cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developmental psychiatry: is there any other kind?

This paper describes the importance of the developmental perspective in psychiatry and addresses the lack of a developmental focus in the DSM-based descriptive empirical model. Although the publication of DSM-III in 1980 represented a “breakthrough” in psychiatry, the revisions of its diagnostic framework over the subsequent two decades have not adapted to the rapidly evolving changes in the field. In this paper we argue that, like once-grand theories, the breakthroughs in the diagnostic framework need to transform. The developmental perspective provides an interdisciplinary and conceptual framework linking facts and theories. It is inherent in different aspects of psychiatry and readily accommodates the descriptive-empirical model by means of inclusive concepts borrowed from developmental psychopathology and psychobiology. It also makes important contributions to a process-oriented approach to measurement. Developmentally operationalized and multidimensional constructs stand to broaden psychiatric domain...
Parallel Computation of the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations with a Pressure-Correction Algorithm

A parallel algorithm for the solution of the 2D compressible Navier-Stokes equations has been developed and demonstrated on a distributed memory multicomputer. The algorithm represents an extension of an earlier parallel incompressible pressure correction algorithm developed by the author. The new algorithm features a revised formulation of the pressure correction equation that simultaneously updates both velocity and density to enforce continuity, and uses upwinding of the densities to allow shock capturing. The parallel implementation is based on a full two-dimensional domain decomposition. As in the earlier algorithm, an effective block correction procedure is found to be the key to high parallel efficiency. Results are obtained on a 32-node Intel iPSC/2VX hypercube for inviscid and viscous transonic flows in turbomachinery blade rows. Performance approaching 1/4 that of a single-processor Cray Y-MP is achieved.
Implementation of a discrete event simulator for biological self-assembly systems

We have implemented a simulation tool for the study of computationally challenging biological self-assembly systems, particularly viral protein shells. The simulator implements a generic model of self-assembly based on simple local binding interactions to specify the behavior of complex self-assembly reactions. Recently developed discrete event methods allow for fast quantitative simulation of these systems. The new simulator uses the Java language to implement the model in a portable, interactive graphical tool. The Java libraries can also be used directly to build customized simulations. This paper discusses the simulator model, the theoretical basis for its efficient operation, and implementation issues in its design. It also discusses empirical validation of the simulator package and presents sample applications.
In-Orbit Estimation of Inertia and Momentum-Actuator Alignment Parameters

Knowledge of the mass distribution and momentum actuator-alignment parameters of a spacecraft is vital to the control of its attitude motion. The difficulty of measuring the complete set of these quantities before launch, along with the potential for changes in the spacecraft mass distribution during operations, suggests the utility of estimating these parameters in orbit from available telemetry data. This paper develops a series of possible onboard parameter estimation schemes based onmeasurement equations describing the angularmomentum and kinetic energy states of the rigid-body system. The performance of the algorithms is compared over both a simulated maneuver and a series of data sets from the MESSENGER spacecraft.
Skills, performance, and earnings in the tournament compensation model: evidence from PGA tour microdata.

Previous research on professional golf has estimated reduced-form models in which earnings are a function of skills measured as year-long averages. Using individual, tournament-level data, this article makes three improvements. First, the use of tournament-level data removes measurement error in the skills by adjusting the data for tournament-level idiosyncrasies such as the effect of altitude on driving distance. Second, the collection of microdata allows one to examine variance and skewness of the skills distributions in addition to just the mean. And third, the article estimates a structural model in which golfers use their skills to perform well in competitions by shooting low scores at one level, while those score distributions underlie the tournament earnings of the golfers at the other level. Tighter estimates of the coefficients are resolved and the overall adjusted R2 improves from 0.36 to more than 0.90.
High-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of secondary organic aerosol generated by ozonolysis of isoprene

The chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the ozonolysis of isoprene (C5H8) in the presence of an OH scavenger was examined using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The chemical composition of SOA is complex, with more than 1000 assigned peaks observed in the positive and negative ion mode spectra. Only a small fraction of peaks corresponds to known products of isoprene oxidation, such as pyruvic acid, glycolic acid, methylglyoxal, etc. The absolute majority of the detected peaks correspond to highly oxidized oligomeric constituents of SOA, with an average O:C molar ratio of ~0.6. The corresponding organic mass (OM) to organic oxygen (OO) ratio is OM/OO ~2.4. Approximately 8% of oxygen atoms in SOA are in the form of peroxides as quantified with an iodide test. Double bond equivalency (DBE) factors, representing the sum of all double bonds and rings, increase by 1 for every 2-3 additional carbon atoms in the molecule. The prevalent oligomer building blocks are therefore carbonyls or carboxylic acids with a C2-C3 skeleton. Kendrick analysis suggests that simple aldehydes, specifically formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and methylglyoxal can serve as monomeric building blocks in the observed oligomers. The large number of reactive functional groups, especially organicmore » peroxides and carbonyls, suggests that isoprene/O3 SOA should be prone to chemical and photochemical aging.« less
Super-resolution enhancement of native digital video versus digitized NTSC sequences

As video surveillance systems migrate from analog to digital, law enforcement agencies are entering a new era of forensic image analysis in which storage and enhancement can be performed exclusively on a computer. With a fixed compression ratio of 5:1, native digital video (DV) is far from perfect. However, it is inevitable that networks of DV surveillance cameras will soon be utilized in corporations, government facilities, and airports throughout the world. The keys to expediting this conversion include convincing the law enforcement community that the DV format is indeed acceptable as a replacement for analog NTSC video captured within closed circuit television systems, and that, in the future, enhanced forensic digital video will be admissible as evidence in most courts of law. Empirical results are presented, in which super-resolution video enhancement is applied to similar DV and digitized NTSC fields in order to compare the high-resolution video stills that result from multi-field integration and upsampling. Visually, it is shown that native DV has excellent quality compared to digitized NTSC video, and that super-resolution enhancement can indeed be useful for extracting additional information from either format.
Ecological stasis and saltation: Species richness change in planktic foraminifera during the late Paleocene to early Eocene, DSDP Site 577

Abstract A high resolution study of late Paleocene to early Eocene planktic foraminifera at DSDP Site 577 indicates the presence of three rapid faunal turnovers, or saltation events, with durations varying between 200–400 kyr and species turnover rates between 4–12 species/100 kyr. These saltation events are separated by slow faunal turnovers, or stasis intervals, with durations varying between 2.56–5.21 Myr and species turnover rates between 0.6–1.8 species/100 kyr. Each saltation event has different characteristics with disappearances equal to appearances in event T1, appearances dominate in event T2 that nearly double species richness, and primarily disappearances in event T3 that nearly halve species richness. Only event T2 near the P E boundary is associated with major and sudden environmental changes, as marked by a rapid warming in the deep ocean and high-latitude surface ocean and a negative excursion in carbonate δ13C values, that suggest a cause-effect relationship. The other two events occur during intervals of gradual environmental changes. We suggest that all three faunal events are triggered by the attainment of threshold conditions during the oceanic environmental changes. Threshold conditions may be attained through rapid environmental changes as in the case of event T2 near the P E boundary, or by gradual though cumulative environmental changes as appears to be the case in events T1 and T3. It is unclear, however, which environmental factors (e.g., temperature, salinity, nutrients, water-mass stratification) force rapid faunal turnovers or what role intrinsic biotic factors play.
The reliability of diagnostic coding and laboratory data to identify tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease among rheumatoid arthritis patients using anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.

Purpose Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) therapies are associated with severe mycobacterial infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We developed and validated electronic record search algorithms for these serious infections.
Seeing the Destination but Not the Path: Effects of Socioeconomic Disadvantage on School-focused Possible Self Content and Linked Behavioral Strategies

Low-income children perform better in school when school-focused future identities are a salient aspect of their possible self for the coming year and these school-focused future identities are linked to behavioral strategies (Oyserman et al., 2006). Hierarchical linear modeling of data from a four-state low-income neighborhood sample of eighth-graders suggests two central consequences of family and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation on children's school-focused possible identities and strategies. First, higher neighborhood disadvantage is associated with greater salience of school in children's possible self for the coming year. Second, disadvantage clouds the path to school-success; controlling for salience of school-focused possible identities, children living in lower socioeconomic status families and boys living in more economically disadvantaged neighborhoods were less likely to have strategies to attain their school-focused possible identities. The influence of family socioeconomic status was s...
Polarity-Controlled GaN/AlN Nucleation Layers for Selective-Area Growth of GaN Nanowire Arrays on Si(111) Substrates by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We have demonstrated dramatic improvement in the quality of selective-area GaN nanowire growth by controlling the polarity of the underlying nucleation layers. In particular, we find that N-polarity is beneficial for the growth of large ordered nanowire arrays with arbitrary spacing. Herein, we present techniques for obtaining and characterizing polarity-controlled nucleation layers on Si (111) substrates. An initial AlN layer, which is demonstrated to adopt Al- (N-)polarity for N- (Al-)rich growth conditions, is utilized to configure the polarity of subsequently grown GaN layers as determined by piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), polarity-dependent surface reconstructions, and polarity-sensitive etching. Polarity-dependent surface reconstructions observed in reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns were found to be particularly useful for in situ verification of the nucleation layer polarity, prior to mask deposition, patterning, and selective-area regrowth of the GaN NW arrays. N-...
Non-expert interpretations of hurricane forecast uncertainty visualizations

Uncertainty represented in visualizations is often ignored or misunderstood by the non-expert user. The National Hurricane Center displays hurricane forecasts using a track forecast cone, depicting the expected track of the storm and the uncertainty in the forecast. Our goal was to test whether different graphical displays of a hurricane forecast containing uncertainty would influence a decision about storm characteristics. Participants viewed one of five different visualization types. Three varied the currently used forecast cone, one presented a track with no uncertainty, and one presented an ensemble of multiple possible hurricane tracks. Results show that individuals make different decisions using uncertainty visualizations with different visual properties, demonstrating that basic visual properties must be considered in visualization design and communication.
Ultrathin lensed fiber-optic probe for optical coherence tomography

We investigated and validated a novel method to develop ultrathin lensed fiber-optic (LFO) probes for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. We made the LFO probe by attaching a segment of no core fiber (NCF) to the distal end of a single mode fiber (SMF) and generating a curved surface at the tip of the NCF using the electric arc of a fusion splicer. The novel fabrication approach enabled us to control the length of the NCF and the radius of the fiber lens independently. By strategically choosing these two parameters, the LFO probe could achieve a broad range of working distance and depth of focus for different OCT applications. A probe with 125μm diameter and lateral resolution up to 10μm was demonstrated. The low-cost, disposable and robust LFO probe is expected to have great potential for interstitial OCT imaging.
Experimental study of bio-oil gasification with steam

The experiment on the non-catalytic steam gasification of bio-oil was carried out in a lab-scale fixed bed reactor.The influence of operating parameters such as the temperature and the mol ratio of steam to carbon(S/C) on the gas yield and composition was investigated.The results show that increasing temperature can enhance the conversion of bio-oil to syngas;the carbon conversion of bio-oil can be as high as 97.8% at 1 200 ℃,and the proportion of effective gas component(H2+CO) in the product gas is nearly 77% with a mol ratio of H2/CO=1.19.The mol ratio of H2/CO increases with an increase of S/C mol ratio,and reaches up to 3.69 at S/C=4.However,the addition of steam does not favor the increase of the composition of effective syngas.The product gas from steam gasification has a medium heating value.
Urodynamic Findings and Clinical Status Following Vesical Denervation Procedures for Control of Incontinence

AbstractWe compared the results of intrathecal chemical rhizotomy performed in 3 patients, complete sacral rhizotomy in 3 and dorsal root ganglionectomy in 3. Dorsal root ganglionectomy (S2 to S4) obviated reflex bladder contractility and autonomic dysreflexia, and did not induce detrusor hypertonia. Chemical rhizotomy failed to abolish reflex activity or autonomic dysreflexia and was unsatisfactory. Complete intradural sacral rhizotomy obviated reflex activity and autonomic dysreflexia but induced detrusor hypertonicity and incontinence.
Factors Affecting the Dissolution Rate of Medicaments from Tablets I: In Vitro Dissolution Rate of Commercial Phenobarbital Tablets

An in vitro dissolution test method is described and 42 lots of commercial phenobarbital tablets produced by 24 manufacturers were evaluated by means of the test. Thirteen lots of tablets showed incomplete dissolution within 30 min., six of which failed to release 100 percent of the drug in 1 hr. The dissolution rate data are compared with those obtained by the USP XVII tablet disintegration procedure. No correlation existed between the two tests.
Comparing CBV and Hb saturation changes in rat somatosensory cortex measured with fMRI and DOT

The time courses of both CBV and oxygenation following electrical forepaw stimulation were measured using Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT). Results matched those obtained with fMRI. Thus, DOT can accurately measure the temporal and spatial evolution of cerebral hemodynamic events.
Changing the Rules of Trade and Investment

Tobacco firms frequently attempt to propagate trade and investment rules that favor them by lobbying governments who are negotiating international trade and investment agreements. Drawing on widely-cited literature in political science that engages with interest groups and lobbying, Jarman examines the common features of interest group lobbying in trade policy, including the extensive influence of businesses and business associations, and the comparatively minor influence exerted over trade negotiations by public health advocates. Jarman draws on key trade negotiations to support her arguments, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and the Trans Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.
The wild side of life: Drosophila reproduction in nature.

Drosophila species vary in the rates at which females remate and the number of sperm they receive in the laboratory. In species such as D. melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura, in which females receive thousands of sperm and remate infrequently compared with species such as D. hydei and D. nigrospiracula, where females receive only a few hundred sperm and remate many times in a day, wild caught females should produce far more progeny. We tested this prediction by collecting, directly from nature, females of six species whose remating rates and number of sperm received vary from high to low and assessing the proportion of females with sperm and the number of progeny females produce. Over 95% of D. pseudoobscura and D. melanogaster females were inseminated while far fewer of the other species contained any sperm. In addition, D, pseudoobscura females produced progeny for over two weeks, D. melanogaster for over a week, while D. hydei and D. nigrospiracula females ran out of sperm after 1–2 d. These observation...
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Surgical Management

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) accounts for less than 10 % of all thyroid malignancies. About 75 % of patients with MTC have sporadic disease, and 25 % have disease based upon Ret proto-oncogene mutation. Management for presymptomatic genetically affected patients, and for patients with clinically evident disease, requires separate consideration.
Local Application of Statins Significantly Reduced Hypertrophic Scarring in a Rabbit Ear Model.

Background We previously showed that intradermal injection of statins is a successful treatment for hypertrophic scarring. Topical application has many advantages over intradermal injection. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of topical statin treatment in reducing scar in our validated rabbit ear scar model. Methods Twenty New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 study groups, with 6 rabbits receiving 10 μm pravastatin intradermally at postoperative days 15, 18, and 21, and 14 rabbits receiving 0.4%, 2%, and 10% simvastatin topical application at postoperative days 14-25. Four or 6 full-thickness circular dermal punches 7 mm in diameter were made on the ventral surface of the ear down to but not including the perichondrium. Specimens were collected at 28 days to evaluate the effects of statins on hypertrophic scarring. Results Treatment with pravastatin intradermal administration significantly reduced scarring in terms of scar elevation index. Topical treatment with both medium- and high-dose simvastatin also significantly reduced scarring. High-dose simvastatin topical treatment showed a major effect in scar reduction but induced side effects of scaling, erythema, and epidermal hyperplasia, which were improved with coapplication of cholesterol. There is a dose response in scar reduction with low-, medium- and high-dose simvastatin topical treatment. High-dose simvastatin treatment significantly reduced the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of connective tissue growth factor, consistent with our previously published work on intradermally injected statins. More directly, high-dose simvastatin treatment also significantly reduced the mRNA expression of collagen 1A1. Conclusions Topical simvastatin significantly reduces scar formation. The mechanism of efficacy for statin treatment through interference with connective tissue growth factor mRNA expression was confirmed.
The Fox River Region Leading Indicators for Excellence: The Benefits and Challenges of Regional Collaboration

Philanthropic partners in three metropolitan areas of Northeast Wisconsin collaborated to study quality of life using a mixed-method approach that enabled them to develop common indicators. The research was done in such a way that data could be aggregated regionally, shared and analyzed collectively, and compiled into a comprehensive report for the entire region. With the LIFE Study (an acronym for Leading Indicators for Excellence), each metro area compiled secondary, public opinion, and qualitative data to provide a rich data resource for its community and create a dashboard of leading indicators. Triangulation of the data revealed strong themes of local strengths and areas of concern. The Fox River Region LIFE Study demonstrates the feasibility of a collaborative project to compile data on quality of life at the regional level and offers a number of insights that will assist others in designing an approach that leads to regional action.
Faculty development through simulation-based education in physical therapist education.

The use of simulation-based education (SBE) in health professions, such as physical therapy, requires faculty to expand their teaching practice and development. The impact of this teaching on the individual faculty member, and how their teaching process changes or develops, is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to explore individual physical therapist faculty members’ experience with SBE and how those experiences may have transformed their teaching practice to answer the research questions: How do physical therapist faculty develop through including SBE and are there commonalities among educators? An interpretive phenomenological analysis approach was used with a small sample of subjects who participated in three individual semi-structured interviews. Interview questions were created through the lens of transformative learning theory to allow faculty transformations to be uncovered. A two-step thematic coding process was conducted across participants to identify commonalities of faculty experiences with SBE in physical therapist education. Credibility and trustworthiness were achieved through member checking and expert external review. Thematic findings were validated with transcript excerpts and research field notes. Eight physical therapist faculty members (25% male) with a range of 3 to 16 years of incorporating SBE shared their individual experiences. Four common themes related to faculty development were identified across the participants. Themes identified are the following: faculty strengthen their professional identity as physical therapists, faculty are affected by their introduction and training with simulation, faculty develop their interprofessional education through SBE, and faculty experiences with SBE facilitate professional growth. Physical therapist educators had similarities in their experiences with SBE that transformed their teaching practice and professional development. This study provides insight into what physical therapist faculty may experience when adopting SBE.
Extracellular matrix in lung development, homeostasis and disease

The lung's unique extracellular matrix (ECM), while providing structural support for cells, is critical in the regulation of developmental organogenesis, homeostasis and injury-repair responses. The ECM, via biochemical or biomechanical cues, regulates diverse cell functions, fate and phenotype. The composition and function of lung ECM become markedly deranged in pathological tissue remodeling. ECM-based therapeutics and bioengineering approaches represent promising novel strategies for regeneration/repair of the lung and treatment of chronic lung diseases. In this review, we assess the current state of lung ECM biology, including fundamental advances in ECM composition, dynamics, topography, and biomechanics; the role of the ECM in normal and aberrant lung development, adult lung diseases and autoimmunity; and ECM in the regulation of the stem cell niche. We identify opportunities to advance the field of lung ECM biology and provide a set recommendations for research priorities to advance knowledge that would inform novel approaches to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic lung diseases.
Lyme Disease Testing in a High-Incidence State: Clinician Knowledge and Patterns.

Objectives Lyme disease (LD) incidence is increasing, but data suggest some clinicians are not fully aware of recommended procedures for ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests. The study objective was to assess clinicians' knowledge and practices regarding LD testing in a high-incidence region. Methods We distributed surveys to 1,142 clinicians in the University of Vermont Medical Center region, of which 144 were completed (12.6% response rate). We also examined LD laboratory test results and logs of calls to laboratory customer service over a period of 2.5 years and 6 months, respectively. Results Most clinicians demonstrated basic knowledge of diagnostic protocols, but many misinterpreted Western blot results. For example, 42.4% incorrectly interpreted a positive immunoglobulin M result as an overall positive test in a patient with longstanding symptoms. Many also reported receiving patient requests for unvalidated tests. Conclusions Additional education and modifications to LD test ordering and reporting systems would likely reduce errors and improve patient care.
Distress prevalence and associated risk factors within the urothelial cancer population.

526Background: Prevalence of distress has been estimated as high as 40% in some cancer populations, but minimal literature exists regarding distress in bladder cancer patients. Distress has been li...
Scaling and Spectral Structure of Relativistic High-Order-Harmonic Generation

We develop scaling models for the behavior of relativistic high-order-harmonic generation, showing how the spectrum, attosecond pulse intensity, and the formation of secondary pulses depend on a simplified set of parameters.
Internal Gravity Waves

In both the atmosphere and the ocean, the fluid is density stratified, i.e., ρ = ρ(z) (it is also a function of horizontal coordinates and time) so that usually dense fluid underlies lighter fluid. This stratification supports a new class of waves called internal waves. Internal waves are designated as such, because the vertical structure of the waves is oscillatory in z (contrast with the surface gravity wave) and most of the vertical displacement occurs within the fluid as opposed to the upper boundary, as in the gravity wave example we have just studied.
Remembering things seen: experimental approaches to the process of information transmittal

The persistent problem of determining the factors that lead to continuity or variation when information is transmitted in different kinds of cultural situations is addressed here experimentally in a series of reproduction tasks. Art students were given varying degrees of exposure to different kinds of images and objects from different cultures and were asked to make reproductions. The results indicate that the most important factors leading to accurate reproductions are length of exposure, meaningful associations, and especially cultural knowledge. These factors can be used to develop more realistic archaeological models that posit the kinds of information transmitted in different kinds of contact situations.
A Humanist Congregation in Post-war Black Chicago: Lewis McGee and the Free Religious Association, 1947–1953

Religious humanism sprung up across the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Unitarian congregations and leaders birthed many of these early religious humanist groups. However, among Unitarians, these groups were predominantly white and led by men until the late 1940s. In 1947, African Americans Lewis and Marcella McGee started the Free Religious Fellowship, a Unitarian congregation on the South Side of Chicago. Central to the fellowship’s mission was creating an interracial congregation that provided a religious home for middle-class black humanists and religious education for their children. This chapter briefly explores some of the internal and external challenges the fellowship faced and what ultimately prompted the McGees to leave for other opportunities.
Sesame: A Numerical Simulation Tool for Polycrystalline Photovoltaics

We present a new software simulation tool “Sesame”, which solves the drift-diffusion-Poisson equations in 1 and 2-dimensions. Sesame is distributed both as an open source Python package and as a standalone executable for Windows. The software is designed to enable easy construction of systems with extended defects such as grain boundaries and sample surfaces. In this paper, we present an overview of Sesame’s capabilities along with results benchmarking Sesame against commercial software packages. The source code, executable, and full documentation with tutorials is available at https://pages.nist.gov/sesame
Stage 5: Fit for Purpose Outcomes and the Constraints View

This chapter describes the last stage of the Human Viewpoint methodology, combining the models and analyses to create a set of Fit for Purpose views that directly address stakeholder concerns and support strategic decision making. These custom views respond to the initial context or use-case that drove the development of the Human Views for the socio-technical system. This chapter also introduces the last Human View, the Constraints view. This view contains the limitations of the human system and may influence the interpretation of the socio-technical analysis within the realities of its implementation.
Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals in WWTP Influents

Pharmaceuticals are a class of emerging micropollutants whose detection in surface waters have been attributed to domestic effluent discharges. Although concerns over potential ecological and health impacts have been raised for certain pharmaceutical groups (e.g., antibiotics), to date there are no discharge standards for these chemicals. Given that most ecotoxicity studies for pharmaceuticals were performed in laboratory settings that may differ from environmental conditions, there is a need to establish their actual environmental concentrations. In the current study, we performed a systematic review of literature to examine the influent sewage concentrations of erythromycin (prescription antibiotic) and ibuprofen (over-the counter pain reliever) in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The literature search and screening procedure yielded datasets from a total of 250 WWTPs which were grouped according to plant capacity (small, 100 MGD) and geographic location (Asia, Europe, North America). Measured erythromycin levels in the influent ranged from $10^{-1}\ {\mu} \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$ to $1\ {\mu} \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$ , while ibuprofen levels ranged from $10^{-1}\ {\mu} \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$ to $10^{2}\ {\mu} \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$ . Average erythromycin levels were about the same across all WWTP sizes and regions. Average ibuprofen levels were significantly higher in small WWTPs than in large WWTPs ( $\mathrm{p} ). Average ibuprofen levels were highest in North America −102 times higher than in Europe and 10 times higher than in Asia. With respect to WWTP operation, research findings suggest that small WWTPs should receive the same consideration as larger WWTPs where the level of treatment (i.e., degree of removal) for pharmaceuticals is concerned. Furthermore, the summarized occurrence data presented in this study provide insights to WWTP managers in assessing if enhanced WWTP treatment or downstream risks assessment for receiving streams are needed.
Intelligent Status Monitoring System for Smart Substations

Abstract Power equipment condition monitoring systems ensure the normal operation of power equipment and predict the loss of equipment in order to establish a reasonable maintenance plan, and they are the foundation for the realization of smart substations. Therefore, condition-based maintenance based on equipment condition monitoring becomes one of the key technologies to realize a smart substation and build a smart grid. Condition monitoring of power equipment obtains a variety of characteristic parameters of the equipment in time using sensors, computers, and communication networks, and it combines with certain expert system software to judge the reliability of the equipment and forecast the equipment’s residual life, so as to find the potential faults and improve power supply reliability. This chapter will focus on the current monitoring technology of substation equipment and review the status of condition monitoring technology and the future development trends combined with development direction of smart grids.
Novel Approach to Treatment of Chronic Iliocaval Occlusion Utilizing Covered Stents

Background Chronic iliocaval obstruction is a challenging clinical entity to treat. Endovenous iliocaval stenting is becoming the treatment of choice for central vein stenosis and occlusion. However, outcomes in thrombotic disease have not been as robust as nonthrombotic disease. In this article, we describe our experience utilizing covered stents as a novel tool for chronic total occlusions of the iliocaval veins. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing endovenous stenting with a covered stent for chronic occlusive iliocaval disease over a 3-year period at our institution. Patients were followed clinically and with venous duplexes to assess the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of iliocaval endovenous stenting with covered stents. Results A total of 10 patients (8 men and 2 women) underwent iliocaval stenting with covered stents from July 2015 to May 2018. A total of 20 self-expanding covered stents (SECS) and 13 balloon expandable covered stents (BECS) were deployed in the central veins of the 10 patients. Six SECS and 5 BECS were deployed in the inferior vena cava, 10 SECS and 6 BECS were deployed in the common iliac veins (CIVs) (5 patients had bilateral CIV BECS and 2 patients had bilateral CIV SECS), and 4 SECS and 2 BECS were deployed in the external iliac veins (2 patients had bilateral SECS placed). Median follow-up time was 12.1 (range 0.5–35.0) months. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications. Nine (90%) patients maintained primary stent patency during our follow-up time. One patient (10%) had rethrombosis of his stent due to undertreated common femoral vein disease in the setting of a new myeloproliferative neoplasm and an inappropriate cessation of therapeutic anticoagulation. All patients who were symptomatic preoperatively had improvement in their pain, venous ulceration, and venous claudication. Eight of nine (89%) patients had improvement in their lower extremity edema. Conclusions Covered endovenous stenting of chronically occluded central veins is a safe and promising procedure. Their use may improve the short- and long-term outcomes in this challenging patient population. Further studies are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy and cost of their use.
Formulas and Inequalities for Some Special Functions of a Complex Variable

The presented formulas and inequalities are based on interconnection of convolution and hypergeometric properties. Some known transformations and a direct coefficient technique are combined to analyze and structure a parameterized product identity involving three Gauss hypergeometric functions. A convolution presentation of this identity is a generalization of the Bateman and Kapteyn integrals for Bessel functions as well as of the addition theorem for the confluent hypergeometric functions. These results and integral properties of weighted convolutions lead to multiparameter weighted norm inequalities for generalized hypergeometric functions and special functions of hypergeometric type, in particular, for Bessel and Whittaker functions, and Laguerre and Hermite polynomials.
INSERTION OF RABBIT GLOBIN SEQUENCES INTO E. COL I PLASMIDS

ABSTRACT Complementary DNA transcribed in vitro from purified rabbit globin messenger RNA and made double-stranded has been inserted into E. coli plasmid pSC 101 by the poly-dT/poly-dA “tailing” and annealing technique. E. coli transformants given by this DNA preparation have been shown to contain globin sequences by the hybridization of globin RNA to DNA from clones grown and lysed in situ on nitrocellulose filters. Some measure of the amount and identity of inserted globin sequences has been determined by fingerprinting fragments of 32p-labeled globin RNA hybridized to the purified plasmid chimeras.
Being What you Eat: the Impact of Workplace Cafeteria Food on Employee Attitudes

Although providing employees with food options onsite is an increasingly common practice in contemporary workplaces, there is a relative lack of research that focuses on the psychological impact this food, and particularly the nutritiousness of this food, has on employees. In two complementary studies, we consider onsite cafeteria food nutrition in the context of social exchange theory and hypothesize that nutritious food acts as a signal of organizational support, which in turn predicts positive employee attitudes. In Study 1, participants randomly assigned to a hypothetical work situation in which relatively healthy food was provided in the onsite cafeteria reported higher perceived organizational support and, in turn, higher satisfaction and lower turnover intentions. In Study 2, we replicate this pattern in a sample of employees who reported on the nutritiousness of the food in their own workplace cafeterias. Furthermore, Study 2 included a measure of food nutrient characteristics, to complement mere perceptions of food healthiness. Together, these studies provide initial evidence that improved organizational cafeteria nutrition can be related to improved psychological attitudes among employees.
ASSIST: Evaluating the usability and performance of an indoor navigation assistant for blind and visually impaired people.

This paper describes the interface and testing of an indoor navigation app - ASSIST - that guides blind & visually impaired (BVI) individuals through an indoor environment with high accuracy while augmenting their understanding of the surrounding environment. ASSIST features personalized interfaces by considering the unique experiences that BVI individuals have in indoor wayfinding and offers multiple levels of multimodal feedback. After an overview of the technical approach and implementation of the first prototype of the ASSIST system, the results of two pilot studies performed with BVI individuals are presented – a performance study to collect data on mobility (walking speed, collisions, and navigation errors) while using the app, and a usability study to collect user evaluation data on the perceived helpfulness, safety, ease-of-use, and overall experience while using the app. Our studies show that ASSIST is useful in providing users with navigational guidance, improving their efficiency and (more significantly) their safety and accuracy in wayfinding indoors. Findings and user feed-back from the studies confirm some of the previous results, while also providing some new insights into the creation of such an app, including the use of customized user interfaces and expanding the types of information provided.
Small Scale Structure at High Redshift: II. Physical Properties of the CIV Absorbing Clouds

Keck HIRES spectra were obtained of the separate images of three gravitationally lensed QSOs (UM 673, Q1104-1804, and Q1422+2309). We studied the velocity and column density differences in CIV doublets in each QSO. Unlike the low ionization gas clouds typical of the interstellar gas in the Galaxy or damped Ly alpha galaxies, the spatial density distribution of CIV absorbing gas clouds turns out to be mostly featureless on scales up to a few hundred parsecs, with column density differences rising to 50 percent or more over separations beyond a few kpc. Similarly, velocity shear becomes detectable only over distances larger than a few hundred pc, rising to 70 km/s at a few kpc. The energy transmitted to the gas is substantially less than in present day star-forming regions, and the gas is less turbulent on a given spatial scale than, e.g., local HII regions. The quiescence of CIV clouds, taken with their probable low density, imply that these objects are not internal to galaxies. The CIV absorbers could be gas expelled recently to large radii and raining back onto its parent galaxy, or pre-enriched gas from an earlier (population III) episode of star formation, falling into the nearest mass concentration. However, while the metals in the gas may have been formed at higher redshifts, the residual turbulence in the clouds and the minimum coherence length measured here imply that the gas was stirred more recently, possibly by star formation events recurring on a timescale on the order of 10-100 Million years (abstract abbreviated).
How does mixed-use urbanization affect noise? Empirical research on transit-oriented developments (TODs)

Abstract Over the last decades, Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) have stimulated various debates in several contexts including environmental and transportation planning. Scholars have explored the TODs’ broad spatial and socioeconomic characteristics; however, very few studies (if at all) have conducted their attributes including mixedland use in regards to noise, particularly when they require such examination. This paper aims to explain and explore TODs’ implications associated with noise by comparing them with non-TODs in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex area. The data include sound pressure levels (SPLs) and various built environment features through TOD stations and surrounding areas compared with non-TOD stations by performing the grid sampling method. Using a unique two-level hierarchical linear model (HLM), the study examines the impacts of TODs on noise both at micro and macro levels. The findings show that with their features TODs generate higher sound levels with almost 9.0 dB(A) difference. The study provides insights into the relationship between noise, land use, and transportation by discussing their practice and policy implications.
The electronic structure studies of hybrid h-BNC sheets based on a semi-empirical Hamiltonian

Abstract The quest for modulating the wide bandgap of a pristine h-BN sheet for device-related applications has prompted the present study of ternary 2-dimensional sheets, h-BNC, that contain carbon domains of different shapes and sizes embedded in the h-BN network. The structural stability and electronic properties of hybrid h-BNC sheets containing rectangular-, circular-, hexagonal-, and triangular-shaped carbon domains are investigated using a real-space electronic structure method, where an environment-dependent semi-empirical Hamiltonian is used within a framework of a linear combination of atomic orbitals and self-consistent charge calculations. This method allows a study of larger carbon domains embedded in the h-BN matrix beyond what is possible via first-principles calculations, and thus serves to complement previous theoretical studies on hybrid h-BNC systems. The electronic density of states reveals mid-gap states for all h-BNC sheets, suggesting a narrowing of the energy gap compared to the pristine h-BN sheet. They arise from the breaking of the hexagonal symmetry due to bond distortions at the interface between the carbon domain and the h-BN network. The features of such mid-gap states strongly depend on the size and shape of carbon domains and the type of bonding (C-N, C-B, or a mixture of both) at the interface. The hybrid h-BNC sheet containing rectangular carbon domains switches from a semiconductor to a gapless semi-metal-like, and to a metal-like system as the size of the carbon domain increases. The energy gap of the h-BNC sheet containing hexagonal carbon domains exhibits a power-law decrease with the size of the carbon domains. On the other hand, the energy gap of the hybrid h-BN sheet containing circular carbon domains oscillates as the size of the carbon domain is increased. For electron-rich hybrid h-BNC sheets containing triangular graphene domains and C-N interfaces, a p-type-like behaviour is obtained. On the other hand, for electron-deficient hybrid h-BNC sheets, containing triangular graphene domains and C-B interfaces, the electronic behaviour switches from a p-type-like semiconductor to a metal-like behaviour as the number of carbon atoms increase. The top of the valence band was found to be half-filled for all triangular domains. The results obtained here may pave the way for novel device concepts based on h-BNC sheets.
Self-clearable bilayer electrode for dielectric elastomer actuators

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), with the advantages of high energy density, large actuation strain and light weight, have been explored for numerous assistive related applications, including refreshable tactile displays, tunable optics, and bio-mimic robotics. However, their steps to practical applications are limited by the poor reliability and durability, especially under large actuation strain. Here we report a self-clearable compliant electrode comprising an ultra-thin singlewalled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrode with an overcoated thin polymer layer. This bilayer electrode can provide the acrylic-based DEAs with a long lifetime stably under both cyclic and continuous actuation at 150% actuation strain in area.
Anomalous amide proton chemical shifts as signatures of hydrogen bonding to aromatic sidechains

Abstract. Hydrogen bonding between an amide group and the p- π cloud of an aromatic ring was first identified in a protein in the 1980s. Subsequent surveys of high-resolution X-ray crystal structures found multiple instances, but their preponderance was determined to be infrequent. Hydrogen atoms participating in a hydrogen bond to the p- π cloud of an aromatic ring are expected to experience an upfield chemical shift arising from a shielding ring current shift. We surveyed the Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank for amide hydrogens exhibiting unusual shifts as well as corroborating nuclear Overhauser effects between the amide protons and ring protons. We found evidence that Trp residues are more likely to be involved in p- π hydrogen bonds than other aromatic amino acids, whereas His residues are more likely to be involved in in-plane hydrogen bonds, with a ring nitrogen acting as the hydrogen acceptor. The p- π hydrogen bonds may be more abundant than previously believed. The inclusion in NMR structure refinement protocols of shift effects in amide protons from aromatic sidechains, or explicit hydrogen bond restraints between amides and aromatic rings, could improve the local accuracy of sidechain orientations in solution NMR protein structures, but their impact on global accuracy is likely be limited.