cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Storytelling”: Replacing “Storymaking” as a Supplement to the Elementary Health Education Curriculum

“Storymaking” has been the story technique traditionally used by elementary school health educators to stimulate learning about health issues. The “storytelling” techniques of the professional storyteller, however, can be used in the health classroom as a teaching method to stimulate interest in the topic area and more importantly to encourage continuance of learning outside the classroom. By selecting appropriate, well-written, health-related children's books and applying to them various storytelling techniques described in the article, the school health educator can capture the students' attention. With little instructional time available for health content in many elementary schools, motivating students to read health-related stories on their own can supplement the lessons.
But You Promised: Children’s Judgments of Broken Promises

Current conceptions regarding children’s understanding of promises (and promise breaking) rely upon absolute distinction: namely, a promise versus a non-promise. The current study expands the understanding of children’s judgments of broken promises to include more nuanced, refined descriptions. Utilizing a four-point rating scale—ranging from “OK” to “very bad”—forty children aged 6 to 10 judged story cards depicting characters breaking commitments not to engage in specific behaviors across three different domains (moral, social-conventional, and personal). Analyses indicated that children judge broken promises in the moral domain more severely than those in the social-conventional domain and broken promises in the social-conventional domain more severely than those in the personal domain. Therefore, children appear to judge broken commitments on a sliding scale in much the same way they judge actions from the moral, social-conventional and personal domains. Results from the current study also suggest an inverse pattern of judgment with regards to broken commitments. Specifically, it appears that the more severely an initial action is judged, the less severely its concurrent commitment condition is judged; and vice versa. These findings help refine our understanding of childhood interpretations of broken promises and engender several unique ideas for future research in this field.
Vaporization of tungsten in flowing steam at high temperatures

Abstract Chemical reactions of tungsten with steam which persist to tungsten temperatures as low as 800°C result in the formation of a hydrated tungsten-oxide which has a high vapor pressure and is readily convected in a flowing atmosphere. The vaporization reaction removes the oxide scale that forms on the tungsten surface as it forms, leaving behind a fresh metallic surface for further oxidation and vaporization. Experiments were conducted with cylindrical tungsten rods heated to temperatures from approximately 700°C to 1350°C in flowing steam which was superheated to 140°C to measure the oxidative vaporization rates of tungsten in steam. The results of these experiments revealed a threshold temperature for tungsten vaporization in steam between 700°C and 800°C. Other tests were conducted over the temperature range of 800–1350°C. In these tests, the tungsten rods were found to have lost weight due to vaporization of the tungsten and the missing weight was collected in the downstream condensate system. The aerosol formed a fine white smoke of tungsten-oxide which was visible to the eye as it condensed in the laminar boundary layer of steam which flowed along the surface of the rod. The aerosol continued to flow as a smoke tube downstream of the rod, flowing coaxially along the centerline axis of the quartz glass tube and depositing by impaction along the outside of a bend and at sudden area contractions in the piping. The vaporization rate data from 17 experiments which exceeded the vaporization threshold temperature are presented. Two correlations to the present data are presented and compared to a published correlation in the literature [7] .
Researching Electronic Networks

Composition studies, as a field, has always depended on theoretical constructs and empirical methods from other disciplines. This article looks at interdisciplinary work in the area of composition and computer-mediated communication (CMC). The work on writing and electronic networks has drawn from early experimental studies of CMC in social psychology, the premises of which are at odds with current thinking in both composition studies and social psychology. In recent years, social psychological research on CMC has witnessed changes similar to those in composition: a rethinking of positivistic frameworks and a move to emphasize social constructs. This article reviews the work of four groups conducting social psychological research on CMC. It traces the movement away from theoretical frameworks based in positivism toward those grounded in social constructionism. It concludes by advocating a dialogic relationship between research in computers and composition studies and social psychology.
Recording of single unit activity during electrical stimulation and microiontophoresis: a method of minimizing stimulus artifacts.

Abstract A technique is described by which electrical stimulus artifacts can be virtually eliminated during concomitant recording of single unit activity and microiontophoretic administration of drugs and transmitter substances. The essence of the method is to record differentially between one barrel of a multi-barreled pipette and a closely affixed single barrel pipette. This technique has been successfully used in studying the response of neurons in the amygdala and other areas to the electrical stimulation of afferent pathways and to microiontophoretically applied substances.
Progress and open problems in hypernuclear structure

Abstract A hypernuclei exist as particle-stable systems with spectroscopies analogous to those of ordinary nuclei. The analysis of Brookhaven data on ( π + ,k + ) reactions, for selected targets up to A~ 90, has yielded information on Λ single-particle energies and thus the Λ-nucleus mean field. Better energy resolution and higher intensity beams are needed to carry out coincidence experiments and detailed spectroscopic studies. The prospects for investigating hypernuclear structure at high-energy electron accelerator facilities via the ( e , e 'K) or ( γ , K ) reactions, which are kinematically similar to the ( π + ,k + ) reaction, but which favor spin-flip transitions, are also considered.
The multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method for dense particulate flows

A multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method has been developed. This numerical technique draws upon the best of Eulerian/Eulerian continuum models and Eulerian/Lagrangian discrete models. The MP-PIC method uses an accurate mapping from Lagrangian particles to and from a computational grid. While on the grid, continuum derivative terms that treat the particle phase as a fluid are readily evaluated and then mapped back to individual particles. The result of this procedure is a computational technique for multiphase flows that can handle particulate loading ranging from dense to dilute, a distribution of particle sizes and a range of particle materials. The dense particulate model represents separated flows of particles and includes drag exerted by a gas phase, inter-particle stresses, particle viscous stresses and gas pressure gradients. Six problems are presented to demonstrate the MP-PIC method. This MP-PIC method has important applications in fluidized beds (combustion, catalytic cracking), sedimentation, separation and many other granular flows.
Use of enteral immunoglobulin in NEMO syndrome for eradication of persistent symptomatic norovirus enteritis.

Norovirus enteritis is usually self-limiting, but serious complications can occur in immunocompromised hosts. Chronic norovirus infection associated with intestinal pneumatosis (IP) has been reported in adults with common variable immunodeficiency and a single child with Wiskott-Aldrich. We describe a 13-year-old boy with NEMO deficiency syndrome (ectodermal dysplasia and immunodeficiency) and acute norovirus-associated pneumatosis and/or enteritis successfully treated with enteral immunoglobulin therapy.
Sex Differences in the Genetic Basis of Morning Serum Cortisol Levels: Genome-Wide Screen Identifies Two Novel Loci Specific to Women

Context: Relatively little is known about the influence of specific genes on cortisol levels, particularly morning cortisol levels. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci associated with morning serum cortisol levels. Design: We carried out a genome screen for morning serum cortisol using linkage and association methods tailored for use in large pedigrees. We conducted these analyses both in the whole sample and partitioned by sex. Setting: This study was conducted on nine communal Hutterite farms in South Dakota. Participants: The Hutterites are a young founder population who practice a communal, farming lifestyle in the western United States and in Canada. Hutterites (n = 504, 53% female) aged 11–89 yr from a single pedigree participated in this study. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were markers significantly linked or associated with variation in morning serum cortisol levels. Results: One genome-wide significant association was identified in th...
Seismic properties of layer 2 basalts

SUMMARY In this paper the physical properties of oceanic layer 2 basalts are examined with the emphasis on micro crack porosity and alteration-related changes in physical properties. Over 160 core samples from some of the more significant Deep Sea Drilling Project/Ocean Drilling Program holes, including 417D, 418A, 504B and 801C are included in the present investigation. Overall physical property relationships are discussed in the first half of this study. At 200 MPa confining pressure, compressionaland shear-wave velocities of the sample suite have modal values of 6.1 kms -1 and 3.5 kms -1, respectively. A Poisson's ratio of 0.28 characterizes the majority of the basalts. Samples that have experienced extensive low-temperature alteration, identified through elevated KzO and decreased CaO and MgO contents, exhibit low velocities (and densities) and high Poisson's ratios. The microcrack porosity in the basalt suite is examined using velocity-pressure data, a pore-aspect-ratio inversion scheme, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. Microcracks sealed by alteration minerals such as smectite and calcite or healed by late crystallization are common throughout the sample set. Rocks from the transition zone and sheeted dyke section of Hole 504B are marked by numerous smectite- and chlorite-filled cracks. More significantly, the data indicate an increase of low-aspectratio open microcracks with increasing depth in samples from several DSDP holes, particularly Hole 504B. These microcracks, also observed using the SEM, are attributed to stress relief as the original drill cores were removed from in situ pressure conditions. Stress-relief micro cracking is apparently more severe in the holocrystalline, coarsergrained samples from massive flows than in the phyric basalts with fine-grained groundmasses characteristic of pillow units. This difference in micro cracking is explained through basic fracture theory
Electrically injected 1.55 /spl mu/m InP-based photonic crystal microcavity coherent light source

Microcavities with dimensions on the wavelength scale are being extensively investigated due to their ability to exhibit enhanced spontaneous emission, directional output and single-mode operation. Photonic crystals with single or multiple defects have emerged as the preferred way to obtain such microcavities. We have designed and fabricated a 1.55 /spl mu/m electrically injected photonic crystal surface-emitting microcavity device using an InP-based heterostructure. The emission wavelength at 1.55 /spl mu/m is an important wavelength for long haul optical communication applications.
Kinetics of trace metal complexation: role of alkaline-earth metals

The rate of reaction of inorganic copper with the model ligand ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is significantly retarded in the presence of calcium at seawater concentrations. The half-life for inorganic copper reacting with EDTA in seawater is /similar to/2 h at 10/sup /minus/7/M EDTA. This kinetic hindrance to the formation of the thermodynamically favored CuEDTA species results from several factors: (1) the preponderance of the calcium complex in the speciation of EDTA, (2) the competition of calcium and copper for reaction with any free EDTA formed by the dissociation of CaEDTA, and (3) the slow kinetics of direct attack of copper on CaEDTA compared to reaction with free or protonated EDTA species. If metal-complexing agents in natural waters behave as discrete ligands, then the reaction of a metal at strong binding sites may also be kinetically hindered at high alkaline-earth concentrations. In contrast with the reaction of EDTA, however, the rate of completion of copper by humic acid is not observably affected by high calcium concentrations.
Exorcising Scandal in the White House: Presidential Polling in Times of Crisis

Several important works have addressed the issue of scandal in the White House; however, no study has used internal White House archival polling data to explore the phenomenon of presidential recovery from scandal. In this research note, we expand the analysis of presidential polling and connect these internal procedures to times of scandal in the White House across two presidents and three scandals. We identify four questions the White House is concerned with (through the polling) and we suggest polling is uniquely helpful in identifying answers to these questions that gauge the depth of presidential involvement, the ability of the president to continue to govern, the importance of the scandal to the public, and the fairness of the media.
Characterization of an endothelin ET(B) receptor in the gill of the dogfish shark Squalus acanthias

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoconstrictive peptides that are secreted by the vascular endothelium and other tissues in vertebrates. Previous studies have demonstrated that ETs are expressed in a variety of fish tissues and contract various blood vessels. In order to determine if receptors for ET are expressed in fish gill tissue, we examined the binding kinetics of (125)I-labeled, human ET-1 to membrane fragments isolated from the gill of the dogfish shark, Squalus acanthias. (125)I-ET-1 bound at a single site, with a dissociation constant (K(d)) and binding site number (B(max)) very similar to those described in a variety of mammalian blood vessels. ET-1 and ET-3 competed equally with (125)I-ET-1, suggesting that the receptor was ET(B), which has been shown in mammalian systems to bind to both ligands equally. The ET(B)-specific agonists sarafotoxin S6c, IRL-1620, and BQ-3020 also competed against (125)I-ET-1 at a single site, supporting this hypothesis. We conclude that the shark gill expresses an ET(B) receptor with substantial homology to the mammalian receptor and that ET may play an important role in modulating such vital gill functions as gas exchange, ion regulation, acid-base balance, and excretion of nitrogen.
Efficiency Measurement of Bridge Maintenance Using Data Envelopment Analysis

A companion paper by the writers introduces the framework that was developed using an approach called data envelopment analysis to measure the overall efficiency of road maintenance operations while considering the effects of environmental and operational factors (both of which are beyond the control of the decision maker, i.e., the maintenance manager) on such overall efficiency. Such paper introduced the data envelopment analysis approach, presented the road maintenance efficiency measurement framework and provided an overview of the data and modeling issues faced during the earlier stages of the implementation of the framework to the Virginia Department of Transportation's case for the maintenance of bridges. This paper presents the core implementation stages of the framework in trying to identify (1) the relative efficiency of seven counties of Virginia in performing bridge maintenance; (2) the benchmarks (peers) and targets that pertain to the inefficient counties; and (3) the effects of the environmental and operational factors on the road maintenance efficiency of counties. The results and discussions presented in this paper can be used to direct decision makers' attention to develop a better understanding of the reasons why some counties are more efficient than others.
A continuous fluorometric assay for the assessment of MazF ribonuclease activity

Plasmids maintain themselves in their bacterial host through several different mechanisms, one of which involves the synthesis of plasmid-encoded toxin and antitoxin proteins. When the plasmid is present, the antitoxin binds to and neutralizes the toxin. If a plasmid-free daughter cell arises, however, the labile antitoxin is degraded (and not replenished) and the toxin kills the cell from within. These toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems thereby function as postsegregational killing systems, and the disruption of the TA interaction represents an intriguing antibacterial strategy. It was recently discovered that the genes for one particular TA system, MazEF, are ubiquitous on plasmids isolated from clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) strains. Thus, it appears that small molecule disruptors of the MazEF interaction have potential as antibacterial agents. The MazF toxin protein is known to be a ribonuclease. Unfortunately, traditional methods for the assessment of MazF activity rely on the use of radiolabeled substrates followed by analysis with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This article describes a simple and convenient continuous assay for the assessment of MazF activity. The assay uses an oligonucleotide with a fluorophore on the 5' end and a quencher on the 3' end, and processing of this substrate by MazF results in a large increase in the fluorescence signal. Through this assay, we have for the first time determined K(M) and V(max) values for this enzyme and have also found that MazF is not inhibited by standard ribonuclease inhibitors. This assay will be useful to those interested in the biochemistry of the MazF family of toxins and the disruption of MazE/MazF.
The role of neuronal signaling in controlling cerebral blood flow

Well-regulated blood flow within the brain is vital to normal function. The brain's requirement for sufficient blood flow is ensured by a tight link between neural activity and blood flow. The link between regional synaptic activity and regional cerebral blood flow, termed functional hyperemia, is the basis for several modern imaging techniques that have revolutionized the study of human brain activity. Here, we review the mechanisms of functional hyperemia and their implications for interpreting the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast signal used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Analysis of the formation of the structure of social networks by using latent space models for ranked dynamic networks

Summary The formation of social networks and the evolution of their structures have been of interest to researchers for many decades. We wish to answer questions about network stability, group formation and popularity effects. We propose a latent space model for ranked dynamic networks that can be used to frame and answer these questions intuitively. The well-known data collected by Newcomb in the 1950s are very well suited to analyse the formation of a social network. We applied our model to these data to investigate the network stability, what groupings emerge and when they emerge, and how individual popularity is associated with individual stability.
Determining the Optimal Window Length for Pattern Recognition-Based Myoelectric Control: Balancing the Competing Effects of Classification Error and Controller Delay

Pattern recognition-based control of myoelectric prostheses has shown great promise in research environments, but has not been optimized for use in a clinical setting. To explore the relationship between classification error, controller delay, and real-time controllability, 13 able-bodied subjects were trained to operate a virtual upper-limb prosthesis using pattern recognition of electromyogram (EMG) signals. Classification error and controller delay were varied by training different classifiers with a variety of analysis window lengths ranging from 50 to 550 ms and either two or four EMG input channels. Offline analysis showed that classification error decreased with longer window lengths ( p <; 0.01). Real-time controllability was evaluated with the target achievement control (TAC) test, which prompted users to maneuver the virtual prosthesis into various target postures. The results indicated that user performance improved with lower classification error (p <; 0.01 ) and was reduced with longer controller delay ( p <; 0.01), as determined by the window length. Therefore, both of these effects should be considered when choosing a window length; it may be beneficial to increase the window length if this results in a reduced classification error, despite the corresponding increase in controller delay. For the system employed in this study, the optimal window length was found to be between 150 and 250 ms , which is within acceptable controller delays for conventional multistate amplitude controllers.
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia in 57-year-old woman with Borderline Serous Tumor of the Ovary:Real-Time Management of Common Pathways of Hemostatic Failure

We present a case of a 57-year-old woman who underwent surgery for the removal of an ovarian mass but subsequently experienced microangioathic hemolytic anemia post-operatively, associated with fevers, renal insufficiency, hypertension, and hemolysis. While her clinical situations was initially suspicious for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), further sorting of clinical information led to other explanations of these findings, including a systemic inflammatory response. Multiple triggers of the coagulation system which can lead to a common pathway of hemostatic failure were considered, and specific criteria seen in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), TTP, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), catastrophic antiphospholipid anitbody syndrom (APS), all of which can seem to overlap when a physician is faced with distinguishing the diagnosis clinically. We propose a chronologic and strategic approach for the clinician to consider when approaching this diagnostic dilemma.
Tissue Manganese Concentrations in Young Male Rhesus Monkeys following Subchronic Manganese Sulfate Inhalation

High-dose human exposure to manganese results in manganese accumulation in the basal ganglia and dopaminergic neuropathology. Occupational manganese neurotoxicity is most frequently linked with manganese oxide inhalation; however, exposure to other forms of manganese may lead to higher body burdens. The objective of this study was to determine tissue manganese concentrations in rhesus monkeys following subchronic (6 h/day, 5 days/week) manganese sulfate (MnSO4) inhalation. A group of monkeys were exposed to either air or MnSO4 (0.06, 0.3, or 1.5 mg Mn/m 3 ) for 65 exposure days before tissue analysis. Additional monkeys were exposed to MnSO4 at 1.5 mg Mn/m 3 for 15 or 33 exposure days and evaluated immediately thereafter or for 65 exposure days followed by a 45- or 90-day delay before evaluation. Tissue manganese concentrations depended upon the aerosol concentration, exposure duration, and tissue. Monkeys exposed to MnSO4 at � 0.06 mg Mn/m 3 for 65 exposure days or to MnSO4 at 1.5 mg Mn/m 3 for � 15 exposure days developed increased manganese concentrations in the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, olfactory cortex, globus pallidus, putamen, and cerebellum. The olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, globus pallidus, caudate, putamen, pituitary gland, and bile developed the greatest relative increase in manganese concentration following MnSO4 exposure. Tissue manganese concentrations returned to levels observed in the air-exposed animals by 90 days after the end of the subchronic MnSO4 exposure. These results provide an improved understanding of MnSO4 exposure conditions that lead to increased concentrations of manganese within the nonhuman primate brain and other tissues.
Measurements of Vibrational and Electronic State Population Distributions in Gas Laser Plasmas

Cold gas plasmas are common excitation environment in high energy electric –discharge excited lasers. Such plasmas are typically low ionization fraction, diffuse, and extremely non-thermal, with low gas kinetic temperatures but with deliberately high levels of excitation of one or more modes of internal molecular motion. We briefly review on-going programs at OSU in using these plasmas in development of high power lasers (CO overtone laser), in optically pumped plasmas in air and other molecular gases. The paper presents results of diagnostic measurements of the vibrational and electronic state populations, V-V transfer rates, electron concentrations and electron recombination rates in these plasmas. Measurement methods reviewed include FTIR, step-scan FTIR spectroscopy for infrared active vibrational modes; visible and vacuum UV emission spectroscopy foe electronic modes; laser Raman spectroscopy (stimulated and spontaneous) for measurements in infrared inactive vibrationally excited species such au N2, O2, H2. Finally, the use of Thomsondischarge probes to infer the electron number density, ionization and electron recombination rates in optically pumped high density molecular plasmas is presented. The plasma studied show that markedly non-Boltzman distribution of vibrational, electronic and free electron
Exact unconditional tables for significance testing in the 2 × 2 multinomial trial

This paper presents tables analogous to T-tables for use in the 2 x 2 multinomial trial, where the continuity corrected Z-statistic is used to make exact unconditional inference. This is the first solution of a discrete exact unconditional inference problem involving a multivariate nuisance parameter for which no ancillary statistic exists.
Relationship between vasopressin and opioids in hypoxia induced pial artery vasodilation

It has been observed that a vasopressin receptor antagonist attenuates hypoxic hyperemia in fetal sheep, whereas methionine enkephalin (Met) and leucine enkephalin (Leu) contribute to hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation in newborn pigs. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between vasopressin and opioids in hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation in the newborn pig by use of the closed cranial window technique. Hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation was attenuated during moderate [arterial Po2 (PaO2) approximately 35 mmHg] and severe hypoxia (PaO2 approximately 25 mmHg) by the vasopressin receptor antagonist, [beta-mercapto-beta beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionyl, 2-O-Me-Tyr2, Arg8]vasopressin (MeAVP, 5 micrograms/kg i.v.; 29 +/- 1 vs. 14 +/- 2 and 37 +/- 2 vs. 18 +/- 2% for moderate and severe hypoxia in absence vs. presence of MeAVP, respectively, n = 7). Hypoxia-induced dilation was accompanied by increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vasopressin concentration (26 +/- 1 vs. 67 +/- 4 and 26 +/- 1 vs. 99 +/- 4 pg/ml for control vs. moderate and control vs. severe hypoxia, n = 5). Vasopressin increased CSF Met (895 +/- 28, 1,147 +/- 63, 1,327 +/- 48, and 1,600 +/- 75 pg/ml for control and 40, 400, and 4,000 pg/ml vasopressin, respectively, n = 7). CSF Leu concentration was similarly increased by vasopressin. Furthermore, MeAVP attenuated the release of Met during moderate hypoxia (910 +/- 38 and 2,682 +/- 49 vs. 911 +/- 38 and 2,110 +/- 84 pg/ml for control and moderate hypoxia in absence and presence of MeAVP, respectively, n = 5). MeAVP had similar effects on hypoxia-induced Leu release. These data show that vasopressin contributes to hypoxia-induced pial artery dilation and that vasopressin increases CSF Met and Leu concentrations. These data also suggest that elevated CSF vasopressin concentrations that occur during hypoxemia result in opioid release, which subsequently contributes to hypoxic pial artery dilation.
NET BASOLATERAL POTASSIUM FLUX AND SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT IN OUABAIN-TREATED FROG SKIN

A new technique has been developed to correlate K loss from cells (JK) across the basolateral membrane into a K-free ouabain Ringer solution and short-circuit current (Isc) for a model Na-transporting epithelium, the frog skin. Distinct differences were observed when the tissue was bathed in sulfate or chloride Ringer. In sulfate Ringer, K-free ouabain treatment caused both JK and Isc to decline in a nearly parallel fashion with time. JK-Isc was approximately 1 microA/cm2. In sulfate Ringer, isoproterenol caused parallel increases, whereas amiloride (apical side) caused parallel decreases in JK and Isc. In chloride Ringer, K-free ouabain treatment caused Isc to decline at a slightly faster rate than JK.JK-Isc was approximately 8 microA/cm2. Bumetanide decreased JK with very little effect on Isc. Barium caused small parallel changes in both Isc and JK. Amiloride decreased Isc with very little effect on JK. These experiments show that after ouabain treatment changes in JK from the cells across the basolateral membrane can largely account for changes in Isc. However, JK also occurs via neutral mechanisms and perhaps from cells not related to the transport pathway, demonstrating that there is not always a tight coupling of K loss at the basolateral membrane with Na entry across the apical membrane.
Interprofessional Flight Camp Attracts 29 Graduate Nurses From Puerto Rico

The Dorothy Ebersbach Academic Center for Flight Nursing in Cleveland, OH, holds an annual flight camp designed for master's degree nursing students in the acute care nurse practitioner program, subspecializing in flight nursing at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing at Case Western Reserve University. The weeklong interprofessional training is also open to any health care provider working in an acute care setting and focuses on critical care updates, trauma, and emergency care within the critical care transport environment. This year, 29 graduate nursing students enrolled in a master's degree program from Puerto Rico attended. Although the emergency department in Puerto Rico sees and cares for trauma patients, there is no formal trauma training program. Furthermore, the country only has 1 rotor wing air medical transport service located at the Puerto Rico Medical Center in San Juan. Flight faculty and graduate teaching assistants spent approximately 9 months planning for their participation in our 13th annual flight camp. Students from Puerto Rico were extremely pleased with the learning experiences at camp and expressed particular interest in having more training time within the helicopter flight simulator.
Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Differentiation Between Culex pipiens pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in North America Based on Genomic Differences Identified by Subtractive Hybridization

Culex pipiens is a complex of mosquitoes that are involved in the transmission of pathogens, including St. Louis encephalitis virus in North America. The 2 major taxa in the complex, Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, are nearly identical morphologically, making identification of field-collected specimens difficult, and attempts at differentiation based on biochemical and molecular techniques have been unsuccessful. We report here the use of genomic subtractive hybridization to identify a region of nucleic acid heterology between the genomes of Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus and the development of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to discriminate between them. PCR primers based on the nucleic acid sequence of a Cx. p. pipiens-unique DNA fragment were used to differentiate Cx. p. pipiens and Cx. p. pipiens/quinquefasciatus hybrids from Cx. p. quinquefasciatus by using extracted individual mosquito genomic DNA, crude DNA preparations from a mosquito head or legs, and DNA from triturated mosquito pools.
Metabolism of Vitamin B6 by Human Subjects with and without Normal Liver Function

Plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) is below normal for most patients with liver disease? however, they are capable of PLP synthesis and this suggests that administration of pyridoxine (PN) might help normalize their vitamin B6 status. This has been established for patients given 25 mg of pyridoxine/day for 2 weeks both with respect to restoring plasma PLP to the normal range and in repletion of body stores, as reflected in urinary excretion of pyridoxic acid.
A dilemma for morally responsible time travelers

In this paper I argue that new attempts to undermine the principle of alternative possibilities via appeal to time travel fail. My argument targets a version of a Frankfurt-style counterexample to the principle recently developed by Spencer (Philos Stud 166:149–162, 2013). I argue that in avoiding one prominent objection to standard Frankfurt-style counterexamples Spencer’s time travel case runs afoul of another. Furthermore, the very feature of the case which makes it initially appealing also makes it impossible to revise the case such that it can avoid this further objection. Thus Spencer’s time travel case and cases like it provide no dialectical advantages over other Frankfurt-style cases. I conclude that this strategy for refining such cases should be abandoned.
Comparison of corrosion resistance between micro-cracks and nickel sealing technics

Two technics to improve the corrosion resistance of workpiece were introduced: nickel sealing and micro-crack nickel technics. Test results show that both technics can lead to better corrosion resistance than double layer nickel. The corrosion prevention mechanisms of nickel sealing and micro-crack nickel were analysed. The difference between the above technics are as follows: nickel sealing / bright layer nickel, the electrons flow from bright nickel layer to nickel sealing layer; micro-crack nickel / bright nickel layer, the electrons flow from micro-crack nickel layer to bright nickel layer. By comprehensive analysis, the conclusion is drawn: nickel sealing can lead to better corrosion resistance than micro-crack nickel technics.
Enablement of defense missions with in-space 3D printing

Outer space has the potential to become the battlefield of the 21st century. If this occurs, the United States will need to invest heavily into research and development regarding space assets, construction approaches, and anti-satellite technologies in order to ensure the requisite level of offensive and deterrent capabilities exist. One challenge that the U.S. faces is the expense of inserting satellites into orbit. With an in-space 3D printer, engineers would not need to incur the design and construction costs for developing a satellite that can survive the launch into orbit. Instead, they could just create the best design for their application and the in-space 3D printer could print and deploy it in orbit. This paper considers the foregoing and other uses for a 3D printer in space that advance national security.
Microstructure and Properties of In-situ(Ti,Mo)C-Ni and(Ti,W,Mo)C-Ni Composite Synthesized by Reactive Hot-pressing

(Ti,Mo)C-Ni and(Ti,W,Mo)C-Ni composite were obtained by in-situ reactive hot pressing.The phase structure,microstructure and mechanical properties of the two composite were analyzed.The results show that the chemical reactions between Ti,C and Mo in(Ti,Mo)C-Ni composite are relatively complete.However,there is a small amount of unreacted C powder in(Ti,W,Mo)C-Ni composite,which is associated with the reaction between WC and Ti.The in-situ carbide grains are very fine with the size of 0.5～2 μm.With the addition of WC,the boundary morphology between the carbide grains and binder phase changes from angular shape into almost rounded shape.Additionally,the relative density increases as well as the hardness and bending strength.
Introduction: The Impact and Management of the Bipolar Spectrum in 2004

This academic supplement to CNS Spectrums high-lights the impact of the broader bipolar spectrum as a considerable public health concern, the side effects that must be considered in a risk/benefit analysis of effective pharmacologic treatments of bipolar disorder, and the state of the art of psychosocial interventions utilized to manage the disorder. One important development in the conceptualization of bipolar disorder is that a common underlying endophenotype may mediate a range of presentations manifesting as the broader bipolar spectrum. This includes variants of bipolar disorder, such as bipolar II, cyclothymia, and mixed states; disorders characterized by affective instability, such as cluster B personality disorders; and disorders characterized by impulsivity associated with affective instability, such as impulse-control disorders. Since there may be various phenotypic expressions of a common underlying endophenotype, this may also help to explain the high rate of comorbidity found in bipolar disorder.
Effects of Age and Acute Moderate Alcohol Administration on Neurophysiology During Simulated Driving.

Background Driver age and blood alcohol concentration are both important factors in predicting driving risk; however, little is known regarding the joint import of these factors on neural activity following socially relevant alcohol doses. We examined age and alcohol effects on brain oscillations during simulated driving, focusing on 2 region-specific frequency bands implicated in task performance and attention: parietal alpha power (PAP; 8 to 12 Hz) and frontal theta power (FTP; 4 to 7 Hz). Methods Participants included 80 younger (aged 25 to 35 years) and 40 older (aged 55 to 70 years) community-dwelling, moderate drinkers. Participants consumed placebo, low, or moderate doses of alcohol designed to achieve target peak breath alcohol concentrations of 0, 0.04, or 0.065 g/dl, respectively. Electrophysiological measures were recorded during engagement in a simulated driving task involving 4 scenarios of varied environmental complexity. Results A main effect of age was detected in FTP, but neither an alcohol effect nor interactions were observed. For PAP, an age-by-alcohol interaction was detected. Relative to placebo controls, older and younger participants receiving low-dose (0.04 g/dl) alcohol evinced divergent PAP alterations, with a pattern of higher power among older participants and lower power among younger participants. This interaction was noted across the varied environmental contexts. Conclusions These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that compared with younger individuals, older drivers may be differentially susceptible to alcohol effects. While these age-by-alcohol interactions in neural activity are provocative, further investigation exploring the mechanisms and behavioral correlates of these effects will be crucial in determining their behavioral impact.
Optical implementation of probabilistic graphical models

We are investigating the use of optics to solve highly connected graphical models by probabilistic inference, and more specifically the sum-product message passing algorithm. We are examining the fundamental limit of size and power requirement according to the best multiplexing strategy we have found. For a million nodes, and an alphabet of a hundred, we found that the minimum size for the optical implementation is 10mm3, and the lowest bound for the power is 200 watts for operation at the shot noise limit. The various functions required for the algorithm to be operational are presented and potential implementations are discussed. These include a vector matrix multiplication using spectral hole burning, a logarithm carried out with two photon absorption, an exponential performed with saturable absorption, a normalization executed with an thermo-optics interferometer, and a wavelength remapping accomplished with a pump-probe amplifier.
Neighborhood Economic Deprivation and Social Fragmentation: Associations With Children’s Sleep

Background & Objective: A growing body of work indicates that experiences of neighborhood disadvantage place children at risk for poor sleep. This study aimed to examine how both neighborhood economic deprivation (a measure of poverty) and social fragmentation (an index of instability) are associated with objective measures of the length and quality of children’s sleep. Participants: Participants were 210 children (54.3% boys) living predominantly in small towns and semirural communities in Alabama. On average children were 11.3 years old (SD = .63); 66.7% of the children were European American and 33.3% were African American. The sample was socioeconomically diverse with 67.9% of the participants living at or below the poverty line and 32.1% from lower-middle-class or middle-class families. Methods: Indicators of neighborhood characteristics were derived from the 2012 American Community Survey and composited to create two variables representing neighborhood economic deprivation and social fragmentation. ...
Spatiotemporal Epidemic Modeling with libSpatialSEIR: Specification, Fitting, Selection, and Prediction

In an increasingly connected world, epidemic modeling techniques are an important tool for understanding epidemic phenomenon and forecasting future pathogen spread. While an extensive literature concerning the application of these techniques to a variety of pathogen life cycles and population contexts has arisen, general-purpose epidemic modeling software has not been forthcoming, especially for computationally challenging stochastic epidemic models. We introduce a general-purpose spatial epidemic modeling framework applicable to many pathogens and describe an open source package for the R statistical computing environment designed to perform such analyses.
The future demographic niche of a declining grassland bird fails to shift poleward in response to climate change

Temperate grasslands and their dependent species are exposed to high variability in weather and climate due to the lack of natural buffers such as forests. Grassland birds are particularly vulnerable to this variability, yet have failed to shift poleward in response to recent climate change like other bird species in North America. However, there have been few studies examining the effect of weather on grassland bird demography and consequent influence of climate change on population persistence and distributional shifts. The goal of this study was to estimate the vulnerability of Henslow’s Sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii), an obligate grassland bird that has been declining throughout much of its range, to past and future climatic variability. We conducted a demographic meta-analysis from published studies and quantified the relationship between nest success rates and variability in breeding season climate. We projected the climate-demography relationships spatially, throughout the breeding range, and temporally, from 1981 to 2050. These projections were used to evaluate population dynamics by implementing a spatially explicit population model. We uncovered a climate-demography linkage for Henslow’s Sparrow with summer precipitation, and to a lesser degree, temperature positively affecting nest success. We found that future climatic conditions—primarily changes in precipitation—will likely contribute to reduced population persistence and a southwestward range contraction. Future distributional shifts in response to climate change may not always be poleward and assessing projected changes in precipitation is critical for grassland bird conservation and climate change adaptation.
Maternal Psychoactive Substance Use and Its Effect on the Neonate

This chapter reviews the impact of maternal psychoactive drug use during pregnancy on the newborn. Substances such as tobacco, coffee, alcohol, and marijuana are commonly used by women during pregnancy, whereas other substances such as heroin, methadone, diazepam, barbiturates, and amphetamines are used less frequently. Drugs such as cocaine and phencyclidine appear to be used more frequently now than in the past. Some of these drugs when used during pregnancy have well-documented teratogenic effects, while for others, particularly marijuana, little information is available. For cocaine and phencyclidine only a small number of case reports are available.
Antimicrobial peptides interact with peptidoglycan

Abstract Traditional therapeutics are losing effectiveness as bacterial resistance increases, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can serve as an alternative source for antimicrobial agents. Their mode of action is commonly hypothesized to involve pore formation in the lipid membrane, thereby leading to cell death. However, bacterial cell walls are much more complex than just the lipid membrane. A large portion of the wall is comprised of peptidoglycan, yet we did not find any report of AMP-peptidoglycan interactions. Consequently, this work evaluated AMP-peptidoglycan and AMP-phospholipid (multilamellar vesicles) interactions through tryptophan fluorescence. Given that peptidoglycan is insoluble and vesicles are large particles, we took advantage of the unique properties of Trp-fluorescence to use one technique for two very different systems. Interestingly, melittin and cecropin A interacted with peptidoglycan to a degree similar to vancomycin, a positive control. Whether these AMP-peptidoglycan interactions relate to a killing mode of action requires further study.
Affective Interventions for High-Ability Students from 1984-2015: A Review of Published Studies.

A search of the literature, from 1984 to 2015, revealed that only 17 empirical studies of direct affective intervention with high-ability students exist in the field of gifted education. These selective 17 studies, with the justifiable data published alongside them, were analyzed. Five major findings included. First, there is a need for more empirical studies of the direct affective interventions in the field. Second, there is a call for more studies with similar research interests to examine the previous findings because almost no two studies have a similar research focus. Third, the contents of direct affective interventions need to be clearly defined so that the similar intervention could be replicated. Fourth, boys and girls preferred same-gender group and group leaders. Fifth, a variety of methods were used. It is a positive finding that researchers used a variety of methods to measure the outcomes of the direct affective interventions.
Renal Pelvic Pressure in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: The Effect of Multiple Tracts

Abstract Introduction: During percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), elevated renal pelvic pressures (RPPs) may spread infection through pyelovenous backflow whereas decreased pressures can hinder ob...