cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remodeling of cardiac fibroblasts following myocardial infarction results in increased gap junction intercellular communication.

Abstract Background We have recently shown that native murine ventricular fibroblasts express both connexin43 (Cx43) and Cx45, and that the level of Cx43 expression influences intercellular coupling and cell proliferation. Relatively little is known, however, about how myocardial infarction (MI) influences expression of Cx43, or how altered Cx43 expression may affect fibroblast function post-MI. Fibroblasts are critical for infarct healing and post-infarct ventricular remodeling. They can couple electrically with cardiac myocytes and influence myocardial activation patterns. Thus, Cx43 remodeling and the level of intercellular communication in fibroblasts expressed in the infarcted heart were the subject of the present investigation. Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from both infarct scar and remote, noninfarcted regions of murine hearts 6 d after coronary ligation. Expression levels of Cx43, α-smooth muscle actin and N-cadherin were quantified by immunoblotting. Gap junctional intercellular communication was quantified by Lucifer yellow dye transfer. Results and Conclusions Fibroblasts isolated from infarcted hearts exhibited marked up-regulation of Cx43 protein expression and enhanced intercellular coupling. Exogenous administration of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to fibroblast cultures from normal, non-operated hearts produced comparable up-regulation of Cx43, suggesting that increased intercellular communication between fibroblasts in infarct and peri-infarct regions may be secondary to activation of a TGF-β pathway. Unlike cardiac myocytes that down-regulate Cx43, presumably to limit intercellular transmission of biochemical mediators of ischemic injury, fibroblasts may up-regulate Cx43 to maintain electrical and metabolic coupling at a time when intercellular communication is compromised.
Quantum optics: Photon bunching two by two

Although the bunching of photons emitted from an incoherent source is well known, the nanosecond response times of conventional photon-counting detectors have prevented it from being observed directly. Using the ultrafast two-photon absorption characteristics of a semiconductor detector, such effects can now be studied at femtosecond timescales.
STIMULATED PLATELETS RELEASE AMYLOID β–PROTEIN PRECURSOR

Abstract Human platelets can be stimulated by thrombin or ionomycin to secrete soluble truncated amyloid β-protein precursor and particulate membrane fragments which contain C-terminal and N-terminal immunoreactive reactive amyloid β-protein precursor. This suggests a possible circulating source of β-protein in serum which may play a role in the formation of amyloid deposits. The release of soluble amyloid β-protein precursor could be involved in normal platelet physiology.
Emerging trends in retail pricing practice: implications for research

Abstract This article represents the first of several editorials to appear in the Journal of Retailing designed to examine the nexus between retail practice and research, with the goal of stimulating further research. This essay on emerging trends in pricing discusses recent advances in retail pricing optimization. We begin with a review of how retailers typically make pricing decisions using time-honored heuristics and attempt to infer the optimal decisions. However, current methods are suboptimal because they do not consider the affects of advertising, competition, substitute products, or complementary products on sales. Most fail to take into account how price elasticity changes over time, particularly for fashion merchandise, or how market segments react differentially to price changes. In addition, many retailers find it difficult to know how to price merchandise when their suppliers offer temporary “deals.” They are also generally unaware of how their pricing strategy influences their overall image. As these issues demonstrate, optimal pricing is not a static problem. Retailers must be able to react quickly to changes in the environment or sales patterns. This paper also provides examples of the more sophisticated pricing techniques that are currently being tested in practice. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the critical components that must be incorporated into retail pricing.
Stratospheric Circulation Features Deduced from SAMS Constituent Data.

Further analyses of three years of SAMS data are used to investigate stratospheric circulation. Eddy effects on constituent transport are examined with two transport formulations - the transformed Eulerian mean formulation and the effective transport formulation. The transformed Eulerian mean formulation, together with calculated residual mean winds, is employed to delineate regions, or times, of significant eddy contributions to constituent transport. The effective transport formulation, which involves individual calculations of the effective-transport velocity for both CH4 and N2O, is used. Both gases reveal a descent in the tropics during northern spring and upwelling in the summer tropics of the stratosphere during solstice. The Northern Hemisphere upwelling appears to cause larger CH4 increases than corresponding Southern Hemisphere summer tropical upwelling.
Pump-assisted hemofiltration in infants with acute renal failure

Hemofiltration is accepted management for acute renal failure in critically ill patients. However, in infants, obtaining arterial access or adequate flow through the access is often difficult. We report our technique and experience with pump-assisted hemofiltration (PAHF) in ten infants with acute renal failure. In five patients, doublelumen venous catheters provided access, while two catheters at separate sites were used in the remaining patients. In all patients, hemofilters were used with standard intravenous tubing added to pre-filter tubing and placed through a standard volumetric infusion pump for regulation of blood flow. The infants, aged 5–575 days, weighed from 2.8 to 11.4 kg and had primary diagnoses of post-operative congenitial heart disease in five, sepsis in four, and renal dysplasia in one. The duration of PAHF averaged 158±115 h (range 20–332 h). Complications included bleeding at a catheter or surgical site in one patient each and asymptomatic hyponatremia in five patients. Thus, with adequate nurse training, PAHF using a volumetric infusion pump for blood regulation can be acceptable therapy in acute renal failure in infants.
Tradeoff between short-term and long-term adaptation in a changing environment

We investigate the competition dynamics of two microbial or viral strains that live in an environment that switches periodically between two states. One of the strains is adapted to the long-term environment, but pays a short-term cost, while the other is adapted to the short-term environment and pays a cost in the long term. We explore the tradeoff between these alternative strategies in extensive numerical simulations and present a simple analytic model that can predict the outcome of these competitions as a function of the mutation rate and the time scale of the environmental changes. Our model is relevant for arboviruses, which alternate between different host species on a regular basis.
Modeling transient stream/aquifer interaction with the non-linear Boussinesq equation and its analytical solution

A new analytical solution of the non-linear transient groundwater flow equation subject to time variable river boundaries was used to simulate stream/aquifer interactions in an alluvial valley aquifer. The differential equations were solved using the method of decomposition. The mathematical model required relatively few parameters to simulate groundwater elevations: hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and recharge. The model was physically based and could simulate the process of a flood wave propagation into an unconfined aquifer. The model was tested using observed water table elevations at three locations across a 2 km wide alluvial valley aquifer. The average daily deviation between observed and simulated water table elevations was approximately 0.09 m. The transient redistribution of water in the aquifer was simulated well with the model. The non-linear form of the Boussinesq equation was shown to better simulate cases when the transmissivity of the aquifer could not be assumed to be a constant.
Analysis of leading-edge separation bubbles on airfoils

The small separation bubbles which form near the leading edge of airfoils prior to the onset of leading-edge stall have been analyzed in detail, including the effects of viscous-invis cid interaction. The separated laminar shear layer, transitional flow, and turbulent reattaching flow are represented by an integral formulation. A correlation of local shear-layer parameters has been developed for determining the onset of transition in the laminar shear layer. Solutions are obtained using an iterative procedure, with strong interaction effects limited to the immediate vicinity of the separation bubble. Five different cases are analyzed, varying both angle of attack and Reynolds number. Results are in good agreement with wind tunnel measurements.
Linoleic acid: a specific cytotaxin for macrophages.

Abstract Injection of foreign substances into pleura or lung results in a linear accumulation of both macrophages and linoleic acid. In Boyden Chambers, linoleic acid stimulates motility of alveoli or pleural macrophages, but is without effect of polymorphonuclear leukocyte mobility. Similarly macrophages, in contrast to polymorphonuclear leukocytes, secrete large amounts of linoleic acid in vitro . Other fatty acids, palmitic, oleic and palmitoleic, but not arachidonic or prostaglandins are also secreted. These other secreted fatty acids are without effect on motility of macrophages or polymorphonuclear leukocyte. Formyl peptides, which accelerate motility both in macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocyte, activate linoleic acid secretion only in macrophages. Linoleic acid is chemokinetic, but not chemotactic, nor is a specific receptor for linoleic acid present in macrophages or polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Since the metabolic uses, i.e. oxidation and esterification of palmitic acid and linoleic acid are similar in macrophages, it is probable that linoleic acid functions as a non-specific ligand on the cell surface. These studies suggest that linoleic acid acts as a major and cell-specific cytotaxin in in vivo granuloma formation and that the major source of this cytotaxin is resident macrophages themselves.
In-situ dynamic high-resolution transmission electron microscopy: application to Pt/GaAs interfacial reactions

Abstract In-situ annealing high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is a powerful technique for the observation of dynamic events in materials at the atomic scale. This paper discusses its use, and applies it to the study of the interfacial reactions in the Pt/GaAs system. We observed that initially a solid-state amorphization process occurs, by the dominant diffusion of Pt to the GaAs. The correlation of the kinetic data with the microstructural changes reveals that the diffusion kinetics are changed after the transformation of the amorphous phase to a crystalline product. During the high-temperature reaction which produces crystalline platinum gallide and platinum di-arsenide, we observed that GaAs substrate is dissociated in a layer-by-layer manner via a ledge mechanism. The whole reaction process and kinetic data are consistent with those of parallel ex-situ annealing experiments.
Acute myeloblastic leukemia following non‐hodgkin lymphoma in an adolescent. A report of a case with preleukemic syndrome, and review of the literature

Reports of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia occurring after successful treatment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are appearing with increasing frequency. Two years after completion of LSA2-L2 therapy for stage III, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, a 16-year-old boy developed a preleukemic state characterized by a refractory macrocytic anemia with excess blasts, dyshematopoiesis, abnormal cluster:colony ratio on in vitro bone marrow culture, and acquired deficiencies of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase, triose phosphate isomerase, and adenylate kinase. Four months later acute myeloblastic leukemia was evident. The RNA index determined by flow cytofluorometry was increased. Four marker chromosomes were found and involved complex translocation of chromosomes 11 and 17 (t11;l17) in 100% of the cells, and chromosomes 4 (t4q;4) in 10% of the cells. A thorough literature search uncovered four other reports of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia occurring in children treated for NHL and a total of 58 cases in the adult and pediatric age groups. Over 50% of the patients had AML, were mean over 50 years of age, and were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is anticipated that additional cases of second malignancies will be reported in this population of patients whose outlook for the curability of the primary malignancy is 75%.
Geiger-mode APD cameras for 3D LADAR imaging

We describe recent results and a longer term roadmap for single-photon sensitive Geiger-mode avalanche diode cameras. These cameras employ time-of-flight measurements at every pixel to generate point cloud data for 3D imaging LADAR systems. Article not available.
Bisimulation Relations for Dynamical and Control Systems

Abstract In this paper we propose a new equivalence relation for dynamical and control systems called bisimulation . As the name implies this definition is inspired by the fundamental notion of bisimulation introduced by R. Milner for labeled transition systems. It is however, more subtle than its namesake in concurrency theory, mainly due to the fact that here, one deals with relations on manifolds. We further show that the bisimulation relations for dynamical and control systems defined in this paper are captured by the notion of abstract bisimulation of Joyal, Nielsen and Winskel (JNW). This result not only shows that our equivalence notion is on the right track, but also confirms that the abstract bisimulation of JNW is general enough to capture equivalence notions in the domain of continuous systems. We believe that the unification of the bisimulation relation for labeled transition systems and dynamical systems under the umbrella of abstract bisimulation, as achieved in this work, is a first step towards a unified approach to modeling of and reasoning about the dynamics of discrete and continuous structures in computer science and control theory.
Prospective determination of the hormonal response after cessation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment in patients with prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives. To determine the hormonal (luteinizing hormone [LH] and testosterone) and biochemical (serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA]) response to withdrawal of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in patients who received more than 2 years of LHRH therapy for advanced prostate cancer. Methods. Fourteen patients with clinical Stage T3 or higher prostate cancer and no evidence of clinical or biochemical progression, who had received 2 years or more of LHRH therapy, were enrolled at the time of their scheduled 3-month depot injection. Patients underwent history, physical examination, and measurement of serum PSA, LH, and testosterone at baseline, monthly for 3 months, and then every 3 months for 1 year following LHRH withdrawal. Results. The mean age of patients was 70.3 years (range 56 to 84). Patients previously received LHRH agonist for a mean of 38.6 months (range 25 to 82). All patients had castrate levels of testosterone (median 10.0 ng/dL) and suppressed LH levels (median 0.1 mIU/mL) at baseline. Median baseline PSA was 0.15 ng/mL. On multiple groupwise comparison, there was no significant change (compared with baseline) in LH or testosterone until 6 months after withdrawal and no change in PSA throughout the duration of the study (median PSA at 12 months 0.30 ng/mL). Despite significant increases in LH and testosterone when compared with baseline beginning at 6 months, both LH and testosterone remained markedly suppressed, with median testosterone remaining in the castrate range at both 6 and 9 months and significantly below the lower limit of normal at 12 months (median 111.0 ng/dL). Despite no statistically significant change for the entire cohort in serum PSA, a rising PSA was noted in 4 patients between 3 and 9 months, and LHRH therapy was reinitiated. The remaining patients continued to have suppressed LH and testosterone, with 4 patients remaining in the castrate range at 12 months. Conclusions. The recovery of function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis after prolonged LHRH administration is variable. Castrate levels of testosterone and suppressed LH may persist even up to 1 year after discontinuing LHRH. These results have significant implications regarding the interpretation of clinical trials incorporating neoadjuvant and adjuvant hormonal therapy. Further studies are needed to expand on these preliminary observations and should also address the feasibility of incorporating LHRH withdrawal into clinical practice.
Heritability Studies in Turkeys 1. March Egg Weight and March Shell Color

Abstract AS THE breeding phase of the turkey industry becomes more specialized, information will be needed on the estimates of heritability of many traits, and the relationships between these traits. There are few reported estimates of heritability of the traits that are involved in the general state of reproduction for the turkey. Those for spring egg weight vary from. 423 (McCartney, 1956) to. 65 (Kosin, 1957) for the sire-dam component. There are no reported estimates of heritability of shell color for the turkey. It is the purpose of this paper to present estimates of heritability for March egg weight and March shell color in the Station flock of Broad Breasted Bronze turkeys. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE During the 1957, 1958, and 1959 breeding seasons, measurements of egg weight and shell color were made on the first three eggs laid in March for each hen in the flock. The flock used for this purpose…
Simultaneous and Mixed Stress Relaxation in Tension and Creep in Torsion of 2618 Aluminum

Etude du comportement de l'alliage en fonction du temps soumis a des essais de relaxation en traction, de relaxation en traction simultanee avec des variations en fluage de torsion et essai de torsion alterne; fluage alterne et relaxation. Comparaison des resultats avec des modeles theoriques bases sur les donnees de restauration par fluage sous des etats de contrainte constants. Les observations experimentales sont generalement tres bien decrites par le durcissement par deformation
Myocardial function in rocky mountain spotted fever: Echocardiographic assessment

Nine patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever underwent M-mode echocardiographic examination. Increased left ventricular dimension was found in 2 patients and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction in 7. Diminished mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, increased left ventricular systolic time intervals ratio, and increased mitral valve E point to ventricular septal separation were found in 6 patients. One patient died and at necropsy diffuse myocarditis was present. Repeat echocardiographic examination was available in the remaining 8 patients at follow-up (mean 10 months). Abnormal E mitral point to ventricular septal separation remained in 3 patients and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction in 2; in 1 there was also increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. Thus abnormal left ventricular function and chamber enlargement are frequently present in patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Adsorption of pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane on the Pd(100) surface studied by high resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy

Abstract Adsorption and reaction of pentamethylcyclopentasiloxane (PMPS) on a clean Pd(100) surface were investigated with the goal to determine whether anchoring of siloxane compounds on this metal occurs via strong dissociative chemisorption and whether siloxane monolayers can be formed. The room temperature exposure resulted in disordered, partially dissociated PMPS while retaining the Si–O backbone bonds, as indicated by high resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HRXPS). The quantitative HRXPS analysis showed that the surface Si coverage corresponded to 0.74 ML and that the PMPS adsorbed “flat” with partially broken Si–CH 3 bonds serving as anchoring points. Subsequent exposure of the PMPS-covered Pd surface to CO and O 2 showed no adsorption of these molecules, demonstrating that the adsorbed PMPS completely blocked the metal surface. However, exposure to Cl 2 gave rise to two distinct Cl 2p peaks in the HRXPS spectrum: a main component at 199.73 eV and a much smaller peak shifted from the main peak by ΔBE=−2.11 eV, corresponding to Cl atoms covalently bonded to PMPS and atomic Cl bonded to the Pd metal respectively. Thus, Cl 2 reacts with PMPS and the Cl atoms gain access to the Pd surface by rearranging the Cl/PMPS overlayer.
The Effect of Lodging Prices On Visitors' Demand: Everglades National Park

Raising prices of lodging services in U. S. national parks has been suggested as a method of alleviating the problems associated with over-visitation; higher prices could also reconciliate external costs the uses of these lodging facilities cause. This article examines the hypothesis that raising lodging prices would ameliorate use/ preservation conflict by controlling demand for visitation and generating a fund for preservation. Price elasticity of demand was employed to estimate the effect of raising prices on controlling the demand and on generating the fund. With Ever glades National Park used as the case study, findings suggested that raising the prices would be ineffective in controlling demand for visitation, but that raising lodging prices would lead to generating a fund for preserving the park without diminishing concessionaires' previous revenues. It was suggested that the policy of raising lodging prices is most likely to be effective in the most famous national parks because of their remotenes...
A critique of Tensor Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis: implications and recommendations for multi-subject fMRI data analysis.

Abstract Tensor Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis (TPICA) is a popular tool for analyzing multi-subject fMRI data ( voxels × time × subjects ) because of TPICA's supposed robustness. In this paper, we show that TPICA is not as robust as its authors claim. Specifically, we discuss why TPICA's overall objective is questionable, and we present some flaws related to the iterative nature of the TPICA algorithm. To demonstrate the relevance of these issues, we present a simulation study that compares TPICA versus Parallel Factor Analysis (Parafac) for analyzing simulated multi-subject fMRI data. Our simulation results demonstrate that TPICA produces a systematic bias that increases with the spatial correlation between the true components, and that the quality of the TPICA solution depends on the chosen ICA algorithm and iteration scheme. Thus, TPICA is not robust to small-to-moderate deviations from the model's spatial independence assumption. In contrast, Parafac produces unbiased estimates regardless of the spatial correlation between the true components, and Parafac with orthogonality-constrained voxel maps produces smaller biases than TPICA when the true voxel maps are moderately correlated. As a result, Parafac should be preferred for the analysis multi-subject fMRI data where the underlying components may have spatially overlapping voxel activation patterns.
GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS ON NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS

The propagation of neutrinos in a strong gravitational field is determined within the WKB approximation. The result is used to study the modifications induced by gravity on the standard picture of neutrino oscillations. It is seen that, for sufficiently strong fields, the gravitationally induced left–right transitions are important, and will significantly modify the persistence probability for a neutrino to retain its original flavor and helicity. The inclusion of electromagnetic interactions is also briefly considered.
Treatment of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: Clues from the bench

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is due to optic nerve head ischemia, and there is currently no effective treatment. Age is a significant risk factor for both arteritic and nonarteritic AION (NAION), although we do not fully understand the changes that occur in aging that lead to selective vulnerability of the optic nerve head. Arteritic AION, which is most often seen in the setting of giant cell arteritis, is caused by vasculitis and thromboembolism of the ophthalmic circulation leading to impaired perfusion of the short posterior ciliary artery and infarction of the optic nerve head. More commonly, AION is nonarteritic, and vision loss is typically altitudinal and noted most commonly upon awakening. NAION has been associated with a variety of risk factors, including disc-at-risk, vascular risk factors including diabetes, vasospasm and impaired autoregulation, nocturnal hypotension, and sleep apnea. This review summarizes the clinical presentation of non-arteritic AION and arteritic AION associated with giant cell arteritis and the current and future treatment approaches for human NAION based on lessons from photochemical thrombosis models of NAION.
Effects of surface and physical confinement on the phase transitions of cyclohexane in porous silica.

We have measured the specific heat (${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{p}}$) of cyclohexane at 120T300 K when cyclohexane was physically restricted in porous Spherosil (silica) samples of pore radii 4, 7.5, 15, 30, and 62.5 nm. The behaviors of the monoclinic-to-cubic structural transition and of the melting transition of cyclohexane were determined. As expected, both transition temperatures, i.e., solid-solid and melting, inversely scaled with the pore radius (${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{p}}$). It is argued that the surface heterogeneity, the presence of hydroxyl groups, and the radius of curvature (especially for smaller pores) induce considerable disorder in the adsorbed layers of cyclohexane, thus, resulting in the nucleation of crystalline grains of various sizes rather than in a single crystalline plug of cyclohexane in the porous silica samples. The distribution of the grain boundaries of crystalline cyclohexane produces a specific-heat peak for the melting transition, which almost resembles the \ensuremath{\lambda} shape for ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{p}}$\ensuremath{\le}30 nm. Unlike the monoclinic-to-cubic transition, the \ensuremath{\lambda} anomaly of the melting transition does not reflect a logarithmic dependence near the transition temperature. It is also argued, from the comparative observed ${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{p}}$ behavior of the bulk cyclohexane with the physically restricted cyclohexane, that the cyclohexane liquid is more viscous than the bulk when it is confined in pores of 4 and 7.5 nm.
The Zooarchaeology of Islands: Towards Synergy and Synthesis

ABSTRACT In recent years much ink has been spilled debating the role, nature, and legitimacy of island archaeology as a subdiscipline within archaeology. No matter how islands and their archaeology are viewed, however, there can be no doubt that zooarchaeological studies of islands have gained increasing prominence in our efforts to understand human lifeways in these settings. Here we discuss current trends in island zooarchaeology and examine some of the diverse research agendas, novel developments, and approaches pursued in the archaeological analysis of insular faunas. These are considered with reference to the topically and geographically diverse research contributions comprising this special issue. We suggest that cross-regional collaborations such as this special issue are fundamental to advancing research and investigative goals of island- and coastal-based zooarchaeology.
Exploring the Effects of Sex and Mode of Presentation in Perceptions of Dating Goals in Video-Dating

The study examines how sex and mode of presentation influence perceptions of dating goals (Mongeau, Serewicz, & Therrien, 2004) in a video-dating context. We examine sex differences in perceived dating goals by exploring explanations for these differences involving perceptual thresholds and cue usage (i.e., access to flirting cues). We employ a 2 (Sex: Male or Female) × 3 (Mode of Presentation: Transcript, Audio, Audio-Visual) factorial analysis of variance design to compare these different potential causal mechanisms. Error management theory, cognitive valence theory, and male insensitivity to behavioral cues are invoked as overarching theoretical frameworks.
Molecular-to-Large-Scale Heat Transfer With Multiphase Interfaces: Current Status and New Directions

The scientific understanding of multiphase interfaces and the associated convective mass, momentum, and heat transport across and along their boundaries, provide the fundamental underpinnings of the advancement of boiling heat transfer, two-phase flows, heat pipes, spray cooling, and droplet-film coating, among many other engineering applications. Numerous studies have tried to characterize the interfacial behavior and model their mechanistic influences either directly or implicitly via parametric experimental investigations and/or simulations. The goal of advancing our understanding as well as developing generalized, perhaps "universal, "and more accurate phenomenological or mechanistic correlations, for predicting mass, momentum, and heat transfer, continues to engage the worldwide research community. A collection of some such current investigations that are representative of both basic and applied issues in the field is presented in this special issue of the Journal of Heat Transfer.
Ion–molecule reactions of C60Rh+ with CH3X, C6H5X(X = Cl, Br, I) and CH2I2

The gas-phase ion-molecule chemistry of exohedrally bound C60Rh+ with CH3X, C6H5X (X = Cl, Br, and I) and CH2I2 is studied using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Reactions with CH3I and CH2I2 yield the buckminsterfullerene derivatives, C60CH3+ and C60CH2+, respectively. Energy resolved collisional activation experiments on these two product ions indicate that the methylene group is more strongly bound to C60 than the methyl group. This is consistent with methylene being bound by two carbon-carbon bonds to C60, while methyl is bound by a single carbon-carbon bond. Unlike CH3I, CH3Cl and CH3Br react with C60Rh+ in a stepwise fashion to yield C60Rh(CH2)n+ (n = 1 − 3). Interestingly, C60Rh(CH2)2,3+ are shown to be isomers of C60RhX+ (X = ethene, propene), possibly with a carbon-carbon bond formed with C60. Products containing more than three CH2 moieties were not observed. Reactions of C60Rh+ with C6H5X(X = Cl, Br, and I) yield C60Rh(C6H4)n+ (n = 1, 2), in a stepwise fashion via losses of HX. C60Rh(C6H4)2+ is unreactive with C6H5X. Again, indirect evidence for CC bond formation to C60 is obtained. Consistent with previous observations on C60Fe+ C60Co+, the Rh+–C60 bond energy is found to fall between those of Rh+–propene and Rh+–benzene, due to the alkene behavior of C60.
Saturation of spin-polarized current in nanometer scale aluminum grains

We describe measurements of spin-polarized tunnelling via discrete energy levels of single Aluminum grains. In high resistance samples ($\sim G\Omega$), the spin-polarized tunnelling current rapidly saturates as a function of the bias voltage. This indicates that spin-polarized current is carried only via the ground state and the few lowest in energy excited states of the grain. At the saturation voltage, the spin-relaxation rate $T_1^{-1}$ of the highest excited states is comparable to the electron tunnelling rate: $T_1^{-1}\approx 1.5\cdot 10^6 s^{-1}$ and $10^7s^{-1}$ in two samples. The ratio of $T_1^{-1}$ to the electron-phonon relaxation rate is in agreement with the Elliot-Yafet scaling, an evidence that spin-relaxation in Al grains is governed by the spin-orbit interaction.
Some studies on the control of respiration in rat brain mitochondrial preparations.

Abstract Brain mitochondria have been prepared by a modification of the method described by Tanaka and Abood (5c). This preparation has been shown by electron microscopy to be free of other subcellular components. The ability of low concentrations of Mg 2+ ions to decrease the state 4 rate of respiration and thus increase the respiratory control ratios has been shown. A comparison is made with brain mitochondria prepared in other laboratories, in regard to the effect of Mg 2+ ions on respiration since others have shown variable effects of Mg 2+ ions on respiration. Our preparations demonstrated very high respiratory ratios at μ m concentrations of MgCl 2 , the change being mainly in the decreased state 4 rate. The Crabtree-like effect observed in ascites tumor mitochondria has been observed in our brain mitochondrial preparations, and the role of mitochondrially bound hexokinase is discussed with respect to the possible physiologic significance of its localization in isolated brain mitochondria.
Does a physician visual assessment change triage

A prospective comparative trial was conducted to determine the effect of a physician's visual assessment of emergency patients on triage categorization and ability at triage to predict admission. The setting was a university, county, referral center and residency training site. Participants were a consecutive sample of emergency department patients presenting between the times of 0700 and 2300 hours for 5 weeks. All patients were assigned a triage category by an emergency nurse (RN) who saw the patient and by an emergency physician (EP) who had the option of performing a visual assessment. Triage categorization was compared for interobserver agreement (Kappa [kappa] statistic) and by ability to predict admission (MacNemar's test). A total of 3,949 patients was entered. The patients that physicians visually assessed were triaged by nurses as more ill (P < .001). For triage categories visualized by the EP compared with RN categorization, interobserver agreement was 59.8%, kappa = .21. For triage categories not visualized by EP compared with RN categorization, interobserver agreement was 67.9%, kappa = .45 (P < .001). Sensitivity of EPs to predict admission is as follows: all RN triage, 41.3; not seen by EP, 54.9; seen by EP, 69.3. Specificity is as follows: all RN triage, 93.7; not seen by EP, 88.5, seen by EP, 83.9. When physician visual assessment was done, agreement between physicians and nurses decreased by more than half. Physicians who included visual assessment in patient triage were less likely to agree with RN categorization. A visual assessment by the physician improved the sensitivity for predicting admission with an only small cost in specificity.
Temperature dependence of the spectral weight in undoped Mott insulators

As recent angular-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments have shown, even an insulator can exhibit a ``remnant'' Fermi surface (FS), i.e., a boundary line between mostly occupied and mostly unoccupied states in the Brillouin zone. We derive an analytic expression for the remnant FS valid to order ${(t/U)}^{2}$ for the large-$U$ limit of the single-band Hubbard model at half-filling. The shape of the remnant FS at low temperature $(T\ensuremath{\ll}J\ensuremath{\equiv}{4t}^{2}/U)$ is found to be determined by local magnetic correlations, and is largely independent of the details of the band FS. However, miraculously, at intermediate temperatures $(J\ensuremath{\ll}T\ensuremath{\ll}U),$ where magnetic correlations are weak, the location of the remnant FS coincides with the band FS.
INTRACELLULAR SYNTHESIS, TRANSPORT, AND PACKAGING OF PROTEINACEOUS YOLK IN OOCYTES OF ORCONECTES IMMUNIS

The incorporation of leucine-3H into either ovarian or oocyte proteins occurs throughout vitellogenesis, but is at a maximum during early phases of this process. The labeling of ovarian and oocyte proteins is inhibited with cycloheximide. Oocytes are permeable to actinomycin D, and this drug does not affect the incorporation of amino acids into oocyte proteins but does block oocyte RNA synthesis. By means of both light microscope and high resolution radioautography, it has been demonstrated that the initial incorporation of leucine-3H under both in vitro and in vivo conditions occurs in elements of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum in the oocyte. Under pulse-chase conditions, the label subsequently becomes associated with intracisternal (precursor yolk) granules now aggregated within the cisternae of the connected smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. By 7 days, mature yolk globules are extensively labeled. The results of experiments designed to assess the possible contribution of maternal blood proteins to yolk deposition indicate that such a contribution is minimal. It is concluded that the crayfish oocyte is programmed for and capable of synthesizing the massive store of proteinaceous yolk present in the egg at the end of oogenesis.
Effect of vascular occlusion on small-bowel intraluminal pressures in dogs.

1. Intraluminal pressure recordings were obtained in 14 mongrel dogs after either superior mesenteric arterial occlusion (in 7 animals) or superior mesenteric venous occlusion (in 7 other animals).
Efficient in-place sorting algorithms using feasible parallel machine models

We present a simple and general parallel sorting scheme, ZZ-sort, which can be used to derive a class of efficient in-place sorting algorithms on realistic parallel machine models. We prove a tight bound for the worst case performance of ZZ-sort. We also demonstrate the average performance of ZZ-sort by experimental results obtained on a MasPar parallel computer. Our experiments indicate that ZZ-sort can be incorporated into a distributed memory parallel computer system as a standard routine, and this routine is useful for space critical situations. Finally, we show that ZZ-sort can be used to convert a non-adaptive parallel sorting algorithm into an in-place and adaptive one by considering the problem of sorting an arbitrarily large input on fixed-size reconfigurable meshes.
Haplo-insufficiency revealed in deafwaddler mice when tested for hearing loss and ataxia.

Abstract The auditory and vestibular systems rely on the plasma membrane calcium ATPase, isoform 2 (PMCA2) to extrude calcium that enters the stereocilia during transduction. Mutations in the gene encoding this protein result in recessive sensorineural deafness and ataxia in the deafwaddler mouse. In this study, we report the identification of a new allele of deafwaddler, dfw3J. This allele contains a 4-nucleotide deletion resulting in a frame-shift and predicted truncation of PMCA2. No protein is detected in dfw3J homozygotes. To examine the dependence of auditory and vestibular function on PMCA2 activity, we compared dfw3J with another functional null allele, dfw2J, and the partial loss-of-function allele, dfw. All mice studied were in the good-hearing CBA/CaJ background. Heterozygotes of either functional null allele displayed highly significant hearing loss by auditory-evoked brainstem responses relative to controls (P 24 kHz). Ataxia was also apparent in these mice on an accelerating rotarod (P
Remixing Stereo Music with Score-Informed Source Separation

Musicians and recording engineers are often interested in manipulating and processing individual instrumental parts within an existing recording to create a remix of the recording. When individual source tracks for a stereo mixture are unavailable, remixing is typically difficult or impossible, since one cannot isolate the individual parts. We describe a method of informed source separation that uses knowledge of the written score and spatial information from an anechoic, stereo mixture to isolate individual sound sources, allowing remixing of stereo mixtures without access to the original source tracks. This method is tested on a corpus of string quartet performances, artificially created using Bach four-part chorale harmonizations and sample violin, viola and cello recordings. System performance is compared in cases where the algorithm has knowledge of the score and those in which it operates blindly. The results show that source separation performance is markedly improved when the algorithm has access to a well-aligned score.
Photoperiodic and hormonal influences on fur density and regrowth in two hamster species

Temperate and boreal mammals undergo seasonal changes in pelage that facilitate thermoregulation in winter and summer. We investigated photoperiodic influences on pelage characteristics of male Sib...
Spatial and temporal patterns of wildfires in the Mojave Desert, 1980-2004

Fire has been historically infrequent in the Mojave Desert, and its increased prevalence caused by the invasion of non-native annual grasses is a major concern for land managers there. The most dramatic changes have occurred in middle elevation shrublands dominated by creosotebush (Larrea tridentata), Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), and/or blackbrush (Coleogyne ramossissima), where most of the fires occurred between 1980 and 2004. This zone is more susceptible than other areas of the Mojave Desert to increased fire size following years of high rainfall. Increases in fire size are likely related to the flush of non-native annual grasses, Bromus rubens in particular, that produces continuous fuelbeds following years of high rainfall. This dynamic also has occurred to some degree at lower elevations, but the background cover of native perennial fuels there is already very low, muting the effects of the ephemeral fuels. At elevations above the middle elevation shrublands, fire size does not vary with rainfall, indicating that native woody fuels dictate fire regimes. These results suggest that an invasive plant/fire regime cycle is currently establishing in the middle and possibly the low elevation shrublands of the Mojave Desert, but not at higher elevations.
Transient growth for streak-streamwise vortex interactions

We analyze transient growth due to the linear interaction between streaks and streamwise vortices. We obtain initial perturbations which give optimal initial and total energy growth, characterize the dependence of the dynamics on the initial distribution of perturbation energy, and compare with results from pseudospectra analysis.
Role of Oral Anticoagulants in Patients After an Acute Coronary Syndrome

After an acute coronary syndrome, patients continue to be at risk of adverse cardiovascular events despite treatment with the current standard of antithrombotic therapy. The risk may be in part secondary to thrombin, which remains elevated after an acute coronary syndrome event. Several studies have investigated the utility of adding oral anticoagulation to post-acute coronary syndrome medical regimens, with the most promising results coming from the addition of low-dose oral direct anticoagulants. Focusing on optimal dosing strategies and applying therapies to the appropriate populations provide the ability to maximize benefit and minimize risk.
Modeling of hand-held receiving antennas in the presence of a human head

The topic of deleterious health effects, caused by the interaction of electromagnetic waves with a biological object, has been the subject of extensive studies by a number of researchers in recent years. It has been found that there is a substantial amount of EM-coupling from the antenna to the human body, when the latter is allowed to make direct contact with the ground. Furthermore, the RF power absorbed by the human body has been found to be maximum when its height is nearly equal to the resonant length, which occurs when the frequency is on the order of 90 MHz. The objective of this paper is to carry out a study of antenna interaction with a human head for frequencies in the vicinity of 1 GHz, which corresponds to the GSM (pan-European mobile telephone system) band. No absorption peaks caused by resonance effects are expected to occur at these high frequencies. Furthermore, for radiated power levels less than 6 W, there are no indications of thermal risk when operating a hand-held portable telephone at 450 MHz and 900 MHz. None the less, modifications of other attributes of the antenna, viz., the input impedance, the radiation pattern and the gain, can be significant in the GSM band.
Short Lesson Plan Associated with Increased Acceptance of Evolutionary Theory and Potential Change in Three Alternate Conceptions of Macroevolution in Undergraduate Students

Undergraduates commonly harbor alternate conceptions about evolutionary biology; these alternate conceptions often persist, even after intensive instruction, and may influence acceptance of evolution. We interviewed undergraduates to explore their alternate conceptions about macroevolutionary patterns and designed a 2-h lesson plan to present evidence that life has evolved. We identified three alternate conceptions during our interviews: that newly derived traits would be more widespread in extant species than would be ancestral traits, that evolution proceeds solely by anagenesis, and that lineages must become more complex over time. We also attempted to measure changes in the alternate conceptions and levels of acceptance of evolutionary theory in biology majors and nonmajors after exposure to the lesson plan. The instrument used to assess understanding had flaws, but our results are suggestive of mixed effects: we found a reduction in the first alternate conception, no change in the second, and reinforcement of the third. We found a small, but significant, increase in undergraduate acceptance of evolutionary theory in two trials of the lesson plan (Cohen's d effect sizes of 0.51 and 0.19). These mixed results offer guidance on how to improve the lesson and show the potential of instructional approaches for influencing acceptance of evolution.
Comparing adaptation of constrained and unconstrained movements in three dimensions

This paper describes targeted reaching experiments conducted using a new augmented reality system. Combining a large-workspace immersive virtual environment with physical force feedback, the system distorted subjects' movements using a viscous curl force field. Following previous experiments using a different robot, half the subjects were constrained to horizontal, planar movements. The remaining subjects performed unconstrained movements throughout the 3D workspace. Examining after-effects as an indication of learning, we found that constrained subjects learned the force field. However, it was difficult to detect whether the unconstrained subjects learned forces of identical magnitude. Our results found that force fields strengths eliciting constrained 2D adaptation have difficulty exhibiting after-effects for unconstrained 3D movements. The increased motor variability for 3D reaching movements requires consideration for future experimental design.