cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnonursing: A Qualitative Research Method for Studying Culturally Competent Care across Disciplines:

Nurse anthropologist, Madeleine Leininger, developed the culture care theory and ethnonursing research method to help researchers study transcultural human care phenomena and discover the knowledge nurses need to provide care in an increasingly multicultural world. The authors propose that the ethnonursing method can be useful for research that addresses providing care in other disciplines, including education, administration, physical, occupational, and speech therapy, social work, pharmacy, medicine, and other disciplines in which research findings have implications for human care and health. The authors discuss the culture care theory and describe the ethnonursing research method’s enablers, data analysis phases, and qualitative evaluation criteria. The theory is presented as a guide for using research findings to design culturally competent and congruent care to promote well-being among diverse people, groups, communities, and institutions. Resources include a reference list of key source publications, a discussion of exemplar studies, and samples of a theory-based, open-ended interview guide and data coding system.
A Knowledge Representation Scheme and a Knowledge Derivation Mechanism for Achieving Rule Sharing among Heterogeneous Expert Systems

This paper presents a framework for integrating heterogeneous expert systems (ESs) on a complex domain, each of which has only partial knowledge with respect to the entire problem domain. It focuses on the types of knowledge that is expressed in the forms of intensional data such as rules and constraints. An integration approach by which the component ESs may exchange their expertises in an intertwined manner is presented. One advantage of this approach is that rules can in effect be shared among heterogeneous ESs. The knowledge representation scheme using both static and dynamic knowledge representation models, the query language, and the knowledge derivation mechanism for achieving such integration are described. This approach can be used as a basis for developing distributed database systems with explicit constraint management or heterogeneous distributed expert database systems, and for integrating multiple expert systems. A prototype system has been developed to verify the ideas presented in this paper. The implementation effort is briefly described.
NEURONgrid: a toolkit for generating parameter-space maps using NEURON in a grid environment

Neuroscience research increasingly involves the exploration of computational models of neurons and neural networks. To ensure systematic model exploration, it is often desirable to conduct a parameter-space analysis in which the behavior of the model is catalogued over a very large range of parameter permutations. Here we report the development and testing of a toolkit called NEURONgrid for conducting this type of analysis in a grid environment using NEURON (Hines & Carnevale, 1997, 2001), a popular and powerful simulation platform for the neurosciences. NEURONgrid provides helper classes within NEURON for manipulating parameters, a package of NEURON for running in a grid environment, and a management client that enables neuroscientists to submit a parameter-space analysis, monitor progress, and download results. NEURONgrid provides a user-friendly means for conducting intensive model exploration within the neurosciences. It is available for download at http://neurongrid.homeip.net.
STUDIES ON ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TERRAMYCIN IN CHILDREN

The absorption of terramycin from the gastrointestinal tract is rather similar to that of aureomycin. Peak levels are low, tend to be achieved in 2 to 6 hours after ingestion, and are prolonged for several hours. Single oral doses of 11 mg/kg. body weight give peak serum levels ranging from 0.20 to 1.95 µg./cc., with a mean of 1.0 µg./cc. Doubling or tripling this single dose did not produce marked increases in serum levels. Dosage of 11 mg./kg. orally every six hours (44 mg./kg./24 hours) resulted in peak serum levels on the third day which were essentially identical with those after the initial dose. However, when a dosage of 33 mg./kg. was given orally every six hours (132 mg./kg./24 hours), marked cumulation in the serum was noted. The mean serum level on the first day on this schedule was 2.7 µg./cc., and on the third day, 8.0 µg./cc. Diffusion into the cerebrospinal fluid in three cases was poor. With spinal fluid and serum levels simultaneously obtained, the spinal fluid levels were ¼, ⅙ and ⅛, respectively of the serum levels. Intravenously administered terramycin in dosage of 6.6 mg./kg. gave peak serum levels at one-half hour, ranging from 10.0 to 12.8 µg./cc. Six hours after injection, serum levels ranged from 1.8 to 4.4 µg./cc., and at 12 hours, from 0.78 to 2.6 µg./cc. Terramycin given rectally in perforated capsules was well tolerated. However, in four patients given 66 mg./kg. by this route, peak serum levels ranged from 0 to 1.0 µg./cc. Recommended terramycin dosage: (a) Oral: 11 mg./kg./dose every six hours (44 mg./kg./24 hours). Adequate antibacterial serum levels for most susceptible organisms are produced with this dosage. Increasing the dosage to 33 mg./kg./dose every six hours (132 mg./kg./24 hours) may be done in cases when high serum levels seem indicated. (b) Intravenous: 6.6 to 11 mg./kg./dose every 6 to 8 hours.
Axiomatizations Of Interval Logics

Interval logic has been introduced as a temporal logic that provides higher-level constructs and an intuitive graphical representation, making it easier in interval logic than in other temporal logics to specify and reason about concurrency in software and hardware designs. In this paper we present axiomatizations for two propositional interval logics and relate these logics to Until Temporal Logic. All of these logics are discrete linear-time temporal logics with no next operator. The next operator obstructs the use of hierarchical abstraction and refinement, and makes reasoning about concurrency difficult.
Broadly neutralizing hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibodies require FcγR interactions for protection against influenza virus in vivo (VAC6P.951)

Neutralizing antibodies (Abs) against influenza viruses have traditionally been thought to provide protection exclusively through their variable region; the contributions of mechanisms conferred by the Fc domain remain controversial. We investigated the in vivo contributions of Fc interactions with their cognate receptors for a collection of neutralizing anti-influenza Abs. Whereas five broadly neutralizing monoclonal Abs (bNAbs) targeting the conserved stalk region of hemagglutinin (HA) required interactions between the Ab Fc and Fcγ-receptors for IgG (FcγR) to confer protection from lethal H1N1 challenge, three strain-specific monoclonal Abs (mAbs) against the variable head domain of HA were equally protective in the presence or absence of FcγR interactions. Although all Abs blocked infection, only anti-stalk bNAbs were able to mediate cytotoxicity of infected cells, which accounts for their FcγR dependence. Immune complexes generated with anti-HA stalk mAb efficiently interacted with FcγRs, but anti-HA head immune complexes did not. These results suggest that FcγR binding capacity by anti-HA Ab was dependent on the interaction of the cognate Fab with antigen. We exploited these disparate mechanisms of mAb-mediated protection to reengineer an anti-stalk bNAb to selectively enhance FcγR engagement to augment its protective activity. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized property of bNAbs and guide an approach toward enhancing mAb-mediated anti-viral therapies.
The Slow Book Revolution: Creating a New Culture of Reading on College Campuses and Beyond. Meagan Lacy, Editor: Santa Barbara, California: Libraries Unlimited, 2014, 160 pp., ISBN: 978-1-61069-715-6, $50.00

Recognizing trends such as multi-tasking, digital distraction, and information overload and also citing national studies about declines in reading and print literacy, librarians are among those who...
Design and efficacy of a single-use bioreactor for heart valve tissue engineering

Heart valve tissue engineering offers the promise of improved treatments for congenital heart disorders; however, widespread clinical availability of a tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) has been hindered by scientific and regulatory concerns, including the lack of a disposable, bioreactor system for nondestructive valve seeding and mechanical conditioning. Here we report the design for manufacture and the production of full scale, functional prototypes of such a system. To evaluate the efficacy of this bioreactor as a tool for seeding, ovine aortic valves were decellularized and subjected to seeding with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). The effects of pulsatile conditioning using cyclic waveforms tuned to various negative and positive chamber pressures were evaluated, with respect to the seeding of cells on the decellularized leaflet and the infiltration of seeded cells into the interstitium of the leaflet. Infiltration of hMSCs into the aortic valve leaflet was observed following 72 h of conditioning under negative chamber pressure. Additional conditioning under positive pressure improved cellular infiltration, while retaining gene expression within the MSC-valve interstitial cell phenotype lineage. This protocol resulted in a subsurface pilot population of cells, not full tissue recellularization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 249-259, 2017.
Brinquedo terapêutico no preparo para a cirurgia: comportamentos de pré-escolares no período transoperatório

Objetivo: Descrever o comportamento de criancas durante a sessao de brinquedo terapeutico instrucional (BTI) no periodo pre-operatorio e verificar o comportamento apresentado por elas no periodo transoperatorio. Metodo: Pesquisa descritiva exploratoria de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital particular de grande porte da cidade de Sao Paulo, na qual os comportamentos apresentados por 30 criancas entre tres e cinco anos submetidas a cirurgia de pequeno porte foram observados na unidade de internacao durante a sessao de BT e na sala de cirurgia, desde a admissao ate despertarem da anestesia. Resultados: A maioria participou efetivamente da sessao de BTI (21; 70%), entrou espontaneamente na sala operatoria (22; 73,3%) e sem resistir a separacao da mae (24; 80%), colaborando com o procedimento anestesico (16; 53,3%) e despertando da anestesia tranquilamente (26; 87%). Conclusao: O uso do BTI propiciou a crianca compreender o procedimento cirurgico, tornando-o menos traumatico.
Symmetric Hamilton cycle decompositions of complete graphs minus a 1‐factor

Let n≥2 be an integer. The complete graph Kn with a 1-factor F removed has a decomposition into Hamilton cycles if and only if n is even. We show that Kn−F has a decomposition into Hamilton cycles which are symmetric with respect to the 1-factor F if and only if n≡2, 4 mod 8. We also show that the complete bipartite graph Kn, n has a symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition if and only if n is even, and that if F is a 1-factor of Kn, n, then Kn, n−F has a symmetric Hamilton cycle decomposition if and only if n is odd. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 19:1-15, 2010
The development of benzyprene hydroxylase activity in endrin susceptible and resistant pine mice

Abstract Benzyprene hydroxylase activity in hepatic microsomes from endrin-resistant pine mice was found to develop at a more rapid rate than in microsomes from susceptible mice. Maximum activity ( V max ) was reached between 4 to 6 weeks in both strains and then slowly declined to levels found in adult mice. At all ages studied the resistant microsomes showed an approximate two-fold greater level of total hydroxylase activity.
Multiple Active Site Histidine Protonation States in Acetobacter aceti N5-Carboxyaminoimidazole Ribonucleotide Mutase Detected by REDOR NMR†

Class I PurE (N5-carboxyaminoimidazole mutase) catalyzes a chemically unique mutase reaction. A working mechanistic hypothesis involves a histidine (His45 in Escherichia coli PurE) functioning as a general acid, but no evidence for multiple protonation states has been obtained. Solution NMR is a peerless tool for this task but has had limited application to enzymes, most of which are larger than its effective molecular size limit. Solid-state NMR is not subject to this limit. REDOR NMR studies of a 151 kDa complex of uniformly 15N-labeled Acetobacter aceti PurE (AaPurE) and the active site ligand [6-13C]citrate probed a single ionization equilibrium associated with the key histidine (AaPurE His59). In the AaPurE complex, the citrate central carboxylate C6 13C peak moves upfield, indicating diminution of negative charge, and broadens, indicating heterogeneity. Histidine 15N chemical shifts indicate His59 exists in approximately equimolar amounts of an Nδ-unprotonated (pyridine-like) form and an Nδ-protonat...
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties of Advanced Magnetic Materials

Magnetic materials have inspired human imagination for millennia, and for many centuries they have stimulated progress in science and technology. For a long time, focus has been on naturally occurring magnetic materials, such as iron and magnetite (see Fig. 1.1). In the last few decades, there has been a revolution in the development of magnetic materials. On one hand, atomic-scale quantum-mechanical and relativistic effects have been exploited to create high-performance magnetic materials, such as the alloys SmCo5 and Nd2Fe14B, which are used to produce permanent magnets. On the other hand, geometrically well-defined nanostructures such as multilayers, particle arrays and bulk composites, are now actively explored and used to fabricate magnetic materials for a wide range of applications (Coehoorn et al., 1988; Baibich et al., 1988; Skomski and Coey, 1993; McCurrie, 1994; Himpsel et al., 1998; Comstock, 1999; Wood, 2000; Weller et al., 2000; Ziese and Thornton, 2001; Sellmyer et al., 2002).
Update on MiniBooNE

MiniBooNE (Booster Neutrino Experiment) is searching for ν μ → ν e oscillations in the neutrino beam produced by the 8 GeV Booster synchrotron at Fermilab. The Booster has delivered 3.66 × 10 20 protons-on-target with over 380 thousand neutrino events recorded in the detector since September 2002. MiniBooNE is now accumulating enough data to achieve its goal of conclusively confirming or refuting the evidence for neutrino oscillations observed by the LSND experiment.
Facile, Versatile Prepolymerization and Postpolymerization Functionalization Approaches for Well-Defined Fluorescent Conjugated Fluorene-Based Glycopolymers

We have developed facile, versatile prepolymerization and postpolymerization functionalization approaches to prepare well-defined fluorescent conjugated fluorene-based glycopolymers (polymers A and B) through thioether formation. Well-defined glucose-carrying monomer (5) and conjugated polymer (polymer 2) were prepared by coupling the key precursors, 2,7-diiodo-9,9-bis(6‘-bromohexyl)fluorene (2) and poly[(9,9-bis(6‘-bromohexyl)-2,7-fluorenylene)-alt-1,4-phenylene] (polymer 1) with an excess of 1-thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate (3) in a basic condition, respectively. A well-defined poly(2,7-fluorenylene−ethynylene)-alt-1,4-(2,5-dimethyoxyphenylene−ethynylene) bearing peracetylated glucose residues (polymer 3) was prepared by a palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling polymerization of monomer 5 with a diethynylbenzene in the presence of 5% CuI, 5% Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 and 10% PPh3. Polymers 2 and 3 were deacetylated under Zemplen conditions in methanol and methylene chloride containing sodium methoxide, affording tw...
The in vitro metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyl induced rat hepatic microsomal monooxygenases

The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by halogenated biphenyl-induced rat hepatic microsomal monooxygenases was determined using a high pressure liquid chromatographic assay system. Incubation of benzo[a]pyrene with microsomes from rats pretreated with phenobarbitone or phenobarbitone-type inducers (2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl, and 2,2',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl) resulted in increased overall metabolism of the hydrocarbon (less than fourfold) into phenolic, quinone, and diol metabolites, with the most striking increase observed in the formation of 4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. In contrast, the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by microsomes from rats induced with 3-methylcholanthrene or 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl resulted in a greater than 10-fold increase in overall benzo[a]pyrene metabolism, with the largest increases observed in the formation of the trans-7,8- and -9,10-dihydrodiol metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene. However, in comparison to control and phenobarbitone-induced microsomes, the oxidative conversion of benzo[a]pyrene by microsomes induced with 3-methylcholanthrene and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl into the 6,12-quinone was substantially inhibited. Previous reports have shown that the commercial halogenated biphenyl mixtures, fireMaster BP-6, and Aroclor 1254 are mixed-type inducers and that microsomes from rats pretreated with these mixtures markedly enhance the overall metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene. Not surprisingly, the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by microsomes from rats pretreated with the mixed-type inducers, 2,3,3',4,4'-penta-,2,3,3',4,4',5-hexa-, and 2',3,3',4,4',5-hexa- chlorobiphenyl was also increased and the metabolic profile was similar to that observed with fireMaster BP-6 and Aroclor 1254 induced microsomes.
“New 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Grande Ronde lavas, Columbia River Basalts, USA: Implications for duration of flood basalt eruption episodes” by – Discussion

Abstract Barry et al. (2010) presented 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages to argue for a very limited duration (~ 0.4 m.y.) for the eruption of the Grande Ronde lavas. Critical examination of their data sets shows (1) a number of their plateau ages are statistically invalid and (2) many of their groundmass matrix samples were altered, and did not yield valid estimates of the time of crystallization. In general, their ages err on the young side, reflecting partial 40 Ar * loss, due to alteration, and there is no compelling evidence therein, to argue for very limited duration for the Grande Ronde Basalt. The Imnaha, Grande Ronde and Wanapum Basalt erupted within ~ 0.7 m.y., starting at ~ 16.4 Ma. By contrast, the “ages” of Barry et al. (2010) span the interval ~ 16.6 to ~ 14.7 Ma and, in some instances, are out of stratigraphic sequence.
CONLIN: An efficient dual optimizer based on convex approximation concepts

The Convex Linearization method (CONLIN) exhibits many interesting features and it is applicable to a broad class of structural optimization problems. The method employs mixed design variables (either direct or reciprocal) in order to get first order, conservative approximations to the objective function and to the constraints. The primary optimization problem is therefore replaced with a sequence of explicit approximate problems having a simple algebraic structure. The explicit subproblems are convex and separable, and they can be solved efficiently by using a dual method approach. In this paper, a special purpose dual optimizer is proposed to solve the explicit subproblem generated by the CONLIN strategy. The maximum of the dual function is sought in a sequence of dual subspaces of variable dimensionality. The primary dual problem is itself replaced with a sequence of approximate quadratic subproblems with non-negativity constraints on the dual variables. Because each quadratic subproblem is restricted to the current subspace of non zero dual variables, its dimensionality is usually reasonably small. Clearly, the Hessian matrix does not need to be inverted (it can in fact be singular), and no line search process is necessary. An important advantage of the proposed maximization method lies in the fact that most of the computational effort in the iterative process is performed with reduced sets of primal variables and dual variables. Furthermore, an appropriate active set strategy has been devised, that yields a highly reliable dual optimizer.
Craniopharyngioma presenting during pregnancy 4 years after a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Craniopharyngiomas, epithelial tumors of the hypothalamic and pituitary region, are thought to have congenital origins. It has been postulated that hormonal influences may stimulate growth in adults. This report describes a case and reviews the literature. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The case is discussed of a 39-year-old woman who experienced symptoms from a craniopharyngioma diagnosed during a pregnancy that resulted from in vitro fertilization. A magnetic resonance imaging scan performed 4 years previously had disclosed nothing abnormal. INTERVENTION: The patient underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy with total resection of the suprasellar tumor, which was dissected from the pituitary stalk. CONCLUSION: This case suggests a possible link in the adult patient between the growth of this supposedly congenital tumor and hormonal stimulation.
Late results and reintervention after aortic valvotomy for critical aortic stenosis in neonates and infants

Abstract Background . Many centers have adopted balloon valvuloplasty for treatment of infants with critical aortic stenosis because of historically poor early results and a lack of long-term results with surgical valvotomy. We evaluated our results with open aortic valvotomy over the past decade, specifically examining factors influencing survival and reintervention in the current era. Methods . From 1986 to 1996, 37 infants in the first 3 months of life underwent open aortic valvotomy for critical aortic stenosis. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, valvotomy, and valve debridement under direct vision with standard techniques. Results . Early mortality was 11% (4 of 37, 70% confidence limit 7% to 20%) and all early deaths were in neonates less than 2 weeks of age. Late death occurred in 6 patients a mean of 10 ± 12 months (range, 2 to 36 months) after valvotomy. Actuarial survival, including operative deaths was 92% ± 6% at 1 month, 78% ± 9% at 1 year, and 73.4% ± 10% at 10 years. In a multifactorial regression analysis, the best predictors of death were the presence of endocardial fibroelastosis and small body surface area and the best predictor of the need for late reintervention was preoperative aortic annular size. Thirteen patients required reintervention: repeat operation in 7 patients, balloon valvuloplasty in 3 patients, and both balloon valvuloplasty and reoperation in 3 patients. Actuarial freedom from reintervention postoperatively is 97% ± 3% at 1 month, 73% ± 9% at 1 year, and 55% ± 11% at 10 years. Reintervention was for recurrent left ventricular outflow obstruction in 9 patients and mixed aortic stenosis and aortic insufficiency in 4. Echocardiography 4.3 ± 2.5 years after aortic valvotomy in survivors who have not required reintervention (n = 20) revealed a Doppler peak instantaneous systolic gradient of 37 ± 14 mm Hg and mild or less aortic regurgitation in 16 patients and moderate aortic regurgitation in 4 patients. Conclusions . Current surgical results with critical aortic stenosis in the neonate and young infant are acceptable in terms of both late survival, reintervention, and functional results in the majority of patients. Newer interventions, such as balloon valvuloplasty, should be carefully evaluated for long-term results and should be compared more appropriately to current surgical results to determine the best treatment modality for the neonate and infant with critical aortic stenosis.
Knowledge Gaps and Misconceptions About Coronary Heart Disease Among U.S. South Asians

Background Although South Asians are at higher risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) than most other U.S. racial/ethnic groups, very little research has addressed this disparity. Purpose As a first step in developing culturally targeted CHD prevention messages for this rapidly growing community, this study examined South Asians' knowledge and beliefs about CHD. Methods Analyses, conducted in 2009, were based on data collected from January to July 2008 in a cross-sectional study population of 270 South Asian adults in Illinois. Interviews were conducted in English, Hindi, or Urdu using a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the associations between sociodemographics and CHD knowledge and attitudes about preventability. Results Eighty-one percent of respondents had one or more CHD risk factors. Most participants (89%) said they knew little or nothing about CHD. Stress was the most frequently mentioned risk factor (44%). Few mentioned controlling blood pressure (11%); cholesterol (10%); and diabetes (5%) for prevention. Fifty-three percent said that heart attacks are not preventable. Low education level, being interviewed in Urdu or Hindi, and low level of acculturation were associated with less knowledge and believing that CHD is not preventable. Conclusions A majority of South Asians in this study believed that CHD is not preventable and had low awareness of modifiable risk factors. As a first step, CHD education should target the knowledge gaps that may affect risk factor control and behavior change. Educational messages may need to be somewhat different for subgroups (e.g., by education and language) to be maximally effective.
Traditional and Alternative Investments: Market Structure, Product Structure, and Security Design

While traditional forms of investment products such as public funds still dominate the investment industry, both traditional and alternative investments have experienced recent innovations in their structure. Many of these (structured notes, swaps) are much simpler than they appear, and can offer highly tailored exposure to unique sources of return. Expanding the set of investment opportunities through new structures results in unique return patterns that cannot be replicated through traditional stock, bond, and real estate investment strategies. As a result, these new product forms may increase the economic benefits available to current investors. In this article, the economic bases for new product forms and security design are discussed, and simulation examples of the return opportunities made available through both guaranteed structured notes and swaps are offered.
Detection of Hydrogen Spillover in Palladium-Modified Activated Carbon Fibers During Hydrogen Adsorption

Palladium-modified activated carbon fibers (Pd-ACF) are being evaluated for adsorptive hydrogen storage at near-ambient conditions because of their enhanced hydrogen uptake in comparison to Pd-free ACF. The net uptake enhancement (at room temperature and 2 MPa) is in excess of the amount corresponding to formation of β-Pd hydride and is usually attributed to hydrogen spillover. In this paper, inelastic neutron scattering was used to investigate the state of hydrogen in Pd-containing activated carbon fibers loaded at 77 K with 2.5 wt % H2. It was found that new C−H bonds were formed, at the expense of physisorbed H2, during prolonged in situ exposure to 1.6 MPa hydrogen at 20 °C. This finding is a postfactum proof of the atomic nature of H species formed in presence of a Pd catalyst and of their subsequent spillover and binding to the carbon support. Chemisorption of hydrogen may explain the reduction in hydrogen uptake from first to second adsorption cycle.
Redevelopment and Tenant Struggle in Kansas City

This paper uses a case study approach to examine and evaluate a tenant social movement as a possible form of class movement. This tenants' movement is the result of redevelopment, understood as the movement of capital into the central city and the commensurate removal of working-class housing. The general goal of this paper is to provide a structural (political-economic) grounding for the explanation of tenant social movements.
Some methods for dynamic analysis of the scalp recorded EEG.

This paper describes methods for quantifying the spatiotemporal dynamics of EEG. Development of these methods was motivated by watching computer-generated animations of EEG voltage records. These animations contain a wealth of information about the pattern of change across time in the voltages observed across the surface of the scalp. In an effort to quantify this pattern of changing voltages, we elected to extract a single quantifiable feature from each measurement epoch, the highest squared voltage among the various electrode sites. Nineteen channels of EEG were collected from subjects using an electrode cap with standard 10–20 system placements. Two minute records were obtained. Each record was sampled at a rate of 200 per second. Thirty seconds of artifact-free data were extracted from each 2 minute record. An algorithm then determined the location of the channel with the greatest amplitude for each 5 msec sampling epoch. We quantified these spatio-temporal dynamics as scalars, vectors and cluster analytic plots of EEG activity for finger tapping, cognitive effort (counting backwards) and relaxation to illustrate the utility of the techniques.
SU‐FF‐T‐125: Commissioning of Monaco Monte Carlo IMRT Treatment Planning System

Purpose: To commission CMS Monaco IMRTtreatment planning system for clinical applications using a standard test suite. Methods and Materials: A system test including IMRT planning and plan delivery was performed for CMS Monaco IMRTtreatment planning system, version 1.0.2. Four cases from TG‐119 were studied: one head and neck case, one prostate case, and two C shape cases. IMRT plans were generated with the dose goals set by TG‐119 and were compared with the plans generated using CMS XiO treatment planning system. Analysis metrics were for dose coverage, number of segments, total MU, MU efficiency, number of segments per beam, and delivery time. The IMRT plans were delivered on an Elekta Synergy linear accelerator with step‐and‐shoot technique. This linac has 4‐mm MLC.IMRT QA was performed with field by field review using a diode array device Mapcheck. Results: Monaco plans showed similar target dose coverage as XiO plans and improved organ sparing in some cases. The ratios (Monaco/XiO) of number of total segments, total MU, number of segments per beam, and MU efficiency (Dose/MU) were 0.21–0.76, 0.56–0.77, 0.21–0.50, and 1.31–1.86, respectively. The delivery time of a Monaco plan was shorter than the XiO plan having the same number of beams by approximately 33%. IMRT QA pass rates of the Monaco plans were 93.8%–97.6% for the criteria of 3‐mm, 3%, and 10% threshold, which in three cases were higher than the XiO plans (93.1%–96.6%). Conclusion: The IMRT plans from the Monaco treatment planning system showed advantages over XiO plans. These advantages include smaller number of segments, smaller MU, smaller number of segments per beam, and higher MU efficiency. Additionally, the delivery time was shorter. The QA pass rates were similar to or higher than the XiO plans.
Optimum wavelengths in continuous-wave multi-spectral diffuse optical tomography

We derive conditions for unique and simultaneous recovery of chromophore concentrations and scatterering coefficients in multi-spectral CW DOT. We demonstrate a methodology for choosing optimum wavelengths, which gives superior separation of absorption and scatterering chromophores.
Variation in electronic health record adoption and readiness for meaningful use: 2008-2011.

BACKGROUND Federal initiatives are underway that provide physicians with financial incentives for meaningful use (MU) of electronic health records (EHRs) and assistance to purchase and implement EHRs.
Tuberculous meningitis in the 1830s.

Abstract 150 years ago the term tuberculous meningitis was not used: various other diagnostic terms were assigned to patients with the disease. The diagnostic term used most frequently for children was acute hydrocephalus. Physicians were unsure of the aetiology ofthe disease and often disputed their positions. Terms now used for distinct conditions were frequently used as synonyms for the same disease. Between 1830 and 1836 a series of articles appeared in The Lancet; this series shows the development of the disease's classification from the confused state of affairs in the early 1830s to the publication of a definitive article resulting in a significant advance in medicine.
HUMAN ZFM1 PROTEIN IS A TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR THAT INTERACTS WITH THE TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATION DOMAIN OF STAGE-SPECIFIC ACTIVATOR PROTEIN

Abstract Stage-specific activator protein (SSAP) is the transcription factor responsible for the activation of the sea urchin late H1 gene at the mid-blastula stage of embryogenesis. SSAP contains an extremely potent transcription activation domain that functions 4–5-fold better than VP16 in a variety of mammalian cell lines. We used the two-hybrid screening technique to identify human cDNAs from an HL60 cell-derived cDNA library that encode proteins that interact with the transcription activation domain of SSAP. One of these cDNAs encodes ZFM1, a protein previously identified at the locus linked to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) and as presplicing factor SF1. Functional assays establish the ZFM1 protein as a transcriptional repressor. ZFM1 protein represses Gal4-GQC-mediated transcription, and this activity requires both a repression domain found in the N-terminal 137 amino acids of the protein, as well as a GQC interaction region. The physiological significance of repression mediated by ZFM1 comes from the ability of its specific repression domain to function when fused to Gal4 and tethered to promoters containing Gal4 binding sites. The activity is unique in that activated but not basal transcription levels are affected.
Structure formation with decaying neutrinos.

We consider the effects of a massive, unstable neutrino on the evolution of large-scale structure and anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background. A comparison with large-scale structure data allows us to rule out a wide range of masses and lifetimes for such neutrinos. We also define a range of masses and lifetimes which delay matter-radiation equality and improve the agreement with the data of cold dark matter models with critical density.
Fluorescence Quantum Efficiencies of Octa-coordinated Europium Homogeneous and Mixed Chelates in Organic Solvents

Fluorescence quantum efficiencies of octa- coordinated europium homogeneous and mixed chelates in organic solvents, noting effect of oxygen removal
IN VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY TO TEMAFLOXACIN IN FEMALE GENITAL TRACT BACTEROIDES ISOLATES

Abstract Agar dilution susceptibility testing of temafloxacin, cefotetan, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin was performed in 103 genital tract isolates of Bacteroides . The respective minimum inhibitory concentration inhibiting 90% of the strains tested were temafloxacin, 4 μg/ml; cefotetan, 256 μg/ml; clindamycin, 8 μg/ml; and ciprofloxacin, 16 μg/ml. Temafloxacin is effective against genital tract isolates of Bacteroides ; therefore, clinical evaluation of temafloxacin in pelvic infections is warranted.
Low-voltage diode-configured sige:C HBT triggered ESD power clamps using a raised extrinsic base 200/285 GHz (f T /f MAX ) SiGe:C HBT device

As the faster transistors are produced in BiCMOS SiGe technology, low voltage trigger ESD networks will be required to achieve good ESD protection. Diode-configured SiGe HBT trigger elements are used in a SiGe C HBT power clamp network in a 200/285 GHz fT/fMAX silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology in a 0.13-propm CMOS technology base.
Interaction of potato production systems and the environment: a case of waste water irrigation in central Washington

Potato production and processing are very important activities in the agricultural economy of the Pacific Northwest. Part of the reason for the development of this industry has been the availability of water for both growing and processing. A great amount of water is used in processing potato products, such as frozen French fries, and the waste water is a pollutant because it contains high levels of nitrate and other nutrients. Using this waste water to irrigate the fields can be a suitable disposal method. Field application will reduce potato fertilizer costs, but it can also cause underground water contamination if over-applied to the field. In this econometric study, we used field data associated with current waste water applications in central Washington to examine the yield response as well as the soil nitrogen content response to waste water applications. Our results from the production model show that both water and nitrogen positively affect crop yields at the current levels of application, but potassium has been over applied. This implies that replacing some waste water with fresh water and nitrogen fertilizer will increase production. The environmental model results show that applying more nitrogen to the soil leads to more movement below the root zone. The results also suggest that higher crop yields lead to less nitrogen in the soil, and applying more water increases crop yields, which can reduce the nitrogen left in the soil. Therefore, relative to the current practice, waste water application rates should be reduced and supplemented with fresh water to enhance nitrogen use by plants and reduce residual nitrogen in the soil.
The Processing of Frequency Information: An Automatic Mechanism?.

Aspects of the processing of frequency information were investigated in two studies. In one, students at four ages from grade two to college were either informed or not prior to the presentation of a list of words whose true frequency varied from zero to five, that their subsequent task would be to judge the number of times that each word appeared. Second graders were as prepared to process frequency differences as adults. A second study showed that practice at frequency counting does not improve the performance of young adults and neither does the provision of specific feedback regarding the accuracy of earlier performance. Frequency tagging appears to be an automatic aspect of the processing of information.
Adenosine 5'-triphosphate promotes mineralization in differentiating chick limb-bud mesenchymal cell cultures.

When chick limb-bud mesenchymal cells are plated in micromass culture, they differentiate to form a mineralizable cartilage matrix. Previous studies have demonstrated that, when the total inorganic phosphate concentration of the medium is adjusted to 3–4 mM by adding inorganic phosphate to the basal medium, the mineralized matrix formed resembles that of chick calcified cartilage in ovo. When the high-energy phosphates adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) or creatine phosphate are used as supplements in place of inorganic phosphate, the mineralized matrix as analyzed by electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microscopy is also similar to that in ovo. This is in marked contrast to the mineralized matrix formed in the presence of 2.5–5 mM β-glycerophosphate, where mineral deposition is random and mineral crystal sizes in general are larger. This is also in contrast to the known ability of ATP to inhibit mineral deposition in solution in the absence of cells. In the differentiating mesenchymal cell culture system, ATP does not alter the rate of cell proliferation (DNA content), the rate of matrix synthesis (3H-leucine uptake), the mean crystallite length, or the rate of mineral deposition (45Ca uptake) when contrasted with cultures supplemented with inorganic phosphate. However, ATP does increase the mineral to matrix ratio, especially around the edge of the culture, where a type I collagen matrix is present. It is suggested that ATP promotes mineral deposition by providing a high-energy phosphate source, which may be used to phosphorylate extracellular matrix proteins and to regulate calcium flux through cell membranes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common presenting problem. Objective Our aim was to compare the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation (maneuver) vs. conventional therapy (medications) in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with BPPV. Methods This was a prospective, single-blinded physician, randomized pilot study comparing two groups of patients who presented to the ED with a diagnosis of BPPV at a Level 1 trauma center with an annual census of approximately 75,000. The first group received standard medications and the second group received a canalith repositioning maneuver. The Dizziness Handicap Inventory was used to measure symptom resolution. Results Twenty-six patients were randomized; 11 to the standard treatment arm and 15 to the interventional arm. Mean age ± standard deviation of subjects randomized to receive maneuver and medication were 59 ± 12.6 years and 64 ± 11.2 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in mean ages between the two treatment arms ( p = 0.310). Two hours after treatment, the symptoms between the groups showed no difference in measures of nausea ( p = 0.548) or dizziness ( p = 0.659). Both groups reported a high level of satisfaction, measured on a 0−10 scale. Satisfaction in subjects randomized to receive maneuver and medication was 9 ± 1.5 and 9 ± 1.0, respectively; there was no significant difference in satisfaction between the two arms ( p = 0.889). Length of stay during the ED visit did not differ between the treatment groups ( p = 0.873). None of the patients returned to an ED for similar symptoms. Conclusions This pilot study shows promise, and would suggest that there is no difference in symptomatic resolution, ED length of stay, or patient satisfaction between standard medical care and canalith repositioning maneuver. Physicians should consider the canalith repositioning maneuver as a treatment option.
Studies on histidinol dehydrogenase preliminary crystallographic data

Abstract Crystals of histidinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23) from Salmonella typhimurium have been obtained in large size suitable for single crystal X-ray studies. The following crystal data were obtained on examination of a number of X-ray precession photographs; crystal system monoclinic, a = 149.6 A , b = 88.9 A , c = 105.6 A , β = 124.5 °, space group C2. The density of the crystal measured by flotation in bromobenzene/xylene mixture is 1.186 g/cm3. There is one dimer molecule of molecular weight 80,000 in one crystallographically asymmetric unit.
Effects of DNA-repair processes on the induction of genetic duplications in bacteria by ultraviolet light.

Abstract A straightforward positive selection for genetic duplication is possible in strains of Salmonella typhimurium that carry the aroC321 allele. Strains with a single copy of this allele require phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan for growth. Such strains give rise to tryptophan prototrophs, which still require phenylalanine and tyrosine, through the formation of a duplication that includes about 30% of the chromosome. We have constructed strains that permit the simultaneous study of duplications and mutations and have used these strains to explore the effects of DNA repair processes on the induction of duplications by ultraviolet light (UV). UV causes dose-dependent increases in the frequency of duplications in bacteria. The exposure required to induce duplications is much less is much less in a ΔuvrB strain than in repair-proficient strains, suggesting that duplications result from DNA lesions that are subject to excision repair. The photoreversibility of UV-induced preduplication lesions implicates pyrimidine dimers in the induction of duplications. Unlike its effect on the induction of mutations, the error-prone repair process associated with plasmid pKM101 does not enhance the induction of duplications. The prevention of duplication-formation by a recA mutation suggests that the formation of duplications involves recombinational events. Taken together, the data indicate that the same DNA lesions can be mutagenic and recombinagenic in bacteria, but that the two effects involve different pathways of processing DNA damage.
A comparison of the impacts of continuous and interval cycle exercise on perceived exertion

AbstractRatings of perceived exertion (RPE) were developed to assess exertion during exercise testing. However, assessments of RPE prior to and after exercise have become common and potentially important in understanding exercise behaviour. The purpose of this project was to compare RPE taken before, during and after interval and continuous exercise sessions. Twenty-four participants (12 men, 12 women, body mass index = 24, = 41 mL · kg · min−1) completed a maximal cycle ergometer test used to prescribe experimental trials: (1) moderate continuous (MC), (2) vigorous continuous (VC), (3) vigorous interval and (4) severe interval. All trials were 20 minutes in length and all intervals utilised 60-second segments and a 1:1 work-to-rest ratio. Predicted exertion was highest in the continuous vigorous trial (p < .05). Exertion increased from beginning to end in all trials (p < .05). Session RPE values were highest for the continuous vigorous trial (p < .05). Findings suggest that interval protocols produce per...
The Niemann-Pick Disease Genes: Regulators of Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis

Cellular cholesterol homeostasis is maintained through activation of the designated sterol regulatory element binding proteins and liver X receptor transcriptional pathways. Insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate these pathways has come from the study of Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease. Mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 disease genes lead to lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and defects in regulation of sterol homeostatic responses. NPC1 and NPC2 are key participants in intracellular cholesterol trafficking and are required for production of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-derived oxysterols. In this review, the function of NPC1 and NPC2 in sterol trafficking and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis is examined. Study of the NPC proteins will further understanding of the mechanisms involved in atherogenesis.
Design of a Wave-Rotor Transition Duct

A duct was designed to transition flow from the low-pressure exhaust port of a wave rotor to the exhaust piping of a test cell. The transition duct has an annular cross-section with an inflow of 86 degrees and an outflow of 180 degrees. The geometry was generated analytically with automated grid generation for analysis using the Wind-US computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Design factors were examined using methods of statistical design of experiments (DoE) to obtain an optimum duct that maximized total pressure recovery and static pressure coefficient while maintaining reasonable values of outflow total pressure distortion and exit flow angularity. The duct has been fabricated and is scheduled to be tested in the NASA-Glenn Wave-Rotor Component Rig.