cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wind Rights under Property Law: Answers Still Blowing in the Wind

The rising economic value of wind resources in recent years has introduced some perplexing new property law questions. For example, what exactly are “wind rights”, and are they legally cognizable real property interests? Should landowners be liable if wind turbines on their parcels disrupt the energy productivity of wind flowing onto downwind property? Can landowners legally sever a “wind estate” from their land and transfer it separately from the surface rights, like a mineral estate? And should a wind energy restriction that effectively appropriates private airspace for a specific government entity’s own use trigger a compensable regulatory taking?Although a handful of state legislatures have recently enacted laws seeking to clarify the nature and scope of wind rights, significant uncertainty surrounding these rights remains. Such uncertainty can deter investment in wind farms and impede wind energy development. In an era of shrinking state budgets and dwindling government subsidies for alternative energy, laws that provide greater certainty regarding wind rights are a low-cost way for states to promote wind energy development within their jurisdictions. This short magazine article examines a handful of unresolved property law issues involving wind energy and briefly describes some potential policy strategies for addressing these issues.
Multi-Shot Approach to Multiuser Separation and Interference Suppression in Asynchronous CDMA

In this work, we present a new, computationally simple scheme (termed multi-shot approach) to separate and detect multiuser signals in an asynchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications system. By exploring the structure inherent in the matrix decomposition of properly arranged data, obtained from multi-shot matched filtering, we propose a near-far resistant multiuser detector. The proposed multiuser detector combines the multiple snapshots of matched filter outputs through a matrix filtering and de-biasing processing, revealed from the structure inherent in properly arranged data, prior to the final stage of decision making. Simulation results demonstrate the superior performance of the newly proposed computationally efficient detection scheme in comparison with other existing methods of comparable complexity.
Laser Photomedicine — An Overview: Past, Present, and Future

The Directors of this NATO-A.S.I. on “Laser system for photobiology and photomedicine” have asked us to provide some opening remarks, as we are the only two foreign faculty members of the previous Laser Photomedicine course held in Erice in 1983. It does not seem to us that seven years have passed since that last summer school, but there have been many new developments in laser applications in medicine and surgery. Nevertheless, most fundamental concepts remain unchanged and the basic lectures on lasers, tissue interactions and applications remain current. For this reason, many of the students (readers of the proceedings) may be interested in reviewing the proceedings (edited by S. Martellucci and A. N. Chester) of the previous school. In he previous school, emphasis was placed firstly upon tissue interactions, then studies at the cellular level, the photochemotherapy, photobiology, surgery, safety and diagnostics.
The Etiology of Failure to Thrive: An Interactional Developmental Approach

The goal of this paper is to present an interactional developmental framework for understanding the psychological issues underlying non-organic FTT in the first two years of life. The central theses are that growth failure is rooted in a transactional impasse between the infant and the caregiver, that the specifics of this impasse vary at different developmental stages, and that the etiology of FTT may be best understood in the context of the developmental issues negotiated between infant and caregiver during each stage. In this framework, growth failure is interpreted as the most concrete (and hence most noticeable) manifestation of impaired infant functioning in a variety of areas, particularly in socioemotional development. This formulation has important implications for treatment. For example, if therapeutic attention is focused exclusively on nutritional issues at the expense of broader interaction between infant and caregiver, the distortions in socioemotional development may persist in the form of ongoing psychological vulnerabilities and maladaptive patterns of adjustment.
Anti-obesity media content and its impact on people's intention to eat healthy and exercise: A test of the protection motivation theory

This study employed protection motivation theory (PMT) to investigate the link between anti-obesity media content, people’s threat and coping appraisals, and their intentions to exercise and diet. It sought to determine whether exposure and attention to anti-obesity media content increases people’s perceived levels of severity, vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy and whether these cognitive processes, in turn, affected their intention to abide by the recommended practices to offset the threat. To gather data, an online questionnaire was sent to 16,000 students and posted on Facebook to draw nonstudent respondents. The results indicate that attention to mediated obesity and related information significantly increases people’s intention to exercise as well as their overall coping appraisals (the perceived effectiveness of the recommended behaviors and their ability to perform them). Likewise, increased threat and coping appraisals were both found to significantly influence people’s intention to exercise and diet. Coping (rather than threat) appraisals more strongly predicted behavioral intent. Demographic characteristics had no significant effect on behavioral intentions. Body weight, however, was found to negatively affect intention to exercise and diet. The findings support the power of PMT constructs to predict behavioral intent, in conjunction with attention paid to mediated information. For communication professionals, the results suggest a sharper focus on presentation techniques that are able to hold audience attention longer. Medical practitioners are urged to go beyond warning patients of the probability of occurrence and the consequences of obesity and to stress information that heighten people’s self-efficacy and their assessments of the effectiveness of solutions.
Development of KIINCE: A kinetic feedback-based robotic environment for study of neuromuscular coordination and rehabilitation of human standing and walking.

IntroductionThe objective of this article is to introduce the robotic platform KIINCE and its emphasis on the potential of kinetic objectives for studying and training human walking and standing. T...
Achieving big data privacy in education

Education, Big Data, and student privacy are a combustible mix. The improvement of education and the protection of student privacy are key societal values. Big Data and Learning Analytics offer the...
Mole Messenger: Pushable Interfaces for Connecting Family at a Distance

Mole Messenger is a pair of connected creatures that help children share and send messages to their loved ones who may be far away. Each Mole Messenger box houses a pushable mole. When one is pushed, the other pops up, as if traversing to the other side of the globe. The mole can be tapped to carry different color messages when pushed and can be used to play physically engaged games across distances. This paper describes the design and implementation of the system, explores various approaches within the design space, engages with the context and user experience, and meditates on the potential for positive psychological impact. Inspired by one family's story of separation and how they helped their children stay connected, we hope Mole Messenger can become an important tool for communication and healthy emotional development in children.
Universities’ experience with mumps outbreak response and use of a third dose of MMR vaccine

During January 2016–June 2017, 75 mumps outbreaks occurred in US universities, despite high vaccine coverage among students. We evaluated universities’ experiences with mumps outbreaks to inform po...
Headache in epilepsy: A prospective observational study.

Objective To assess the frequency and characteristics of interictal and postictal headaches (using International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria) in a population of patients with epilepsy admitted to the Mayo Clinic Rochester epilepsy monitoring unit and assess their localizing value. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were voluntarily recruited upon admission to the epilepsy monitoring unit. Two separate questionnaires were then administered. The first was to assess the presence and character of headaches experienced in the past 12 months. The second was to assess characteristics of postictal headaches experienced during their admission including localization. Results One-hundred and twenty subjects (77%) met inclusion criteria and completed the initial questionnaire. Mean age was 38.1 years (range 18-82), and 67 (55.8%) were female. Interictal headaches were reported in 97 of 120 (81%) subjects, and these met ICHD3 criteria for migraine in 48 (50%). Postictal headaches were reported by 75 of 120 (63%) subjects on the initial admission questionnaire, representing migraine in 38 (51%). Thirty-nine (32%) subjects completed the secondary questionnaire related to postictal headaches experienced during admission, of which nine (23%) met criteria for migraine. There was no seizure lateralizing or localizing value noted based on postictal headache localization. Significance Migraine was frequent in this cohort and appears to be the dominant interictal and postictal headache type in patients with epilepsy. In this study, the first to assess incident postictal headache in the setting of an ictal EEG, headache localization was of no seizure localizing value. Few patients were being actively treated; suggesting headache management is often overlooked in the epilepsy population.
Myeloid Sarcoma With CBFB-MYH11 Fusion (inv(16) or t(16;16)) Prevails in the Abdomen.

Objectives Myeloid sarcoma with CBFB-MYH11 fusion may be enriched in abdominal sites. The clinicopathologic features of 11 cases are reported. Methods We collected clinical features, morphology, immunophenotype, and bone marrow (BM) involvement of myeloid sarcoma cases with CBFB-MYH11 fusion. Results Eleven of 29 total myeloid sarcoma cases were CBFB-MYH11 positive and all 11 involved abdominal sites. The blastic infiltrate was associated with eosinophils in four of 11 cases and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) nodules in four of six cases. CD34, CD117, and myeloperoxidase were expressed in eight of nine, 10 of 10, and 10 of 10 cases, respectively. Ten of 10 cases showed no BM involvement. Conclusions Our current series, combined with a literature review, identifies a compelling series of 31 (94%) of 33 cases of myeloid sarcoma with CBFB-MYH11 fusion showing a marked predilection for abdominal sites. In addition, the lack of obvious associated eosinophils, presence of pDC nodules, and lack of concurrent BM involvement suggest that "myeloid sarcoma with CBFB-MYH11 fusion" may represent a unique phenomenon.
Conscience, conscientious objections, and medicine

To inform the ongoing discussion of whether claims of conscientious objection allow medical professionals to refuse to perform tasks that would otherwise be their duty, this paper begins with a review of the philosophical literature that describes conscience as either a moral sense or the dictate of reason. Even though authors have starkly different views on what conscience is, advocates of both approaches agree that conscience should be obeyed and that keeping promises is a conscience-given moral imperative. The paper then considers exemplars of conscientious objection—Henry David Thoreau, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King Jr.—to identify the critical feature of conscientious objection as willingness to bear the burdens of one’s convictions. It concludes by showing that medical professionals who put their own interests before their patients’ welfare violate their previous commitments and misappropriate the title “conscientious objector” because they are unwilling to bear the burdens of their choices and instead impose burdens on their patients and colleagues.
The effect of alcohol on facial Trauma outcomes: an analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank

Abstract Maxillofacial trauma costs emergency departments approximately one billion dollars annually. Facial trauma has increased since 2000 and has been attributed to both increased use of computed tomography and interpersonal violence. Alcohol, male sex, and age 18–35 years are significant risk factors for interpersonal violence. This study is novel in using a large database to look at the effect of alcohol on clinical outcomes in facial trauma. A data analysis was performed in Stata/MP 14.2 using variables coded from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB); logistic regression was applied. A total 580,313 patient records were analyzed. Operations for facial fractures were performed in 20.19% of cases (n = 117,139). A positive alcohol test reduced the odds of requiring operative fixation in both the unadjusted (odds ratio (OR) 0.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.82, P
Theory of ignition and burn propagation in inertial fusion implosions

A detailed analytic model is presented here to investigate the physics of burn propagation in inertially confined plasmas. The onset of ignition and burn propagation occurs when alpha heating of the hot spot causes rapid ablation of shell mass into the hot spot. This allows large energy gains to be achieved since most of the fuel mass is located in the shell. Here, we first present a comprehensive review of previous analytic models that have been used to describe the physics of hot-spot evolution and ignition; we then show that a proper description of a propagating burn wave requires a comprehensive model of hot spot and shell evolution that includes proper mass conservation in the shell, fusion reactivity, and fuel depletion. The analytic theory is in good agreement with detailed radiation-hydrodynamic simulations that predict the onset of burn propagation as occurring when the yield enhancement caused by alpha heating is between 15- and 25-fold, fα ∼ 1.4, where fα = alpha energy deposited/hot-spot energy at bang time, and the hot-spot burnup fraction is approximately 2%. We show that the definition of ignition is not sensitive to the alpha-particle stopping power nor asymmetries provided that the absorbed fraction of alpha particles θα is correctly accounted for. Finally, we use the results of 2-D simulations to show that even when θα is small and unknown (as is true in hot spots with mid modes that have significant leakage of alpha particles into the surrounding cold bubbles), one can still relate the experimentally measureable parameter χ α 53 to the yield amplification and the burning-plasma parameter Q α hs = alpha energy deposited/total input work delivered to the hot spot.
Scalable and Practical Teaching Practices Faculty Can Deploy to Increase Retention: A Faculty Cookbook for Increasing Student Success

Abstract Student retention in college is often expected to be handled by advisers, staff, and administrators. The university classroom—specifically, the pedagogies and practices that are utilized there—is a largely untapped resource in our quest to increase student success and retention. Instructional faculty are the only members of an academic institution that students are required to interact with regularly. For most courses offered in higher education, the contact time between faculty and students is typically three hours per week; faculty can have a significant impact on student outcomes in that time. This paper reviews and discusses scalable and practical teaching practices that span the domains of growth mindset, self-efficacy, metacognition, and belongingness. These teaching practices helped increase student retention by more than 30% in an entry-level core engineering course at our institution. The techniques described in this work can be deployed either simultaneously or in discrete sets to help students remain engaged in the educational process and successfully graduate. Because teaching is a universal practice, the teaching practices can be deployed in nearly every discipline and at every academic level. Most of the practices are independent of which instructional modes are being used, e.g., active learning vs lecturing, large vs small classes, or online vs in-person delivery. The specific implementation and effectiveness of the teaching practices may differ in each of those contexts, particularly with academic age of students, but improvements in student success and retention can be expected if the framework described here is used. We strongly recommend that a reflective process be deployed throughout implementation of the different teaching practices. This will allow for personal and professional growth in the instructor as they deploy the techniques while also improving the efficacy of the techniques themselves over time as they are refined for the local teaching environment.
A Survey on Intersection Management of Connected Autonomous Vehicles

Intersection management of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) has the potential to improve safety and mobility. CAVs approaching an intersection can exchange information with the infrastructure or each other to schedule their cross times. By avoiding unnecessary stops, scheduling CAVs can increase traffic throughput, reduce energy consumption, and most importantly, minimize the number of accidents that happen in intersection areas due to human errors. We study existing intersection management approaches from following key perspectives: (1) intersection management interface, (2) scheduling policy, (3) existing wireless technologies, (4) existing vehicle models used by researchers and their impact, (5) conflict detection, (6) extension to multi-intersection management, (7) challenges of supporting human-driven vehicles, (8) safety and robustness required for real-life deployment, (9) graceful degradation and recovery for emergency scenarios, (10) security concerns and attack models, and (11) evaluation methods. We then discuss the effectiveness and limitations of each approach with respect to the aforementioned aspects and conclude with a discussion on tradeoffs and further research directions.
Structure-dependent strength and toughness in dodecahedral silica nanocage

Nanocages are structurally complex hollow low-dimensional materials that offer unique properties and functions that are inaccessible in bulk materials. They have tremendous potential in revolutionizing a number of fields including drug delivery and nanotechnology, but their applications remain limited primarily due to inadequate understanding of their extreme mechanical properties. Here, using reactive force field-based classical molecular dynamics simulations, we explore the bulk modulus, strength, and toughness modulus for a number of dodecahedral silica nanocages. The results show that, both under hydrostatic tension and compression, the mechanical properties vary nonlinearly with the structural parameters. Also, unlike bulk silica—which shows softening under tension in the nonlinear regime of mechanical deformation—silica nanocage exhibits stiffening at higher deformation that originates from the structural resistance of the nanocage. We show that the surface-area to volume ratio accurately describes the softening and stiffening behavior of the cage. Likewise, under compression, the nanocage shows three distinctive regimes: (i) linear decrease in stress with increasing strain, (ii) constant stress states with increasing strain representing shrinkage of the empty space, and (iii) exponential decrease in stress with increasing strain dominated by strong repulsion. These findings highlight the possibility of attaining a diverse set of mechanical properties from a nanocage by tailoring its structural parameters.
A systematic literature review of technical debt prioritization

Repaying all technical debt (TD) present in a system may be unfeasible, as there is typically a shortage in the resources allocated for TD repayment. Therefore, TD prioritization is essential to best allocate such resources to determine which TD items are to be repaid first and which items are to be delayed until later releases. This study conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify and analyze the currently researched TD prioritization approaches. The employed search strategy strove to achieve high completeness through the identification of a quasi-gold standard set, which was used to establish a search string to automatically retrieve papers from select research databases. The application of selection criteria, along with forward and backward snowballing, identified 24 TD prioritization approaches. The analysis of the identified approaches revealed a scarcity of approaches that account for cost, value, and resources constraint and a lack of industry evaluation. Furthermore, this SLR unveils potential gaps in the current TD prioritization research, which future research may explore.
Mitigating Patient-to-Patient Variation in EEG Seizure Detection using Meta Transfer Learning

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals can be used for seizure detection, but the seizure patterns found in between patient’s EEGs can have significant variations. Specifically, focal spikes in patient-specific channels as well as other patient specific patterns can strongly indicate seizure activity. Manual diagnosis on these markers leads to inconsistent interrater agreement and poor detection accuracy. Previous automation attempts have ignored patient specific approaches but fail to generalize to previously unseen patients. To reduce subjectivity in manual diagnosis, we propose an automatic seizure detection pipeline that includes quality control, preprocessing, and meta transfer learning for both feature extraction and classification. To mitigate the inter-patient seizure pattern variation, we adapt Meta UPdate Strategy (MUPS) for four-class classification on the world’s largest public seizure dataset of EEGs, Temple University Seizure Corpus (TUSZ). Different from existing works on binary seizure detection, we use the non-seizure samples and the top three most frequent seizure types for seizure detection. Our experiments show that the meta transfer learning approach achieves macro-F1 of 0.5103 and AUC of 0.6792, which outperforms the baseline learners (shallow and deep) by mitigating patient-to patient variations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of meta transfer learning in feature extraction and classification for multi-class seizure detection.
Rules of origin and trade preference utilization among least developed countries

This article assesses how the utilization of trade agreements responds to rules of origin revisions that allow for more foreign content in exported products. Using the revision of the rules of origin for apparel products under the European Union's generalized system of preferences as a case study, and a triple‐difference empirical framework, the results indicate that rules of origin act as a significant bottleneck to least developed countries' (LDCs) use of trade preferences. However, heterogeneity in the response of utilization rates across products and LDCs suggests rules of origin revisions may not be a panacea.
Die Gleichung von Bayes und das Problem des logischen Schließens

Im vorangehenden Kapitel befasten wir uns mit mathematischen Verfahren zur Klarung dessen, was eine spezielle Wahrscheinlichkeitszuordnung bedeuten soll. In Kapitel 2 handelte es sich um Probleme, bei denen angenommen wurde, das unsere Kenntnis bereits in einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung verkodet worden ist. Die Aufgabe bestand dann in der Ausarbeitung der Bedeutung dieser Kenntnis. In diesem Kapitel wollen wir den Fall betrachten, das wir von einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung ausgehen und dann weitere Kenntnisse erhalten, die uns veranlassen, die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung zu andern. Als mathematisches Hilfsmittel zur Verbesserung von Wahrscheinlichkeiten dient hauptsachlich die Gleichung von Bayes, benannt nach Thomas Bayes, der in einer kurz nach seinem Tode 1761 veroffentlichten Arbeit zum erstenmal darauf aufmerksam gemacht hat.
Continuum Features in Quasars

processes that produce this highly luminous continuum is one of the major problems, perhaps even the central problem, of quasar research. Energetics arguments as well as observed rapid variability tell us that the continuum originates closer to the central object than any other component of the emission. In principle then the continuum can give us information about the region of greatest interest in a quasar. Unfortunately, as its name implies, the continuum has very few features that we can measure and so provides us with few
A Method for Improved International and Intertemporal Comparisions of U.S. Multinational Companies' Overseas Gross Product in Manufacturing

Interest in the effects of globalized production on national economies has been heightened in recent years by the rapid growth in direct investment. Research in this area is, however, often limited by the scarcity of relevant data. Even when relevant data exist, comparison of the data across countries and across time is subject to serious measurement error related to different price and exchange-rate conditions. This paper, by Raymond J. Mataloni Jr., presents a method developed by the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis for removing the valuation effects on measures of the foreign production (or gross product) of US multinational companies. The method adjusts the conventional current-dollar market-exchange-rate-based measure, using host-country deflators and purchasing-power-parity exchange rates. Key words: Multinational companies, gross product, purchasing-power-parity exchange rates, globalization, international comparisons
Estimation-based model predictive control of blood glucose in type I diabetics: a simulation study

A constrained state space model predictive controller, designed based on a 3-state model of the human glucose-insulin interaction, was implemented on a 19-state simulation model of a Type I Diabetic patient. The controller maintained the blood sugar level of the patient plant between the values of 60 and 130 mg/dl, when subjected to a meal disturbance of 50 g, significantly lowering the risk of hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia.
Tracking controller for linear time delay systems

Linear control systems with time delays are investigated. The problem is to find a control which will track a given reference input with zero steady-state error. The reference inputs are assumed to be polynomial functions of the time. For the sake of simplicity, only one time delay and step or ramp reference functions are examined. Extension to higher order polynomials and multiple delays is straightforward. >
Resolution of overlapping echoes of unknown shape

An algorithm for detecting and estimating the parameters of an unknown number of closely spaced, superimposed noisy echoes of a signal of unknown and arbitrary shape is derived. The algorithm exploits an approximate invariance structure in the frequency domain that allows the ESPRIT algorithm to be used for parameter estimation. An extension of the algorithm is applicable to the resolution of superimposed pulses of unknown and possibly different shapes. Computer simulation results for the algorithm are compared with the corresponding Cramer-Rao performance bounds. >
Regulatory T cell development in the absence of functional Foxp3

Although the development of regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) in the thymus is defined by expression of the lineage marker Foxp3, the precise function of Foxp3 in T(reg) cell lineage commitment is unknown. Here we examined T(reg) cell development and function in mice with a Foxp3 allele that directs expression of a nonfunctional fusion protein of Foxp3 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (Foxp3DeltaEGFP). Thymocyte development in Foxp3DeltaEGFP male mice and Foxp3DeltaEGFP/+ female mice recapitulated that of wild-type mice. Although mature EGFP(+) CD4(+) T cells from Foxp3DeltaEGFP mice lacked suppressor function, they maintained the characteristic T(reg) cell 'genetic signature' and failed to develop from EGFP(-) CD4(+) T cells when transferred into lymphopenic hosts, indicative of their common ontogeny with T(reg) cells. Our results indicate that T(reg) cell effector function but not lineage commitment requires the expression of functional Foxp3 protein.
The role of hydrostatic pressure in the conductivity vs temperature of κ -(BEDT-TTF)2CuN(CN)2Br

Abstract The application of hydrostatic pressure to k -(BEDT-TTF) 2 CuN(CN) 2 Br causes the resistance vs temperature to change, in a systematic way, from an R(T) , with a maximum, to an R(T) which increases monotonically as occurs with a metal [Sushko Yu.V., Bondarenko V.A., Petrosov R.A., Kushch N.D. and Yagubskii E. B., J. Phys. I France 1 , 1375 (1991)]. This systematic variation can be interpreted in terms of two models: (1) a phenomenological one in which the density of states is zero between the Fermi energy and the energy at the bottom of the valence band and is constant otherwise; and (2) the small polaron model of Holstein [Holstein T., Ann. Phys. 8 , 325, 342 (1959)]. The results show that the primary feature associated with the systematic variation is the chemical potential of the electron involved in chemical equilibria among mixed valent cations and anions: C c + A a − = C ( c −1)+ A ( a −1)− .
NAD kinase from Bacillus licheniformis: inhibition by NADP and other properties

NAD kinase was purified 180-fold from Bacillus licheniformis to determine the role it plays in NADP turnover in this organism. The enzyme was found to have a pH optimum of 6.8 and an apparent Km for NAD of 2.7 mM. The ATP saturation curve was not hyperbolic; 5.5 mM ATP was required to reach half maximal activity. Both Mn2+ and Ca2+ could be substituted for Mg2+. Several compounds including nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, nicotinamide mononucleotide, quinolinic acid, NADPH, ADP, AMP and cyclic AMP did not affect NAD kinase activity. In contrast, the enzyme was inhibited by NADP at concentrations typically found in logarithmic cells of B. licheniformis. This inhibition was competitive with NAD and had a Ki of 0.13 mM. It is suggested that in vivo NAD kinase activity is highly dependent on the concentrations of NAD and ATP and the proportion of oxidized and reduced NADP.
Retrograde endopyelotomy in association with active distal ureteral dilation: a contraindication for the use of the 7F ureteral "tail" stent.

Abstract Since its introduction in 1997, the 7F “Tail” stent has been used after a variety of endourologic procedures. We describe 2 patients who underwent retrograde endopyelotomy with distal ureteral dilation; in both patients, after placement of a 7F “Tail” stent, a clinically significant urinoma developed. We believe that in the setting of extensive distal ureteral manipulation or distal active ureteral dilation to greater than 10F, placement of a “Tail” stent is contraindicated.
The pharmaceutical industry and European community integration

Abstract This paper investigates the changing business environment of the pharmaceutical industry as a result of regional integration. Peggy Chaudhry, Peter Dacin and J. Paul Peter develop specific research propositions on such issues as regulated prices, Pan-European selling tactics, gray markets, and strategic alliances and test these propositions by means of a content analysis of interviews conducted with pharmaceutical managers. In general, the perceptions of the pharmaceutical managers supported the propositions developed for this exploratory research.
Approssimazione di fluidi con memoria evanescente in moti ritardati

In this description of asymptotic results in the theory of constitutive relations for incompressible simple fluids with gradually fading memory, the emphasis is laid on the relation between approximations of the Boltzmann-Volterra type, which hold for arbitrarily rapid motions, provided the strain is kept small, and approximations of the Navier-Stokes type, which hold in the limit of slow motions, even if the strain increases in time.
Centers for Oceans and Human Health: contributions to an emerging discipline

© 2008 Author et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Environmental Health 7 (2008): S1, doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S1.
Two-Component Coarse-Grain Model for Erythrocyte Membrane

Biological membranes are vital components of living cells as they function to maintain the structural integrity of the cells. Red blood cell (RBC) membrane comprises the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton network. The lipid bilayer consists of phospholipids, integral membrane proteins, peripheral proteins and cholesterol. It behaves as a 2D fluid. The cytoskeleton is a network of spectrin tetramers linked at the actin junctions. It is connected to the lipid bilayer primarily via Band-3 and ankyrin proteins. In this paper, we introduce a coarse-grained model with high computational efficiency for simulating a variety of dynamic and topological problems involving erythrocyte membranes. Coarse-grained agents are used to represent a cluster of lipid molecules and proteins with a diameter on the order of lipid bilayer thickness and carry both translational and rotational freedom. The membrane cytoskeleton is modeled as a canonical exagonal network of entropic springs that behave as Worm-Like-Chains (WLC). By simultaneously invoking these characteristics, the proposed model facilitates simulations that span large length-scales (∼ μm) and time-scales (∼ ms). The behavior of the model under shearing at different rates is studied. At low strain rates, the resulted shear stress is mainly due to the spectrin network and it shows the characteristic non-linear behavior of entropic networks, while the viscosity of the fluid-like lipid bilayer contributes to the resulting shear stress at higher strain rates. The apparent ease of this model in combining the spectrin network with the lipid bilayer presents a major advantage over conventional continuum methods such as finite element or finite difference methods for cell membranes.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Formal network studies and the anthropological perspective

Anthropological social network studies are primarily of interest for an original formulation of the classic sociological problem of reconciling structural and action aspects of social organization. In general, however, these studies have produced disappointing substantive results owing to serious methodological and theoretical difficulties. Within the anthropological tradition are two types of research, viz., structural kinship studies and cognitive anthropological decision models, which have produced sound substantive results and which, if generalized and properly combined, could provide the methodological and theoretical tools which eluded the network scholars.
Comparative analysis of the methylation status of the 5′ flanking region of Ha-ras in B6C3F1, C3H/He and C57BL/6 mouse liver

Abstract We examined the methylation status of the 5′ flanking region of Ha-ras in the liver of the liver tumor-prone B6C3F1 ♂ (C57BL/6 ♀ × C3H/He ♂) and C3H/He ♂, plus the relatively resistant C57BL/6 ♂ mouse strains. Southern analysis revealed the presence of CCGG sites methylated at the internal cytosine, as well as unmethylated CCGG sites in all three strains. Digestion with StyI and XhoI revealed an unmethylated XhoI site in the C57BL/6 ♂. This pattern is not obvious in the B6C3F1 or V3C3H/He, indicating sequence variation and/or less methylation of Ha-ras in those strains of mice that exhibit a high propensity towards development of liver tumors.
The social zeitgeber theory, circadian rhythms, and mood disorders: review and evaluation.

The social zeitgeber theory [Ehlers, C. L., Frank, E., & Kupfer, D. J. (1988). Social zeitgebers and biological rhythms. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 948–952] offers an explanation of how life events trigger depressive episodes. According to this theory, life stress leads to mood episodes by causing disruptions in individuals' social routines and, in turn, their biological circadian rhythms. In this article, we review the literature pertaining to the social zeitgeber theory, as well as evidence that this theory may be applied to (hypo)manic episodes. Given the limited data supporting the social zeitgeber theory to date, we also evaluate whether circadian rhythm disruptions are triggered by an internal mechanism, such as an abnormality in one's pacemaker (the suprachiasmatic nucleus; SCN). We review these two theories in an attempt to understand the potential causes of circadian rhythm disruptions and affective episodes in individuals with unipolar and bipolar disorders. We also propose several areas of future research.
Abstract LB-228: The identification of recurrent non-coding mutations in melanoma.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Cancer genome sequencing efforts have identified many recurrent coding mutations in human cancer genes. To date, non-coding “driver” mutations within regulatory regions have rarely been observed. Here we describe the identification of two somatic mutations within the TERT core promoter that were observed in 71% of melanomas. Each mutation generated a de novo consensus ETS binding motif. Reporter assays showed that these mutations could increase transcriptional activity from the TERT promoter. We observed the same mutations in cancer cell lines from diverse tumor types with preliminary evidence of elevated frequency in bladder and hepatocellular cancer cells. Our findings suggest that somatic mutations in non-coding regulatory regions of the genome may represent important events in carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Franklin W. Huang, Eran Hodis, Mary Jue Xu, Gregory Kryukov, Lynda Chin, Levi A. Garraway. The identification of recurrent non-coding mutations in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-228
Disturbance attenuation by output feedback for linear systems subject to actuator saturation

In this paper, we study the problem of disturbance attenuation by output feedback for linear systems subject to actuator saturation. A nonlinear output feedback, expressed in the form of a quasi-linear parameter-varying system with state-dependent scheduling parameter, is constructed that leads to the attenuation of the effect of the disturbance on the output of the system. The level of disturbance attenuation is measured in terms of the restricted ℒ2 gain and the restricted ℒ2–ℒ∞ gain over a class of bounded disturbances. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wideband parallel finite difference: time-domain calculations for a cylinder

ABSTRACT A technique for ultrawideband waveform signature prediction is demonstrated. A parallel finite difference time domain (FD-TD) technique is presented for the Connection Machine using Fortran 8x. A video tape of the electric fields during pulse propagation through the solution space with target interaction calculated on the CM-2 is presented. 1. INTRODUcTION The finite difference - time domain (FD-TD) method is a numerical technique for direct time integration of the time dependent differential form of Maxwell's (curl) equations. This technique was first proposed by Yee in 1966 [1], it has been further developed and extended in recent years [2,3,4,5]. We have been working on a parallel Connection Machine(CM) solution using this technique for the past several years. The possibility of modelling larger objects faster and cheaper using wideband waveforms has driven this effort to use large numbers of processors in parallel. 2. PROCEDURE The point of departure for the parallel code development was a working Cray/VAX code
Charge iterated parameters for extended Hückel calculations on polytetrafluoroethylene: relevance to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Abstract Tight-binding band calculations of the extended Huckel type were performed on polytetrafluoroethylene in order to probe the effect of the atomic orbital parameters on the bonding in the polymer. Comparison was made with previous extended Huckel and ab initio calculations, as well as with experimental data. It was found that the original parameterization of Hoffmann makes the CF bond too polar and should be corrected, as prescribed by Gray. With these corrections, the Hoffmann formulation for extended Huckel calculations allows a reasonable, albeit approximate, simulation of the X-ray photoelectron spectrum.
Simulation of silicon clusters from “quantum” Langevin molecular dynamics

We present a simulation method to determine from first principles the structure of low symmetry atomic systems. Our method is based on Langevin molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical interactions derived fromab initio pseudopotential calculations. The molecular dynamics time step with this approach can be one to two orders of magnitude larger than in the Car-Parrinello method, compensating for the time required for self-consistency at each step. Moreover, because the simulation is constrained to reside on the Born-Oppenheimer surface, this method can be used for insulating as well as metallic and charged systems. Application will be made to small silicon clusters.
THE ROLE OF THE MATRIX IN AORTIC CALCIFICATION.

Abstract The function of the aorta in aortic calcification in vitro has been investigated. In this system calcification does not depend on metabolic processes in the aorta but on the nucleating activity of elastin fibers. Homogenates of aorta calcify, but fractions isolated by centrifugation from the homogenate do not. However, the 1000 g sediments from aortas incubated in serum for a relatively short time prior to homogenization do calcify. These results suggest that more than one component in the aorta is necessary for mineral induction. Treatment of aortas and nuchal ligaments, a tissue consisting chiefly of elastin, with group-blocking reagents indicates that both sulfhydryl and amino groups are involved in the calcification process. Amino groups appear to participate at a later stage in the process than sulfhydryl groups.
A New Language for Child Psychotherapy: A Response to Jerald Kay

Jerald Kay's article in this issue reviews important research in the areas of adult psychotherapy and neuroscience, and their implications for child psychotherapy. We respond by exploring some of the strengths and limitations of these lines of research and their implications for child psychotherapy development and research. The paper closes with seven proposed ways in which neuroscience will challenge the field to develop new ways of thinking about conceptual, empirical, and clinical work with children.
Formulation and assessment of public administration educational objectives to optimize learning in adults and other “non-traditional” students

Traditional approaches to curriculum design and student evaluation are inadequate to meet the needs of adult and other non-traditional learners, especially in professionally-relevant undergraduate education. The article provides a rationale for the adoption of a competence-based approach to curriculum design and a brief description of such a model that was subsequently piloted and implemented. The authors conclude with the view that, based upon data generated from the piloting of this Theory-Practice Curriculum Model, and the conclusions of professionals, evaluators, and authorities in the field, such a model is ideally suited for meeting the needs of our targeted population.
A new method of robotic motion control near singularities

A new method of controlling robotic manipulators near singularities is introduced. In traditional rate control, a local first-order approximation of the robot kinematics is used, which may fail at a singularity. However, if the approximation is extended to the second-order, it becomes possible to solve for the joint rates. The method presented uses a multidimensional Newton-Raphson technique to solve the resulting set of coupled quadratic equations. The method is presented in conjunction with a description of rate control in the complex domain, which allows for end effector locations outside the manipulator's workspace. Examples are presented for a 6R robot in a singular configuration and for a closed trajectory. >
Is p-hydroxybenzaldehyde a major constituent of epicuticular wax from Sorghum bicolor seedlings?☆

Abstract Free p -hydroxybenzaldehyde was not present in appreciable quantity on the surface or in the interior of week-old Sorghum bicolor shoots that had been heated to inactivate hydrolytic enzymes, nor was p -hydroxybenzaldehyde detected in epicuticular wax of greenhouse-grown sorghum ca 4.5 months old.
Scaling-field approach to the isotropic N-vector model in three dimensions

Abstract Scaling-field equations for the isotropic N -vector model are model are derived from Wilson's exact renormalization-group equation and applied to the calculation of the critical exponents v ( N ) and η( N ) in systems of three spatial dimensions.
Calculation of meson-exchange corrections to triton beta decay using realistic nuclear wave functions

Abstract The one-pion-exchange contribution to the axial-vector matrix element for 3 H → 3 He + e − + g n e is calculated. The model of Cheng, based on CVC and PCAC, is used to determine the corrections to the axial-vector operator, and trinucleon wave functions are calculated by solving the Faddeev equations for the Reid soft-core nucleon-nucleon potential. The S-D transition matrix elements give the dominant contributions in agreement with previous results of Blomqvist and of Riska and Brown.
A model for the actin-myosin bridge in striated muscle

Abstract A computer model shows that it is not necessary to assume a ratchetlike molecular structure in myosin filaments to explain muscular shortening. Calculations based on this model show a maximum efficiency in excess of 0.25. The model predicts an acoustic spectrum which is here compared with that measured experimentally in insect flight muscle.
Masculinity, Bargaining, and Breadwinning Understanding Men’s Housework in the Cultural Context of Paid Work

This research uses data from 18 countries to investigate cross-national differences in the effect that men’s income relative to their spouses has on their involvement in housework. The author hypothesizes that gender expectations will be more salient in men’s household bargaining in contexts where the traditionally masculine and breadwinning-related activities of paid work and earning income are highly valued. Results from analyses of International Social Survey Program (ISSP) data support this hypothesis: Men’s behavior is more consistent with a gender deviance neutralization account than an exchange-bargaining account in cultural contexts where paid work and income are highly valued. The analyses point to the role that expectations about masculinity play in men’s involvement in housework and highlight the significance of cultural context for understanding the link between paid and unpaid work.
Controlled core removal from a D-shaped optical fiber

The partial removal of a section of the core from a continuous D-shaped optical fiber is presented. In the core removal process, selective chemical etching is used with hydrofluoric (HF) acid. A 25% HF acid solution removes the cladding material above the core, and a 5% HF acid solution removes the core. A red laser with a wavelength of 670 nm is transmitted through the optical fiber during the etching. The power transmitted through the optical fiber is correlated to the etch depth by scanning electron microscope imaging. The developed process provides a repeatable method to produce an optical fiber with a specific etch depth.