficial to individuals with certain psychological problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, stress, eating disorders). Recommendations for future research in this domain are offered.
Watershed Sediment Yield Reduction through Soil Conservation in a West-Central Oklahoma Watershed

Soil conservation practices on the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed in West-Central Oklahoma were limited before the 1950s. However, extensive soil conservation measures were implemented in the second half of the 20 th century to protect agriculturally fertile but erosionprone soils. Fortuitously, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected instantaneous suspended-sediment and discharge measurements on major tributaries within the watershed in 1943-1948 and again in 2004-2007, called pre- and post-conservation periods. These measurements offered the opportunity to compare channel suspended-sediment yield before and after implementation of conservation practices. With these measurements, a separate suspended sediment-discharge rating curve was developed for each the pre- and post-conservation period. Average annual suspended-sediment yield at a U.S. Geological Survey gauging station near the watershed outlet was estimated by evaluating each sediment-discharge rating curve with the 18year long daily discharge record at that gauging station. Average annual suspended-sediment yield was estimated to be 760 [Mg/yr/km 2 ] and 108 [Mg/yr/km 2 ] for the pre- and postconservation periods, respectively. The substantial reduction in suspended-sediment yield was related to land use and management changes and the wide range of conservation practices implemented in the second half of the 20 th century. Even though it generally is difficult to identify impacts of upstream conservation practices on sediment yield at the watershed outlet during the short time span of a particular conservation project, targeted and widespread conservation efforts in the Fort Cobb Reservoir watershed have led, over 60 years, to a sizable and measurable reduction in watershed sediment yield.
Excitotoxicity and alcohol-related brain damage

Hyperexcitability following chronic alcohol exposure appears to result in enhanced activation of glutamatergic synapses in the brain. This enhanced glutamatergic transmission probably results from a combination of increased NMDA receptor activation, decreased GABAA receptor activation and increased function of voltage-activated calcium channels. Prolonged or repetitive bouts of enhanced excitatory transmission during withdrawal may destroy central neurons via "excitotoxic" mechanisms. Increased NMDA receptor activation might initiate toxicity by increasing intracellular calcium. Summation of these effects with increased intracellular calcium from voltage-activated channels might promote disinhibition and enhance cellular damage. Recent studies suggest that NMDA receptor-initiated excitotoxicity may result from thiamine deficiency. Alterations in neurotransmitter levels and receptor function during alcohol-related thiamine deficiency may contribute to this neuropathology. Thus, excitotoxic damage due to neural compensation for sustained alcohol levels and nutritional deficits may underlie aspects of alcohol-related brain damage.
Quantifying the Effect of Pressure Sensitive Paint On Aerodynamic Data

A thin pressure sensitive paint (PSP) coating can slightly modify the overall shape of a wind-tunnel model and produce surface roughness or smoothness that does not exist on the unpainted model. These undesirable changes in model geometry may alter flow over the model, and affect the pressure distribution and aerodynamic forces and moments on the model. This study quantifies the effects of PSP on three models in low-speed, transonic and supersonic flow regimes. At a 95% confidence level, the PSP effects on the integrated forces are insignificant for a slender arrow-wing-fuselage model and delta wing model with two different paints at Mach 0.2, 1.8, and 2.16 relative to the total balance accuracy limit. The data displayed a repeatability of 2.5 drag counts, while the balance accuracy limit was about 5.5 drag counts. At transonic speeds, the paint has a localized effect at high angles of attack and has a resolvable effect on the normal force, which is significant relative to the balance accuracy limit. For low speeds, the PSP coating has a localized effect on the pressure tap measurements, which leads to an appreciable decrease in the pressure tap reading. Moreover, the force and moment measurements had a poor precision, which precluded the ability to measure the PSP effect for this particular test.
Lipoblastoma and lipoblastomatosis in infancy and childhood: histopathologic, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic features.

Lipoblastoma is a relatively rare tumor that occurs in infancy and early childhood and arises from embryonic white fat. Although a benign tumor, lipoblastomas tend to recur and may resemble myxoid liposarcoma. The authors report 26 cases over a 15-year period at Texas Children's Hospital. There was a slight female predilection (14F:12M). The most common symptom was a painless mass with or without increasing size. The trunk, extremities, head and neck, retroperitoneum, inguinal canal, peritoneal cavity, and lung were the tumor sites. Most tumors were circumscribed lipoblastomas and the minority were diffuse infiltrative lipoblastomatosis. Reexcision for residual or recurrent tumor was necessary more frequently in patients with lipoblastomatosis. Histopathologic examination and ultrastructural examination revealed cellular neoplasms composed of immature adipocytes with relatively well-defined septa, frequent lipoblasts, a fine vascular network, and often a myxoid appearance resembling myxoid liposarcoma. Cy...
Policy Without Politics: The Limits of Social Engineering

The extent of coverage provided by a country's health services is directly related to the level of development of that country's democratic process (and its power relations). The United States is the only developed country whose government does not guarantee access to health care for its citizens. It is also the developed country with the least representative and most insufficient democratic institutions, owing to the constitutional framework of the political system, the privatization of the electoral process, and the enormous power of corporate interests in both the media and the political process. As international experience shows, without a strong labor-based movement willing to be radical in its protests, a universal health care program will never be accepted by the US establishment.
Experimental results of subband acoustic echo cancelers under spherically invariant random processes

The subband adaptive filter system has been applied to the acoustic echo cancellation problem in order to overcome the problems of slow convergence due to spectrally dynamic input and high computational costs associated with a single, long adaptive filter. Research into the convergence characteristics of subband acoustic echo cancelers (AECs) have either used Gaussian white noise, USASI noise (as an approximation for speech signals), or short term speech signals. Research in the statistical modeling of speech signals using spherically invariant random processes (SIRPs) and analyses of LMS and NLMS algorithms under SIRPs has led to a better understanding of adaptive filter performance under more realistic input in the context of AEC. We present experimental results using a subband AEC under SIRP input. These results yield a better understanding of the performance in actual acoustic echo cancellation applications and highlight the benefits of subband techniques.
Optical characterization of water masses within the Columbia River plume

[1] The Columbia River plume (CRP) is a buoyant plume that influences the Oregon and Washington shelf with the delivery of freshwater, silicic acid, trace metals, and particulate and dissolved organic matter. The highly dynamic plume contains submesoscale features that have an impact on the chemistry, biology, and transport of water and material offshore. Bio-optical classification of the larger plume water mass has confirmed seasonal and annual flow patterns but has not described the internal structure of the plume in a biogeochemically relevant way, as there were no in situ data to validate classification. The objectives of this study were to define water types statistically within the CRP using in situ measurements of biogeochemically and bio-optically relevant variables, to build a training data set from these water types, and to apply this training data set to 250 m resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua imagery from an oceanographically downwelling and upwelling period to predictively discriminate water masses within the plume. This study's classification technique was effective at predicting water types in the CRP. The three-variable input matrix (temperature, salinity, and chlorophyllafluorescence) performed better than the two-variable input matrix (temperature and salinity) at distinguishing fine-scale structure within the plume at the river mouth. Retentive features such as the plume bulge and eddies were observed at the river mouth and on the Washington shelf. This classification approach was limited to the available continuous variables measured by shipboard, mooring, and satellite sensors. Two new classification methods are proposed that build on the framework of the classifier described here.
Plasmids Responsible for Horizontal Transfer of Naphthalene Catabolism Genes between Bacteria at a Coal Tar-Contaminated Site Are Homologous to pDTG1 from Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816-4

The presence of a highly conserved nahAc allele among phylogenetically diverse bacteria carrying naphthalene-catabolic plasmids provided evidence for in situ horizontal gene transfer at a coal tar-contaminated site (J. B. Herrick, K. G. Stuart-Keil, W. C. Ghiorse, and E. L. Madsen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:2330-2337, 1997). The objective of the present study was to identify and characterize the different-sized naphthalene-catabolic plasmids in order to determine the probable mechanism of horizontal transfer of the nahAc gene in situ. Filter matings between naphthalene-degrading bacterial isolates and their cured progeny revealed that the naphthalene-catabolic plasmids were self-transmissible. Limited interstrain transfer was also found. Analysis of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns indicated that catabolic plasmids from 12 site-derived isolates were closely related to each other and to the naphthalene-catabolic plasmid (pDTG1) of Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816-4, which was isolated decades ago in Bangor, Wales. The similarity among all site-derived naphthalene-catabolic plasmids and pDTG1 was confirmed by using the entire pDTG1 plasmid as a probe in Southern hybridizations. Two distinct but similar naphthalene-catabolic plasmids were retrieved directly from the microbial community indigenous to the contaminated site in a filter mating by using a cured, rifampin-resistant site-derived isolate as the recipient. RFLP patterns and Southern hybridization showed that both of these newly retrieved plasmids, like the isolate-derived plasmids, were closely related to pDTG1. These data indicate that a pDTG1-like plasmid is the mobile genetic element responsible for transferring naphthalene-catabolic genes among bacteria in situ. The pervasiveness and persistence of this naphthalene-catabolic plasmid suggest that it may have played a role in the adaptation of this microbial community to the coal tar contamination at our study site.
Analytical up-scaling of small-scale permeability using a full tensor

An analytical method is developed to calculate an effective permeability tensor for a grid block by accounting for small-scale heterogeneity within the grid block. The method honours both the location and the orientation of the smallscale heterogeneity. Effective permeability tensors calculated using the analytical method and a numerical method show excellent agreement. Single phase flow simulations show that the effective permeability tensor method outperforms nontensor scale-up techniques in predicting the fluid flow distances in cases of general permeability anisotropy. The tensor method was also applied to two-phase flow simulations and it was shown that it retains the directionality in preferential flow paths after up-scaling.
Prospective Elementary Teachers’ Understanding of Order of Operations

This study investigates how well 381 prospective elementary, early childhood, and special education majors solved four arithmetic problems that required using the order of operations. Self-reported data show these students to be relatively able mathematically and confident in their ability, with no substantial dislike of mathematics. The percentage of answers that were incorrectthat is attributable to order of operations ranged from 21.7% to 78.5%. Overall, fewer than half the subjects answered more than two questions correctly. Of those subjects who performed multiplication before addition, which indicates some knowledge of order of operations, 30.9% performed addition before subtraction and 38.0% performed multiplication before division rather than from left to right, which suggests that instead of using the correct order of operations, these students used the common mnemonic PEMDAS or “Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally “literally, performing multiplicationbefore division and performing addition before subtraction, rather than from left-to-right. Furthermore, 78.5% of subjects used the incorrect order of operations to compute −32.
Artistic Networks: From Effect to Affect and its Translation

This article identifies what the recognition of forms of collaboration in the mail art network suggests to us today about a distribution of experiences. This was not fixed only in objects, but in exchanges of moments, affections, preoccupations, political positions and collective desires, that were anticipated as episodes of correspondence through a “Collectionism of place” and an estrangement of what circulates. The action of receiving remains implicit the act of sending, and also considers the translation of object or letter received as crucial. For any cultural exchange, translation is vital to activate the content and its significance in the new scenario where the contents of the letter are displayed.
Iliopsoas tendinitis after total hip arthroplasty

Determination of the cause of groin pain after total hip arthroplasty can be difficult. The case of a patient with an unusual cause of groin pain after total hip arthroplasty, iliopsoas tendinitis, is presented. The patient failed nonoperative treatment and underwent surgical release of the iliopsoas tendon with complete resolution of symptoms.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Control and Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Treated Hypertensive Subjects.

Blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients is crucial for reducing the risk of heart failure development and may be particularly important in elderly subjects, who have an especially high prevalence of hypertension and risk of heart failure [(1)][1]. Left ventricular (LV) global
From the Enclave to the City: The Economic Benefits of Immigrant Flexibility

While much attention has been paid to the entrepreneurial “base” of the ethnic economy, the enclave is primarily composed of thousands of hourly employees working in small co-ethnic or multi-ethnic immigrant firms. The US economy benefits from over 10 billion dollars in taxed income and wages from immigrants whose social security numbers do not match up with their employee tax identification numbers. Multiple mismatches and misinformation about immigrants (from an economic, cultural, and political standpoint) demonstrate the need to understand the unique potential of immigrant communities in facilitating urban growth. Koreatown in Los Angeles, an ethnic enclave economy that is also a central business district for many immigrant workers, is one emergent example of new types of flexibility around citizenship status and semi-formal jobs as they are negotiated on a daily basis in the neighbourhood. Previous studies of the ethnic enclave have maintained that there is a singular importance to the co-ethnic netw...
Moshe Prager's Holocaust historicism: concrete data, inner faith and myth

ABSTRACTMoshe Prager was the earliest historiographer of the Holocaust. He dedicated his life's work to probing into its abyss to contribute to the future revival of the Jewish people. Later scholars of the Holocaust were engaged either in standard empirical historical research, hagiography, or the catastrophe's mythic layer. Prager acted as an objective historian concerned with Jewish physical existence; with the hagiographer's ahistorical religious concerns and with the historian of religion's attention to metahistorical issues of moral dichotomy and religious practice. Prager held that the Holocaust changed the direction of Jewish history, and therefore addressed all three dimensions.
Mapping of IS1 elements flanking the argF gene region on the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome.

Two directly-repeated IS1 elments have been mapped on the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome at positions 23.2 kb and 34.5 kb counterclockwise of the IS3 element α3β3 by using F-prime plasmids (including the F lac- proAB+ plasmid F128) that carry different portions of the bacterial chromosome in the purE to proA region. Mapping was accomplished in part by construction of EcoRI, BamHI, and BglII restriction enzyme cleavage maps. Electron microscope heteroduplex and hybridization studies indicate that the chromosomal region flanked by these IS1 elements is completely homologous to the IS1-argF-IS1 region (Tn2901) on the P1argF5 transducing phage (York and Stodolsky, 1981), which suggests that the argF gene region in the usual E. coli K-12 strains has a transposon-like structure.
Abstract 1306: p63 functions as an essential oncogene in squamous cell carcinomain vivoand is required for tumor maintenance

Transcription factors mediate diverse functions in normal development and tumorigenesis. The p53-related transcription factor p63 (TP63) plays an essential role in development of stratified epithelial tissues, as germline loss of p63 leads to abnormal proliferation and differentiation of ectoderm-derived precursors. The role of p63 in human cancer, however, is controversial. Loss of p63 is associated with neoplastic progression in some animal models and in a subset of human tumors. Nevertheless, p63 is rarely targeted for somatic mutational inactivation and is indeed overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), where is has been postulated to function either as a key tumor maintenance factor or as a lineage marker not essential to the malignant process. Here, we show that SCCs are profoundly dependent on p63 expression in vivo, and we identify a key, therapeutically relevant pathway through which p63 mediates tumor maintenance. Conditional genetic ablation of p63 in an endogenous SCC model induces rapid and dramatic tumor regression owing to apoptosis of p63-expressing cells. We identify the FGFR2 oncogene as a direct transcriptional target of p63 that signals through AKT to mediate survival of SCC cells. Finally, we employ the clinical FGFR2 inhibitor AZD4547 to demonstrate the potential therapeutic effect of extinguishing FGFR2 signaling in p63-expressing SCCs. These results define p63 as a key tumor maintenance factor through regulation of FGFR2 signaling in SCC. More broadly, this demonstrates the potential for targeting oncogenic transcription factor pathways in tumors such as SCC that rarely exhibit somatic oncogene-activating mutations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1306. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1306
Recycled Paper Products as Broiler Litter

Abstract The suitability of three types of recycled paper products for use as broiler litter was studied in three trials using a total of 9,600 broilers. Litter, consisting of hardwood sawdust (SD) as a control, shredded newspaper (SN), processed newspaper (PN), or processed cardboard (PC), was placed in each of four replicate pens in the first trial and reused in subsequent trials. Body weights at 28 and 49 days were significantly influenced by treatment with broilers reared on SN weighing more than SD controls. Broilers on PC were the lightest. Statistically, the PN broilers were heavier than SD broilers at 28 days but similar to controls by market age. Feed conversion was improved with SN at 28 days but did not differ by 49 days. Mortality was not significantly affected by litter material. The moisture content of paper litters was numerically higher than that of the SD control with significantly greater litter caking occurring in the paper litters. However, only broilers on PC had a greater incidence of breast blisters. Overall and total disease condemnation were not influenced by litter material. Skin color scores were improved with the PN treatment.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution over Supported Small Amorphous Ni–Fe Nanoparticles in Alkaline Electrolyte

The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a critical anode reaction often coupled with electron or photoelectron CO2 reduction and H2 evolution reactions at the cathode for renewable energy conversion and storage. However, the sluggish OER kinetics and the utilization of precious metal catalysts are key obstacles in the broad deployment of these energy technologies. Herein, inexpensive supported 4 nm Ni–Fe nanoparticles (NiyFe1–yOx/C) featuring amorphous structures have been prepared via a solution-phase nanocapsule method for active and durable OER electrocatalysts in alkaline electrolyte. The Ni–Fe nanoparticle catalyst containing 31% Fe (Ni0.69Fe0.31Ox/C) shows the highest activity, exhibiting a 280 mV overpotential at 10 mA cm–2 (equivalent to 10% efficiency of solar-to-fuel conversion) and a Tafel slope of 30 mV dec–1 in 1.0 M KOH solution. The achieved OER activity outperforms NiOx/C and commercial Ir/C catalysts and is close to the highest performance of crystalline Ni–Fe thin films r...
Fracture characteristics and main controlling factors of Xujiahe Formation reservoir in YB Area, northeastern Sichuan Basin

The reservoir of Xujiahe Formation in YB Area of northeast Sichuan Basin is the tight sandstone reservoir characterized by low porosity and low permeability. However, the existence of fractures greatly improves the reservoir space and the production capacity of single well. Through analyzing the tectonic characteristics, evolution characteristics, core data and FMI imaging logging data in study area, it is considered that the fractures of reservoir are primarily tectonic fractures with the dip direction of NW and have middle and low angle in the northwestern work area and high angle in the central and eastern region. Fractures in the northwestern work area is mainly controlled by the Jiulong Mountain anticline belt, and develop well in the wing twist end and pitching end of anticline; while in the central and eastern work area, they are mainly controlled by fault, resulting in north-south strip along the major fault and develop well in the upper wall and high-steep parts of structure. The controlling factors of fracture development mainly include structure amplitude, tectonic position, rock type and lithological combination, in which the structure amplitude and rock type are main controlling factors of the fractures in the northwestern work area, while the tectonic position and lithological combination are the main controlling factors of the fractures in the central and eastern work area.
SENTIMENT AND MATERIALITY IN LATE VICTORIAN BOOK COLLECTING

In the first half of the twentieth century, analytic bibliographers in Britain turned their attention to the systematic study of the nineteenth-century book. Developing their subject, they felt compelled to distance themselves from the Victorian book collector, who touched off a “suspicion . . . deeply ingrained in the mind of scholars and librarians” (Sadleir, “Development” 147). A new generation of bibliographers – Michael Sadleir, John Carter, and Graham Pollard – acknowledged that Victorian collecting had laid the foundations for the bibliographic study of books by “modern” (i.e., nineteenth-century) writers, as opposed to incunabula, the traditional focus of British book collecting. The contribution was regarded as fundamentally flawed, however, owing to a “sentimental element” in Victorian collecting (Carter and Pollard 101).
A Fragmentary Clovis Point from Southwestern New Mexico

ABSTRACTA large basal fragment of a Clovis point found on the western margin of the Playas Valley is described. Comparisons to Clovis points found in southern Arizona are presented, and the implications of the technological and stylistic similarities are discussed.
Stratification and segmentation: Social class in consumer behavior

Abstract Comparing working-class and middle-class consumers, Carey and Markus (2016, this issue) highlight the ways that social class determines consumer behavior through a set of mutually supportive culture cycles. We use their framework to re-examine several core assumptions in marketing and consumer behavior, assumptions that may fit middle-class consumers better than they do working-class consumers. Revisiting previous findings with an emphasis on social class allows us to offer an agenda for future research regarding advertising and consumer persuasion, material versus experiential purchases, conspicuous and compensatory consumption, and market segmentation.
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive large B-cell lymphoma: Literature review and report of an endoscopic fine needle aspiration case with tigroid backgrounds mimicking seminoma

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive large B-cell lymphoma (ALK+ LBCL) is a rare distinct type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that arises in association with alterations of the ALK gene. This distinct disease entity is typically associated with an aggressive clinical course and appears in light microscopic preparations as a monomorphic population of large, immunoblast-like cells. In this report, we describe a case of ALK+ LBCL diagnosed by transgastric endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS FNA) of splenic hilar lymph nodes. Modified Giemsa stained direct smears from the FNA sample demonstrated large lesional cells with foamy cytoplasm and macronucleoli admixed with small lymphocytes in tigroid backgrounds, mimicking the cytologic appearance of seminoma. Ancillary immunohistochemical studies subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of ALK+ LBCL with the lesional cells being immunoreactive for CD138, VS38c, MUM1, ALK1, and lambda light chain. The cohesiveness of the cells, the cellular morphology, and the tigroid backgrounds were all pitfalls for accurate diagnosis of this rare specific type of lymphoid malignancy by cytology. To our knowledge this is the first case report detailing the diagnosis of ALK+ LBCL by EUS FNA and the first report describing a glycogen-rich tigroid background in direct FNA smears. Establishing a refined diagnosis in cases of this rare form of LBCL is necessary, as therapies targeting ALK may be of value in clinical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:148-155. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Arrhythmias in 2016: Arrhythmia treatment - evidence catching up with technology.

Clinical cardiac electrophysiology has evolved rapidly over the past 2 decades. Although the fast pace of technical and therapeutic advances has occasionally outpaced evidence supporting widespread effectiveness, the highlights of electrophysiology research in 2016 illustrate the emergence of robust evidence for implementation of several important therapies.
Temporally Dynamic Maps: The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative Experience

Understanding context is important in the humanities and social sciences. Temporally dynamic maps provide a framework for showing and analyzing context in terms of what was happening around a particular time and place. Such maps are investigated in the Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI), an informal international collaboration of educators, researchers, librarians, and information technology specialists, based at the University of California, Berkeley. In addition to organizing conferences and advocating the development of standards and best practices, ECAI has participated in the creation of several multimedia publications that include temporally dynamic maps. This article describes the experiences that have been gained in the work with dynamic maps to enhance the display of catalog search results and to express geographical aspects of search queries, as well as with gazetteers that are used for linking between text and maps. The ECAI experiences have also resulted in the identification of numerous problems concerning the complete­ness, documentation, authenticity, and preservation of geo-temporal data, problems that are discussed in the article.
Betrayed by the Neoliberal State, Neglected by the “Jangali” Company: The Anxiety of Autonomy in an Elite Housing Colony in Kathmandu, Nepal

Like much of the global spread of gated communities and fortified enclaves, the emergence of Kathmandu's “housing” industry (housing colonies and apartment complexes) grew out of neoliberal reforms. The restructuring of Nepal's economy and government created the conditions for privatized housing infrastructure, management, and services to cater to elites dissatisfied with the post-1991 processes of democratization and declining conditions in the city. However, while the decentralization of local governance and deregulation of the finance industry created the conditions for elites to desert the public city for private housing complexes, the contractual relations of privatization also sowed the seeds of discontent. Through an ethnographic account of a conflict between the residents of a housing colony and the company that built and managed it (at that time), this article demonstrates how Kathmandu elites have adjusted to the rearrangement of their relationship with the state from the patron/client arrangements of the Panchayat era (1962–1990) to the “consumer citizenship” (Fernandes 2006) of the post-1991 era of liberalization and democratization. Expecting relations of dependence, the residents were ultimately alienated by the indifference of the company. They articulated critiques of the company through ethnically coded protests of its business practices and expressions of nostalgia for the paternalist patronage of the pre-1991 non-democratic state. Ultimately, the conflict exposed a contradictory wish of elites to benefit from the privatized benefits of neoliberalism alongside the social protections of an interventionist state. [fortified enclaves/gated communities, neoliberal urbanism, elites, Kathmandu, Nepal]
Antimycobacterial Metabolism: Illuminating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Biology and Drug Discovery

Bacteria are capable of performing a number of biotransformations that may activate or deactivate xenobiotics. Recent efforts have utilized metabolomics techniques to study the fate of small-molecule antibacterials within the targeted organism. Examples involving Mycobacterium tuberculosis are reviewed and analyzed with regard to the insights they provide as to both activation and deactivation of the antibacterial. The studies, in particular, shed light on biosynthetic transformations performed by M. tuberculosis while suggesting avenues for the evolution of chemical tools, highlighting potential areas for drug discovery, and mechanisms of approved drugs. A two-pronged approach investigating the metabolism of antibacterials within both the host and bacterium is outlined and will be of value to both the chemical biology and drug discovery fields.
FollowMe.IntDev.Com: International Development in the Blogosphere

This article explores online blogs as a new forum for discussing ideas and practices in international development. Based on a qualitative study of conversations that take place across multiple blogs, I conclude that the blogosphere combines features of a public sphere, in which people convene to discuss issues of public interest, and an invisible college, in which experts create, verify, and legitimise knowledge and expertise. Blogs have the potential to be inclusive and participatory, but they also exclude many groups and privilege certain forms of expertise, and are dominated by a sophisticated and wired global elite.
Fast-Food Consumption: Its Association with Food Prices and Dietary Quality

As the fast-food (FF) industry continues to increase in many countries worldwide, to study the impact of fast-food consumption (FF-C) on dietary intakes and the risks for obesity and other health outcomes is critical. Related efforts are needed to address the public health implications of such scientific findings and the growing FF industry. In recent years, due to concerns on the growing obesity epidemic in the United States and worldwide and research linking FF-C and obesity risk, it is advocated to increase the prices of unhealthy food including FF as a way to fight the epidemic.
Local Fixed Point Theory

The next four sections will study the dynamics of a holomorphic map in some small neighborhood of a fixed point. This local theory is a fundamental tool in understanding more global dynamics. It has been studied for well over a hundred years by mathematicians such as Schroder, Koenigs, Leau, Bottcher, Fatou, Cremer, Siegel, Ecale, Voronin, Cherry, Herman, Bryuno, Yoccoz, and Perez-Marco. In most cases it is now well understood, but a few cases still present extremely difficult problems.
Surgical Site Infection Prophylaxis

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, occurring in up to 5% of clean extra-abdominal surgeries and in up to 20% of intraabdominal surgeries.1 It is defined as an infection at the site of surgery that occurs within 30 days after surgery or within 1 year if a foreign body was implanted during surgery. Although there are a number of patient-specific risk factors, the type of surgery is the primary risk factor and determines the need for prophylactic antibiotics. This chapter reviews the risk factors and recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce SSI. Other prophylactic measures to prevent endocarditis, pneumonia, and aspiration are covered elsewhere.