cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding Student Coregulation in Task Interpretation during Electronics Laboratory Activities

Coregulation (CRL) is a transitional process in which students share problem-solving techniques and utilize self-regulated learning (SRL) when interacting with peers. Coregulation may help students to define and modify inconsistencies in their SRL strategy. Task interpretation is described as the critical first step in the SRL process, and it is a key determinant in setting the goals and strategies to accomplish those goals. Limited information exists regarding coregulation and task interpretation in the context of laboratory work. Laboratory activities help students to move from abstract ideas to a practical understanding. However, it is generally agreed among educators that students involve little mental engagement in the laboratory activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate how students’ level of coregulation was associated with their task interpretation and how the level changed over time. One-hundred and forty-three sophomore students enrolled in an electronics course participated in this study. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used to measure students’ coregulation. Similarly, a questionnaire developed and piloted by the researcher measured students’ task interpretation. High-coregulated students showed high levels of SRL, while low-coregulated students showed low levels of SRL. The findings confirmed a previous study by Hadwin and Oshige, which described coregulation as a process in a learner’s acquisition of SRL, in which SRL is gradually appropriated by the individual learner’s interactions when they are working in the assigned task activities. Further investigation is necessary to unveil other factors related to these constructs in order to engage students in laboratory work.
Weight functions for a finite width plate with single or double radial cracks at a circular hole

Abstract This work develops accurate weight functions for a single crack at a hole in a finite width plate for various hole sizes. In order to develop an accurate weight function, we first obtain accurate stress intensity factors, using the finite element method (FEM), for a reference load case of uniform stress on the crack line. Following the earlier approach for developing a weight function suggested by Wu and Carlsson, we fit the reference stress intensity factor data from FEM to a smooth analytic function; however, for the open hole it is necessary to adopt a piecewise polynomial to fit the stress intensity factor data, in place of the single polynomial suggested by Wu and Carlsson. We validate the new weight function for the case of remote uniform applied stress, which induces a stress field on the crack line exhibiting the well-known stress concentration at the hole, and for which we have accepted stress intensity factor solutions. The new weight functions provide stress intensity factors that agree very well with results from two commercial fracture mechanics software packages. Comparing results from the new and earlier weight functions shows good agreement for some crack line stress fields, but errors of a few percent for other stress fields, with the new weight function providing more reasonable results. The improved quality of the new weight functions is due both to the new reference solution for uniform crack line stress and to the piecewise fit to the reference stress intensity data. Trivial changes to the FEM model allow us to provide additional weight functions for the cases of symmetric double cracks at a hole (by adding a symmetry plane to the FEM mesh) and a single crack at a hole in a square plate (by reducing the length of the FEM mesh).
STUDIES ON THE TOTAL BILE : II. THE RELATION OF CARBOHYDRATES TO THE OUTPUT OF BILE PIGMENT.

Carbohydrate feeding or injection produces often a temporary increase in the rate at which bilirubin is put forth in the bile, but none in the amount of the pigment secreted from day to day. There would appear to be no ground for the supposition that bilirubin is normally derived in part from the carbohydrates of the food.
Words matter: automatic detection of teacher questions in live classroom discourse using linguistics, acoustics, and context

We investigate automatic detection of teacher questions from audio recordings collected in live classrooms with the goal of providing automated feedback to teachers. Using a dataset of audio recordings from 11 teachers across 37 class sessions, we automatically segment the audio into individual teacher utterances and code each as containing a question or not. We train supervised machine learning models to detect the human-coded questions using high-level linguistic features extracted from automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcripts, acoustic and prosodic features from the audio recordings, as well as context features, such as timing and turn-taking dynamics. Models are trained and validated independently of the teacher to ensure generalization to new teachers. We are able to distinguish questions and non-questions with a weighted F1 score of 0.69. A comparison of the three feature sets indicates that a model using linguistic features outperforms those using acoustic-prosodic and context features for question detection, but the combination of features yields a 5% improvement in overall accuracy compared to linguistic features alone. We discuss applications for pedagogical research, teacher formative assessment, and teacher professional development.
Mechanisms Mediating Functional Hyperemia in the Brain

Neuronal activity within the brain evokes local increases in blood flow, a response termed functional hyperemia. This response ensures that active neurons receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients to maintain tissue function and health. In this review, we discuss the functions of functional hyperemia, the types of vessels that generate the response, and the signaling mechanisms that mediate neurovascular coupling, the communication between neurons and blood vessels. Neurovascular coupling signaling is mediated primarily by the vasoactive metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), by nitric oxide, and by K+. While much is known about these pathways, many contentious issues remain. We highlight two controversies, the role of glial cell Ca2+ signaling in mediating neurovascular coupling and the importance of capillaries in generating functional hyperemia. We propose signaling pathways that resolve these controversies. In this scheme, capillary dilations are generated by Ca2+ increases in astrocyte endfeet, leading to production of AA metabolites. In contrast, arteriole dilations are generated by Ca2+ increases in neurons, resulting in production of nitric oxide and AA metabolites. Arachidonic acid from neurons also diffuses into astrocyte endfeet where it is converted into additional vasoactive metabolites. While this scheme resolves several discrepancies in the field, many unresolved challenges remain and are discussed in the final section of the review.
Amplifier for optical stochastic cooling

The amplification of electromagnetic radiation emitted from charged-particle beams can be used for beam cooling. We discuss our progress to develop such a system using undulator radiation.
Elimination of Subsidence with 26-mm-Wide Cages in Extreme Lateral Interbody Fusion.

Background Extreme lateral interbody fusion (ELIF) has gained popularity as a minimally invasive technique for indirect decompression. However, graft subsidence potentially threatens long-term success of ELIF. This study evaluated whether 26-mm-wide cages can eliminate subsidence and subsequent loss of decompression in ELIF. Methods Patients undergoing ELIF surgery using a 26-mm-wide cage were analyzed retrospectively. Patient demographics and perioperative data for radiographic and clinical outcomes were recorded. Radiographic parameters included regional sagittal lumbar lordosis and foraminal and disc height. Clinical parameters were evaluated using the Oswestry Disability Index and visual analog scale. Subsidence of 26-mm-wide cages was compared with previous outcomes of patients undergoing ELIF using 18-mm-wide and 22-mm-wide cages. Results There were 21 patients and 28 spinal segments analyzed. Radiographic outcome measures such as disc and foraminal height revealed significant improvement at follow-up compared with before surgery ( P = 0.001). Postoperative to last follow-up cage subsidence translated into 0.34 mm ± 0.26 and −0.55 mm ± 0.64 in disc and foraminal height loss, respectively. Patients with 26-mm-wide cages experienced less subsidence by means of disc (26 mm vs. 18 mm and 22 mm, P ≤ 0.05) and foraminal height (26 mm vs. 18 mm, P = 0.005; 26 mm vs. 22 mm, P = 0.208) loss compared with patients receiving 18-mm-wide and 22-mm-wide cages. Conclusions The 26-mm-wide cages almost eliminated cage subsidence in ELIF. Compared with 18-mm-wide and 22-mm-wide cages, 26-mm-wide cages significantly reduced cage subsidence in ELIF at midterm follow-up. A 26-mm-wide cage should be used in ELIF to achieve sustained indirect decompression.
Impact of time and assisted donning on respirator fit

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to examine the impact of assistance with donning and time on quantitative fit factors (FF) and pass rates for subjects wearing an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) and a non-certified adhesive mask. Fit factors were measured using two side-by-side TSI Portacount instruments sampling second-by-second simultaneous inside- and outside-facepiece concentrations. Naive subjects made two visits at least one week apart. At each visit subjects first donned either the respirator or adhesive mask without assistance and performed a five-exercise fast fit test. They then donned a new respirator or mask with assistance in proper donning (e.g., proper forming of the nosepiece, strap placement, etc.) and performed a second five-exercise fast fit test. The same sequence of unassisted and assisted donning was then repeated with the other facepiece. Fifteen subjects participated in the study; time between visits ranged from 7–29 days (average 12 days). On visit 1 the respirator FFs ...
The mortality rate with ECT.

ECT is a low-risk procedure, even in the older cardiac patient who is fast becoming the modal candidate for this therapy. To put the mortal risk with ECT in proper perspective, it is only necessary to note that ECT is about 10 times safer than childbirth, that approximately 6 times as many deaths annually in the U.S. are caused by lightning as by ECT, that two complications of psychotropic drug therapy in younger women-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage-virtually never occur with ECT, and that the death rate reported for ECT is an order of magnitude smaller than the spontaneous death rate in the general population.
Wavelength Generalization Curves for Chickens Reared in Restricted Portions of the Spectrum

4 groups of chickens were hatched and reared in the presence of 1 of 4 rearing lights. 1 of the 4 lights was white and 3 had peak intensities at 435, 545, and 630 mµ, respectively. Each group was further divided into 3 sub-groups which received training to peck a key trans-illuminated by light having a peak intensity at 1 of the 3 wavelengths given above. Generalization tests were administered over the wavelength continuum. It was concluded that rearing in a limited band of wavelengths, as opposed to white light, had no discernable effects on wavelength generalization. Rearing in a narrow band of wavelengths different from the band of wavelengths present during training did not produce wavelength generalization behavior which differed from that produced by rearing and training in the same band of wavelengths.
We Both Eat Rice, But That's About It: Korean and Latino Relations in a Multi-Ethnic City

On any given day, in any given restaurant in Koreatown, countless orders are taken, meals are served, tables are cleared, dishes are washed, and checks are paid. Down the street at a corner convenience store, shelves are stocked, beverages are placed into large refrigerators, and purchases are rung up. Even to the most casual observer, it becomes obvious that Korean workers take the orders and collect the money while Latino workers replenish the shelves, clear the tables, and wash the dishes.
Liver transplant for metastatic pancreatoblastoma: 7-year event-free survival after chemotherapy, pancreatectomy, complete hepatectomy, and liver transplant.

Pancreatoblastoma is a rare malignant tumor in children. Surgical resection of the tumor is necessary for cure; however, due to its aggressive nature, it is often unresectable at presentation due to tumor size, local invasion, and/or metastasis. Because it is a rare tumor, there is currently no standard treatment regimen. We report a case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with metastatic pancreatoblastoma with multiple large metastases involving all four sectors of the liver. We began treatment with chemotherapy (cisplatin, 5FU, vincristine, and doxorubicin), which significantly reduced the tumor burden in both the pancreas and liver. We then performed a staged subtotal pancreatectomy, complete hepatectomy, and living donor left lateral segment liver transplant. This was followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Our patient is alive and healthy and has now been tumor-free for 7 years with no tumor relapse.
Aggressiveness, violence, homicidality, homicide, and Lyme disease.

Background No study has previously analyzed aggressiveness, homicide, and Lyme disease (LD). Materials and methods Retrospective LD chart reviews analyzed aggressiveness, compared 50 homicidal with 50 non-homicidal patients, and analyzed homicides. Results Most aggression with LD was impulsive, sometimes provoked by intrusive symptoms, sensory stimulation or frustration and was invariably bizarre and senseless. About 9.6% of LD patients were homicidal with the average diagnosis delay of 9 years. Postinfection findings associated with homicidality that separated from the non-homicidal group within the 95% confidence interval included suicidality, sudden abrupt mood swings, explosive anger, paranoia, anhedonia, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle, disinhibition, nightmares, depersonalization, intrusive aggressive images, dissociative episodes, derealization, intrusive sexual images, marital/family problems, legal problems, substance abuse, depression, panic disorder, memory impairments, neuropathy, cranial nerve symptoms, and decreased libido. Seven LD homicides included predatory aggression, poor impulse control, and psychosis. Some patients have selective hyperacusis to mouth sounds, which I propose may be the result of brain dysfunction causing a disinhibition of a primitive fear of oral predation. Conclusion LD and the immune, biochemical, neurotransmitter, and the neural circuit reactions to it can cause impairments associated with violence. Many LD patients have no aggressiveness tendencies or only mild degrees of low frustration tolerance and irritability and pose no danger; however, a lesser number experience explosive anger, a lesser number experience homicidal thoughts and impulses, and much lesser number commit homicides. Since such large numbers are affected by LD, this small percent can be highly significant. Much of the violence associated with LD can be avoided with better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of LD.
New Concepts for Water Supply Systems

The most basic concepts in planning and design of water supply systems are already well shaped and currently widely used. The unique system provides the drinking quality water, regardless that many users of high quantity water would tolerate water of lesser quality. Sometimes users of large quantities of non-drinking water quality may construct a separate system, as an economical solution. Regardless of the availability of advanced technology, research and development in many areas promise the planning and design of better water supply systems in the future. These research and development areas are: safety, technology and economics of interconnecting the adjacent water supply systems; planning systems renovation in advance; design of new water quality standards based on advanced research; role of water quality and composition on human health and nutrition; use of new materials in construction and operation of systems; incrustation, erosion and corrosion in water supply systems; new materials for pipes and conduits; etc. In deciding what kind of water for what purpose may be used, distinction should be made between using the natural untreated good quality waters and the treated waters to various degrees of quality.
Towards Sample-Optimal Methods for Solving Random Quadratic Equations with Structure

We consider the problem of estimating a structured high-dimensional parameter vector using random Gaussian quadratic samples. This problem is a generalization of the classical problem of phase retrieval and impacts numerous problems in computational imaging. We provide a generic algorithm based on alternating minimization that, if properly initialized, achieves information-theoretically optimal sample complexity. In essence, we show that solving a system of random quadratic equations with structural constraints is (nearly) as easy as solving the corresponding linear system with the same constraints, if a proper initial guess of the solution is available. As an immediate consequence, our approach improves upon the best known existing sample complexity results for phase retrieval (structured or otherwise). We support our theory via several numerical experiments. A full version of this paper is accessible at: https://gaurijagatap.github.io/assets/ISIT18.pdf
An Interactive, Patient-Specific Virtual Surgical Planning System for Upper Airway Obstruction Treatments

Upper airway obstructions leading todifficulty breathing are significant problems that often require surgery to improve patient quality of life. However, these surgeries often have poor outcomes with little symptom improvement. This paper outlines the design of an interactive, patient-specific virtual surgical planning system that uses patient CT scans to generate three-dimensional representations of the airways and incorporates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a part of the surgical planning process. Individualized virtual surgeries can be performed by editing these models, which are then analyzed using CFD to compare pre- and post- surgery flow characteristics to assess patient symptom improvement. The prototype system shows significant promise by being intuitive, interactive, with a potential fast flow solver that provides near real-time feedback to the clinician.
A nitric oxide sensor fabricated through e-jet printing towards use in bioelectronics interfaces

We have developed a methodology for electrohydrodynamic printing of a nitric oxide (NO) sensor. The primary features of this amperometric methodology include the printing of carbon and metallic-based inks, the conversion of Ag to Ag:AgCl as a reference electrode, and the deposition of a nitric oxide selective layer on the working electrode, followed by an encapsulation to define the working area. The efficacy and enhancements of multiple printed layers has been examined. Multiple working electrode chemistries and combinations are presented, including the use of silver, graphene, NiTsPc, and gold in various combinations. Selectivity for NO was accomplished via a Nafion® layer on the working electrode, effectively blocking interference from NO2− and NO3− at relatively high concentrations. The resultant flexible, thin film nitric oxide sensor is sensitive enough to monitor macrophage depolarization events without the need for additional micropipette or FRET-based electrochemical sensors. We demonstrate a valuable research tool that will have a high impact on the emerging field of synthetic biology by providing the capability to interface-engineered cellular sensors to microelectronics.
Mapping of landslide hazards prediction using geographic information system in Solok District

Solok District is one of the areas prone to the landslide in West Sumatera Province. Generally, landslides are caused by natural and human factors. The aims of this study are to predict the location of the highest landslide hazard distribution in Solok District and to know the level of vulnerability of landslide hazards in Solok District. This study consists of preparatory steps, field survey, analysis and processing of the data based on 4 types of maps, i.e. rainfall, soil type, geological, and slope maps. These maps then scoring in 5 types of vulnerability levels. As the results of this study, it is known that the sub-districts are on the highest prediction of the landslide are Pantai Cermin, Lembah Gumanti, Hiliran Gumanti, Lake Kembar, Mount Talang, Payung Sekaki, Tigo Lurah, Bukit Sundi, Kubung, X Koto Singkarak and Junjung Sirih. The level of vulnerability prediction of landslide hazard in Solok District is divided into 5 levels, which is very low 44511,71 Ha with percentage of 11,91%, low of 69179,34 Ha with percentage 18,51%, while 89894.35 Ha with the percentage of 24.05%, height of 86307 Ha with the percentage of 23.09%, and very high 83907,60 Ha with the percentage of 22.45.
Pregnancy of unknown location: Evaluation and management

Early diagnosis of an extrauterine pregnancy is important for safe and effective management. However, a pregnancy's location often cannot be easily determined with abnormal implantations or prior to 5-6 weeks' gestation. Multiple testing strategies exist to diagnose an abnormal pregnancy when location is unknown, but caution needs to be used to avoid a false diagnosis. Medical treatment is optimal when an abnormal pregnancy is diagnosed early. Because most of these pregnancies are intrauterine, additional testing to localize the pregnancy will allow the correct choice of therapy and avoids unnecessary exposure to a toxic therapy. This testing strategy should be reserved for patients with significant concern for ectopic pregnancy, based on either risk factors or clinical findings. Overuse of this approach can lead to interruption of normal pregnancies.
A Haptic-Based Application for Active Exploration of Facial Expressions by the Visually Impaired

In this paper, a haptic-based interpretation of video images directly acquired by a webcam is introduced to help individuals who are visually impaired dynamically explore their own faces in an immersive haptic environment. Haptic interaction involves perception of the movement of different facial features through geometric cues in a 3D environment. Spatio-temporal variation of features due to facial movement assists those who are visually impaired to understand different facial expressions of emotions through active exploration of their own facial features. A dynamic haptic interface appropriate for this kind of interaction has been discussed. Lastly, application of this kind of training has been proposed for communication among individuals who are deafblind.
When Do Two Waves Create a Heterodyne Wave

It is well known that when two waves are added they produce beats. These beats are the amplitude modulation of the initial waves and occur periodically at a rate equal to the frequency difference of the two waves. Acoustical beats arise from sound waves of nearly equal frequencies. Optical beats arise from the interference of two light waves of nearly equal frequencies. Despite these examples, adding two waves does not always create a new wave at the beat frequency—a heterodyne wave. A heterodyne wave is, however, created only when the wave amplitudes combine nonlinearly. The resulting heterodyne wave can be identified because it is an additive term at a new frequency in the output waveform. An electrical circuit provides a unique opportunity to understand the responses of linear and nonlinear devices (resistors and diodes) to the sum of two sinusoidal waves. Using the resistor, the output frequencies are the same while the diode creates new (heterodyne) frequencies. A speaker in the circuit provides an audio demonstration of the difference between the devices.
Personality heterogeneity in adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders

We first confirmed adolescents diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorders (oppositional defiant, conduct disorder; n = 158) had lower constraint and higher negative emotionality, and greater psychiatric comorbidity and psychosocial dysfunction, relative to adolescents without (n = 755), in a population-based sample enriched for externalizing psychopathology (mean age = 17.90 years; 52% female). We then explored whether different personality types, defined by patterns of personality identified via latent profile analysis, were differently associated with clinical features in adolescents with a disruptive behavior disorder diagnosis. Four distinct personality types ("disinhibited," "high distress," "low distress," "positive") were meaningfully different from one another. Results highlight personality heterogeneity as a means of identifying individuals at greatest risk for the most deleterious forms of externalizing psychopathology.
Short-Term Outcomes following Standardized Admission of Late Preterm Infants to Family-Centered Care.

Objective The study compares the short-term outcomes of late preterm infants (LPI) at an academic center in San Diego, California after a change in protocol that eliminated a previously mandatory 12-hour neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) observation period after birth. Study Design This is a retrospective observational study examining all LPI born with gestational age 35 to 366/7 weeks between October 1, 2016 and October 31, 2017. A total of 189 infants were included in the review. Short-term outcomes were analyzed before and after the protocol change. Results Transfers to the NICU from family-centered care (FCC) were considerably higher (23.2%) following the protocol change, compared to before (8.2%). More infants were transferred to the NICU for failed car seat tests postprotocol compared to preprotocol. Length of stay before the protocol change was 5.13 days compared to 4.80 days after. Conclusion LPI are vulnerable to morbidities after delivery and through discharge. We found an increase in failed car seat tests in LPI cared for in FCC after elimination of a mandatory NICU observation after birth. The transitions of care from delivery to discharge are key checkpoints in minimizing complications.
Oxidation state of Mo affects dissolution and visible-light photocatalytic activity of MoO3 nanostructures

Abstract The role of shape, dissolution, and chemical properties of MoO3 nanomaterials with visible light photocatalytic activity are still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate the photodegradative properties and role of dissolution products under different pH values of three MoO3 nanomaterials with different shapes and chemical properties (nanorods, nanowires, and nanoplates). We show that different morphologies of MoO3 present different solubility behaviors with increasing pH (with the highest solubility occurring at pH 10), and this dissolution depends on the oxidative state and nature of the Mo O bonds, not just the size and morphology of the nanostructures. Nanoparticle dissolution seems to favorably affect the discoloration rate of methylene blue (MB) but not its photocatalytic degradation. It is important to differentiate MB discoloration as opposed to photocatalytic degradation since discoloration involves not only photocatalytic degradation but also adsorption and ion complexation processes. Our experiments for the removal of MB show that the nanorods present the best photocatalytic-based degradation activity, while the nanowires, which present the highest dissolution, decolorize MB the fastest. MoO3 photocatalytic degradation mechanism was investigated via the quantification of nanoparticle-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and measurement of MB photocatalytic degradation inhibition due to the presence of ROS scavengers. According to the results, photogenerated holes in the nanomaterial govern the degradative process by allowing production of hydrogen peroxide. This study demonstrates that MoO3 nanostructure chemical and physical properties, as well as nanostructure dissolution process, influence the photocatalytic properties of MoO3 nanostructures.
The Organizational Impacts of Computer Based Manufacturing

Current trends in world competition for sales of manufactured products and the capabilities of new production systems based upon computing and information technologies are leading inevitably, if slowly, to a very different kind of factory, one that will require significant changes in corporate organization and business strategy. The range of technology discussed at this meeting, exhibited at the recent machine tool and technology shows and reported in use at a wide variety of industrial enterprises suggests that the so-called “Factory-of-the-Future” is a real and present capability. It is a factory with very different economics; essentially a dramatic reduction in the costs associated with product variety and production change. This leads to an ability to meet the requirements of a rapidly changing and increasingly diversified marketplace; but only if firms both invest in new flexible factories and also make the organizational and structural changes that will enable the firm to take advantage of the flexibility and economy of scope available in a factory that is essentially a computer system with machine tools and robots in place of printers.
An Epidemiology-inspired Large-scale Analysis of Android App Accessibility

Accessibility barriers in mobile applications (apps) can make it challenging for people who have impairments or use assistive technology to use those apps. Ross et al.’s epidemiology-inspired framework emphasizes that a wide variety of factors may influence an app's accessibility and presents large-scale analysis as a powerful tool for understanding the prevalence of accessibility barriers (i.e., inaccessibility diseases). Drawing on this framework, we performed a large-scale analysis of free Android apps, exploring the frequency of accessibility barriers and factors that may have contributed to barrier prevalence. We tested a population of 9,999 apps for seven accessibility barriers: few TalkBack-focusable elements, missing labels, duplicate labels, uninformative labels, editable TextViews with contentDescription, fully overlapping clickable elements, and undersized elements. We began by measuring the prevalence of each accessibility barrier across all relevant element classes and apps. Missing labels and undersized elements were the most prevalent barriers. As a measure of the spread of barriers across apps, we assessed the five most reused classes of elements for missing labels and undersized elements. The Image Button class was among the most barrier-prone of the high reuse element classes; 53% of Image Button elements were missing labels and 40% were undersized. We also investigated factors that may have contributed to the high barrier prevalence in certain classes of elements, selecting examples based on prior knowledge, our analyses, and metrics of reuse and barrier-proneness. These case studies explore: (1) how the few TalkBack-focusable elements accessibility barrier relates to app category (e.g., Education, Entertainment) and the tools used to implement an app, (2) the prevalence of label-based barriers in image-based buttons, (3) design patterns that affect the labeling and size of Radio Buttons and Checkboxes, and (4) accessibility implications of the sizing of third-party plug-in elements. Our work characterizes the current state of Android accessibility, suggests improvements to the app ecosystem, and demonstrates analysis techniques that can be applied in further app accessibility assessments.
A novel methodology to evaluate RF reliability for SOI CMOS-based Power Amplifier mmWave applications

A new methodology to evaluate reliability under RF mmWave (f 0 >=28GHz) conditions is proposed. RF stress was performed on a pre-matched Power Amplifier (PA) single transistor cell for various RF input power (P in ) and drain voltage (V DS ) levels to measure RF degradation. A good correlation between RF time slopes to DC Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) is observed. PA simulations were performed using energy driven model for HCI. Results show good correlation between measured data establishing the validity of the reliability models under mmWave conditions.
Oxidative Modifications of Mitochondria Complex II

Increased superoxide (O2 (·-)) and nitric oxide (NO) production is a key mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the complex II, oxidative impairment, decreased protein S-glutathionylation, and increased protein tyrosine nitration at the 70 kDa subunit occur in the post-ischemic myocardium (Zhang et al., Biochemistry 49:2529-2539, 2010; Chen et al., J Biol Chem 283:27991-28003, 2008; Chen et al., J Biol Chem 282: 32640-32654, 2007). To gain the deeper insights into ROS-mediated oxidative modifications relevant in myocardial infarction, isolated complex II is subjected to in vitro oxidative modifications with GSSG (to induce cysteine S-glutathionylation) or OONO(-) (to induce tyrosine nitration). Here, we describe the protocol to characterize the specific oxidative modifications at the 70 kDa subunit by nano-LC/MS/MS analysis. We further demonstrate the cellular oxidative modification with protein nitration/S-glutathionylation with immunofluorescence microscopy using the antibodies against 3-nitrotyrosine/glutathione and complex II 70 kDa polypeptide (AbGSC90) in myocytes under conditions of oxidative stress.
Photoassociative spectroscopy of 87 Sr

We demonstrate photoassociation (PA) of ultracold fermionic $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ atoms. The binding energies of a series of molecular states on the $^{1}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}^{+}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}+5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}P_{1}$ molecular potential are fit with the semiclassical LeRoy-Bernstein model, and PA resonance strengths are compared to predictions based on the known $^{1}S_{0}+^{1}S_{0}$ ground-state potential. Similar measurements and analysis were performed for the bosonic isotopes $^{84}\mathrm{Sr}$ and $^{86}\mathrm{Sr}$, allowing a combined analysis of the long-range portion of the excited-state potential and determination of the $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}P_{1}$ atomic state lifetime of $5.20\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. The results enable prediction of PA rates across a wide range of experimental conditions.
Nucleosome Core Particles Lacking H2B or H3 Tails Are Altered Structurally and Have Differential Base Excision Repair Fingerprints.

A recently discovered post-translational modification of histone proteins is the irreversible proteolytic clipping of the histone N-terminal tail domains. This modification is involved in the regulation of various biological processes, including the DNA damage response. In this work, we used chemical footprinting to characterize the structural alterations to nucleosome core particles (NCPs) that result from a lack of a histone H2B or H3 tail. We also examine the influence of these histone tails on excision of the mutagenic lesion 1,N6-ethenoadenine (eA) by the repair enzyme alkyladenine DNA glycosylase. We found that the absence of the H2B or H3 tail results in altered DNA periodicity relative to that of native NCPs. We correlated these structural alterations to eA excision by utilizing a global analysis of 21 eA sites in NCPs and unincorporated duplex DNA. In comparison to native NCPs, there is enhanced excision of eA in tailless H2B NCPs in regions that undergo DNA unwrapping. This enhanced excision is not observed for tailless H3 NCPs; rather, excision is inhibited in more static areas of the NCP not prone to unwrapping. Our results support in vivo observations of alkylation damage profiles and the potential role of tail clipping as a mechanism for overcoming physical obstructions caused by packaging in NCPs but also reveal the potential inhibition of repair by tail clipping in some locations. Taken together, these results further our understanding of how base excision repair can be facilitated or diminished by histone tail removal and contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanism that leads to mutational hot spots.
Dual short wavelength infrared transillumination/reflectance mode imaging for caries detection.

Significance We have developed a clinical probe capable of acquiring near-simultaneous short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) reflectance and occlusal transillumination images of lesions on tooth proximal and occlusal surfaces. We hypothesize that dual images will aid in differentiating between shallow and deep occlusal lesions and reduce the potential of false positives (FPs). Aim The aim of this study was to test the performance of the dual reflectance and occlusal transillumination probe on extracted teeth prior to commencing clinical studies. Approach The dual probe was 3D printed and the imaging system uses an InGaAs camera and broadband superluminescent diode light sources that emit broadband light at 1300 nm for occlusal transillumination and 1600-nm light for cross-polarization reflectance. The diagnostic performance of the dual probe was assessed using 120 extracted teeth with approximal and occlusal lesions. Reflectance and transillumination images were fused into single images to enhance the contrast between sound and lesion areas. The lesion contrast in both modes did not increase significantly with either the lesion depth or the distance from the occlusal surface for approximal lesions. In addition, the diagnostic performance of radiography, the individual reflectance and transillumination images, dual images, and fused images were compared using micro-computed tomography as the gold standard. Results Reflectance imaging at 1600 nm yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy for lesions on both occlusal and proximal surfaces while radiography yielded the lowest number of FPs. Conclusion This study demonstrates that simultaneous acquisition of both reflectance and transillumination SWIR images is possible with a single clinical device.
COMET: A Domain-Specific Compilation of High-Performance Computational Chemistry.

The computational power increases over the past decades havegreatly enhanced the ability to simulate chemical reactions andunderstand ever more complex transformations. Tensor contractions are the fundamental computational building block of these simulations. These simulations have often been tied to one platform and restricted in generality by the interface provided to the user. The expanding prevalence of accelerators and researcher demands necessitate a more general approach which is not tied to specific hardware or requires contortion of algorithms to specific hardware platforms. In this paper we present COMET, a domain-specific programming language and compiler infrastructure for tensor contractions targeting heterogeneous accelerators. We present a system of progressive lowering through multiple layers of abstraction and optimization that achieves up to 1.98X speedup for 30 tensor contractions commonly used in computational chemistry and beyond.
A review of 92 obstetric patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York and their peripartum anaesthetic management.

INTRODUCTION: The Bronx is a borough of New York City that has been profoundly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Limited reports exist discussing the anaesthetic management of obstetric patients infected with COVID-19. We review a cohort of obstetric patients in the Bronx with COVID-19 and report their delivery data, anaesthetic management, and maternal-fetal outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 92 pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who delivered between 1 February 2020 and 1 May 2020. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, anaesthetic management, and clinical outcomes. Patients were stratified by mode of delivery and COVID-19 disease severity. RESULTS: Of the 92 deliveries, 49 (53%) were vaginal, 14 (15%) were scheduled caesareans, and 29 (32%) were unscheduled caesareans. 64 patients (70%) were asymptomatic for COVID-19 (mild disease: 18 patients [19%], moderate disease: 7 patients [8%], severe disease: 2 patients [2%], critical disease: 1 patient [1%]). 83 patients (90%) received neuraxial analgesia and/or anaesthesia, with combined spinal-epidural (CSE) and dural puncture epidural (DPE) as the most common techniques. 5 patients (5%) required general anaesthesia (GA) for caesarean delivery, 3 (3%) of whom were intubated for severe or critical COVID-19 disease. CONCLUSIONS: Given the risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission, GA was avoided in all but the most critically ill patients. CSE and DPE were optimal for minimizing catheter failure rates and risk of conversion to GA. SARS-CoV-2 infection in obstetric patients may be associated with an increased risk for adverse outcomes including preeclampsia, preterm delivery, unscheduled caesarean delivery, and mechanical ventilation.
Recasting solidarity: a call for radical engagement and academic unification

The acknowledgement and attention to the global pandemics has caused shifts in every field beyond imagination. As educators witnessing the impacts of the shifts, heightened exposure of equity in education continues to be highlighted and the urgency for engagements established in solidarity. In this article, I emphasize how institutionalized practices can provide a resurgence of engagement for scholars seeking to break with cultured neoliberal education that is progressively overshadowed by personal objectives and external advantages. Seemingly, while education is being contextualized as a benefit for the individual instead of being valued as part of a larger network of thought, I encourage scholars to recast solidarity. As educational practices continue to evolve, the collective desire to improve methods of teaching, learning and leading hubs of social change is constant. Recasting the approach of change through a solidarity lens can come in many constructive forms while being open to other ideas that may provide a different lens in working in unison for equity during the current socio-political times. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Seeing through the Skin: Photoacoustic Tomography of Skin Vasculature and Beyond

Skin diseases are the most common human diseases and manifest in distinct structural and functional changes to skin tissue components such as basal cells, vasculature, and pigmentation. Although biopsy is the standard practice for skin disease diagnosis, it is not sufficient to provide in vivo status of the skin and highly depends on the timing of diagnosis. Noninvasive imaging technologies that can provide structural and functional tissue information in real time would be invaluable for skin disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Among the modern medical imaging technologies, photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) shows great promise as an emerging optical imaging modality with high spatial resolution, high imaging speed, deep penetration depth, rich contrast, and inherent sensitivity to functional and molecular information. Over the last decade, PAT has undergone an explosion in technical development and biomedical applications. Particularly, PAT has attracted increasing attention in skin disease diagnosis, providing structural, functional, metabolic, molecular, and histological information. In this concise review, we introduce the principles and imaging capability of various PA skin imaging technologies. We highlight the representative applications in the past decade with a focus on imaging skin vasculature and melanoma. We also envision the critical technical developments necessary to further accelerate the translation of PAT technologies to fundamental skin research and clinical impacts.
Charcot, Jean-Martin

Jean-Martin Charcot was the most celebrated clinical neurologist of the nineteenth century. Working at the Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, he developed his internationally respected neurological service from very primitive beginnings. He anchored most of his work in the anatomoclinical method of correlating clinical signs with lesions of the spinal cord, brainstem, and cortex. In the late portion of his career, he devoted attention to the knotty area of hysteria.
Rito y sacrificio en "Crónica de una muerte anunciada"

Con la publicacion de Cronica de una muerte anunciada en 1981, Garcia Marquez parece haber tocado una fibra muy sensible en el lector. El gran numero y la amplia variedad de las aproximaciones criticas suscitadas sugieren, por cierto, la inquietante presencia en esta novela de preocupaciones fundamentales del mundo de nuestros dias, particularmente en el ambito hispanico. Para los propositos de este estudio conviene revisar someramente la critica sobre Cronica que toca algunos aspectos que aqui seran considerados. Muy fructiferos y reveladores han sido los trabajos que establecen los lazos que la novela tiene con la tragedia griega y el rito de sacrificio. Las investigaciones que han adoptado la perspectiva feminista han logrado, tambien, destacar una vena significativa subyacente en la obra de Garcia Marquez: los personajes femeninos tienen en esta novela roles que, por lo general, no tienen en la vida real. Otra linea de pensamiento critico cree ver la "muerte anunciada" de Santiago Nasar en funcion del sacrificio de Cristo, o como un ataque contra la Iglesia Catolica. Lo que estos ultimos estudios proponen parece no encontrar confirmacion en el texto de la novela. Mucho mas iluminadora es una indagacion critica que examina en la novela la relacion "cronica"-"ficcion", en cuanto busqueda de la verdad. Desde este punto de vista, la lectura del "texto-cronica" (policial o detectivesca) conduce al reconocimiento del fracaso de la busqueda: las dudas que la "cronica" trata de resolver persisten. Y esto a pesar del designio de verdad implicito en el concepto mismo de "cronica". Por otra parte, la lectura del
Synthesis of unusually strained spiroheterocyclic ring systems and their exploits in synthesis

Small ring compounds have continually captivated physical and synthetic organic chemists because of their remarkable structures and the reactions that are feasible due to the inherent ring strain of these systems. Isolable, small, strained carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings have been known for over a century, but recently there have been a number of new spiroheterocycles described. Specifically, the utility of oxa- and dioxaspiropentanes as well as oxa- and dioxaspirohexanes has been demonstrated in the synthesis of natural and unnatural products. The ring systems investigated to date have shown interesting and varied reactivity patterns due to the unique physical properties of these small rings. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of small strained spiroheterocycles and to illustrate their applications in synthetic endeavors. This review will be restricted to spiro heterocyclic pentane and hexane systems, as other types of strained systems have been recently reviewed.1 An initial, general overview of reactivity patterns for these systems identified by various researchers will hopefully enable the reader to put the following discussion of reactions and applications in perspective. Oxaspiro[2.2]pentanes and 1,4-dioxaspiro[2.2]pentanes I exhibit similar reactivity patterns.2 The C-O bond of the epoxide is cleaved upon either acid-mediated rearrangement or nucleophile addition. 1-Oxaspiro[2.3]hexanes II, 1,4-dioxaspiro[2.3]hexanes III, and 4-oxaspiro[2.3]hexanes IV offer two primary modes of reactivity. The predominant Lewis acid promoted rearrangement through a stabilized carbocation provides cyclopentanone products, yet nucleophilic addition favors the more hindered epoxide C-O bond. However, dioxaspirohexanes III tend to undergo nucleophilic substitution primarily at either of the epoxide C-O bonds. Of the four possible reactive centers in 1,4-dioxaspiro[2.3]hexan-5-ones IV only substitution at the less hindered epoxide C-O bond or the C=O bond has been observed under various reaction conditions.