cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF FACILITY LOCATION AND TRANSPORTATION NETWORK DESIGN

Abstract Network location models have been used extensively for siting public and private facilities. In this paper, we investigate a model that simultaneously optimizes facility locations and the design of the underlying transportation network. Motivated by the simple observation that changing the network topology is often more cost-effective than adding facilities to improve service levels, the model has a number of applications in regional planning, distribution, energy management, and other areas. The model generalizes the classical simple plant location problem. We show how the model can be solved effectively. We then use the model to analyze two potential transportation planning scenarios. The fundamental question of resource allocation between facilities and links is investigated, and a detailed sensitivity analysis provides insight into the model's usefulness for aiding budgeting and planning decisions. We conclude by identifying promising research directions.
CD4 regulatory cells in immune tolerance

We have used the classic model of neonatal tolerance to investigate the hypothesis that acquired tolerance depends on the generation of regulatory CD4 cells. Injection of neonatal BALB/c mice with semi-allogeneic CAF1 (BALB/c X A/J) spleen cells induces antigen-specific tolerance (TOL) in 80% of mice. TOL mice accept fully allogeneic A/J skin grafts for >60 days. TOL mice show diminished Th1 CD4 and CD8 cell immunity against A/J in vitro. In contrast, TOL mice show increased levels of anti-A/J Th2 CD4 responses. Thus tolerance is associated with the inhibition of Th1 CD4 and TC1 CD8 responses and the enhancement of Th2 CD4 responses. Because of this relationship, we hypothesized that regulatory Th2 CD4 cells in TOL mice maintain tolerance by blocking activation of A/J-reactive TC1-CD8 cells. Using in vitro BrdU assays to measure CD8 proliferation within unfractionated cell cultures, we showed that CD8 cells from TOL mice proliferate normally to exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) but fail to proliferate in response to A/J cells. The addition of exogenous IL-2 does not restore CD8 proliferation to A/J, ruling out simple CD8 cell anergy. However, when CD4 cells are depleted from the cultures, IL-2 could restore the ability of A/J-reactive CD8 cells to proliferate and to secrete IFN-gamma. Thus CD4 cells from TOL mice inhibit IL-2 rescue of "anergic" A/J-reactive CD8 cells. The results demonstrate a novel link between two major mechanisms of tolerance, immunoredirection and anergy.
Bound-state methods for low-energy electron-ion scattering.

An effective-potential formalism, previously developed for electron scattering by a neutral target, is extended to apply to electron-ion scattering, with the requirement of antisymmetrization now accounted for explicitly. A minimum principle for the effective potential is derived, valid for scattering below the ionization threshold and applicable when, as is usually the case, the target wave functions are imprecisely known. The basis for the minimum principle is the Rayleigh-Ritz property that is satisfied by the modified Hamiltonian in terms of which the effective potential is defined. An analysis of single-channel, zero-energy scattering for a particular partial wave is presented; it is based on the effective-potential formalism and leads to an absolute definition of the zero-energy phase shift \ensuremath{\delta}(0) of the form \ensuremath{\delta}(0)=\ensuremath{\mu}(\ensuremath{\infty})\ensuremath{\pi}, where \ensuremath{\mu}(n) is the quantum defect of the nth energy level. This result may be thought of as an extension of Levinson's theorem for scattering by short-range potentials. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Tetraphenylborate stimulation of phospholipid labeling in goldfish brain.

Abstract The presence of tetraphenylborate (TPB, 10 −3 M to 10 −4 M) in goldfish brain particulate preparations during a 5–15 min incubation with γ- 32 P-ATP or γ- 33 P-ATP results in marked stimulation of labeling of phosphatidate and a decrease in labeling of phosphatidyl inositol phosphate. Incorporation into phosphatidyl inositol diphosphate, a minor labeled phospholipid, is also depressed by TPB. We suggest the TPB effect is mediated by stimulation of a phosphodiesterase releasing diglyceride from phospholipid, which then reacts with labeled ATP, catalyzed by diglyceride kinase.
ATTRIBUTES FOR EXPEDIENT COMPUTER VISION INSPECTION

Abstract The visual inspection of parts as they progress through die manufacturing process is an important task in all industries. Visual inspection, when performed by humans is a tedious task and is prone to error. This is precisely what makes it a good candidate for automation. Although computer vision systems have been around for over 30 years, die industrial applications of vision systems have become practical only in die last decade. Image processing and pattern recognition algorithms used in industrial vision systems are built upon a broad body of knowledge in vision research. But the use of computer vision systems in quality control has been limited to replicating die visual inspection tasks as they would be performed by a human operator. It is die contention of this study that when computerized inspection is employed, quality control inspection plans suitable for computerized inspection should also be employed to assure cost-effectiveness. We study a simple gauging inspection task and propose a qu...
Validity of neuropsychological test results in disability evaluations.

A group of 50 disability claimants referred by the Social Security Administration for neuropsychological screening were administered a 36-item, forced-choice, digit-recognition method of detecting ...
Colorimetric assay for biofilms in wet processing conditions

Controlling bacterial biofilms is necessary for food safety and industrial processing in clean room environments. Our goal was to develop a method to quantitatively measure biofilm produced by pathogens under wet poultry production and processing conditions. Stainless steel and glass coupons were incubated in aqueous media containing reduced nutrients and exposed to Listeria monocytogenes under static temperature and humidity conditions. Samples were measured separately by biofilm assay and viable cell density, and then confirmed by spectrophotometry and microscopy. The biofilm assay resulted in different t groupings from the cell density. The mean from the biofilm assay was 0.50, and the error% was 0.595. The mean of the log10 density (cfu/cm2) was 5.90, and the standard deviation ranged from 0.127 to 0.438 on 24 coupons. The typical sequence of biofilm development, followed by microscopy of biofilm grown on glass coupons, exhibited a change from dispersed single cells to an all-over pattern of clumps with few dispersed cells. L. monocytogenes formed biofilms on all of the substrata tested. Bacterial counts from planktonic cultures at 24, 48, 72, and 144 h confirmed that L. monocytogenes remained viable throughout the experiment and reached equilibrium between 6 and 24 h. The cell density log10/ml was 8.01, 8.03, 7.69, and 6.66, respectively; and the standard deviation ranged from 0.156 to 0.394. The data will be used to grow stable biofilms of Listeria spp. collected from the food processing environment for further study. This is the first use of the crystal violet assay for measurement of bacterial biofilms on stainless steel under these conditions. The methods tested are applicable to other bacteria and substrata.
Infection of the heart cockle, Clinocardium nuttallii, from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, with an endosymbiotic alga

Abstract Clinocardium nuttallii from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, were found to harbor an endosymbiotic alga. Some aspects of this relationship are presented. The areas of infection include the siphon, mantle, and occasionally the foot. C. nuttallii under 2 years old are not infected; the incidence and intensity of the infection increases in the older age groups. For all ages the incidence averages 35%. Pigment composition, morphology, and growth characteristics of the alga are similar to those found in the genus Chlorella. In situ, the algae form dense, sometimes massive colonies but do not appear to cause any host reaction or enfeeblement. The thick layers surrounding the algal cells in situ, the dense colonies, and the in vitro reaction to host extract suggest the alga is parasitic. However, the presence of chloroplasts, the location of the algal cells only in illuminated tissue, the seemingly unhampered reproduction in situ, and the eventual adaptation to mineral medium suggest the alga is a facultative parasite. Experimental infection was achieved by feeding mature uninfected cockles a diet of only symbiont cells. In vitro observations found the symbiont cells readily engulfed by host blood amoebocytes. It is believed that the animal acquires the infection through phagocytosis of the symbiont cells and subsequent diapedesis across epithelial barriers by host amoebocytic cells.
CLASSIFICATION OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS FOR NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL AND INTEGRAL SYSTEMS WITH CRITICAL EXPONENTS

Abstract We classify all positive solutions for the following integral system: { u i ( x ) = ∫ R n 1 | x − y | n − a f i ( u ( y ) d y , x ∈ R n , i = 1 , … , m , 0 α n , a n d u ( x ) = ( u 1 ( x ) , u 2 ( x ) , … , u m ( x ) ) . Here fi(u), 1 ≤ i ≤ m, are real-valued functions of homogeneous degree n + α n − α and are monotone nondecreasing with respect to all the independent variables u1, u2, …, um. In the special case n > 3 and α = 2, we show that the above system is equivalent to the following elliptixc PDE system: { − Δ u i ( x ) = f i ( u ( x ) ) , x ∈ R n , i = 1 , … , m , a n d u ( x ) = ( u 1 ( x ) , u 2 ( x ) , … , u m ( x ) ) . This system is closely related to the stationary Schrodinger system with critical exponents for Bose-Einstein condensate.
An Evaluation of Banthine in Hyperhidrosis

Forty-four subjects with varying degrees of hyperhidrosis and four normal subjects were given daily doses of Banthine bromide (beta-diethylaminoethyl xanthene-9-carboxylate methobromide) over a period of four to six months. A few selected subjects were also given placebos at irregular intervals. A complete hematological study, electrocardiogram (Lead II), and basal metabolic rate were done on each subject before administration of the drug and at intervals during the study. Results indicate that the hematopoietic system is unaffected, and that the basal metabolic rate and electrocardiogram tracing deviate little from the normal. Some side reactions appear concomitant with administration of the drug, and in a few cases a tolerance develops. Banthine bromide effectively controls the hyperhidrosis as long as administration of the drug is continued. The limitations of the drug are discussed.
Thrombosis after septal closure device placement: a review of the current literature.

Thrombus formation has been described for all types of commercially available transcatheter septal occlusion devices. Most reports have been single-institution case studies. Screening for hypercoagulable conditions prior to device placement and anticoagulation after device deployment has been variable. The objective of this study was to synthesize the current experience with device thrombosis; the Medline database from 1980 until 2004 was searched. Seventeen articles identified 54 unique patients with device thrombosis. Thrombus developed on eight different types of transcatheter devices. All commercially available devices had at least one reported case of thrombosis. Patient mean age was 44.2 ± 9.8 years. Thrombosis was diagnosed at a mean of 5 months after device deployment. Prior to device placement, 12 patients had normal coagulation evaluations and 5 had coagulopathies. For 37 patients, no mention was made in the report of coagulation studies. Prior to device thrombosis, 26 patients received aspirin and clopidrogel, 15 patients received aspirin alone, 8 received warfarin, 2 heparin alone, 1 aspirin and warfarin. One patient with hemophilia A received no anticoagulation and in one case treatment prior to thrombosis was not reported. After device thrombosis, 35 patients were treated with warfarin with thrombus resolution, 2 had successful lytic therapy, 1 was treated with heparin alone. Sixteen patients had surgical explantation of the device. Septal occlusion device thrombosis is rare. All types of commercially available devices have been associated with thrombosis. All patients should have early (≤ 3 months) echocardiographic surveillance for device thrombosis. Thorough coagulation evaluation is imperative prior to transcatheter device placement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;63:486–489. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
RETAIL LOGISTICS & THE SUBURBAN STORE

Professor Rosenberg argues that, in the US at least, the traditional department store, faced with rising expenses, is in danger of becoming the victim of the ‘wheel of retailing’ hypothesis. In order to survive, running costs may have to be cut by 10%; one way is to re‐appraise the role of physical distribution — or retail logistics as it is described in the States.
A possible mechanism of action of a central stimulant substance isolated from the sea anemone Stoichactis kenti.

Abstract An active fraction causing central stimulation (evidence as fighting episodes) in mice has been isolated from a sea anemone, most probably Stoichactis kenti . It was found to be a basic polypeptide. The ED 50 of the active fraction was 6.4 mg/kg (i.p.) and LD 50 was 12.2 mg/kg (i.p.). The antagonism of the active fraction-induced stimulant activity by phenobarbital sodium, chlorpromazine and methocarbamol suggests that this activity was probably mediated centrally. Reserpine or tetrabenazine, but not α-methyl-p-tyrosine (α-MPT) pretreatment, decreased the ED 50 of the active fraction. D,L-Dopa treatment also decreased the ED 50 of the active fraction and restored the stimulant action after its abolition by combined treatment with α-MPT and reserpine or α-MPT and disulfiram. These results suggest that a central adrenergic mechanism plays a major role in this stimulant action of the active substance; inhibition by β-adrenoceptor antagonists also support this hypothesis. Interactions with cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs also exist which are not incompatible with this hypothesis.
Correlation between glycerolipids and pheromone aldehydes in the sex pheromone gland of female tobacco hornworm moths, Manduca sexta (L.)

Analysis by TLC and HPLC revealed that the triacylglycerols comprise the most abundant lipid class in the sex pheromone glands of Manduca sexta females. Also, conjugated olefinic acyl analogs of the major pheromone aldehydes occur principally in the triacylglycerols. The amount of triacylglycerols with conjugated diene acyl moieties significantly decreased when the period of pheromone production was extended by 7 h beyond the normal period of pheromone production by 3 injections of pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) at 3 h intervals. This decrease indicates that the triacylglycerols stored in the gland may serve as major sources of pheromone precursors in the biosynthesis of the sex pheromone aldehydes. Furthermore, analysis of pheromone aldehydes and triacylglycerols in the gland from moths treated with PBAN showed that the proportions of the triacylglycerols with conjugated diene moieties were closely correlated with the proportions of aldehydes found in the same gland. This correlation suggests that the proportions of fatty acids bound to certain triacylglycerols regulates the proportions of aldehydes in biosynthesis of the pheromone blend in M. sexta. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
Approximate Euclidean shortest path in 3-space

Papadimitriou's approximation approach to the Euclidean shortest path (ESP) problem in 3-space is revisited. As this problem is NP-hard, his approach represents an important step towards practical algorithms. Unfortunately, there are non-trivial gaps in the original description. Besides giving a complete treatment, we also give an alternative to his subdivision method which has some nice properties. Among the tools needed are root-separation bounds and non-trivial applications of Brent's complexity bounds on evaluation of elementary functions using floating point numbers.
Vectoring siRNA therapeutics into the clinic.

Nanoparticles are a promising vector-based strategy for the therapeutic administration of small interfering (si)RNA because they protect siRNA from nuclease degradation. A recent phase I study employed transferrin–targeted nanovectors to demonstrate RNA interference mechanisms in a melanoma patient. Multifunctional nanoparticles are providing patient-specific biodistributions of systemically administered siRNA.
Celiac Disease: An Overview and Management for Primary Care Nurse Practitioners

Abstract Celiac disease, a multisystem, immune-mediated disorder, has evolved into a more prevalent disorder than once thought. The latest studies suggest that approximately 3 million Americans are affected, with many more undiagnosed. Diagnosis is often difficult, as clinical symptoms vary from overt, classical presentations to more atypical and asymptomatic manifestations. Early diagnosis with serologic testing and small bowel biopsy is the gold standard. Adherence to a strict gluten-free diet is the only treatment in achieving remission and preventing complications. This article discusses the disease pathogenesis, the broad constellation of clinical features, comprehensive diagnosis and management, and advanced practice nursing implications.
Guidelines for choosing molecular alligator clip binding motifs in electron transport devices

We employ a one-electron, tight-binding model of an electrode–molecule–electrode junction to explore the fundamental relationship between adsorption geometry and electron transport, producing exact results (within this model). By varying the chemisorption location (e.g., atop a surface atom or in a hollow site between surface atoms) and the molecule–electrode coupling, we find that the largest currents are realized when the molecule (i) is highly coordinated by the surface and (ii) has favorable overlap with electrode states near the Fermi level. We also show the importance of electrode-induced molecular level shifting for certain adsorption geometries, which can cause molecular levels far from the Fermi level to conduct better than those near the Fermi level. Since all of these factors are greatly influenced by the chemical moiety used to link the molecule to an electrode, these results present a set of guidelines to help choose “alligator clips” for molecular electronic devices.
Meteorites with short cosmic-ray exposure ages, as determined from their Al26 content

Al 26 content of stony meteorites by coincidence spectrometry noting cosmic ray exposure ages for eight meteorites
CB(1) antagonism restores hepatic insulin sensitivity without normalization of adiposity in diet-induced obese dogs.

The endocannabinoid system is highly implicated in the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity. It has been shown that antagonism of the CB1 receptor improves insulin sensitivity ...
Semantic vector space model : Implementation and evaluation

This article presents the Semantic Vector Space Model (SVSM), a text representation and searching technique based on the combination of Vector Space Model (VSM) with heuristic syntax parsing and distributed representation of semantic case structures. In this model, both documents and queries are represented as semantic matrices. A search mechanism is designed to compute the similarity between two semantic matrices to predict relevancy. A prototype system was built to implement this model by modifying the SMART system and using the Xerox Part-Of-Speech (P-O-S) tagger as the pre-processor of the indexing process. The prototype system was used in an experimental study to evaluate this technique in terms of precision, recall, and effectiveness of relevance ranking. The results of the study showed that if documents and queries were too short (typically less than 2 lines in length), the technique was less effective than VSM. But with longer documents and queries, especially when original documents were used as queries, we found that the system based on our technique had significantly better performance than SMART. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An explanation for low radiometric ages from glauconite

Abstract K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages from glauconites are about ten to twenty per cent lower than the age of sedimentation. Previous studies have indicated that these low ages are not attributable to normal diffusion loss of Ar from glauconite crystallites. The possibility of argon loss from ‘open’ potassium sites, such as on crystal surfaces and from expanded layers, was investigated by acid dissolution techniques. These studies show that potassium is removed from glauconites with low expandabilities at three different rates. The highest dissolution rate corresponds to cation exchange and comprises five to ten per cent of the total potassium. About five per cent of the total potassium is removed at a much slower rate than that of cation exchange, but at an order of magnitude faster than the bulk of the potassium. Activation energies calculated from rate constants determined at 50° and 80°C, for one sample gave values of 19 kcal/mole for the lowest dissolution rate and 14 kcal/mole for the intermediate rate. It appears that low radiometric ages from glauconites can be largely explained by the presence of potassium in sites where argon is readily lost, although such factors as late epigenetic gain of potassium by glauconite may also contribute to their low radiometric ages. A method is described for making quantitative corrections for such daughter product loss in radiometric age determinations.
Propagation and defocusing of intense ion beams in a background plasma

The effect of collective interactions between an intense ion beam and a background plasma is found to increase the plasma return current above that necessary for current neutralization, which eventually contributes to defocusing of the beam. (AIP)
On boundary layer transition in high-subsonic and transonic flow under the influence of acoustic disturbances and free-stream turbulence

The existing data base which quantifies the roles played by the Mach number, turbulence level, and acoustic noise in the flow quality of wind tunnels is reviewed. Attention is given to the effects on end (ET) and beginning (BT) transitions in flows over a 10 deg cone in transonic channels. The Re of both ET and BT flows were significantly affected by the Mach number, acoustic noise level and the noise frequency content. A unit increment in the Mach number increased the Re beyond 3,000,000, while noise below the 1 percent level in the rms pressure coefficient did not alter the transition phenomenon. More data are required on the effects of turbulence, which was a significant factor, and in the settling chamber, test section, plenum and diffuser to trace the locations and magnitudes of the acoustic sources.
Apoptosis induced by a postbinding step of vaccinia virus entry into Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract Unlike most cell types examined, nonpermissive Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells readily underwent apoptosis upon infection with vaccinia virus (VV). Apoptosis was observed as early as 3 h postinfection with an electrophoretic assay of DNA fragmentation and by 8 h using an in situ (TUNEL) assay. The CHO hr gene from cowpox virus, which overcomes host range restriction of VV in CHO cells, merely delayed the onset of apoptosis by approximately 3 h. Intermediate and late viral protein synthesis were not necessary for apoptosis since these events do not proceed under nonpermissive conditions. Apoptosis also occurred in the presence of cytosine arabinoside or cycloheximide, which inhibits DNA or protein synthesis, respectively, and after infection with a mutant virus that is blocked in early transcription. We also demonstrated that viral early transcription was not required for induction of apoptosis by infecting CHO cells with psoralen/UV-inactivated virus. On the other hand, apoptosis was inhibited by a neutralizing antibody to the virion L1R protein added either before or after virus attachment to cells. These results indicate that a postbinding step associated with cell entry is sufficient and required for induction of apoptosis in CHO cells. Recent progress on apoptotic signaling pathways raises the possibility that a cellular receptor for VV may be involved in apoptosis.
Studies on the effects of anticonvulsant drugs on the activity of vitamin D in rats and dogs.

An accelerated metabolism and consequent decreased activity of vitamin D3 has been considered to be responsible for the osteomalacia associated with the use of anticonvulsant drugs. To investigate the effects of sodium phenobarbital and sodium diphenylhydantoin on the activity of vitamin D, rachitic rats were dosed daily for 9–10 days with the maximal tolerated doses of the drugs and twice during that time with graded doses of vitamin D3. The healing of rickets in these rats was comparable to that in rats receiving only the vitamin. Adult Beagle dogs were given sodium phenobarbital, mixed in a normal diet, at a dose of 35 mg/kg/day for 20 months. Although liver microsomal enzyme induction developed, osteomalacia did not. The results show that the biologic activity of vitamin D was not affected by phenobarbital or diphenylhydantoin under the conditions of these studies.
Characterization of a novel passive RF filter for frequencies of 4-225 MHz

The design and experimental characterization of a passive RF (4-225 MHz) filter pertinent to industrial and military aviation environments is presented. The filter utilizes three different low-pass stages and a simple DC discriminating circuit. A detailed theoretical analysis (lumped parameter modeling) of the filter's frequency response is provided. Even though it is not part of the initial design criteria, the filter also effectively blocks both out-of-band high-frequency (f>225 MHz) and low-frequency (f>4 MHz) harmonics. >
Verschiedene Elektrodenformen und ‐materialien für die Chloralkali‐Elektrolyse

Fur die Entwicklung der Chloralkali-Elektrolyse waren die Auswahl und Formgebung des Anodenmaterials wichtig. Anoden aus Edelmetallen und deren Legierungen sowie aus Magnetit haben nur geringe Bedeutung erlangt. Heute werden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen nur Platten aus Graphit als Anoden verwendet, und zwar sowohl in Billiter- und Quecksilber-Zellen als auch in der Hooker-Zelle. Mit wachsender Belastung wurde die ursprunglich kompakte Plattenform durch Anbringen von Schlitzen und Gasabzugslochern aufgelost, die Oberflache dadurch vergrosert und die Anodenuberspannung vermindert. Auf die konstruktive Form der Anschlusstabe und deren Bedeutung auf das Spannungsverhalten wird hingewiesen.
Entropy-Based Approach for Uncertainty Propagation of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems

Uncertainty propagation of dynamical systems is a common need across many domains and disciplines. In nonlinear settings, the extended Kalman filter is the de facto standard propagation tool. Recently, a new class of propagation methods called sigma-point Kalman filters was introduced, which eliminated the need for explicit computation of tangent linear matrices. It has been shown in numerous cases that the actual uncertainty of a dynamical system cannot be accurately described by a Gaussian probability density function. This has motivated work in applying the Gaussian mixture model approach to better approximate the non-Gaussian probability density function. A limitation to existing approaches is that the number of Gaussian components of the Gaussian mixture model is fixed throughout the propagation of uncertainty. This limitation has made previous work ill-suited for nonstationary probability density functions either due to inaccurate representation of the probability density function or computational b...
Philosophical Implications of the Systemic and Patient-Oriented Management of Chronic Heart Failure

Chronic heart failure is a lifelong disease that involves a large variety of symptoms and, ultimately, the entire organism relatively early in the disease process. At least in part, this is in contrast to other chronic conditions such as diabetes, renal failure or cancer. Modern treatment of patients with chronic heart failure goes beyond the mere prescription of vasodilators or inotropes. The multitude of multi-organ involvements and associated symptoms unrelated to pure cardiac contractile failure, as well as the psychosocial burden for patients and their direct environment, calls for a re-engagement with the philosophical aspects of medical care. Such a process may well challenge the approach commonly taken by health care providers. We further suggest a broader and more holistic view of medical care—in this case in regard to heart failure—and one that is based on patients’ and physicians’ understanding of health and disease, autonomy, suffering, existential values and expectations that might positively affect treatment strategies and outcomes.
A video conferencing system for the United States Army

Abstract The purpose of this article is to review the physical design, software requirements, organizational culture and management issues in a video conferencing system. The audience for the paper is researchers and future users of GDSS from both academia, government and business. The author's approach will be to discuss software, hardware features, and management improvements potential. Though this sytem is within the U.S. Army's culture, business organizations are exploring distributed GDSS. Organizational computing and organizational information for all organizations will hinge on GDSS. Since the author could approach this writing from the academic role, Major in the U.S. Army Reserves or GDSS researcher looking to secure research or grant fund, it is best to chose one role and write accordingly. The author chooses GDSS researcher and will try, without bias, to cover this exciting example of distributed GDSS. The Army's difficulty in using this system is that after building it, the usage was not as expected. Their purpose is to improve utilization. Initially, the physical system is described. The software support, which doesn't currently exist, for users (Tool Kit) is defined for various levels of implementation. For constant improvement of the GDSS, evaluation procedures are outlined. Since this effort is viewed as developmental, future research directions are suggested. The Army;s cost justification for the system is the travel cost savings. Cost savings are important to business and government organizations alike; however, the author feels effectiveness will become the driving force in the future. For example, timeliness will gain in value. Currently, the decision process forces a decision when required. This process will change to require a certain level of information and evaluation within the time-frame. These information analyses will be made possible by the distributed GDSS.
Studies of the excited states of biological systems using UV-excited resonance Raman and picosecond transient Raman spectroscopy

Ground state resonance Raman spectroscopy and picosecond transient Raman spectroscopy provide similar information. The former method superimposes excited state structural information on the ground state vibrational spectrum while the latter method is a direct probe of the excited state vibrational spectrum. When the two methods are taken together the resonance Raman spectrum provides a means for correlating vibrational bands in the ground state spectrum with bands observed in the excited state transient spectra. We are using a MHz amplified synchronously pumped dye laser as the source for our experiments. We demonstrate recent improvements in the laser system that increase the power and extend the wavelength coverage. We use the source to study the vibrational spectra of dilute solutions of biological molecules and to study the structure of the excited state of trans-stilbene in several solvents. 1.
A facility for production of improved carbon foils

Abstract Tests of an apparatus intended for the production of cracked-hydrocarbon foils have begun. Such foils are used for strippers, windows, and filters for both soft X-rays and the near infrared. Thus far, pilot quantities of such foils have been produced with various substrate materials; full-scale operation is expected by late 1984.
DFT Investigation of the Catalytic Hydromethylation of α-Olefins by Metallocenes. 1. Differences between Scandium and Lutetium in Propene Hydromethylation

A DFT study of the catalytic properties of Cp2ScCH3 and Cp2LuCH3 in the hydromethylation of propene has been performed. The catalytic behavior of Cp2ScCH3 is confirmed, and the formation of secondary products is rationalized. It is shown that Cp2LuCH3 cannot exhibit catalytic behavior and that only stoichiometric conversion of propene to isobutane could be observed. The difference in reactivities between the two metallocenes has been investigated, and an electronic explanation is given based on differences in the coordination of propene. However, the intrinsic reactivities of the two metallocenes is proposed to be driven by both electronic and steric effects.
Valleys on Hecates Tholus, Mars: origin by basal melting of summit snowpack

Abstract Valley networks observed on the martian surface are found mostly on Noachian-aged highlands units, but a few occur on younger volcanic edifices. Enigmatically, they do not occur on all younger volcanoes of similar age or location. Using new data, we reanalyze the radially arrayed valleys on the flanks of Hecates Tholus, a Hesperian-aged shield volcano, and test the hypothesis that these valleys might have formed via basal melting of summit snowpack. We find that magmatic intrusions with reasonable geometries provide sufficient heat flux to cause basal melting of snowpack, with the resulting meltwater interpreted to be responsible for incision of the observed valleys. Valley morphology is similar to valleys observed adjacent to seasonally melting Antarctic Dry Valley glaciers formed on comparable slopes, supporting the hypothesis of a snowmelt origin. These relatively young valley networks are thus plausibly interpreted to form under circumstances in which summit snow accumulation was melted during one or more episodes of high localized heat flux.
Prevention of autoimmune demyelination in non-human primates by a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Abstract Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. We evaluated rolipram, a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, for its efficacy in preventing EAE in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus. In a blinded experimental design, clinical signs of EAE developed within 17 days of immunization with human white matter in two placebo-treated animals but in none of three monkeys that received rolipram (10 mg/kg s.c. every other day) beginning 1 week after immunization. In controls, signs of EAE were associated with development of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis and cerebral MRI abnormalities. In the treatment group, there was sustained protection from clinical EAE, transient cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in only one of three animals, no MRI abnormality, and marked reduction in histopathologic findings. Rolipram-treated and control animals equally developed circulating antibodies to myelin basic protein. Thus, inhibition of type IV phosphodiesterase, initiated after sensitization to central nervous system antigens, protected against autoimmune demyelinating disease.
Critical Co-Constructed Autoethnography

In this article, the authors describe critical co-constructed autoethnography as a methodology steeped in critical theory, critical pedagogy and critical race theory. It provides a way for collabor...
Oxytocin release in magnocellular nuclei: neurochemical mediators and functional significance during gestation

When released from dendrites within the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei (intranuclear release) during suckling, oxytocin exerts autocrine and paracrine effects on oxytocin neurons that are necessary for the unique timing and episodic pattern of oxytocin release into the systemic circulation that is characteristic of lactation. Recent reports have shown that stimulation of central noradrenergic and histaminergic receptors are both necessary for intranuclear release of oxytocin in response to suckling. In addition, in vitro studies indicate that excitatory amino acids may also be critical for central oxytocin secretion, although in vivo experiments have not provided direct support for this hypothesis. In addition to a critical role in intranuclear oxytocin release during lactation, norepinephrine has also been shown to stimulate central oxytocin during gestation. Stimulation of central oxytocin receptors during gestation appears critical for normal systemic oxytocin secretion in responses to suckling during the subsequent period of lactation. Oxytocin receptor blockade during pregnancy alters normal timing of systemic oxytocin release during suckling and reduces milk delivery. Several adaptations occur in the central oxytocin system that are necessary for determining the unique response characteristic observed during parturition and gestation. Central oxytocin receptor stimulation during gestation has been implicated in pregnancy-related morphological changes in magnocellular oxytocin neurons, disinhibition of oxytocin neurons to GABA, and adaptations in membrane response characteristics of oxytocin neurons. In conclusion, intranuclear oxytocin release during gestation and lactation are critical for establishing, and then evoking the unique pattern of systemic oxytocin secretion in response to the suckling offspring necessary for adequate milk delivery. Furthermore, activation of central noradrenergic receptors appears to be critical for release of central oxytocin in both of these reproductive states.
Production and characterization of synthetic wood chars for use as surrogates for natural sorbents

Abstract Wood char is an important source of environmental black carbon that affects the fate of organic contaminants in soils and sediments and plays a role in carbon cycling. Currently, the research community has need for char standards for laboratory use that are representative of naturally occurring chars. This investigation presents a scientific approach to the production of synthetic chars that have properties of a natural char produced by forest fire. The natural char examined for this purpose was that of a pitch pine obtained from the New Jersey Pine Barrens; however, the developed characterization approach is more generally applicable toward understanding and producing surrogate synthetic materials for any natural wood char. Small blocks of pitch pine wood were pyrolyzed using ramp rates between 30 and 1000 °C/h and with maximum temperatures between 450 and 1000 °C. The chars were then characterized using helium-based solid density, electrical resistivity, H/C ratio, PAH analysis and surface area measurements. A comparison of these key parameters among the synthetic and natural chars clearly demonstrated that the natural char had experienced maximum temperatures of 500–600 °C. Additional studies based on re-heating suggest that the char had experienced very rapid heating rates (greater than 200 °C/h) during its formation.
Development of Commercial RE123 Coated Conductors for Practical Applications by IBAD/PLD Approach

Abstract Longitudinal homogeneity and REBa2Cu3Ox: RE123 thickness dependence of in-field superconducting properties for commercial RE123 coated conductors (C.C.) were measured at varied temperatures. Self-field Ic homogeneity for typical ∼500-m long samples were evaluated below 2% measured by continues reel-to-reel measurement. In-field Ic distributions were not changed at temperatures from 10K to 77.3K, being estimated by Ic measurements at separated points of a 1 km long sample. Linear dependences of in-field Ic on RE123 thickness up to 5 μm were observed at temperatures of 20K and 77.3K, in contrast with non-linear dependences observed for self-field Ic for RE123 films. The results indicate good longitudinal homogeneity and universal linearity of thickness dependence for in-field Ic at wide temperature range, which suggest simple scaling for in-field Ic of RE123 wires among different temperatures.
The Concentration of Myoglobin and Hemoglobin in Tuna Flesh

SUMMARY Amounts of myoglobin and hemoglobin were determined in light and dark muscle of yellowfin tuna, Neothunnus macropterus. Myoglobin concentration ranged from 0.37 to 1.28 mg/g wet weight in light muscle and from 5.3 to 24.4 mg/g in dark muscle; hemoglobin concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 0.58 mg/g in light muscle and from 0.5 to 3.8 mg/g in dark muscle. The fish were divided into two groups on the basis of means of capture, i.e., taken on hooks from a bait boat, or seined. Average percentage of hemoglobin was slightly, but not significantly, higher in the seined fish. Of the total heme pigments, myoglobin constituted 69–85% in light muscle and 81–95% in dark muscle from bait-boat fish, and 47–81% in light muscle and 84–98% in dark muscle of seined fish.
THE IMPACT OF MASS TRANSIT ON RESIDENTIAL‐PROPERTY VALUES

ABSTRACT A major impact of mass transit on property values is the capitalization of the reductions in travel costs (travel savings) afforded by a new transportation alternative. The model of mass transit impact presented improves upon existing models in four ways. First, a statistical method is provided to hold constant the factors that might affect property values other than the transportation improvement. Second, the property value gradient to the CBD can be derived by utilizing empirical estimations. Third, two property value gradients are incorporated into the model to study impact. Finally, a “residualization'’process controls multicollinearity among housing attributes. The model is used to estimate the impact of newly introduced bus routes on Denver's residential property values.
Liver blood flow, antipyrine clearance, and antipyrine metabolite formation clearance in patients with chronic active hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis.

Duplex scanning was used to measure liver blood flow (hepatic artery and main branches of the portal and hepatic veins) in six healthy subjects, five cirrhotic patients, and six hepatitis patients. Antipyrine clearance and formation clearances to its metabolites were also measured. Compared with healthy control subjects, cirrhotic patients had a lower hepatic vein blood flow (-76%, P < 0.05). This was due primarily to a lower portal vein blood flow (-36%, NS). A statistically significant difference in liver blood flow between patients with hepatitis and normal subjects was not detected. Antipyrine half-life, clearance, and the area under the serum drug concentration vs time curve were significantly different in cirrhotic patients compared with the healthy subjects (mean +/- s.d.-healthy controls: t1/2 = 13.7 +/- 3.0 h, CL = 30.0 +/- 8.6 ml h-1 kg-1, AUC = 549 +/- 139 mg l-1 h; cirrhotic patients: t1/2 = 32.4 +/- 1.7 h, CL = 12.3 +/- 2.1 ml h-1 kg-1, AUC = 1061 +/- 218 mg l-1 h; P < 0.008). Antipyrine half-life, clearance, and the area under the serum drug concentration vs time curve were not significantly different in hepatitis patients compared with the healthy subjects (hepatitis patients: t1/2 = 14.3 +/- 3.7 h, CL = 29.3 +/- 8.5 ml h-1 kg-1, AUC = 498 +/- 142 mg l-1 h). The volume of distribution of antipyrine was similar in all three groups of subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Continuous extrusion cooking of cottonseed kernels and of partially defatted meal

Continuous extrusion cooking produces a short time pressure cooking of the material in process. The Wenger extruder-cooker has been successfully applied by others to soybeans for manufacture of full fat flour. This is a report of an investigation of the extruder-cooker applied to glanded cottonseed kernels and to partially defatted cottonseed meal. The purpose was production of cottonseed flour for human food. The principal objective in extruder processing was lowering of free gossypol to 0.12% of protein. On full fat kernels the extruder system was effective in lowering free gossypol. Most of the binding occurred in the preconditioner, and the extruder itself was relatively ineffective in binding gossypol. However the contribution of the extruder was necessary to allow free gossypol levels of 0.12% of protein to be reached. Flaked kernels cooked in this manner and then dried were successfully screwpressed. The extruder system was effective also in binding gossypol in ground, screened (through 30 mesh) meal but not in ground, unscreened meal.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in hospitalized heart failure patients.

Abstract Background Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a concerning problem for hospitalized heart failure (HF) patients. Current recommendations are that all hospitalized New York Heart Association Class III or IV HF patients should receive VTE prophylaxis. Our purpose was to describe the rate of use and the characteristics of patients receiving VTE prophylaxis in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). Methods and Results HF hospitalization episodes in ADHERE were analyzed. Patients were excluded from analysis if they were receiving Coumadin or intravenous heparin, had elevated troponin levels, underwent cardiac catheterization or dialysis before or during hospitalization, or were initially admitted to the intensive care unit. VTE prophylaxis was defined as low-molecular-weight or subcutaneous unfractionated heparin administered at any time during hospitalization and intravenous vasoactive therapy was defined as any inotrope, inodilator, or vasodilator. Chi-square, analysis of variance, and Wilcoxon tests were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Logistic regression was used to evaluate outcomes. A total of 155,073 entries were evaluated, with 71,376 eligible for VTE prophylaxis; 21,847 (31%) received VTE prophylaxis. VTE prophylaxis patients were more often African American (28% versus 21%) or admitted from the emergency department (84% versus 79%), compared with those who did not receive VTE prophylaxis (both P P P P P P = .69). Conclusions Despite recommendations that all hospitalized New York Heart Association III and IV CHF patients receive venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis, less than one third of eligible patients receive this guideline recommended therapy.
Phenomena discovery in WSNs: A compressive sensing based approach

A Compressive Sensing (CS) based solution is proposed for centralized and distributed discovery of physical phenomena in large scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). WSNs monitoring environmental phenomena over large geographic areas collect measurements from a large number of distributed sensors. Compressive Sensing provides an effective means of discovery and reconstruction of functions with only a subset of samples. Traditional CS relies on uniformly distributed samples which limits practicality of CS based recovery. To enhance the flexibility of sampling and implementation, the proposed approach uses random walk based samples. Unlike uniform sampling, random walk based sampling enables individual nodes achieve phenomenon awareness, i.e., the physical distribution of the phenomenon. We also derive a theoretical upper bound for the reconstruction failure probability. Simulation results on the number of samples required and error show that random walk based sampling is comparable to uniform sampling but with superior energy efficiency. More importantly, the proposed scheme provides a practical solution for a range of applications where uniform sampling is less economical or even infeasible.