cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Face emotion perception and executive functioning deficits in depression

Frontal, limbic and temporal regions of the brain important in emotion perception and executive functioning also have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of depression; yet, the relationships among these topics remain poorly understood. The present study evaluated emotion perception and executive functioning among 21 depressed women and 20 nondepressed women controls. Depressed women performed significantly worse than controls in emotion perception accuracy and in inhibitory control, an aspect of executive functioning, whereas the groups did not differ in other cognitive tests assessing memory, visual-spatial, motor, and attention skills. The findings suggest that emotion perception and executive functioning are disproportionately negatively affected relative to other cognitive functions, even in a high-functioning group of mildly depressed women. Measures of emotion perception and executive functioning may be of assistance in objectively measuring functional capability of the ventral and dorsal neural systems, respectively, as well as in the diagnosis of depression.
Dynamics of picosecond-laser-pulse plasmas determined from the spectral shifts of reflected probe pulses

The evolution of density profiles in plasmas produced by 10{sup 14}-W cm{sup {minus}2}, 1-ps, 580-nm-wavelength laser pulses has been determined from spectral shifts imposed on a reflected picosecond probe pulse. The shifts are caused by two mechanisms: hydrodynamic expansion and ionization front motion. Both time-resolved expansion velocities and ionization rates are inferred from the spectral shifts and are compared to one-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations.
Team acceptance of specific recommendations for the treatment of VPI as provided by speech pathologists.

Abstract This retrospective study describes the frequency of one team's acceptance of speech pathologists' recommendations for specific secondary treatment procedures for the correction of VPI for 100 consecutive patients. In addition, assessment was made of the level of success in eliminating VPI relative to treatments utilized that were recommended by speech pathologists versus level of success when treatment other than that recommended by speech pathologists were used. For the 78 patients who received the treatment procedure recommended by speech pathologists, only 10 percent continued to demonstrate any clinically significant residual speech problem associated with VPI. However, for the 22 patients who received treatment other than that which had been recommended, 32 percent continued to demonstrate clinically significant speech problems associated with VPI. Data is presented on the success rate for correcting VPI relative to specific treatment recommendations including pharyngeal flap, palatal pushba...
Renal sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibition in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hyperglycemia is the primary factor responsible for the microvascular, and to a lesser extent macrovascular, complications of diabetes. Despite this well-established relationship, approximately half of all type 2 diabetic patients in the US have a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥7.0%. This is associated in part with the side effects, i.e., weight gain and hypoglycemia, of currently available antidiabetic agents and in part with the failure to utilize medications that reverse the basic pathophysiological defects present in patients with type 2 diabetes. The kidney has been shown to play a central role in the development of hyperglycemia by excessive production of glucose throughout the sleeping hours and enhanced reabsorption of filtered glucose by the renal tubules secondary to an increase in the threshold at which glucose spills into the urine. Recently, a new class of antidiabetic agents, the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, has been developed and approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. In this review, we examine their mechanism of action, efficacy, safety, and place in the therapeutic armamentarium. Since the SGLT2 inhibitors have a unique mode of action that differs from all other oral and injectable antidiabetic agents, they can be used at all stages of the disease and in combination with all other antidiabetic medications.
Overview of Clinical Trials of Periodontal Diagnosis Methods and Devices

Abstract Changing views of the pathogenesis and progression of the periodontal diseases and new modalities for treatment have stimulated a plethora of physical, biochemical, microbiologic, and Immunologie diagnostic procedures, tests, and devices. Clinical trials address needs for: 1) screening tests and risk assessment for disease susceptibility; 2) identification of active and progressive disease sites; 3) making therapeutic decisions; 4) monitoring therapy; 5) establishing a maintenance schedule; and 6) prognosis assessment. Needs and priorities of general, specialty, and public health practitioners differ. Validation of tests proceeds in a hierarchy of study designs from cross sectional and case control studies to retrospective and prospective longitudinal multi-center trials. For broad-scale application, randomized controlled trials (and eventual meta-analysis) will be required. Design issues are those common to all clinical trials in periodontics plus special considerations depending on type of test...
Solvent-mediated vibrational energy relaxation from Vaska's complex adducts in binary solvent mixtures.

A vibrational pump–probe and FTIR study was performed on two different adducts of Vaska’s complex in two different sets of binary solvent mixtures. The carbonyl vibrational mode in the oxygen adduct exhibits solvatochromic shifts of ∼10 cm–1 in either benzyl alcohol or chloroform relative to benzene-d6, whereas this vibration is nearly unchanged for the iodine adduct for the same three solvents. The width and center frequency of the carbonyl stretch for each adduct are compared to its vibrational lifetime in binary mixtures of benzene-d6 with either benzyl alcohol or chloroform. In neat solvents, the trends in line width, frequency, and vibrational lifetime are consistent for the two adducts, but complex relationships emerge when the trends in each property are compared as a function of mixed solvent composition. νCO is more sensitive to the solvation environment around the trans ligand, whereas the line width and lifetime depend on the environment around the CO group itself. The carbonyl frequency and wi...
Sheep Grazing Enhances Coarse Relative to Microbial Organic Carbon in Dryland Cropping Systems

Sheep (Ovis aries L.) grazing, a cost-effective method of weed control compared with herbicide application and tillage, may influence soil C fractions by consuming crop residue and weeds and returning C through feces and urine to the soil. We examined the effect of three weed management practices (sheep grazing, herbicide application, and tillage) and two cropping sequences (continuous spring wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] [CSW] and spring wheat-pea [Pisum sativum L.]/barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] mixture hay-fallow [W-P/B-F]) on soil microbial biomass C (MBC), potential C mineralization (PCM), and particulate organic C (POC) in relation to soil organic C (SOC) at the 0- to 30-cm depth from 2009 to 2011 in southwestern Montana. The MBC at 0 to 5 cm was greater with tillage on CSW than tillage on W-P/B-F in 2009 and 2011, but was greater with herbicide application on CSW than tillage on CSW in 2010. The POC at 0 to 5 cm and 15 to 30 cm was greater with sheep grazing than herbicide application on CSW and W-P/B-F, but at 5 to 15 cm was greater with grazing on CSW. The MBC, PCM, and POC at all depths decreased from 2009 to 2011. Crop residue incorporation into the soil increased MBC with tillage on CSW. Lower proportions of labile than nonlabile organic matter through feces and urine probably reduced MBC at the soil surface, but increased POC with sheep grazing compared with herbicide application on CSW and W-P/B-F. Sheep grazing may increase coarse soil organic matter compared with microbial biomass in dryland cropping systems.
Development of a GIS-Based Stormwater Quality Management Planning Tool

Increased federal regulation of stormwater runoff in recent years has concomitantly increased the interest of engineers, planners, and municipal officials towards the effective planning and design of stormwater management programs. Given the increased attention to stormwater management, the demand for technical tools to solve problems efficiently has arisen. To meet the demand for planning tools that can take advantage of spatial data, a Visual Basic for Applications tool for u se within the ArcGIS 8.x geographic information system (GIS) software package has been created. The GIS tool offers a construction site erosion and sediment control module and a post-construction stormwater management module to aid the development of best management practice (BMP) plans. Within the GIS environment, BMPs can be placed on a site map and the automatic processing can be activated to determine the cost and pollutant removal performance of the BMP plan given spatial data describing site topography, land use/cover, and soil type. Site specific BMP performance and cost information can be input or a database of national cost and performance data can be used by default. BMP plans can be revised and the relative cost and performance of alternative plans determined and compared. The construction site erosion and sediment control module implements an erosion prediction algorithm based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The post-construction stormwater management module implements Curve Number hydrology for long-term runoff volume prediction, as well as Event Mean Concentration associated with land use for pollutant load prediction. Monte Carlo water quality simulation and a BMP optimization routine are also being developed for later implementation.
Perception of Z-7-dodecen-1-ol and Modification of the Sex Pheromone Response of Male Loopers

Z -7-dodecen-1-ol prevents males of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) from orienting to a locus of the evaporating sex pheromone, Z -7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. Pheromone perception is not blocked by the inhibitor in that males exhibit excited upwind flight and clasper extension when exposed to pheromone plus inhibitor and preexposure to the inhibitor does not cause fatigue (habituation) of the male pheromone response. We conclude that the inhibitor is most probably perceived via a sensory neuron separate from that for the pheromone and modification of the pheromone response occurs via a more central integrative process.
CHANNEL SHOALING PREDICTION: A METHOD AND APPLICATION

Due to concerns of possible shoaling problems, an extensive field survey program was carried out at the site of the proposed Cerrejon coal port on the Caribbean coast of northeast Colombia. The program yielded considerable data on winds, waves, currents, and sediment factors. Techniques for the primary measurement of sedimentation-related tendency included dredged test pits, scour crosses, and suspended sediment samplers. The port plan includes dredging a 4.6 kilometer long channel varying from 12 to 21 meters in depth. In order to assess the magnitude of maintenance dredging and related problems, a method was developed for incorporating the sediment response measurements into predictions of the areal and seasonal distributions of bed load and suspended sediment deposition. Offshore test pits were monitored for rate of filling and character of the material being deposited. Suspended sediment samplers were similarly observed and also provided data on concentration versus depth. The procedure which was developed for analysis and interpretation of the data included extrapolation of suspended sediment data to the seabed, investigation of correlations between wind activity and deposition rates, application of test pit data to a channel of larger dimensions, and testing of hypotheses regarding transport mechanisms. The procedure concluded that average annual shoaling would be approximately 300,000 m and predicted areal and seasonal variation of deposition rates.
The Scientific Basis for a Behavioral Approach to Pediatrics

Since 1975, behavioral science solutions for important problems of pediatric practice have been well established. Analysis of current research trends in behavioral science indicates that this interdisciplinary collaboration is likely to expand greatly in three areas: the use of behavioral procedures to remediate routine behavior and developmental problems; the analysis of the medical setting and its effect on children; and the direct modification of biological conditions by behavioral means.
Concepts and Categories

Publisher Summary Research on concepts and categories is progressing rapidly in many directions. Given the great amount of work in the field, any review of concepts and categories has to select from many issues, areas, and results. This chapter explains the distinction between classification and other uses of concepts. A consideration of intelligent behavior requires a better understanding of classification and also of how the classification might be used. Although much of the work has focused on classification, there is a trend toward examining other functions of concepts. In addition, this distinction forces one to consider if and how the knowledge underlying classification might be related to the knowledge used for the other functions. In problem solving, categories play an increasingly important role. Many researchers believe that good problem solving requires people to develop problem categories and associated procedures for identifying problems of that type.
Marketing Computer Technology in Less Developed Countries

One area of research in transferring computer technology that is commanding increased attention due to its urgent nature is the marked potential in Less Developed Countries (LDC’s). Computer technology can be successfully transferred from industrialized nations to LDC’s. Successful implementation and adaptation will allow them to enter the information age and enhance their state of development.
Cardiac Pacemaker EMC in Perspective

The susceptibility of cardiac pacemakers to electromagnetic interference has been investigated by physicians and engineers. Questions in a number of areas should be addressed to gain a broader perspective. The clinical significance of interference susceptibility, the responses of pacemakers to interference, and test methods are a few of the more important areas. A panel including a member of the medical profession, and several engineers who have engaged in pacemaker testing will address questions in these areas.
Statistical Power and Performance Modeling for Optimizing the Energy Efficiency of Scientific Computing

High-performance computing (HPC) has become an indispensable resource in science and engineering, and it has oftentimes been referred to as the "thirdpillar" of science, along with theory and experimentation. Performance tuning is a key aspect in utilizing HPC resources to the fullest extent. However, recent exascale studies suggest that power and energy consumption will be a major impediment to HPC in this coming decade. Therefore, performance tuning should evolve and take energy consumption into account. Unfortunately, the increase in system complexity and the number of tunable parameters in applications makes the performance tuning of an application cumbersome. To address these issues, we propose energy-efficient tuning via statistical regression techniques. Such techniques can be used to model the power and performance of a scientific application, and then the application parameters can be tuned to achieve the best energy efficiency possible, based on metrics such as the performance-to-power ratio. In this paper, we utilize multi-variable regression to model the power and performance of the high-performance LINPACK (HPL) benchmark. We then tune the HPL parameters for energy efficiency and compare them to the energy efficiency achieved at maximum possible performance(Rmax ). Our results show that statistical regression modeling can be used for predicting the HPL configuration for achieving the maximum energy efficiency with very high accuracy.
Tumor margin assessment in Mohs surgery using reflectance, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy

Mohs surgery is the current gold standard to treat large, aggressive or high-risk non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) cases. While Mohs surgery is an effective treatment, the procedure is time-consuming and expensive for physicians as well as burdensome for patients as they wait for frozen section histology. Our group has recently demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy using a noninvasive “spectral biopsy” (combination of diffuse reflectance (DRS), fluorescence (FS) and Raman spectroscopy (RS)) to classify NMSC vs. normal lesion in a screening setting of intact tissue. Here, we examine the sensitivity of spectral biopsy to pathology in excised Mohs sections. The system is designed with three modalities integrated into one fiber probe, which is utilized to measure DRS, FS, and RS of freshly excised skin from patients with various NMSC pathologies including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), where each measurement location is correlated to histopathology. The spectral biopsy provides complimentary physiological information including the reduced scattering coefficient, hemoglobin content and oxygen saturation from DRS, NADH and collagen contribution from FS and information regarding multiple proteins and lipids from RS. We then apply logistic regression model to the extracted physiological parameters to classify NMSC vs. normal tissue. The results on the excised tissue are generally consistent with in vivo measurements showing decreased scattering within the tumor and reduced fluorescence. Due to the high sensitivity of RS to lipids, subcutaneous fat often dominates the RS signal. This pilot study demonstrates the potential for a spectral biopsy to classify NMSC vs. normal tissue, indicating the opportunity to guide Mohs excisions.
Sexual Orientation and College Students' Reasons for Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs.

ABSTRACTBackground: Nonmedical use of prescription pain medications, sedatives, and stimulants is a well-documented problem among college students. Research has indicated that students who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual are at elevated risk. However, little is known about students’ reasons for use. Objectives: (1) To replicate findings that sexual minority students report higher nonmedical use than heterosexual students, moving from a campus-specific to a multicampus sample and (2) to test for an association between sexual orientation and reasons for use. Methods: The 2015 College Prescription Drug Study surveyed 3389 students from nine 4-year public and private colleges and universities across the United States using an anonymous online survey. Measures assessed demographic information, prevalence of nonmedical use, frequency of use, where the drugs were obtained, reasons for use, and consequences of use. Stepwise logistic regression models were used to determine if sexual orientation predicted us...
Modeling and monitoring of nonlinear multi-mode processes based on similarity measure-KPCA

A new modeling and monitoring approach for multi-mode processes is proposed. The method of similarity measure(SM) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) are integrated to construct SM-KPCA monitoring scheme, where SM method serves as the separation of common subspace and specific subspace. Compared with the traditional methods, the main contributions of this work are: 1) SM consisted of two measures of distance and angle to accommodate process characters. The different monitoring effect involves putting on the different weight, which would simplify the monitoring model structure and enhance its reliability and robustness. 2) The proposed method can be used to find faults by the common space and judge which mode the fault belongs to by the specific subspace. Results of algorithm analysis and fault detection experiments indicate the validity and practicability of the presented method.
Ascending Mt. Everest through soaring flight

Mt. Everest has been climbed from all major approaches but one: an ascent from near it base to it summit in a sailplane using the rising air expected to flow over the massif. The diplomatic, logistical, aircraft and meteorological requirements for such a flight appear achievable. The required meteorological conditions are a deep, dry, moderately-strong, stably-stratified airflow from the southwest over the massif. A flight track is estimated through graphical analyses of expected hill-lift between Namche Bazar, Nepal, and the Everest summit 28 km to the NE. The flight analyses indicate that a soaring ascent may be possible. However, like any of the previous climbing ascents of Everest, the actual ffight may be a series of climbs and retreats. Accumulated skills and knowledge plus a measure of luck should lead to a successful flight.
United or Untied: On Confronting Presidential Criminality in the Savage Wars of Peace

Hypothetical One: On her first day in office, invoking national security or some presidential power, a sitting president orders illegal surveillance of an American citizen in the United States based on information that came from torture ordered by that president and that same president orders a drone strike that kills that American citizen and another 100 American citizens and residents because the president hated that American citizen and did not care about anyone else in the line of her fire. That sitting president that same week goes on to cover up her actions in a manner that might be viewed as obstruction of justice. Hypothetical Two: On his first day in office, invoking national security or some presidential power, a sitting president is caught selling crack cocaine out of the Oval Office of the White House and using the presidential limousine to travel to the nearby city of Silver Spring, Maryland to distribute it and stash the money he makes from these sales. In either of those cases, in the absence of impeachment, removal pursuant to the 25th Amendment, or resignation, does the Constitution really require us to wait the four (and if re-elected eight) years a sitting president is in office before federal or state criminal prosecution? The current conventional wisdom appears to be that a sitting president cannot be criminally prosecuted in United States domestic courts. The argument of this essay is that the authors of that conventional wisdom are wrong as to the Constitution’s text. Moreover, the implicit arguments from domestic history, tradition, or Constitutional structure in favor of this view are certainly seductive but are derived from self-serving statements by those in or close to power. These reasonings insufficiently take into account the interests of the American people — the ordinary people far away from the centers of power yet subject to the action of a lawless president. Such implicit arguments from domestic history, tradition or Constitutional structure have a perverse result of leaving the American people for years at the mercy of a lawless and potentially profoundly destructive sitting president. These arguments leave the American people for years without the Hamiltonian people weighing in on the power rivalries, the Madisonian double protection of their rights foreseen in the Constitutional structure — a recipe for tyranny. In addition, particularly given the role of the United States in the world, this state of affairs of domestic impunity would have an impact on the international plane for years through leaving the world vulnerable to the actions of such a sitting president. In the absence of a constitutional order requiring such deference to a sitting president, the conventional wisdom would seem to be a rationalization that is both unnecessary and dangerous.
Pre-diabetes and the risk for cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of the evidence.

Objectives Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of the relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) from published prospective observational studies. Background Hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the magnitude of the RR for cardiovascular disease associated with IFG and IGT is unclear. Methods We searched PubMed from 1997 through 2008 for relevant publications and performed a meta-analysis. Results In 18 publications with information about IFG (110 to 125 mg/dl) (IFG 110), estimates of RR ranged from 0.65 to 2.50. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 1.28). In 8 publications with information about IFG (100 to 125 mg/dl) (IFG 100), estimates of RR ranged from 0.87 to 1.40. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.28). In 8 publications with information about IGT, estimates of RR ranged from 0.83 to 1.34. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.34). Five studies combined IFG and IGT, yielding a fixed-effects summary estimate of RR of 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.23). No significant difference between the summary estimates for men and women were detected (IFG 110: men: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.05 to 1.31], women: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.10 to 1.54]; IFG 100: men: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.06 to 1.42], women: 1.16 [95% CI: 0.99 to 1.36]). Conclusions Impaired fasting glucose and IGT are associated with modest increases in the risk for cardiovascular disease.
Mexican Chicago’s Colonia Hull House: Food, Tourism, and Belonging in the 1930s

Tourists and Mexicanos alike could leave the Mexican community on the Near West Side of Chicago content that la colonia hull house had met their culinary and cultural expectations. Local migrant ma...
Fitting continuous piecewise linear poisson intensities via maximum likelihood and least squares

We investigate maximum likelihood (ML) and ordinary least squares (OLS) methods to fit a continuous piecewise linear (PL) intensity function for non-homogeneous Poisson processes. The estimation procedures are formulated as convex optimization problems that are highly tractable. We also study the model mis-specification issues in settings where the point process is non-Poisson or the underlying intensity is not piecewise linear. The performances of ML and OLS estimators are exhibited through a computational study, with both simulated data and real data from a large U.S. bank call center.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR THROMBUS: A COMPLICATION OF GENDER REASSIGNMENT THERAPY

Cardiovascular adverse events including thromboembolism associated with testosterone therapy, an anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS), are well established. However, an isolated cardiac thrombus has not been previously described. In an era of increasing gender reassignment, greater awareness of such
Self-aligned Fabrication of Microscale Electron Column Array using Plasmonic Enhanced Photoemission

Microcolumns are important for parallel electron-beam lithography because of their compactness. A large array of electrostatic microcolumns is numerically optimized for our recent surface plasmon enhanced photoemission sources and demonstrated using a self-aligned fabrication process.
Lariat sign: An MRI finding associated with common peroneal nerve rupture.

Abstract Traumatic knee dislocation represents a catastrophic orthopedic injury with potentially devastating vascular and neurologic injuries. We report a case of common peroneal nerve rupture sustained during a knee dislocation with novel radiographic findings that we describe as a lariat sign. At the site of rupture, the distal nerve loops back on itself forming a lasso shape or lariat. This thickened nerve's abnormal course should not be misinterpreted as a vessel.
Is This Person Real? Avatar Stylization and Its Influence on Human Perception in a Counseling Training Environment

This paper describes a pilot study planned by the Defense Equal Opportunity Employment Management Institute (DEOMI). By leveraging previous work in maturing a low-cost real-time puppeted character in a virtual environment, the team is seeking to explore the role stylization plays in how participants perceive emotions and connect with an avatar emotionally within a training atmosphere. The paper also describes future work in exploring how biases might be exposed when interacting with puppeted virtual characters.
Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling and Risk Assessment

Risk assessments are performed to estimate the conditions under which individuals or populations may be harmed by exposure to environmental or occupational chemicals. In the absence of quantitative data in humans, this process is often dependent on the use of animals and in vitro data to estimate human response. To reduce the inherent uncertainty in such extrapolations, there has been considerable interest in the development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of toxic chemicals for application in quantitative risk assessments. PBPK models are effective tools for integrating diverse dose–response and mechanistic data to more accurately predict human risk. Yet for these models to be useful and trustworthy in performing the necessary extrapolations (species, doses, and exposure scenarios), they must be thoughtfully constructed in accordance with known biology and pharmacokinetics, documented in a form that is transparent to risk assessors, and shown to be robust using diverse and appropriate data. This article describes the fundamentals of PBPK model development and the application of these models in risk assessment.
Go Ahead and Google. Then Do a Subject-Based Search

Here are five ways to use this necessary companion to Google-like searching and be more confident that you've scoured the research landscape.
The impact of surface projection on military tactics comprehension

ABSTRACTThis experiment assessed how displaying information onto different surfaces (flat vs. raised) influenced the performance, workload, and engagement of cadets answering questions on military tactics. Sixty-two cadets in a within-subjects design each answered 24 tactics-related questions across 2 conditions (12 on flat, 12 on raised) which were measured by accuracy and time on task. After each set of 12 questions, the cadets took postsurveys assessing engagement, measured by a modified User Engagement Scale and the System Usability Scale, and workload measured by the NASA-TLX. Findings indicated that raised terrain surface led to reduced workload and increased engagement and time on task as compared to the flat terrain surface. A practice effect drove performance metrics (time on task and accuracy), where the learner performed better on the second surface type displayed. This research contributes to expanding the literature base that supports alternative display methods to increase engagement and aug...
Developmental Premorbid Body Mass Index Trajectories of Adolescents With Eating Disorders in a Longitudinal Population Cohort.

Objective To examine whether childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories are prospectively associated with later eating disorder (ED) diagnoses. Method Using a subsample from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 1,502), random-coefficient growth models were used to compare premorbid BMI trajectories of individuals who later developed anorexia nervosa (n = 243), bulimia nervosa (n = 69), binge-eating disorder (n = 114), and purging disorder (n = 133) and a control group without EDs or ED symptoms (n = 966). BMI was tracked longitudinally from birth to 12.5 years of age and EDs were assessed at 14, 16, and 18 years of age. Results Distinct developmental trajectories emerged for EDs at a young age. The average growth trajectory for individuals with later anorexia nervosa veered significantly below that of the control group before 4 years of age for girls and 2 years for boys. BMI trajectories were higher than the control trajectory for all other ED groups. Specifically, the mean bulimia nervosa trajectory veered significantly above that of controls at 2 years for girls, but boys with later bulimia nervosa did not exhibit higher BMIs. The mean binge-eating disorder and purging disorder trajectories significantly diverged from the control trajectory at no older than 6 years for girls and boys. Conclusion Premorbid metabolic factors and weight could be relevant to the etiology of ED. In anorexia nervosa, premorbid low weight could represent a key biological risk factor or early manifestation of an emerging disease process. Observing children whose BMI trajectories persistently and significantly deviate from age norms for signs and symptoms of ED could assist the identification of high-risk individuals.
The micro elasticity of substitution and non‐neutral technology

This article provides evidence on the micro capital‐labor elasticity of substitution and the bias of technology. Using data on US manufacturing plants, I find several facts inconsistent with a Cobb‐Douglas production function, including large, persistent variation in capital shares. I then estimate the elasticity using variation in local wages, and several instruments for them, for identification. Estimates of the substitution elasticity using all plants range between 0.3 and 0.5, with similar estimates across industries. I use these elasticity estimates to measure labor augmenting productivity, and find that labor augmenting productivity is highly persistent, and correlated with exports, size, and growth.
A Dynamic Contact Problem of Torsion that Reduces to the Singular Integral Equation with Two Fixed Singularities

An elastic cylinder of finite length, one of the ends of which is perfectly coupled to the surface of the elastic half-space is considered. A round rigid plate of the same radius is coupled to the other end of the cylinder, and is loaded the torsion moment that is harmonic depend of time. The surface of the half-space outside the contact area with the cylinder and the side surface of the cylinder are been unload. The formulated boundary problem is reduced to a singular integral equation for a function related to stresses in the contact area of the cylinder and half-space. Since the kernel of this integral equation contains fixed singularities, a numerical method for solving this equation the is main result. After solving the integral equation, approximate formulas for calculating the contact stresses .
Differences between Breast Cancer Reconstruction and Institutionally Established Normative Data Using the BREAST-Q Reconstruction Module: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND Evidence is limited for BREAST-Q scores in women without breast cancer or breast surgery to establish baseline values for clinical interpretation. The primary aim of this study was to compare differences in breast satisfaction and quality of life in women without breast cancer and without breast surgery to patients undergoing breast reconstruction using the BREAST-Q. METHODS The authors performed a single-center, patient-reported outcomes comparative study. A sample of 300 women attending gynecology appointments completed a study-specific demographics form and preoperative BREAST-Q reconstruction module. Eligible women had no history of breast cancer or breast surgery and were not currently pregnant (control group). The authors compared prospectively collected control group data to demographics and preoperative and 12-month postoperative BREAST-Q scores in 300 breast reconstruction patients, retrospectively selected from a prospectively collected registry. RESULTS Control group BREAST-Q scores were higher in Satisfaction with Breasts (mean, 59.3 versus 55.3; p < 0.042) and Physical Well-being Chest scores (mean, 84.1 versus 78.8; p < 0.001), and lower for Physical Well-being Abdomen scores (mean, 81.9 versus 88.7; p < 0.001) when compared to breast reconstruction patients' preoperative scores. When compared with breast reconstruction patients' 12-month postoperative scores, control group scores were lower in Satisfaction with Breasts (mean, 59.3 versus 65.5; p < 0.002) and Psychosocial Well-being (mean, 69.5 versus 76.2; p < 0.001) and higher in Physical Well-being Chest (mean, 84.1 versus 78.2; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The authors found differences in preoperative and 12-month postoperative BREAST-Q scores between breast reconstruction patients and a comparable control population. Establishing normative BREAST-Q data could serve as an important baseline for breast outcomes research and better understanding of patients' ability to recover quality of life following reconstruction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, II.
Full-system parametric extrema model for satellite wind scatterometry

The current global ocean vector wind dataset is refreshed 2-3 times per day, making it difficult to observe the planetary boundary layer on hourly timescales across hundreds of kilometers. A constellation of many satellite scatterometers could measure global, hourly winds, but current scatterometers are too costly for high-quantity deployment. To rapidly search for low-cost designs, we have developed a full-system, parametric extrema model for satellite wind scatterometer constellations. The model predicts ranges of performance for metrics covering backscatter measurement, wind retrieval, spatial resolution, refresh rate, satellite power, temperature, data flow, and cost. We evaluate the model quality by comparing its predicted performance to the actual performance of several extant scatterometers. The model performs well on most performance metrics, but further work is required to refine the normalized standard deviation model to account for pulse compression.
American While Black: African Americans, Immigration, and the Limits of Citizenship: by Niambi Michele Carter, New York, Oxford University Press, 2019, 278 pp., $25.00 (paperback), ISBN: 9780190053543

Niambi Michele Carter’s American While Black discusses how racially constructed democracy in America uses the issue of immigration as another tool of oppression that denies Blacks in America full c...
Does Extended Producer Responsibility Improve Eco-Innovation: An Empirical Study of Product Take-Back Programs

Problem Definition: Extended producer responsibility (EPR) is an important policy instrument to address environmental risks in solid waste disposal. Whether EPR incentivizes a producer's eco-innovation is an ongoing debate among operations researchers and policymakers. Our research builds on a quasi-experiment design and explores the causal relationship between EPR and eco-innovation. Relevance: Most of the prior EPR studies are built on analytical models. Our research adds to this field by providing a first empirical evidence to show EPR effectiveness in promoting innovation. Methodology: Using firm-level take-back program as an important initiative of EPR and eco-patent as a proxy of eco-innovation, we leverage a difference-in-differences approach with propensity score matching and staggered treatment adjustment to identify the causal relationship between EPR and eco-innovation. Results: We find that adopting take-back programs significantly motivates producers to develop eco-innovation. We also find that producers' program scales and industries play significant roles in the take-back effect. Managerial Implications: Our research provides implications for both producers and policymakers. A growing number of states in the United States have set a goal to eliminate landfill/incineration for product end-of-life treatment, and eco-innovation is essential to achieve this goal. Our findings suggest that policymakers may promote individual take-back programs to incentivize eco-innovation. While taking on a new role in a take-back initiative is challenging, producers that eco-innovate may enhance their competitive advantage in the long run by reducing environmental risks, optimizing production and recycling processes, and satisfying the increasing customer demand in green products and services.
Diffusing innovation in times of disasters: considerations for event management professionals

The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed the world, with confirmed infections threatening the health and lives of millions. Consequently, many hospitality and tourism organizations ceased operations t...
Delayed video-feedback and pyramidal training is a promising approach to teach incidental teaching to paraprofessionals in low-resource countries, but it may not be sufficient to increase child mands

Q 1) Do paraprofessionals receiving training via delayed video-feedback from a bilingual coach in the receiving country (who is trained by a trainer in the host country) improve implementation fide...
RERE deficiency causes retinal and optic nerve atrophy through degeneration of retinal cells

Background The arginine-glutamic acid dipeptide repeats gene (RERE) encodes a nuclear receptor coregulator that modulates gene expression through its interaction with transcriptional machinery. In humans, RERE deficiency causes neurodevelopmental disorder with or without structural defects of the brain, eye, heart, and kidney (NEDBEH). Ophthalmological defects are seen in approximately one third of individuals with NEDBEH and in RERE-deficient mice which can serve as a useful animal model. Results In mice, RERE is expressed in a subset of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), the lens epithelium, and the ciliary body during the embryonic period. RERE expression expands into the outer nuclear layer and the inner nuclear layer during the postnatal period. RERE-deficient mice have retinal and optic nerve atrophy. We show that RERE deficiency causes progressive loss of retinal cells and apoptosis of retinal cells in the ganglion cell layer as early as E17.5. The number of RGCs is also reduced in RERE-deficient embryos and mice. Conclusions We conclude that RERE is required to control the apoptosis of retinal cells in the developing retina, and that RERE deficiency results in the retina atrophy through degeneration of the retinal cells and optic nerve atrophy through the loss of RGCs.
Optimal Spacecraft Guidance with Asynchronous Measurements and Noisy Impulsive Controls**This work was supported by a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship.

We develop an optimal guidance law to steer a stochastic system to a final state while minimizing mean squared deviation from a target state. We assume the controller receives noiseless, full-state measurements at discrete times and the control is composed of impulsive inputs with one or many sources of control-linear noise. Measurement and control events are scheduled a priori, yet they are not necessarily synchronous. In addition, this paper presents the following innovations to our previous work: extension to time-varying systems, inclusion of additive noise in the system dynamics, accommodation of arbitrarily many control-linear noise sources, and application as a neighboring guidance algorithm about a nonlinear trajectory. We provide a complete solution to this new optimization problem, presented as a main theorem, and prove that the optimal control remains linear in the initial state, the target state, and the sampled measurements. We formalize an optimal guidance algorithm to compute the state feedback gains before flight. The algorithm is demonstrated for guidance about a spacecraft trajectory, and its performance is analyzed numerically for different measurement and control schedules.
Genotype-dependent contribution of CBF transcription factors to long-term acclimation to high light and cool temperature.

When grown under cool temperature, winter annuals upregulate photosynthetic capacity as well as freezing tolerance. Here, the role of three cold-induced C-repeat-Binding Factor (CBF1-3) transcription factors in photosynthetic upregulation and freezing tolerance was examined in two Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes originating from Italy (IT) or Sweden (SW), and their corresponding CBF1-3-deficient mutant lines it:cbf123 and sw:cbf123. Photosynthetic, morphological, and freezing-tolerance phenotypes as well as gene expression profiles were characterized in plants grown from seedling stage under different combinations of light level and temperature. Under high light and cool growth temperature (HLC), a greater role of CBF1-3 in IT versus SW was evident from both phenotypic and transcriptomic data, especially with respect to photosynthetic upregulation and freezing tolerance of whole plants. Overall, features of SW were consistent with a different approach to HLC acclimation than seen in IT, and an ability of SW to reach the new homeostasis through involvement of transcriptional controls other than CBF1-3. These results provide tools and direction for further mechanistic analysis of the transcriptional control of approaches to cold acclimation suitable for either persistence through brief cold spells or for maximization of productivity in environments with continuous low temperatures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Tom Eagleton and the “Curse to Our Constitution”

If my friend Tom Eagleton had lived a few more months, I’m sure he would have been amazed—and amused in a Tom Eagleton sort of way—by the astonishing story of Alberto Gonzales’s late night visit to John Ashcroft’s hospital bed in 2004 to persuade the then Attorney General to reauthorize the President’s warrantless wiretapping program. No vignette better encapsulates President George W. Bush’s perversion of the rule of law. Not since the Saturday Night Massacre during Watergate has there been a moment when a President’s insistence on having his way resulted in such chaos at the upper reaches of the Justice Department. James Comey, the Deputy Attorney General and a loyal Republican, told Congress in May 2007 how he raced to George Washington Hospital with “sirens blaring” to beat Gonzales to Ashcroft’s room. Comey had telephoned FBI Director Robert S. Mueller to ask that he too come to the hospital to back up the Justice Department’s view that the President’s still secret program should not be reauthorized as it then operated; Ashcroft, Comey, and Mueller held firm in the face of intense pressure from White House Counsel Gonzales and Chief of Staff Andrew Card. Before the episode was over, the three were on the verge of tendering their resignations if the White House ignored their objections; the
Inhibition of sham feeding by hyperosmotic gastric infusions in rat

In rats with esophagestomy and gastric cannulas, oral and postingestive events that accom- pany feeding can be varied independently. In food-deprived but not water-deprived rats, infusion of hypertonic NaCl concurrent with glucose sham feeding rapidly inhibited feeding, relative to isotonic NaCl, and was about as effective as i.g. glucose itself in bringing the ingestive bout to an end. This equivalence held over a range of glucose concentrations, or a complex liquid diet, when these were offered for oral ingestion. The inhibition was not accompanied by responsive- ness to water. These findings extend earlier ones with water-deprived rats and show that osmotic factors can inhibit feeding without evoking thirst.