cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Target tracking with explicit control of filter lag

Presents a method of gain adjustment for an alpha-beta filter when data points are lost or when the tracking interval changes. The steady-state position and velocity lags are first derived for a step acceleration input. The standard predictor-corrector forms of the filter equations are algebraically rearranged into two uncoupled difference equations; one equation for the smoothed position and one for smoothed velocity. The equations are then solved for the smoothed estimates using the method of undetermined coefficients. The solution is shown to consist of the input acceleration, transient terms and steady-state lags. The transient terms counteract the effects of the steady-state lags until the time determined by the filter's lag time. The steady-state lags are used for optimal adjustment of filter gains for aperiodic track conditions. For a varying track update interval, the filter gains which preserve a nominal periodic filter lag are derived. Such gain selection preserves the nominal lags associated with the constant tracking interval regardless of how the update interval varies. An example demonstrates the improvement in performance from using this approach.
Pyogenic Granuloma Presenting as an Orbital Mass

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) of the eyelid and orbit is typically associated with trauma or surgery. We report a rare case of an orbital intraconal PG arising de novo in association with an orbital artery.
SoDA: implementation of a 3D alignment algorithm for inference of antigen receptor recombinations

Motivation: The antigen receptors of adaptive immunity---T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins---are encoded by genes assembled stochastically from combinatorial libraries of gene segments. Immunoglobulin genes then experience further diversification through hypermutation. Analysis of the somatic genetics of the immune response depends explicitly on inference of the details of the recombinatorial process giving rise to each of the participating antigen receptor genes. We have developed a dynamic programming algorithm to perform this reconstruction and have implemented it as web-accessible software called SoDA (Somatic Diversification Analysis). Results: We tested SoDA against a set of 120 artificial immunoglobulin sequences generated by simulation of recombination and compared the results with two other widely used programs. SoDA inferred the correct gene segments more frequently than the other two programs. We further tested these programs using 30 human immunoglobulin genes from Genbank and here highlight instances where the recombinations inferred by the three programs differ. SoDA appears generally to find more likely recombinations. Availability: SoDA is freely available for use via the web at the http://dulci.org/soda/ Contact: [email protected]
The Use of Day Reporting as an Intermediate Sanction: A Study of Offender Targeting and Program Termination

The 1994 North Carolina Structured Sentencing Act led to the increased use of intermediate sanctions such as day reporting centers. This study evaluates offender targeting and program termination among a sample of 204 offenders who were sentenced to a day reporting center (DRC) in a southeastern North Carolina county. Despite sentencing guidelines, judges sentenced some offenders to the day reporting center who were ineligible. Issues of net-widening and judicial compliance are addressed. Results show that the rate of program termination was high. Logistic regression analysis shows some offender characteristics that affect the likelihood of termination from the DRC.
Solifluction steps and risers, Lee Ridge, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA: a scale and pattern analysis

Solifluction patterns on Lee Ridge, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA, were characterized through a combination of field transects, enhanced, digital aircraft data, and geostatistics. The objectives were to (i) assess the role of high spatial resolution digital imagery for mapping the areal extent and spatial pattern of solifluction steps and risers through digital enhancements [i.e., principal components analysis (PCA) and wavelet transforms (WTFs)] of ADAR-5500 aircraft imagery; (ii) describe the pattern of solifluction steps and risers through the placement of twelve 50-m field transects oriented normal to the steps and risers and organized along an elevational gradient extending from highest to lowest positions along the ridge; (iii) define scale dependent relationships of the solifluction steps and risers mapped along one-dimensional field transects and two-dimensional remote sensing images using indicator semivariograms to define the structure of the spatial data across a range of sampled scales; and (iv) relate the solifluction patterns observed through the transects and the remote sensing interpretations to topographic trends associated with distance from the dominant peak, a proxy for elevation change along Lee Ridge. Findings suggest that the semivariance pattern of the transects changes with elevation, that is the semivariograms of the lower transects show smaller amplitudes and shorter wavelengths than those at higher elevations, and the pattern of steps and risers from the enhanced ADAR-5500 images indicate less variation in the semivariance with elevation than represented in the field transects.
Implantable microfluidic and electronic systems for insect flight manipulation

Insect micro air vehicles represent a promising alternative to traditional small scale aircraft because they combine the enhanced energy storage and maneuverability of living insects with the controllability offered by microelectromechanical systems. These systems have been previously demonstrated, usually using either electrical (with implanted electrodes) or chemical (with implanted microfluidics) control schemes, but to date little work has been done on the creation of hybrid systems that use both these methods simultaneously. In this paper, we develop an integrated microsystem that uses both chemical and electrical methods to modulate the flight activity of Manduca sexta moths. The integration of two control schemes is essential because it could increase the number of achievable flight routines and duration. The electrical component of the system initiates and maintains flight by applying electrical pulses to an antenna lobe and an implanted drug delivery component modulates flight output power by administering a neurotransmitter dose to the central nervous system. Flight duration results acquired with this system are compared with those obtained from direct mechanical stimulation. We demonstrate that the electrical stimulation provides as much as 35-fold enhancement in flight duration with respect to mechanical agitation and that a 50% mean flight power output reduction can be achieved with the proper neurotransmitter dose.
Genesis and significance of marsh islands within southeastern North Carolina lagoons

ABSTRACT Fifty-four islands of low relief, varying from 36 m to 1512 m long are present within the narrow, marsh-filled lagoons behind the barrier islands between New River Inlet and Carolina Beach Inlet in Southeastern North Carolina. Information derived from inspection of aerial photographs, historic maps and charts, and field data, indicate that these islands form where sands overtop marshes forming a narrow berm. These features likely form during periods of increased wave swash. The occurrence of these geomorphic features can be used to indicate the migration of a single inlet or several inlets along a zone prone to inlet formation. The islands consistently present a stratigraphic sequence where fine-grained, humic-stained, carbonate-free sands overlie muddy peat. Landward of these islands organic-rich peat sequences are commonly thick (>100 cm) while just seaward, peat sequences are thin (<30 cm). Vegetation composition and species diversity on the islands are dependent upon age and height above mean sea level. Saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) and sea oxeye (Borrichia frutescens) generally characterize young islands or those islands occasionally flooded by spring tides. On islands with relief greater than 1 meter, tidal flooding is uncommon. A diverse flora, including wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), red cedar (Juniperus virginiana), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), and occasional live oak (Quercus virginiana) succeed the colonizers, cordgrass and sea oxeye.
Induced resistance against spider mites in cotton: field verification

Cotton plants that had been damaged by spider mites (Tetranychus spp.) or by mechanical abrasion at the cotyledon stage were less likely to develop infestations of spider mites compared to controls early in the season. These are the first field results to demonstrate that induced resistance can reduce pest populations in an agricultural system. Differences in mite populations early in the season caused by induced resistance did not translate into differences in plant growth or cotton yield at harvest. Resume Verification au champ de la resistance du coton induite par les acariens Les plants de coton qui ont ete endommagees, au stade cotyledons, par des acariens ou par une abrasion mecanique, ont moins de chance que les temoins, de presenter ulterieurement des degats dus aux acariens. C'est la premiere fois que des resultats montrent qu'une resistance induite peut reduire les populations dans un agrosysteme. Les differences ulterieures dans les populations d'acariens, ne transparaissent pas au niveau de la croissance du coton ou de la production au moment de la recolte.
Reactive Oxygen Species Released from Mitochondria during Brief Hypoxia Induce Preconditioning in Cardiomyocytes

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to participate in the induction of cardiac preconditioning. However, their source and mechanism of induction are unclear. We tested whether brief hypoxia induces preconditioning by augmenting mitochondrial generation of ROS in chick cardiomyocytes. Cells were preconditioned with 10 min of hypoxia, followed by 1 h of simulated ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. Preconditioning decreased cell death from 47 +/- 3% to 14 +/- 2%. Return of contraction was observed in 3/3 preconditioned versus 0/6 non-preconditioned experiments. During induction, ROS oxidation of the probe dichlorofluorescin (sensitive to H2O2) increased approximately 2.5-fold. As a substitute for hypoxia, the addition of H2O2 (15 micromol/liter) during normoxia also induced preconditioning-like protection. Conversely, the ROS signal during hypoxia was attenuated with the thiol reductant 2-mercaptopropionyl glycine, the cytosolic Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid, and the anion channel inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonate, all of which also abrogated protection. ROS generation during hypoxia was attenuated by myxothiazol, but not by diphenyleneiodonium or the nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor L-nitroarginine. We conclude that hypoxia increases mitochondrial superoxide generation which initiates preconditioning protection. Furthermore, mitochondrial anion channels and cytosolic dismutation to H2O2 may be important steps for oxidant induction of hypoxic preconditioning.
Middle Cerebral Artery Arrow Sign

A 54-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with sudden onset severe headache, nausea and vomiting upon waking that morning. On examination, she was alert and oriented, with a mild right facial droop and a right upper extremity pronator drift. A non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed diffuse subarachnoid blood, with a prominent triangular focus projecting into the left Sylvian fissure (Figure). Figure Left MCA arrow sign.
Infectious diseases in sports.

Participation in sports in on the increase: this article addresses the intersection of sports and infectious diseases. Some infections occur with increased incidence in sports; others have an increased impact in that setting. Addressed in this article are issues of diagnosis, prevention, and management of many of these infections. Included are skin/soft tissue infections, infections related to water exposure, viral infections, infections related to blood exposures and vaccinations.
The theoretical prediction of the physical properties of many electron atoms and ions. Mole refraction, diamagnetic susceptibility, and extension in space

It is customary to express the empirical data concerning term values in the X-ray region by introducing an effective nuclear charge Zeff. e in the place of the true nuclear charge Z e in an equation theoretically applicable only to a hydrogen-like atom. Often a screening constant S is used, defined by the equation Zeff. = Z — S ; and this screening constant is qualitatively explained as due to the action of electrons which are nearer the nucleus than the electron under consideration, and which in effect partially neutralise the nuclear field. Thus the relativistic or magnetic doublet separation may be represented by the equation Δ v = R α 2/ n 3 k ( k — 1) (Z — s )4 + ... This equation, including succeeding terms, was obtained originally by Sommer­feld from relativistic considerations with the old quantum theory; the first term, except for the screening constant s0, has now been derived by Heisenberg and Jordanf with the use of the quantum mechanics and the idea of the spinning electron. The value of the screening constant is known for a number of doublets, and it is found empirically not to vary with Z. It has been found possible to evaluate s theoretically by means of the follow­ing treatment: (1) Each electron shell within the atom is idealised as a uniform surface charge of electricity of amount — zie on a sphere whose radius is equal to the average value of the electron-nucleus distance of the electrons in the shell. (2) The motion of the electron under consideration is then deter­mined by the use of the old quantum theory, the azimuthal quantum number being chosen so as to produce the closest approximation to the quantum mechanics. (3) Since s does not depend on Z, it is evaluated for large values of Z, by expanding in powers of zi /Z and neglecting powers higher than the first, and then comparing the expansion with that of the expression containing Z — s in powers of s /Z. The values of s obtained in this way* are in satis­factory agreement with the empirical ones, the agreement being excellent in the case of orbits of large excentricity, for which the idealisation of the electron shells would be expected to introduce only a small error.
Consistently dominant fault model for tristate buffer nets

Unknown values result from floating and contention type faults on tristate buffer nets thereby causing MISR signature loss during test pattern compression. A Consistently Dominant Fault model is presented that removes the problem and permits fault detection of several problem tristate buffer stuck faults.
Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation test: features of the stimulus

Fetal reactivity to acoustic stimulation is a long-recognized phenomenon. Obstetrical interest in this phenomenon is usually considered to have begun with peiper’s report in 1925 of marked fetal movements following a pulsed, loud sound. Occasional attention to the subject was given in the subsequent five decades. Read and Miller are often credited with writing the first comprehensive clinical study of the usefulness of acoustic stimulation in evaluating fetal health. A clear finding in this study was the correlation between an abnormal contraction stress test and faliure of the fetus to respond to stimulation.
Integrative annotation of human large intergenic noncoding RNAs reveals global properties and specific subclasses

Large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of diverse cellular processes. Determining the function of individual lincRNAs remains a challenge. Recent advances in RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and computational methods allow for an unprecedented analysis of such transcripts. Here, we present an integrative approach to define a reference catalog of >8000 human lincRNAs. Our catalog unifies previously existing annotation sources with transcripts we assembled from RNA-seq data collected from ~4 billion RNA-seq reads across 24 tissues and cell types. We characterize each lincRNA by a panorama of >30 properties, including sequence, structural, transcriptional, and orthology features. We found that lincRNA expression is strikingly tissue-specific compared with coding genes, and that lincRNAs are typically coexpressed with their neighboring genes, albeit to an extent similar to that of pairs of neighboring protein-coding genes. We distinguish an additional subset of transcripts that have high evolutionary conservation but may include short ORFs and may serve as either lincRNAs or small peptides. Our integrated, comprehensive, yet conservative reference catalog of human lincRNAs reveals the global properties of lincRNAs and will facilitate experimental studies and further functional classification of these genes.
A GENERAL THEORY OF FINITE ELEMENTS II. APPLICATIONS

SUMMARY In Part I of the this paper. topological properties of finite element models of functions defined on spaces of finite dimension were examined. In this part, a number of applications of the general theory are presented. These include the generation of finite element models in the time domain and certain problems in wave propagation, kinetic theory of gases, non-linear partial differential equations, non-linear continuum mechanics, and fluid dynamics.
The Molecular Biology of Leukocyte Chemoattractant Receptors

Leukocytes migrate from the blood to sites of inflammation in response to locally produced chemoattractants that activate specific cell surface receptors. The primary structures of leukocyte receptors for N-formyl peptides, C5a, platelet-activating factor, and 8 of the 18 known human chemokines (interleukin-8 and related molecules) have been deduced from cloned cDNAs. All of these are seven-transmembrane-domain rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors. Biochemical and molecular genetic analysis of the chemoattractant receptors indicates that the chemoattractants may have both broadly overlapping as well as specialized roles in the regulation of acute and chronic inflammation. Interestingly, the chemokine receptors have functional homologues in human cytomegalovirus and Herpesvirus saimiri. Moreover, the Duffy antigen, which mediates invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium vivax, a major cause of malaria, is also a chemokine binding protein. These surprising developments suggest that in addition to leukocyte-mediated inflammation, the chemokines may also be involved in erythrocyte function and, through molecular mimicry, in microbial pathogenesis.
Forecast Experiments with a Global Finite-Difference Semi-Lagrangian Model

Abstract A series of 10-day forecast experiments has been carried out to investigate the sensitivity of a global semi-Lagrangian model to the value of the uncentering parameter ϵ, the magnitude of the time step for the dynamics, and the numerical treatment of the physical parameterizations (semi-Lagrangian versus Eulerian). The model has been run at a resolution of 2° latitude by 2.5° longitude with 20 vertical levels. Results from the experiments with values of ϵ ranging from 0 to 0.4 show that ϵ = 0.2 gives the best overall forecasts. The experiments with the time step for the dynamics varying from 15 to 60 min indicate that the forecasts are sensitive to the time step for the dynamics, even when the time steps for the physical parameterizations are held constant. The forecasts with the 60-min time step for the dynamics show the best overall objective skill scores. The two versions of the semi-Lagrangian model, one with Eulerian physics and the other with semi-Lagrangian physics, give similar forecast s...
Braking and Steering Performance Analysis of a Road Vehicle with Active Independent Front Steering

Active front steering (AFS) systems help achieve target handling performance through simultaneous applications of steering corrections to both the wheels, but may exhibit limited performance during high-speed manoeuvres. This study explores the effectiveness of an active independent front steering (AIFS) system under application of braking to demonstrate that it could not only overcome the limitation of the AFS but also provide sufficient adhesion reserve for generating longitudinal forces. A simple AIFS controller is synthesised using the yaw rate feedback and the tyres' saturation limits. The simulation results are obtained under a wide range of braking-in-turn manoeuvres in different road conditions. Comparisons of the results with those obtained with the conventional AFS suggested greater effectiveness of the AIFS under high-speed manoeuvres. A parametric study is subsequently conducted to study the robustness of the AIFS performance. The results demonstrated enhanced braking-in-turn performance of the AIFS under conditions where the understeer handling characteristic exists.
Using ToxCast to Explore Chemical Activities and Hazard Traits: A Case Study With Ortho-Phthalates

US EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCastTM) is a tool with potential use in evaluating safer consumer products, conducting chemical alternatives analyses, prioritizing chemicals for exposure monitoring, and ultimately performing screening-level risk assessments. As a case study exploring a potential use of ToxCast, we evaluated ToxCast results for ortho-phthalates focused on the well-established toxicological endpoints of some members of this class. We compared molecular perturbations measured in ToxCast assays with the known apical toxicity endpoints of o-phthalates reported in the open literature to broadly reflect on the predictive capability of the high-throughput screening (HTS) assays. We grouped the ToxCast assays into defined sets to examine o-phthalate activity and potency. This study revealed several links between key molecular events assayed in vitro and chemical-specific hazard traits. In general, parent o-phthalates are more active than their monoester metabolites. The medium-chain length o-phthalate group is also more active than other o-phthalate groups, as supported by Toxicological Priority Index ranking and statistical methods. Some HTS assay results correlated with in vivo findings, but others did not. For example, there was a notable lack of assay activity to explain the known male reproductive toxicity of these compounds. Ultimately, HTS data resources such as ToxCast may inform us of sensitive upstream toxicity endpoints and may assist in the rapid identification of environmental chemical hazards for screening and prioritization. However, this case study shows that the absence of positive results in ToxCast in vitro assays cannot be interpreted as absence of related in vivo toxicity, and limited biological coverage by the assays remains a concern.
Guide to interpreting disease responses in chronic myeloid leukemia.

With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia, the course of the disease has been altered from an acute, rapidly progressive terminal disorder to a serious condition with high remission rates when patients are compliant with long-term treatment. The goal of therapy is to prevent transformation to the accelerated or blast crisis phases, which are associated with poor survival. Knowledge of the appropriate monitoring tests and treatment milestones, as well as the ability to interpret responses, allows advanced practitioners (APs) to effectively communicate key aspects of management to their patients. Monitoring patient responses to TKIs and identifying suboptimal responses early on offer APs the opportunity to reevaluate and adjust therapeutic treatment options. One of the causes of treatment failure is noncompliance; thus, educating patients on the importance of adhering to treatment and identifying reasons for noncompliance are of major importance. Because intolerance to TKIs may lead to discontinuation, frequent monitoring of side effects and response to treatment, open communication, patient education, and careful management are all essential in helping patients remain compliant with therapy. This review discusses the AP’s role in helping patients achieve their best response to TKI therapy and optimize their long-term outcomes. J Adv Pract Oncol 2012;3:225–236
Technical notes on a radiolucent distractor for indirect reduction and intramedullary nailing.

Abstract For many years, the fracture table has served as the gold standard for the application of the distraction forces necessary to indirectly reduce fractures during internal fixation procedures. However, the fracture table is expensive, often is cumbersome, requires intraoperative adjustment by "nonscrubbed" personnel, can be difficult to use in the care of multiply traumatized patients, and often is unsuitable for the morbidly obese patient. This technical note describes the application of distraction with a sterile device that is used "in the surgical field" and applies distraction from a K-wire (or Steinman pin) tensioner to either another K-wire tensioner or a "perineal post." The multiply traumatized patient who is placed on a radiolucent table for thoracoabdominal procedures can undergo intramedullary nailing using this device without requiring transfer to a fracture table (or alternatively without requiring that surgical team members apply manual distraction during the nailing procedure). Such a device also can be used to apply distraction for tibial nailing, for indirect reduction and plating, and for hip and ankle arthroscopy.
13C-1H and 13C-13C NMR J-Couplings in 13C-Labeled N-Acetyl-neuraminic Acid : Correlations with Molecular Structure

N-Acetyl-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac, 2) was prepared enzymatically containing single sites of 13C-enrichment at C1, C2, and C3. Aqueous solutions of the three 13C isotopomers were studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy at p2H 2 and pH 8 to obtain JCH and JCC values involving the labeled carbons. Experimental studies were complemented by DFT calculations of the same set of J-couplings in protonated and ionized structural mimics of 2 to determine how well theoretical predictions match the experimental findings in saccharides bearing ionizable functionality. Results show that: (a) 2JC2,H3ax/eq values in 2 depend on anomeric configuration, thus complementing 3JC1,H3ax/eq behavior, (b) JCH and JCC values involving C2 depend on anomeric configuration, the C1−C2 bond torsion, and solution pH, and (c) long-range 4JC2,H7 is sensitive to glycerol side-chain conformation. Intraring JHH and most 2JCH, 3JCH, 2JCC, and 3JCC involving C1−C3 of 2 appear largely unaffected by the ionization state of the carboxyl group. In va...
Ultrasound Percutaneous Tenotomy for Epicondylitis

Background:Definitive management of chronic tendinopathy is problematic in general and no less so at the elbow.Rationale:With increased accuracy of localization by ultrasound guidance, a novel percutaneous tenotomy technique using ultrasound energy has been developed.Procedure:The technique is strai
Competing Magnetic Interactions in Magnetoelectric YbMnO3

We clarify here certain aspects of the magnetic field (H) – temperature (T) phase diagram of YbMnO3, a hexagonal Rare-Earth manganite oxide in which two multiferroic ordered states – ferroelectricity and antiferromagnetism coexist at low temperature. Single crystals of YbMnO3 were carefully grown from a Floating Zone (FZ) at low speed, then oriented and studied at variable temperature and magnetic field. Magnetization and heat capacity measurement show features corresponding to the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering of Mn3+, and the rare earth Yb3+. We find that the ordering temperature of Mn3+ is independent of applied magnetic field up to 5T. However, contrary to previous reports in flux-grown crystals, we do not observe a complete suppression of Yb3+ order above 0.1T. Instead, we find that Yb3+ remains at least up to 1 T, suggesting a revision of our current understanding of the ordering mechanism of the Mn-Yb and Yb –Yb sub-lattices in this hexagonal structure.
Effect of Long Period Waves on Hydrographic Surveys

In conjunction with routine hydrographic surveys at Santa Cruz Harbor, California, bottom elevation discrepancies were observed which were not associated with positional errors It was suspected that these errors were associated with long period wave activity, common at this particular location on the Pacific Coast The existing practice for obtaining hydrographic soundings is by use of floating craft using either echo sounding techniques or a "lead line " Both of the above techniques utilize the instantaneous water surface at the survey boat as a datum reference Normally the water surface elevation is determined by use of a water level recorder Based on the analysis of 50 repetitions of a well monumented cross section in Santa Cruz Harbor, it was concluded that long period waves affect the results of hydrographic surveys by slowly varying the datum plane In the case of Santa Cruz Harbor, the maximum error due to this effect would be about +15 feet.
Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin Caused by Single Nucleotide Promoter Mutations in Sickle Cell Trait and Hb SC Disease

Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) can be caused by point mutations in the γ-globin gene promoters. We report three rare cases: a child compound heterozygous for Hb S (HBB: c.20A > T) and HPFH with a novel point mutation in the (A)γ-globin gene promoter who had 42.0% Hb S, 17.0% Hb A and 38.0% Hb F; a man with Hb SC (HBB: c.19G > A) disease and a point mutation in the (G)γ-globin gene promoter who had 54.0% Hb S, 18.0% Hb C and 25.0% Hb F; a child heterozygous for Hb S and HPFH due to mutations in both the (A)γ- and (G)γ-globin gene promoters in cis [(G)γ(A)γ(β(+)) HPFH], with 67.0% Hb A, 6.5% Hb S and 25.0% Hb F.
Inlet Air Temperature Measurement in Air-cooled Condenser Performance Test for 660 MW Unit

Combined with air-cooled performance test of certain 660MW unit,the effect of inlet air temperature upon condenser performance calculation is analyzed.In accordance with VGB guideline DL/T 525-1995 specification,the layout of test point under each condition is suggested.The paper can supply reference for related air-cooled condenser performance test.
A traction load modeling method based on equivalent transformation

A model is established which transforms traction load equivalently to network short-term fault.Based on analysis on wiring model of Scott traction transformer,traction load on the transformer secondary side is transformed to primary side and connected to regional power network as short-term network fault.The impact,nonlinearity and asymmetry characteristics of traction load are represented in the model.The comparison between simulation results with PSASP software package based on both impact load model and transformation model shows the validity of the proposed method.The impact of traction load on power quality of regional power network is also analyzed based on the calculation of related power quality indexes.
INR Stability, Clinical Importance, and Predictors in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Venous Thromboembolism Receiving Vitamin K Antagonists:

Objective: Compare and contrast systematic reviews/meta-analyses assessing the time in the therapeutic range (TTR) for vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), clinical impact, and predictors. Data Sources: O...
Pyrolysis and Catalytic Upgrading of Pinewood Sawdust Using an Induction Heating Reactor

The upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil is an important process for obtaining stable, high-quality bio-oil. Rapid and uniform heating of both the biomass and the catalyst bed plays an important role in the product quality and in the overall process efficiency. Induction heating offers numerous advantages over conventional heating methods: rapid, efficient heating and precise temperature control. In this study, an advanced induction heating technology was tested for pyrolysis as well as catalyst bed heating. Three different catalyst-to-biomass ratios were studied (1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1 weight basis), and the effect of catalyst bed temperature (290, 330, and 370 °C) was also investigated. The results were compared with conventionally heated catalyst bed reactor. Higher-quality bio-oil was obtained with induction heating reactor with increased yield of aromatic hydrocarbons and reduced oxygen content compared to conventional heating. Inductively heated catalyst was also observed to have lower carbon deposition afte...
The use of computational modeling to link sensory processing with behavior in Drosophila

Understanding both how the brain represents information and how these representations drive behaviour are major goals of systems neuroscience. Even though genetic model organisms like Drosophila grant unprecedented experimental access to the nervous system for manipulating and recording neural activity, the complexity of natural stimuli and natural behaviours still poses significant challenges for solving the connections between neural activity and behaviour. Here, we advocate for the use of computational modelling to complement (and enhance) the Drosophila toolkit. We first lay out a modelling framework for making sense of the relation between natural sensory stimuli, neuronal responses, and natural behaviour. We then highlight how this framework can be used to reveal how neural circuits drive behaviour, using selected case studies.
Development of a novel iNOS inhibitor that retards melanoma metastasis

2 Melanoma, in its advanced stages, is the most deadly form of skin cancer due to its high metastatic potential and drug resistance. Alterations in expression or activity of various genes and signaling pathways promote melanoma development. Recent studies have implicated iNOS as an important therapeutic target to prevent melanoma. Among the three isoforms of NOS that are present in various human tissues, eNOS and nNOS are calcium dependent endogenous enzymes and produce significantly low levels of NO compared to the calcium independent inducible form iNOS. Nitric oxide (NO) is a small endogenous ubiquitously present signaling molecule with a diverse array of physiological activities that include regulation of blood flow, immunity, inflammation, and cell survival. It has been implicated in the maintenance of malignant phenotype of many cancer types. NO is synthesized from L-Arginine by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). Elevated iNOS expression/activity has been reported in cancers of colon, oral, esophagus and lung. In vitro studies using iNOS inhibitors, s-methylisothiourea (SMT) and aminoguanidine (AMG), have demonstrated that inhibition of NO production induced apoptotic pathways mediated via caspase-1/3, and PARP cleavage. Furthermore poor survival rates have been reported in patients expressing high levels of iNOS protein. Currently available iNOS inhibitors are non-specific and lack potency. Here, we report development of a potent selenium derivative of the iNOS inhibitor s,s’-1,4-phenylene-bis(1,2-ethanediyl)bis-isothiourea (PBIT). We found that iNOS is expressed uniformly in a panel of melanoma cells derived from melanoma tumors at different stages of development. In vitro studies using early and metastatic melanoma cell lines showed that Se-PBIT but not PBIT or their corresponding monosubstituted derivatives (PEIS and PEIT) are effective at inducing apoptosis and thereby inhibiting melanoma cell proliferation. In animals, Se-PBIT treatment lead to a significant reduction (~2.5 fold) in lung metastasis development compared to PBIT, PEIS, or PEIT controls. Collectively these results suggest that Se-PBIT may be effective for inhibiting the development of melanoma metastasis and other tumor types in which iNOS plays an important role in tumorigenesis or metastasis.
Abstract 3471: Replication of megabase-size alpha-satellite DNA arrays in human centromere

Alphoid centromere array is composed by 171 bp AT rich alphoid monomer that tandemly arranged into high order repeat unit up to 4 MB array. Hallmark of centromeric DNA is CENPB box, a 17 bp motif that is a binding site of CENPB. As the chromosomal site that regulates the precise and accurate chromosome segregation, understanding DNA replication in centromere will reveal insight into faithful chromosome segregation that potentially influence cellular behavior in normal and cancer cell. The present of active replicons within alphoid centromere array are detected by enrichment of nsDNA abundance. This finding is supported by evident of Orc2, Cdt1 and Treslin accumulation on the alphoid centromere array. Chromatin fiber analysis revealed that inter origin distance within alphoid centromere array is irregular. CENPB depletion that is affected centromeric chromatin structure enhances DNA replication activity within alphoid centromeric array, indicates centromeric chromatin landscape alteration affected centromeric DNA replication dynamic. Citation Format: Indri Erliandri. Replication of megabase-size alpha-satellite DNA arrays in human centromere [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3471. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3471
Fresnel spatial filtering of quasihomogeneous sources for wave optics simulations

High-spatial-frequency optical fields or sources are often encountered when simulating directed energy, active imaging, or remote sensing systems and scenarios. These spatially broadband fields are a challenge in wave optics simulations because the sampling required to represent and then propagate these fields without aliasing is often impractical. To address this, two spatial filtering techniques are presented. The first, called Fresnel spatial filtering, finds a spatially band-limited source that, after propagation, produces the exact observation plane field as the broadband source over a user-specified region of interest. The second, called statistical or quasihomogeneous spatial filtering, finds a spatially band-limited source that, after propagation and over a specified region of interest, yields an observation plane field that is statistically representative of that produced by the original broadband source. The pros and cons of both approaches are discussed in detail. A wave optics simulation of light transiting a ground glass diffuser and then propagating to an observation plane in the near-zone is performed to validate the two filtering approaches.
Temporal Expression of Wnt1 Defines the Competency State and Terminal Identity of Progenitors in the Developing Cochlear Nucleus and Inferior Colliculus.

The auditory system contains a diverse array of interconnected anatomical structures that mediate the perception of sound. The cochlear nucleus of the hindbrain serves as the initial site of convergence for auditory stimuli, while the inferior colliculus of the midbrain serves as an integration and relay station for all ascending auditory information. We used Genetic Inducible Fate Mapping (GIFM) to determine how the timing of Wnt1 expression is related to the competency states of auditory neuron progenitors. We demonstrate that the Wnt1 lineage defines progenitor pools of auditory neurons in the developing midbrain and hindbrain. The timing of Wnt1 expression specifies unique cell types during embryogenesis and follows a mixed model encompassing a brief epoch of de novo expression followed by rapid and progressive lineage restriction to shape the inferior colliculus. In contrast, Wnt1 fate mapping of the embryonic hindbrain revealed de novo induction of Wnt1 in auditory hindbrain progenitors, which is related to the development of biochemically distinct neurons in the cochlear nucleus. Thus, we uncovered two modes of lineage allocation that explain the relationship between the timing of Wnt1 expression and the development of the cochlear nucleus and the inferior colliculus. Finally, our analysis of Wnt1sw/sw mutant mice demonstrated a functional requirement of Wnt1 for the development of the auditory midbrain and hindbrain neurons. Collectively, our study provides a deeper understanding of Wnt1 lineage allocation and function in mammalian brain development.
Nietzsche, Dionysos, and the Crucified

Except for Freud, Nietzsche had the greatest influence on Rene Girard among nineteenth-century thinkers. Nietzsche’s thought concerning Christ, Christianity, and what he perceived as the Christian self-orientation forms a kind of negative parallel to Girard’s understanding. This article focuses on four areas of Nietzsche’s significance for Girard and the mimetic theory. (1) Overlapping areas of concern: mimesis and language, pity and resentment, friendship and difference. (2) Wagner, Dionysos, and Christ. (3) Nietzsche as Antichrist. (4) The founding murder. For Girard this is the crucifixion of Christ. For Nietzsche it is the “murder” of God, followed by the age of the new human being, the Overman, as announced by Nietzsche/Zarathustra.
Peroxisomes contribute to oxidative stress in neurons during doxorubicin-based chemotherapy

Doxorubicin, a commonly used anti-neoplastic agent, causes severe neurotoxicity. Doxorubicin promotes thinning of the brain cortex and accelerates brain aging, leading to cognitive impairment. Oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin contributes to cellular damage. In addition to mitochondria, peroxisomes also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote cell senescence. Here, we investigated if doxorubicin affects peroxisomal homeostasis in neurons. We demonstrate that the number of peroxisomes is increased in doxorubicin-treated neurons and in the brains of mice which underwent doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Pexophagy, the specific autophagy of peroxisomes, is downregulated in neurons, and peroxisomes produce more ROS. 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), an activator of the transcription factor TFEB, which regulates expression of genes involved in autophagy and lysosome function, mitigates damage of pexophagy and decreases ROS production induced by doxorubicin. We conclude that peroxisome-associated oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin may contribute to neurotoxicity, cognitive dysfunction, and accelerated brain aging in cancer patients and survivors. Peroxisomes might be a valuable new target for mitigating neuronal damage caused by chemotherapy drugs and for slowing down brain aging in general.
A Brief History and Perspective on Spirit Cave, Nevada

In 1940, Sydney and Georgia Wheeler recovered a remarkable assemblage of human remains and associated funerary objects in a small alcove they named Spirit Cave. Located in western Nevada, the signi...
The Skorohod Metric on D[0, ∞)

The uniform metric on D[0, 1] is the best choice for applications where the limit distribution concentrates on C[0, 1], or on some other separable subset of D[0,1]. It is well suited for convergence to brownian motion, brownian bridge, and the gaussian processes that appear as limits in the Empirical Central Limit Theorem. But it excludes, for example, poisson processes and other non-gaussian processes with independent increments, whose jumps are not constrained to lie in a fixed, countable subset of [0, 1]. To analyze such processes, Skorohod (1956) introduced four new metrics, all weaker than the uniform metric. Of these, the J1 metric has since become the most popular. (Too popular in my opinion—too often it is dragged into problems for which the uniform metric would suffice.) But Skorohod’s J1 metric on D[0, 1] will not be the main concern of this chapter. Instead we shall investigate a sort of J1 convergence on compacta for D[0, ∞], the space where the interesting applications live.
Baryon clustering at the critical line and near the hypothetical critical point in heavy-ion collisions

We study clustering of baryons at the freeze-out point of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using a Walecka-Serot model for the nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interaction we analyze how the modified critical $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ mode---responsible for the $NN$ attraction---allows for clustering of nucleons when the system is close to a possible critical point of QCD. We investigate clusters of few nucleons, and also the internal cluster configuration when the system is long lived. For realistic heavy-ion collisions we study to what extent light clusters, such as $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, can be formed in several $\mathrm{fm}/c$, and perform the statistical analysis of proton cumulants and higher-order moments (skewness and kurtosis) for collisions at the beam energy scan of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider.
Improving recall of regular expressions for information extraction

Learning or writing regular expressions to identify instances of a specific concept within text documents with a high precision and recall is challenging. It is relatively easy to improve the precision of an initial regular expression by identifying false positives covered and tweaking the expression to avoid the false positives. However, modifying the expression to improve recall is difficult since false negatives can only be identified by manually analyzing all documents, in the absence of any tools to identify the missing instances. We focus on partially automating the discovery of missing instances by soliciting minimal user feedback. We present a technique to identify good generalizations of a regular expression that have improved recall while retaining high precision. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique as compared to existing methods and show results for a variety of tasks such as identification of dates, phone numbers, product names, and course numbers on real world datasets.
Therapeutic mesenchymal stromal cells: where we are headed.

Abstract With a range of therapeutic uses, from diabetes and Crohn's disease to wound repair, interest in the function, characterization, and expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is growing rapidly. When considering the therapeutic use of MSCs, one must take into account a multitude of options including the ideal source of MSCs, the ideal donor, and the best means of expansion. Here we discuss different sources of MSCs, including cord blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue, the option of using autologous and allogeneic donors, and finally we discuss GMP-applicable expansion protocols aimed at expanding MSCs for clinical use.
Completion of base excision repair by mammalian DNA ligases

Three mammalian genes encoding DNA ligases--LIG1, LIG3, and LIG4--have been identified. Genetic, biochemical, and cell biology studies indicate that the products of each of these genes play a unique role in mammalian DNA metabolism. Interestingly, cell lines deficient in either DNA ligase I (46BR.1G1) or DNA ligase III (EM9) are sensitive to simple alkylating agents. One interpretation of these observations is that DNA ligases I and III participate in functionally distinct base excision repair (BER) subpathways. In support of this idea, extracts from both DNA ligase-deficient cell lines are defective in catalyzing BER in vitro and both DNA ligases interact with other BER proteins. DNA ligase I interacts directly with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and DNA polymerase beta (Pol beta), linking this enzyme with both short-patch and long-patch BER. In somatic cells, DNA ligase III alpha forms a stable complex with the DNA repair protein Xrcc1. Although Xrcc1 has no catalytic activity, it also interacts with Pol beta and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), linking DNA ligase III alpha with BER and single-strand break repair, respectively. Biochemical studies suggest that the majority of short-patch base excision repair events are completed by the DNA ligase III alpha/Xrcc1 complex. Although there is compelling evidence for the participation of PARP in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks, the role of PARP in BER has not been established.