cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bioelectromagnetic Uncertainty Analysis Using Geometrically Stochastic FDFD Method

In this work, a novel frequency-domain stochastic numerical method named the geometrically stochastic finite-difference frequency domain (GS-FDFD) is proposed to study the variation in electromagnetic fields caused by random geometric changes in the model. The delta method approximation is employed to extract the 1-D and 2-D GS-FDFD equations. Two bioelectromagnetic examples are studied. First, a 1-D multilayered body tissue with size variation is analyzed to calculate electromagnetic field variations. Second, the influence of size variation in a 2-D slice of an anatomical head model on specific absorption rate (SAR) is investigated. In both examples, the GS-FDFD results compare well with the benchmark Monte Carlo results.
Estimating Judicial Ideology

We review the substantial literature on estimating judicial ideology, from the US Supreme Court to the lowest state court. As a way to showcase the strengths and drawbacks of various measures, we further analyze trends in judicial polarization within the US federal courts. Our analysis shows substantial gaps in the ideology of judges appointed by Republican Presidents versus those appointed by Democrats. Similar to trends in Congressional polarization, the increasing gap is mostly driven by a rightward movement by judges appointed by Republicans. We conclude by noting important avenues for future research in the study of the ideology of judges.
Strategies to Integrate Genomic Medicine into Clinical Care: Evidence from the IGNITE Network.

The complexity of genomic medicine can be streamlined by implementing some form of clinical decision support (CDS) to guide clinicians in how to use and interpret personalized data; however, it is not yet clear which strategies are best suited for this purpose. In this study, we used implementation science to identify common strategies for applying provider-based CDS interventions across six genomic medicine clinical research projects funded by an NIH consortium. Each project’s strategies were elicited via a structured survey derived from a typology of implementation strategies, the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC), and follow-up interviews guided by both implementation strategy reporting criteria and a planning framework, RE-AIM, to obtain more detail about implementation strategies and desired outcomes. We found that, on average, the three pharmacogenomics implementation projects used more strategies than the disease-focused projects. Overall, projects had four implementation strategies in common; however, operationalization of each differed in accordance with each study’s implementation outcomes. These four common strategies may be important for precision medicine program implementation, and pharmacogenomics may require more integration into clinical care. Understanding how and why these strategies were successfully employed could be useful for others implementing genomic or precision medicine programs in different contexts.
Five new Pseudophialophora species from grass roots in the oligotrophic pine barrens ecosystem

During our recent survey of fungi in the oligotrophic pine barrens ecosystem, five new Pseudophialophora species, Pseudophialophora angusta, P. dichanthii, P. magnispora, P. tarda, and P. whartonensis, were uncovered from the roots of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and tapered rosette grass (Dichanthelium acuminatum). The five new fungal species are described based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequences of SSU, ITS, LSU, MCM7, RPB1, and TEF1 genes. The 6-locus phylogeny indicates that Pseudophialophora species form a monophyletic clade in Magnaporthaceae of Magnaporthales. A key for all described species in Pseudophialophora is provided, including these five and three previously published species. Distinctions among the new species and other related species are discussed. The plant-fungal interaction experiment indicates that P. angusta, Pseudophialophora eragrostis, P. magnispora, Pseudophialophora schzachyrii, P. tarda, and P. whartonensis have negative effects on the growth of switchgrass. Runner hyphae were observed from the inoculated switchgrass roots, which are typical structures of root-infecting pathogens.
Electrogenic characteristics of the mitochondrial glutamate-aspartate antiporter.

Abstract Rat liver mitochondria were loaded with aspartate by treating glutamate-loaded mitochondria with oxalacetate. Aspartate efflux was initiated by addition of extramitochondrial glutamate and was accompanied by the uptake of an equivalent amount of glutamate and protons. Proton uptake, however, did not occur in the presence of an uncoupling agent, and net transport of aspartate was facilitated by the presence of a source of energy from the oxidation of ascorbate and tetramethylphenylenediamine. In the absence of uncoupling agents or a source of energy, exchange of aspartate for glutamate resulted in acidification of the mitochondrial matrix and efflux of an equivalent amount of potassium. The data indicate that exchange of aspartate and glutamate across the mitochondrial membrane is an electrogenic process. The most plausible model is one in which a neutral glutamate-carrier complex transports glutamate from outside the mitochondria to inside. The aspartate-carrier complex formed on the inner surface of the mitochondrial membrane should then be negatively charged and transport of the anionic carrier-aspartate complex would be facilitated by an electrical potential across the mitochondrial membrane.
Tourism politics and political science: A case of not so benign neglect

Abstract Tourism is today the second largest item of world trade. It is a source of bitter controversy and yet a topic of intense regional collaboration in both international and sub-national politics. It is a policy area infused with the most optimistic projections and the most vitriolic criticism. It is also almost totally ignored by political science. This paper presents a case for examining the politics of tourism by illustrating its intrinsic relevance to nearly every facet of the discipline. The paper also argues that in the absence of political science interest, important dimensions of the political costs and advantages of tourism have been neglected. As a consequence, the developmental potential of tourism has frequently collided unnecessarily with the public interest and even the long-run interests of the tourism industry.
Axial Variations in the Magnetic Field of Superconducting Dipoles

Periodic variations in the field along the axis have been observed in a large number of superconducting dipoles. Both long and short versions of the SSC magnet have been examined as well as prototypes for the RHIC accelerator and coils from the CBA and ISABELLE projects. This field oscillation is present in all the components of the field. The period of the longitudinal pattern was found to match the conductor transposition length over a wide range of pitches. The amplitude of variation increases with time spent at high field and its decay has a complex time dependance. Unbalanced currents in the individual strands of the cable appear to be the cause of this effect and may also give rise to the unusually high sextupole drift observed near injection field in most dipoles.
Response to Li et al.

To the Editor: We would like to thank Li et al. “Pancreatic cancer in patients with recently diagnosed chronic pancreatitis” (1) for their interest and comments on our article. Unlike previous studies that were studying the long-term risk of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) in patients with chronic pancreatitis, our study focuses on short-term risk of PaCa following a new diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP). In our data set, we observed an excess risk of PaCa in first 3 years following a new diagnosis of CP. To make sure that the base line risk of PaCa in patients with pre-existing CP in our patients is not artifactually higher due to excess of PaCa patients misdiagnosed as CP, we used a 3-year cutoff after new diagnosis of CP to define pre-existing CP. With regard to the issue about the history of smoking and alcoholism raised by Li et al., we believe that these do not apply to our article as those are pertinent only to the long-term risk of PaCa in patients with CP. Our study evaluated the risk of PaCa misdiagnosed as CP. We believe that patients without risk factors for CP such as smoking and alcohol intake have lower likelihood of CP, and hence are more likely to have a PaCa that is misdiagnosed as CP. In the recent study by Bang et al. (2) using Swedish registry, the short term-risk of PaCa was higher in patients with nonalcoholic CP (and not in those with alcoholic CP) most likely due to a higher proportion of misdiagnosis of PaCa patients as CP.
Laser attacks against aircraft: Past, present and future

Laser interference attacks on aircraft, air traffic control towers and law enforcement officers have grown significantly over the last few years and pose serious risks to aviation security and safety. In this paper we review the history and present status of the problem. We also examine the use of nanostructured materials and metamaterials for the development of transparent, ultra-thin optical filters for laser protection in aviation.
Alternative matrices for therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive agents using LC–MS/MS

Immunosuppressive drugs used in solid organ transplants typically have narrow therapeutic windows and high intra- and intersubject variability. To ensure satisfactory exposure, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) plays a pivotal role in any successful posttransplant maintenance therapy. Currently, recommendations for optimum immunosuppressant concentrations are based on blood/plasma measurements. However, they introduce many disadvantages, including poor prediction of allograft survival and toxicity, a weak correlation with drug concentrations at the site of action and the invasive nature of the sample collection. Thus, alternative matrices have been investigated. This paper reviews tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods used for the quantification of immunosuppressant drugs utilizing nonconventional matrices, namely oral fluids, fingerprick blood and intracellular and intratissue sampling. The advantages, disadvantages and clinical application of such alternative mediums are discussed. Additionally, sample extraction techniques and basic chromatography information regarding these methods are presented in tabulated form.
Local and Global Governance and the Challenge of Heterogeneity: Revisiting the Agenda and its Implications for Institutional Theory

The paper argues that if followed consistently, the logic intrinsic to the agenda defined by Local Commons and Global Interdependence is leading to a unique brand of institutionalism, a research program dealing systematically with the theoretical, empirical and normative problems of heterogeneity and its consequence, institutional diversity. The paper starts by revisiting the insights emerging from the empirical study of the impact of heterogeneity on collective action and governance. The crucial conclusion is that the findings are ambiguous as heterogeneity may both facilitate and impede collective action, in function of circumstances and situational logic. That explains why no general theory of collective action is possible: The situational logic circumstances require an approach that goes beyond the simple and global and deals with complex, interactive and conditional “theoretical scenarios”. These findings have momentous implications as they invite a rethinking of institutional theory on the pluralist lines opened by Ostrom and Keohane, in a radical departure from the mainstream approach built around homogeneity, “normalization” and “consensus” assumptions. Keohane’s and Ostrom’s works show that it is both necessary and possible to deal constructively with situations in which homogeneity and “consensus” are not assumed, existent or anticipated. The IR and local governance situations studied by them in depth, demonstrate the institutional complexity and diversity of possible answers to the problems of governance in conditions of interdependent heterogeneity. In all this, Keohane’s and Ostrom’s views converge with a new and innovative agenda advanced in social philosophy and political theory: the study of the problem of governance and social order in circumstances of deep heterogeneity, that lack consensus or convergence of preferences, beliefs or information. The paper elaborates the contours of the emerging perspective by pointing out the measure in which Ostrom’s and Keohane’s work fits into and provides a core analytical and empirical dimension to this agenda.
Formation of adatom density gratings on a substrate by channeling an atomic beam through a pulsed laser standing wave under a completely off-resonant condition

Summary form only given. We show that a microsecond laser standing wave with much higher electric fields has the same focusing power as a cw laser standing wave at near resonance condition. We further propose an experimentally practical setup that implements such a concept and show that even with a transversely uncooled atomic beam, we should be able to produce adatom density gratings on a substrate with good contrast ratios. We expect the findings to be applicable to all atoms and atomic clusters.
EFFECT OF LIPASE INGESTION ON BLOOD LIPID LEVELS.

SummarySupplements of lipase were given with test fat meals to human subjects and dogs to determine the effect on blood lipid levels. Optical densities and hence lipid levels of the blood plasmas were lowered in all subjects when sufficient lipase was ingested. EFA and triglyceride determinations confirmed this measurement of the decrease in blood lipid levels. Human subjects with lower fasting OD values and EFA levels appeared to require more lipase to obtain this effect. Blood cholesterol values of normal subjects were not affected, nor was that of an hyperlinemic subject during a 4-week test period. The lowered blood lipid levels after lipase in-gestion may be accounted for in part by an effect on rate of fat absorption. The lowered levels appear to be the result of extension of the absorptive period over a longer time interval. In all the human subjects, serum lipase values were elevated when blood lipid levels were lowered. The association of elevated blood lipase levels with decreased blood lipids s...
Singer's typewriter and mine: reflections on Jewish culture

The attitudes, ideologies and sundry practices surrounding language have always interested readers of this journal, but normally as paraphernalia of functioning languages. Cults to dead or dying la...
Predictors of Salivary Fistulas in Patients Undergoing Salvage Total Laryngectomy

Background. Salivary fistula is a common complication after salvage total laryngectomy. Previous studies have not considered the number of layers of pharyngeal closure and have not classified fistulas according to severity. Our objective was to analyze our institutional experience with salvage total laryngectomy, categorize salivary fistulas based on severity, and study the effect of various pharyngeal closure techniques on fistula incidence. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 48 patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy, comparing pharyngeal closure technique and use of a pectoralis major flap with regard to salivary fistula rate. Fistulas were categorized into major and minor fistulas based on whether operative intervention was required. Results. The major fistula rate was 18.8% (9/48) and the minor fistula rate was 29.2% (14/48). The overall (major plus minor) fistula rate was 47.9%. The overall fistula and major fistula rates decreased with increasing the number of closure layers and with use of a pectoralis major flap; however, these correlations did not reach statistical significance. Other than age, there were no clinicopathologic variables associated with salivary fistulas. Conclusion. For salvage total laryngectomies, increasing the number of closure layers or use of a pectoralis major flap may reduce the risk of salivary fistula.
Stability of US petroleum refinery response to relative product prices

Abstract The stability of the response of petrol's share of petroleum product mix to changes in petroleum product prices is investigated in this paper by using the Cooley and Prescott varying parameter technique on US data. A significant response to changes in product prices is found. When the price of petrol increased by 1% its share of product mix increased by over 0.08%, while increases in residual and distillate fuel oil prices decreased petrol's share. This response was found to be stable from 1936 to 1976, with the war years excluded. Thus the USA, with ample cracking and downstream conversion capacity, has been able to respond consistently to the variations in product prices. Although the model proved stable, less precise and less elastic estimates when the period 1974–76 was included, suggest less consistent responses under conditions of large price changes, heavier crude oils, increased unleaded petrol production, and crude oil shortages.
Automated Techniques for Surviving (Otherwise) Fatal Software Errors

We present a set of automated techniques that enable software systems to survive otherwise fatal errors such as memory leaks, infinite loops, and addressing errors.
Separation and identification of carbazole, benz[e]indole and benz[g]indole in coal-derived materials

Abstract Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (N-PAC) are generally found in products of coal utilization from processes such as liquefaction, gasification, combustion and coking. Carbazole, a three-ring pyrrole compound, is typically one of the major N-PAC components. In studying the chemical composition of the pyrrolic-PAH isolate of a solvent-refined coal (SRC) liquid, other isomers of carbazole ( m z 167) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. From subsequent analyses, carbazole and two additional C12H9N pyrrolic isomers have been identified: 1H-benz[g]indole and 3H-benz[e]indole. Isolation of the three C12H9N isomers was achieved by an integrated separation method using adsorption, liquid and gas chromatography. Molecular structures and elemental compositions were determined by highresolution mass spectrometry, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Carbazole, 1H-benz[g]indole and 3H-benz[e]indole were identified in a SRC distillate liquid and a commercial creosote oil.
Positive discrimination contrast with delay of reward or low drive

In the present study, six groups of 10 albino rats each were given differential conditioning training in parallel alleys differing only in brightness. The results showed a positive S+ contrast effect when 20-sec delay of reinforcement or lowered drive (12-h deprivation) were used to lower responding, but a negative S+ contrast effect when subjects received both immediate reinforcement and 23-h deprivation. No present theory can adequately explain both effects.
Comments on possible “B-site” disorder in A15 (β-W type) compounds

Abstract In a recent paper evidence for “preferential B -site disorder” in A15 compounds was presented. It can be shown, however, that the data in this paper lead to serious disagreements between predicted and observed phase compositions. Thus, the methods used are of doubtful validity and it is suggested that a more accurate knowledge of the phase compositions is needed.
Configuration interaction effects in rotational bands of superdeformed nuclei

Abstract A study of rotational bands in superdeformed minima is made within the context of cranking Hamiltonian with pairing. The calculations are carried out using many-body wave functions having good particle number. The wave functions are described in detail. The approach is applied to the strongly populated superdeformed band in 192Hg. It is found that the number projected cranking solutions give too large transition energies in this rotational band starting at moderate angular momenta. This deficiency is alleviated considerably with a configuration interaction calculation.
Superconductivity and magnetism in the Heusler alloys MPd2Pb (M=rare earth, Th, and U).

We report on an investigation of superconductivity and magnetism in the series of compounds {ital M}Pd{sub 2}Pb ({ital M}=rare earth, Th, U) through measurements of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and lattice parameters. Both single crystals and polycrystalline samples were studied. The compound UPd{sub 2}Pb was examined for possible heavy-fermion behavior, and found to exhibit antiferromagnetic order below {ital T}=35 K. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Trade-offs in the family: sibling effects on daughters' activities in 1910.

This paper uses the 1910 Census Public Use Sample to examine how the presence and activities of key family members shaped the labor force activity, domestic work, and schooling of working-age daughters. There is no evidence that daughters worked to send their brothers to school; parents practiced a more egalitarian distribution of resources than the literature suggests. Having brothers and sisters in school increased a daughter’s odds of attending school herself. Similarly, daughters with employed siblings were more likely to be gainfully employed. Nonetheless, parents allocated activities to sons and daughters in ways that reinforced traditional gender roles. Working brothers increase daughters’ likelihood of working in the home, while reducing their odds of attending school.
Relational hierarchies in Optimality Theory: The case of syllable contact

A number of phonological laws require adjacent elements to stand a certain distance apart from each other on some prominence scale. For example, according to the Syllable Contact Law, the greater the sonority slope between the coda and the following onset, the better. Languages such as Faroese, Icelandic, Sidamo, Kazakh and Kirghiz select different thresholds for an acceptable sonority slope. This article proposes a theory for deriving hierarchies of relational constraints such as the Syllable Contact Law from prominence scales in the constraint set CON in Optimality Theory. The proposal is compared to two alternative approaches, non-hierarchical constraints and the local conjunction of constraint hierarchies, which are argued to make undesirable empirical and theoretical predictions.
Impact Testing of Stainless Steel Material at Room and Elevated Temperatures

Stainless steels are used for the construction of numerous spent nuclear fuel or radioactive material containers that may be subjected to high strains and moderate strain rates during accidental drop events. Mechanical characteristics of these base materials and their welds under dynamic loads in the strain rate range of concern are not well documented. However, three previous papers [1, 2, 3] reported on impact testing and analysis results performed at the Idaho National Laboratory using 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel base material specimens that began the investigation of these characteristics. The goal of the work presented herein is to add the results of additional tensile impact testing for 304/304L and 316/316L stainless steel material specimens. Utilizing a drop-weight impact test machine and 1/4-inch to 1/2-inch thick dog-bone shaped test specimens, additional tests achieved target strain rates of 5, 10, and 22 per second at room temperature, 300, and 600 degrees Fahrenheit. Elevated true stress-strain curves for these materials at each designated strain rate and temperature are presented herein.
Microcode support software for the Modular Computer System

This paper describes the microprogramming support software tools used to implement and verify microprograms for the Modular Computer System (MCS) at IBM-Owego, NY. The concept of emulating various existing machine language instruction sets to form a "multinative architecture" is the cornerstone of the MCS. Powerful, reliable, and economical microprogramming tools had to be developed to facilitate the large microprogramming effort involved in emulating multiple architectures on the MCS. This paper discusses the software technology behind the microprogramming support software tools (Assembler, Linkage Editor, Computer Logic Diagram Generator, and Simulator) developed for the MCS and analyzes their performance and results.
A digital testbed for FREEDM system development

In this paper, a notional Future Renewable Electric Energy Delivery and Management (FREEDM) system has been developed based on a real distribution feeder. The goal is to develop a digital testbed which can be used to show capabilities of this system, and to help the development of especially the new system components and the control schemes for this system. Two digital testbeds have been developed, one to represent the small scale green hub that will be realized in the center's test facilities at North Carolina State University and the other is a more detailed notional system that can be used for large scale system level analysis and design.
Monohalo-tridentate nickel(II) complexes. Part II

Abstract Several monohalo-tridentate nickel(II) complexes were prepared where the halo group is chloro or bromo and the tridentate is a Schiff base adduct of unsymm-N,N,-dimethyl and N,N-diethyl-ethylenediamine and one of the following β-dicarbonyl compounds: a derivative of a β-dicarbonyl compound (RCOCHR′COR″; R = CH3,R″ = H,R′ = C2H5OCO or CH3CO; R = R″ = CH3, R′ = C6H5; R = C6H5, R′ = H, R″ = CH3 or C6H5), a derivative of a 2-acylphenol (o-R-C6H4)H; R = H, CH3, or C6H5), 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 1-hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone, or 2-propio-1,3-indanedione. Only the acetylacetone derivatives which contained electron withdrawing groups (C6H5, CH3CO, C2H5OCO) produced the nickel(II) chelates. According to spectral and magnetic data, the normal structure of the complexes is square-planar. Some of the chelates reversibly formed stable hydrates.
Comparison of adipose glycerol kinase of hyperglycemic obese mice and lean litter-mates.

Glycerol kinase activity found in the epididymal adipose tissue of lean litter-mates of hyperglycemic obese mice exhibits two distinct Km values. The Km(s) obtained graphically by a Hoftsee plot are 40 and 637 μm. The glycerol kinase of obese mice showed 29 times more total activity per fat pad or 9 times more activity per mg of protein as compared to that of the lean controls. The increased glycerol kinase activity found in the obese mice predominantly exhibited low Km value. Increase in the activity with the high Km value was minimal. The apparent molecular weight of adipose glycerol kinase is approximately 60,000–65,000. A higher activity of glycerol kinase in the epididymal adipose tissue of the obese mice (ob/ob) has been reported by Treble and Mayer 1. The significance of this increased enzyme in obesity2 has been investigated by many investigators3–6, using either whole epididymal fat pad or isolated fat cells as the source of glycerol kinase. However, little is known regarding the properties of this enzyme, and even the characterization of the liver glycerol kinase is not yet complete7, 8. We have recently shown that adipose glycerol kinase of Sprague-Dawly rat and of Swiss mice exhibit two Km values, and the apparent molecular weight is approximately 55,000–60,0009. The present study was undertaken in order to establish whether the enzyme in ob/+ mice also exhibits two Km values and if so, whether the activity associated with both Km(s) is increased. We found that the specific conditions for enzyme activity determination and the basis on which the activity is expressed are quantitatively important in clarifying the difference in glycerol kinase activity of ob/ob and ob/+ mice. The increased activity in ob/ob mice is predominantly the low Km enzyme, and the apparent molecular weight is approximately 60,000–65,000.
Influence of ethyl acetate and alkyl phosphate adsorption on the frictional properties of VC(100)

This report presents ultrahigh vacuum measurements of the frictional properties of the non-polar (100) surface of vanadium carbide (VC) as a function of the room temperature uptake and reaction of ethyl acetate, triethyl phosphate, and trimethyl phosphate. Atomic force microscopy, employing a silicon nitride probe tip, has been used to determine the changes in friction and interfacial adhesion as a function of adsorbate uptake. Changes in surface morphology have been monitored with scanning tunneling microscopy while the composition of the surface species formed through the reaction of these adsorbates with the VC surface has been determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Adsorption and reaction of ethyl acetate leads to an increase in friction with little change in interfacial adhesion. The adsorption and reaction of triethyl phosphate and trimethyl phosphate have no influence on either the friction or adhesion properties of VC. The observed results are discussed in terms of the surface chemical composition, the extent of surface coverage, and the molecular details of the adsorbed species.
Multi-compilation: capturing interactions among concurrently-executing applications

It is well known that while applying a compiler optimization to a large scope of code (e.g., an entire procedure or function) can bring larger benefits in return as compared to smaller scopes (e.g., a nested loop), code analysis and optimization at larger scopes are also more difficult to manage. As of today, the largest scope for a compiler optimization is an entire program source. However, as embedded chip multiprocessor architectures are finding their ways into commercial products, it is becoming important to consider the scenario of multiple applications executing on the same chip multiprocessor. This paper explores a novel technique called multi-compilation where multiple applications that are expected to be executed simultaneously on the same CMP (chip multiprocessor) are compiled together. The benefits of this approach include capturing the interactions amongst applications due to data sharing. While one can think of many potential optimizations that can work in an inter-application fashion exploiting data sharing across applications, we restrict ourselves in this paper to data layout optimization, which is the problem of determining the most suitable memory layout for array data. To demonstrate the impact of our contribution, we implemented our approach and performed a simulation-based study with several embedded applications. Our experimental results show that, by selecting the memory layouts of data arrays considering multiple applications at the same time, we can reduce cache misses by 18.7% and execution cycles by 13.1% on average.
Single-shot T1 mapping using simultaneous acquisitions of spin- and stimulated-echo-planar imaging (2D ss-SESTEPI).

The conventional stimulated-echo NMR sequence only measures the longitudinal component while discarding the transverse component, after tipping up the prepared magnetization. This transverse magnetization can be used to measure a spin echo, in addition to the stimulated echo. Two-dimensional single-shot spin- and stimulated-echo-planar imaging (ss-SESTEPI) is an echo-planar-imaging-based single-shot imaging technique that simultaneously acquires a spin-echo-planar image and a stimulated-echo-planar image after a single radiofrequency excitation. The magnitudes of the spin-echo-planar image and stimulated-echo-planar image differ by T1 decay and diffusion weighting for perfect 90° radiofrequency and thus can be used to rapidly measure T1. However, the spatial variation of amplitude of radiofrequency field induces uneven splitting of the transverse magnetization for the spin-echo-planar image and stimulated-echo-planar image within the imaging field of view. Correction for amplitude of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity is therefore critical for two-dimensional ss-SESTEPI to be used for T1 measurement. We developed a method for amplitude of radiofrequency field inhomogeneity correction by acquiring an additional stimulated-echo-planar image with minimal mixing time, calculating the difference between the spin echo and the stimulated echo and multiplying the stimulated-echo-planar image by the inverse functional map. Diffusion-induced decay is corrected by measuring the average diffusivity during the prescanning. Rapid single-shot T1 mapping may be useful for various applications, such as dynamic T1 mapping for real-time estimation of the concentration of contrast agent in dynamic contrast enhancement MRI. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Solid phase purification in automated DNA sequencing

A solid phase purification method has been utilized to investigate the effect of template DNA and other contaminants present in enzymatic DNA sequencing reactions upon data quality in automated DNA sequence analysis. The primer oligonucleotide is prepared with an internal biotin group and one of four fluorescent tags at the 5′ terminus. The fluorescently labeled DNA fragments produced in the sequencing reactions are separated from other reaction components, including template DNA, using superparamagnetic streptavidin beads. Template DNA and other reaction components may then be added back to the purified material to assess their effect upon sequence data. It is found that band intensity and base calling accuracy are decreased by the presence of the template DNA and other reaction components.
Long-term outcomes and toxicity of concurrent paclitaxel and radiotherapy for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer.

Purpose To report the long-term outcomes and toxicity of a regimen of infusion paclitaxel delivered concurrently with radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Patients and Methods Between 1995 and 1999, 35 patients with nonmetastatic, Stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with three cycles of paclitaxel as a 120-h continuous infusion beginning on Days 1, 21, and 42, concurrent with radiotherapy. The initial 16 patients received 105 mg/m2/cycle, and the subsequent 19 patients received 120 mg/m2/cycle. External beam radiotherapy was delivered to a dose of 70.2–72 Gy at five fractions weekly. Patients were followed to evaluate the disease outcomes and late toxicity of this regimen. Results The median follow-up for all patients was 56.5 months. The median survival was 56.5 months, and the median time to local recurrence was not reached. Of the 35 patients, 15 (43%) developed hypothyroidism. Of the 33 patients who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement, 11 were percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube dependent until death or their last follow-up visit. Also, 5 patients (14%) required a tracheostomy until death, and 3 (9%) developed a severe esophageal stricture. All evaluated long-term survivors exhibited salivary hypofunction. Fibrosis in the radiation field occurred in 24 patients (69%). Conclusion The results of our study have shown that concurrent chemoradiotherapy with a 120-h infusion of paclitaxel provides long-term local control and survival in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Xerostomia, hypothyroidism, esophageal and pharyngeal complications, and subcutaneous fibrosis were common long-term toxicities; however, the vast majority of toxicities were grade 1 or 2.
Patterns of sex pheromone release from adult females, and effects of air velocity and pheromone release rates on theoretical communication distances inTrogoderma glabrutm

By means of olfactory communication models, theoretical maximum communication distances for dispensers releasing synthetic (E)-14-methyl-8-hexadecenal (trogodermal) were confirmed in windtunnel tests withTrogoderma glabrum males. Pheromone release rates ofT. glabrum females are at least 104 greater during than before calling, and are gradually reduced after calling. The models predict that, even under ideal conditions, females may attract males from only several meters. The models are used to estimate active space lengths for female and synthetic pheromone sources, as a function of realistic release rates and wind velocities.
The classlessness state of criminology and why criminology without class is rather meaningless

Criminology has returned to a stage of development where class is no longer seen as a relevant theoretical or empirical concern. This state of classless criminology reflects the decline in radical scholarship over the past two decades and the absence of radical/Marxist critiques of criminology. Despite the neglect of class by criminologists, class remains an important construct for understanding the main issues of concern within criminology: crime, the construction of law, and justice. This article reviews the neglect of class analysis in contemporary criminology, and draws examples of the ways in which class remains an important consideration in the contemporary world where the world economy of capitalism dominates economic, social and political relations globally. In reviewing the neglect of class, examples are provided of contemporary areas of criminological research where class based theory and empirical work could alter what we know about crime. While orthodox criminology has long neglected class, new forms of critical criminology that emerged since 1990 have also promoted the neglect of class analysis.
Code compression for embedded systems

Memory is one of the most restricted resources in many modern embedded systems. Code compression can provide substantial savings in terms of size. In a compressed code CPU, a cache miss triggers the decompression of a main memory block, before it gets transferred to the cache. Because the code must be decompressible starting from any point (or at least at cache block boundaries), most file-oriented compression techniques cannot be used. We propose two algorithms to compress code in a space-efficient and simple to decompress way, one which is independent of the instruction set and another which depends on the instruction set. We perform experiments on true instruction sets, a typical RISC (MIPS) and a typical CISC (x86) and compare our results to existing file-oriented compression algorithms.
The Return of the Blue Unicorn

Berezney R. Kwang W.J. Nuclear Matrix, Structural and Functional Organization 1997 Academic Press San Diego, California 471 $69.00Carter C.W. Sweet R.M. Methods In Enzymology, Volume 276, Macromolecular Crystallography, Part A 1997 Academic Press San Diego, California 700 $99.00Choudhary M.I. Biological Inhibitors, Studies in Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 2 1996 Harwood Amsterdam 378 $150.00D'Alessio G. Riordan J.F. Ribonucleases, Structures and Functions 1997 Academic Press San Diego, California 670 $125.00Gall J.C. Views of the Cell, A Pictorial History 1996 American Society of Cell Biology 128 $29.00Gupta S. Cohen J.J. Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation VI, Cell Cycle and Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System (Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology, Vol. 406) 1996 Plenum Press New York 270 $85.00Hutchens T.W. Lonnerdal B. Lactoferrin, Interactions and Biological Functions 1997 Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey 408 $110.00Jowett T. Tissue In Situ Hybridization, Methods in Animal Development 1997 Wiley New York 128 $44.95Mann J. Crabbe M.J.C. Biomedical & Medicinal Chemistry Series, Bacteria and Antibacterial Agents 1997 University Science Books Sausalito, California 74 $21.50Mihich E. Housman D. Cancer Genes, Functional Aspects 1996 Plenum Press New York 286 $95.00National Research Council Laboratory Animal Management, Rodents 1996 National Academy Press Washington, D.C. 167 $24.95Parker S.P. Dictionary of Bioscience 1996 McGraw-Hill New York 511 $17.95Parker S.P. Dictionary of Physics 1996 McGraw-Hill New York 498 $16.95Parker S.P. Dictionary of Chemistry 1996 McGraw-Hill New York 454 $16.95Parker S.P. Dictionary of Earth Science 1997 McGraw-Hill New York 468 $17.95Webster G. Goodwin B. Form and Transformation, Generative and Relational Principles in Biology 1996 Cambridge University Press New York 287 $74.95
Information Technologies and Patient Safety

Advances in health information technology provide significant opportunities for improvements in surgical patient safety. The adoption and use of electronic health records can enhance communication along the surgical spectrum of care. Bar coding and radiofrequency identification technology are strategies to prevent retained surgical sponges and for tracking the operating room supply chain. Computerized intraoperative monitoring systems can improve the performance of the operating room team. Automated data registries collect patient information to be analyzed and used for surgical quality improvement.
An analytical procedure for predicting the response of constant-temperature hot-wire and film anemometers

The resolution of the three-dimensional character of flows using hot-wire/film techniques can be achieved using either single or multiple sensors. Usually, the anemometer response is measured in an unknown flow field, and with predetermined probe calibration data and known directional characteristics, the flow field can be determined. This paper introduces a method capable of predicting the constant-temperature anemometer response of any single wire or film probe in a known flow field. The method is also capable of predicting the probe response at any orientation once the response is known at another orientation. This method will prove particularly useful for checking probe calibration especially if drift is suspected. Voltage drift can be caused by a variety of problems including dirt and bubble formation on the sensor as well as probe aging. Having a mechanism to keep track of the signal will prove extremely useful in identifying external causes of voltage drift. The analysis presented in this paper provides such a mechanism and is shown to be valid for both the linearized and unlinearized signals. The validity of the analysis has been demonstrated by carrying out measurements in a water channel and at the axis of a circular pipe.
Poster: A Hidden Markov Model for Copy Number Variant prediction from Whole genome resequencing data

To achieve optimal power and resolution of detecting CNVs at low-depth coverage, we implemented a Hidden Markov Model that integrates both depth of coverage and mate-pair relationship. The novelty of our algorithm is that we infer the likelihood of carrying a deletion jointly from multiple mate pairs in a region without the requirement of a single mate pairs being obvious outliers. By integrating all useful information in a comprehensive model, our method is able to detect medium-size deletions (100–2000bp) at low depth-coverage (&#60;10× per sample). We applied the method to simulated data and demonstrate the power of detecting medium-size deletions is close to theoretical values.
Colony size estimates, foraging trends, and physiological characteristics of the Western subterranean termite (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae)

Colony size, foraging activity, foraging phenology, and selected physiological parameters were evaluated on colonies of the western subterranean termite, Reticulitermes hesperus Banks, in urban and undisturbed habitats. The greatest foraging activity occurred from May to October at the University of California, Riverside urban site, and from late November to January at the Motte–Rimrock natural study site. Foraging activity was related to minimum temperatures at the urban site, and minimum temperatures and precipitation at the undisturbed site. Foraging population was greater in the urban habitat, with estimates ranging from 85,752 to 830,581 foragers compared with 78,930 to 103,758 at the native site. Termites at the urban site had greater initial and dry body weights, but less body fat than their counterparts from undisturbed habitats. No difference in the cuticular permeabilities of termites occurred between locations.
Fluorescent Metal Nanoshells: Lifetime-Tunable Molecular Probes in Fluorescent Cell Imaging.

We reported the preparation of lifetime-tunable fluorescent metal nanoshells and used them as lifetime imaging agents for the potential detection of multiple target molecules by a single cell imagi...
Palladium-Modified Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Membranes

The reservoir method was applied to produce a continuous palladium (Pd) phase inside the porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) membranes. Thin porous YSZ membranes were prepared from YSZ suspension, and the pores were modified with Pd by the liquid-phase impregnation method. Helium permeation experiments showed that the pore size/porosity of the YSZ top layer decreases with the number of Pd impregnations. The number of helium permeation reductions was about three times for the four-time Pd-impregnated YSZ top layer. The Pd phase inside the suspension-derived YSZ layer became continuous after four Pd impregnations, which was confirmed by electrical conductivity measurements.
An analytical model for LDD drain structures

An approximate analytical model for short-channel IGFET (isolated-gate field-effect transistor) LDD structures in saturation is developed from a quasi-two-dimensional analysis under the assumption of a nonvanishing field derivative at the pinchoff point. The differences between this model and existing model are compared. It is suggested that the model is useful in determining the location of the pinchoff point, whereby the effect of channel-length modulation can be assessed. >
Adsorbed serum proteins responsible for surface dependent human macrophage behavior.

Substrate specific cellular responses are the result of a complex biological system that includes protein adsorption, receptor–ligand binding, and signal transduction. This investigation attempted to identify specific proteins adsorbed from human serum that may be responsible for the previously reported in vitro surface dependent behavior of human macrophages and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). The adsorption of human albumin, α2-macroglobulin, complement factor 3b, fibronectin, IgG, thrombospondin, vitronectin (VN), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) from a 25% serum solution was quantified with 125I-labeled protein. Adsorption substrates included clean glass, alkyl-silane modified glass, amino-silane modified glass, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-coupled glass, and the reference biomaterials poly(etherurethane urea), Silastic®, and poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). Following quantification of 2-h adsorption, surfaces were treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the level of adsorbed proteins remaining was quantified. The pre- and post-SDS adsorption were both compared to previously reported surface dependent in vitro macrophage and FBGC behavior on the same surfaces; however, no correlations could be made. Adsorption strength, defined as the percentage of initially adsorbed protein that remained adsorbed after SDS treatment, correlated well with previously reported in vitro cellular behavior indicating that adsorbed vWF, IgG, and VN may be involved in the modulation of adherent macrophage and FBGC behavior. Those surfaces that strongly adsorbed vWF also inhibited long-term macrophage adhesion, while those surfaces that strongly adsorbed IgG promoted long-term macrophage adhesion. In addition, the highest levels of FBGC formation had been observed only on those surfaces that strongly adsorbed VN. Subsequent human monocyte cultures on protein preadsorbed substrates confirmed the inhibitory effect of adsorbed vWF and the promoting effect of IgG on longterm macrophage adhesion as predicted by adsorption strength correlations. However, preadsorbed VN was not observed to modulate FBGC formation, which is in contrast to the conclusions of the adsorption correlations. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 49, 435–447, 2000.