cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two T-cell depletion methods of grafts from alternative donors for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation of patients with fanconi anemia.

Background & Aim Our program has used 2 T-cell depleted HSCT approaches for patients with FA for transplants from donors other than HLA matched siblings: 1) the Isolex 300i Magnetic Cell Selection System (Baxter) + sheep RBC depletion (E-) (TCD1) was used to achieve an approximate 5 log10 depletion of CD3+ cells, and (2) the CliniMACS device (Miltenyi; TCD2) was used as a sole TCD method with an approximate 4.5 log10 depletion of CD3+cells. Methods, Results & Conclusion We retrospectively reviewed charts of consecutive patients with FA who received a first HCT from alternative donors. We identified 42 patients with aplastic anemia, MDS or AML, 24 who received TCD1 (1999-2009) and 18 who received TCD2 (2010-present). Most patients in TCD1 received a TBI-based conditioning, while most in TCD2 received busulfan-based conditioning. Donors were matched unrelated, mismatched unrelated, or mismatched related. Because of the differences in the treatment periods, conditioning regimens, and disease breakdown, we analyzed the data specifically related to the T-cell depletion. Distributions of continuous variables were compared using a Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, while binary and categorical variables were compared using a Fisher's exact test. Grafts were G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells. T-cell depletions were performed as described. Table 1 provides demographics, cell doses and hematologic recovery data for TCD1 and TCD2. Median CD34 cell doses of the grafts did not differ significantly while median CD3 dose did (N=0.048). All but one patient engrafted. Two patients receiving grafts from mismatched unrelated donors developed grade 2-4 acute GvHD in TCD1, none in TCD2. Neutrophil engraftment did not significantly differ while platelet engraftment was more rapid with TCD1 (N=0.0045). CD4 recovery (Abs CD4 >200) and PHA recovery (50th%ile) differences were comparable (NS). In conclusion, no difference were noted between the Isolex E- T-cell depletion and the CliniMACS CD34 selection system, except for a more rapid platelet reconstitution for the CliniMACS column. There was no difference in risks of graft rejection and GvHD, and immune reconstitution was comparable in both cohorts. Future plans include the comparison of these methods to the TCR alpha beta depletion in this patient population.
Total Synthesis of VM55599. Utilization of an Intramolecular Diels−Alder Cycloaddition of Potential Biogenetic Relevance

The total synthesis of VM55599, a natural metabolite of Penicillium sp. IMI332995, has been achieved via an intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition of a reverse isoprene moiety across an azadiene system. The diastereoselectivity of the intramolecular Diels−Alder cycloaddition has biogenetic implications and is discussed in the context of the biogenetic relationship of VM55599 to the paraherquamides.
Using Digital Holography to Characterize Thin Layers and Harmful Algal Blooms in Aquatic Environments

Digital holography was used to characterize particle/plankton distributions, biophysical interactions and ‘patchiness’ phenomena including ‘thin layers’ and harmful algal blooms in diverse aquatic environments. An autonomous underwater holographic system with long-term deployment capabilities was developed.
Intensity Classification of Drills for a Collegiate Women’s Lacrosse Team: An Observational Study

Background: Balancing training load helps prevent injury and maximize performance, but coaches do not often know the load or intensity of drills when making selections for practice. Objective: This study aimed to classify the drills of a women’s collegiate lacrosse team into low, moderate, and high intensity categories. Methods: Twenty-five participants wore global positioning system (GPS) devices and heart rate (HR) monitors daily during team practice and scrimmage matches. The data collected was trimmed to reflect only the time the players practiced and then organized by drill. Mean HR, distance rate, and training impulse (TRIMP) scores were used to classify drills into tertiles: low, moderate, and high intensity. Results: A total of 56 unique drills were analyzed over 33 training days, with 24 drills considered moderate intensity, 17 drills were high intensity, and 15 drills were low intensity. By position, 17 drills were low intensity for the midfielders, followed by 16 for the attacker, and 12 for the defenders and goalies. The defenders had the highest number of moderate intensity drills with 27, followed by the attackers with 24, midfielders with 21, and goalies with 17. Lastly, midfielders and goalies had the highest number of high intensity drills with 18, followed by attackers with 17, and defenders with 16. Conclusions: These results will help the coaching and training staff manage workloads and potentially reduce risk of injury and overtraining by giving insight into the demands of each drill they require of their athletes.
The Rural RISE (Rural Initiatives Supporting Excellence)

Faculty from two universities in Florida and Ohio designed, developed and implemented programs to work with youth from their respective service regions to support college and career readiness initiatives. Both programs were directed by university faculty and utilized university resources to support K-12 students’ career development skills. In this paper, we examine the programs’ design, implementation, and results, including feedback from students, school personnel and local stakeholders. Attentive to results and the relevant literature, we hope to ignite a long-term discussion on how universities can create effective outreach programs that help support transitions from high school to college or directly into a career.
Zoned for Change: A Historical Case Study of the Belmont Zone of Choice.

Background/ContextOver the past two decades, scholars have increasingly called for educational leaders to collaborate with community-based organizations in their efforts to bring about school refor...
ON THE UNDESIRABLE ROLL CHARACTERISTICS OF SHIPS IN REGULAR SEAS

The author offers an analysis for the nonlinear coupling of the pitch and roll modes of ship motions in regular seas. When the encounter frequency is near the pitch frequency, only the pitch mode is excited if the encountered wave amplitude (excitation amplitude) is small. As the excitation amplitude increases, the amplitude of the pitch mode increases in accordance with linear theory until it reaches a critical small value. As the excitation amplitude increases further, the pitch amplitude does not change from the critical value (that is, the pitch mode is saturated), and all the extra energy is transferred to the roll mode. Consequently, for large excitation amplitudes, the response is a combined role and pitch motion, with the amplitude of the roll mode being very much larger than that of the pitch mode. More dangerously, the nonlinear theory predicts instabilities in regions where the linear theory predicts stability. Moreover, the nonlinear theory predicts conditions for the nonexistence of steady-state periodic responses. Instead, the responses can be amplitude-and phase-modulated roll and pitch motions or even chaotic. When the encounter frequency is near the roll frequency, there is no saturation phenomenon and, at close to perfect resonance, there are no steady-state periodic responses in some cases. Results indicate that large roll amplitudes are likely in this case also. Further, the results predict the possibility of large amplitudes in the roll motion even when the ship is moving through a head or following sea.
Chitosan: Properties, Modifications and Food Nanobiotechnology

Abstract Chitin and chitosan are natural biopolymers produced mainly from crustacean shells of shrimp, crab and lobsters discarded by sea food-processing industries. Chitosan, the deacetylated form of chitin, it is a copolymer of β-(1–4)-2acetamido-D-glucose and β-(1–4)-2-amino-D-glucose units, due to its unique functional properties and distinctive biological activities, chitosan has received great attention and find wide spectrum of biotechnological applications ranging from the environmental, industrial, to agricultural, and medical fields. In the food sector, these biopolymers are best suited, both in their native and chemically modified forms and offer a distinctive application including water purification, juices clarification and deacidification, food shelf-life extension and preservation from microbial deterioration, food quality improvement, food additive, and biodegradable packaging films formation. This review reports chitosan properties and modifications and explores the role of nanotechnology in creating and developing chitosan nanomaterials adapted for food processing, packaging, storage and safety. Furthermore, summarizes their related applications in the food sector.
Guidelines for β-Lactam Synthesis: Glycal Protecting Groups Dictate Stereoelectronics and [2+2] Cycloaddition Kinetics.

The alkene-isocyanate cycloaddition method affords β-lactams from glycals with high regio- and stereoselectivity, but the factors that determine substrate reactivity are poorly understood. Thus, we...
A Resuscitation of Gifted Education.

J. L. JOLLY Jennifer L. JollyLouisiana State UniversitySince its inception in the 1920s, the field of gifted education hasremained in a constant ebb and flow. Public understanding and support,as well as, federal aid has mirrored this pattern, waxing and waning inresponse to national interests and concern from private institutions andfoundations. Abraham Tannenbaum, a Teachers College professor andgifted education researcher, noted, “The cyclical nature of interest in thegifted is probably unique in American education. No other special groupof children has been so alternately embraced and repelled with so muchrigor by educators and laypersons alike” (Tannenbaum 1983, 16). Dis-course between excellence and equity also has created a tension regardingthe education of gifted and talented students. Often mirroring the pen-dulum swing of society’s priorities of “critical need to its elitist luxury”(Jolly and Kettler 2008, 427), gifted and talented students become anational priority when excellence is sought and a critical need is per-
Peakless Motzkin paths with marked level steps at fixed height

Abstract A Motzkin path is a path starting and ending on the x -axis which uses up, down and level steps and never goes below the x -axis. We consider Motzkin paths where any number of level steps on the x -axis are allowed to be marked. It is known that the number of such paths corresponds to a matrix which turns out to be a pseudo-involution in the Riordan group. We provide a combinatorial proof of this result by means of a sign-reversing involution on pairs of signed marked Motzkin paths. We also extend this result to the class of matrices that count Motzkin paths where level steps at a fixed height are allowed to be marked.
Unusual cause of appendicitis: Orthodontic wire

Abstract Appendicitis is one of the most common childhood diseases requiring surgery and the appendectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in children. Typical findings on physical exam and imaging points the child toward a surgical consult and, ultimately, removal of the inflamed appendix. Our aim is to present an interesting case and, to our knowledge, never before described cause of appendicitis in the pediatric population. We introduce the case of an 11-year-old female who presented with 3 days of abdominal pain, unremarkable laboratory findings, and a computer tomography (CT) showing a radiopaque object in the terminal ileum adjacent to the appendix. She underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with findings of a metallic wire that perforated the ileal wall and irritated the appendix. The wire was removed without need for intestinal repair and a standard appendectomy was performed. The patient recovered uneventfully. While standard presentation and treatment of appendicitis is at the forefront, occasionally imaging or intra-operative findings can present a surprise. This case of clinical symptoms of appendicitis but discordant imaging, led the patient to the operating room for the intended surgery. A foreign body was the irritator of the appendix, a differential to consider.
The social correlates of flood risk: variation along the US rural–urban continuum

Compositional and contextual characteristics of a place capture the collective financial, physical, human, and social capital of an area and its ability to prevent, plan for, and recover from severe weather events. Research that examines the compositional and contextual characteristics of places with elevated flood risk is largely limited to urban-centric analyses and case studies. However, rural areas of the USA are not immune to flooding. In this paper, we integrate social and physical data to identify the social correlates of flood risk and determine if and how they vary across the rural–urban continuum for all census tracts in the coterminous USA. Our results show that risk of flooding is higher in rural tracts, in tracts with larger relative shares of socioeconomically vulnerable populations, and in tracts reliant on flood-vulnerable industries. We also show that compositional social correlates of flooding are not consistent across rural–urban areas. This work widens the scope of discourse on flooding to attend to the heterogeneity of social correlates and the implications for policy and future research.
Design and development of Co35Cr5Fe20−xNi20+xTi20 High Entropy Alloy with excellent magnetic softness

Abstract The design and development of excellent soft magnetic materials are fascinating research areas in materials science. A series of Co35Cr5Fe20−xNi20+xTi20 (x = 5, 10, 15) High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) were synthesized through mechanical alloying (MA) technique and heat-treated at two different temperatures at 200 °C and 700 °C for 2 h. The XRD analysis confirmed that the HEAs comprised of face-centered cubic (fcc) phase and a minor fraction of an intermetallic R-phase at as-synthesized and annealed state. SEM-EDS observation confirmed the homogeneous compositional distribution and showed that after annealing at 700 °C, tiny spherical particles precipitated over the large grains. The synthesized HEAs showed soft magnetic behavior with low coercivity (12–16 Oe). However, the coercivity decreased more than five times to the initial value after the annealing at 700 °C. Co35Cr5Fe10Ni30Ti20 HEA annealed at 700 °C shows excellent soft magnetic properties with a high value of Ms (78.01 emu/g) and an extremely low value of Hc (1.7 Oe). The found value of the coercivity is the lowest value of the coercivity reported so far for the case of magnetic CoCrFeNiTi based HEAs. In addition, the present work provides a novel design strategy for the development of magnetic HEAs with excellent magnetic softness.
NMDA receptor modulation and severe acute respiratory syndrome treatment

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors is expressed in the human lungs and central nervous system. NMDA receptor potentiation could increase calcium ion influx and promote downstream signaling mechanisms associated with cellular contractions that are disrupted in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Pharmacological effects generated by triggering glutamate receptor function in the brain, coupled with concurrent stimulation of the respiratory tract, may produce a synergetic effect, improving the airway smooth muscle function. A novel multipronged intervention to simultaneously potentiate NMDA receptors expressed both in the central nervous system and airway muscles would be helpful for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome that deteriorates peripheral and central nervous system function before causing death in humans.
Bladder toxicity due to cyclophosphamide: Experimental induction and treatment

Abstract Instillation of refined formaldehyde solution in the bladders of 11 patients with massive life-threatening hematuria secondary to cyclophosphamide therapy and radiation cystitis has been effective in hemostasis. Cystitis has been induced in mice by the use of cyclophosphamide. Histologic changes in the bladder were cellular atypia, telangiectasia, and fibrosis of the detrusor muscle. No histologic changes resulted from the instillation of refined formaldehyde solution in the bladders of these mice. These experiments indicate that instillation of refined formaldehyde solution in the bladder is a simple, safe, and, when properly used, life-saving method of bladder hemostasis.
A Vision for Universal Preschool Education: The Universal Preschool Movement

The term “school age” carries significant meaning in American society. The day a child walks through the schoolhouse doors marks an unforgettable benchmark for the young student and his or her family. Of course, the first day of kindergarten is not the first “teachable moment” the child has experienced. A vast amount of learning has preceded that eventful day. Knowledge, skills, and abilities have been acquired and practiced at home, in the playground, and – for the majority of children born in the 21st century – in child care settings. The difference between “preschool” and “school age”, then, is not really about teaching and learning but about where and how these activities take place, and who assumes responsibility for them. In the United States today, formal schooling is largely the responsibility of state and local governments. In most communities, children are eligible to enroll in the public education system when they are about five years old. Historically, it was not unusual for children to be admitted at younger ages. The first kindergartens in America commonly served children younger than five – for example, New York City schools admitted four-year-olds, and Boston's public schools enrolled toddlers as young as 22 months (Mitchell, Seligson, & Marx, 1989). Wisconsin's state constitution has contained “a commitment to free education for four-year-olds” since the middle of the 19th century (Barnett, Hustedt, Robin, & Schulman, 2004, p. 170).
Detection of a rapidly metabolizing portion of the membrane cardiolipin in Haemophilus parainfluenzae.

Abstract Heterogeneity in the metabolism of cardiolipin (CL) has been detected in Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Pulse-chase experiments showed that a portion of the total CL incorporated and then lost 32P much more rapidly than the rest of the CL in the cells. The metabolism of each phosphate of the CL differed. The phosphate of the phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) portion of the CL had a more active metabolism than the phosphate of the phosphatidic acid portion of the molecule. Only a portion of the PG pool contributed to the formation of CL. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibited the CL-specific phospholipase D in vitro and, when added to growing cells, resulted in more rapid PG metabolism, suggesting that CL hydrolysis contributed to the PG pool.
Evidence-based practice and barriers to compliance: Face bow transfer

Abstract Purpose To recapitulate a 2003 study inquiring of US dental schools whether they teach the face bow transfer by means of a survey in order to determine if compliance with clinical evidence has improved. Methods The same 54 dental schools surveyed in 2003 were asked the same question regarding whether they teach the use of the face bow transfer in the complete denture curriculum. Results Teaching of the face bow transfer has increased in prevalence from 84% of surveyed schools in 2003 to 93.75% of surveyed schools in 2015. Conclusions This finding is especially interesting in light of the fact that there is no compelling evidence supporting the use of the face bow transfer with regard to improving patient outcomes. With respect to the continued unjustified teaching of the face bow transfer, some possible reasons for non-compliance with best available evidence are presented using the medical literature for reference.
Addressing uncertainty in reflectivity-rainfall relations in mountain watersheds during summer convection

The use of precipitation estimates from weather radar reflectivity has become widespread in hydrologic predictions. However, uncertainty remains in the use of the nonlinear reflectivity–rainfall (Z-R) relation, in particular for mountainous regions where ground validation stations are often lacking, land surface data sets are inaccurate and the spatial variability in many features is high. In this study, we assess the propagation of rainfall errors introduced by different Z-R relations on distributed hydrologic model performance for four mountain basins in the Colorado Front Range. To do so, we compare spatially integrated and distributed rainfall and runoff metrics at seasonal and event time scales during the warm season when convective storms dominate. Results reveal that the basin simulations are quite sensitive to the uncertainties introduced by the Z-R relation in terms of streamflow, runoff mechanisms and the water balance components. The propagation of rainfall errors into basin responses follows power law relationships that link streamflow uncertainty to the precipitation errors and streamflow magnitude. Overall, different Z-R relations preserve the spatial distribution of rainfall relative to a reference case, but not the precipitation magnitude, thus leading to large changes in streamflow amounts and runoff spatial patterns at seasonal and event scales. Furthermore, streamflow errors from the Z-R relation follow a typical pattern that varies with catchment scale where higher uncertainties exist for intermediate-sized basins. The relatively high error values introduced by two operational Z-R relations (WSR-57 and NEXRAD) in terms of the streamflow response indicate that site-specific Z-R relations are desirable in the complex terrain region, particularly in light of other uncertainties in the modelling process, such as model parameter values and initial conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascading effects in interdependent networks

Modern systems are increasingly dependent upon and interacting with each other, and become interdependent networks. These interdependent networks may exhibit some interesting and even surprising behaviors due to the interdependency and the interplay between the constituent systems. In this article we focus on two important phenomena, namely cascading failure in cyber-physical systems (CPS) and information cascade in coupled social networks. Specifically, cascading failures may occur in CPS that exhibit functional interdependency between two constituent systems (e.g. smart grid); information cascade may happen in multiple social networks that are coupled together by so-called multi-membership individuals. This article explores these two types of cascading effects in interdependent networks by reviewing existing studies in the literature. We review different models in the literature to study the two types of cascading effects in interdependent networks, and highlight the key findings from these studies.
A modeling approach to understanding the role of microstructure development on crystal-size distributions and on recovering crystal-size distributions from thin slices

Computer modeling of microstructure development was used to determine whether competition for space among growing crystals modifies the crystal-size distribution (CSD) predicted by the crystallization kinetics. Microstructures were modeled with prisms, plates, and cuboids, respectively. In all cases, the true CSDs calculated from crystal volumes in the microstructure corresponded closely with the linear ideal CSDs predicted by crystallization equations indicating that grain impingements did not significantly modify the predicted CSD information. Crystal intersection widths and lengths were measured in 2-dimensional slices through the microstructures to test if the CSD information could be recovered. For prisms and plates, the recovered CSDs compared favorably with the true CSDs, but cuboids yielded mixed results depending on their shapes and need further study. For prisms, the recovered CSDs were linear and for plates slightly curvilinear. These results indicate that rocks with recovered, curvilinear CSDs should be interpreted cautiously as indicators of complex crystallization histories, and that petrographic examination should have precedence in such interpretations.
Long day lengths promote brain growth in meadow voles

Male meadow voles kept in a long photoperiod (LP) from birth to 70 days of age have heavier brains than those kept in a short photoperiod (SP). Brain weights of male voles kept in the LP first exceeded those of SP animals at 20 days of age; differences were greatest at 35 days (5.8%) and persisted through 140 days of age (2%), although the magnitude of the difference declined progressively. Accelerated compensatory increases in brain weight were observed in voles transferred from the SP to the LP at 70 days of age. Total brain DNA content, an index of cell number, was not significantly affected by initial or final photoperiod, although it increased 7.8% within 70 days after voles were transferred from the SP to the LP. Brain weights (but not DNA content) of males exceeded those of females, but this sex difference was present only in the LP. We suggest that short day lengths retard brain development by reducing rates of myelination and possibly reducing cell size as well; this is part of a general retardation of somatic growth associated with a delayed onset of puberty that can be reversed by a stimulatory LP but, ordinarily, occurs spontaneously as voles become refractory to short day lengths.
Quality of life and meaning of illness of women with lung cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the quality of life (QOL) of women with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and examine relationships of demographic, clinical, health status, and meaning of illness (MOI) characteristics to QOL. DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional survey. SETTING In-person interviews in homes or research offices. SAMPLE 217 women with NSCLC (greater than 6 months and less than 5 years since diagnosis, mean = 2 years); 19% of the women had advanced disease. The mean age was 65 years. METHODS Assessments of QOL with cancer-specific (QOL Scale-Patient Version) and generic (Short Form-36) self-reports, health status (i.e., number and type of comorbid conditions, presence of depressed mood using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, smoking status), and MOI (positive and negative perceptions). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES QOL, health status, MOI, and demographic and clinical characteristics. FINDINGS Serious disruptions in psychological and social aspects of QOL were common. Depressed mood, negative conceptualizations of MOI, and younger age explained 37% of the variance of global QOL and were correlated with poorer physical, psychological, and social dimensions of QOL. Thirty-six percent reported negative ascriptions of MOI; 35% experienced depressed mood; more than 75% reported distress with their diagnosis, family distress, and impact of sexual function as lowering their QOL; and 67% reported comorbid conditions, the most common being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (31%). CONCLUSIONS Women with lung cancer experience a range of disruptions in QOL, and more than a third associate lung cancer with negative meaning. Younger age, depressed mood, and number of comorbid diseases are risk factors for negative QOL. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING These findings support the importance of assessing the QOL, MOI, and health status of women with lung cancer even after treatment is completed. Younger women may be at higher risk for disruptions.
Factors affecting demand among older adults for medication therapy management services.

Abstract Background Medicare Part D took effect in January 2006 with requirements for prescription drug plans to provide medication therapy management (MTM) services to targeted Medicare beneficiaries. The use of Medicare Part D MTM is voluntary by Medicare beneficiaries and no research evidence is available that can inform policy makers of the beneficiary and provider access-level circumstances under which older adults are more likely to demand MTM-like services. Objective The objective of this study was to describe the effects of the characteristics of older adults and their provider access on the demand for MTM services using data from a unique pre-Medicare Part D program for Medicare-eligible older adults in Iowa. Methods A retrospective cohort study using enrollment, claims, and provider data from the Iowa Priority Prescription Savings (IP) Program. The dependent variable was whether the IP members obtained the MTM service offered by the program. Logistic regression was used to assess whether IP member characteristics and their provider access affected the probability of the IP member to obtain the MTM service. Results Demand for the service varied with IP member age, gender, monthly number of drugs taken, monthly prescription drug spending, self-reported health status, having alternative insurance, and seeing multiple physicians. Increased access to pharmacies promoting the service increased IP member demand. Conclusion The demand for MTM-like services varies with the characteristics of older adults and their access to providers that promote the service. Older adults who view themselves as sicker and those with more complex medication regimens appear more likely to demand a service, suggesting that the benefits of the service are either more important or more recognizable to them. However, it appears that older adults require contact with pharmacies that promote MTM services to recognize this value.
Surface dipole engineering for conducting polymers

Abstract The first example of systematic control of the work function of a conducting polymer is illustrated for PEDOT:PSS. A nanometer-thick film of TiO 2 is formed on the PEDOT:PSS surface and forms an adhesion layer to bond phosphonic acids to the polymer; the work function of the PEDOT:PSS ( Φ PEDOT:PSS ) is adjusted by choice of phosphonic acid over a range of approximately 0.8 eV, and Δ Φ PEDOT:PSS correlates strongly with the calculated gas-phase dipole moments of the phosphonates.
Improving Spectral Models By Unfolding Their Singularities.

Abstract Maximally truncated spectral models have been used recently by fluid and atmospheric dynamicists to study nonlinear behavior of the governing partial differential system. However, too few external control parameters may be available in the truncated model to describe adequately the steady states near singular parameter values at which two or more stationary solutions meet. These missing parameters correspond in many cases to small but significant physical effects whose inclusion may be critically important for the model results to be realistic. We apply to truncated spectral models a recently developed contact catastrophe method that allows determination of the crucial physical effects that govern the steady states of a fluid system. Spectral systems of three different fluid flow models of interest in atmospheric science are considered. Two parameters are necessary for modeling Rayleigh-Benard convection. One represents the magnitude of the horizontal component, the other the magnitude of the ver...
R Factors in Strains of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1 Isolated in the Western Hemisphere during 1969–1970

Eighteen strains of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolated at various times and localities during the epidemic of dysentery in Central America and Mexico during 1969-1970 were examined for characterization of the multiple antibiotic resistance of these strains and determination of whether transferable resistance factors were present. Seventeen strains were resistant to sulfonamides, streptomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, and one was resistant to sulfonamides, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol. All strains transferred the complete pattern of resistance to Escherichia coli. Nearly all R+ recipients examined, regardless of the antibiotic with which they were selected, exhibited the complete resistance pattern of the donor. Frequency of R-factor transfer was similar in the four strains in which it was determined. The levels of resistance conferred by these R factors were similar in both S. dysenteriae and E. coli for all drugs except streptomycin (minimal inhibitory concentration, 125-250 fxg/ml in S. dysenteriae and 8-16 \igZm\ in E. coli). The findings of this study suggest that the multi-resistant strains isolated in this epidemic harbor the same R factor rather than a heterogenous group of drug-resistance factors of diverse origins.
Functional Scoring of the Binocular Field

A new method for evaluating the total (BINOCULAR) field is based on FUNCTION instead of on anatomy. According to the author's theory of relative values, certain areas of the field are functionally more important than others in human activity. The new system imitates nature by plotting the total field binocularly instead of combining the two conventional monocular fields. Scoring is then done by a new binocular grid--a relative value scale, weighted exactly like its monocular prototype to favor the functionally more valuable parts of the field. The new method also led to the discovery of "binocular enhancement" that produces scores more realistic than formerly possible. Especially useful to ophthalmic consultants for evaluating visual capability or disability in industry, law and government (workers compensation, motor vehicle, social security, aviation, military), the new scale works accurately and rapidly with most existing perimeters, manual or automated.
Semiempirical, Analytical, and Computational Predictions of Dynamic Modulus of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures

Dynamic modulus is the key property used to characterize stiffness of asphaltic mixtures in pavement performance evaluation programs such as the Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures. This paper investigates various models for predicting the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures and compares model predictions with experimental test results. The predictions of two semi-empirical models (Witczak's model, modified Hirsch model), an analytical micromechanics model (Hashin's model), and the computational micromechanics model are compared with the dynamic modulus test results obtained from cylindrical asphalt concrete specimens. For the computational micromechanics approach, the finite element method was incorporated with laboratory tests that characterize the properties of individual mixture constituents and with a digital image analysis technique to represent detailed microstructure characteristics of asphalt concrete mixtures. All predicting models investigated in ...
Binder Distribution in Macro‐Defect‐Free Cements: Relation between Percolative Properties and Moisture Absorption Kinetics

Macro-defect-free (MDF) cement is fabricated from a calcium aluminate cement and a poly(vinyl alcohol-acetate) (PVA) copolymer. For the composites studied, it was determined that the interphase regions comprised 63 voi % of the total binder content, while the bulk PVA regions comprised 37 vol% of this phase. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed that a bimodal pore size distribution developed as binder was removed in increasing amounts from heat-treated samples. Larger pores with a characteristic diameter above 30 nm resulted from the removal of bulk PVA, whereas smaller pores approximately 5 nm in size resulted from the removal of water and PVA from the interphase regions. Simulation results obtained from a hard-core/soft-shell continuum percolation model of the MDF microstructure indicate that both the bulk PVA and interphase regions form percolative pathways through the system. Dramatic changes in both moisture absorption kinetics and flexural strength were observed only when a percolative network of larger pores was present in these composites. Hence, the bulk polymer regions are the dominant transport pathway for moisture in MDF cement. Based on this knowledge, processing guidelines have been developed to improve the moisture resistance of these materials.
Undulators for efficient positron production

Abstract The paper reviews a class of positron sources capable of producing high intensities. An energetic electron beam (either form a linac, or one circulating in an storage ring) passes through a converter target consisting of either real photons, or virtual ones, or atomic material, to produce gamma rays. Those, in turn, generate electron–positron pairs in a second converter target.
Research on Human Trafficking in North America: A Review of Literature

This paper aims to map out the research that currently exists and make note of the research gaps that need to be filled in order to establish appropriate and effective policies and programmes for trafficked victims. We attempt to answer the following questions: Who is funding and who is conducting research on trafficking in human beings in North America? What methodologies and data sources are used to conduct this research? What are the foci of trafficking research in North America? What types of studies are conducted? What are the research gaps that need to be filled? (excerpt)
The Baby Boom, Amenity Retirement Migration, and Retirement Communities: Will the Golden Age of Retirement Continue?:

This article explores social trends that can influence the future development of retirement communities. The leading edge of the baby boom is within a decade of the traditional retirement age. Will...
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: use in meconium aspiration syndrome

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been successful as a rescue therapy for infants with respiratory failure with some diagnoses such as meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) having a survival rate of more than 94%. New therapies have allowed many infants who would have required ECMO to be kept off ECMO, but at what cost. The survival rate for the neonatal ECMO patient has dropped over the years, whereas the time of ECMO has increased, indicating that the new therapies are keeping the less ill infants off ECMO. The major cause of non-survival in this population remains intraventricular hemorrhage. The primary risk factors related to this are thought to be pre-ECMO events, such as hypoxia and/or ischemia either prenatally or post-delivery. ECMO events that may complicate this are heparinization that is required while on ECMO and concern for the effect of shear stress and blood flow pattern changes created by the ECMO pump with venoarterial ECMO, although these changes are not seen in venovenous ECMO, the more common form of ECMO. Newer low-resistant microporous artificial lungs and miniaturized pumping systems may allow ECMO to be performed using less blood and safer equipment. The smaller low-resistant artificial lungs provide the ability to consider giving extracorporeal life support using only this membrane with flow provided by an arterial-venous shunt, thus eliminating the pumping system all together. Trials are ongoing in adults and, if effective, may direct further research into using this technique in newborns where the umbilical artery and vein could be used as the arterial-venous shunt.
Exploring the effect of dry premixing of sand and cement on the mechanical properties of mortar

A spout-fluid bed device was developed for dry premixing sand and cement to produce mortar. The goal of the work was to explore the efficacy of a new method for dispersing cement in sand to produce a mortar with better mechanical and physical properties. This strategy was found to work best at high sand/cement ratios, indicating that the dry premixing is more effective as the cement content is reduced and that it may be possible to produce commercially acceptable mortars with a lower cement content. Other properties of the mortar are also positively affected, including a decrease in the shrinkage and an increase in the workability.
Alienation in capitalist society

In a recent paper in this journal Charles B. Saunders et al. argue that corporations have no social responsibility regarding alienation in the workplace in that there is no significant degree of alienation in the workplace, at least in white collar and management level positions in corporate America. Contrary to Saunders et al., this paper defines the concept of alienation. Having done that, it proceeds to show that the argument Saunders et al. make flounders on logical grounds. I conclude that Saunders et al. provide no evidence for the claim that alienation is lacking (in any degree) in corporate America.
The development of haemodynamics in the extracranial cerebral arteries of healthy preterm and term neonates.

Abstract To investigate the development of cerebral haemodynamics in healthy preterm and term newborns, a prospective colour duplex sonography study was performed in 113 neonates at 32 to 42 weeks of postmenstrual age. In the extracranial internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and vertebral arteries (VAs), luminal diameters and angle-corrected flow velocities were measured. Flow volumes and waveform parameters were calculated. There were no side-to-side or gender-related differences for any of the parameters measured. A marked increase of luminal diameters, end-diastolic and time-averaged flow velocities and flow volumes with postmenstrual age was found in both ICA and VA ( p ≤ 0.0001). Peak systolic velocity did not vary with age, thus, leading to a significant decrease of the resistance and pulsatility indices with rising postmenstrual age. Reference data for flow velocities, waveform parameters, luminal diameters and flow volumes of both ICA and VA are provided for different groups of postmenstrual age. In conclusion, the marked increase in cerebral blood flow volume with postmenstrual age is due to a rise in the luminal diameter of extracranial cerebral arteries and a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. (E-mail: martin.schoening@med.uni-tuebingen.de)
Defective DNA Synthesis in Permeabilized Yeast Mutants

THE simple eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is suitable for combined genetic and biochemical analysis of the cell division cycle. More than forty temperature-sensitive mutants of S. cerevisiae defective in fifteen genes that control various steps of the yeast cell cycle have been detected by screening a collection of mutants with time-lapse photomicroscopy1. Mutations in two genes, cdc4 and cdc8, result in defective DNA synthesis at the restrictive temperature2. The product of cdc8 is apparently required throughout the period of DNA synthesis, because if a strain defective in this gene is shifted to 36° C within the S period, DNA replication ceases. In contrast, the product of cdc4 is apparently required only at the initiation of DNA synthesis because when a strain carrying a defect in this gene is shifted to 36° C, DNA replication already in progress is not impaired. Cells defective in cdc4, however, fail to initiate new rounds of DNA synthesis at the restrictive temperature. Based on these observations the DNA mutants have been tentatively classified as defective in DNA replication (cdc8) and in the initiation of DNA synthesis (cdc4).
Experimental inoculation of domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) and zebra finches (Poephila guttata) with Neospora caninum tachyzoites

Dogs are a definitive host of Neospora caninum and cattle are intermediate hosts. Alternative life-cycles have not been investigated. Foxes are frequently seropositive, but may not commonly prey upon cattle; therefore, other intermediate hosts may exist that are frequent prey of foxes. Three domestic pigeons (Columbia livia) and three zebra finches (Poephila guttata) were inoculated with N. caninum tachyzoites, to determine if they could serve as intermediate hosts. Tissue culture, PCR, serology, and histology were all positive for one or more pigeons. All finches resisted infection. Further testing of columbiform birds as intermediate hosts of N. caninum is warranted.
VOCAL FOLD PHYSIOLOGY

This article examines the physiologic factors responsible for the production of phonation in humans. The article begins with an explanation of the control mechanisms of phonation and theories of vocal fold vibration. The physiologic concepts are based on the myoelastic-aerodynamic, body-cover, and mucosal wave theories. An evaluation of the cover-body theory is explained in terms of pitch control. The factors that regulate the vocal folds to produce pitch changes, intensity variation, and register effects are outlined. The changes in pitch, intensity, and voice qualities are related to the vocal fold mass, tension, subglottic pressure, and airflow generated by the phonatory systems. A brief summary of abnormal voice production is given in terms of disordered physiology and the emerging theory of chaos.
On the concealability of messages by the williams public-key encryption scheme

Abstract A (plaintext) message is said to be unconcealable if the encrypted message is the same as the original plaintext message. An analysis of the Williams public-key encryption scheme from the point of view of (un) concealability of messages is presented.
[Zn(H2O)4][Zn2Sn3Se9(MeNH2)]: a robust open framework chalcogenide with a large nonlinear optical response

[Zn(H2O)4][Zn2Sn3Se9(MeNH2)] has an open polar framework based on supertetrahedral clusters with a unique double connectivity mode and exhibits a strong second harmonic generation response, excellent acid stability and proton exchange capacity.
A logical approach to teach digital computer design at logic and systems level

Design courses in Computer Systems Design are being taught in many undergraduate programs both for Computer Science and Electrical Engineering students. A design project is explained in this paper to give all the information to the students regarding the important concepts in both logic and systems level. The computer has sixteen instructions, two K memory and a single index register. This project can also be enlarged by introducing many extra hardware features.
The identification of inhibine, the antibacterial factor in honey, as hydrogen peroxide and its origin in a honey glucose-oxidase system

Abstract Glucose oxidase, producing gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide from glucose, is demonstrated in honey. Its activity increases markedly on dilution of the honey. Inhibine, the antibacterial material previously reported in honey, is shown to be hydrogen peroxide produced in the inhibine assay by the natural glucose oxidase in honey. A direct relationship is shown between inhibine number and hydrogen peroxide production.
End result of using vitallium tubes in common duct strictures.

Abstract 1. 1. A follow-up is reported on the first case in which a Vitallium tube was used for repair of a stricture of the common bile duct. This patient had complete relief of symptoms for twelve years after which the tube plugged. At the time of its removal the stricture was cured and the patient has been well for two years since this operation. 2. 2. Four other cases are mentioned in which the damaged duct was restored to normal over a Vitallium tube in periods ranging from one and a half to three years when these tubes plugged. Removal of the plugged tube and suture of the opening in the duct resulted in permanent cure. 3. 3. Two cases are mentioned in which other surgeons manipulated the duct and inserted a rubber T-tube at the time of removal of a plugged Vitallium tube with recurrence of symptoms after the T-tube was removed. 4. 4. It is probable that a tube of any material yet devised will plug if left long enough in the common bile duct. This result is retarded or minimized by the use of hydrocholeretic drugs. 5. 5. The characteristics of the ideal tube for prolonged implantation in the common duct are enumerated. Thus far this ideal has not been attained so the best results from end-to-end anastomosis, which restores the normal anatomic relationship, have not been realized. There is still room for improvement.