cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel Roles of Kinesin-8 in Organizing Mitotic Spindles

The kinesin-8 family of microtubule motors plays a critical role in microtubule length control in cells. The budding yeast kinesin-8 Kip3 is a microtubule plus end-specific depolymerase, which apparently destabilizes microtubules and mitotic spindles. We identified a secondary tubulin-binding domain on the C-terminal tail of Kip3. With the tail-binding to tubulin, Kip3 can transport tubulin dimers along microtubules. Kip3 can also slide apart anti-parallel microtubules whereas parallel microtubules display a tug-of-war behavior in the presence of Kip3. To investigate the physiological role of this newly found microtubule-crosslinking activity of Kip3, we made a tail-less mutant form of Kip3, which does not contain the crosslinking activity. We expressed this mutant at the depolymerase activity similar to the wild-type Kip3. We found spindles are fragile and prematurely broke during anaphase. On the other hand, cells expressing a Kip3 mutant that loses the depolymerase activity but maintains motility and the crosslinking-activity, have more stabilized spindles, compared to kip3-null cells. These data suggest that Kip3 has a tail-mediated stabilizing effect on mitotic spindles. Combining the previously found depolymerase activity, we propose a “slide, crosslink and chew” model to describe the roles of Kip3/kinesin-8 in organizing mitotic spindles.
Exception Handling and Recovery of Semantic Web Services

In this paper we present an approach for specification of exception handling and recovery of semantic web services based on OWLS. We use standard fault handlers and compensation known for example from WS-BPEL to provide support for long running transactions. In addition to that, we introduce constraint violation handlers (CV-handlers) which allow a designer to define what situations are supposed to trigger an erroneous state and what are the appropriate recovery actions. Further, we introduce explicit recovery actions such as retry and replaceBy to recover from the failure and to restore a normal execution flow. By combining fault handlers, CV-handlers and standard event handlers it is possible to define ways of recovery for standard errors and for violations of constraints resulting for example from Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
Urinary Tract Infections in Older Adults

Urinary tract infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Urinary tract infections often present with subtle and atypical symptoms in older women and men. Asymptomatic bacteriuria, when repetitively treated with antibiotics, contributes to a high rate of antibiotic resistant organisms. Clinical practice guidelines have been developed and recently updated for the evaluation and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria, complicated and uncomplicated urinary tract infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. When a documented urinary tract infection meets the guideline criteria for treatment, therapy is based on the location of infection (upper versus lower tract disease), host factors (complicated and uncomplicated individuals), and the likely causative agent and local resistance patterns. The presentation, diagnosis, and management of asymptomatic bacteriuria, complicated and uncomplicated UTIs, recurrent UTIs as well as catheter-associated UTIs will be discussed along with factors unique to the older adult population and males that may alter treatment. Prevention strategies can be useful to avoid recurrent urinary tract infections. These strategies will also be discussed.
Re-evaluation of the concept of chronic, latent, magnesium deficiency

mrh.2011.0298 Auteur(s) : Ronald J Elin Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA Correspondence. Dr. Ronald J. Elin, 627 S. Preston St. #210, Louisville, KY 40202 I appreciate the opportunity to comment on Dr Gunther's letter on “Magnesium in bone and the magnesium load test” [1]. He appropriately raises the question of whether the concept of chronic latent magnesium deficiency (CLMD) should be re-evaluated. [...]
Commentary: About the Danger of Relying on Common Vocabulary

Janssen (2009) raises the criticism that life stages and related concepts are not clearly defined and that even within the same study or data pool different conceptualizations can be found. A lack of clear definitions and the resulting difficulties are, nevertheless, not exclusive to life stage research. The general need for unambiguous definitions of the terminology used, even if these limit broader concepts to a certain scope of meaning, is stressed in order to avoid misunderstandings and to foster— especially interdisciplinary— communication.
RSS made easy: a basic guide for librarians.

ABSTRACT Really Simple Syndication (RSS) uses extensive markup language (XML) to constantly scan the content of Web sites for updates, which will then be delivered to subscribers' desktops or mobile devices through an RSS feed. RSS helps professionals stay current while reducing workloads. Librarians need to get familiar with RSS to educate their users, to stay current in information technology, and to generate and disseminate selected information to target user groups.
Reading Morgan's Canon: Reduction and Unification in the Forging of a Science of the Mind1

Lloyd Morgan's advisory “Canon” on ascribing mental phenomena had an historically unusual and deep impact. It became a dictum defining true psychological science, praised for providing the foundation of a mature, hard science. Seen as a corrective to naive methodology and excessive speculation, it appeared to demand removal of mental qualities in the name of parsimony and rigor. Thus it is also disparaged for illegitimately limiting inquiry. Viewing Morgan's method and reasoning as the reactions of a Darwinian to the problems of psychology provides insight for a science of animal mind. The Canon should be seen as methodological advice for a science caught in the tensions between materialism and subjective mental experience, having to place human mind within phylogenetic continuity. Faced with irresolvable difficulties, behavioral science has oscillated between reduction and unifying integration, typical of debates over broad conceptual issues in evolutionary biology. The reasoning behind Morgan's Canon provides a strategy for balancing these twin pulls of scientific practice.
MUC4 and ERBB2 expression in major and minor salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Background. Peptide sequence homology between the gene product of human MUC4 and rat sialomucin complex (SMC) has recently been reported. Each contains a mucin subunit with antiadhesive activity linked to the plasma membrane by means of a transmembrane subunit with two epidermal growth factor (EGF)–like domains that act as ligand for ErbB2. This study investigates MUC4 and ErbB2 receptor expression in major and minor salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma and correlates patterns of expression with clinical outcomes. Methods. MUC4 antigens and ErbB2 receptor expression are localized by immunohistochemical studies that use archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Clinical outcomes are determined by retrospective chart review of all patients (n = 28) with available archived pathologic specimens at the University of Miami–affiliated hospitals treated between 1994 and 2000. Results. Median survival time was 24 months (range, 2–60 months) among the nine patients who died, whereas median follow-up time in the remaining 19 patients is 33.4 months (range, 4.7–73 months). A trend toward a reduction in MUC4 antigen expression in high-grade tumors (55% expression) compared with low-grade (91% expression) and intermediate-grade (100% expression) tumors is identified (chi square, p = .0975). Patients with tumors expressing MUC4 antigens are at reduced risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 0.20; p = .0531). Adjustment for pathologic grade, T stage, and age results in a much higher risk of death for patients whose tumors do not express MUC4 antigens, although this does not meet statistical significance (HR, 26.6; p = .1). Analysis of recurrence adjusting for T stage reveals that patients whose tumors do not express MUC4 antigens are at increased risk of recurrence compared with patients whose tumor expresses MUC4 antigens (HR, 6.37; p = .03). ErbB2 receptor staining is noted in seven of 28 patients, with five of these seven showing 2+ and 3+ membrane-staining patterns. Adjustment for pathologic grade and age suggests that patients whose tumors express high levels of ErbB2 (2+, 3+) are at increased risk of death compared with patients with low or no expression of ErbB2 (HR, 2.29; p = .32). MUC4 antigen positivity is seen in two of the five cases with 2+ and 3+ staining for ErbB2. Conclusions. These findings suggest MUC4 antigen positivity is associated with reduced risk of death and reduced risk of recurrence and may identify a subset of patients with more favorable prognosis. Although limited by small sample size, analysis reveals ErbB2 overexpression is not consistently associated with MUC4 antigen positivity and might be associated with increased risk of death © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck26: 353–364, 2004
Community Traumatic Events and the Temporal Distribution of Suicide and Calls to the Suicide and Crisis Hotline: Is There an Impact?

Survivors of community traumatic events (CTEs) are thought to be at an increased risk for suicide. Current studies of the impact of CTEs on suicide have (a) produced varied results and (b) not accounted for co-occurrences or series of CTEs. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the temporal distribution of CTEs and the temporal distribution of suicide and calls to the crisis hotline in a Louisiana parish, taking into account co-occurrences and series of CTEs. The sample consisted of 11 years of data on suicidal deaths and 5 years of data on calls to the crisis hotline. Poisson regression was used to assess whether suicide patterns and hotline call volume were affected by CTEs. The distributions of suicide and calls to the crisis hotline were not affected by the presence of single, co-occurring, or series of CTEs. Though suicide prevention efforts are often increased after CTEs, this study indicates suicide prevention efforts should be ongoing and have a community-wide focus. Given the varied results across studies of CTE impact on suicide distributions, further research should focus on co-occurrence and series of CTEs rather than the historical trend of focusing on a single CTE. Also, psychological autopsies of people who died by suicide in the wake of a CTE should be conducted using phenomenology as the guiding qualitative paradigm. Language: en
The dynamics of a series resonant converter with third-order commutation network

Steady-state and dynamic modeling of the series resonant converter with third-order commutation network is presented. Concepts of harmonic balance and describing functions are used to derive state-space linearized equations which are used to characterize the system dynamic performance under variable frequency control. The influence of parasitic resistances (ESR) and the output filter component values on the dynamics of the converter are explored.
Interrogation and Evidence Fabrication

I explore the rather common legally permissible practice of police lying to suspects and/or fabricating evidence by analyzing a simple model in which police can fabricate/lie and then the accused chooses whether to confess. When police are not permitted to fabricate/lie, the police presenting evidence, which in this case can be viewed as hard evidence, to the accused conveys information about the accused’s chances at trial. However, when police are permitted to fabricate/lie, the evidence does not convey information to the accused. I
Performance evaluation of a subnetwork solution for contingency selection

The authors examine the computational efficiency of subnetwork solutions. A statistical approach is used to evaluate the performance of the subnetwork solution on several systems. The authors suggest that the efficiency of the subnetwork solution as compared to the full solution depends on the contingency type and the system size. For convenience, the sparsity-oriented subnetwork solution with fast forward and fast back (FF/FB) substitution of W.F. Tinney et al. (1985) is referred to as the subnetwork solution, while the conventional power flow solution with the full forward and back substitution is referred to as the direct solution. A brief description of the evaluation procedure is presented, followed with the evaluation results obtained from two large power systems. Possible application of the performance evaluation results is briefly discussed. >
Principal Contour Extraction and Contour Classification to Detect Coronal Loops from the Solar Images

In this paper, we describe a system that determines coronal loop existence from a given Solar image region in two stages: 1) extracting principal contours from the solar image regions, 2) deciding whether the extracted contours are in a loop shape. In the first stage, we propose a principal contour extraction method that achieves 88% accuracy in extracting the desired contours from the cluttered regions. In the second stage, we analyze the extracted contours in terms of their geometric features such as linearity, elliptical features, curvature, proximity, smoothness, and corner points. To distinguish loop contours from the other forms, we train an Adaboost classifier based C4.5 decision tree by using geometric features of 150 loop contours and 250 non-loop contours. Our system achieves 85% F1-Score from 10-fold cross validation experiments.
Conflict Avoidance in Consensual Decision Processes

This study explores group participants' bias toward reducing conflict in consensus ver sus majority decision styles. Recent research suggests that diminished disagreement seriously jeopardizes the quality of groups' final decisions. This study tests for conflict expectation differences between consensus and majority processes. A semantic differ ential questionnaire examines expectation ratings for consensus versus majority pro cesses. Results suggest that the participants expect climate in consensus process to be more agreeable and friendly than in majority process. Among subjects, MSWs showed greater confidence in consensus than in majority, but MBAs did not. In practice, both professions frequently engage in consensus group decision making. Implications of the findings suggest that consensus process might be governed by an "agreement norm" that has the potential to restrict disagreements needed to reach sound decisions.
Magnon sidebands and spin-charge coupling in bismuth ferrite probed by nonlinear optical spectroscopy

The interplay between spin waves magnons and electronic structure in materials leads to the creation of additional bands associated with electronic energy levels which are called magnon sidebands. The large difference in the energy scales between magnons meV and electronic levels eV makes this direct interaction weak and hence makes magnon sidebands difficult to probe. Linear light absorption and scattering techniques at low temperatures are traditionally used to probe these sidebands. Here we show that optical secondharmonic generation, as the lowest-order nonlinear process, can successfully probe the magnon sidebands at room temperature and up to 723 K in bismuth ferrite, associated with large wave vector multimagnon excitations which linear absorption studies are able to resolve only under high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Polarized light studies and temperature dependence of these sidebands reveal a spin-charge coupling interaction of the type PsL 2 between the spontaneous polarization Ps and antiferromagnetic order parameter, L in bismuth ferrite, that persists with short-range correlation well into the paramagnetic phase up to high temperatures. These observations suggest a broader opportunity to probe the collective spin-charge-lattice interactions in a wide range of material systems at high temperatures and electronic energy scales using nonlinear optics.
Thermal analysis of roof-spray cooling

Roof-spray cooling systems have been developed and implemented to reduce the heat gain through roofs so that conventional cooling systems can be reduced in size or eliminated. Currently, roof-spray systems are achieving greater effectiveness due to the availability of direct digital controls (DDC). The objective of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for the heat transfer though a roof-spray cooled roof that predicts heat transfer based on existing weather data and roof heat transfer characteristics as described by the transfer function method (TFM). The predicted results of this model are compared to the results of existing experimental data from previously conducted roof-spray cooling experiments. The mathematical model is based on energy balances at the exterior and interior surfaces of the roof construction that include evaporative, convective, radiative, and conductive heat transfer mechanisms. The transfer function method is used to relate the energy balances at the two surfaces that differ in amplitude and phase due to the thermal resistance and thermal capacitance characteristics of the roof. The model is shown to yield relatively good predictions of heat transfer rates through the roof. The calculation method shows promise as a relatively simple means of predicting heat gains based on calculation procedures that are similar to those frequently used by practicing engineers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of the Trial Coordinator in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) is a multicenter, randomized clinical trial studying the effects of two different diabetes regimens on the development and progression of early vascular complications in persons with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). All of the centers have a Trial Coordinator. We administered a self-report questionnaire to each center to document the different activities for which the Trial Coordinator assumed responsibility, in successfully orchestrating the trial.All Trial Coordinators were responsible primarily for recruitment, screening, medical management, education and training, and adherence and administration. Although documentation indicated that the Trial Coordinator was responsible for all of the above activities, the original applications reflected that very few of the Principal Investigators anticipated such a wide variety of duties. A Trial Coordinator was named in only 13 of the 21 applications and of these, only 6 actually assumed the position....
Age-dependent iris abnormalities in collagen XVIII/endostatin deficient mice with similarities to human pigment dispersion syndrome.

Purpose Collagen XVIII is expressed in ocular basement membranes (BMs) and inactivating mutations cause Knobloch syndrome, with several ocular abnormalities. In this study we investigated ocular structures in collagen XVIII/endostatin (Col18a1(-/-))-deficient mice to elucidate the role of this extracellular matrix component in the eye. Methods Eyes of Col18a1(-/-) and control mice were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy, laser scanning ophthalmoscopy, and fluorescence angiography. Immunohistochemical analysis of neuronal, epithelial, and immune cells in the eye was performed with antibodies against established cell markers. Results Col18a1(-/-) mice showed a disruption of the posterior iris pigment epithelial (IPE) cell layer with release of melanin granules. The BM of the posterior IPE was attached to the lens and the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, which was flattened in mutant mice. In aged mutant mice a severe thickening of the stromal iris BM zone was found, and pigmented cells migrated out of the iris and covered the retina along the inner limiting membrane (ILM), sometimes penetrating into the retina. These cells resembled iris clump cells, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that they were macrophage-like cells. Furthermore, morphologically abnormal retinal vasculature was seen by fluorescence angiography. Conclusions The abnormalities in the iris and ciliary body of Col18a1(-/-) mice demonstrate an important role of collagen XVIII for the function of ocular BMs. The absence of this collagen alters the properties of BMs and leads to severe defects in the iris, showing striking similarities to human pigment dispersion syndrome. In addition, loss of collagen XVIII creates changes that allow clump cells to migrate out of the iris. These cells have not been well characterized previously. In the current study we showed that they are macrophage-like cells and are able to penetrate the ILM in mutant mice. The disease mechanism of human pigment dispersion syndrome is not well understood, but Col18a1(-/-) mice may serve as a model and demonstrate the potential importance of alterations in extracellular matrix components in this disease.
Race/Sex Interactions and HIV Testing Among College Students

The primary aim of the study was to examine race/sex interactions and other behavioral and demographic covariates of past-year HIV testing among college students attending a racially diverse historically black university. The relationship between race/sex interactions and engaging with multiple sex partners during the past year was also examined. The sample included 566 students who identified as Black or White and engaged in vaginal, oral, or anal sex during the past 12 months. A total of 113 undergraduate classes were randomly selected, stratified by time of day. Surveys were administered by project team members who were assisted by peer health educators to increase the cultural competency of the study. The response rate was 94 %. The sample of 566 participants included Black women (54 %), Black men (26 %), White women (13 %), and White men (7 %). The mean age was 25 (median = 22 years), and 42 % resided on campus. Nearly half (46 %) reported two or more sex partners in the past year, and 9 % of participants were diagnosed with STD in the past year. Sixty-nine percent reported being tested for HIV, 58 % had been tested in the past year, and 18 % had been tested for HIV on two or more occasions during the past year. In multivariable analysis, Black men (AOR = 0.43; 95 % CI = 0.27, 0.69), White women (AOR = 0.25; 95 % CI = 0.14, 0.47), and White men (AOR = 0.22; 95 % CI = 0.10, 0.49) were significantly less likely than Black women to be tested for HIV in the past year. Residing off campus (AOR = 1.88; 95 % CI = 1.18, 2.99) and engaging with two or more sex partners in the past year (AOR = 2.59; 95 % CI = 1.70, 3.95) significantly increased the likelihood of HIV testing in the past year. Students who engaged only with heterosexual partners (AOR = .25; 95 % CI = 0.09, 0.76) or were female and bisexual (AOR = 0.17; 95 % CI = 0.04, 0.69) were less likely to be tested for HIV in the past year compared to men who have sex with men/men and women. In a separate model, Black men (AOR = 1.87; 95 % CI = 1.18, 2.97) were significantly more likely than Black women to engage with two or more sex partners during the previous year. Compared to Black women, White women (AOR = 0.51; 95 % CI = 0.26, 0.98) were less likely to report two or more sex partners in the past year. Students involved in a relationship during the past 30 days (AOR = 0.33; 95 % CI = 0.22, 0.49) were less likely than other students to engage with two or more sex partners in the past year. Over half (58 %) of the students had been tested for HIV in the past year—a promising outcome. However, 42 % of sexually active students had not been tested. Campus prevention initiatives need to reinforce the importance of frequent HIV testing. In particular, targeted prevention efforts need to be focused on heterosexual Black male college students.
Factor cuts

Enumeration of bounded size cuts is an important step in several logic synthesis algorithms such as technology mapping and re-writing. The standard algorithm does not scale beyond 6 or 7 inputs because it enumerates all cuts and there are too many of them. We address the enumeration problem by introducing the notion of cut factorization. In cut factorization, one enumerates global and local cuts (collectively called the factor cuts) of the network, and uses these to generate other cuts. Depending on how global and local cuts are defined, one obtains different factorization schemes. In the first scheme, complete factorization, it is possible to generate any cut from factor cuts. However, complete factorization is expensive though less expensive than exhaustive enumeration. In the second scheme, partial factorization, there is no guarantee of generating all cuts from factor cuts. However, it is much faster, and produces good results. In this paper we also present two applications of factor cuts: LUT mapping and macrocell mapping. In LUT mapping, we find that considering only factor cuts guarantees depth optimality for most nodes in the network. For the remaining nodes, other cuts need to be generated from factor cuts and examined. In macrocell mapping, we focus on a particular 9-input macrocell, and use factor cuts as a heuristic method to improve depth by reducing structural bias. Factor cuts are used to map the macrocell as a whole whenever possible instead of mapping its parts separately. In this context factor cuts enable a new quality-run-time tradeoff between mapping parts of the macrocell separately (poor quality), and mapping using all 9-input cuts (long run-time).
Auslegung und Berechnung von Abgasanlagen: in der Konzeptphase

Aufgrund immer kurzerer Entwicklungszeiten beim Entwurf neuer Modelle ist es in der Konzeptphase von Automobilen wichtig, bei Anderungen kurzfristig Aussagen zum Betriebsverhalten von Bauteilen machen zu konnen. Solche Aussagen erhalt man in der Regel nur durch den Einsatz von CAE-Techniken. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die fruhzeitige systematische Erstellung von Abgasanlagen-Modellen bei Volkswagen eingegangen. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei der validierte modulare und dadurch leicht modifizierbare Aufbau eines Konzeptmodells der Anlage. Ebenso werden mogliche Berechnungsanwendungen dieses Modells aufgezeigt.
Cognitive Processes and the Movement of Combat Rifle Teams in Urban Terrain

Four combat training scenarios were executed to investigate cognitive factors that influence squad movement and tactical performance in urban terrain. Participants varied in levels of training and experience in urban warfare. Two fire teams and a squad leader (nine men) played Blue Force (BLUFOR) against an Opposition Force (OPFOR) of varying size. BLUFOR's mission was to enter the city then clear and secure a building of OPFOR and retrieve a POW or piece of equipment. Data collection involved after-action interviews with team leaders, overhead videos, questionnaires, and group discussions. Walking interviews were used to reconstruct leader awareness of cues, perceptions, decisions and actions during the exercise. Results are discussed and interpreted in terms of Situation Awareness, Activity Theory and Recognition Primed Decision model frameworks. Implications for computer simulation modeling of individual soldier and small unit performance are addressed as well as the potential impact of new advanced te...
Temperature dependence of energy transfer upconversion efficiency in erbium-doped transparent glass ceramics

The temperature dependence of the energy transfer upconversion in erbium depends on competing energy transfer mechanisms. Spectroscopic techniques are used to determine the optimum temperature for upconversion fluorescence and the temperature dependence of the energy migration regime. Implications for upconversion lasing are given.
Taking away the guns Forcible disarmament and rebellion

If a government is facing an armed uprising, why doesn’t it confiscate all privately owned weapons? When and where is forcible disarmament most likely to occur? Can forcible disarmament reduce rebel activity? To establish a monopoly on the use of force, a government must either convince its citizens not to rebel, or remove their capacity to do so. Existing literature has left this choice – between punishment and disarmament – virtually unexplained. Most existing research focuses on disarmament in the context of post-conflict stabilization, rather than forcible disarmament during war. I introduce a mathematical model of irregular warfare, in which government and rebel forces seek a monopoly on violence. The model shows that disarmament occurs mainly in ‘hard cases’, where otherwise strong governments are unable to punish opponents or reward supporters. I test these claims with declassified archival data on counterinsurgency in the Soviet North Caucasus. The data confirm that disarmament was most likely whe...
Ligantes alcóxido en el desarrollo de la química organometálica de los metales de transición de los primeros grupos

La quimica organometalica trata con productos no naturales y, como tal, refleja nuestra evolucion como quimicos. Asi, mientras la primera preparacion del complejo metalico-olefinico K+[PtCl3(C2H4)]-- es atribuida a Zeise, no fue sino hasta el advenimiento de la instrumentacion moderna (RMN, IR), la aplicacion rutinaria de la difraccion de rayos-X...
Candidate PET Radioligand Development for Neurofibrillary Tangles: Two Distinct Radioligand Binding Sites Identified in Postmortem Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

[18F]THK-523 and [18F]807 are promising radioligands for imaging neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) with positron emission tomography (PET) in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury. Although [18F]THK-523 and [18F]T807 are considered high-affinity selective radioligands for NFTs, uncertainty has existed as to whether PET radioligands for imaging NFTs bind to the same molecular site because in vitro assays for ligands binding to NFTs have been lacking. We labeled THK-523 and T807 with tritium to serve as reference radioligands for in vitro binding assays with AD brain homogenates for newly synthesized ligands. With these radioligands, we identified two distinct binding sites for small molecules, one site with high affinity for THK-523 and the other with high affinity for T807. Moreover, binding assays with [3H]PIB confirmed that the two newly identified binding sites are also distinct from the thioflavin-T binding site where all current clinically useful PET rad...
HPLC determination of two components in chloramphenicol salicylic acid tincture

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of two components in lvmeisushuiyangsuan tincture simultaneously.Methods The chromatographic conditions were as follows:Agilent Zorbax E—clipse XDB column(4.6 mm X 150 mm,5 μm),acetonitrile and 0.01 mol/L sodium 1-heptanesulfonate(23:77,included 0.5%triethylamine JO.68%KH_2PO_4 and adjusted pH to 2.5 with phosphoric acid) as mobile phase,the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 277 nm.Results The linear range of chloramphenicol and salicylic acid were respectively 0.020 96 ~0.419 2 mg/mL(r =0.999 9) JO.096 8~1.936 mg/mL(r =0.999 9).The average recovery rates were 100.86%and 100.46%,and the RSD were 0.68%and 0.69%.Conclusion The method is simple,rapid and accurate.It can be used for the quality control of lvmeisushuiyangsuan tincture.
Preparation of novel potentiometric oxygen sensor by ceria-zirconia solid solutions

As oxygen storage material,ceria-zirconia solid solution has high oxygen storage capacity(OSC).A novel potentiometric oxygen sensor used in monitoring exhaust gas emissions is developed by employing a solid solution as the solid-state reference.The sensor consists of yttria-stabilized-zirconia(YSZ) electrolyte,ceria-zirconia reference layers and platinum electrodes.Tests are performed with two simulated gases mixture of N2 and O2 at operating temperature of 350,400,450℃.The result shows that a sharp transition from 520~-100mV occurs at the stoichiometric value.Compared with the conventional oxygen sensors,the sensor has many advantages,such as the lower cost,easy to miniaturize,etc.
Learning as a nonlinear line of attraction for pattern association, classification and recognition

Development of a mathematical model for learning a nonlinear line of attraction is presented in this dissertation, in contrast to the conventional recurrent neural network model in which the memory is stored in an attractive fixed point at discrete location in state space. A nonlinear line of attraction is the encapsulation of attractive fixed points scattered in state space as an attractive nonlinear line, describing patterns with similar characteristics as a family of patterns. It is usually of prime imperative to guarantee the convergence of the dynamics of the recurrent network for associative learning and recall. We propose to alter this picture. That is, if the brain remembers by converging to the state representing familiar patterns, it should also diverge from such states when presented by an unknown encoded representation of a visual image. The conception of the dynamics of the nonlinear line attractor network to operate between stable and unstable states is the second contribution in this dissertation research. These criteria can be used to circumvent the plasticity-stability dilemma by using the unstable state as an indicator to create a new line for an unfamiliar pattern. This novel learning strategy utilizes stability (convergence) and instability (divergence) criteria of the designed dynamics to induce self-organizing behavior. The self-organizing behavior of the nonlinear line attractor model can manifest complex dynamics in an unsupervised manner. The third contribution of this dissertation is the introduction of the concept of manifold of color perception. The fourth contribution of this dissertation is the development of a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique by embedding a set of related observations into a low-dimensional space utilizing the result attained by the learned memory matrices of the nonlinear line attractor network. Development of a system for affective states computation is also presented in this dissertation. This system is capable of extracting the user's mental state in real time using a low cost computer. It is successfully interfaced with an advanced learning environment for human-computer interaction.
WE-FG-207B-07: Feasibility of Low Dose Lung Cancer Screening with a Whole-Body Photon Counting CT: First Human Results

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using a whole-body photon counting detector (PCD) CT scanner for low dose lung cancer screening compared to a conventional energy integrating detector (EID) system. Methods: Radiation dose-matched EID and PCD scans of the COPDGene 2 phantom and 2 human volunteers were acquired. Phantom images were acquired at different radiation dose levels (CTDIvol: 3.0, 1.5, and 0.75 mGy) and different tube voltages (120, 100, and 80 kVp), while human images were acquired at vendor recommended low-dose lung cancer screening settings. EID and PCD images were compared for quantitative Hounsfield unit accuracy, noise levels, and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) for detection of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) and emphysema. Results: The PCD Hounsfield unit accuracy was better for water at all scan parameters, and for lung, GGN and emphysema equivalent regions of interest (ROIs) at 1.5 and 0.75 mGy. PCD attenuation accuracy was more consistent for all scan parameters (all P<0.01), while Hounsfield units for lung, GGN and emphysema ROIs changed significantly for EID with decreasing dose (all P<0.001). PCD showed lower noise levels at the lowest dose setting at 120, 100 and 80 kVp (15.2±0.3 vs 15.8±0.2, P=0.03; 16.1±0.3 vs 18.0±0.4, P=0.003; and 16.1±0.3 vs 17.9±0.3, P=0.001, respectively), resulting in superior CNR for the detection of GGNs and emphysema at 100 and 80 kVp. Significantly lower PCD noise levels were confirmed in volunteer images. Conclusion: PCD provided better Hounsfield unit accuracy for lung, ground-glass, and emphysema-equivalent foams at 1.5 and 0.75 mGy with less variability than EID. Additionally, PCD showed less noise, and higher CNR at 0.75 mGy for both 100 and 80 kVp. PCD technology may help reduce radiation exposure in lung cancer screening while maintaining diagnostic quality.
Increased plasma atrial natriuretic factor and reduced plasma renin in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus

1. To investigate atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and its relationship to the renin system in diabetes, we measured plasma immunoreactive ANF and plasma renin activity (PRA) in 27 non-ketotic diabetic patients without evidence of cardiac or overt renal disease, and compared them with 26 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. 2. Diabetic patients were divided prospectively into poor (PGC, n = 14) or moderate (MGC, n = 13) glycaemic control depending on their concurrent plasma glycohaemoglobin (HbA1) levels (greater than 9% or less than 9%, respectively). Plasma ANF was elevated in PGC diabetic patients (15.7 +/- 1.8 fmol/ml, mean +/- SEM) compared with MGC diabetics (9.9 +/- 0.8 fmol/ml, P less than 0.001) and normal subjects (10.1 +/- 1.3 fmol/ml, P less than 0.05). 3. In contrast, PRA was lower in the PGC diabetic patients (1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol of angiotensin 1 h-1 ml-1) compared with the other groups (2.5 +/- 0.5 and 2.1 +/- 0.2 pmol of angiotensin I h-1 ml-1, P less than 0.05). Diabetic groups had proportionally more patients with high prorenin values (over 30 ng h-1 ml-1) than the normal group, but there was no difference between the diabetic groups. 4. Among the diabetic patients, ANF was directly related to HbA1 (r = 0.49, P less than 0.005) and urinary albumin excretion (r = 0.40, P less than 0.02), and was inversely related to PRA (r = 0.36, P less than 0.04) and plasma creatinine (r = -0.42, P less than 0.02).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Allotropic control: How certain fluorinated carbonate electrolytes protect aluminum current collectors by promoting the formation of insoluble coordination polymers

Presently, there is a strong incentive for increasing the operation voltage of Li-ion cells above 4.5 V in order to increase the density of stored energy. Aluminum is an inexpensive, lightweight metal that is commonly used as a positive electrode current collector in these cells. Imide LiX salts, such as lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (X = TFSI), and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (X = FSI), are chemically stable on the energized lithiated transition metal oxide electrodes, but their presence in the electrolyte causes rapid anodic dissolution and pitting of Al current collectors at potentials exceeding 4.0 V versus Li/Li+. For LiBF4 and LiPF6, the release of HF near the energized surfaces passivates the exposed Al metal, inhibiting this pitting corrosion, but it also causes the gradual degradation of the cathode active material, negating this important advantage. Here we report that in certain electrolytes containing fluorinated carbonate solvents and LiX salts, the threshold voltage for safe...
Deep Bi-directional Cross-triplet Embedding for Cross-Domain Clothing Retrieval

In this paper, we address two practical problems when shopping online: 1) What will I look like when wearing this clothing on the street? 2) How to find the exact same or similar clothing that other people are wearing on the street or in a movie? In this paper, we jointly solve these two problems with one bi-directional shop-to-street street-to-shop clothing retrieval framework. There are three main challenges of cross-domain clothing retrieval task. First is to learn the discrepancy (e.g., background, pose, illumination) between street domain and shop domain clothing. Second, both intra-domain and cross-domain similarity need to be considered during feature embedding. Third, there is large bias between the number of matched and non-matched street and shop pairs. To solve these challenges, in this paper, we propose a deep bi-directional cross-triplet embedding algorithm by extending the start-of-the-art triplet embedding into cross-domain retrieval scenario. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Mind the Thigh Gap? Bringing Feminist Psychological Science to the Masses

In this chapter, I describe some of the perils and pleasures of translating scholarly work in the realms of objectification, self-objectification, and sexualization to advocacy. Using examples of my own advocacy work in the media, as well as in collaboration with educational, corporate, and legal entities working for the betterment of girls’ and women’s embodied lives, I illustrate some of the dilemmas and challenges of moving outside the closed room of academia and into the public arena as an advocate. In addition, I provide concrete suggestions for feminist psychological scientists interested in becoming active advocates. Despite the many challenges, or perhaps because of them, I have found that advocacy work has the potential to be among the most rewarding features of a feminist psychologist’s career.
Compiler optimizations for the PA-8000

Compiler optimizations play a key role in unlocking the performance of the PA-8000 (L. Gwennap, 1994), an innovative dynamically scheduled machine which is the first implementation of the 64 bit PA 2.0 member of the HP PA-RISC architecture family. This wide superscalar, long out of order machine provides significant execution bandwidth and automatically hides latency at runtime; however despite its ample hardware resources, many of the optimizing transformations which proved effective for the PA-8000 served to augment its ability to exploit the available bandwidth and to hide latency. While legacy codes benefit from the PA-8000's sophisticated hardware, recompilation of old binaries can be vital to realizing the full potential of the PA-8000, given the impact of new compilers in achieving peak performance for this machine.
The Gas Sampling Interval Effect on V˙O2peak Is Independent of Exercise Protocol.

INTRODUCTION There is a plethora of gas sampling intervals available during cardiopulmonary exercise testing to measure peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak). Different intervals can lead to altered V˙O2peak. Whether differences are affected by the exercise protocol or subject sample is not clear. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether V˙O2peak differed because of the manipulation of sampling intervals and whether differences were independent of the protocol and subject sample. METHODS The first subject sample (24 ± 3 yr; V˙O2peak via 15-breath moving averages: 56.2 ± 6.8 mL·kg·min) completed the Bruce and the self-paced V˙O2max protocols. The second subject sample (21.9 ± 2.7 yr; V˙O2peak via 15-breath moving averages: 54.2 ± 8.0 mL·kg·min) completed the Bruce and the modified Astrand protocols. V˙O2peak was identified using five sampling intervals: 15-s block averages, 30-s block averages, 15-breath block averages, 15-breath moving averages, and 30-s block averages aligned to the end of exercise. Differences in V˙O2peak between intervals were determined using repeated-measures ANOVAs. The influence of subject sample on the sampling effect was determined using independent t-tests. RESULTS There was a significant main effect of sampling interval on V˙O2peak (first sample Bruce and self-paced V˙O2max P < 0.001; second sample Bruce and modified Astrand P < 0.05). The difference in V˙O2peak between sampling intervals followed a similar pattern for each protocol and subject sample, with 15-breath moving average presenting the highest V˙O2peak. CONCLUSIONS The effect of manipulating gas sampling intervals on V˙O2peak appears to be protocol and sample independent. These findings highlight our recommendation that the clinical and scientific community request and report the sampling interval whenever metabolic data are presented. The standardization of reporting would assist in the comparison of V˙O2peak.
Orbit: Percutaneous Sclerotherapy

Lymphatic, venous, and combined lymphatic-venous malformations of the orbit typically present during childhood and can cause recurrent episodes of severe proptosis, pain, strabismus, exposure keratopathy, and optic neuropathy. Usually these episodes occur due to acute bleeding into the cystic space due to fragile neovascular tufts and fine capillaries within the stroma of the lesion. In the pediatric patient, the risk of amblyopia is significant. Cysts can be large (macrocysts) or small (microcysts) and be primarily lymphatic or venous in origin. Many of the lesions encountered in the orbit are a combination of the two. The size and hemodynamics of the cyst will usually determine the method and agent used for percutaneous sclerotherapy, and the procedure should be performed in conjunction with interventional radiology. Patients should have been evaluated and deemed appropriate for such surgical intervention. Patients should have been educated about the risks and benefits of the procedure, including alternatives.
TNFα Modulates Cardiac Conduction by Altering Electrical Coupling between Myocytes.

Background: Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) upregulation during acute inflammatory response has been associated with numerous cardiac effects including modulating Connexin43 and vascular permeability. This may in turn alter cardiac gap junctional (GJ) coupling and extracellular volume (ephaptic coupling) respectively. We hypothesized that acute exposure to pathophysiological TNFα levels can modulate conduction velocity (CV) in the heart by altering electrical coupling: GJ and ephaptic. Methods and Results: Hearts were optically mapped to determine CV from control, TNFα and TNFα + high calcium (2.5 vs 1.25 mM) treated guinea pig hearts over 90 mins. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to measure changes in intercellular separation in the gap junction-adjacent extracellular nanodomain - perinexus (WP). Cx43 expression and phosphorylation were determined by Western blotting and Cx43 distribution by confocal immunofluorescence. At 90 mins, longitudinal and transverse CV (CVL and CVT, respectively) increased with control Tyrode perfusion but TNFα slowed CVT alone relative to control and anisotropy of conduction increased, but not significantly. TNFα increased WP relative to control at 90 mins, without significantly changing GJ coupling. Increasing extracellular calcium after 30 mins of just TNFα exposure increased CVT within 15 mins. TNF + high calcium also restored CVT at 90 mins and reduced WP to control values. Interestingly, TNF+high calcium also improved GJ coupling at 90 mins, which along with reduced WP may have contributed to increasing CV. Conclusions: Elevating extracellular calcium during acute TNFα exposure reduces perinexal expansion, increases ephaptic and GJ coupling, improves CV and may be a novel method for preventing inflammation induced CV slowing.
Privacy-Preserving Distributed Multi-Task Learning with Asynchronous Updates

Many data mining applications involve a set of related learning tasks. Multi-task learning (MTL) is a learning paradigm that improves generalization performance by transferring knowledge among those tasks. MTL has attracted so much attention in the community, and various algorithms have been successfully developed. Recently, distributed MTL has also been studied for related tasks whose data is distributed across different geographical regions. One prominent challenge of the distributed MTL frameworks is to maintain the privacy of the data. The distributed data may contain sensitive and private information such as patients' records and registers of a company. In such cases, distributed MTL frameworks are required to preserve the privacy of the data. In this paper, we propose a novel privacy-preserving distributed MTL framework to address this challenge. A privacy-preserving proximal gradient algorithm, which asynchronously updates models of the learning tasks, is introduced to solve a general class of MTL formulations. The proposed asynchronous approach is robust against network delays and provides a guaranteed differential privacy through carefully designed perturbation. Theoretical guarantees of the proposed algorithm are derived and supported by the extensive experimental results.