cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching and Transforming Through Stories: An Exploration of Macro- and Micro-Narratives as Teaching Tools

Narratives are one of the most powerful teaching tools available and are often regarded as central to the learning process. We investigate the role of narrative in adult learning in library instructional contexts, introducing the concepts of micro- and macro-narratives and illustrating these ideas using relevant teaching examples. Macro-narratives are stories that are common across many cultures and contain universal themes and lessons. Micro-narratives are stories that are uniquely relevant to the members of a particular group. We argue that both types can be used to create meaningful library learning experiences.
Lattice-Ordered Matrix Algebras with the Usual Lattice Order

Abstract Let R be a unital lattice-ordered algebra over a totally ordered field F and F n be the n × n ( n ≥ 2) matrix algebra over F . It is shown that under certain conditions R contains a lattice-ordered subalgebra which is isomorphic to ( F n , ( F + ) n ). In particular, let ( F n , P ) be a lattice-ordered algebra over F with the positive cone P . If a certain element is positive in ( F n , P ), then ( F n , P ) is isomorphic to ( F n , ( F + ) n ).
Respirable particulates in household aerosols

Abstract The methods of optical microscopy, cascade impaction, and single-particle aerodynamic relaxation-time (SPART) analysis were used to determine the size spectra of five common household aerosol products. Count median diameters obtained in the microscope study agreed well with the values obtained in the SPART analysis, with values ranging from 0.74 to 1.22 μm in both studies. Comparison of mass median diameters obtained in the SPART analysis and cascade impaction study showed less agreement. Values for both techniques ranged from 1.95 to 3.80 μm with the exception of the oven cleaner, which yielded a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 23.5 μm in the impaction study.
Agent-based optimization for product family design

This paper presents a two-step approach to determine the optimal platform level for a selected set of product families and their variants. The first step employs a multi-objective optimization using an agent-based framework to determine the Pareto-design solutions for a given set of modules. The second step performs a post optimization analysis that includes application of the quality loss function (QLF) to determine the optimal platform level. The post optimization analysis yields the optimal platform level for a related set of product families and their variants. We demonstrate the working of the proposed method by using an example problem.
Information Privacy: Implementation and Perception of Laws and Corporate Policies by CEOs and Managers

In the Web dependent world, companies must respect and protect individuals' information privacy. Companies develop and implement corporate information privacy policies to comply with the domestic and international information privacy laws and regulations. This paper investigates: a the approach used by multinational and domestic companies to develop and implement corporate information privacy policies; and b the perception of corporate managers/professionals toward information privacy legislation and secondary use of personally identifiable information PII that organizations collect. A survey was conducted to collect data from corporate CEOs, managers, and technical professionals of national and multinational companies. Findings indicate the following: 1 Views regarding the practicality and effectiveness of information privacy legislations are similar for respondents from the national and multinational companies. 2 Respondents are undecided about whether the privacy laws of the United States and foreign countries are equally restrictive. 3 Multinational companies do not favor developing and implementing uniform information privacy policies or different information privacy policies across countries of operations. 4 Respondents strongly agreed that unauthorized secondary use of personal information is unacceptable.
Conformational control of selectivity in the dienone-phenol rearrangement

Abstract We have explored the dienone–phenol rearrangement of substrates where: only the p -cresol pathway is possible and relative migratory aptitudes should play no role in determining the regiochemistry of the reaction. For these substrates the selectivity of the rearrangement was found to depend on the stereochemistry of the spirocyclic intermediate formed during the course of the rearrangement. Rearrangement of one of these substrates gave—surprisingly—a single regioisomeric product. Selectivity in this case can be correlated with the relative stability of cationic intermediates, which lie on the pathway between spirocycle and final product.
Proton magnetic resonance spectra and assignments of strychnine and selectively deuterated strychnine

Abstract The 1H NMR spectra of strychnine and 11a,11b,16-d3-strychnine in CDCl3 at 250 MHz were obtained and assigned by means of aromatic-solvent-induced chemical shift changes, double-resonance techniques, and computer simulation of NMR spectra. Accurate values for the coupling constants and chemical shifts are reported. The relative proton orientations of the strychnine molecule have been confirmed. T The specific deuteration of strychnine at positions 11a, 11b, and 16 by the reduction of pseudostrychnine in deuterated acid is reported.
Policy implications of Monetized Leakage Risk from Geologic CO2 Storage Reservoirs

Abstract Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a part of the CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) process has a large potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, but its deployment will require accurate assessment of both the possibility and cost of leakage. In this study, we took the Michigan sedimentary basin as an example to investigate the monetized risks associated with leakage, using the Risk Interference of Subsurface CO 2 Storage (RISCS) model. The monetized leakage risks derived from the RISCS model were then used to modify existing cost curves in GCAM (Global Change Assessment Model). With the modified cost curves, the model provided policy-relevant results to help inform the potential role of CCS in future energy systems when carbon mitigation targets and incentives are in place. The results showed that leakage risks from geologic storage reservoirs can reduce the deployment of CCS as much as 60%. The extent of this impact is sensitive to the permeability of potential leakage pathways, the regulations governing leakage interferences with other subsurface activities, and the stringency of climate policies. With low well leakage permeability, the costs of leakage will be manageable, and under more stringent carbon mitigation policies such as a high carbon tax, higher leakage risks can be afforded and incorporating leakage risks will have a smaller impact on CCS deployment. Our results also show that if the leakage risks were accounted for by charging a fixed premium - similar to how the risk of nuclear waste disposal is treated - the projected scale of CCS deployment in the energy mix is less affected.
Experimental and computational investigation of Au25 clusters and CO2: a unique interaction and enhanced electrocatalytic activity.

Atomically precise, inherently charged Au25 clusters are an exciting prospect for promoting catalytically challenging reactions, and we have studied the interaction between CO2 and Au25. Experimental results indicate a reversible Au25–CO2 interaction that produced spectroscopic and electrochemical changes similar to those seen with cluster oxidation. Density functional theory (DFT) modeling indicates these changes stem from a CO2-induced redistribution of charge within the cluster. Identification of this spontaneous coupling led to the application of Au25 as a catalyst for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in aqueous media. Au25 promoted the CO2 → CO reaction within 90 mV of the formal potential (thermodynamic limit), representing an approximate 200–300 mV improvement over larger Au nanoparticles and bulk Au. Peak CO2 conversion occurred at −1 V (vs RHE) with approximately 100% efficiency and a rate 7–700 times higher than that for larger Au catalysts and 10–100 times higher than those for current stat...
Petrologic, stratigraphic and tectonic significance of Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Río Wampú area, Eastern Honduras

Abstract A thick sequence of dark-red lava flows and clastic rocks with abundant volcanic debris crops out along the Rio Wampu of eastern Honduras. Lithologic characteristics of these rocks, field interpretations of the Rio Wampu stratigraphy, and limited KAr age determinations on volcanic samples indicate that these redbeds and associated volcanic units are correlative with the Upper Cretaceous Valle de Angeles Group of central Honduras. These strata uncomformably overlie dark clastic units which are tentatively correlated with the Jurassic Agua Fria Formation of the Honduras Group. The lava samples are predominantly microporphyritic andesites and basaltic andesites with abundant fine-grained phenocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and FeTi oxides. Immobile-element whole-rock and mineral concentrations indicate a high-K tholeiitic composition. Elevated TiO 2 whole-rock and clinopyroxene concentrations found in the basaltic andesites apparently reflect a primary magmatic characteristic. Based on geochemical and modal data, it appears that these rocks were erupted from partial mantle melts which were modified by substantial fractionation of modal phases. The presence of widespread Mesozoic redbeds and associated volcanics in Honduras was previously cited as evidence of regional extensional tectonics. However, structural, geochemical and stratigraphic data collected during this study indicate that the Rio Wampu volcanic suite was formed during a compressional (subduction-related) event. Similar high-TiO 2 basaltic andesites and andesites are reported along several active continental margins.
Cultural Capital and Entrepreneurial Success in a Dual-Society

A theoretical model was developed and empirically tested to further understand the variables that combine to create entrepreneurial success in a dual-society. A dual-society is society that has dif...
Gravitationally coupled Dirac equation for antimatter

The coupling of antimatter to gravity is of general interest because of conceivable cosmological consequences (``surprises'') related to dark energy and the cosmological constant. Here, we revisit the derivation of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation and find that the prefactor of a result given previously by Brill and Wheeler [Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 465 (1957)] for the affine connection matrix is in need of a correction. We also discuss the conversion of the curved-space Dirac equation from the so-called ``East-Coast'' to the ``West-Coast'' convention, in order to bring the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation to a form where it can easily be unified with the electromagnetic coupling as it is commonly used in modern particle physics calculations. The Dirac equation describes antiparticles as negative-energy states. We find a symmetry of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation, which connects particle and antiparticle solutions for a general space-time metric of the Schwarzschild type and implies that particles and antiparticles experience the same coupling to the gravitational field, including all relativistic quantum corrections of motion. Our results demonstrate the consistency of quantum mechanics with general relativity and imply that a conceivable difference of gravitational interaction of hydrogen and antihydrogen should directly be attributed to a a ``fifth force'' (``quintessence'').
Radiocontaminants in biological studies with copper-64

In tracer copper studies the radioactivity in the urine of animals had a longer half-life than the original Cu64, indicating the presence and concentration of other radioactive nuclides. Paper chromatography and chemical fractionations of solutions of the irradiated copper unit separated and identified two major radiochemical impurities, Zn65 and Ag110, and indicated the presence of Zn69, Fe59, and possibly others. The type and concentration of contaminants is variable. Electrolytic purification of the Cu is feasible. The presence of radiocontaminants at the observed levels is of importance in activity measurement when there is chemical or biological concentration of the impurity relative to the nuclide being studied or when the principal nuclide has a shorter half-life so that the impurity contributes relatively more as time passes.
Electric field ionization of foil-excited Rydberg states of fast heavy ions

The absolute yield of beam-foil-excited Rydberg states is measured, with the use of field-ionization techniques, for 125-MeV sulfur ions. The result, which agrees with a simple estimate, is compared with yields inferred from recent measurements of delayed K x rays.
Weaving a social fabric into existing software

Contextual collaboration is a promising approach to embedding new collaborative features into existing applications. However, incorporating such new features may be too difficult for applications without extensible frameworks or too complex for legacy, custom, and mission-critical applications. We present Aspect-Oriented Retrofitting as a lightweight approach to embedding contextual collaboration in this class of applications, describe guidelines for designing retrofitting aspects, and walk through two examples.
Effect of storage temperature on the quality of edible flowers

Abstract Five species of edible flowers were stored in polyethylene bags at −2.5 to 20 °C. Flowers were rated for visual quality each day for 2 weeks on a scale of 1–5 (5 being the highest quality). Viola tricolor L. ‘Helen Mount’ (viola), V. ×wittrockiana L. ‘Accord Banner Clear Mixture’ (pansy), and Tropaeolum majus L. ‘Jewel Mix’ (nasturtium) flowers showed similar losses in quality and were all rated a 5 when stored at 0 and 2.5 °C after 2 weeks. Borago officinalis L. (borage) stored at 0–5 °C were marketable, rated a 3 or higher, after 1 week, and those stored at −2.5 °C were still marketable after 2 weeks. Phaseolus coccineus L. ‘Dwarf Bees’ (scarlet runner bean) flowers when stored at 0–10 °C were still marketable after 1 week, but were unmarketable after 2 weeks, at any temperature.
Time‐temperature superposition in thermorheologically complex materials

Two-phase polymeric materials such as polymer blends, block copolymers, and graft copolymers, are thermorheologically complex. Mechanical response curves obtained on such materials at different temperatures cannot, in principle, be brought into superposition by a simple shift along the logarithmic time or frequency axis. The shift factors become functions of time or frequency in addition to temperature. A general treatment of time-temperature superposition in thermorheologically complex materials is developed and a model is proposed from which, for a two-phase material, the amount of shift can be calculated which is necessary to bring a point on a mechanical response curve obtained at a given temperature and time or frequency into superposition at another temperature. The mechanical responses of the constituent homopolymers and their temperature functions must be known.
Stem cells, niche, and zones

It is a fundamental question regarding how to keep the balance between long term maintenance of stem cells and meanwhile supporting active tissue regeneration. The stem cell niche plays an essential role in maintenance and regulation of stem cells. In mammals, however, keep stem cells as quiescent is an important mechanism for long term maintenance of stem cells. How to fulfill these two tasks simultaneously is a challenge. Here we will discuss our recent concept of separate zones for maintenance and expansion of stem cells in organisms with long life span.
Increase of tooth size in prehistoric coastal Peru, 10,000 B.P.-1,000 B.P.

Teeth increase in size during a 9,000-year period in an archae-ologically derived, radiocarbon dated sample of skeletons from a geographically restricted area of coastal Peru. Although cultural change is extensive, including the transition to food production and pottery making, teeth do not reduce as predicted under these conditions by Brace's Probable Mutation Effect. Since most of the dental literature dealing with size change of teeth focuses upon dental reduction, hypotheses explaining why teeth increase through time are not well developed. No obvious selective forces explaining size increase are apparent in the present data. Attrition decreases through time. The increase in tooth size in this collection may be a function of overall cranialfacial size increase, which (pending further data) may be related to a general body size increase.
Diffusion and thermal stability of amorphous copper zirconium.

Measurements have been made of diffusion and thermal relaxation in amorphous ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{50}$${\mathrm{Zr}}_{50}$ samples prepared by melt spinning in vacuum. Diffusion of Ag and Au impurities over the temperature range 317--385 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C was measured by Auger-electron spectrometry (for Ag) and Rutherford-backscattering spectrometry (for Au). Diffusivities of Ag and Au were found to be comparable to values for self-diffusion in crystalline Cu at the same temperatures, but activation energies and preexponential factors for the amorphous alloy are much smaller than those for the crystalline solid. These results suggest that the basic diffusion mechanism for the amorphous alloy may be an extended, liquidlike defect involving 13 or more atoms, rather than the monovacancy well established for crystalline Cu. Thermal relaxation measurements were made in amorphous Cu-Zr to 550 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C by differential scanning calorimetry. The relaxation processes are characterized by a spectrum of activation energies, the lowest of which is essentially the same as that measured for Ag diffusion. The activation energy for crystallization is far larger, implying that the rate-limiting step in the amorphous-crystalline transition is the formation of finite crystallization nuclei, rather than only the diffusional motion of atoms.
Gravitational forces in dual-porosity systems: I. Model derivation by homogenization

We consider the problem of modeling flow through naturally fractured porous media. In this type of media, various physical phenomena occur on disparate length scales, so it is difficult to properly average their effects. In particular, gravitational forces pose special problems. In this paper we develop a general understanding of how to incorporate gravitational forces into the dual-porosity concept. We accomplish this through the mathematical technique of formal two-scale homogenization. This technique enables us to average the single-porosity, Darcy equations that govern the flow on the finest (fracture thickness) scale. The resulting homogenized equations are of dual-porosity type. We consider three flow situations, the flow of a single component in a single phase, the flow of two fluid components in two completely immiscible phases, and the completely miscible flow of two components.
Tomography for multiconjugate adaptive optics systems using laser guide stars

In this paper we present a solution to the MCAO reconstruction problem using multiple laser guide stars and show that it can be interpreted as a form of back-projection tomography. It is shown that a key intermediate step is to determine a minimum-variance estimate of the index variations over the atmospheric volume. We follow the idea of Tokovinin and Viard [JOSA-A, April 2001] in initially formulating the problem in the Fourier domain; we then extend the interpretation to the spatial domain. The former results were limited to the case of infinite aperture and plane wave beacons, and the statistically optimal wavefront solution was given for a single science direction. The new approach is more general and interpretable as tomographic back-projections, which gives rise to algorithms for the finite aperture, cone (laser) beams, and wide-science-field cases. A fortuitous consequence of this analysis is that a “fast” algorithm suitable for real-time implementation has become evident. The reconstruction requires only filtering and the inversion of small (dimension = number of guidestars) matrices. In simulations, we compare results with those of a spatial domain least-square matrix-inversion method.
Information Counseling and the Outsourcing Challenge to Corporate Librarianship

The outsourcing of information services challenges corporate libraries to shift their focus toward those services that are not readily “outsourcable.” An analysis of library services indicates that the diagnostic level of service is potentially the least outsourcable. To effect this level of service, it is suggested that corporate librarians serve as information counselors on multifunctional project teams. A framework for an expanded model of the information counselor role integrating information diagnostic and repackaging services is presented.
Can we eliminate major tornadoes in Tornado Alley? — Response to the Comments

Dahl and Markowski are wrong and misleading to claim that the major tornadoes in USA Tornado Alley are not related to the collisions between northbound warm air flow and southbound cold air flow. In addition, they use incompressible and inviscid fluid model for atmosphere in their simulations about the interaction between air wind and the wall. Such approach ignores the basic physics and thus cannot reach any meaningful results. As air is compressible, the collision between the wind and wall will compress air, eventually lead the air density to decrease fast with the height and make the air flow stratified. The viscosity will produce wind shear, turbulent eddies and greatly reduce the wind's forwarding speed. Laboratory experiments and the Nature have all shown that hills with height about 300 m will not block winds completely to change the climate, but can effectively reduce the wind speed, weaken the air mass collisions and eliminate the major tornadoes. All these strongly support the theory that building east–west ranged walls of 300 m high and 50 m wide will eliminate major tornado threat in Tornado Alley.
Willingness to Drink as a Function of Peer Offers and Peer Norms in Early Adolescence

Objective:The goal of this study was to explore the effect of subjective peer norms on adolescents’ willingness to drink and whether this association was moderated by sensitivity to peer approval, prior alcohol use, and gender.Method:The sample was 1,023 middle-school students (52% female; 76% White; 12% Hispanic; Mage = 12.22 years) enrolled in a prospective study of drinking initiation and progression. Using web-based surveys, participants reported on their willingness to drink alcohol if offered by (a) a best friend or (b) a classmate, peer norms for two referent groups (close friends and classmates), history of sipping or consuming a full drink of alcohol, and sensitivity to peer approval (extreme peer orientation). Items were re-assessed at two follow-ups (administered 6 months apart).Results:Multilevel models revealed that measures of peer norms were significantly associated with both willingness outcomes, with the greatest prediction by descriptive norms. The association between norms and willingne...
Almost sure comparison of birth and death processes with application to M/M/s queueing systems

Given conditions, which concern the infinitesimal parameters of two birth and death processes, the processes are constructed on the same probability space such that one process is almost surely larger than the other. Application is made to M/M/s queueing systems. Stochastic comparisons of queue length and virtual waiting time in two M/M/s systems are obtained.
Effect of Mental Practice on Isometric Muscular Strength

This study was conducted in the Department of Physical Therapy, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112. The purpose of this study was to see if mental practice (MP) would increase voluntary isometric muscle strength in normal individuals. Twenty-four female subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group or a MP group. The study was conducted over a four-day period using a pretest, posttest, and control group design. The MP group participated in four, 30-minute covert practice sessions. During these sessions, subjects were instructed to cognitively practice isometric contractions of their right quadriceps muscle. Surface electromyography was applied during each practice session to ensure that subjects were not physically contracting their muscles. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures on one of the factors. The results of this study showed that the MP group significantly (p < .05) increased (12.6%) their quadriceps muscle strength compared to the control group. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1991;13(5):231-234.
Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics, Second Edition

Fractals and Chaos in Geology and Geophysics, Second Edition, is the best technical introduction to chaos known to me. It is suitable not only for geologists, but for anyone who is seriously interested in the subject. The title of the book is misleadingly narrow; its content would be better described by the unwieldy title “Concepts and Application of Chaos Theory,” with an even longer subtitle “Examples Taken Predominantly from the Earth Sciences.” The mathematics are simple; a second-year college student should be fully capable of handling the book.
Distortion minimization of laser‐processed components through control of laser scanning patterns

Residual thermal stresses and distortion are frequently present in the parts built using a layer‐by‐layer solid freeform fabrication techniques assisted with a moving laser source. This study uses finite element analysis to investigate the effect of laser scanning patterns on residual thermal stresses and distortion. It is shown that the out‐of‐plane distortion of a layer, processed by a moving laser beam can be minimized with a proper selection of the laser scanning pattern. A scanning pattern having changes in its scanning direction frequently by 90° at every turn can lead to the cancellation of concave upward and downward distortions. As a result of this cancellation, very small distortion is present in the laser processed plate. It is also found that distortion is mainly caused by transient thermal stresses rather than residual thermal stresses.
A trade-off model for performance and security in secured Networked Control Systems

Networked Control Systems (NCS) is a fast growing technology that integrates distributed sensors, actuators, and computing processors over a communication network for a vast amount of applications. However, the NCS can be vulnerable to various network attacks when the network used is insecure (e.g., Internet). Thus, secure NCS need to have embedded security mechanism to ensure its security operating requirements, which may sacrifice its performance due to limited system resources. This paper addresses the trade-off between NCS security and its real-time performance and use a secured networked DC motor system for illustration. This paper will present a trade-off model for system dynamic performance and system security. This model can be used to adapt security configurations to provide sufficient protection and satisfy real-time dynamic performance requirements of the NCS simultaneously. The construction of this model includes the development of a set of metrics to quantitatively measure the performance and security levels of NCS and the development of a trade-off objective function incorporating performance and security. A Simulink based test-bed implemented to control the speed of the DC motor is used to illustrate the effectiveness of this model.
The Need and Use of Process Recording in Policy Practice: A Learning and Assessment Tool for Macro Practice

This article proposes the use of a structured process recording format for policy practice students, field instructors, and social work faculty as a learning, teaching, and assessment tool. Traditionally, casework and group work have used process recording to facilitate students learning in the field practicum to assess both the process and content of student‐client interactions. Since policy practice is concerned with achieving a preferred course of action to shape policies and interactions affecting large numbers of people, process recordings offer a method to assess tasks, competency skills, and learning needs while examining process and conscious use of self in action.
Fusing Global Navigation With Computer-Aided Remote Driving Of Robotic Vehicles

Very few existing robotic vehicle systems today have the ability to plan a path and then execute it. Subsystems to do parts of this problem do exist. Automatic route planners can plan a path for a theoretical vehicle. Vehicle control systems such as Computer-Aided Remote Driving (CARD)' can drive a vehicle with limited operator intervention. The combination of route planning with the vehicle control system is the concept of Navigation Fusion. Work is under way at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to fuse the functions of a route planner and a planetary rover prototype which is piloted using CARD. In the CARD system, the operator chooses a path for the vehicle using wide-baseline stereo images returned from cameras on the vehicle. The robotic vehicle then executes that path under computer control without operator intervention. The route is planned on a Symbolics LISP machine and is then displayed to the operator as a desired path. The concept of Navigation Fusion involves displaying this desired path in perspective on the operator's 3-dimensional display. It requires knowledge of the relationship between the images returned from the vehicle and any information about of the movement area (or map). The operator will modify this path as necessary to avoid obstacles. The vehicle will then be instructed to execute the path. The fusion of global route planning and local path execution allows more intelligent planning and execution of robotic vehicle movements.
Urethral Recurrence in Patients with Orthotopic Ileal Neobladders

AbstractPurpose: We identified the risk of urethral recurrence following cystectomy for transitional cell bladder carcinoma, stratified by pathological characteristics of the bladder tumor and type of urinary diversion.Materials and Methods: The pathological characteristics and clinical courses of 174 men with a Kock ileal neobladder and 262 with a cutaneous urinary diversion were analyzed for time to urethral recurrence.Results: Urethral recurrence was identified in 34 patients at a median of 1.6 years after cystectomy, for an overall 7.9 percent 5-year risk of recurrence. Carcinoma in situ (p = 0.71) and multifocality (p = 0.17) did not independently confer an increased risk of recurrence. Prostatic urethral involvement, particularly stromal invasion, significantly increased the probability of recurrence (p less than 0.001). Patients with a Kock ileal neobladder had a significantly lower probability of recurrence compared to those with cutaneous diversion (p = 0.015), even when associated with prostatic...
Regeneration of cells from protoplasts ofClostridium acetobutylicum B643

Conditions that allow regeneration of cells fromClostridium acetobutylicum strain B643 protoplasts were studied. Protoplast formation and stabilization in minimal media with 50 mM CaCl2, 50 mM MgCl2 and 0.3 M sucrose were crucial to subsequent regeneration on soft yeast extract agar containing 25 mM CaCl2 and 25 mM MgCl2. A regeneration frequency of 8–25% was consistently obtained.
The fragmentation of C2F6

Abstract The fragmentation Of C 2 F 6 + has been studied by threshold photoelectron—photoion coincidence mass spectrometry and field-ionization mass spectrometry. Four types of data were obtained with the coincidence apparatus: threshold photoelectron spectra, fragmentation breakdown curves, time-dependent breakdown curves and kinetic energy release on fragmentation. The results indicate that the CF 3 + and C 2 F 5 + fragments are formed independently, probably from separate electronic states which do not internally convert to the ground electronic state. The field-ionization data show that these fragments are formed in less than 5 × 10 −13 s. Quasi-equilibrium calculations could not reproduce the experimental results.
Delayed diagnosis of partially obstructed longitudinal vaginal septa.

Objective To report delayed diagnosis in two cases because of subtle manifestations of partially obstructive mullerian anomalies. Design Case report. Setting Academic medical center. Patient(s) The first case is a 30-year-old woman who was seen initially with irregular vaginal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. On physical examination she was noted to have an anterior vaginal mass with a fistulous tract adjacent to the cervix. Blood and mucus issued from the fistulous tract when the anterior blade of the speculum compressed the vaginal mass. In case 2 a 40-year-old nulligravida was seen with infertility and mild dysmenorrhea. Her history was significant for a Strassman's metroplasty. On examination she was noted to have a bulging at the apex of the vagina adjacent to the cervix. Intervention(s) Transvaginal ultrasound, fistulogram, hysterosalpingogram, resection of the longitudinal vaginal septa, and cycle day 3 FSH. Main Outcome Measure(s) Symptoms. Result(s) In case 1 the subject had resolution of irregular vaginal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia. In case 2 the patient declined to pursue further therapy. Conclusion(s) Common gynecologic symptoms resulted from partially obstructed vaginal septa. These cases demonstrate the importance of a high index of suspicion in subjects who do not respond to standard therapies.
The response of a nonlinear, time‐dependent, baroclinic model of the atmosphere to tropical thermal forcing

A multi-level, sigma coordinate, primitive equation atmospheric model has been utilized to study both the tropical and extratropical response to an isolated region of steady thermal forcing in the tropics. The nonlinear response during the first 28 days of the simulation is described. The response can be generally characterized by two distinct components. The first component is a quasi-stationary disturbance which extends eastward and poleward away from the source region along a 'great circle' path. The structure of this disturbance is essentially barotropic away from the source region. The second component is a growing baroclinic wave propagating zonally at mid-latitudes. Significantly, this disturbance is apparently the result of baroclinic instability induced by the quasi-stationary wavetrain. The discussion is predominantly heuristic in form and relies heavily on graphical presentation and quasi-geostrophic theory to interpret the response and individual components of the thermodynamic energy and momentum equations.
Development in organ tissue culture of kidney rudiments from mutant mouse embryos

Abstract The developmental potencies of components of the kidney rudiment of prospectively kidneyless mice, homozygous for the Sd mutation, were studied in organ tissue culture. Intact kidney rudiments of Sd homozygous embryos were able to undergo differentiation in vitro, although to a lesser degree than normal and with abnormalities of the ureter and reduced mesenchymal tubule formation. Reciprocal combinations of normal and mutant kidney mesenchyme with normal and mutant ureter resulted in differentiation of ureteric branches and tubule formation. Normal as well as mutant spinal cord elicited tubule differentiation in normal or mutant kidney mesenchyme. Whereas the Sd mutation does not affect differentiation potentials of the embryonic kidney rudiment qualitatively, a smaller proportion of mutant than of normal rudiments shows differentiation, and those rudiments which do differentiate start later and produce fewer tubules than normal. The possible mechanisms underlying this effect of the genetic change on kidney differentiation are discussed.
Prosthetics for Parastomal Hernia Repair

It is an accepted fact that parastomal hernias are a common and frustrating problem. Traditional surgical techniques of direct fascial repair and stoma relocation have largely fallen out of favor because of their poor outcomes. Synthetic prosthetic grafts have long been used in the repair of other types of hernias. Despite their known risk factors, including infection and erosion into bowel, they have been used extensively in the surgical management of parastomal hernias. Recently, newer bioprosthetic materials are beginning to make an appearance in clinical trials with promising results. Placement of these prosthetics in the sublay or underlay positioning is associated with the best outcomes. Lastly, the technique of routing the bowel is a hotly debated point—whether routing should be done through the prosthetic (keyhole technique) or around the prosthetic (Sugarbaker technique). The majority of published studies have used the keyhole technique with a wide range of success rates. Recently, the Sugarbaker technique is gaining in popularity with promising early results.
Epilepsy in the oral and maxillofacial patient: current therapy.

c r d t t r n ( s p c g o u i d i i f w w a pilepsy is a common disease often encountered in he practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery. The orldwide prevalence has been estimated to range rom 0.5% to 0.9% in the general population, affecting pproximately 50 million individuals. The periods of ighest incidence occur in patients younger than 1 ear and in patients older than 75 years. Using antipileptic medications, 50% to 65% of these patients ecome seizure free. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons reat patients on a regular basis for routine dentoalvelar surgery, as well as managing facial trauma susained secondary to falls during seizures. The pathohysiology, classification, and treatment of seizures re discussed here, as are alterations in management or the oral and maxillofacial surgeon. A seizure is defined as an episodic disturbance of ovement, feeling, or consciousness that can be aused by sudden synchronous, inappropriate, and xcessive electrical discharges that interfere with the ormal function of the brain. The term epilepsy is efined as a disease of frequent seizures that do not ave a reversible metabolic cause. Epilepsy can be aused by either abnormal neuronal membrane funcion or an alteration between the excitatory and inibitory neurons. The postictal period is the time mmediately following the seizure when there is a epression in the neurologic function. The interictal eriod refers to the time when the individual is at aseline neurologic function. In approximately 70% of all epilepsy cases, the pecific etiology cannot be determined. These cases
Molecular structure and function of angiotensin type 2 receptor.

Molecular structure and function of angiotensin type 2 receptor. More than two isoforms have been identified for angiotensin receptors based on their ligand selectivity. The objective of this study is to determine the molecular structure of angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT 2 ), whose physiological functions are still an enigma despite extensive studies on its distribution in fetal tissues. We expression-cloned a cDNA of an affinity-purified AT 2 from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12w). The AT 2 cDNA clone comprises 2,868 nucleotides and encodes a 363 amino acid protein with seven putative transmembrane domains. The dissociation constant for its binding to 125 I-CGP42112A, an AT 2 -specific ligand, was 0.11 ± 0.01nM. Its binding to 0.5nM 125 I-[Sar 1 Ile 8 ]-Ang II was not inhibited by Dup 753 but by PD123319 (IC 50 = 1.7 ± 0.2nM). These binding features are characteristic of angiotensin type 2 receptor. The amino acid sequence analysis of the purified AT 2 corroborated the amino terminus of the deduced primary structure of AT 2 . Angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT 1 ) is the most closely related to AT 2 but with only 32% amino acid sequence identity. Angiotensin II attenuated membrane-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in the COS-7 cells stably expressing AT 2 through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. However, the physiological function of AT 2 in the fetal kidney is still unresolved.
Case Study: Bupropion Exacerbates Tics in Children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Tourette's Syndrome

Concerns have been raised regarding the development of tics in some children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) receiving stimulants. Because in many patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) the ADHD symptoms are the major source of disability, alternative nonstimulant treatments are needed. Initial reports on bupropion have suggested that it may be an effective alternative in children and adults with ADHD. The value of bupropion as an alternative treatment for patients with comorbid TS and ADHD is determined by the question of association with exacerbation of tics. The purpose of this study was to examine an apparent association with exacerbation of tics in patients with comorbid TS and ADHD. A careful retrospective analysis was conducted of clinic cases of patients who all had comorbid TS and ADHD treated with bupropion. We present four cases of children with ADHD and comorbid TS treated with bupropion in whom tics were exacerbated by this medicine. This series suggests that bupropion may not be an appropriate alternative to stimulants in the treatment of ADHD in TS.
Multicomponent assembly of nanocrystals

We have developed chemical-based methods to produce binary assemblies of nanocrystals. The ordered arrays that result are superlattices that mimic the structures of known crystal phases. Applications of this new type of material extends into the realm of optical science and technology. The model is of single component nanocrystals in the 5-20 nm range, which build multicomponent structures of micrometer dimensions. The method presents the opportunity to choose from a variety of inorganic nanocrystals (e.g. semiconducting, magnetic) in order to prepare superlattices with uniquely tunable properties. Transition metal and transition metal oxide nanocrystals are nanometer dimension crystals composed of one or more metals from the d block of the periodic table, and oxygen. The nanocrystals have capping groups which render them discrete, stable, and enable them to be manipulated in a variety of media such as solvents or polymers. The nanocrystals are ideally monodisperse, uniform in composition, crystalline, and can be prepared over a range of sizes from 5-20 nm. The selection of composition for the nanocrystals is based on materials with known interesting properties (optical, electronic or electrical) in the bulk phase. Once fully characterized, the nanocrystals can be considered as components for the assembly of a nanostructured composite material designed to exhibit interesting collective properties with tunable control at the nanoscale.
Team Building for Nurses Experiencing Burnout and Poor Morale

Abstract Group team building was effective in improving both morale and job satisfaction while decreasing burnout among outpatient surgery nurses.
A Political-Economy of the U.S. Subprime Meltdown

What began as a downturn in the U.S. housing sector in mid-2007 soon mushroomed into a global financial crisis by September 2008. Why was the crisis triggered in the United States renowned for its resilient and innovative economic system? Why the crisis, which began with the implosion of a relatively small part of the U.S. housing market (the subprime mortgages) quickly morphed into a credit crunch, plunging the world economy in the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression? And, what explains the failure of both the market participants and public authorities to anticipate (at least initially) the depth and gravity of the crisis? In contrast to conventional explanations that see the crisis rooted in the procyclicality of the financial system, or the result of Wall Street greed and incompetence, this article provides a political-economy analysis of the complex series of events that lead to U.S. subprime meltdown. Specifically, the paper illustrates that the subprime crisis is fundamentally the result of massive regulatory failure in the United States. Although both market actors and regulators failed to properly assess the risks of complex assets, powerful lawmakers (both Republicans and Democrats) and regulators whose responsibility was to maintain due diligence against potentially destructive market failure, clearly failed in their responsibility.
MONITORING POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS WITH PASSIVE LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE MEMBRANE DEVICES

Low-density polyethylene membranes, typically filled with triolein, have been previously deployed as passive environ- mental samplers designed to accumulate nonpolar hydrophobic chemicals from water, sediments, and air. Hydrocarbons in such samplers, known as semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), diffuse through pores in the membranes and are trapped in the central hydrocarbon matrix, mimicking uptake by living organisms. Here, we describe laboratory and field verification that low- density polyethylene membrane devices (PEMDs) without triolein provide reliable, relatively inexpensive, time-integrated hydro- carbon sampling from water. For comparison, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) uptake in SPMDs and pink salmon eggs also was studied. Total concentrations of PAH accumulated by PEMDs were highly correlated with concentrations in water (r 2 $ 0.99) and linear over the range tested (0-17 mg/L). Higher-molecular-mass PAH preferentially accumulated in PEMDs and in pink salmon eggs, but the source of oil in PEMDs remained identifiable. Accumulations of PAH were highly similar to those in SPMDs. The PEMDs retained approximately 78% of accumulated total PAH for 40 d in clean water. Thus, a simple plastic membrane can be conveniently used for environmental monitoring, particularly during situations in which contaminant concentrations are low (in the parts-per-billion range), variable, and intermittent. Keywords—Polyethylene membrane devices Semipermeable membrane devices Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon Environmental monitoring
The Olfactory Response of Ips confusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to the Secondary Attraction in the Laboratory

A highly sensitive bioassay of the olfactory response of I. confusus is described. The response of beetles to air streams carrying attractants is a chemoklinotaxis but positive orientation occurs only in moving air. There is no evidence of ameno-taxis in odorless air streams or orientation to attractants in still air. Male behavior is characterized by an “area” orientation near the attractive material, an indirect approach to the source as shown by their entering adjacent air channels, and stopping frequently in the traverse during which they make klinotactic movements. The females exhibit a “point” or “straight-line” response, crawling directly to the source, rarely deviating into adjacent channels and only occasionally interrupting their approach.Bark-wood samples of ponderosa pine become attractive 4-6 hours after male beetles are introduced into preformed entrance tunnels, the peak attraction occurring between 18 and 144 hours. Frass is not attractive until 9-12 hours after introduction of males. The ratio of females to males responding positively during the peak attraction period was approximately 8:5. The level of attractiveness to females falls as the season progresses, the highest response being recorded in late May and June. Sexual maturity as judged by the appearance of motile sperm was not correlated with host feeding or the initiation of attraction. Frass of males boring in Douglas fir was unattractive to females.Attraction is initiated by male feeding in the phloem-cambial tissue of a host and is delayed until the first food has passed through the gut. The attractant appears to be associated with male excrement and may be produced, at least in part, in the hindgut.