cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transtracheal Aspiration: Guidelines for Safety

A four-year experience with transtracheal aspiration was reviewed in order to determine those patients at risk for developing life-threatening complications. One hundred procedures were performed by at least 20 different physicians trained according to an established protocol. Complications were limited to minimal subcutaneous emphysema in 19 percent (10/52), pneumomediastinum in 3 percent (3/93), and gross but self-limited hemoptysis in 1 percent (one patient); occasional unifocal premature ventricular contractions were noted in one patient. We conclude that patients not at risk of developing life-threatening complications from transtracheal aspiration can be identified. They (1) are able to cooperate and have a clearly identifiable and normal cricothyroid membrane. (2) have the procedure performed only by well-trained or supervised physicians, (3) have an arterial oxygen pressure of at least 70 mm Hg with administration of supplemental oxygen, and (4) have a prothrombin activity of at least 65 percent of the control value or a normal bleeding time or a platelet count of at least 100,090/ cu mm. To minimize, subcutaneous emphysema or pneumomediastinum, no patient should have therapy with intermittent positive-pressure breathing or any other procedure that might induce coughing for the subsequent 24 hours.
The Type I Hsp40 Ydj1 Utilizes a Farnesyl Moiety and Zinc Finger-like Region to Suppress Prion Toxicity

Type I Hsp40s are molecular chaperones that protect neurons from degeneration by modulating the aggregation state of amyloid-forming proteins. How Type I Hsp40s recognize β-rich, amyloid-like substrates is currently unknown. Thus, we examined the mechanism for binding between the Type I Hsp40 Ydj1 and the yeast prion [RNQ+]. Ydj1 recognized the Gln/Asn-rich prion domain from Rnq1 specifically when it assembled into the amyloid-like [RNQ+] prion state. Upon deletion of YDJ1, overexpression of the Rnq1 prion domain killed yeast. Surprisingly, binding and suppression of prion domain toxicity by Ydj1 was dependent upon farnesylation of its C-terminal CAAX box and action of a zinc finger-like region. In contrast, folding of luciferase was independent of farnesylation, yet required the zinc finger-like region of Ydj1 and a conserved hydrophobic peptide-binding pocket. Type I Hsp40s contain at least three different domains that work in concert to bind different protein conformers. The combined action of a farnesyl moiety and zinc finger-like region enable Type I Hsp40s to recognize amyloid-like substrates and prevent formation of cytotoxic protein species.
Cellular uptake of cadmium and zinc

CHO mutants, resistant to over 100-fold of a normally toxic level of extracellular cadmium have been used to examine the mutually antagonistic effect of Cd and Zn on their uptake. Cadmium uptake in these mutants is only 7–10% that of the parental cells. Zinc uptake in these mutants is equal to or greater than that in the wild-type cells. Results of kinetic studies on uptake indicated that the two metals interact by competitive inhibition. TheK m andK i values for Cd and/or Zn were different in some of the mutants and indicate multiple carriers may be involved in the transport of these metals. The reduction in Cd uptake and concomitant increase in Zn uptake contribute to the increased Cd resistance in these mutants.
Heme Oxygenase-1, Intermediates in Verdoheme Formation and the Requirement for Reduction Equivalents

Conversion of heme to verdoheme by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is thought to involve α-meso-hydroxylation and elimination of the meso-carbon as CO, a reaction supported by both H2O2 and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase/O2. Anaerobic reaction of the heme-HO-1 complex with 1 eq of H2O2 produces an enzyme-bound intermediate identified by spectroscopic methods as α-meso-hydroxyheme. This is the first direct evidence for HO-1-catalyzed formation of α-meso-hydroxyheme. α-meso-Hydroxyheme exists as a mixture of Fe(III) phenolate, Fe(III) keto anion, and Fe(II) keto π neutral radical resonance structures. EPR shows that complexation with CO enhances the Fe(II) π neutral radical component. Reaction of the α-meso-hydroxyheme-HO-1 complex with O2 generates Fe(III) verdoheme, which can be reduced in the presence of CO to the Fe(II) verdoheme-CO complex. Thus, conversion of α-meso-hydroxyheme to Fe(III) verdoheme, in contrast to a previous report (Matera, K. M., Takahashi, S., Fujii, H., Zhou, H., Ishikawa, K., Yoshimura, T., Rousseau, D. L., Yoshida, T., and Ikeda-Saito, M. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 6618-6624), does not require a reducing equivalent. An electron is only required to reduce ferric to ferrous verdoheme in the first step of its conversion to biliverdin.
An overview to ‘Advances in C1 chemistry in the year 2002’

Abstract The current volume presents 19 papers that advance research and technology in C1 chemistry and fuel science technology. This introductory paper contains a brief outline of the material presented in those papers.
A Parvo-like Virus disease of penaeid shrimp

Abstract Cultured populations of four penaeid shrimp species (Crustacea, Decapoda) from four separate culture facilities in Asia were found to be adversely affected by a disease of presumed viral etiology. Individual shrimp with the disease displayed nonspecific signs, including poor growth rate, anorexia, reduced preening activity, increased surface fouling, and occasional opacity of tail musculature. These signs were accompanied by mortalities during the juvenile stages, after apparently normal development through the larval and postlarval stages. Accumulative mortality rates in epizootics in Penaeus merguiensis and P. semisulcatus reached as high as 50 to 100%, respectively, of the affected populations within 4 to 8 weeks of disease onset. The principal lesion, common to all four species, was necrosis and atrophy of the hepatopancreas, accompanied by the presence of large prominent basophilic, PAS-negative, Fuelgen-positive intranuclear inclusion bodies in affected hepatopancreatic tubule epithelial cells (hepatopancreatocytes). These inclusion bodies presumably developed from small, eosinophilic, intranuclear bodies that were also present in the affected tissues. Electron microscopy of affected hepatopancreatocytes revealed aggregations of 22- to 24-nm-diameter virus particles within the electron-dense granular inclusion body ground substance. The virus particle size and morphology, the close association of the nucleolus with the developing inclusion body, and the presence of intranuclear bodies within developing inclusion bodies are similar to cytopathological features reported for parvovirus infections in insects and vertebrates. It is suggested that this presumed virus disease of cultured penaeid shrimp be called HPV for Hepatopancreatic Parvo-like Virus disease.
An experiment in intercropping cucumbers and tomatoes in Southern Michigan, U.S.A.

Schultz, B., Phillips, C., Rosset, P. and Vandermeer, J., 1982. An experiment in intercropping cucumbers and tomatoes in southern Michigan, U.S.A. Scientia Hortic., 18: 1--8. Yields are reported for an experimental intercrop of tomatoes and cucumbers in southeastern Michigan, U.S.A., during the 1980 growing-season. The land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.14, that is, 14% more land would be needed to produce the same yield from two monocultures as from a unit area of intercrop. The intercrop advantage was statistically significant. The potential impact of prices, variation in cucumber grades harvested, and risk avoidance by producers are briefly discussed.
The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: annual survey covering the year 2001

This is a review of papers published in the year 2001 that focus on the synthesis, reactivity, or properties of compounds containing a carbon-transition metal double or triple bond.
Regiospecificity of intramolecular hydrogen transfer in cyclohexanol following chemical ionization

Both H2O and HDO are eliminated from protonated d11-cyclohexanol under chemical ionization conditions using methane as the reagent gas. The elimination of H2O and HDO from the [M+H]+ ions of cyclohexanol specifically labeled with deuterium in the 1; 2,6; 3,5; and 4 positions has been measured. It is found that there is considerable selectivity as to the position from which deuterium is lost in the elimination of HDO. That is, transfer from C-4 is favored, some transfer from C-3(5) occurs, little deuterium is lost from C-2(6) and none is lost from C-1. A mechanism involving ring protonation and ring opening followed by deuterium transfer to oxygen with subsequent loss of HDO is proposed to account for these observations.
Power coupling and time-dependent radiative transfer in guided-wave systems

Radiative transfer can be used to simplify the problem of propagating low-coherence optical fields through scattering and absorbing media when a full electromagnetic analysis would be intractable. One reason why radiative transfer greatly simplifies such a problem is that it does not explicitly account for interference. To determine the conditions under which the intensity- or power-dependent scattering of radiative transfer could be applied to waveguide systems, we performed a time-domain derivation of the time-dependent equation of transfer. For systems in which there is little time-averaged mode coupling over the distance that it takes the pairwise differences in the modal group delays to exceed the source temporal coherence time, the time-averaged modal powers exhibit no interference. The net amount of power transferred between modes is a function only of the time-averaged modal powers themselves. The rate at which power is transferred between modes is described by the power coupling coefficients. This derivation shows how the effective power coupling coefficients representative of a particular waveguide depend not only on the perturbations driving the power transfer but also on the propagation coefficients of the modes, the group velocities of the modes, and the autocorrelation function of the source.
A Model of Trading Volume with Tax-Induced Heterogeneous Valuation and Transaction Costs

Abstract We develop a model of trading volume when agents have different valuation and face transaction costs. In particular, the differential valuation is induced by differential tax status which generates trading around the distribution of cash dividends. Our model predicts that trading volume is negatively affected by idiosyncratic risk of dividend-paying stocks. Volume is negatively affected by the systematic risk of these stocks only in the presence of transaction costs. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: G11, G12, H20.
The effects of chemical reaction on diffusive ion loss processes in a flowing afterglow

Abstract Numerical calculations are described that model the flow, diffusive and reactive processes that occur in a typical flowing afterglow apparatus. These calculations differ from previous solutions to the problem in that the changes in the ambipolar diffusion coefficients that occur with changes in ion composition are considered explicitly. It is shown that these changes can cause distinct curvature in plots of log(ion concentration) versus neutral reactant flow. The effects of axial diffusion and reactant inlet geometry are also considered explicitly. The results are compared with recent experimental data on ion/molecule reactions between UF6 and various negative ions.
Sources of United Nations information

As a new century approaches, the evolving global village becomes difficult to ignore. More than ever before, the United Nations will act as both universal meeting hall and clearinghouse. Consequently, information from and about the United Nations has potential instructional and research value to a wide variety of information professionals and their patrons. For many research topics, an international perspective will enhance the information‐gathering process. Reference librarians should take advantage of this perspective whenever possible, using or referring patrons to intergovernmental organization (IGO) information. This article is intended to serve as a collection development guide to sources of United Nations information and thus help librarians attempting to cope with the lack of bibliographical control over United Nations materials.
The causes of progressive pulmonary insufficiency in surgical patients

Abstract Life-threatening progressive pulmonary insufficiency of obscure etiology in seriously ill surgical patients may be the result of several contributing factors. Peritonitis, general anesthesia, aspiration, and increased susceptibility to gram negative pulmonary infections are all of reasonably established importance. Fluid overload, fat embolism, and oxygen toxicity can be major factors in appropriate patients. Sepsis, intravascular coagulation, shock, and extensive transfusion are potentially very important. Their respective roles have not been defined but sepsis may be of great importance, transfusion and shock much less. The diversity of background in clinical cases makes it likely that no single factor is always dominant; the additive or synergistic effects of several factors together may be the critical determinant.
The Endogenous Antioxidant Glutathione as a Factor in the Survival of Physically Injured Mammalian Spinal Cord Neurons

Glutathione is part of the system of cellular defenses against lipid peroxidation and other free radical-mediated damage. An established in vitro trauma model was utilized to evaluate whether glutathione is a factor in the survival of mammalian spinal cord neurons following physical injury. Cultured murine spinal neurons were subjected to a standard lesion: transection of a primary dendrite 100 microm from the perikaryon. Prior reduction of glutathione with ethacrynic acid or buthionine sulfoximine caused a dose-dependent decrease in neuronal survival 24 hours after dendrotomy. Prior glutathione augmentation with gamma-glutamylcysteine or L-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylic acid significantly increased survival, but N-acetyl-cysteine was not protective. Gamma glutamylcysteine effected the most rapid increase in glutathione (peak at 10 min), and survival was 72% +/- 10 when 0.2 mM gamma-glutamylcysteine was added immediately after dendrotomy compared with 38% +/- 4 in the control group (p < 0.0001). These results indicate that the level of glutathione is a factor in spinal cord neuron survival after physical trauma, and that glutathione augmentation may be an effective acute phase spinal cord injury (SCI) intervention strategy.
Factors affecting seasonal variation in 90-day nonreturn rate to first service in lactating Holstein cows in a hot climate.

The objective was to determine factors controlling seasonal variation in 90-d nonreturn rate to first service (90-d NRR) including effects of location, milk yield, and weather variables on specific days before and after breeding. Dairy Herd Improvement Association records on first services from 8124 Holstein cows in south Georgia (GA, n = 7 herds), north Florida (NF, n = 5), and south Florida (SF, n = 5) were used. The 90-d NRR was affected by location x month of breeding. The summer drop in 90-d NRR was of lower magnitude and duration in GA than in NF or SF and of lower magnitude and duration for NF than SF. When cows were grouped according to mature equivalent milk yield, there was a milk yield class x month of breeding interaction. As milk yield class increased, the summer depression in 90-d NRR was more pronounced. In a second series of analyses, effects of average air temperature at d -10, 0, and 10 relative to breeding were evaluated with subsets of cows in which average air temperature on the 10 d before the reference day were cool ( 20 degrees C on d -10 was less than 90 d NRR for cows with average temperatures < or = 20 degrees C on d -10 (60.1 vs. 36.5%). Similar results were found on d 0 (59.6 vs. 41.4%) and d 10 (56.9 vs. 41.1%). Thus, heat stress before and after breeding, and on the day of breeding, is associated with low 90-d NRR.
Dietary fructose exacerbates hepatocellular injury when incorporated into a methionine-choline-deficient diet

Background Methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diets cause steatohepatitis in rodents and are used to model fatty liver disease in human beings. Recent studies have identified sucrose as a major contributor to MCD-related liver disease through its ability to promote hepatic de novo lipogenesis.
What Are the Most Important Dimensions of Personality?Evidence from Studies of Descriptors in Diverse Languages

Progress is reviewed with respect on how attributes of personality and character can best be organized and structured. Key insights on this important scientific issue have been gained by a lexical approach, which posits that the degree of representation of an attribute in language corresponds substantially with the general importance of the attribute in real-world transactions. The rationale for studying the language of personality is explained, followed by a review of the most salient findings from lexical studies of person-descriptors in 16 languages. In these studies, one- and two-factor structures are found to be not only the most parsimonious but also the most easily replicated across variable selection procedures, and across languages and cultures. Structures with more factors are likely to show a comparative predictive advantage, but replicate more unevenly. Lexical studies appear to support a six-factor model at least as well as the Big Five. Future research attention should be directed toward inclusion of a wider range of individual differences, integration with models of temperament, and the search for causal factors and underlying mechanisms that are associated with the best-replicated personality dimensions.
Yield response of corn to deficit irrigation in a semiarid climate

Abstract Irrigation water supplies are decreasing in many areas of the US Great Plains, which is requiring many farmers to consider deficit-irrigating corn (Zea mays L.) or growing crops like winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that require less water, but that are less profitable. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the yield response of corn to deficit irrigation, and (2) determine which of several seasonal water variables correlated best to corn yield in a semiarid climate. Eight (T1–T8) and nine (T1–T9) deficit-irrigated treatments (including dryland), were compared in 2003 and 2004 in North Platte, Nebraska. The actual seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETd) (calculated with procedures in FAO-56) for the different treatments was 37–79% in 2003 and 63–91% in 2004 compared with the seasonal crop evapotranspiration when water is not limited (ETw). Quantitative relationships between grain yield and several seasonal water variables were developed. Water variables included, irrigation (I), total water (Wall), rain + irrigation (WR+I), evaporation (E), crop evapotranspiration (ETd), crop transpiration (Td), and the ratios of ETd and Td to evapotranspiration and transpiration when water is not limited (ETw and Tw). Both years, yield increased linearly with seasonal irrigation, but the relationship varied from year to year. Combining data from both years, ETd had the best correlation to grain yield (yield = 0.028ETd–5.04, R2 = 0.95), and the water variables could be ranked from higher to lower R2 when related to grain yield as: E T d ( R 2 = 0.95 ) > T d ( R 2 = 0.93 ) > E T d / E T w ( R 2 = 0.90 ) = T d / T w ( R 2 = 0.90 ) > W all ( R 2 = 0.89 ) > E ( R 2 = 0.75 ) > W R + I ( R 2 = 0.65 ) > I ( R 2 = 0.06 ) . Crop water productivity (CWP) (yield per unit ETd) linearly increased with ETd/ETw (R2 = 0.75), which suggests that trying to increase CWP by deficit-irrigating corn is not a good strategy under the conditions of this study.
Interactive Color Display and Analysis--Added Dimension to Seismic Interpretation: ABSTRACT

Interactive color video display systems provide a new dimension to the analysis of seismic data. Subtle concurrent changes in multiple seismic parameters such as reflection strength, velocity, frequency, and structure can be assimilated more effectively with the aid of interactive color technology. We examine here two typical interpretation problems--bright spots and 3-D data--and illustrate the use of interactive color display and analysis in formulating a solution. The successful analysis of hydrocarbon indicators relies on both the ability to measure the auxiliary effects that hydrocarbon indicators have on seismic data and to display these effects in a form that is visible to the interpreter. If the interpreter can view an optimum combination of subtle changes in thes parameters, his ability to predict both the lateral extent of the reservoir and the amount of gas saturation can be substantially improved. One way to display simultaneous variation in several seismic parameters is through the use of an interactive color imaging system. After digital displays of the seismic reflection data variables are input, color assignments are made interactively among the seismic variables and the primary colors. This process can vary from a simple assignment of a primary color for each variable to a more complex analysis technique that dynamically assigns proportions of the seismic variables to all colors. Unlike some approaches that "color" a single parameter to better illustrate its dynamic range, the methods described here use color to illustrate the simultaneous changes in all variables. These video imagery systems provide flexible, high-resolution displays that can cope visually with large volu es of data that are typical for 3-D surveys. It allows the interpreter to perform a variety of instant, on-the-spot enhancement techniques. Thus, the technology significantly minimizes some of the problems in dealing with 3-D data. Typical vertical sections or horizontal time-slice displays from a cube of 3-D data can be shown in a variable intensity mode. The horizontal Seiscut displays can be viewed in a flexible and easily controlled movie fashion or overlaid in color to enhance delineation of structural features. When the multiple parameter technique is employed on the Seiscut display, it produces an "instant geologic map." Each lithologic unit boundary can be distinguished by its unique color pattern. End_of_Article - Last_Page 623------------
Effect of Berenil on Growth, Mitochondrial DNA and Respiration of Leishmania tarentolae Promastigotes*

Incubation of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes in 1.0 microgram/ml Berenil for 96 hr resulted in approximately 33% inhibition of cell growth and approximately 42.5% dyskinetoplasty in the cell population. The buoyant density of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), p = 1.703 g/ml, remained unchanged after 96-hr exposure to the drug. Endogenous respiration as well as proline- and glucose-induced respiration dropped markedly after 36-hr exposure to Berenil. This drop occurred approximately 12 hr before the onset of dyskinetoplasty, a result which suggests that this drug adversely affects mitochondrial respiratory activity of the promastigotes.
TREATISE ON EPDM

ABSTRACT EPDM is the designation given for a saturated polymer chain of the polymethylene type, consisting of ethylene, propylene, and diene. It has been and continues to be one of the most widely used and rapidly growing synthetic rubbers. Technology development has been driven by novel catalysts and processes that have expanded the range of products while delivering improvements in manufacturing such as energy efficiency and environmental footprint. A broad overview of the EPDM process and product technology is presented with focus on more recent developments. The range of topics includes polymer chemistry and physics, characterization, applications, and the manufacturing process. Technology platforms based on both the Ziegler–Natta catalysts and metallocene catalysts are compared and contrasted.
Depressed Adolescents and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders: Are There Differences in the Presentation of Depression?

Patterns and correlates of comorbidity, as well as differences in manifest depressive profiles were investigated in a sample of depressed adolescents. A sub-sample of the youth were characterized as belonging to either a Pure depression group, an Internalizing group (depression and co-occurring internalizing disorders), or an Externalizing group (depression and co-occurring externalizing disorders). Item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning (DIF) were used to assess whether the depressed adolescents from the different comorbidity groups presented with different depressive symptoms. Results indicated that the comorbidity groups were meaningfully distinct in terms of psychosocial correlates as well as showed differences in depressive symptom profiles as informed by DIF analyses. In particular, the comorbidity groups differed in terms of presentation of psychomotor changes and cognitive impairments. Implications for assessment are discussed.
The Knowledge Management Information Landscape — Awareness, Access, Use and Value of Sources

Information landscape is a critical component of professional and scholarly disciplines. Established disciplines have a managed information foundation covering primary, secondary and tertiary sources, targeted search capabilities, discipline-specific knowledge organisation tools and services, and quality controlled review processes. The information landscapes of emerging disciplines may be more chaotic and unsettled, and present challenges for professionals. This research considers the information landscape of the knowledge management discipline. An open public survey of knowledge professionals provides insights into three factors that affect the landscape including: (1) information awareness; (2) information use and access; and (3) information valuation. Findings highlight key information management challenges, and offer suggestions for solutions.
Actual versus consistent decision behavior.

Students of decision-making have advanced several general hypotheses, some of them contradictory, about the decision process. The present paper outlines these hypotheses, suggests experiments to test them, and reports preliminary evidence from investigations carried out by the author.
A tractable method for estimating atomic and molecular transport coefficients

O calculate the flow in the vicinity of an ablating or transpiration cooled surface, one often requires the values of the transport coefficients of the various species injected into the boundary layer. Sufficient experimental data does not exist to obtain parameters needed for a semiempirical determination of these transport coefficients. A method of obtaining transport coefficients without recourse to experimental data would thus be of great value. Such methods have been studied in the past by other investigators.1 The purpose of this Note is to present a method of calculating transport coefficients, which is simple enough to be carried out quickly and without the use of a computer. Comparison of transport coefficients obtained using this method with experimental data show agreement which is generally as good as those obtained from more elaborate computation. The interaction between two neutral molecules is taken to be of the form of a dispersion potential V(r) = — A/r*,2a where r is the interparticle separation, and A is a constant for a given set of molecules. The apparent collision radius for the interaction is obtained by letting the potential be proportional to the gas temperature T. The constant of proportionality has previously been studied,3 where it has been shown that transport coefficients depend weakly on the proportionality constant. As shown below, the present method is independent of the proportionality constant, but introduces another parameter which will be discussed later. It is assumed that for some gas temperature TI the collision radius equals the root mean square radius of the outer shell electrons in the molecule, rms. With this assumption, the collision cross section <r becomes
The Constitutionality of DAPA Part I: Congressional Acquiescence to Deferred Action

OLC’s opinion is of great practical importance for both general and specific reasons. As a general matter, the framework it instituted for gauging whether a particular exercise of enforcement discretion is consistent with relevant constitutional principles is likely to have continuing importance in all areas where administrative agencies exercise discretion. 3 As a specific matter, it seeks to place the Obama Administration’s immigration initiatives on firm legal footing by justifying those broad programs as valid exercises of enforcement discretion. The opinion founders, however, on the complexities of immigration law, and thus its specific application of the opinion’s framework to the Executive’s initiatives is ultimately unconvincing. 4 The opinion overstates the degree to which the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) is concerned with family unification, misapprehends the extraordinarily narrow scope of relief provided to the parents of U.S. citizen and lawful permanent resident (LPR) children under existing law, and misstates the limited scope of prior congressional acquiescence to deferred action programs. These flaws undermine the opinion’s key conclusion that DHS’s deferred action programs are consistent with congressional policy, and thus also place into question the ultimate judgment that these initiatives are permissible exercises of enforcement discretion.
Improving LDPC Decoders via Informed Dynamic Scheduling

Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes are usually decoded by running an iterative belief-propagation (BP), or message-passing, algorithm over the factor graph of the code. The message-passing schedule of the BP algorithm significantly affects the performance of the LDPC decoder. The authors recently presented a novel message-passing schedule, called Informed Dynamic Scheduling (IDS), that selects the message-passing schedule according to the observed rate of change of the messages. IDS yields a lower error-rate performance than traditional message-passing schedules (such as flooding and LBP) because it solves traditional trapping-set errors. However, for short-blocklength LDPC codes, IDS algorithms present non-trapping-set errors in the error floor region. This paper presents a careful analysis of those errors and proposes mixed scheduling strategies, combining LBP with IDS, that solve these non-trapping-set errors. Also, we will show that some lower-complexity techniques, such as mixed scheduling, perform close to the best IDS strategies for larger-blocklength codes.
SUBMILLIMETER, MILLIMETER, AND MICROWAVE SPECTRAL LINE CATALOG

Abstract This paper describes a computer-accessible catalog of submillimeter, millimeter, and microwave spectral lines in the frequency range between 0 and 10 000 GHz (i.e. wavelengths longer than 30 μm). The catalog can be used as a planning guide or as an aid in the identification and analysis of observed spectral lines in the interstellar medium, the Earth’s atmosphere, and the atmospheres of other planets. The information listed for each spectral line includes the frequency and its estimated error, the intensity, the lower state energy, and the quantum number assignment. The catalog is continuously updated and at present has information on 331 atomic and molecular species and includes a total of 1 845 866 lines. The catalog has been constructed by using theoretical least-squares fits of published spectral lines to accepted molecular models. The associated predictions and their estimated errors are based upon the resultant fitted parameters and their covariance. Future versions of this catalog will add more atoms and molecules and update the present listings as new data appear. The catalog is available on-line via anonymous FTP at spec.jpl.nasa.gov and on the world wide web at http: //spec.jpl.nasa.gov.
Activation of Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization by plant proteins distantly related to Scar/WAVE

The Arp2/3 complex, a highly conserved nucleator of F-actin polymerization, plays a key role in the regulation of actin dynamics eukaryotic cells. In animal cells and yeasts, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP)/suppressor of cAMP receptor (Scar)/WASP family verprolin homologous (WAVE) family proteins activate the Arp2/3 complex in response to localized cues. Like other eukaryotes, plants have an Arp2/3 complex, which has recently been shown to play an important role in F-actin organization and cell morphogenesis. However, no activators of the Arp2/3 complex have been identified in plants, which lack obvious homologs of WASP/Scar/WAVE family proteins. Here, we identify a family of Scar/WAVE-related plant Arp2/3 activators. Like Scar/WAVE proteins, four proteins identified in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtSCAR1 to AtSCAR4) and one in maize (ZmSCAR1) have a C-terminal WASP homology 2 (WH2)/acidic (WA)-verprolin homology/cofilin homology/acidic (VCA)-like domain, which we show can activate the bovine Arp2/3 complex. At their N termini, AtSCAR1 to ATSCAR4, along with a fifth protein lacking a VCA/WA-like domain at its C terminus (At4g18600), are related to the N-terminal Scar homology domains of Scar/WAVE family proteins. Analysis of gene expression patterns suggests functional redundancy among members of the AtSCAR family. Full-length AtSCAR1 and ATSCAR3 proteins and their Scar homology domains bind in vitro to AtBRICK 1 (AtBRK1), the Arabidopsis homolog of HSPC300, a WAVE-binding protein recently identified as a component of a complex implicated in the regulation of Scar/WAVE activity. Thus, AtSCAR proteins are likely to function in association with AtBRK1, and perhaps other Arabidopsis homologs of WAVE complex components, to regulate activation of the Arp2,3 complex in vivo.
Channel Catfish Polyculture with Fathead Minnows or Threadfin Shad: Effects on Pond Plankton Communities and Catfish Fillet Flavor, Color, and Fatty Acid Composition

Threadfin shad, Dorosoma petenense, or fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were co-cultured with channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in earthen ponds to determine the effects of planktivory on plankton community dynamics and catfish fillet quality. Fathead minnows had no effect on the plankton community structure or catfish fillet flavor, color, and fatty acid composition. Fillet color was also unaffected by the presence of threadfin shad. Small differences were found in fillet fatty acid composition for catfish from ponds with shad, but these differences probably have no biological significance. Threadfin shad did, however, have important impacts on the plankton community structure and catfish flavor. Size-selective filter-feeding by shad reduced cyanobacterial abundance relative to ponds with catfish-only and fathead minnows. Relative abundance of smaller phytoplankton in the groups Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Bacillariophyceae, and Euglenophyta increased in ponds with shad. Relative abundance of small zooplankton (rotifers) also increased in shad ponds. Reduced abundance of large, colonial cyanobacteria that are known to produce odorous metabolites caused a corresponding reduction in off-flavor prevalence and intensity in catfish from ponds with threadfin shad when sampled in September. Although threadfin shad dramatically reduced catfish off-flavor prevalence during the warm season, they apparently caused a high prevalence of “fishy” off-flavors in the February sample. This undesirable flavor appeared to be caused by catfish foraging on shad killed during a preceding period of exceptionally cold water temperatures. Use of threadfin shad for phytoplankton biomanipulation therefore presents a dilemma: catfish–shad polyculture reduces prevalence of cyanobacteria-related off-flavors in warm months but may cause undesirable forage-related off-flavors in the colder months. Catfish farmers must consider these benefits and risks when deciding to use threadfin shad as a management tool.
A Linear Motor Design Provides Close and Secure Vehicle Separation of Many Transit Vehicles on a Guideway

Automated urban transit systems have been proposed for some time with limited attention to propulsion and control of many vehicles on a guideway. This is a particular critical requirement for personal rapid transit systems and an urban maglev transit system proposed by MagneMotion, the M3. The linear synchronous motor (LSM), as proposed for M3, has severe limitations. A modification of LSM is described, called "individual pole excitation linear motor" (IPELM), to meet the requirements of M3. The armature of IPELM consists of individual coils, incorporated in the guideway, which are powered separately under central control. An outline of IPELM design is presented for consideration and further development. Safety issues are reviewed for this linear motor. The main advantage of IPELM over LSM is the ability to control many vehicles on the same guideway with a very short headway and space between vehicles. A further development of IPELM makes it possible to design a continuous nonstop transit system with a high schedule speed between many online stations
Mixed‐phase cloud radiative properties over Ross Island, Antarctica: The influence of various synoptic‐scale atmospheric circulation regimes

Spectral downwelling shortwave irradiance measurements made beneath overcast stratiform cloud decks at Ross Island, Antarctica (77.5°S, 167°E), are used in conjunction with discrete ordinates-based radiative transfer simulations to examine how mixed-phase clouds influence shortwave irradiance at the surface during austral spring-summer. From 10 October 2012 until 4 February 2013, an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD, Inc.) spectroradiometer deployed at the Arrival Heights (77.82°S, 166.65°E) laboratory of McMurdo Station measured in 1 min averages the downwelling spectral hemispheric (direct plus diffuse) irradiance spanning visible (VIS) and near-infrared regions of the solar spectrum, from 350 to 2200 nm. Conservative-scattering cloud optical depth τc is retrieved in the interval 1022–1033 nm, where the albedo of the snow-covered surface is lower than at VIS wavelengths. The impact of liquid versus mixed-phase cloud properties on the surface shortwave energy budget is discerned using irradiances in the 1.6 μm window. Five case studies employ NASA A-Train satellite and ancillary meteorological data sets to investigate the macrophysical, microphysical, and shortwave radiative characteristics of clouds possessing distinct meteorological histories. Cloud systems within marine air masses arriving at Ross Island after transiting the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) and the Ross Ice Shelf are radiatively dominated by the ice phase. In contrast, moist marine air moving directly onshore from the Ross Sea brings low clouds with a stronger influence of liquid water. Deep cyclonic disturbances over the Ross Sea are seen to be limited in their ability to deliver significant moisture as far south as Ross Island, where clouds are mainly optically thin.
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy was first described as a peculiar hemorrhagic disorder of the macula, characterized by recurrent sub-retinal and sub-retinal pigment epithelium bleeding in middle aged black women. The use of indocyanine green angiography and subsequently of optical coherent tomography has widened our ability to study and understand the pathophysiology of this disorder. The primary abnormality involves the choroidal circulation, and the characteristic lesion is an inner choroidal vascular network of vessels ending in an aneurysmal bulge or outward projection, visible clinically as a reddish orange, spheroid, polyp-like structure. We have also recognized that individuals of African-American and Asian descents are more at risk for developing polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy as the disorder seems to preferentially affect pigmented individuals. However, it has been shown that while that still holds true, patients of other racial backgrounds may be afflicted. Particularly, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy has been found to be present in about 8-13% of white patients with clinical appearance of exudative age-related macular degeneration. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy has also been reported in Irish, French, German, and Italian patients. The natural course of the disease often follows a remitting-relapsing course, and clinically, it is associated with chronic, multiple, recurrent serosanguineous detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium and neurosensory retina with long-term preservation of good vision. Photodynamic treatment appears to be a promising alternative to conventional laser therapy, for the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. In conclusion, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy seems to be a distinct clinical entity that should be differentiated from other types of choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration and other known choroidal degenerative, inflammatory, and ischemic disorders.
An empirical regression inequality

A descriptive inequality similar to the empirical CHEBYSHEV inequality concerning residuals in linear regression analysis is developed.
Combined Intraoperative Thermoradiotherapy for Abdominal Malignancies: The Dartmouth Experience

Despite the advances in surgical resection and adjuvant treatment modalities, local recurrence continues to be a significant management problem with intra-abdominal malignancies, in particular for locally advanced colorectal and pancreatic malignancies. The preliminary results for the use of extended surgical resection, external beam radiotherapy, and intraoperative radiotherapy (Shipley etal. 1984; Roldan et al. 1988; Gunderson et al. 1987, 1988; Tuckson et al. 1988; Abe et al. 1987; Hoekstra et al. 1988; Sindelar et al. 1988; Gold-son 1981; Tepper et al. 1986) for the control of local disease recurrence in colorectal and pancreatic cancers demonstrate that lack of local control continues to be the major cause for failure of this combined modality approach. As a result, it is reasonable to investigate the use of hyperthermia in conjunction with these other modalities in the management of these tumors. Certainly for superficial tumors, clinical studies have shown improved results for combined hyperthermia with radiation therapy when compared with radiation therapy alone (Overgaard1985).
Apoptosis and caspases in neurodegenerative diseases.

A form of cell death called apoptosis is a prominent feature in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, ranging from stroke to Huntington's disease. Hypoxia, toxic cytokines, damage to mitochondria, and noxious peptides are capable of inducing apoptosis; each of these mechanisms can account for the death of specific types of neurons in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacologic interference with the induction or completion of apoptosis holds promise for the treatment of these disorders, and clinical trials with one such agent are already under way.
Microsoft CEP server and online behavioral targeting

In this demo, we present the Microsoft Complex Event Processing (CEP) Server, Microsoft CEP for short. Microsoft CEP is an event stream processing system featured by its declarative query language and its multiple consistency levels of stream query processing. Query composability, query fusing, and operator sharing are key features in the Microsoft CEP query processor. Moreover, the debugging and supportability tools of Microsoft CEP provide visibility of system internals to users.Web click analysis has been crucial to behavior-based online marketing. Streams of web click events provide a typical workload for a CEP server. Meanwhile, a CEP server with its processing capabilities plays a key role in web click analysis. This demo highlights the features of Microsoft CEP under a workload of web click events.
Direct CNS Modulation of Insulin Secretion

Insulin secretion by a normally innervated, vascularly isolated, in situ rat pancreas preparation is modulated by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. The evidence presented herein strongly suggests that there are both excitatory and inhibitory centers within the hypothalamus which are capable of directly modifying insulin secretion.
Using Quarterly Earnings to Predict Stock Price

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a stock price prediction model based on quarterly earnings forecasts. The prediction model is based on the residual income model by Ohlson (1995), and adjustment for autocorrelation by Higgins (2009). Prior research has not used quarterly data out of concern for seasonality. However, seasonality can be removed by including four consecutive quarterly terms of abnormal earnings in each price equation. The prediction results suggest that quarterly earnings forecasts can be useful inputs to models of price forecasts.
Association of transcriptome-wide sequence variation with climate gradients in valley oak ( Quercus lobata )

A fundamental goal of evolutionary biology is to understand how environment shapes genetic variation through its effect on demographic processes and through natural selection. In non-model species, transcriptome sequencing generates large single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels to disentangle these influences. Quercus lobata (valley oak) offers an excellent system for such analyses because it has stably occupied a climatically heterogeneous landscape throughout California. We used 220,427 diallelic SNPs from 22 individuals identified against a recently assembled reference transcriptome to (1) quantify transcriptome-wide associations of SNPs with climate indicative of demographic responses to climate, (2) identify SNPs especially associated with climate and thus potential targets of natural selection, and (3) test the hypothesis that genetic diversity is high in climate-adaptive candidate genes. Constrained ordinations (redundancy analysis) and variance partitioning showed that genetic structure in Q. lobata was explained by spatial location (49 %) and climate (24 %), especially minimum temperature and summer/spring precipitation balance, suggesting that climate influences neutral demographic processes and gene flow. After accounting for underlying structure, individual-based environmental association analyses identified 79 SNPs from 49 transcripts as candidates under natural selection by climate. These candidate genes had significantly higher SNP rates per base pair per locus (θ W), nucleotide diversity (π), and gene diversity (G) than non-candidate genes. These results provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that balancing selection maintains diversity in climate-adaptive genes. Climate has likely shaped both population demography and local adaptation in valley oak.
Federal agency management practices for prioritizing and funding rehabilitation-related research.

This article focuses on the processes by which priorities are established and research is funded by three organizational entities that finance the preponderance of this country's rehabilitation-related research: the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (the focal point of rehabilitation research at the National Institutes of Health), and the National Institutes of Health in aggregate (i.e., the several institutes that support rehabilitation-related research). Two perspectives are emphasized: the stakeholders' opportunities to influence deliberations at key steps in setting priorities and reaching funding decisions and the extent to which these management practices are explicitly conceptualized, transparent, and evidence-based. Those perspectives are brought to bear on three pivotal considerations: the agencies' commitment to directed vs. nondirected research, the role they assign to strategic planning, and their approach to reviewing applications for funding.
Decreased or absent ACTH-like activity of blocked synthetic tricosapeptide.

SummarySubstitution of acetyl for hydrogen in the NH2 group of the N-terminal serine, NH2 for OH” in the carboxyl of glutamine in position 5, and formyl for an amino hydrogen of lysine in positions 11, 15, 16, and 21 decreases or eliminates the ACTH-like activity of a synthetic tricosapeptide which duplicates the first 23 amino acids of naturally occurring ACTH.