cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dysphoric Rumination Impairs Concentration on Academic Tasks.

Three studies investigated the effects of dysphoric rumination on concentration during 3 academic tasks—reading a passage from the GRE (Study 1), watching a videotaped lecture (Study 2), and proofreading written text (Study 3). Before performing these tasks, dysphoric and nondysphoric students were induced either to ruminate about themselves or to distract themselves by focusing on neutral images (all three studies) or by planning an event (Study 1). The results supported our hypothesis that dysphoric rumination, relative to distraction, would impair students' concentration. In all 3 studies, dysphoric ruminators reported difficulty concentrating, as well as interfering thoughts, during the relevant academic tasks. Furthermore, dysphoric ruminators were slower than dysphoric distractors in completing the tasks—specifically, reading the GRE passage (Study 1) and answering lecture comprehension questions (Study 2). In addition, dysphoric participants who ruminated showed impaired reading strategies (Study 1), reduced comprehension of academic material (Study 2), and poor proofreading performance (Study 3). These findings suggest that, in addition to its documented adverse effects on mood, thinking, and problem-solving, self-focused rumination interferes with instrumental behavior. Implications for social relationships and job performance are discussed.
THE VISUAL ACUITY OF THE FIDDLER-CRAB, UCA PUGNAX

The visual acuity of the fiddler-crab can be measured at various illuminations by means of its response to a moving visual pattern. The method, although similar to that used by Hecht and Wolf for the bee and Hecht and Wald for Drosophila, must be modified to give consistent results. An explanation of the response to a visual pattern is given in terms of the structure of the eye. Visual acuity of the crab varies with log I as in man, the bee, and Drosophila. Hecht and Wolf's explanation of the varying visual acuity with illumination in terms of the distribution of functional ommatidia in the eye is supported to that extent. In the fiddler-crab as in man, monocular and binocular visual acuity is similar with a maximum of 0.0042 for the fiddler-crab. This agrees fairly well with visual acuities of 0.0041, 0.0038, and 0.0032 as found in the field. In man and the bee, the minimum visual angle corresponds to the minimum angle of two adjacent receptors; in Drosophila and the fiddler-crab the minimum visual angle corresponds to approximately twice the minimum angle between two adjacent receptors.
The Relationship Between Select Demographic Characteristics and Body Mass Index Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Caregiving Adults

Purpose: Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders (NHOPIs) have the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in the world. We identified the proportion of our NHOPI sample in each body mass index (BMI) category and explored relationships between BMI and demographic characteristics. Design/Method: Our descriptive correlational study included 364 NHOPI caregiver adults in Utah (n = 155) and Hawaii (n = 209). We gathered demographic information with a questionnaire. Height and weight were measured for BMI calculations. Results: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s BMI categories, 84.3% of our sample was overweight or obese. Participants in Utah had significantly higher BMIs than participants in Hawaii. Educational attainment was inversely related with BMI; however, age, gender, and income were not significantly related with BMI. Discussion: NHOPIs on the U.S. mainland may be at greater risk for obesity than those in Hawaii; food price differences between locations may help exp...
Preparation, Action, Recovery: A Conceptual Framework for Counselor Preparation and Response in Client Crises

Despite increasing requirements for counselor proficiency in crisis response, there is an absence in the standards for counselor preparation, certification, and supervision of consistent criteria on which best practice in crisis prevention and intervention, and postcrisis recovery can be gauged. The authors present a conceptual framework that defines the actions required at the different phases of a client crisis and identifies potential constraints to effective counselor action that must be acknowledged and overcome at each phase.
Myocardial infarct delineation in vivo using diffusion tensor MRI and the tractographic propagation angle

Background Delayed gadolinium enhancement (Gd-DE) is widely used to detect scar formation following myocardial infarction (MI) [1], but cannot be performed in patients with renal impairment. Here we use the tractographic propagation angle (PA), a novel index derived from 3D diffusion tensor MRI (DTI), to detect changes in myocardial fiber architecture post-MI [2]. We compare image segmentation based on the tractographic PA to infarct delineation with GdDE.
Concurrent bandwidth scheduling for big data transfer over a dedicated channel

Many applications in various domains are producing colossal amounts of data, now frequently termed as 'big data', which must be transferred over long distances for remote operations. Such data transfer requires dedicated channels with high and stable bandwidth provisioned by high-performance networks HPNs through bandwidth reservation. For a data transfer task, from an application user's perspective, a common goal is to achieve the earliest completion time ECT, while from a network operator's perspective, a common goal is to achieve the shortest duration SD. In this paper, we investigate the problem of scheduling as many concurrent bandwidth reservation requests BRRs as possible over one dedicated channel in an HPN while achieving the average ECT and the average SD of scheduled BRRs. We show that both problems are NP-hard, and propose a heuristic algorithm for each. The performance superiority of the proposed algorithms is illustrated by extensive simulations in comparison with three other algorithms in terms of multiple performance metrics.
Transplantation of metanephroi across the major histocompatibility complex in rats

To determine whether transplanted metanephroi grow, differentiate, and function in hosts that differ in major histocompatibility complex loci (RT1 loci in rats) from donors in a defined way, we imp...
Factors Affecting Childrens Store Loyalty: An Empirical Examination Of Two Store Types

This research is an empirical examination of the factors that affect children’s store loyalty. Specifically, the effects of impersonal communication, interpersonal communication, experience, and perceptions of affective and functional qualities of store image are examined as to how they impact children’s store loyalty. Results suggest that prior experience and impersonal communications are important in the formation of a child’s perception of a store’s image. In turn, the child’s perception of the affective and functional qualities of a store’s image are fundamental to a child’s store loyalty. These findings were supported for both a mass-merchandise discount store and a specialty store. Managerial implications for retailers interested in building store loyalty with children are discussed.
(Almost) Everybody Wins: A True Pareto Justification for Practical Welfare Economics and Benefit-Cost Analysis

This paper argues that the consistent application of benefit-cost analysis (BCA) is likely to enhance the well-being of all. Thus, the justification for its use in policy making lies directly in the Pareto test. The Pareto justification stems from a decision-rule perspective across a portfolio of projects. We call this perspective Pareto Relevance. Pareto Relevance is achieved by adopting all projects with positive net benefits, considering in principle all economic goods as valued in a methodologically appropriate BCA. We demonstrate that Pareto Relevance provides a sounder basis for the use BCA than does the potential compensation test.
Stability of Protein-Specific Hydration Shell on Crowding

We demonstrate that the effect of protein crowding is critically dependent on the stability of the protein’s hydration shell, which can dramatically vary between different proteins. In the human eye lens, γS-crystallin (γS-WT) forms a densely packed transparent hydrogel with a high refractive index, making it an ideal system for studying the effects of protein crowding. A single point mutation generates the cataract-related variant γS-G18V, dramatically altering the optical properties of the eye lens. This system offers an opportunity to explore fundamental questions regarding the effect of protein crowding, using γS-WT and γS-G18V: (i) how do the diffusion dynamics of hydration water change as a function of protein crowding?; and (ii) upon hydrogel formation of γS-WT, has a dynamic transition occurred generating a single population of hydration water, or do populations of bulk and hydration water coexist? Using localized spin probes, we separately probe the local translational diffusivity of both surface...
Risk factors for the onset of eating disorders in adolescent girls: results of the McKnight longitudinal risk factor study.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the importance of potential risk factors for eating disorder onset in a large multiethnic sample followed for up to 3 years, with assessment instruments validated for the target population and a structured clinical interview used to make diagnoses. METHOD Participants were 1,103 girls initially assessed in grades 6-9 in school districts in Arizona and California. Each year, students completed the McKnight Risk Factor Survey, had body height and weight measured, and underwent a structured clinical interview. The McKnight Risk Factor Survey, a self-report instrument developed for this age group, includes questions related to risk factors for eating disorders. RESULTS During follow-up, 32 girls (2.9%) developed a partial- or full-syndrome eating disorder. At the Arizona site, there was a significant interaction between Hispanics and higher scores on a factor measuring thin body preoccupation and social pressure in predicting onset of eating disorders. An increase in negative life events also predicted onset of eating disorders in this sample. At the California site, only thin body preoccupation and social pressure predicted onset of eating disorders. A four-item screen derived from thin body preoccupation and social pressure had a sensitivity of 0.72, a specificity of 0.80, and an efficiency of 0.79. CONCLUSIONS Thin body preoccupation and social pressure are important risk factors for the development of eating disorders in adolescents. Some Hispanic groups are at risk of developing eating disorders. Efforts to reduce peer, cultural, and other sources of thin body preoccupation may be necessary to prevent eating disorders.
Power transmission-tower detection for SAR images based on SIRV model

In this paper,we focus on the detection of power transmission-tower based on the constant false alarm rate(CFAR)algorithm for high resolution synthetic apecture radar(SAR)images.The improved algorithm employs a spherically invariant random vector(SIRV)model to improve the detection accuracy as it can better fit the data in building and forest areas for high resolution SAR images.Due to the slow speed of point-wise CFAR detection and SIRV parameter estimation,we propose a hierarchical detection strategy to solve the problem.The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can detect the power-transmission-tower efficiently and accurately.
High-Resolution Measurement of Ocean Surface Topography by Radar Interferometry for Oceanographic and Geophysical Applications

This paper describes a new approach to making altimeter measurements from off-nadir radar signal returns and its oceanographic and geophysical applications. The approach is based on the technique of radar interferomety and the new instrument is called the Wide-Swath Ocean Altimeter (WSOA). WSOA is designed to be flown with a Jason class conventional dual-frequency altimeter system, including a multifrequency radiometer for the correction of the effects of water vapor in the troposphere. WSOA will extend the measurement from a line along the nadir to a swath of 200 km centered on the nadir track. The most important application of WSOA is to provide the first synoptic maps of the global oceanic eddy field with a spatial resolution of 15 km x 15 km. The strong currents and water property anomalies (in temperature, salinity, oxygen, etc.) associated with ocean eddies are a major factor affecting the oceanic general circulation and the biogeochemical cycles of the ocean. WSOA will also provide measurements that allow the monitoring and study of coastal currents and tides that affect the lives of half of the world's population. The intrinsic resolution of WSOA in the look direction of the interferometric radar is about 1 km, allowing the estimation of sea surface slope with an accuracy of 1 micro radian down to a wavelength of 20 km for a 2-year mission (15 km for a 5-year mission). This capability will make contributions to the mapping of the details of the sea floor topography.
Clinical Value of F-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging of Myocardial Viability Is Dependent on Adherence to Treatment Strategy Based on Imaging Results.

It has been 30 years since publication of the landmark article in the New England Journal of Medicine , by Tillisch et al,1 which reported improvement in regional wall motion after revascularization of dysfunctional myocardium that demonstrated viability by positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging. Viability was defined as a mismatch between myocardial blood flow and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake, where resting flow was diminished in areas of enhanced FDG uptake. In contrast, regions of myocardium that showed a match between reduced blood flow and reduced FDG uptake were considered to have poor or no viability. There was no significant reversibility in wall motion abnormalities after revascularization in such nonviable segments. Since that report, a large number of observational studies and one randomized trial, using various noninvasive techniques, have been performed to assess the clinical value of viability imaging for decision making on which patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy would benefit most from revascularization versus medical therapy.2–5 Despite these many studies, controversy persists to this day as to whether viability imaging is useful for making such clinical decisions. See Article by Mc Ardle et al Observational studies have clearly shown that in addition to improved regional and global left ventricular (LV) function, revascularization in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and substantial viability in hibernating myocardium are associated with other improved outcomes, such as survival, reduction in heart failure symptoms, increased exercise tolerance, and reverse LV remodeling. In most of these studies, the greater the amount of hibernating myocardium, the better the outcome with revascularization. It seems from a published meta-analysis that the optimal threshold for amount of viability needed to improve survival with revascularization was calculated at 25.8% for PET-FDG and 38.7% for single-photon computed tomographic imaging.6 In a recent meta-analysis of nonrandomized studies comprising 4328 patients with coronary …
PFLOTRAN-E4D

Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is finding increased application for remotely monitoring processes occurring in the near subsurface in three-dimensions (i.e. 4D monitoring). However, there are few codes capable of simulating the evolution of subsurface resistivity and corresponding tomographic measurements arising from a particular process, particularly in parallel and with an open source license. Herein we describe and demonstrate an electrical resistivity tomography module for the PFLOTRAN subsurface flow and reactive transport simulation code, named PFLOTRAN-E4D. The PFLOTRAN-E4D module operates in parallel using a dedicated set of compute cores in a master-slave configuration. At each time step, the master processes receives subsurface states from PFLOTRAN, converts those states to bulk electrical conductivity, and instructs the slave processes to simulate a tomographic data set. The resulting multi-physics simulation capability enables accurate feasibility studies for ERT imaging, the identification of the ERT signatures that are unique to a given process, and facilitates the joint inversion of ERT data with hydrogeological data for subsurface characterization. PFLOTRAN-E4D is demonstrated herein using a field study of stage-driven groundwater/river water interaction ERT monitoring along the Columbia River, Washington, USA. Results demonstrate the complex nature of subsurface electrical conductivity changes, in both the saturated and unsaturated zones, arising from river stage fluctuations and associated river water intrusion into the aquifer. The results also demonstrate the sensitivity of surface based ERT measurements to those changes over time. PFLOTRAN-E4D is available with the PFLOTRAN development version with an open-source license at https://bitbucket.org/pflotran/pflotran-dev. Subsurface simulator PFLOTRAN is internally coupled with geophysical simulator E4D.E4D runs as a module to PFLOTRAN, using a dedicated set of parallel compute nodes.The coupled code enables the simulation of changes in bulk electrical conductivity.The coupled code enables the simulation of time-lapse electrical resistivity surveys.A simulation of geophysical monitoring of groundwater/river water interaction is demonstrated.
Genetic differentiation over a small spatial scale of the sand fly Lutzomyia vexator (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The geographic scale and degree of genetic differentiation for arthropod vectors that transmit parasites play an important role in the distribution, prevalence and coevolution of pathogens of human and wildlife significance. We determined the genetic diversity and population structure of the sand fly Lutzomyia vexator over spatial scales from 0.56 to 3.79 km at a study region in northern California. The study was provoked by observations of differentiation at fine spatial scales of a lizard malaria parasite vectored by Lu. vexator. A microsatellite enrichment/next-generation sequencing protocol was used to identify variable microsatellite loci within the genome of Lu. vexator. Alleles present at these loci were examined in four populations of Lu. vexator in Hopland, CA. Population differentiation was assessed using Fst and D (of Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards), and the program Structure was used to determine the degree of subdivision present. The effective population size for the sand fly populations was also calculated. Eight microsatellite markers were characterized and revealed high genetic diversity (uHe = 0.79–0.92, Na = 12–24) and slight but significant differentiation across the fine spatial scale examined (average pairwise D = 0.327; F ST = 0.0185 (95 % bootstrapped CI: 0.0102–0.0264). Even though the insects are difficult to capture using standard methods, the estimated population size was thousands per local site. The results argue that Lu. vexator at the study sites are abundant and not highly mobile, which may influence the overall transmission dynamics of the lizard malaria parasite, Plasmodium mexicanum, and other parasites transmitted by this species.
Mortality Trends in People with Sickle Cell Disease in North Carolina.

Background. Using data from the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease which ran from 1978 -19**, published figures for median life expectancy for men with sickle cell disease is 42 years and for women 46 years. Recent data from Texas show a declining childhood mortality rate, compared to the CSSCD data, in a cohort who have been followed from infancy. However, despite the strides made in reducing childhood mortality and improving length and quality of life in some adults, there is still very significant morbidity and mortality from cumulative damage to organs, especially the lungs and the kidneys. Aims. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the numbers and causes of death in individuals with sickle cell disease over the past several years in North Carolina. The information gathered may suggest areas in which health services to people with sickle cell disease may be improved. Methods. The North Carolina State Center for Health Statistics provided the following data for the years 1997–2003. Total number of SCD deaths for each of those years, and the age, county of residence, place of death, the ICD codes for the underlying and contributing cause of death as listed on the death certificates of the decedents. Results. There were 277 deaths over the 7 year period. Fifty-three percent of these deaths occurred during the earlier half of this period. Overall, 49% of the deaths occurred in people from age 30 to age 49, and this proportion remained quite stable during the 7 years. Deaths of people 20 years and younger made up 14% of total deaths; there were fewer in the second half of the time period than in the first half—40% of the total deaths in this age group occurred from late 2000 through 2003 vs 60% from 1997 through early 2000. Deaths in the youngest age group (0–5) were only 4.3% of the total deaths for the period. For the individuals who died between birth and 20 years of age, the underlying cause of death from the death certificates were grouped as “sickle cell disease with or without complications” in 50%, congenital heart disease in 11%, bacterial infection in 17%, gastroenteritis in 9.5%, UTI in 6% and other in 4%. For those who died between 30 and 40 years of age the underlying cause of death as listed on the death certificates were grouped as: sickle cell anemia, with and without crisis—58%, pulmonary complications—12%, cardiovascular problems—10%, CNS problems—5%, hepatic disorders and infections—each <5%, and other—10%. Conclusions. Mortality in the youngest children appears to have lessened in comparison with historical data, and this age group no longer leads in mortality rates. Deaths in the young adult age range of 30–49 years have showed no downward trend over 7 years. The cause of death from death certificates do not match well with the clinical problems typically seen in people in this age group. The lack of precise diagnoses on death certificates may reflect a lack of understanding of sickle cell complications among doctors in the community.
Biliary Secretion of Quasi-Enveloped Human Hepatitis A Virus

ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an unusual picornavirus that is released from cells cloaked in host-derived membranes. These quasi-enveloped virions (eHAV) are the only particle type circulating in blood during infection, whereas only nonenveloped virions are shed in feces. The reason for this is uncertain. Hepatocytes, the only cell type known to support HAV replication in vivo , are highly polarized epithelial cells with basolateral membranes facing onto hepatic (blood) sinusoids and apical membranes abutting biliary canaliculi from which bile is secreted to the gut. To assess whether eHAV and nonenveloped virus egress from cells via vectorially distinct pathways, we studied infected polarized cultures of Caco-2 and HepG2-N6 cells. Most (>99%) progeny virions were released apically from Caco-2 cells, whereas basolateral (64%) versus apical (36%) release was more balanced with HepG2-N6 cells. Both apically and basolaterally released virions were predominantly enveloped, with no suggestion of differential vectorial release of eHAV versus naked virions. Basolateral to apical transcytosis of either particle type was minimal ( Ifnar1 −/− Ifngr1 −/− and Mavs −/− mice banded over a range of densities extending from that of eHAV to that of nonenveloped virions. We conclude that nonenveloped virions shed in feces are derived from eHAV released across the canalicular membrane and stripped of membranes by the detergent action of bile acids within the proximal biliary canaliculus. IMPORTANCE HAV is a hepatotropic, fecally/orally transmitted picornavirus that can cause severe hepatitis in humans. Recent work reveals that it has an unusual life cycle. Virus is found in cell culture supernatant fluids in two mature, infectious forms: one wrapped in membranes (quasi-enveloped) and another that is nonenveloped. Membrane-wrapped virions circulate in blood during acute infection and are resistant to neutralizing antibodies, likely facilitating HAV dissemination within the liver. On the other hand, virus shed in feces is nonenveloped and highly stable, facilitating epidemic spread and transmission to naive hosts. Factors controlling the biogenesis of these two distinct forms of the virus in infected humans are not understood. Here we characterize vectorial release of quasi-enveloped virions from polarized epithelial cell cultures and provide evidence that bile acids strip membranes from eHAV following its secretion into the biliary tract. These results enhance our understanding of the life cycle of this unusual picornavirus.
Abstract P145: Immuno-neutralization of Endogenous Ouabain Lowers Blood Pressure in Angiotensin II-dependent Models

Circulating angiotensin II (Ang II) activates the brain RAAS. The activated brain RAAS increases sympathetic drive and elevates plasma endogenous ouabain (EO). Increased heart rate and vascular constriction as a result of increased sympathetic nerve activity are widely recognized, but the functional significance of the high EO, when Ang II is elevated, is unknown. We employed DigiFab, fab fragments that bind, and selectively immuno-neutralize ouabain, to determine its acute and chronic effects on BP (telemetry) in two rodent models with elevated Ang II: 1. Normal mice infused with Ang II (350 ng/kg/min; sc minipump) and fed high salt (HS; 4% NaCl) to raise BP; and 2. Normal rats fed low salt (LS; 0.04% NaCl) to activate the peripheral RAAS. CroFab, which immuno-neutralizes crotalus toxin, was used to control for protein and excipients. Neither acute DigiFab nor CroFab (10-40 mg/kg ip) lowered mean daytime BP (MBP) in control mice fed a normal salt (0.4% NaCl) diet. Both Ang II+HS and LS elevated plasma EO (from 0.07±0.09 to 1.30±0.71, n =8, and from 0.21±0.05 to 0.70±0.19 nM, n =8, respectively, both P P n =8) at 16 days. Acute DigiFab treatment (10 mg/kg, ip injection at 0 and 4 hrs) reversibly lowered MBP to 112 ± 2 mm Hg ( P n =8) reversibly lowered MBP (125 ± 2 mm Hg, P P n =6), whereas CroFab (10 mg/kg, ip at 0 and 4 hrs) did not in the same animals (MBP = 106 ± 1 mm Hg). Conclusion: Increased circulating EO augments the elevation of BP in Ang II+HS hypertension, and also helps to sustain BP during salt restriction. EO is a previously unrecognized functional component of the physiological and pathological actions of Ang II.
Impact of Baseline Renal Function on Transfusion-Independence Response, Survival, and Transformation to Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Patients with Deletion 5q: A Sub-Analysis of the MDS-003 Study

Introduction: Lenalidomide reduced transfusion requirements and reversed cytologic and cytogenetic abnormalities in patients who have myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with the chromosome 5q31 deletion del(5q)] (List et al., NEJM 2006). Dose-adjusted lenalidomide is safe and effective in MDS patients with del(5q) and severe renal impairment (Knop et al., Leuk Lymph 2008), but the impact of baseline renal function on outcomes has not been specifically studied. This MDS-003 clinical trial sub-analysis investigates the impact of baseline renal function on the transfusion-independence (TI) response, overall survival, and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: Transfusion-dependent, Low/Int-1-risk patients with primary MDS and del(5q) with/without additional cytogenetic abnormalities were treated with lenalidomide 10 mg daily for 21 days every 28 days. Patients were treated until disease progression, treatment failure, or treatment-limiting adverse events. This sub-analysis included patients with normal renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl] >80 mL/min) and patients with mild (CrCl 50–80 mL/min), moderate (30–50 mL/min), or severe renal impairment (CrCl Results: Of 148 patients enrolled in the study, 70 patients had normal renal function and 70 patients had renal impairment (47 mild, 19 moderate and 4 severe impairment; with renal data missing for 8 patients). The TI response was 44/70 (63%) for patients with normal renal function and 48/70 (69%) for patients with impaired renal function (P=0.47). In the subcategories, the TI responses were 79%, 53% and 25% for mild, moderate and severe impairment, respectively (P=0.07, P=0.42 and P=0.13 vs. normal function). Renal impairment resulted in shorter median overall survival compared with no renal impairment (hazard ratio of 2.88, 95% confidence interval, 2.24–3.45). The transformation to AML rate was 19% for normal patients and 20% for patients with renal impairment. Conclusion: In this analysis, baseline renal function does not have a significant impact on achieving transfusion independence or transformation to AML. Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment had a shorter survival than patients with normal renal function.
Invited talks: Inkjet-/3D-/4D-printed paper/polymer-based “green” mmW modules: The final step to bridge cognitive intelligence, nanotechnology and RF for IoT and 5G applications

In this talk, inkjet-/3D-printed flexible antennas, RF electronics and sensors fabricated on paper and other polymer (e.g. LCP) substrates are introduced as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of Millimeter-Wave Modules for Communication, Energy Harvesting and Sensing applications. Prof. Tentzeris will briefly touch up the state-of-the-art area of fully-integrated wireless sensor modules on paper or flexible LCP and show the first ever 2D sensor integration with an RFID tag module on paper, as well as numerous 3D and 4D multilayer paper-based and LCP-based RF/microwave structures, that could potentially set the foundation for the truly convergent wireless sensor ad-hoc networks of the future with enhanced cognitive intelligence and “rugged” packaging. Prof. Tentzeris will discuss issues concerning the power sources of “near-perpetual” RF modules, including flexible miniaturized batteries as well as power-scavenging approaches involving thermal, EM, vibration and solar energy forms. The final step of the presentation will involve examples from mmW wearable (e.g. biomonitoring) antennas and RF modules, as well as the first examples of the integration of inkjet-printed nanotechnology-based (e.g. CNT) sensors on paper and organic substrates for Internet of Things (IoT), 5G and autonomous vehicles applications. It has to be noted that the talk will review and present challenges for inkjet-printed organic active and nonlinear devices as well as future directions in the area of environmentally-friendly (“green”) RF electronics and “smart-skin” conformal sensors.
Vertical Movements of Juvenile Sablefish in Coastal Southeast Alaska

AbstractDiel vertical migration is commonly associated with pelagic fish species, but demersal fishes may also undertake vertical movements while managing foraging tradeoffs during their vulnerable juvenile stage. We examined fine-scale vertical movements of age-0 juvenile Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria to better understand behavioral patterns that may affect their survival in nearshore habitats. Thirteen juvenile Sablefish (mean FL = 241.9 mm) were implanted with acoustic transmitters and were monitored by use of two acoustic receivers from October 5 to November 14, 2003, within St. John Baptist Bay, Baranof Island, Alaska. The six fish that remained within range of the receivers spent the majority of their time near the bottom but made periodic vertical excursions. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to determine the relationships between excursion frequency and the tidal stage and diel period. For all Sablefish, variation in excursion frequency was related to date and diel period, with the ...
Myeloid-derived cells in prostate cancer progression: phenotype and prospective therapies

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in men in the United States. As is the case for other tumor types, accumulating evidence suggests an important role for myeloid-derived cells in the promotion and progression of prostate cancer. Here, we briefly describe myeloid-derived cells that interact with tumor cells and what is known about their immune suppressive function. We next discuss new evidence for tumor cell-mediated myeloid infiltration via the PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway and an alternative mechanism for immune evasion that may be regulated by an endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Finally, we discuss several interventions that target myeloid-derived cells to treat prostate cancer.
Effect of in Vivo Deuteration on Structure of Switchgrass Lignin

Biomass deuteration is an effective engineering method that can be used to provide key insights into understanding of biomass recalcitrance and the complex biomass conversion process. In this study, production of deuterated switchgrass was accomplished by growing the plants in 50% D2O under hydroponic conditions in a perfusion chamber. Cellulolytic enzyme lignin was isolated from deuterated switchgrass, characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and compared with its protiated control sample to determine the effect of in vivo deuteration on the chemical structure of lignin. FTIR results showed that D2O can be taken up by the roots and transported to the leaves, and deuterium was subsequently incorporated into hydroxyl and alkyl groups in the plant and its lignin through photosynthesis. According to GPC results, deuterated lignin had slightly higher molecular weight, presumably due to isotope effects. 31P and heteronuclear s...
Chemical physics of water

There is hardly any aspect of our lives that is not profoundly influenced by water. From climate to commerce and agriculture to health, water shapes our physical environment, regulates the major energy exchanges that determine climate on Earth, and is the matrix that supports the physical and chemical processes of life as we know it (1). The chemistry and physics of water, which underlie all of its uses, its necessity for life, its effects on other molecules and on the environment, are very active areas of research at the present time. So, why is this? Surprisingly, there are major gaps in knowledge and understanding that persist despite this substance’s ubiquity and central importance. This Special Feature on the Chemical Physics of Water contains 10 articles and aims to be a representative cross-section of current frontier research in this field. Articles include both Perspectives and original research contributions. The pioneering paper by Bernal and Fowler dealing with the chemical physics of water appeared in 1933 (2). It focused on understanding the anomalous properties of water and its ionic solutions from a molecular perspective, inspired by the newly minted quantum mechanical theory of electronic structure. Since that time, theory and computer simulation have become established as essential complements to laboratory experiments in unraveling the crucial role of water in an array … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: pdebene{at}princeton.edu or mike.klein{at}temple.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Clinical Considerations of Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of liver dysfunction and the most common cause of acute liver failure (ALF) ( Weiler et al., 2015 ). It is the leading reason for aborted drug development and drug withdrawal from the market ( Navarro and Senior, 2006 ; Senior, 2007 ). Increasingly, herbal and dietary supplements are being recognized as a substantial cause of liver injury ( Chalasani et al., 2015 ). DILI is classified as cholestatic, hepatocellular, or mixed based on the R -value, which is calculated from the relative elevations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase. The clinical presentation can mimic all forms of acute and chronic hepatobiliary diseases. DILI is usually a diagnosis of exclusion and, although several offending agents have a characteristic signature pattern of injury, some drugs cause different patterns of injury in different individuals. Age and gender appear to influence the pattern of injury, with patients older than 60 more likely to develop a cholestatic pattern of injury and women more prone to develop the hepatocellular phenotype or ALF ( Hussaini and Farrington, 2014 ; Lucena et al ., 2009 ). An ALT level of > 3 × ULN (upper limit of normal) is a sensitive signal for liver toxicity. An ALT elevation of > 8–10 × ULN or an ALT level of > 3 × ULN accompanied by a bilirubin level of > 2 × ULN are more specific predictors of the risk of ALF. An observation by the late Hyman Zimmerman, colloquially known as Hy's law, states that drug-induced hepatitis accompanied by a bilirubin level > 3 × ULN, in the absence of biliary obstruction and Gilbert's syndrome, is associated with a mortality of approximately 10%. Some drugs cause elevations in serum aminotransferases but rarely, if ever, cause jaundice ( Singhal et al ., 2014 ; Harrill et al ., 2012 ). Treatment options for DILI are limited. Therefore, emphasis is placed on prevention and recognition of DILI early in the course of treatment. When feasible, the offending agent should be stopped. In cases of suspected acetaminophen or sodium valproate overdose, N -acetylcysteine or IV carnitine, respectively, should be administered.
Meta-analysis of coefficient alpha for scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) has greatly facilitated the scientific study of trait narcissism. However, there is great variability in the reported reliability of scores on the NPI. This study meta-analyzes coefficient alpha for scores on the NPI and its sub-scales (e.g. entitlement) with transformed alphas weighted by the inverse of the variance of alpha. Three coders evaluated 1213 individual studies for possible inclusion and determined that 1122 independent samples were suitable for coding on 12 different characteristics of the sample, scale, and study. A fourth author cross-coded 15 percent of these samples resulting in 85 percent overall agreement. In the independent samples, comprised of 195,038 self-reports, the expected population coefficient alpha for the NPI was .82. The population value for alpha on the various sub-scales ranged from .48 for narcissistic self-sufficiency to .76 for narcissistic leadership/authority. Because significant heterogeneity existed in coded study alphas for the overall NPI, moderator tests and an explanatory model were also conducted and reported. It was found that longer scales, the use of a Likert response scale as opposed to the original forced choice response format, higher mean scores and larger standard deviations on the scale, as well as the use of samples with a larger percentage of female respondents were all positively related to the expected population alpha for scores on the overall NPI. These results will likely aid researchers who are concerned with the reliability of scores on the NPI in their research on non-clinical subjects.
Advancing conceptualisation of university entrepreneurial ecosystems: The role of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial firms

University entrepreneurial ecosystems are increasingly important in facilitating innovation and entrepreneurial opportunities in today’s knowledge-based economies. However, we have an incomplete understanding of the demand side of university entrepreneurial ecosystems regarding the role of the entrepreneurial firm as the key user of university knowledge. We propose that use of university knowledge positively influences entrepreneurial firm performance and that the entrepreneurial firm’s resources and capabilities facilitate its ability to create value from university knowledge. We test our hypotheses on survey data of 3853 knowledge-intensive entrepreneurial firms from 10 European countries. Our study contributes to an increased understanding of the economic, societal and technological contributions of universities by empirically illustrating the role of firm resources and capabilities as moderators of value in university entrepreneurial ecosystems.
How conversational ties are formed in an online community: a social network analysis of a tweet chat group

This paper examines the generative processes underlying the conversational network structure of a tweet chat community (#dsma, ‘Diabetes Social Media Advocacy’). Taking a relational perspective to ...
Surgical extraction of a delayed symptomatic polymethylmethacrylate cement pulmonary embolism: A case report and discussion of surgical therapy

Pulmonary cement embolization (PCE) is a rare but significant complication of vertebroplasty surgery. The management of this process is not well studied and depends on the extent and duration of symptoms. Here, a case of 68-year-old woman is presented who was found to have a symptomatic PCE involving the left main pulmonary artery 9 months after a kyphoplasty surgery was performed with polymethylmethacrylate. She was successfully managed surgically by the left main pulmonary embolectomy with complete symptomatic resolution postoperatively. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Patient care, Medical knowledge.
The mysterious desert dwellers: Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii, causative fungal agents of coccidioidomycosis

The genus Coccidioides consists of two species: C. immitis and C. posadasii. Prior to 2000, all disease was thought to be caused by a single species, C. immitis. The organism grows in arid to semiarid alkaline soils throughout western North America and into Central and South America. Regions in the United States, with highest prevalence of disease, include California, Arizona, and Texas. The Mexican states of Baja California, Coahuila, Sonora, and Neuvo Leon currently have the highest skin test positive results. Central America contains isolated endemic areas in Guatemala and Honduras. South America has isolated regions of high endemicity including areas of Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil. Although approximately 15,000 cases per year are reported in the United States, actual disease burden is estimated to be in the hundreds of thousands, as only California and Arizona have dedicated public health outreach, and report and track disease reliably. In this review, we survey genomics, epidemiology, ecology, and summarize aspects of disease, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Quantum algorithm for the Vlasov equation

The Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations, which describes classical plasma physics, is extremely challenging to solve, even by numerical simulation on powerful computers. By linearizing and assuming a Maxwellian background distribution function, we convert the Vlasov-Maxwell system into a Hamiltonian simulation problem. Then for the limiting case of electrostatic Landau damping, we design and verify a quantum algorithm, appropriate for a future error-corrected universal quantum computer. While the classical simulation has costs that scale as $O({N}_{v}t)$ for a velocity grid with ${N}_{v}$ grid points and simulation time $t$, our quantum algorithm scales as $O[\text{polylog}({N}_{v})t/\ensuremath{\delta}]$ where $\ensuremath{\delta}$ is the measurement error, and weaker scalings have been dropped. Extensions, including electromagnetics and higher dimensions, are discussed. A quantum computer could efficiently handle a high-resolution, six-dimensional phase-space grid, but the $1/\ensuremath{\delta}$ cost factor to extract an accurate result remains a difficulty. This paper provides insight into the possibility of someday achieving efficient plasma simulation on a quantum computer.
Glycoprotein C of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Shields Glycoprotein B from Antibody Neutralization

Viruses have evolved strategies to avoid neutralization by the host antibody response. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein C (gC) functions in viral entry and binds to complement component C3b, inhibiting complement-mediated immunity. We investigated whether gC protects HSV from antibody neutralization. HSV-1 that lacks gC was more sensitive to complement-independent neutralization by a panel of gB monoclonal antibodies than a wild-type gC rescuant virus. The presence of gC decreased neutralization by 2- to 16-fold. The gB in the native envelope of HSV-1 had reduced reactivity with antibodies in comparison to gB from the gC-null virus, suggesting that gC hampers the recognition of gB epitopes in the viral particle. The protein composition of the gC-null virus, including the surface glycoproteins essential for entry, was equivalent to that of the wild type, suggesting that gC is directly responsible for the reduced antibody recognition and neutralization. The neutralizing activity of antibodies to gD and gH antibodies was also increased in HSV lacking gC. Together, the data suggest that HSV-1 gC protects the viral envelope glycoproteins essential for entry, including gB, by shielding them from neutralization as a potential mechanism of immune evasion.IMPORTANCE HSV-1 causes lifelong infection in the human population and can be fatal in neonatal and immunocompromised individuals. There is no vaccine or cure, in part due to the ability of HSV to escape the host immune response by various mechanisms. The HSV particle contains at least 15 envelope proteins, four of which are required for entry and replication. This work suggests a novel role for gC in shielding the HSV entry glycoproteins. gC may function to help HSV escape neutralization by antibodies.
Single-Incision Hysterectomy Outcomes With and Without Robotic Assistance.

Objective To evaluate the differences in operative time and postoperative complications for total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) performed using conventional laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) versus a robotic-assisted LESS approach. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of all cases of conventional LESS TLH (n = 47) and robotic LESS TLH (n = 129) for benign gynecologic conditions performed from November 2014 to October 2017. Patient characteristics, operative time for hysterectomy, estimated blood loss, duration of hospitalization, and short-term postoperative complications were compared using appropriate parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. Results Conventional LESS TLH cases had a 16.36-minute longer mean operative time for hysterectomy (P 100 g, conventional LESS TLH cases again had significantly greater operative time than the robotic LESS TLH cases (98.73 ± 50.16 minutes vs. 80.00 ± 42.97 minutes, P < .01). There was no difference in postoperative complications. Conclusion Robotic single-incision laparoscopy can result in decreased operative time compared to a conventional LESS approach. Robotic-assisted and conventional LESS are similar in rate of postoperative complications, if performed by surgeons with abundant LESS experience.
Real- Time Detection of Critical Generators in Power Systems: A Deep Learning HCP Approach

Assessment of power system transient stability is critical for a reliable continuous operation and to ensure none of the working generating units in the system go out of synchronism. Therefore, a fast and accurate surveillance of transient stability in power systems is necessary. This paper proposes a deep learning neural network framework that captures the phasor measurement unit (PMU) measurements and monitor the system transient stability in real-time. The proposed framework utilizes the convolutional neural network (CNN) with hypotheses CNN pooling (HCP) to identify the state of the system and detect the set of critical generators. The suggested CNN module for stability estimation and the robust HCP module for detecting critical generators through multi-label classification are tested on the IEEE lIS-bus test system, where different types of faults at different locations and under varying system load conditions are simulated. The test results verified that our proposed framework is fast and accurate, thereby a viable approach for online system monitoring applications.