cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On criticality problems in energy dependent neutron transport theory

Abstract In this paper, we consider the criticality problem for energy dependent neutron transport in an isotropically scattering, homogeneous slab. Under a positivity assumption on the scattering kernel, we can find an expression relating the thickness of the slab to a parameter characterizing production by fission. This is accomplished by exploiting the Perron-Frobenius-Jentsch characterization of positive operators (i.e. those leaving invariant a normal, reproducing cone in a Banach space). We point out that those techniques work for classes of multigroup problems where the Case singular eigenfunction approach is not as feasible as in the one-group theory, which is also analyzed.
Direct Thermal Verification of Symmetric Baroclinic Instability

Abstract Direct temperature measurements are reported for two rotating annulus experiments. One shows the flow pattern interpreted by Stone et al. as a manifestation of symmetric baroclinic (inertial) instability, and the other shows the flow pattern typical of baroclinic waves. The mean value of the Richardson number in the former experiment is found to he 0.62. This value agrees with theoretical expectations for a symmetric haroclinic instability regime and thus verifies the original interpretation of the flow pattern. The mean value of the Richardson number in the baroclinic wave experiment is 83. In the symmetric instability experiment the thermal fields and Richardson number are not steady, but show a cyclic variation.
BluePort: a platform to study the eosinophilic response of mice to the bite of a vector of Leishmania parasites, Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies.

Background Visceral Leishmaniasis is a serious human disease transmitted, in the New World, by Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. Natural resistance to Leishmania transmission in residents of endemic areas has been attributed to the acquisition of immunity to sand fly salivary proteins. One theoretical way to accelerate the acquisition of this immunity is to increase the density of antigen-presenting cells at the sand fly bite site. Here we describe a novel tissue platform that can be used for this purpose. Methodology/Principal Findings BluePort is a well-vascularized and macrophage-rich compartment induced in the subcutaneous tissue of mice via injection of agarose beads covered with Cibacron blue. We describe the sequence of inflammatory events leading to its formation and how it can be used to study the dermal response to the bite of L. longipalpis sand flies. Results presented indicate that a shift in the inflammatory response, from neutrophilic to eosinophilic, is the main histopathological feature associated with the immunity acquired through repeated exposure to the bite of sand flies, and that the BluePort tissue compartment could be used to accelerate this process. In addition, changes observed inside the BluePort parenchyma indicate that it could be used to study complex immunobiological processes, and to develop ectopic secondary lymphoid structures. Conclusions/Significance Understanding the characteristics of the dermal response to the bite of sand flies is a critical element of strategies to control leishmaniasis using vaccines that target salivary proteins. Finding that dermal eosinophilia is such a prominent component of the anti-salivary immunity induced by repeated exposure to sand fly bites raises one important consideration: how to avoid the immunological conflict derived from a protective Th2-driven immunity directed to sand fly saliva with a protective Th1-driven immunity directed to the parasite. The BluePort platform is an ideal tool to address experimentally this conundrum.
Human 5-, 12- and 15-lipoxygenase-1 coexist in kidney but show opposite trends and their balance changes in cancer.

Abstract. Lipoxygenases make an impact on every stage of cancer affecting carcinogenesis, metastasis and apoptosis. While there is a rich literature on individual lipoxygenases we lack extensive data on their coexistence and balance in different organs and types of cancer. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, characterized by a lack of early warning signs, diverse clinical manifestations, resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. One third of patients will relapse and the 5-year survival rate is <10% in cases of metastases. Many drugs are metabolized in the kidneys and might interact with lipoxygenases that are biocatalysts for many endo- and xenobiotics. In the present study, we examined the kidney tissue from healthy individuals and cancer patients by immunohistochemical analysis for the presence of 3 lipoxygen -ases: 5-LOX, 12S-LOX and 15-LOX-1. Our findings confirmed their coexistence and opposite trends of manifestation in the course of disease with increased 15-LOX-1 and decreased 5- and 12-LOX levels at the onset of cancer reversing with the progressing stage of the disease or the grade of tumor. Unlike other malignancies, there are no biomarkers to individualize RCC management. Modern therapies are using TKI therapy, targeting VEGF and may cause hypertension as a side-effect. 12S-LOX is intertwined with kinases and VEGF and increased secretion of 12S-HETE in urine is known to accompany hyper -tension. Thus, it may be valuable to probe 12S-LOX activity and monitor its natural metabolite to seek a possible aid in directing the treatment of patients.
23 s precursor ribosomal RNA of Rhodopseudomonas spherouides

The bulk RNA of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides fails to show 23 s RNA when examined by either sucrose gradient sedimentation or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Careful extraction of RNA by any of several techniques reveals ribosomal RNA's of three molecular weights: 5.3 × 105, 4.2 × 105 and 3.6 × 104 daltons, as determined by mobility on polyacrylamide gels. The smaller ribosome subunit (29 s) contains 5.3 × 105 dalton RNA, and the larger subunit (45 s) contains 5.3 and 4.2 × 105 dalton RNA molecules. Pulse-labeling experiments show precursor ribosomal RNA molecules of 1.1 × 106 and 6.3 × 105 daltons. Since the pulse-labeled 1.1 × 106 molecule is found in sucrose gradients of whole-cell extracts in positions expected of 45 s ribonuleoprotein precursor particles, it is presumed to give rise to the two smaller RNA's found in the mature 45 s particle. The 6.3 × 105 dalton precursor RNA molecule probably gives rise to the RNA resident in the 29 s subunit.
Synthesis and Investigation of Core-Shell Dendritic Nanoparticles with Tunable Thermosensitivity

A tandem polymerization strategy has been applied to the synthesis of novel core−shell soft nanoparticles having tunable thermosensitivity. These nanoparticles have amphiphilic dendritic core−shell structures, containing dendritic polyethylene (PE) as the hydrophobic core and a layer of poly(oligo((ethylene glycol) methacrylate)s (poly(OEGMA)s) as the hydrophilic shell. The dendritic PE core was first synthesized by chain walking polymerization, which was subsequently grafted with multiple poly(OEGMA) arms by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of OEGMAs. By varying the composition of the poly(OEGMA) grafts, the thermosensitivity of the core−shell nanoparticles can be tuned with the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) temperature ranging from 20 to 60 °C. Taking advantage of the thermosensitivity and amphiphilicity, the synthesized core−shell nanoparticles show interesting thermosensitive encapsulation of hydrophobic small molecules, which can be utilized for efficient separation of hydroph...
Slip-induced conservation laws for dislocation structures in the finite kinematic framework

In the present paper we develop a general framework that captures topological, geometric, and energetic aspects of slip surfaces to provide conservation laws for dislocation structures. In this work, dislocations act as the boundary of active slip regions that support a finite displacement jump, while treating the material outside the slip regions with a continuum mechanic framework in the setting of large deformations. Within this semicontinuous description, it is shown that the condition of slip imposes an important restriction on the shape of the slip surfaces regardless of the material structure. This catalog of shapes for the slip surfaces can be further restricted for crystalline materials, providing a simple geometric description of common dislocation processes such as cross slip or dislocation loop glide. In this setting, the classical Kirchhoff-type rule for the conservation of the Burgers vector emanates directly from the formulation, while recent conservation laws designed for partial dislocations in face centered cubic crystals are also naturally captured.
Non-intrusive flow measurement by cross-correlation of temperature variations : a tool for building energy diagnostics

Abstract A simple method for the estimation of energy flows in building mechanical systems is suggested for energy auditing purposes. The method involves a non-intrusive pipe flow measurement technique which entails the recording of naturally occurring variations of temperatures of the fluid with two sensors separated a known distance along the pipe's surface. When the two resulting temperature-time series are cross-correlated, a time lag between the two series can be determined. The bulk fluid velocity or the flow rate is estimated from the distance between the two sensors and the time lag. Experiments indicate that the accuracy of the method is about 10% which should suffice for identification of major heat losses in the building's heating systems. With the aid of a computer simulation of the interactions between pipe and fluid flow, the observed systematic errors are explored.
Development of a Novel No‐clean Low Residue Solder Paste for Fine Pitch Applications

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of post‐reflow no‐clean solder paste residue on near‐end and far‐end signal crosstalk due to changes in dielectric constant and leakage resistance in the circuit environment. Additionally, the effect of different frequency levels on post‐reflow residue was examined. Data from these studies are presented in this paper.
Bipolar transistor with minimized collector-to-base junction area

A novel n-p-n bipolar transistor structure with polysilicon base contacts and minimized collector-to-base junction area is described. Device data obtained for this structure show that while device parameters dependent on the device doping profile remain unaffected, a considerable improvement is obtained in device parameters dependent on the size of the collector-to-base junction area.
The changing epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) cases in our hospital and those from outside of our hospital from 1993 through 1998. METHODS Weekly rectal surveillance was instituted whenever there were two or more cases present in the units. Cases were divided into acquired in our hospital, acquired outside of our hospital (VRE positive after and within 72 hours of admission, respectively), and indeterminate. Hospital cases were attributed to the originating ward or intensive care unit (ICU) if patients were noted to be positive within 72 hours of transfer. RESULTS From 1993 to 1998, the rate of VRE per 1,000 admissions increased threefold, from 3.2 to 9.8, for the hospital. VRE cases acquired outside of the hospital increased by approximately 5% per year (r = 0.87; P = .03). The rate of VRE per 1,000 admissions increased 1.7-fold in the ICUs and 3.6-fold in the wards. The ICUs had an average of 75.3 cases per year, with the number of new cases per year increasing by approximately 9 (r = 0.80; P = .028). In the wards, there were an average of 22.0 new cases per year, with a slight upward trend of 3 additional new cases per year (r = 0.69; P = .64). There was a highly significant increasing linear trend (P = .0007) for VRE colonization and infection. CONCLUSION Although VRE still predominate in the ICUs, cases originating from outside of our hospital and the wards are becoming more common. VRE colonization remained more frequent than infection.
Where׳s the beef?: Reply to Kanter, Holman, and Wilson

Abstract This is a brief reply to Kanter, Holman, and Wilson׳s (2014) critique of our analysis of alexythimia, a behavioral deficit. First, we clarify the purpose of our original article. We also present a case for why analyses such as ours, which consider multiple functions of complex verbal behavior in intimate relationships (i.e., establishing operations, discriminative stimuli, response repertoires, and reinforcing functions), falls under the umbrella of contextual behavioral science. We also discuss some broader issues raised by Kanter and colleagues, such as private events, the need for middle-level terms and the role of behavior–behavior relations in contextual behavioral science.
Modeling the Irradiation Followed by Heat Inactivation of Salmonella Inoculated in Liquid Whole Egg

This study presents mathematical models that describe the inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Senftenberg suspended in liquid whole egg (LWE) by irradiation followed by heat treatments (IR-H treatments). These models also enable prediction of cell injury in Salmonella after exposure to IR-H. Salmonella viability decreased exponentially (primary model) with heat treating time for all the radiation doses (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kGy) and temperatures investigated (55, 57, and 60 degrees C). Two secondary models that related the D(T) values (time required to eliminate 90% of viable cells at a given temperature) with radiation dose, heating temperature, and recovery medium after treatments were also developed. The developed final equations enabled to establish the process criterion (combinations of irradiation doses, temperature, and heat treatment times) required to achieve a given reduction (performance criterion) in Salmonella spp. suspended in LWE or the cell damage caused by the treatments. Process criteria to obtain the established performance criteria (a 5-log(10) reduction) on any of the investigated Salmonella serovars were determined to be, 57.7 degrees C/3.5 min following 1.5 kGy when treated cells were recovered in tryptic soy agar and 59.3 degrees C/3.5 min following 0.5 kGy when cells were recovered in tryptic soy agar amended with 3% NaCl. Based on our results, current industrial LWE heat treatments (60 degrees C/3.5 min) would inactivate 3 log(10) cycles of the Salmonella population. The results of this study can be applied to engineering design and for the evaluation and optimization of the IR-H process as a new technique to obtain Salmonella-free LWE.
Application of an orbital radar sounder model to detecting Martian polar subsurface features

[1] A model to simulate the complete planetary orbital radar sounder problem is presented in this paper. The subsurface features and the ionosphere will not only bring ambiguity to the collected radar sounder data, but also critically affect instrument capabilities. These environmental uncertainties generate a compelling need for meaningful quantitative simulation of the orbital radar sounder problem. Our model combines finite difference time domain (FDTD) and analytical methods and splits the computational volume into two pieces owing to the large size of the simulation space. The near-surface and subsurface fields are computed with the FDTD method to improve the simulation flexibility of the surface and subsurface features. The two-way ionospheric propagation is treated with the simpler but accurate near-far field transformation method to maximize computational efficiency. With the capability of including all of the important radar sounder effects that can be difficult to compute analytically, the model enables accurate numerical experimentation with realistic instrumental and environmental parameters, and can handle an arbitrarily two-dimensionally inhomogeneous ground and an arbitrary ionospheric profile. Simulation results are given on the application of detecting Martian polar subsurface water, and we place bounds on the ionospheric losses and the subsurface conductivity through which water can be detected. We find that a basal lake located ∼2.5 km below the surface is near the limit of detectability. The ionospheric losses should be no larger than 10 dB and the average subsurface conductivity should be no larger than 4 × 10−6 S/m for the basal lake to be detectable.
A fast method to gather neighbors in vectorized Monte Carlo simulations

Abstract An algorithm is presented, which gathers neighbors for n -dimensional lattices with periodic boundary conditions. The method used does not need the usual GATHER instructions. With the exception of a few bit-vectors no additional storage is needed. The algorithm can be easily extended to more than nearest neighbor interactions. In a simulation of SU(3) lattice gauge theory on a 2-pipe CDC CYBER 205, using 32-bit arithmetic, the time spent on gathering neighboring links is reduced from 5.7 μs to 1.3 μs per link per update, and an update time of 17 μs per link is obtained.
Some aspects of the technology of III V compound semiconducting layers

Abstract The electrical and electro-optic properties of the III–V compound semiconductors provide some important advantages obtained by the monolithic integration of light-emitting diodes or lasers with photosensors and high speed field effect transistors on the same semi-insulating substrates.
Efficient Estimation for the Accelerated Failure Time Model

The accelerated failure time model provides a natural formulation of the effects of covariates on potentially censored response variable. The existing semiparametric estimators are computationally intractable and statistically inefficient. In this article we propose an approximate nonparametric maximum likelihood method for the accelerated failure time model with possibly time-dependent covariates. We estimate the regression parameters by maximizing a kernel-smoothed profile likelihood function. The maximization can be achieved through conventional gradient-based search algorithms. The resulting estimators are consistent and asymptotically normal. The limiting covariance matrix attains the semiparametric efficiency bound and can be consistently estimated. We also provide a consistent estimator for the error distribution. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the asymptotic approximations are accurate in practical situations and the new estimators are considerably more efficient than the existing o...
An Analysis of Results from the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview and the Chinese Proficiency Test Before and After Intensive Instruction in Chinese as a Foreign Language

The study reported here investigated the nature of progress made in learning Chinese as a foreign language by adult learners in an intensive summer program in an American university setting. The Chinese language ability of 222 students was measured by a multiple-choice examination and an interview test, which were, respectively: the Center for Applied Linguistics' Chinese Proficiency Test (CRT) and the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview (OPT). There were 122 students who took the two exams both at the beginning and at the end of a nine-week period of study. Analysis of the test scores yielded three main findings: 1) There was a moderate correlation between OPI scores and CPT scores; 2) Gains occurred on both exams, with more than half of the students improving on the OPI, and nearly all of them improving on the CPT; 3) Those students who improved on the OPI tended to have higher CPT scores than other students who had the same initial OPI score. The presentation of these results will help to document the extent to which it is possible for adults to master a foreign language under immersion conditions in a domestic setting. The data will be interpreted and discussed in terms of implications for language teaching and testing.
Utilisation of Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus

This article reviews the data from drug utilisation research on antidiabetic agents, oral hypoglycaemics and insulin. Study methods specific to this type of pharmacoepidemiological research are discussed and critiqued. A brief overview of the sources of drug utilisation data is presented, followed by a review of specific pharmacoepidemiological investigations. We evaluate the usefulness of these studies in assessing true drug consumption, in evaluating comorbidity in diabetic patients and in measuring the prevalence of diabetes. International comparisons of antidiabetic drug utilisation, also reviewed and analysed, demonstrate wide variations in the use of hypoglycaemic agents, which have arisen for reasons which are unclear. Drug utilisation research thus far has been limited by the paucity of studies relating these variations in antidiabetic drug use to specific clinical outcomes. There is a need to expand the applications of research on the use of antidiabetic agents, including assessment of patterns of morbidity across geographic boundaries and over time.
52 VITRIFICATION OF DAY-8 EQUINE EXPANDED BLASTOCYST: AN IN VITRO COMPARISON OF DIRECT VERSUS INDIRECT MECHANICAL INTRODUCTION OF CRYOPROTECTANT

The cryopreservation of equine expanded blastocysts (>300 μm) has been largely unsuccessful primarily due to the low permeability of the embryo to cryoprotectants. This low permeability has been attributed to the acellular glycoprotein capsule that develops when an embryo approaches approximately 300 μm in diameter. Mechanical alternatives may provide a means to overcome the capsule barrier and the relative large embryo size to successfully cryopreserve equine embryos. The objective of this experiment was to compare re-expansion rates of vitrified equine expanded blastocysts following either direct or indirect mechanical introduction of cryoprotectants using a coaxial microinjection system (Dracula pipette). Twenty-six Day-8 expanded blastocysts were subjected to capsule puncture, cryoprotectant injection, and blastocoele fluid extraction (direct treatment) or capsule puncture and blastocoele fluid extraction (indirect treatment) before cryopreservation. The Dracula pipette incorporates the injection pipette within the holding pipette, facilitating aspiration of blastocoele fluid or injection of cryoprotectant in a single unit. A standard vitrification protocol using a final concentration of 3.4 M glycerol and 4.6 M ethylene glycol at cryopreservation was used. Vitrified embryo re-expansion was assessed following in vitro culture at 24, 48, and 72 h post-warming. Differences across treatments were analysed using the Student's t-test for re-expansion and the chi-squared test of independence for capsule loss. Pre-vitrification embryo mean diameter (mean ± standard error) for direct and indirect treatment groups were not different, 979 ± 85.6 μm and 912 ± 101.4 μm, respectively (P = 0.62). Post-vitrification embryo mean diameters were not different for the direct and indirect treatments (688 ± 63 and 662 ± 75 μm, respectively; P = 0.79). Following 72 h of in vitro culture, there was no difference in mean embryo diameter (1813.16 ± 209 μm v. 1383.88 ± 198 μm; P = 0.21), or re-expansion rates (69 v. 69%) for direct and indirect treatment groups, respectively. However, partial or total capsule loss was 69% (9/13) for direct treatment embryos compared with 30% (4/13) for indirect treatment embryos (P = 0.049). Results from this experiment demonstrate that capsule puncture and blastocoele fluid extraction before vitrification resulted in high re-expansion rates of Day-8 equine expanded blastocysts after warming. More importantly, the relatively large percentage of capsule failure when directly introducing cryoprotectant into the embryo may interfere with maternal recognition of pregnancy following embryo transfer. Nonetheless, based on the embryonic re-expansion rate of vitrified equine embryos following the indirect technique, we anticipate that a relatively high pregnancy rate can be obtained if this technique is used.
Challenges to employment at will: A survey of the natural gas transmission industry

The natural gas transmission industry, once paternalistic towards its employees, is feeling the effects of challenges to the doctrine of employment at will, and is responding with policies that will increase managerial prerogatives. This article approaches the issue from the points of view both of law and of economics, and includes a survey of pipeline managers who must develop viable work rules in an environment of increasing expectations of employee rights and tightening market competition.
Twistors and antipodes in de Sitter space

We develop the basics of twistor theory in de Sitter space, up to the Penrose transform for free massless fields. We treat de Sitter space as fundamental, as one does for Minkowski space in conventional introductions to twistor theory. This involves viewing twistors as spinors of the de Sitter group $SO(4,1)$. When attached to a spacetime point, such a twistor can be reinterpreted as a local $SO(3,1)$ Dirac spinor. Our approach highlights the antipodal map in de Sitter space, which gives rise to doublings in the standard relations between twistors and spacetime. In particular, one can generate a field with both handedness signs from a single twistor function. Such fields naturally live on antipodally identified de Sitter space $d{S}_{4}/{\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$, which has been put forward as the ideal laboratory for quantum gravity with a positive cosmological constant.
A potential new test for unseen matter in the outer solar system

The recent development of trapped-ion frequency standards, which offer high stability over long time periods, provides us with a potential new method for detecting unseen matter in the outer solar system. A distribution of matter or a planetary body could produce a measurable gravitational redshift of the radio signal received from a spacecraft equipped with an ultrastable frequency standard. Trapped-ion standards have a potential frequency stability of 1 part in 10(exp 16) or better over long time periods (greater than 10(exp 6) s). We consider the potential improvements this method could yield over conventional dynamical tests for unseen matter in the outer solar system possible now or anticipated in the near future.
Crepidobothrium fragile n.sp., a Tapeworm of the Channel Catfish

While investigating the species of Corallobothrium (Essex, 1928) I examined the intestinal parasites of 180 channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) taken in Rock River (Illinois). Only six of these fish harboured tapeworms that could not be assigned to the genus Corallobothrium . From the six fish, besides the species of Corallobothrium , I found fifteen adult Cestodes belonging to the genus Crepidobothrium . A study of these parasites has shown that they constitute a new species for which I propose the name Crepidobothrium fragile , because of the ease with which the strobila is broken. The members of this genus have been reported previously only from amphibians and reptiles. This is, so far as I am aware, the first recorded occurrence of a species of Crepidobothrium from a fish host. Nybelin (1917) has shown that the genus Ophiotaenia (La Rue, 1911) is synonymous with Crepidobothrium . It has been pointed out by Woodland (1925, 1925 a ) that the characters used by La Rue (1914) as the basis for the separation of the genera of Proteocephalids have been unreliable because of their inconstancy. He has proposed that all the genera of the family Proteocephalidae be placed in the genus Proteocephalus . Meggitt (1927) has indicated that this procedure is too sweeping and if followed would make “a most heterogeneous assemblage of some 100 species.” Therefore, he has placed all these species under four genera, namely, Corallobothrium, Crepidobothrium, Gangesia and Ichthyotaenia (= Proteocephalus ), all of which have been well established for a number of years, and greater confusion of the literature may be avoided if they are retained until some worker, in the light of more complete knowledge, again makes a revision of the entire family. Since there yet remains some doubt as to the characters that will ultimately prove trustworthy in the classification of the Proteocephalids, descriptions of new species should be as complete as possible. Although there is much variability in the measurements of a given species of Cestode, yet the fact should not be overlooked that the range of size of the organism and its parts is of considerable aid in classification. It is admitted that there is great variability in size in a given species of Cestode, but if the extremes are known the size becomes of significant value.
Reclaiming Experience: the Aesthetic and Multimodal Composition

Recent scholarship points to the rhetorical role of the aesthetic in multimodal composition and new media contexts. In this article, I examine the aesthetic as a rhetorical concept in writing studies and imagine the ways in which this concept can be useful to teachers of multimodal composition. My treatment of the concept begins with a return to the ancient Greek aisthetikos (relating to perception by the senses) in order to discuss the aesthetic as a meaningful mode of experience. I then review European conceptions of the aesthetic and finally draw from John Dewey and Bruno Latour to help shape this concept into a pragmatic and useful approach that can complement multimodal teaching and learning. The empirical approach I construct adds to an understanding of aesthetic experience with media in order to render more transparent the ways in which an audience creates knowledge—or takes and makes meaning—via the senses. Significantly, this approach to meaning making supports learning in digital environments where students are increasingly asked to both produce and consume media convergent texts that combine multiple modalities including sound, image, and user interaction.
Farm Mapping to Assist, Protect, and Prepare Emergency Responders: Farm MAPPER

Responders such as firefighters and emergency medical technicians who respond to farm emergencies often face complex and unknown environments. They may encounter hazards such as fuels, solvents, pesticides, caustics, and exploding gas storage cylinders. Responders may be unaware of dirt roads within the farm that can expedite their arrival at critical sites or snow-covered manure pits that act as hidden hazards. A response to a farm, unless guided by someone familiar with the operation, may present a risk to responders and post a challenge in locating the victim. This project explored the use of a Web-based farm-mapping application optimized for tablets and accessible via easily accessible on-site matrix barcodes, or quick response codes (QR codes), to provide emergency responders with hazard and resource information to agricultural operations. Secured portals were developed for both farmers and responders, allowing both parties to populate and customize farm maps with icons. Data were stored online and linked to QR codes attached to mailbox posts where emergency responders may read them with a mobile device. Mock responses were conducted on dairy farms to test QR code linking efficacy, Web site security, and field usability. Findings from farmer usability tests showed willingness to enter data as well as ease of Web site navigation and data entry even with farmers who had limited computer knowledge. Usability tests with emergency responders showed ease of QR code connectivity to the farm maps and ease of Web site navigation. Further research is needed to improve data security as well as assess the program's applicability to nonfarm environments and integration with existing emergency response systems. The next phases of this project will expand the program for regional and national use, develop QR code-linked, Web-based extrication guidance for farm machinery for victim entrapment rescue, and create QR code-linked online training videos and materials for limited English proficient immigrant farm workers.
Selective in vivo binding of [3H]naltriben to δ-opioid receptors in mouse brain

Abstract Naltriben (NTB) is a selective antagonist for the putative δ2-opioid receptor. We have determined the regional kinetics and pharmacological profile of [ 3 H ] naltriben in vivo in mouse brain. After i.v. administration to CD1 mice, [ 3 H ] naltriben uptake and retention were high in striatum, cortical regions and olfactory tubercles, and low in superior colliculi and cerebellum. Robust rank order correlation was found between [ 3 H ] naltriben uptake in discrete brain regions and prior δ-opioid receptor binding determinations in vitro and in vivo. [ 3 H ] Naltriben binding in vivo was saturable, and was blocked by the δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole, but not by the μ-opioid receptor antagonist cyprodime or the κ-opioid receptor agonist (trans)-(±)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide mesylate (U50,488H). (E)-7-Benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX), a selective antagonist for the putative δ1-opioid receptor, was 9.6- to 12.9-fold less potent than naltriben as an inhibitor of [ 3 H ] naltriben binding. Thus, the sites labeled by [ 3 H ] naltriben in vivo may correspond to the δ2-opioid receptor subtype. Such assignment is not definitive, particularly considering the 4-fold higher brain uptake of naltriben as compared to (E)-7-benzylidenenaltrexone. Moreover, the regional distribution of [ 3 H ] naltriben in brains from CXB-7/BY (CXBK) mice, a strain that shows supraspinal δ1- but not δ2-opioid receptor agonist effects, was quite similar to that found for CD1 mice.
On the relation between comodulation masking release and temporal modulation transfer functions

Explanations for the phenomenon known as comodulation masking release (CMR) generally assume that temporal envelope information from different peripheral filters is compared, thus entailing multiple envelope representations. Here it is shown that a leaky‐integrator model, yielding a single envelope representation extracted from a broad frequency range, provides an alternative account of CMR. One prediction obtained from model simulations is that adding a single tone to the stimulus will disrupt the CMR effect, leading to an increase in thresholds. Supporting evidence from several experiments shows that the magnitude of CMR is reduced following the addition of a single tone, even when separated from comodulated masking and flanking bands by more than an octave. Whereas these findings are consistent with the leaky‐integrator model, they cannot be easily explained by models which assume multiple envelope representations.
The Global Anti-War Movement Within and Beyond the World Social Forum

This article contributes to the ongoing activist debate over the nature and future of the World Social Forum as well as to scholarly reflection and theorization of the Forum as an open space versus a more action-oriented and partisan organization at the current stage of global struggles against neoliberalism and war. It does so by addressing whether and to what extent the WSF's organizational ethos of bounded diversity plus decentralization has fostered the creation and cross-pollination of movements at the transnational level of contention by analyzing the emergence of a global anti-war movement within the WSF. It finds that the Forums have provided a hospitable environment for movement crossovers to shift priorities, resources, frames, claims, campaign strategies, and coalitions in response to the emergent threat of war. It then addresses the more polemical critique of whether the WSF inhibits alliance-building with the most decisive anti-neoliberal and anti-imperial forces of our time, by examining the...
Surface activity and locomotion of Fundulus deep cells during blastula and gastrula stages

Abstract The surface activity and locomotion of deep cells of the Fundulus blastoderm were studied in vivo with time-lapse cinemicrography. During late cleavage, the surfaces of the blastomeres begin to undulate gently. By early blastula, these undulations increase gradually in amplitude and hemispherical surface protrusions called blebs appear. These blebs form and retract rapidly, and at mid blastula some may be seen adhering to the surfaces of other cells. At the same time, they often expand into elongate lobopodia . Cell locomotion is first evident in mid blastula and continues throughout gastrulation. During locomotion, the leading edge of a deep cell behaves in various ways. When blebs and lobopodia adhere to a substratum (other deep cells, the undersurface of the enveloping layer, or the periblast) and retract, the cell may move in the direction of the shortening cell process. Alternatively, blebs and lobopodia may adhere, but not shorten. Locomotion is accomplished rather by protoplasmic flow into the protrusion. Blebs and lobopodia also may flatten and spread on the substratum as lamellipodia . Variations in the contact and locomotory behavior of deep cells and in the rate of their movement during blastula and gastrula stages are described in detail.
A comparative analysis of groupware application protocols

Two of the most difficult problems faced by developers of synchronous groupware applications are the handling of multiple session connections and the maintenance of replicated data. Protocols and algorithms to solve these problems have evolved over the years as developers gained experience and network standards were developed and enriched. This paper analyzes the efficiency of three common application level protocols used for the development of groupware systems. These include central sequencing, distributed operations, and independent-immutable objects. In order to perform the analysis, nine measures of network and processor efficiency were developed. The result of the analysis showed the independent object method to be superior in overall efficiency. Central sequencing is recommended for applications that are not conducive to the use of independent objects.
Relationships between Separate and Connected Knowing and Approaches to Learning

This study explored whether connected and separate ways of knowing were related to deep and achieving approaches to learning in a sample of White/Caucasian and Mexican-American community college students in the Southwestern and Midwestern United States. Two hundred forty-one students (72 men and 169 women) completed the Attitudes Towards Thinking and Learning Survey (ATTLS) and the Shortened Study Process Questionnaire (SSPQ). No significant differences in separate (SK) and connected knowing (CK) were found between White and Mexican-American students. However, men scored higher than women on separate knowing (SK) and lower on connected knowing (CK). In addition, both CK and SK were significantly related to a deep approach to learning; only CK was significantly related to achieving approach.
There are More Than 1.3 Million Emergency Department Visits and Charges of $1 Billion Annually due to Nontraumatic Dental Conditions in the United States

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Hospital-based emergency department visits involving dental conditions: profile and predictors of poor outcomes and resource utilization. Allareddy V, Rampa S, Lee MK, Allareddy V, Nalliah RP. J Am Dent Assoc 2014;145(4):331-7. Reviewer Christopher Okunseri, BDS, MSc, DDPHRCSE, FFDRCSI Purpose/Question The primary aim was to examine hospital emergency department (ED) charges for dental care-related visits and the effect of patient-related factors, including co-morbid conditions. The secondary aim was to examine the profiles of patients with dental care-related problems who are likely to experience an extreme adverse event such as death in an ED setting. Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional design Level of Evidence Level 3 Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Simulating magnetic monopoles by extending GEANT

GEANT is a widely used tool for detector description and simulation, but does not handle particles with magnetic charge. In this article we describe an extension to track a simple monopole having magnetic charge, but no electric charge or hadronic interactions.
Short report: cefprozil for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection has proven to be extraordinarily difficult to eradicate. Antimicrobial monotherapies have been particularly disappointing, with most eradication rates in the range of 0 to 15%. We evaluated cefprozil (250 mg q.d.s. for 14 days) in 12 H. pylori-infected subjects. The 13C-urea breath test was used to evaluate effectiveness of therapy. Eradication was defined as a negative urea breath test 4 to 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Suppression of H. pylori was demonstrated in 4 of 12 (33%) by a negative urea breath test two days after start of treatment. H. pylori infection was not eradicated in any subject (0%). Adverse events were intermittent and mild. Cefprozil does not appear to offer promise as monotherapy for the eradication of H. pylori.
Artificial neural networks with quasipolynomial synapses and product synaptic contacts

A neural network model with quasipolynomial synapses and product contacts is investigated. The model further generalizes the sigma-pi and product unit models. What and how many quasipolynomial terms, both for individual variables and for cross-product terms, are learned, not predetermined, subject to hardware constraint. Three possible cases are considered. In case 1, the number of learnable parameters needed is determined in learning. It can be considered another method of "growing" a network for a given task, although the graph of the network is fixed. Mechanisms preventing the network from growing too many parameters are designed. In cases 2 and 3, the number of parameters allowed or available is fixed. Cases 2 and 3 may offer both some control on the generalizability of learning and flexibility in functional representation, and may provide a compromise between the complexity of loading and generalizability of learning. Gradient-descent algorithms for training feedforward networks with polynomial synapses and product contacts are developed. Hardware issues are considered, and experimental results are presented.
Continuous Particle Filtration and Concentration by Multigradient Dielectrophoresis

A novel methodology for designing selective particle concentrators in electrokinetic flows is presented. The technique is based on two-level etching of channels to produce ridges along which field gradients are patterned. The field gradients are then used to deflect particles using dielectrophoresis. Using uniform-field designs as a basis, fields in the vicinity of a single ridge are examined both experimentally and numerically. Although isotropic etching causes local deviations from piecewise continuous fields, ridges are found to serve as selective particle deflectors in experiments with both polystyrene beads and Bacillus subtilis. Sequences of parallel ridges are also tested, illustrating the efficacy of corrugated ridge structures for selective particle concentration.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
2-D envelope finite element (EVFE) technique -implementation of PML and dispersive medium

An implementation of perfect matched layer (PML) boundary conditions for 2-D envelope finite element (EVFE) techniques is proposed. The performance of PML is tested for different excitation modes and number of layers. It shows overall 50 dB absorption with a 16 layers absorber. Furthermore, the extended EVFE formulation for structures containing dispersive medium is also presented. Numerical results generated show good agreements with analytical results.
Founding and Founders of the Kansas Academy of Science: A Thumbnail Sketch

Alexander von Humboldt's fundamental principle ‘…it is impossible to grasp the present and master the future without understanding historical development.' (Hein, 1987, p. 33)
Modeling and measurements of the DUVFEL photoinjector cavity rf properties

The 1.6 cell S-band photoinjector cavity has been in operation at the DUVFEL at BNL for the past year. The initial beam measurements indicated a higher than expected emittance and beam divergence at the exit of the gun field. The imbalance in the two cells was suspected, but lack of field probes in the cavity prohibited direct confirmation. A detailed SUPERFISH model was constructed of the cavity assembly. The field balance as a function of cathode plate and tuner position was determined using the model. A series of calibrated measurements of both the cavity RF properties and the delivered RF power was undertaken. Electron beam properties were also measured as a function of cavity tune. Significant improvements in beam quality were achieved. The simulations and measurements are presented.
CO activation pathways and the mechanism of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

Unresolved mechanistic details of monomer formation in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and of its oxygen rejection routes are addressed here by combining kinetic and theoretical analyses of elementary steps on representative Fe and Co surfaces saturated with chemisorbed CO. These studies provide experimental and theoretical evidence for hydrogen-assisted CO activation as the predominant kinetically-relevant step on Fe and Co catalysts at conditions typical of FTS practice. H2 and CO kinetic effects on FTS rates and oxygen rejection selectivity (as H2O or CO2) and density functional theory estimates of activation barriers and binding energies are consistent with H-assisted CO dissociation, but not with the previously accepted kinetic relevance of direct CO dissociation and chemisorbed carbon hydrogenation elementary steps. H-assisted CO dissociation removes O-atoms as H2O, while direct dissociation forms chemisorbed oxygen atoms that desorb as CO2. Direct CO dissociation routes are minor contributors to monomer formation on Fe and may become favored at high temperatures on alkali-promoted catalysts, but not on Co catalysts, which remove oxygen predominantly as H2O because of the preponderance of H-assisted CO dissociation routes. The merging of experiment and theory led to the clarification of persistent mechanistic issues previously unresolved by separate experimental and theoretical inquiries.
Cross-correlation neural network models

In this paper we provide theoretical foundations for a new neural model for singular value decomposition based on an extension of the Hebbian learning rule called the cross-coupled Hebbian rule. The model is extracting the SVD of the cross-correlation matrix of two stochastic signals and is an extension on previous work on neural-network-related principal component analysis (PCA). We prove the asymptotic convergence of the network to the principal (normalized) singular vectors of the cross-correlation and we provide simulation results which suggest that the convergence is exponential. The new model may have useful applications in the problems of filtering for signal processing and signal detection. >
Familia: Migration and Adaptation in Baja and Alta California, 1800-1975

Anthropologists, historians, and sociologists will find here a striking challenge to accepted explanations of the northward movement of migrants from Mexico into the United States. Alvarez investigates the life histories of pioneer migrants and their offspring, finding a human dimension to migration which centers on the family. Spanish, American, and English exploits paved the way for exchange between Baja and Alta California. Alvarez shows how cultural stability actually increased as migrants settled in new locations, bringing their common values and memories with them.