cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors that promote progressive development of the osteoblast phenotype in cultured fetal rat calvaria cells.

Rat calvaria osteoblasts derived from 21-day-old fetal rat pups undergo a temporal expression of markers of the osteoblast phenotype during a 5 week culture period. Alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin are sequentially expressed in relation to collagen accumulation and mineralization. This pattern of expression of these osteoblast parameters in cultured rat osteoblasts (ROB) is analogous to that seen in vivo in developing fetal rat calvaria tissue (Yoon et. al: Biochem. Biophis. Res. Commun. 148:1129, 1987) and is similar to that observed in cultures of subcultivated 16-day-old embryonic chick calvaria-derived osteoblasts (COB) (Gerstenfeld, et.al: Dev. Biol. 122:46, 1987). While the cellular organization of subcultivated COB and primary ROB cultures are somewhat different, the temporal expression of the parameters remains. Both the rat and chick culture systems support formation of matrix mineralization even in the absence of beta-glycerol-phosphate. A systematic examination of factors which constitute conditions supporting complete expression of the osteoblast phenotype in ROB cultures indicate requirements for specific serum lots, ascorbic acid and the ordered deposition of mineral in the extracellular matrix. The present studies suggest that formation of a collagenous matrix, dependent on ascorbic acid, is requisite for expression of the osteoblast phenotype. In ROB cultures, expression of osteocalcin synthesis occurs subsequent to initiation of alkaline phosphatase activity and accompanies the formation of mineralized nodules. Thus, extracellular matrix mineralization (deposition of hydroxyapatite) is required for complete development of the osteoblast phenotype, as reflected by a 200-fold increase in osteocalcin synthesis. These data show the temporal expression of the various osteoblast parameters during the formation and mineralization of an extracellular matrix can provide markers reflective of various stages of osteoblast differentiation/maturation in vitro.
Cycle-averaged dynamics of a periodically driven, closed-loop circulation model

Time-varying elastance models have been used extensively in the past to simulate the pulsatile nature of cardiovascular waveforms. Frequently, however, one is interested in dynamics that occur over longer time scales, in which case a detailed simulation of each cardiac contraction becomes computationally burdensome. In this paper, we apply circuit-averaging techniques to a periodically driven, closed-loop, three-compartment recirculation model. The resultant cycle-averaged model is linear and time invariant, and greatly reduces the computational burden. It is also amenable to systematic order reduction methods that lead to further efficiencies. Despite its simplicity, the averaged model captures the dynamics relevant to the representation of a range of cardiovascular reflex mechanisms.
Enhancing grain refinement in polycrystalline materials using surface mechanical attrition treatment at cryogenic temperatures

The surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) process was applied to pure Cu at both cryogenic and room temperatures. The cryogenic SMAT process resulted in a 60% reduction of grain size in the polycrystalline microstructure compared to that at room temperature. The level of grain refinement is related to a transition in the dominant deformation mechanism during SMAT from a dislocation-mediated behavior at room temperature to a twinning/shear band-mediated behavior at cryogenic temperatures, which also helps to suppress thermally activated processes.
The 7-hole angle plate for mandibular angle fractures.

Purpose To evaluate the 7-hole angle plate for open reduction, internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures when the Champy technique is inadequate and more rigid or semirigid fixation is beneficial and to provide rational indications for the choice of the 7-hole angle plate. Patients and Methods Retrospective evaluation of 10 patients selected at Parkland Memorial Hospital over a 2-year period when the 7-hole angle plate stabilized their angle fracture. Patients were evaluated for postoperative complications including pain, malocclusion, and infection. Results All 10 patients had sufficient follow-up for inclusion in this retrospective study. Correct placement of the 7-hole angle plate, easily accomplished with adequate assistance, produced no reportable postoperative complications. Conclusion The 7-hole angle plate is a good first option when more rigid or semirigid fixation is required, and the best fallback when the Champy technique is ineffective.
Automated CPM-GOMS Modeling from Human Data

We present the Log Analyzer for generating CPM-GOMS models from human performance data. Built on top of the SANLab tool for stochastic CPM-GOMS modeling (Patton & Gray, 2010), the Log Analyzer uses event-driven parsing to map experimental log ﬁles into SANLab interactive routines used to generate CPM-GOMS activity networks. Identical models within and across participants are averaged to obtain estimates of performance times and variability, which are then used to drive stochastic simulations. In this report, we apply our tool to human data collected during a simple eyetracking calibration task and compare the resulting models to existing models in the literature. The generated models show good predictive performance and raise questions about di erent strategies not captured in the literature.
On the bosonic end perturbative approaches to the study of anyons

Abstract I examine, in the case of two anyons in a common harmonic well, the validity of the perturbative approaches to the study of “quasi-bosonic” anyons which are discussed in the literature.
In-depth continuing education for clergy in mental health: Ten years of a large scale program

This paper describes an interdenominational continuing education program for parish clergy in the mental health dimension of pastoral work. The program is in its eleventh year and has reached a significant proportion of the clergy, representing a wide range of religious, ethnic, and socio-economic groups, within a large urban community. The format utilizes case-oriented, small group discussion focused on the clergy's own pastoral work. It emphasizes preventive educational activities along with the development of basic counseling and mental health skills. Ongoing evaluation indicates that the program constitutes an effective, economical, and flexible tool for continuing education with clergy.
Finding animals for research.

Contrary to the impression conveyed in the News Focus story “Dog dealers' days may be numbered” (D. Grimm, 26 February, p. [1076][1]), the American Physiological Society endorses the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) recommendation to replace Class B dealers. However, the article cited only
Attitudes about genetic testing and genetic testing intentions in African American women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate attitudes about the benefits, limitations, and risks of genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) mutations and explore testing intentions in African American women at increased risk for hereditary breast cancer. Methods: Attitudes and intentions were evaluated by telephone in African American women (n = 74) at moderate and high risk for having a BRCA1/2 mutation. Results: Attitudes about the benefits of genetic testing were endorsed at a higher rate relative to limitations and risks; however, only 30% of respondents indicated that they would definitely have testing. In regression analysis, women most likely to be considering testing were those with fatalistic beliefs about cancer and those who believed they had a BRCA1/2 mutation. Women who had two or more affected relatives were also most likely to be considering testing. Women who had a personal history of cancer and those who believed they were at high risk for developing breast cancer were most likely to report greater limitations and risks. Pros scores were higher among women older than age 50 and those who were unemployed. Conclusion: Although African American women at moderate and high risk for BRCA1/2 mutations report favorable attitudes about genetic testing, interest in testing may be limited. Women affected with cancer and those who believe they are at a higher risk for developing breast cancer may be most concerned about the negative consequences of testing. Increased attention may need to be given to beliefs about genetic testing and testing motivations during genetic counseling with African American women.
A superstructure based approach to chemical reactor network synthesis

Abstract Frequently the product mix in a reacting system is influenced by both heat and mixing effects in the reactor. This paper presents a nonlinear programming (NLP) formulation for optimally generating reactor networks that would produce the desired effects, given a kinetic mechanism and expressions for the reaction rate. Using a generalized configuration of recycle reactors and heat exchangers (superstructure) as a basis, the NLP is able to extract the optimal subnetwork of units that would maximize an arbitrary objective function defined over a given kinetic scheme. Thus mixing and heat effects that affect reactions occurring in the homogeneous phase are taken into account. The resulting model and adjoint equations of this formulation form a two-point boundary value problem that interfaces with an efficient optimization strategy. Decisions representing network structure, reactor type and the amount of heat addition are made through continuous parameters in the model. The superstructure allows for serial and parallel connections involving reactor units, and is therefore fairly general. Since the method is equation based and since there are numerous ODE solvers it can be applied to large kinetic mechanisms with almost any objective function. Literature examples are presented and solved in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
Acute elevation of blood carboxyhemoglobin to 6% impairs exercise performance and aggravates symptoms in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Acute exposure to carbon monoxide has the potential to impair exercise capacity in patients with ischemic heart disease. The effect of sufficient inhalation of this compound to gradually produce a level of 6% carboxyhemoglobin was studied in 30 nonsmoking patients with obstructive coronary artery disease and evidence of exercise-induced ischemia. After an initial training session, subjects were exposed to air or carbon monoxide on successive days in a randomized double-blind crossover fashion. Cardiac function and exercise capacity were assessed during symptomlimited supine radionuclide ventriculography. On the carbon monoxide day, mean postexposure carboxyhemoglobin was 5.9 ± 0.1% compared with 1.6 ± 0.1% (p < 0.01) after air exposure. The mean duration of exercise was significantly longer after air compared with carbon monoxide exposure (626 ± 50 s for air versus 585 ± 49 s for carbon monoxide, p < 0.05). Actuarial methods suggested that subjects were likely to experience angina earlier during exercise on the day of carbon monoxide exposure (p < 0.05). Both the level (62 ± 2.4 versus 60 ± 2.4%, p = 0.05) and change in left ventricular ejection fraction at submaximal exercise (1.6 ± 1.6 versus −1.2 ± 1.6%, p = 0.05) were greater on the air exposure day compared with the carbon monoxide day. The peak exercise left ventricular ejection fraction was not different for the two exposures (57 ± 2.5% for both). These results demonstrate earlier onset of ventricular dysfunction, angina and poorer exercise performance in patients with ischemic heart disease after acute carbon monoxide exposure sufficient to increase blood carboxyhemoglobin to 6%.
A Quality and Partnering-Based Model for Improving Supply Chain Performance

This study proposes a Supplier Quality Affiliation (SQA) approach that is integrated into a mixed integer programming Strategic Supply Chain Management (SSCM) model for overall improvement of the supply chain business process. A pool of acceptable quality and high quality suppliers are affiliated using multi-dimensional quality attributes for the supplier operation parameters in the SQA model. Based on the pre-defined partnering attributes, the SQA model next identifies a select group of high quality suppliers that can be converted into partners. The outcome of the SQA model is then integrated into the SSCM model for ensuring input quality while providing several options for overall business gains of the supply chain members, which include suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers. Applicability of the SQA model is investigated using a real world case study and the SSCM model is illustrated with a numerical example using random data.
No way out: travel restrictions and authoritarian regimes

Why do some authoritarian regimes restrict their citizens’ freedom to travel abroad? This article posits that there is an inverse relationship between the freedom of foreign movement and authoritarian stability. Authoritarian leaders recognize this and hence try to control foreign travel by their citizens, for two reasons. First, civil rights increase significantly when travel policies are relaxed. Secondly, opportunities for contestation increase in the presence of civil rights. We test these propositions using panel data and various indicators of regime performance. Our results strongly suggest that by restricting travel, authoritarian regimes inhibit civil liberties. By suppressing civil liberties moreover, these regimes buy themselves stability.
Cyclic GMP regulates free cytosolic calcium in the pancreatic acinar cell.

Abstract The present studies were performed in order to measure the effects of cyclic GMP (cGMP) on the regulation of free cytosolic calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) in the pancreatic acinar cell. In guinea pig dispersed pancreatic acini the findings demonstrated that the Ca 2+ ionophore, Br A23187, caused a sustained increase in [Ca 2+ ] i in the presence of 3 mM CaCl 2 in the media and a transient 20 fold rise in cellular cGMP followed by a sustained 3–4 fold rise in cellular cGMP. Increasing cellular cGMP with nitroprusside, hydroxylamine or dibutyryl cGMP had no effect on resting [Ca 2+ ] i . However, these agents attenuated the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i resulting from Br A23187-induced Ca 2+ influx. Nitroprusside also attenuated the carbachol-induced sustained rise in [Ca 2+ ] i that resulted from Ca 2+ influx. The nitroprusside effect on carbachol-stimulated acini occurred without decreasing Ca 2+ influx across the plasma membrane or alteration in the mobilization of Ca 2+ from the intracellular agonist-sensitive pool. Inhibition of the increase in cellular cGMP caused by Br A23187 by the guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY83583), resulted in augmentation of the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i . This augmentation was reversed with dibutyryl cGMP. These results indicated that cGMP regulated [Ca 2+ ] i in the pancreatic acinar cell. The mechanism involves the removal of Ca 2+ from the cytoplasm.
Effects of exercise on sleep

Historically, perhaps no daytime behavior has been more closely associated with better sleep than exercise. The assumption that exercise promotes sleep has also been central to various hypotheses about the functions of sleep. Hypotheses that sleep serves an energy conservation function, a body tissue restitution function, or a temperature down-regulation function all have predicted a uniquely potent effect of exercise on sleep because no other stimulus elicits greater depletion of energy stores, tissue breakdown, or elevation of body temperature, respectively. Exercise offers a potentially attractive alternative or adjuvant treatment for insomnia. Sleeping pills have a number of adverse side effects and are not recommended for long-term use, partly on the basis of a significant epidemiologic association of chronic hypnotic use with mortality. Other behavioral/cognitive treatments are more effective for chronic insomnia treatment, but difficult and costly to deliver. By contrast, exercise could be a healthy, safe, inexpensive, and simple means of improving sleep.
Modification of local field effects in two level systems due to quantum corrections

Quantum corrections to the Lorentz-Lorenz formula are given for a dense ensemble of atoms interacting with the quantized radiation field. The influence of these corrections on local-field effects in two-level systems is discussed in the non-cooperative limit. For initially inverted atoms we find superluminescence and radiation trapping. Furthermore it is shown that the quantum corrections set strong limitations to intrinsic optical bistability.
Abstract 339: Insights into Readmission Rates of Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Purpose and Background: Bridging the Discharge Gap Effectively (BRIDGE) is an NP-driven transitional care program for cardiovascular patients. It has demonstrated lower rates of readmission for patients with acute coronary syndrome who participated, but a similar benefit was not seen for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. We sought to assess differences between AF patients who participated in the BRIDGE program and those who did not. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients referred to BRIDGE with a primary discharge diagnosis of AF was conducted (n=148). An equal number of BRIDGE attendees was randomly matched to non-attendees (n=36). Univariate techniques were used to compare groups. Results: Of 148 AF patients referred to BRIDGE, 84 (56.8%) attended BRIDGE, 36 (24.3%) saw cardiologists or PCPs for their first post-discharge follow-up, and 28 (18.9%) saw other providers or had unknown follow up. There was no significant difference in median time to follow up (12.5 days for attendees vs 9.0 days for non-attendees, p=0.503). Of the 72 patients reviewed, 17 (23.6%) were readmitted within 30 days (Table 1). Non-attendees were more likely (85.7% vs 40% p=0.134) to be readmitted with AF/related diagnoses as compared to attendees. More than half of 30-day readmissions for BRIDGE attendees were unrelated to AF (n=6, 60.0%). There was a trend toward greater incidence of comorbid CAD, HTN, CHF, or vascular disease among BRIDGE attendees, compared to non-attendees. Conclusion: Readmission patterns vary in AF patients; comorbid conditions play a role in early 30-day readmissions for AF patients despite adequate transitional care. NP-driven transitional care models, compared to traditional follow-up with a physician provider, may help identify additional issues related to comorbidities, leading to readmission. A larger sample is needed to better understand this dichotomy and to determine what measures can be taken to enhance the BRIDGE program for AF patients. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Expression of the multi-drug resistance proteins and the pregnane X receptor in treated and untreated retinoblastoma.

Purpose: To compare the expression of pregnane xenobiotic receptor and certain multi-drug resistance proteins in retinoblastoma. Methods: Using tissue microarray analyses, we studied 62 pathology specimens for expression of pregnane xenobiotic receptor, multi-drug resistance 1/P glycoprotein, multi-drug resistance proteins 1, 2, and 4, and breast cancer resistant protein. Results: Comparing tumors treated with primary enucleation with tumors treated with chemotherapy and/or radiation showed no significant differences in the expression of multi-drug resistance proteins or pregnane xenobiotic receptor. Pregnane xenobiotic receptor was correlated with multi-drug resistance protein 2 expression (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our results indicate selection, rather than induction, of chemoresistant cells as a cause for treatment failure in managing retinoblastoma with primary systemic chemotherapy.
Adult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system of teleost fish.

Teleost fish are distinguished by their ability to constitutively generate new neurons in the adult central nervous system ('adult neurogenesis'), and to regenerate whole neurons after injury ('neuronal regeneration'). In the brain, new neurons are produced in large numbers in several dozens of proliferation zones. In the spinal cord, proliferating cells are present in the ependymal layer and throughout the parenchyma. In the retina, new cells arise from the ciliary marginal zone and from Muller glia. Experimental evidence has suggested that both radial glia and non-glial cells can function as adult stem cells. The proliferative activity of these cells can be regulated by molecular factors, such as fibroblast growth factor and Notch, as well as by social and behavioral experience. The young cells may either reside near the respective proliferation zone, or migrate to specific target areas. Approximately half of the newly generated cells persist for the rest of the fish's life, and many of them differentiate into neurons. After injury, a massive surge of apoptotic cell death occurs at the lesion site within a few hours. Apoptosis is followed by a marked increase in cell proliferation and neurogenesis, leading to repair of the tissue. The structural regeneration is paralleled by partial or complete recovery of function. Recent investigations have led to the identification of several dozens of molecular factors that are potentially involved in the process of regeneration.
Mutation of the Membrane-Associated M1 Protease APM1 Results in Distinct Embryonic and Seedling Developmental Defects in Arabidopsis

Aminopeptidase M1 (APM1), a single copy gene in Arabidopsis thaliana, encodes a metallopeptidase originally identified via its affinity for, and hydrolysis of, the auxin transport inhibitor 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Mutations in this gene result in haploinsufficiency. Loss-of-function mutants show irregular, uncoordinated cell divisions throughout embryogenesis, affecting the shape and number of cotyledons and the hypophysis, and is seedling lethal at 5 d after germination due to root growth arrest. Quiescent center and cell cycle markers show no signals in apm1-1 knockdown mutants, and the ground tissue specifiers SHORTROOT and SCARECROW are misexpressed or mislocalized. apm1 mutants have multiple, fused cotyledons and hypocotyls with enlarged epidermal cells with cell adhesion defects. apm1 alleles show defects in gravitropism and auxin transport. Gravistimulation decreases APM1 expression in auxin-accumulating root epidermal cells, and auxin treatment increases expression in the stele. On sucrose gradients, APM1 occurs in unique light membrane fractions. APM1 localizes at the margins of Golgi cisternae, plasma membrane, select multivesicular bodies, tonoplast, dense intravacuolar bodies, and maturing metaxylem cells. APM1 associates with brefeldin A-sensitive endomembrane structures and the plasma membrane in cortical and epidermal cells. The auxin-related phenotypes and mislocalization of auxin efflux proteins in apm1 are consistent with biochemical interactions between APM1 and NPA.
Interpersonal Conflict in Collaborative Writing: What We Can Learn from Gender Studies

Gender-studies scholars describe the ways relationships within the family in fluence the gender identity of males and females, while composition special ists study the social nature of writing. In the areas of self-disclosure, control, trust, perceptions ofgroup and ofconflict, congruence, and reward, these gen der roles affect the abilities of men and women to collaborate successfully and determine their responses to interpersonal conflict. Through classroom activi ties and journal keeping, students can learn the limits ofgender roles and have access to a full range of collaborative strategies.
Arthroscopic Synovectomy in the Treatment of Hemophilic Synovitis

Chronic proliferative synovitis is a frequent complication of hemophilia for which effective treatments are lacking. Over a three year period we employed arthroscopic surgery on 7 knees in 6 patients with hemophilic synovitis refractory to standard treatment including anti-inflammatory drugs, prophylactic factor infusion and physical therapy. Operative findings included diffuse villous synovial proliferation covering most cartilagenous surfaces of joint spaces in all six cases, varying degrees of articular erosion, osteochondral defects, and various forms of meniscal tear. One patient with an advanced degree of arthropathy had an extensive scar and interarticular fibrous band adhesions. Peri-operatively morbidity was minimal, permitting early institution of physical therapy. Joint effusion resolved within one month of surgery. During the 6 month to 3 year post-operative follow-up, bleeding frequency was markedly reduced in all cases. In contradistinction to open surgical synovectomy, which encountered an unacceptably high incidence of post-operative reduction in joint mobility, the range of knee joint motion after arthroscopic synovectomy was well preserved or improved in 4 of 6 patients. Two patients have lost the range of knee joint motion in post-arthroscopic follow-up; one patient sustained a tibial fracture requiring a long leg cast on the same knee, and the other had severe arthropathy with a reduced range of motion prior to arthroscopy. All patients have experienced pain relief and improved knee function. We conclude that arthroscopic synovectomy is a promising treatment of chronic hemophilic synovitis of the knee with low surgical morbidity and with long-term benefit comparable to or better than that reported with open synovectomy.
Effects of Exercise on Growth, Resting Metabolism, and Body Composition of Fischer Rats

SummaryYoung Fischer rats allowed to exercise grow at a faster rate than litter mates confined to small quarters. The bodies of both groups of rats contain the same amount of water. The growth of the parts studied is proportional to body size except for the adrenal glands and the quadriceps-femoris group of muscles. These grow at a greater rate than the body as a whole. The basal metabolism in the rats allowed to exercise is higher than that of the controls.
The Management of the Failed Renal Allograft: An Enigma with Potential Consequences

The number of patients returning to dialysis after their renal allograft fails is increasing in absolute numbers year after year. The management of the failed allograft that is not immediately symptomatic remains controversial. Surgical mortality and morbidity, a rising number of circulating antibodies, reduced erythropoietin, and diuresis are among the arguments to support simply observing the failed allograft. Chronic inflammation, potential for malignancy, infection, and the need for low-dose immunosuppression are concerns that might goad one into performing a preemptive nephrectomy. Based on the current literature and our own clinical experience, we believe allograft nephrectomies should not be routinely performed. They should be reserved for those patients who develop particular symptoms attributable to the allograft or those who require space for retransplantation. Future studies that address this issue in addition to testing various immunosuppression attrition rates may be able to discern a protocol that minimizes drug exposure while leading to reduced nephrectomy rates after returning to dialysis.
Swelling of multicellular spheroids induced by hyperthermia.

EMT6 multicellular spheroids invariably swell by 10 to 50 per cent after incubation at 43 to 45°C for 1 h. Both scanning electron and optical microscopy reveal morphological alterations particularly in the outer region of the spheroids. While the control cells are contiguous to one another and tightly held to the spheroid body, the heated spheroids exhibit partially disrupted contacts among cells. Measurements of intercellular volume and water volume of spheroids with labelled water and inulin show that changes in the spheroid volume are not due to an increase in cell volume, but that they can be explained by a 60–100 per cent increase in the intercellular space within a spheroid. Continuous observation of individual spheroids heated to 43–45°C shows loss of adhesion of cells in the outer region and even detachment of a few surface cells. This ‘melting’ of the spheroid surface appears to result from a disorder in the extracellular material. Treatment with cell swelling agents such as hypotonic solution, o...
Electrocardiographic strain pattern in children with left ventricular hypertrophy: a marker of ventricular dysfunction.

The objective of this study was to assess the relation between strain pattern on electrocardiogram (ECG-strain) and echocardiographic indices of left ventricular (LV) structure and function in children with LV hypertrophy (LVH). ECG-strain is a marker of LVH and is associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis in adults. The significance of ECG-strain and its relation to LV structure and function has not been studied in children. We retrospectively analyzed electrocardiograms (ECGs) and echocardiograms of 101 children enrolled in this study. Subjects were divided into three groups: group I (n = 21) comprised children with LVH confirmed by echocardiography (LVHecho) with ECG-strain pattern; group II (n = 54) comprised children with LVHecho without ECG-strain pattern; and group III (n = 26) comprised children without LVH (control group). ECG-strain was defined as a down-sloping convex ST-segment depression (≥0.1 mV) with an inverted asymmetrical T-wave opposite to the QRS axis in leads V5 and/or V6. LV structure and function was measured using conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography. ECG-strain was associated with greater interventricular septal thickness, posterior wall thickness, and LV mass index (LVMI) compared with those without ECG-strain (P < 0.0001 for each variable). Concentric LVH was more common in those with ECG-strain (16 of 21 vs. 9 of 54 patients; P = < 0.0001). ECG-strain was associated with systolic, diastolic, and combined systolic–diastolic dysfunction in children with LVHecho. Among children with LVH, ECG-strain is associated with higher LVMI, concentric pattern of LVH, and LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Whether this has similar adverse prognostic implications as it does in adults remains to be determined.
Cohort mortality study of employees at the Celanese plant in Pampa, Texas

Background The mortality experience of chemical workers from the Pampa, Texas Celanese Ltd. plant through 1991 has been previously reported. This study updates that effort and presents an additional seven years of data and follow-up that provided 268 additional cohort members and 71 new deaths. Methods Mortality was determined through December 31, 1998, the period for which the National Death Index could provide information on deaths. The mortality experience of Celanese Ltd. employees was compared to that of the general population of the United States. All cause and cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated. Results For the entire cohort, several causes of death including all causes (SMR = 65.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 56.9–76.0), heart disease (SMR = 69.1; 95% CI = 53.6–87.8), and all malignant neoplasms (SMR = 74.2; 95% CI = 56.3–95.9) were significantly less than expected. SMRs were also calculated separately for white men, non-white men, and women. Unlike the initial study, the SMR for prostate cancer among white males was not significantly elevated (SMR=176.1; 95% CI = 76.0–347.0) and was much lower than the prior SMR of 330.4. This suggests that the initial findings, which were based on a small number of deaths, were likely due to chance. Conclusions Overall, Celanese Ltd. employees from the Pampa plant have significantly lower than expected SMRs for several causes of death, and no causes of death that are significantly elevated. Am. J. Ind. Med. 43:656–661, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Teaching Demonstration: What Faculty Expect and How to Prepare for This Aspect of the Job Interview

Many institutions require candidates for faculty positions to present a teaching demonstration as part of the interview process. To help job candidates prepare for this and to assist departments in planning how to structure this portion of the interview, we surveyed biology faculty from community and liberal arts colleges and master's- and PhD-granting institutions concerning how their departments assess teaching potential. We also asked survey respondents to share advice on how candidates can prepare for teaching demonstrations. Here we report on the survey results and offer suggestions based on comments from respondents.
Research strategies for capturing transactional models of development: The limits of the possible

Transactional models have informed research design and interpretation in studies relevant to developmental psychopathology. Bidirectional effects between individuals and social contexts have been found in many behavioral and cognitive domains. This review will highlight representative studies where the transactional model has been explicitly or implicitly tested. These studies include experimental, quasiexperimental, and naturalistic designs. Extensions of the transactional model have been made to interventions designed to target different aspects of a bidirectional system in efforts to improve developmental outcomes. Problems remain in the need to theoretically specify structural models and to combine analyses of transactions in the parent-child relationship with transactions in the broader social contexts. Longitudinal studies with sufficient time points to assess reciprocal processes continue to be important. Such longitudinal investigations will permit identifying developmental periods where the child or the context may be most influential or most open to change.
The Influence of Cyclic Ambient Air Temperature on Condemnation and Performance of Broiler Chicks

Abstract NUMEROUS workers have made studies on the effects of both brooding and grow-out temperatures on broiler production. Barott and Pringle (1947, 1949, 1950) made studies that led to brooding temperature recommendations for many years. More recent studies reported by Huston (1965) and Winn and Godfrey (1967) indicate that brooding temperatures for present day broiler chicks can be lower than those recommended by Barott and Pringle. Prince et al. (1961) subjected chicks to 7.1°, 12.8°, 18.3° and 23.8°C. from 4 to 8 weeks of age and found the birds grown in the cooler environments ate more feed but grew slower than those in the warmer environments. Also, the chicks at the higher temperatures had a better feed conversion than those at the lower temperatures. The higher winter-time condemnation rates indicated temperature might be a factor affecting condemnation in broilers. The normal yearly condemnation curve shows that the rate of condemnation goes…
The Structures of the Lipopolysaccharides from Rhizobium etli Strains CE358 and CE359 THE COMPLETE STRUCTURE OF THE CORE REGION OF R. ETLILIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES

Abstract The structural arrangement of oligosaccharides comprising the core region of Rhizobium etli CE3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been elucidated through the characterization of the LPSs from two R. etli mutants. One mutant, CE358, completely lacks the O-chain polysaccharide, while the second mutant, CE359, contains a truncated portion of this polysaccharide. This structural arrangement of the core oligosaccharides in these LPSs was determined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, and methylation analysis. Mild acid hydrolysis of the CE359 LPS produces two major core oligosaccharides: a tetrasaccharide (1) with the structure α-d-Galp-(1→6)-[α-d-GalpA-(1→4)]-α-d-Manp-(1→5)-Kdop(where Kdo represents 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid) and a trisaccharide (2) having the structure α-d-GalpA-(1→4)-[α-d-GalpA-(1→5)]-Kdop. Structure 1 in CE358 LPS lacks the galacturonosyl residue. Glycosyl linkage and tandem mass spectrometry analyses show that the intact LPS core region consists of trisaccharide (2) attached to O-4 of the Kdo residue in tetrasaccharide1, and that an additional Kdo residue is attached to O-6 of the galactosyl residue of 1. The additional terminally linked Kdo residue is not in close proximity to the lipid A moiety, a unique location for a core Kdo residue. The mutant LPS preparations also contain minor LPS species, one of which lacks the Kdo linked to O-6 of the galactosyl residue, another that lacks the galacturonic acid attached to O-5 of Kdo, and a third that lacks two galacturonosyl residues and one Kdo residue. Thus, in addition to lacking both heptose and phosphate, the R. etliLPS core region differs substantially from the typical enterobacterial cores. The abundance of galacturonosyl residues in the R. etli core might serve as a suitable functional replacement for phosphate, such as would be predicted for Ca2+ binding.
Students' precision and interobserver reliability of performance assessment in team sports.

(2000). Students' Precision and Interobserver Reliability of Performance Assessment in Team Sports. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 71, No. 1, pp. 85-91.
Stupidity for Everyone. In Praise of the Latest Book by Avital Ronell. A Review Essay.

The parts of a machine are elastic, indeed, flexible. But does this mean that there really isn't any mechanism at all, since the parts of the machine function as if made of butter? (And now think of a mechanism, say clock-works, made of materials which are far more flexible still than ours, so that the movements would be strangely irregular—would a mechanism like that have to be useless, or couldn't it actually be used?) —Wittgenstein, Last Writings Ludwig Wittgenstein. 1990. Last Writings of the Philosophy of Psychology. Vol. I. Preliminary Studies for Part II of Philosophical Investigation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), I, §878:112–13.
Optical trapping microfabrication with electrophoretically delivered particles inside glass capillaries

We have developed a new technique for rapid microfabrication that uses electrophoretically delivered particles and an optical trap. The material particles, micrometer- and nanometer-sized polystyrene beads in aqueous solution, are continuously delivered to an optical trap by means of the electrophoretic effect inside glass capillaries or similar microstructures. The optical trap is used to manipulate and deposit the polystyrene beads onto a substrate. The continuous, on-demand delivery of particles allows for microfabrication in two and three dimensions with high speed and high efficiency and without material waste. This new technique has many potential applications in microelectronics and biotechnology.
Ion Effects on Calcium Accumulation by Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

The effects of monovalent cations on the active calcium-accumulating ability of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum were assessed. Grana prepared in an ion-free system accumulated calcium when ATP and Mg++ were present. Sodium ion and to a lesser extent lithium but not K+ reduced the amount of calcium taken up. The reduction of calcium binding by Na+ is not due to inhibition of uptake but to a rapid release of the radiocalcium bound. The amount of calcium released by sodium does not appear to be enough to explain contraction on the basis of sodium influx into muscle, but may be significant in the regulation of tension.
Effect of cross saturation on frequency fluctuations in a nearly single-mode semiconductor laser

The effect of side-mode cross-saturation on the frequency noise of the main mode of a nearly-single-mode laser is investigated by considering the Langevin rate equations which contain the nonlinear gain with both the self-saturation and cross-saturation terms. When cross-saturation is stronger than self-saturation, the frequency noise of the main mode is found to be significantly enhanced in the low-frequency regime ( >
Quantitative methods: past and present

In celebrating the 40th anniversary of Administrative Science Quarterly, Weick (1996) related the story of several firefighters who did not survive in a 1994 South Canyon fire because they had failed to drop the heavy tools they were carrying while trying to escape from the fire. In this second report, I will argue that the heavy tools assembled during the zenith of quantitative methods (QM) practice in the 1960s have largely been retooled. Such retooling reflects the field’s innovative adaptation and thereby modernization in human geography to the mutation and diversity in both methodological and substantive geographic problems. More specifically, the question of what constitutes the appropriate strategy for studying geographic phenomena has evolved from assigning quantitative methods an ontological position to analytical narratives that are more sensitive to writing geography from above and from below. Past practitioners of QM in human geography largely subscribed to the principle of methodological individualism, that is, the assumption that social or group outcomes may be explained by the behavior or action of individuals (Brodbeck, 1968). Investigation of social entities or group phenomena in space tended to be ontologically economical (e.g., the use of terms like ‘migrant’ or ‘market’) and these groups were often but not always analyzed through some form of statistical aggregates. The popular use of group entities is based on the difficulties of conducting geographic explanations based on individual sovereignty. However, the present construction of geographic knowledge by QM practitioners has become more sensitive to the constitutive parts, that is, individuals and their properties or attributes, than the social or geographic wholes themselves. Secondly, it is commonly perceived that the QM community in human geography is legislated by methodology and the model of reduction. Such a standpoint neglects the fact that the practice of human geographic research has increasingly required that the community be given the autonomy to pursue
Measuring Changes in Blood Vessel Diameter in the Tail of the Goldfish

This laboratory exercise enables students to measure changes in blood vessel diameter in the tail of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) using ImageJ software. The lab can be adapted for different course levels and equipment. Students can also perform statistical analyses on the results.
Bilateral Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysms Complicated by Acute Coronary Syndrome and Cardiogenic Shock

Giant coronary aneurysms are rare. We present a 25-year-old woman with a known history of non-Kawasaki/nonatherosclerotic bilateral coronary aneurysms. She was transferred to our facility with acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock. Angiography demonstrated giant bilateral coronary aneurysms and complete occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Emergent coronary artery bypass grafting was performed. Coronary artery bypass grafting is the preferred approach for addressing giant coronary aneurysms. Intervention on the aneurysm varies in the literature. Aggressive revascularization is recommended in the non-Kawasaki/nonatherosclerotic aneurysm patient, and ligation should be performed in patients with thromboembolic phenomena.
Age-Specific Interaction Between the Greenhouse Whitefly and Encarsia formosa: Influence of Host on the Parasite's Oviposition and Development

The parasite, Encarsia formosa , oviposits in all 4 instars, including the late 4th instar and the pharate adult (=pupa of previous workers), of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum . When each host stage is exposed individually, percentage parasitism is significantly greater in 3rd instar, “early” 4th instar, and transitional substage whiteflies than in 1st instars, 2nd instars, or pharate adults. Although E. formosa 's eggs develop and hatch within all sessile whitefly stages (i.e., 1st to pharate adult), the parasite's larval development does not proceed past the 1st instar until after the host reaches the 4th instar. Subsequently, E. formosa completes its life cycle and emerges as an adult from 4th instar whiteflies. A comparison of the four host instars showed that 3rd instar, “early” 4th instar and transitional substage whiteflies are the most suitable for parasitization because they give (a) the highest percentage E. formosa emergence, (b) the greatest parasite survival, and (c) the lowest host mortality (including host killing). Also, E. formosa egg and larval development is significantly faster in the 3rd instar, “early” 4th instar and transitional substage than in earlier host stages or the pharate adult stage. These results are directly applicable to increasing the efficiency of mass-rearing and colonization of E. formosa by allowing precise timing of parasite introduction.
Genetic variants associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants.

PURPOSE To determine genetic variants associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a candidate gene cohort study of US preterm infants. METHODS Preterm infants in the discovery cohort were enrolled through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, and those in the replication cohort were from the University of Iowa. All infants were phenotyped for ROP severity. Because of differences in the durations of enrollment between cohorts, severe ROP was defined as threshold disease in the discovery cohort and as threshold disease or type 1 ROP in the replication cohort. Whole genome amplified DNA from stored blood spot samples from the Neonatal Research Network biorepository was genotyped using an Illumina GoldenGate platform for candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involving angiogenic, developmental, inflammatory, and oxidative pathways. Three analyses were performed to determine significant epidemiologic variables and SNPs associated with levels of ROP severity. Analyses controlled for multiple comparisons, ancestral eigenvalues, family relatedness, and significant epidemiologic variables. Single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated with ROP severity from the discovery cohort were analyzed in the replication cohort and in meta-analysis. RESULTS Eight hundred seventeen infants in the discovery cohort and 543 in the replication cohort were analyzed. Severe ROP occurred in 126 infants in the discovery and in 14 in the replication cohort. In both cohorts, ventilation days and seizure occurrence were associated with severe ROP. After controlling for significant factors and multiple comparisons, two intronic SNPs in the gene BDNF (rs7934165 and rs2049046, P < 3.1 × 10(-5)) were associated with severe ROP in the discovery cohort and were not associated with severe ROP in the replication cohort. However, when the cohorts were analyzed together in an exploratory meta-analysis, rs7934165 increased in associated significance with severe ROP (P = 2.9 × 10(-7)). CONCLUSIONS Variants in BDNF encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor were associated with severe ROP in a large candidate gene study of infants with threshold ROP.
A low-power hybrid reconfigurable architecture for resistive random-access memories

Access-transistor-free memristive crossbars have shown to be excellent candidates for next generation non-volatile memories. While the elimination of the transistor per memory element enables higher memory densities, it also introduces parasitic currents during the normal operation of the memory that increases both the overall power consumption of the crossbar, and the current requirements of the line drivers. In this work we present a hybrid reconfigurable memory architecture that takes advantage of the fact that a complementary resistive switch (CRS) can behave both as a memristor and as a CRS. By dynamically keeping frequently accessed regions of the memory in the memristive mode and others in the CRS mode, our hybrid memory offer all the benefits that a memristor and a CRS offer individually, without any of their drawbacks. We validate our architecture using the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark and found that our hybrid memory offers average energy savings of 3.6x with respect to a memristive-only memory. In addition, we can offer a memory lifetime that is, on average, 6.4x longer than that of a CRS-only memory.