cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the apparent lack of power in the cosmic microwave background anisotropy at large angular scales

We study the apparent lack of power on large angular scales in the WMAP data. We confirm that although there is no apparent lack of power at large angular scales for the full-sky maps, the lowest multipoles of the WMAP data happen to have the magnitudes and orientations, with respect to the Galactic plane, that are needed to make the large scale power in cut-sky maps surprisingly small. Our analysis shows that most of the large scale power of the observed CMB anisotropy maps comes from two regions around the Galactic plane (~9% of the sky). One of them is a cold spot within ~40 degrees of the Galactic center and the other one is a hot spot in the vicinity of the Gum Nebula. If the current full-sky map is correct, there is no clear deficit of power at large angular scales and the alignment of the l=2 and l=3 multipoles remains the primary intriguing feature in the full-sky maps. If the full-sky map is incorrect and a cut is required, then the apparent lack of power remains mysterious. Future missions such as Planck, with a wider frequency range and greater sensitivity, will permit a better modeling of the Galaxy and will shed further light on this issue.
A shell for cooperative planning

A description is presented of Inspire, a shell for easy development of planning systems that make plans in cooperation with planners. In Inspire, a problem of deciding methods for revising plans is formulated as a problem of deciding constraint propagation paths. Constraints are basically classified into equality constraints and inequality constraints. The former are defined as relations. To satisfy them, a bidirectional update propagation mechanism is provided. It automatically calculates propagation paths and changes variables on the paths. Inequality constraints are defined as rules. To satisfy them, a production system is used. >
Gender Specific Treatment for Chemically Dependent Women

Women in recovery are faced with numerous obstacles to successful treatment engagement. Without access to services that are sensitive to their needs, many fail to achieve long-term sobriety. This article presents a rationale for the inclusion of gender specific vocational services as an integral part of a holistic treatment regime for chemically dependent women. The career psychology of women is discussed along with characteristics of the population that impede vocational adjustment. A final section offers programmatic suggestions for gender specific vocational services with regard to empowerment, improvement of self-esteem, development of effective problem-solving skills and the management of anxiety and anger.
Cellular regulation of fetal hemoglobin synthesis in man. Investigation of gamma and beta mRNA accumulation in clonal erythroid cultures initiated from erythroid progenitors derived from fetuses, neonates, and adult individuals.

The accumulation of globin mRNA in erythroid cells during human development was investigated in clonal cultures of fetal, newborn, and adult origin erythroid progenitors and in control uncultured erythroblasts and reticulocytes. The relative concentrations of α, β, and γ mRNA sequences were measured by hybridization with purified α, β, and γ[3H]cDNA probes. We found that the amount of γ mRNA is characteristic of the developmental stage from which the erythroid progenitor cells are obtained. In colonies from fetal liver cells, 89% of the non-α mRNA is γ mRNA. Colonies derived from neonatal (cord blood) cells produce an average of 55% γ mRNA, while colonies generated from either adult bone marrow or progenitors circulating in the peripheral blood of the adult individual produce γ mRNA ranging from 15 to 38% of the non-α sequences. When compared with erythroid cells (erythroblasts or reticulocytes) from the same tissues, the fetal liver colonies produce identical proportions of γ mRNA as liver cells in vivo. Colonies from circulating erythroid progenitors from the perinatal (switchover) period accumulate somewhat less γ mRNA (55%) than do circulating reticulocytes in vivo (64%). The concentration of γ mRNA (15 to 38%) in colonies of adult marrow or peripheral blood origin is substantially higher than the trace amounts (<1%) found in mature erythroid cells in vivo. The amounts of β and γ globin chain synthesis from fetal liver, cord blood, and adult peripheral blood are proportional to β and γ mRNA (r = 0.97) and thus indicate that selective translation of β and γ mRNA is not a significant factor in the switch from Hb F to Hb A production. (However, both neonatal reticulocytes in vivo and erythroid colonies in vitro contain excess non-α mRNA but exhibit balanced globin chain synthesis; translational control mechanisms apparently prevent excess synthesis of total non-α chains.) The expression of stage-specific patterns of γ and β mRNA in erythroid colonies suggests that the erythroid progenitor cells in vivo possess the potential for unique programs of γ and β mRNA accumulation before they actually enter the pathway to terminal maturation.
An evaluation of sexual functioning in employed outpatients with major depressive disorder treated with desvenlafaxine 50 mg or placebo.

Introduction. The symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) include sexual dysfunction, but antidepressant pharmacotherapies are also associated with treatment-emergent sexual dysfunction. Aim. These secondary and post hoc analyses evaluated sexual functioning in employed adult outpatients with MDD treated with desvenlafaxine (administered as desvenlafaxine succinate) and placebo. Method. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with desvenlafaxine 50 mg/day or placebo. Main Outcome Measures. The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) was administered every 4 weeks. Analysis of covariance was used to compare differences in mean change from baseline ASEX scores between desvenlafaxine and placebo for women and men. Results. There were 422 evaluable patients with baseline ASEX scores (desvenlafaxine, N = 281; placebo, N = 141). Among women (desvenlafaxine, N = 184; placebo, N = 92), baseline scores were 20.0 (5.2) and 20.5 (5.3) for desvenlafaxine and placebo, respectively; mean changes at week 12 were -1.93 (0.37) and -1.03 (0.54), respectively (mean difference: 0.90 (-0.38, 2.18); P = 0.169). Among men (desvenlafaxine, N = 97; placebo, N = 49), baseline scores were 16.4 (4.9) and 15.9 (4.8) for desvenlafaxine and placebo, respectively; mean changes at week 12 were -1.13 (0.47) and -1.06 (0.70), respectively (mean difference: 0.07 (-1.59, 1.74); P = 0.932). Significantly greater orgasmic dysfunction at week 12 was observed in the subgroup of men without baseline sexual dysfunction treated with desvenlafaxine relative to placebo. Conversely, women without baseline sexual dysfunction experienced poorer overall sexual functioning and orgasm satisfaction at week 12 with placebo relative to desvenlafaxine treatment. Subgroup analyses of treatment responders and nonresponders found no difference in the proportion of men or women that developed or had resolution of sexual dysfunction in the desvenlafaxine and placebo groups. Conclusion. With the exception of orgasmic dysfunction in men without preexisting sexual dysfunction, no signifi- cant negative effect on sexual functioning was observed over 12 weeks of treatment with desvenlafaxine. Clayton AH, Reddy S, Focht K, Musgnung J, and Fayyad R. An evaluation of sexual functioning in employed outpatients with major depressive disorder treated with desvenlafaxine 50 mg or placebo. J Sex Med 2013;10:768-776.
Trimethylsilyl-substituted diazoalkanes

Abstract Trimethylsilyldiazomethane was prepared by the action of aqueous KOH on nitroso-N-(trimethylsilylmethyl)urea. The spectroscopic properties of this stable, greenish-yellow liquid which can be isolated by gas chromatography are discussed. Its reaction with acetic acid gives the expected CH3CO2CH2SiMe3 in addition to SiC cleavage products, CH3CO2CH3 and CH3CO2SiMe3. Products of the 1,3-dipolar addition of Me3SiCHN2 to activated olefins were not very stable, and only the adduct with acrylonitrile was isolated as a pure material Trimethylsilyldiazomethane undergoes Me3SiCH transfer to olefins, giving trimethylsilyl-substituted cyclopropanes, in the presence of CuCI in benzene, but other products are formed as well. Thus such a reaction with cyciohexenegave anti-7-trimethylsilylnorcarane (65%), syn-7-trimethylsilylnorcarane (7%), cis- and trans-l,2-bis(trimethylsilyl)ethylene (9% and 13%, respectively), and an unidentified Me3SiCH trimer (2.3%).
EFFECT OF THE NORMAL FORCE DEPENDENCE OF CORNERING STIFFNESS ON THE LATERAL STABILITY OF RECREATIONAL VEHICLES

A study of tire cornering stiffness makes use of Bergman's quadratic expression relating cornering stiffness and normal load by correlating tire test data from four different sources. This quadratic expression, as well as linear and constant approximations of it, are used in lateral stability analyses of a car and of a car/trailer system. It is shown that the change in cornering stiffness with normal load significantly affects critical speed. Parameters other than cornering stiffness also change with changes in normal loads: e.g. roll steer, aligning torque, and camber stiffness. These variations may have to be included in order to obtain valid lateral stability information.
Difference in the Chemical Reactivity of the Disulfide Bonds of Trypsin and Chymotrypsin

Sodium borohydride reduces selectively two disulfide bonds in trypsinogen and trypsin which are nonessential for activity. Chymotrypsinogen and chymotrypsin are not reduced under these conditions. The disulfide which is modified in trypsinogen is located in a homologous position in chymotrypsinogen which suggests that the two proteins differ in conformation in this region.
Kurt Lash's Majoritarian Difficulty: A Response to a Textual-Historical Theory of the Ninth Amendment

Kurt Lash believes that, in addition to individual natural rights, the Ninth Amendment protects collective or majoritarian rights as well. In this essay I explain why his majoritarian vision is contrary to the antimajoritarianism of the man who devised the Ninth Amendment, James Madison, and those who wrote the Constitution. Not coincidentally, it is contrary to the individualism of the other amendments in the Bill of Rights, and to the public meaning of the Ninth Amendment as it was received during its ratification. It is also contrary to the individualist conception of popular sovereignty adopted in the text of the Constitution as interpreted by a four-to-one majority of the Supreme Court in its first major constitutional decision. And it is contrary to the individualist interpretation of the Ninth Amendment by the one source he cites who actually uses the word "collective": St. George Tucker. In sum, the collectivist interpretation of the phrase "others retained by the people" is anachronistic a projection of contemporary majoritarianism onto a text that is and was most naturally read as referring to the natural rights retained by all individuals, and to these rights alone.
It's in the Genes

Time, Love, Memory A Great Biologist and His Quest for the Origins of Behavior. By Jonathan Weiner . Knopf, New York, 1999. 314 pp. $27.50, C$36.95. ISBN 0-679-44435-1. The Pulitzer Prize-wining author of The Beak of the Finch provides an enjoyable yet realistic portrayal of the research of Seymour Benzer and his colleagues into the connections between genes and behavior.
Microprocessor-based frequency measurement

There are many methods of measuring the frequency of a periodic electric signal. In this paper we present a microprocessor based frequency meter for a frequency range from 1 Hz to 100 KHz. Using the "smart display" approach we are able to display different data about the status of a measurement by only changing the program. The testing results have shown agreement, in a wide range of frequencies, with the existing IIP-frequency meter.
Recognition and resistance in TEM beta-lactamase

Developing antimicrobials that are less likely to engender resistance has become an important design criterion as more and more drugs fall victim to resistance mutations. One hypothesis is that the more closely an inhibitor resembles a substrate, the more difficult it will be to develop resistant mutations that can at once disfavor the inhibitor and still recognize the substrate. To investigate this hypothesis, 10 transition-state analogues, of greater or lesser similarity to substrates, were tested for inhibition of TEM-1 β-lactamase, the most widespread resistance enzyme to penicillin antibiotics. The inhibitors were also tested against four characteristic mutant enzymes: TEM-30, TEM-32, TEM-52, and TEM-64. The inhibitor most similar to the substrate, compound 10, was the most potent inhibitor of the WT enzyme, with a Ki value of 64 nM. Conversely, compound 10 was the most susceptible to the TEM-30 (R244S) mutant, for which inhibition dropped by over 100-fold. The other inhibitors were relatively imper...
IBM grid business model

IBM e-business model has responsive in real time and focused on core competencies with variable cost structures. Grid/Web services are used for heterogeneous distributed systems integration, autonomic computing for self-managing infrastructures, and virtualization technology provisioning resource for open standards.
Kudos and Cautions for Advances in Cultural Neuroscience: A Response to Chiao et al.

The Chiao et al. (this issue) target article provides an overview of the rapidly developing field of cultural neuroscience, and where the future of this dynamic and important research lies. The aut...
The reverse transcriptase 67N 70R 215Y genotype is the predominant TAM pathway associated with virologic failure among HIV type 1C-infected adults treated with ZDV/ddi-containing HAART in southern africa

HIV-1C has become the dominant HIV-1 subtype in the global AIDS epidemic. Historically, the evolution of drug-resistant mutations was characterized primarily among antiretroviral (ARV)-treated HIV-1B infections. Whereas the non-B viruses are susceptible to the currently used ARVs, some differences between HIV-1 subtypes in response to ARV regimens have been reported. We analyzed the profile of ARV-associated mutations in HIV-1C infection treated with ZDV/ddI-containing regimens in an open-label, randomized 3 × 2 × 2 factorial study comparing ZDV/3TC vs. ZDV/ddI vs. d4T/3TC and EFV vs. NVP regimens in drug-naive adults in Botswana. The overall rate of virologic failure in the ZDV/ddI-containing arms was 14%. We addressed the development of NRTI-associated mutations in 23 virologically failed patients in the ZDV/ddI-containing arms. The 67N 70R 215Y genotype with wild-type amino acids at codon positions 41 and 210 was a dominant pattern of NRTI-associated mutations at the time of virologic failure. The muta...
Single Dose Parenteral Hyposensitization to Poison Ivy Urushiol in Guinea Pigs

AbstractStudies were carried out in guinea pigs to evaluate the potential for single dose hyposensitization to poison ivy urushiol dermatitis. Sensitization was induced by topical application of lmg of poison ivy urushiol to the back of the neck. In the first series of studies, three different analogs of poison ivy urushiol were studied: 1) a mixture of penta-decyl and heptadecyl catechols (PDC/HDC), the saturated side chain analog of the natural urushiol mixture; 2) a mixture of the diacetate esters of PDC and HDC (PDC/HDC Ac), the esterified form of the saturated sidechain analogs; 3) 2-n-pentadecyl hydroquinone diacetate (HQ Ac). Each of these compounds was administered as 5 mg of the free catechol i.m. each week for three weeks. A vehicle group received only corn oil injections. Reactivity to poison ivy urushiol (PIU) challenge was evaluated in skin tests at 1 and 5 weeks post-treatment PDC/HDC Ac induced a marked reduction in both the incidence and the severity of lesions induced by PIU at both 1 and...
Durable participants: A generational approach to reality TV’s ‘ordinary’ labor pool:

The expansion of reality programming across television’s changing landscape has been the result of industrial strategies that seek out specific types of real people in order to cast them on particular types of shows. In the US, this practice has resulted in the reconfiguration of ordinary people into durable forms of talent. This paper adopts a generational model in order to contextualize the evolving status of reality TV’s participants since the genre’s (re)emergence at the turn of the century. In so doing, assertions that reality TV’s participants are unexceptional and therefore inherently disposable are argued to be increasingly inadequate when considered in the light of emerging post-network business models and labor practices.
Two-dimensional piezoelectricity. Part II: general solution, Green¿s function and interface cracks

Abstract The complete solution space of a piezoelectric material is the direct sum of several orthogonal eigenspaces, one for each distinct eigenvalue. Each one of the 14 different classes of piezoelectric materials has a distinct form of the general solution, expressed in terms of the eigenvectors of the zeroth and higher orders and a kernel matrix containing analytic functions. When these functions are chosen to be logarithmic, one obtains, in a unified way, Green’s function of the infinite space as a single 8 × 8 matrix function G∞ for the various load cases of concentrated line forces, dislocations, and a line charge. This expression of Green’s function is valid for all classes of nondegenerate and degenerate materials. With an appropriate choice of the parameters, it reduces to the solution of a half space with concentrated (line) forces at a boundary point, and with dislocations in the displacements. As another application, eigenvalues and eigensolutions are obtained for the bimaterial interface crack problem.
An ultra-compact hard X-ray superconducting light source for biotechnology and industrial use

Abstract We describe the design of a 1.5-GeV ultra-compact storage ring that uses 7-T superconducting magnets. The aim of this source is to provide intense 10–30 keV X-rays of moderate brilliance for commercial application. The first prototype is being designed for the UCLA Science and Technology Research Building (STRB) in Westwood, California.
Valid inequalities and separation for capacitated fixed charge flow problems

This paper discusses a simple procedure to derive network inequalities for capacitated fixed charge network problems. Properties of the fractional extreme points of the LP relaxation are used to construct a class of inequalities and to construct a computational heuristic procedure for generating violated cutting planes. Computational results confirm the usefulness of the procedure.
The Comparative Study of Foreign Policy

The study of the processes by which foreign policy is formed has been in the embarrassing position of falling between two academic chairs. On the one hand, students of international affairs have displayed considerable reluctance to delve into the domestic factors that distinguish one nation's policies from another's. On the other hand, scholars of comparative politics, with their knowledge of political institutions and processes, have rarely considered the effect of various political arrangements on foreign policy.
Is GERD a risk factor for laryngeal cancer

Objective/Hypothesis: The significance of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in laryngeal cancer is controversial due to disparate studies. To evaluate the overall strength of the association of GERD with laryngeal cancer, we performed meta-analysis of the original studies in literature. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: All studies cited on Ovid Medline (1966–June 2004), EMBASE (1980–June 2004), and Cochrane database describing GERD and laryngeal cancer were eligible for inclusion. The inclusion criteria for the study included original controlled study design and a clear documentation of the reflux prevalence in cases and controls. Statistical analysis was performed by NCSS software. Results: Fifteen original studies were identified. Eight studies did not have control groups, two studies did not clearly document GERD prevalence in controls, and two studies were published using the same data, one of which was included in this meta-analysis. Thus, four studies qualified for inclusion for the meta-analysis. The methodologic quality in the studies was heterogeneous, not only in the evaluation of confounding risk factors such as smoking and alcohol but also in the mode of GERD diagnosis. There was also significant heterogeneity of effect of reflux among the studies (P = .001). The pooled odds ratio on the basis of fixed-effects model was 2.86 (95% CI, 2.73–2.99), and on the basis of random-effects model was 2.37 (95% CI 1.38–4.08). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that GERD may be a significant risk factor for laryngeal cancer. However, given the heterogeneity of the published data, future prospective controlled studies are needed.
Analysis of the J P = 1 + and 0 − three-pion systems

We analyze $3\ensuremath{\pi}$ production results obtained from recent diffractive and charge-exchange experiments. We find that two resonances, a ${J}^{P}={1}^{+}({A}_{1})$ and a ${J}^{P}={0}^{\ensuremath{-}}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ are required by the data. The resonance parameters are ${M}_{{A}_{1}}=1230\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}30$ MeV, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{A}_{1}}=350\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}60$ MeV, and ${M}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=1273\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50$ MeV, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}}=580\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100$ MeV. We interpret the above resonances in terms of $q\overline{q}$ and ${q}^{2}{\overline{q}}^{2}$ quark-model states.
Cross Polarization and Cross Relaxation from Laser-Polarized Xenon to Surface Species

The high polarization of optically pumped 129Xe was transferred to surface carbon and silicon species under magic angle spinning (MAS) conditions to afford enhanced solid-state NMR of surfaces. High-resolution 29Si MAS spectra of fumed silica and 13C spectra of chemisorbed methanol on silica were obtained using a steady flow of hyperpolarized xenon adsorbed onto the surface at 135 K. Cross polarization to 29Si from SPINOE enhanced hydroxyl protons and to 13C from enhanced methyl protons is observed with good efficiency. A direct SPINOE transfer from 129Xe to 13C without cross polarization is observed to give the highest enhancement under these conditions.
CHC theory and the human cognitive abilities project: Standing on the shoulders of the giants of psychometric intelligence research

Abstract During the past decade the Cattell–Horn Gf–Gc and Carroll Three-Stratum models have emerged as the consensus psychometric-based models for understanding the structure of human intelligence. Although the two models differ in a number of ways, the strong correspondence between the two models has resulted in the increased use of a broad umbrella term for a synthesis of the two models (Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory of cognitive abilities—CHC theory). The purpose of this editorial is three-fold. First, I will describe the CHC framework and recommend that intelligence researchers begin using the CHC taxonomy as a common nomenclature for describing research findings and a theoretical framework from which to test hypotheses regarding various aspects of human cognitive abilities. Second, I argue that the emergence of the CHC framework should not be viewed as the capstone to the psychometric era of factor analytic research. Rather, I recommend the CHC framework serve as the stepping stone to reinvigorate the investigation of the structure of human intelligence. Finally, the Woodcock-Munoz Foundation Human Cognitive Abilities (HCA) project, which is an evolving, free, on-line electronic archive of the majority of datasets analyzed in Carroll's (1993) seminal treatise on factor analysis of human cognitive abilities, is introduced and described. Intelligence scholars are urged to access the Carroll HCA datasets to test and evaluate structural models of human intelligence with contemporary methods (confirmatory factor analysis). In addition, suggestions are offered for linking the analysis of contemporary data sets with the seminal work of Carroll. The emergence of a consensus CHC taxonomy and access to the original datasets analyzed by Carroll provides an unprecedented opportunity to extend and refine our understanding of human intelligence.
LC3 binds externalized cardiolipin on injured mitochondria to signal mitophagy in neurons: Implications for Parkinson disease

Mitophagy, or the selective clearance of mitochondria by autophagy, plays a key role in mitochondrial quality control. Due to their postmitotic nature and metabolic dependence on mitochondria, either insufficient or unchecked mitophagy is detrimental to neurons. To better understand signals that regulate this process, we treated primary rat cortical neurons with the electron transport chain complex I inhibitor rotenone to elicit mitophagy. The lipidomic profiles of mitochondria from control or injured neurons were analyzed by mass spectrometry, revealing a significant redistribution of cardiolipin (CL) from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the outer mitochondrial surface. Direct liposome-binding studies, computational modeling, and site-directed mutagenesis indicate that microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1LC3/LC3), a defining protein of autophagic membranes, binds to CL. Preventing this interaction inhibits rotenone-induced mitochondrial delivery to autophagosomes and lysosomes and attenuates mitochondrial loss as assessed by western blot. The CL-LC3 interaction is also important for mitophagy induced by other stimuli including 6-hydroxydopamine, another chemical model of Parkinson disease. Given that a conserved LC3 phosphorylation site is adjacent to key residues involved in CL binding, signaling pathways could potentially modulate this interaction to fine-tune the mitochondrial recycling response.
Why are proteins marginally stable

Most globular proteins are marginally stable regardless of size or activity. The most common interpretation is that proteins must be marginally stable in order to function, and so marginal stability represents the results of positive selection. We consider the issue of marginal stability directly using model proteins and the dynamical aspects of protein evolution in populations. We find that the marginal stability of proteins is an inherent property of proteins due to the high dimensionality of the sequence space, without regard to protein function. In this way, marginal stability can result from neutral, non-adaptive evolution. By allowing evolving protein sub-populations with different stability requirements for functionality to complete, we find that marginally stable populations of proteins tend to dominate. Our results show that functionalities consistent with marginal stability have a strong evolutionary advantage, and might arise because of the natural tendency of proteins towards marginal stability.
Nitric Oxide Response in Critically III Dogs

Summary Alterations in nitric oxide (NO)production may play a role in critical illness. Total serum nitrate/nitrite concentrations [SNN (uM/L)], the stable metabolites of NO, have been used as an indirect measure of NO in people, with increased concentrations reported in cases of critical illness. The relationship of nitric oxide (NO) to criticalillness in dgos is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) canine illness in dogs is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that critically ill intesive care unit (ICU) canine patients would have increased SNN as compared to healthy dogs and non-critically ill dogs. An organ failure index score (OFI) was assigned to dogs admitted to the ICU to evaluate trends between disease severtiy and SNN. Critically ill dogs had significantly (p 15 upon ICU admission (12% survival) was significantly less than survival of critically ill dogs with SNN ≤ 15 (91%) survival).l (Vet. Emerg. & Crit. Care, 9: 195–202, 1999)
The DNase activities of the mouse

Several tissues of the mouse contain neutral DNase activity, as well as the acid DNase found in lysosomes. The mouse pancreas was found to have very low levels of neutral DNase I activity, in contrast to the high levels of DNase I measurable in bovine pancreas. On the other hand, the mouse parotid salivary gland produces large amounts of DNase I which is secreted into the saliva. The parotid DNase can be distinguished from the neutral DNase found in the liver on the basis of acid- and heat-stability, and from the mouse pancreas DNase I on the basis of acid-stability. The mouse parotid DNase I is similar to the beef pancreas DNase I in certain of its properties, but shows a distinctly different band pattern on zonal electrophoresis. It is suggested that the parotid DNase I, like the pancreatic enzymes, is a cell-specific molecule.
Studies of the water-gas-shift reaction with ceria-supported precious metals

Ceria-supported precious metals have great potential for use as water-gas-shift (WGS) catalysts in fuel processors for fuel-cell applications. In this paper, we review the mechanisms that have been proposed for these catalysts and discuss the deactivation that has been observed. Since a redox mechanism appears to explain the observations about the reaction best, we briefly review what is known about ceria reduction. We also discuss methods for enhancing catalytic activity through the use of additives.
Selenomethionine induced transcriptional programs in human prostate cancer cells.

Purpose: We determined the effects of selenomethionine, the major organic selenium containing compound found in the diet and the form of selenium being used in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial, on prostate cancer cells.Materials and Methods: We assessed global transcript profiles of selenomethionine treated LNCaP using cDNA microarrays and compared them to those of cells treated with methylselenic acid, a direct precursor of methylselenol, which is the active form of selenium in vivo.Results: After treatment with selenomethionine 2,336 unique genes showed expression changes of at least 1.5-fold in at least 3 time points during 48 hours and 366 unique transcripts differed significantly between selenomethionine and methylselenic acid treated LNCaP. Approximately half of the 76 cell cycle regulated genes affected by selenomethionine were down-regulated and enriched for genes associated with the G2/M phase. Flow cytometry analysis showed that selenomethionine induced G2/M arrest in LNCaP at ...
Evaluation of Zn{N[Si(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 } 2 as a p -type dopant in OMVPE growth of ZnSe

We have grown nominally undoped ZnSe on GaAs from the precursors H2Se and Et2Zn. Replacement of Et2Zn by Zn[N(TMS)2]2 produced crystalline ZnSe of a lesser quality. Data indicate incorporation of nitrogen into the films when Et2Zn is utilized as the main zinc source with Zn[N(TMS)2]2 being introduced at dopant levels. Characterization techniques employed include NMR, XRD, SIMS, SEM, PL, RGA, GC/MS, and Raman spectroscopy.
Discriminative stimulus properties and brain distribution of phencyclidine in rats following administration by injection and smoke inhalation

Four male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate IP injections of 3.0 mg/kg phencyclidine (PCP) from saline under a 2-lever fixed-ratio 32 schedule of food presentation. After reliable discriminative control of lever choice was established, other doses of injected PCP were tested resulting in dose-dependent increases in PCP-lever selection and dose-dependent decreases in rates of responding. When doses of PCP were administered by exposure to smoke from cigarettes containing PCP, a dose-dependent increase in PCP-lever responding was also observed. delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol administered via smoke exposure, up to doses which markedly suppressed response rates, did not result in PCP-appropriate responding, demonstrating the specificity of the PCP stimulus by the inhalation route. Brain levels and distribution of 3H-PCP were determined in rats administered doses calculated to result in 50% generalization by the IP injection or smoke inhalation routes. By both routes of administration roughly equivalent brain levels were attained and the distribution was relatively even across the seven brain areas analyzed. These results demonstrate the validity of using the injection route of administration when studying PCP experimentally, in spite of the fact that PCP is abused primarily by smoking.
Distribution of Heavy Metal and PCB Contaminants in the Sediments of an Urban Estuary: The Hudson River

Abstract Surficial sediments obtained from sediment cores were collected over 100km along the axis of the lower Hudson River in June 1994, November 1994, May 1995 and April 1996 and showed the presence of anthropogenic Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, PCBs in all samples. Contaminant distributions in the Hudson River estuary show two types of trends: Ag, Cu and Pb show an increasing trend down-estuary with maximum values in New York Harbor sediments; in contrast, Cd, Zn and total PCBs display a decreasing trend toward New York Harbor where urban sources are also apparent. Silver is a useful tracer of urban sources of contaminants in the Hudson River estuary and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are useful source indicators of upriver sources. Correlations of Cu and Pb with Ag suggest that Ag, Cu and Pb are dominated by down-estuary sources such as wastewater effluent. The history of their inputs suggests that they have been progressively transported downstream. Correlations of Cd and Zn with total PCBs indicate that these contaminants are dominated by upriver sources, where they are removed and diluted downstream along with the sediment transport.
Photobioreactor Design for Commercial Biofuel Production from Microalgae

This review paper describes systems used to cultivate microalgae for biofuel production. It addresses general design considerations pertaining to reactors that use natural light and photosynthetic growth mechanisms, with an emphasis on large-scale reactors. Important design aspects include lighting, mixing, water consumption, CO2 consumption, O2 removal, nutrient supply, temperature, and pH. Though open pond reactors are the most affordable option, they provide insufficient control of nearly all growth conditions. In contrast, a variety of closed reactors offer substantial control, but few feature the likelihood for levels of productivity that offset their high cost. One of the greatest challenges of closed photobioreactor design is how to increase reactor size in order to benefit from economy of scale and produce meaningful quantities of biofuel. This paper also highlights the concept of combining open and closed systems and concludes with a discussion regarding a possible optimal reactor configuration.
When Good Forecasts Go Bad: The Time-for-Change Model and the 2004 Presidential Election

Despite mediocre approval ratings and below average economic growth, George W. Bush has a good chance of winning a second term in the White House according to the time-forchange forecasting model.
Common Approaches to the Control of Multidrug-resistant Organisms Other Than Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Curbing antibiotic resistance is a challenge in health care today. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms are estimated to cause 12,000 deaths and cost 3.5 billion dollars in excess health care costs in the United States annually. This article focuses on relevant infection control measures for vancomycin-resistant enterococci, multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections, and Clostridium difficile. Common control strategies targeting these pathogens are reviewed and opportunities for research and more effective deployment of existing tools are highlighted. When there is less extensive evidence available from the published literature, the experience with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is discussed as it might apply to other pathogens.
Moxifloxacin-Induced Delirium With Hallucinations

Psychosis, depression, and grand mal convulsions have been reported during treatment with most quinolones developed so far. While there have been published reports of delirium or psychosis attributed to ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, – 6 and levofloxacin, to our knowledge there has been no published report implicating moxifloxacin as a contributor to delirium or psychosis. We present a case report of a 70-year-old woman, with no known psychiatric history of psychotic or affective disorder, who developed delirium with visual hallucinations while on moxifloxacin that resolved upon withdrawal of moxifloxacin.
Indices of protein metabolism in term infants fed either human milk or formulas with reduced protein concentration and various whey/casein ratios

Hyperaminoacidemia is evident in infants fed either whey-dominant or casein-dominant formula containing 2.2 g protein/100 kcal. We assessed protein metabolism in infants fed formulas with reduced protein contents and various whey/casein ratios. Term infants (n=40) received either human milk or formula containing 1.8 g protein/100 kcal and whey/casein ratios 18:82, 34:66, or 50:50. At ages 4 and 8 weeks, growth, indices and mean serum concentrations of retinol binding protein, albumin, total protein, and serum urea nitrogen were similar, as were mean plasma concentrations of total amino acids, total essential amino acids, and their ratio. Compared with infants fed human milk, those fed formula had plasma concentrations similar for valine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, histidine, threonine, and free and total cyst(e)ine; elevated for phenylalanine, methionine, and citrulline; and depressed for taurine and tryptophan. Except for leucine, mean plasma amino acid values varied similarly among formula groups despite differences in intakes. Our data indicate that feeding formulas providing 1.8 g protein/100 kcal results in many indices of protein metabolism characteristic of human milk feeding. However, certain differences are noted, suggesting the need for further manipulation of specific amino acid patterns of infant formulas.
Abundance and parasitic habits of some parasitoids of the Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Adult emergence curves of the Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and 27 members of its parasitoid complex were compared for four generations in the Georgia piedmont. Based on numbers of emerging adults, parasitism of the three 1975 R. frustrana generations was 42%. Two parasitoids, Lixophaga mediocris Aldrich and Compoplex frustranae Cushman, comprised 45 and 23% of all parasitoids, respectively.Emergence curves of R. frustrana and parasitoids showed considerable overlap. It appears unlikely that foliar applications of broad spectrum insecticides for control of R. frustrana can be timed to prevent heavy parasitoid mortality.Eleven species of parasitoids were reared directly from host larvae or pupae. Examination of host remains showed that some species of parasitoids may be either primary or secondary. The habits of Haltichella rhyacionae Gahan and Spilochalcis flavopicta Cresson were found to be more diverse than previously reported and include internal secondary and primary parasitism, respectively.
Intracisternal injection of TRH precursor, TRH-glycine, stimulates gastric acid secretion in rats

Abstract Intracisternal injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-Gly (pGlu-His-Pro-Gly) produced a dose-dependent (1–100 μg) stimulation of gastric acid secretion in urethane-anesthetized rats implanted acutely with a gastric fistula. The peak response occurred 20–30 min after intracisternal injection and lasted for more than 2 h. Intravenous injection of TRH-Gly (100 μg) did not modify gastric acid secretion. Following intracisternal injection of TRH-Gly, a peak elevation of both TRH-Gly and TRH levels is observed in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within 15 min. Thereafter, TRH values are returned to basal levels at 75 min after the injection, whereas TRH-Gly concentrations remain significantly elevated throughout the 2-h period of measurement. Compartmental analysis revealed that CSF conversion of TRH-Gly to TRH was only 0.0072%/min. Medullary coronal sections containing the dorsal vagal complex and the raphe nucleus revealed increased content of TRH-Gly, but not TRH, 40 min after administration of TRH-Gly at an intracisternal dose effective in stimulating gastric acid secretion (100 μg). In addition, TRH but not TRH-Gly (10 −7 –10 −5 M) displaced [ 3 H]MeTRH binding from rat medullary blocks containing the dorsal vagal complex. These data suggest that the intracisternal TRH-Gly-induced stimulation of gastric acid secretion is not related to its conversion to TRH in the CSF, or direct activation of TRH receptors in the medulla. The acid secretory response of TRH-Gly may be due to the formation of TRH at the active brain sites, or alternatively to activation of its own specific receptors.
Computed tomography of the orbit with special emphasis on coronal sections

Computed tomography (CT) is an extremely valuable noninvasive method for evaluating orbital soft-tissue structures. The possibility of scanning in the coronal plane has added a new dimension to the study. Direct enlargement viewing of scans on the display console has disclosed minute anatomic and pathologic details.
Treatment response to pregabalin in fibromyalgia pain: effect of patient baseline characteristics.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of patients' characteristics at baseline on the magnitude of pain response to pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia.Methods: Data from four randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical studies of pregabalin in patients with fibromyalgia were used for the analysis. Approved doses (300 and 450 mg/day) were pooled to enhance the sensitivity of the interaction tests. A centered covariate interaction model was used to assess the treatment effects; a noncentered model was used for estimated mean pain changes and least square means across different levels of baseline covariates. The interaction was considered significant if p < 0.10.Results: In total, 2061 patients (median age, 49 years; median pain score, 7.0; median duration of fibromyalgia, 83 months) were included in this analysis. No significant interaction was observed between treatment and anxiety, depression, or duration of fibromyalgia. Significant treatment by baseline mean pa...
A longitudinal study of college students’ communication competence

This research examines the development of communication competence in college students and how communication factors are related to college success. College students’ communication competence was assessed yearly for four years. Results suggested that communication competence decreased significantly during the sophomore year, but then increased the junior and senior years while communication apprehension and interaction involvement scores remained steady. These results were discussed in light of “sophomore slump,”; a period of change and uncertainty many college students experience. Also, communication apprehension, communication courses, and extracurricular communication experiences were the best predictors of college success.
Voltage-controlled spin-wave-based logic gate

Spin wave spintronics (also known as magnonics) processes information by propagating spin waves with no charge displaced. Because dissipation is thus minimized this is rapidly becoming an important subject of research within the larger area of spintronics. The logic states in magnonic circuitry can be defined either by the phase or by the amplitude of the spin wave. In both cases, a π-phase shifter plays a crucial role in performing logical operations. The first spin wave logic gate was experimentally demonstrated by Kostylev et al 1. They utilized an inhomogeneous magnetic field to control the phase difference between spin waves propagating in different arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer -and thus the amplitude of the output spin wave. Later, Schneider et al 2 and Lee et al 3 developed a complete set of logic gates such as NOR, XOR and AND, based on spin wave interferometry. However, all of theses gates are controlled by a current-induced magnetic field. As the devices shrink down, π-phase shift requires a larger electric current to induce stronger magnetic field, which inevitably increases the power-loss. Therefore, voltage-controlled spin wave electronics becomes an attractive alternative avenue towards nano-scale magnonics, where exchange spin waves are of primary interest.
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: The Sirionó and Yuquí Community Forestry Projects in the Bolivian Amazon

Since the early 1990’s, “community forestry” has taken the spotlight in conservation and development initiatives in the Bolivian Amazon, particularly among indigenous peoples. This paper will examine the cases of two culturally related indigenous groups, the Siriono and Yuqui, who are both stakeholders in community forestry management projects. The first project, carried out among the Siriono by the NGO (non-governmental organization) CIDDEBENI (Centro de Investigacion y Documentacion para el Desarrollo del Beni), was funded by several international NGOs and governmental entities. It was small-scale and the staff had in-depth knowledge of the indigenous culture, practiced careful planning, engaged in participatory decision-making, and provided continuous monitoring and documentation for assessment. As a result, the project has contributed positively to the cultural continuity and integrity of the Siriono people and their economic development. The second project, targeted at the Yuqui and carried out by th...
Effect of AM symbiosis exclusion on grassland community composition

Experimental data on grassland community response to exclusion of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis using fungicide benomyl and to phosphate addition were evaluated after four years of continued manipulation using multivariate direct gradient analysis. While the community responded only to phosphate application in the third year (phosphate application suppressing forbs in favour of graminoids), the data from the fourth season indicate relative suppression of some forbs (includingPlantago lanceolata, Cerastium holosteoides) with both phosphate and fungicide applications. Positive response of graminoids to phosphate addition seems to interact with fungicide application, while an important community constituent —Achillea millefolium — seems to profit primarily from fungicide applications. The effect of the fungicide on the AM symbiosis was confirmed on roots ofPlantago lanceolata. The direct evaluation of frequency of AM fungal structures in plant roots also revealed a diverse response of different plant species to phosphate application. Nevertheless, in all species (except non-mycorrhizalLuzula campestris), phosphate decreased the frequency of arbuscules and increased the frequency of non-infected root segments.