cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of rope color, size and fray on environmental enrichment device interaction in male and female Orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).

Abstract Environmental enrichment devices (EDs; a.k.a. cage “toys”) are often provided to captive parrots to mitigate the austerity of their environments, but the basis of attraction to EDs by parrots is poorly understood and many EDs go un-used. Preferences of Orange-winged Amazon parrots ( Amazona amazonica ) for various properties of sisal rope were tested by suspending rope EDs from computer-monitored switches attached to cage ceilings, two ED-switches per cage. Separate experiments examined preference for rope fray, length, diameter, and color, as operationalized by switch closures elicited by each ED when EDs of varying parameter quality were offered on either side of the cage. Bradley–Terry analysis contrasting woven vs. frayed rope found that both female and male parrots preferred wound (i.e., non-frayed) over frayed rope, though the extent of the difference was substantially greater for females than males (Cohen's d = 0.86 vs. 0.10, respectively). In contrasts of different rope lengths (6, 16, 26 and 36 cm), females preferred longer over shorter rope in four of six contrasts ( d = 0.45–0.90), while males preferred shorter over longer rope in four of six contrasts ( d = 0.25–0.72). Similarly, in contrasts of three rope diameters (12, 26 and 38 mm), female parrots preferred 38 mm over 26 mm diameter rope ( d = 0.20; other diameter contrasts were not significant), while in all contrasts males consistently preferred smaller over larger rope diameters ( d = 0.20–0.44). Both male and female parrots preferred red rope over green ( d = 0.92, 1.21, respectively) or yellow ( d = 1.23, 1.04, respectively); females additionally favored red rope over brown ( d = 1.34); males additionally preferred brown over both green ( d = 0.87) and yellow ropes ( d = 1.78). Overall, male parrots interacted much more extensively with rope EDs than did female parrots ( t = −3.431, P = 0.006; Cohen's d = −2.11). These results show that Orange-winged Amazon parrots have sex-specific preferences for rope length, diameter and color and that males interact more with EDs more than do females. These results provide the basis for developing EDs that are more likely to engage bird behavior and therefore be more effective in mitigating the austerity of cage environments.
Two Heteromeric Kinesin Complexes in Chemosensory Neurons and Sensory Cilia of Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemosensation in the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans depends on sensory cilia, whose assembly and maintenance requires the transport of components such as axonemal proteins and signal transduction machinery to their site of incorporation into ciliary structures. Members of the heteromeric kinesin family of microtubule motors are prime candidates for playing key roles in these transport events. Here we describe the molecular characterization and partial purification of two heteromeric kinesin complexes from C. elegans, heterotrimeric CeKinesin-II and dimeric CeOsm-3. Transgenic worms expressing green fluorescent protein driven by endogenous heteromeric kinesin promoters reveal that both CeKinesin-II and CeOsm-3 are expressed in amphid, inner labial, and phasmid chemosensory neurons. Additionally, immunolocalization experiments on fixed worms show an intense concentration of CeKinesin-II and CeOsm-3 polypeptides in the ciliated endings of these chemosensory neurons and a punctate localization pattern in the corresponding cell bodies and dendrites. These results, together with the phenotypes of known mutants in the pathway of sensory ciliary assembly, suggest that CeKinesin-II and CeOsm-3 drive the transport of ciliary components required for sequential steps in the assembly of chemosensory cilia.
Ontology Design for Video Semantic Threads

We propose that, at the highest level of video understanding, the human needs for meaning and the methodologies to extract it are both universal and generic. One must develop an ontology, then develop analyzers that learn the statistical correlates of that ontology, and finally use the analyzers to tie together common occurrences across individual videos. The first step towards adapting the ontology to the genre is the design of automated tools to assist in the annotation of the ground truth; these tools in turn provide feedback on the appropriateness of the filters and the ontology. We support this hypothesis by presenting and discussing some experiments conducted on the NIST TRECVID 2003 video corpus. We also validate this hypothesis by showing the connection between story tracking in our multimedia news and topic detection and tracking in the NIST TDT natural language effort. At the highest level, we find that our annotation tool shows that semantic concepts tend to cluster reliably into a few significant semantic dimensions. For news videos specifically, two of these clusters measure "presidentiality" and "outdoor-ness"
A wheat HMW glutenin subunit gene reveals a highly repeated structure

A wheat genomic library was screened with two synthetic oligonucleotides (24 and 25 bases in length) complementary to a partial cDNA clone encoding a glutenin gene [Thompson et al. (1983) Theor. Appl. Genet. 67, 87-96]. Glutenins are large molecular weight aggregated proteins of grain endosperm, and major determinants of bread making quality of wheat. Of the two clones obtained one was fully characterized. It contained the sequence of the high molecular weight subunit of glutenin. The amino acid sequence derived from the gene sequence reveals a mature protein (817 amino acids) with a highly repeated structure of two different motifs corresponding to the high glutamine (35.7%), glycine (20.1%) and proline (13.1%) content. The gene does not contain an intron, and possesses a typical eukaryotic promoter; the RNA initiation site is 25-30 bases downstream.
Abstract 021: Haplotype-Dependent Differential Regulation Of The Human AT1R Gene Is Exacerbated By Age: Effects On Tissue Inflammatory And Redox Milieu

Age-associated inflammation and redox imbalance underlie etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular-renal diseases, including hypertension and end organ damage. Angiotensin II (Ang II), via activation of the AT1R, contributes to the development and progression of these pathophysiologies. We have identified two haplotype blocks of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hAT 1 R gene: haplotype II (Hap II: -810A, -713G, -214C, -153G) and I (Hap I: -810T, -713T, -214A, -153A). In clinical studies, Hap I is linked to human hypertension. This study examines haplotype-dependent and age-associated transcriptional regulation of the hAT1R gene. In this regard, we have engineered transgenic (TG) mice with either haplotype of the hAT1R gene using a 166-kb bacterial artificial chromosome. ChIP assay shows increased RNA-Pol II binding (~1.6 fold higher) to the chromatin extracts from renal tissues of adult (4-6 months) male Hap I-TG mice with increased hAT1R expression (~6 fold higher). This was accompanied by higher baseline blood pressure in Hap I-TG mice (Hap I- 129±3 vs. Hap II- 116±4, p 18 months), male mice were used for this part of the study. hAT1R expression increases with age in both haplotypes; however, this increase is significantly higher in Hap I-TG mice (3.17±0.5 to 5.5±0.75 fold) as opposed to mice with Hap II (1.1±0.2 to 1.8±0.1 fold). Age-associated change (Δ) in inflammatory and redox markers was significantly (p 1 R gene causes increased hAT1R expression and blood pressure, in Hap I TG mice. Importantly, aging exacerbates this differential gene-expression regulation, further increasing hAT1R and promoting a prooxidant/inflammatory milieu in mice with Hap I.
ELIMINATION OF SEQUESTERED MATERIAL FROM THE GILLS OF DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS

Ink particles injected into the hemolymph of the American lobster (Homarus americanus), spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus), crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), and ridgeback prawn (Sicyonia ingentis) were rapidly removed from circulation, and most were sequestered within nodules in the gills. The morphology of the gills and the nodules were examined from the time of injection until the following molt. The process by which ink was cleared from the gills was the same in all four species. Nodules formed within 10 min after injection and were composed of hemocytes loosely attached to one another and binding small quantities of ink. Within one week, nodules became spherical and more compact with accumulations of ink surrounded by layers of flattened hemocytes. By one month, hemocytes in the nodules had degenerated leaving melanized masses which lay between the gill epithelium and the exoskeleton. Following molting, the gills of both trichobranchiate and dendrobranchiate species were clean or had very reduced numbers of nodules, and melanized masses were seen attached to the inner surface of the shed exoskeletons. A similar mechanism for cleaning the gills has been reported in crustaceans infected with parasites and in necrotic gill tissue caused by exposure to toxic heavy metals. We, therefore, suggest that the ability of the gill epithelium to wall off foreign material so that it is lost during the following molt is a general mechanism to prevent occlusion of the gill and maintain its role in ion regulation and respiration.
The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States

Review of: "The Architecture of Madness: Insane Asylums in the United States," by Carla Yanni.
Capture of Geothermal Heat as Chemical Energy

Fluids that undergo endothermic reactions were evaluated as potential chemical energy carriers of heat from geothermal reservoirs for power generation. Their performance was compared with that of H2O and CO2. The results show that (a) chemical energy carriers can produce more power from geothermal reservoirs than water and CO2 and (b) working fluids should not be selected solely on the basis of their specific thermo-physical properties but rather on the basis of the rate of exergy (ideal power) they can deliver. This article discusses the results of the evaluation of two chemical energy carrier systems: ammonia and methanol/water mixtures.
2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzoyl-4-nitro-phenyl-1-thio-α-d-mannopyran-oside-dichloro-methane-diethyl ether mixed solvate (1/0.53/0.38).

The title compound, C40H31NO11S·0.53CH2Cl2·0.38C4H10O, was synthesized in two steps from mannose penta­acetate and single crystals were grown by slow evaporation. The structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, confirming the α-configuration of the anomeric thioaryl substituent. The asymmetric unit contains two crystallographically distinct mol­ecules of the carbohydrate. The central pyran­ose rings of these are geometrically similar, but there are differences in the orientations of the benzoate substituents.
Technology Features and Pollution Control Strategy of MSW Incineration Power Generation

This paper describes the characteristics of MSW incineration power generation.It is followed by a detailed analysis of the mechanism of mechanical grate boiler and CFB as well as their advantages and disadvantages.Finally,it raises a number of effective control strategies to pollution emissions,in particular a detailed analysis of the generation means,boiler control and treatment of dioxin.
Monitoring of plague in Quangzhou city in 2009.

Objective To examine the composition and distribution of animal reservoir of plague in Quangzhou city,and to accumulate basic data for plague prevention and control. Methods Rodents were captured by cages and then identified. Flea index was determined and plague RPHA and IHA methods were used to test for the specific antibodies. Results 2 134 rodents were captured in 2009. Rattus norvegicus and Rattus flavipectus,accounting for 51.15% and 26.66% of the total species,were the major species. The overall density of rodents was 5.71%,in which 4.84% was for the coastal areas and 6.58% for the mountain areas. Total flea index of rodents and flea infection rate of rodents was 1.16 and 31.52%,respectively. The index of Xenopsylla cheopis was 1.06. The total free flea index was 0.008. The results of total flea index of rodents,flea infection rate of rodents,index of Xenopsylla cheopis and total free flea index obtained in the mountain areas was not significantly different from the coastal areas. F1 antibody was not detected by RPHA and IHA. Conclusion The major rodent species found in Quangzhou city is Rattus norvegicus. Xenopsylla cheopis is the dominant species of flea in these animals. Spreading of plague among rattus was not found.
Human Amyloidosis and In Vitro Formation of Alzheimer Amyloid Fibrils

Amyloidosis is a generic term that describes the chronic deposition in the extracellular and intracellular spaces of abnormal fibrillar proteins. These proteins share the properties of a β-pleated sheet secondary structure, insolubility, green birefringence after Congo red staining and the formation of fibrils with a typical electron microscopic appearance.1,2 The deposition of amyloid fibrils is the resultant of a diversity of pathological conditions, and the localization of these deposits is probably determined by tissue-related factors as well as by the type of protein involved (Table 1). Primary amyloidosis presents in 90% of the cases an M component that can be detected in serum, urine or cerebrospinal fluid.3,4 This observation and the presence of multiple myeloma in 20% of the cases, suggest that a plasma cell dysfunction plays an important role in its pathogenesis.5 The amyloid protein in primary amyloidosis has been shown to be the amino terminal fragment of immunoglobulin light chains with a variable molecular weight, ranging from 5–23 kDa.6,7 Some subgroups of light chains appear to have a highly amyloidogenic primary structure, as shown by preferential association of λVI with primary amyloidosis and the in vitro formation of amyloid fibrils from some, but not all, of the Bence Jones proteins studied.8–10 Secondary amyloidosis is related to acquired chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, leprosy, bronchiectasia, and osteomyelitis.
Discourse comprehension in autism spectrum disorder: Effects of working memory load and common ground.

Pragmatic language impairments are nearly universal in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Discourse requires that we monitor information that is shared or mutually known, called "common ground." While many studies have examined the role of Theory of Mind (ToM) in such impairments, few have examined working memory (WM). Common ground impairments in ASD could reflect limitations in both WM and ToM. This study explored common ground use in youth ages 8-17 years with high-functioning ASD (n = 13) and typical development (n = 22); groups did not differ on age, gender, IQ, or standardized language. We tracked participants' eye movements while they performed a discourse task in which some information was known only to the participant (e.g., was privileged; a manipulation of ToM). In addition, the amount of privileged information varied (a manipulation of WM). All participants were slower to fixate the target when considering privileged information, and this effect was greatest during high WM load trials. Further, the ASD group was more likely to fixate competing (non-target) shapes. Predictors of fixation patterns included ASD symptomatology, language ability, ToM, and WM. Groups did not differ in ToM. Individuals with better WM fixated the target more rapidly, suggesting an association between WM capacity and efficient discourse. In addition to ToM knowledge, WM capacity constrains common ground representation and impacts pragmatic skills in ASD. Social impairments in ASD are thus associated with WM capacity, such that deficits in domain-general, nonsocial processes such as WM exert an influence during complex social interactions. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1340-1352. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Celiac Plexus Block and Celiac Plexus Neurolysis

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block and celiac plexus neurolysis are two techniques used to control pain associated with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, respectively. These procedures are safe, have few absolute contraindications, and are relatively well tolerated. Celiac plexus block and celiac plexus neurolysis use bupivacaine followed by triamcinolone or ethyl alcohol, respectively. On average, the long-term effect of celiac plexus block is 3 months, and repeat blocks can be administered. Direct celiac plexus ganglia neurolysis is gaining acceptance in clinical practice, and further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique.
Harry Hopkins, FDR's Envoy to Churchill and Stalin. By Christopher D.O'Sullivan. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. 197pp.

Harry Hopkins, FDR's Envoy to Churchill and Stalin. By Christopher D. O'Sullivan. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015. 197pp. Christopher D. O'Sullivan offers an excellent assessment of the actions undertaken by Harry Hopkins on behalf of President Franklin Roosevelt (FDR) to win the Second World War and shape the postwar future. Winston Churchill described Harry Hopkins as the greatest American statesman serving President Roosevelt. The author provides extensive evidence to support this assertion. Hopkins was the key intermediary within America's civilian and military leadership, and he was special envoy to the leaders of Great Britain, the Soviet Union, China, and France. He consistently adhered to FDR's ultimate strategy of defeating Germany and Japan as quickly as possible with the fewest American casualties and to securing a future world based on political and economic freedom, human rights, and the self-determination of peoples. Churchill described Harry Hopkins as Lord Root of the Matter. Christopher O'Sullivan adopts a similar approach to research and its evidentiary conclusions. This study offers an invaluable and perceptive analysis of Harry Hopkins and his efforts to achieve the strategic grand design of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A career in public service prepared Harry Hopkins for the future. The author associates the actions of Hopkins to achieve social justice, economic freedom, and individual security during the Depression to his determination to defeat German and Japanese imperialism. Freedom from oppression, fear, and want motivated Hopkins throughout his life. Grinnell College, the Social Progressive movement, and his mother Ann's Methodist convictions encouraged Hopkins to devote his energies to fulfilling the needs of others in his work in the Red Cross, Tuberculosis and Health Association, Temporary Emergency Relief Administration, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Civil Works Administration, Works Progress Administration, and as Commerce Secretary. He used this experience while a member of the War Production Board, supervisor of Lend-Lease, and chair of the Munitions Assignment Board. He told his son Robert, graduating from high school in 1940, that father and son must decide that these freedoms were worth dying for in the days ahead. Stephen, one of three sons serving in World War II, was killed fighting Japanese forces on Kwajalein. The author describes the personality of Harry Hopkins as pragmatic, deliberative, and decisive. He was an excellent listener, hard worker, and a penetrating observer of human behavior. …
Home high flow oxygen therapy for chronic lung disease of prematurity

Background: High flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) has been increasingly used for the treatment of hypoxemic and hypercapnic respiratory insufficiency in children with chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD). Data on chronic home treatment with this modality are scarce. Objective: Evaluation of feasibility and safety of home HFOT for ex-premature children with respiratory insufficiency needing long term respiratory support. Methods: Retrospective medical file analysis of children discharged home on chronic respiratory support during 2014 and 2015 treated at the University Children9s Hospital Ljubljana. Results: 3 children (1 girl) with CLD were discharged home on HFOT during the observation period. Their mean gestational age at birth was 28 (±3.8) weeks. At 36 weeks gestation they were all CPAP and oxygen dependent. Mean chronologic age at HFOT initiation was 97 (±47) days. Decision to start HFOT was based on suboptimal condition after CPAP withdrawal defined as: (1) FiO2>30% for target SpO2 91-94%, (2) worsening tachypnea with pronounced work of breathing and (3) inadequate or poor feeding. Children were adapted and family members educated to Fisher&Paykel AirvoTM 2 and discharged home 19(±8) days after initiation, on mean FiO2 33%(±2), flow 6.0(±0.5) l/min., PaCO2 7.8(±0.4) kPa. Patents were followed with regular in-hospital overnight respiratory polygraphies. The mean duration of home treatment (2 children) was 108(±14) days, one child still on treatment. No one needed re hospitalization due to respiratory deterioration on HFOT. Conclusions: Home HFOT can be safely and efficiently used in children with severe CLD needing low level respiratory support for optimal growth and development outside the medical facilities.
Neonatal Toxicity From Escitalopram Use In Utero: A Case Report.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure during pregnancy can result in symptoms of serotonin syndrome or serotonin withdrawal. In contrast to other SSRIs, reports of serotonin behavioral syndrome following in utero exposure to escitalopram and citalopram are limited. We describe a case of suspected toxicity following in utero exposure to 20 mg escitalopram throughout pregnancy. The infant was transferred to our neonatal intensive unit at 9 hours of life for further evaluation of lethargy, weak cry, bradycardia, and non-reactive pupils. Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy was suspected upon presentation, despite APGAR scores of 8 and 9. Upon admission, symptoms progressed to signs of hypertonia, irritability, high-pitched cry, and posturing. The patient was loaded with phenobarbital for empiric management of suspected seizures versus drug withdrawal. Both electroencephalogram and computed tomography scan results were normal; however, an electrocardiogram revealed a prolonged QTc interval of 531 ...
Quantum Principles and Mathematical Models in Physics and Beyond

While mathematical modeling beyond physics—in biology, neuroscience, psychology, and economics—has been and is still dominated by classical mathematical models (C-models), primarily of probabilistic and statistical nature, quantum mathematical models (Q-models), mathematical models based in the mathematical formalism of quantum theory, have recently acquired currency in mathematical modeling in these areas. This chapter examines some of the reasons for using such models. In order to do so, the author considers the fundamental principles behind these models in quantum physics itself, taking as its point of departure Einstein’s distinction between “constructive” and “principle” theories. Two types of principle thinking in quantum theory will be considered, those defining the initial development of quantum mechanics in 1920s and those of quantum information theory, a more recent and still ongoing development. The principle perspective, the author argues, may help us to understand better a possible and possibly necessary role for quantum mathematical models beyond physics.
Going for It: The Economics of Automaticity in Perception and Action

What we pay attention to is influenced by reward learning. Previously reward-associated stimuli are difficult to ignore, automatically drawing our attention even when we know they are no longer ben...
Comparison of four glycosyl residue composition methods for effectiveness in detecting sugars from cell walls of dicot and grass tissues

The effective use of plant biomass for biofuel and bioproduct production requires a comprehensive glycosyl residue composition analysis to understand the different cell wall polysaccharides present in the different biomass sources. Here we compared four methods side-by-side for their ability to measure the neutral and acidic sugar composition of cell walls from herbaceous, grass, and woody model plants and bioenergy feedstocks. Arabidopsis, Populus, rice, and switchgrass leaf cell walls, as well as cell walls from Populus wood, rice stems, and switchgrass tillers, were analyzed by (1) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of alditol acetates combined with a total uronic acid assay; (2) carbodiimide reduction of uronic acids followed by GC–MS of alditol acetates; (3) GC–MS of trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives; and (4) high-pressure, anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC). All four methods gave comparable abundance ranking of the seven neutral sugars, and three of the methods were able to quantify unique acidic sugars. The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods provided comparable quantitative results for the specific neutral and acidic sugar content of the biomass, with the TMS method providing slightly greater yield of specific acidic sugars and high total sugar yields. The alditol acetate method, while providing comparable information on the major neutral sugars, did not provide the requisite quantitative information on the specific acidic sugars in plant biomass. Thus, the alditol acetate method is the least informative of the four methods. This work provides a side-by-side comparison of the efficacy of four different established glycosyl residue composition analysis methods in the analysis of the glycosyl residue composition of cell walls from both dicot (Arabidopsis and Populus) and grass (rice and switchgrass) species. Both primary wall-enriched leaf tissues and secondary wall-enriched wood/stem tissues were analyzed for mol% and mass yield of the non-cellulosic sugars. The TMS, HPAEC, and carbodiimide methods were shown to provide comparable quantitative data on the nine neutral and acidic sugars present in all plant cell walls.
Increased Pain After Kyphoplasty

Osteoporosis is the most common cause of vertebral compression fracture. Pain from a compression fracture is multifaceted, incompletely understood, and debilitating. If conservative management fails, then injection therapies are offered. Vertebral augmentation therapy is the most immediate way to treat pain from a vertebral compression fracture. The exact mechanism of pain relief from this therapy is not completely understood. This intervention is not risk-free. Quite often pain persists or recurs soon after this treatment. The chapter reviews different etiologies that can cause persistent pain after the augmentation therapy; an algorithm to work up the patient in a step-by-step fashion is proposed, and treatment options are provided.
NEWER CONCERNS WITH INTRA-PROCEDURAL THROMBUS FORMATION DURING WATCHMAN LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE (LAA) OCCLUSION DEVICE (OD) IMPLANTATION

The LAA OD has been shown to be non-inferior to anticoagulation (AC) for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), and has a safe and effective profile with low ischemic stroke risk per Protect AF and EWOLUTION trials. A 72-year-old male with non-ischemic
Correction of the Inverted Nipple

Nipple inversion is common, occurring in 2–10% of the female population. It can be congenital or acquired, and patients report difficulty breastfeeding and interference with their sexuality when seeking treatment. This deformity can cause significant psychological trauma, and though surgical repair has been developed over the years, little data exists regarding recurrence rates, complications, and the demographics of patients seeking this type of surgery. In this chapter, we demonstrate an integrated approach to the correction of nipple inversion that minimizes ductal disruption. This approach is ideal, as it does not interfere with future breastfeeding, it provides a long-term robust repair, and it is relatively easy to administer in an outpatient setting. The correction of nipple inversion involves blunt dissection and vertical spreading parallel to the lactiferous ducts. The majority of the time lactiferous ducts are preserved, although sometimes selective division of only those ducts that restrict nipple projection is performed. Traction stenting helps ensure eversion and protects the repair. Our technique produces excellent results with a recurrence rate of 12.6%. In our experience, this technique has proven effective and safe for the treatment of inverted nipples.
The role of mindfulness in harmonising sustainable lifestyles

I begin with a review of our research on meditation, mindfulness, expressed emotions, and physiological variability while teaching. Then, through the theoretical lenses of polyvagal theory, I exami...
Radar Doppler processing with nonuniform PRF

Conventional signal processing to estimate radar Doppler frequency often assumes uniform pulse/sample spacing. This is typically more for the convenience of the processing. More recent performance enhancements in processor capability allow optimally processing nonuniform pulse/sample spacing, thereby overcoming some of the baggage that attends uniform sampling, such as Doppler ambiguity and SNR losses due to sidelobe control measures.
Detection of O18 and D Isotopes in Water Vapor using a Fiber-Coupled Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Multi-Pass Cell

We have demonstrated detection of water isotopologues (H16OH, H18OH and HDO) by a compact fiber-coupled tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy setup. The measured results agree well with HITRAN simulation.
Repair of Ductus or Hemi-Truncus to One Lung and Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals to the Other Lung.

Background There are patients born with pulmonary atresia and a ductus arteriosus or hemi-truncus to one lung and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs) to the contralateral lung. The purpose of this study was to review our surgical results for this relatively rare subset of patients. Methods This was a retrospective review of 35 patients with ductus/hemi-truncus in association with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and MAPCAs. Our surgical algorithm is bifurcated into two strategies: (1) patients with “favorable” MAPCAs are candidates for single stage complete repair, and (2) patients with “unfavorable” MAPCAs undergo a staged approach. The median age at surgery was 3 months (range, 1 to 7 months), and the mean number of MAPCAs was 3.1 ± 1.3. Results Twenty patients underwent a single stage complete repair. All 20 of these patients are alive with a right ventricle to aortic pressure ratio of 0.34 ± 0.07. The distribution of pulmonary blood flow by lung perfusion scan was 44% to the right and 56% to the left lung. Fifteen patients underwent a staged approach, including unifocalization of the MAPCAs to a central shunt. There were 2 interim deaths. Twelve patients have undergone complete repair with a right ventricle to aortic pressure ratio of 0.38 ± 0.07. There was 1 late death after complete repair. The distribution of pulmonary blood flow was 39% to the right and 61% to the left lung. Conclusions The data demonstrate that 32 of 35 patients with ductus/hemi-truncus and MAPCAs ultimately achieved complete repair with relatively low pulmonary artery pressures.
Protestant Ethics and Beneficence

In the late 1960’s, before matters of medicine and ethics became public and popular, I listened to an English doctor who stated unequivocally before an international conference that theologians are no longer (were they once!) of any help to physicians and surgeons, and that in consequence doctors themselves must formulate “their own ethical code” which will both satisfy the majority of doctors and (he added confidently) the well-being of patients and the best interests of society as well. In the intervening years, in hospitals and medical schools both here and abroad, I have many times encountered a similar sentiment, located most often in an autobiographical account of how, as an undergraduate medical student or young house officer, one had sought help from a chaplain or pastor or academic theologian, only to learn that “he had nothing useful to tell me.”
Placing the Patient on the Ventilator

Initiation of mechanical ventilation can lead to a decrease in the cardiac output and hypotension, especially in the intravascularly depleted patient. The mode, tidal volume, respiratory rate, PEEP, inspiratory time/I:E ratio, and fraction of inspired oxygen should all be selected. Low tidal volume ventilation and targeting low pressures on the ventilator have been shown to improve outcomes for patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) alike. Once initial settings have been selected, the patient requires close monitoring for hemodynamic deterioration and to ensure that the selected settings are appropriate.
Liberation model for multi-component ores

An approximate analytic model is developed for minerals liberation when comminution processes are applied to multi-component ores, i.e., ores that include grains of multiple mineral species. The model employs a one-dimensional representation of ore texture similar to that employed by King (1979) and Klimpel and Austin (1983). The spatial texture representation is viewed as being generated by a stationary semi-Markov process. Associated semi-regenerative processes are defined that can be used to establish, approximately, the joint distribution of particle size and composition, where composition refers to the identities and relative proportions of mineral species included within the particle. Numerical predictions made by the model are compared to size and composition distributions observed in previous experimental studies.
Behavioral Interventions Using Consumer Information Technology as Tools to Advance Health Equity

The digital divide related to consumer information technologies (CITs) has diminished, thus increasing the potential to use CITs to overcome barriers of access to health interventions as well as to deliver interventions situated in the context of daily lives. However, the evidence base regarding the use and impact of CIT-enabled interventions in health disparity populations lags behind that for the general population. Literature and case examples are summarized to demonstrate the use of mHealth, telehealth, and social media as behavioral intervention platforms in health disparity populations, identify challenges to achieving their use, describe strategies for overcoming the challenges, and recommend future directions. The evidence base is emerging. However, challenges in design, implementation, and evaluation must be addressed for the promise to be fulfilled. Future directions include (1) improved design methods, (2) enhanced research reporting, (3) advancement of multilevel interventions, (4) rigorous evaluation, (5) efforts to address privacy concerns, and (6) inclusive design and implementation decisions.
The Ethical and Responsible Organization: Organizational Due Process, Employee Voice, and Procedural Justice in Human Resource Management

This reflection chapter will analyze from a normative ethics perspective (i.e., what ought to be) the view that employees are stakeholders in firms and should be treated fairly and equitably in terms of human resource/human capital business practices and policies. A number of major issues will be discussed in this arena: the nature of due process for nonunionized employees, procedural justice, employee voice systems, and ethics and employee rights in the employment relationship. This chapter will conclude with policy recommendations for executives, managers, and human resource directors. Furthermore, recommendations for future research will be delineated for scholars.
Lost in translational biology: Understanding sex differences to inform studies of diseases of the nervous system

Female and male humans are different. As simple and obvious as that statement is, in biomedical research there has been an historical tendency to either not consider sex at all or to only use males in clinical and in preclinical model system studies. The result is a large volume of research that reflects the average biology and pathology of males even though we know that disease risk, presentation, and response to therapies can be different between females and males. This is true, albeit to differing degrees, for virtually all neurological and psychiatric diseases. However, the days of ignoring sex as a biological variable are over - both because of the realization that genetic sex impacts brain function, and because of the 2014 mandate by the U.S. National Institutes of Health that requires that "sex as a biological variable" be addressed in each grant application. This review is written for neuroscientists who may not have considered sex as a biological variable previously but who now are navigating the best way to adapt their research programs to consider this important biology. We first provide a brief overview of the evidence that male versus female differences in the brain are biologically and clinically meaningful. We then present some fundamental principles that have been forged by a dedicated but small group of ground-breaking researchers along with a description of tools and model systems for incorporating a sex differences component into a research project. Finally, we will highlight some key technologies that, in the coming years, are likely to provide critical information about sex differences in the human brain.
The Association Between Prebiotic Fiber Supplement Use and Colorectal Cancer Risk and Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative

Background: Fiber-based prebiotic supplements are marketed for maintaining bowel health and promoting beneficial gut bacteria. However, the association between prebiotic supplement use and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and mortality is unknown. Methods: The association between prebiotic use and CRC risk and mortality was evaluated in postmenopausal women in the Women9s Health Initiative study. Self-reported prebiotic use was documented at study enrollment. Adjudicated CRC cases and mortality were captured using medical and death records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio related to prebiotic use and CRC risk and mortality. Results: In total, 3,032 CRC cases were diagnosed during an average 15.4 years of follow-up. Overall, 3.7% of women used a prebiotic with psyllium the majority fiber type. Use of any prebiotic supplement was not associated with CRC risk or mortality. The type of prebiotic supplement (none vs. insoluble or soluble) was not associated with CRC risk; however, use of insoluble fiber prebiotics compared to none was associated with higher CRC-mortality (HR: 2.79; 95%CI: 1.32-5.90; p=0.007). Likelihood ratio tests indicated no significant interactions between prebiotic use and other CRC risk factors including metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Prebiotic fiber supplement use was not associated with CRC risk. Insoluble but not soluble prebiotic fiber use was associated with higher CRC-mortality. These findings do not support the promotion of prebiotic fiber supplements to reduce CRC risk or CRC-mortality. Impact: Further investigation is warranted for findings regarding insoluble prebiotic fiber and higher CRC-mortality in post-menopausal women.
Differential Resting State Connectivity Responses to Glycemic State in Type 1 Diabetes.

Context Individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have alterations in brain activity that have been postulated to contribute to the adverse neurocognitive consequences of T1DM; however, the impact of T1DM and hypoglycemic unawareness on the brain's resting state activity remains unclear. Objective To determine whether individuals with T1DM and hypoglycemia unawareness (T1DM-Unaware) had changes in the brain resting state functional connectivity compared to healthy controls (HC) and those with T1DM and hypoglycemia awareness (T1DM-Aware). Design Observational study. Setting Academic medical center. Participants 27 individuals with T1DM and 12 HC volunteers participated in the study. Intervention All participants underwent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) resting state functional magnetic brain imaging during a 2-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic (90 mg/dL)-hypoglycemic (60 mg/dL) clamp. Outcome Changes in resting state functional connectivity. Results Using 2 separate methods of functional connectivity analysis, we identified distinct differences in the resting state brain responses to mild hypoglycemia between HC, T1DM-Aware, and T1DM-Unaware participants, particularly in the angular gyrus, an integral component of the default mode network (DMN). Furthermore, changes in angular gyrus connectivity also correlated with greater symptoms of hypoglycemia (r = 0.461, P = 0.003) as well as higher scores of perceived stress (r = 0.531, P = 0.016). Conclusion These findings provide evidence that individuals with T1DM have changes in the brain's resting state connectivity patterns, which may be further associated with differences in awareness to hypoglycemia. These changes in connectivity may be associated with alterations in functional outcomes among individuals with T1DM.
Dark Matter Freeze Out with Tsallis Statistics in the Early Universe

The nature of dark matter (DM) and how it might interact with the particles of the Standard Model (SM) is one of greatest mysteries currently facing particle physics, and addressing these issues should provide some understanding of how the observed relic abundance was produced. One widely considered production mechanism, a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) produced as a thermal relic, provides a target cross section for DM annihilation into SM particles by solving the Boltzmann equation. In this thermal freeze-out mechanism, dark matter is produced in thermal equilibrium with the SM in the early universe, and drops out of equilibrium to its observed abundance as the universe cools and expands. In this paper, we study the impact of a generalized thermodynamics, known as Tsallis statistics and governed by a parameter $q$, on the target DM annihilation cross section. We derive the phase space distributions of particles in this generalized statistical framework, and check their thermodynamic consistency, as well as analyzing the impact of this generalization on the collisional term of the Boltzmann equation. We consider the case of an initial value of $q_0>1$, with $q$ relaxing to 1 as the universe expands and cools, and solve the generalized Boltzmann numerically for several benchmark DM masses, finding the corresponding target annihilation cross sections as a function of $q_0$. We find that as $q$ departs from the standard thermodynamic case of $q=1$, the collisional term falls less slowly as a function of $x = m_\chi/T$ than expected in the standard case. We also find that the target cross section falls sharply from $\sigma v \simeq 2.2-2.6\times10^{-26} \textrm{cm}^3/\textrm{s}$ for $q_0=1$ to, for example, $\sigma v \simeq 3\times 10^{-34} \textrm{cm}^3/\textrm{s}$ for $q_0=1.05$ for a 100 GeV WIMP.
Logarithmic Heavy Traffic Error Bounds in Generalized Switch and Load Balancing Systems

Motivated by application in wireless networks, cloud computing, data centers etc, Stochastic Processing Networks have been studied in the literature under various asymptotic regimes. In the heavy-traffic regime, the steady state mean queue length is proved to be $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon})$ where $\epsilon$ is the heavy-traffic parameter, that goes to zero in the limit. The focus of this paper is on obtaining queue length bounds on prelimit systems, thus establishing the rate of convergence to the heavy traffic. In particular, we study the generalized switch model operating under the MaxWeight algorithm, and we show that the mean queue length of the prelimit system is only $O\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\right)\right)$ away from its heavy-traffic limit. We do this even when the so called complete resource pooling (CRP) condition is not satisfied. When the CRP condition is satisfied, in addition, we show that the MaxWeight algorithm is within $O\left(\log \left(\frac{1}{\epsilon}\right)\right)$ of the optimal. Finally, we obtain similar results in load balancing systems operating under the join the shortest queue routing algorithm.
Addressing Vulnerable Population Needs in the Last Mile to the elimination of mother to child transmission of HIV: (Re)Claiming the HIV Response for Female Sex Workers and Their Children

As countries strive to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV, female sex workers (FSW) and their children still face barriers to accessing these essential services. Data on FSW uptake of HIV and reproductive health services before, during, and after pregnancy reveal inadequate service utilization. Stigma encountered by FSW in healthcare settings may contribute to low uptake of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and other prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services. Coordination between community-based FSW and facility-based PMTCT programs can facilitate successful linkage of pregnant FSW to antenatal services to support PMTCT efforts. We offer a way forward to reach 90-90-90 targets for FSW and their families and eliminate mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
“Whores” and “Hottentots”: Protection of (white) women and white supremacy in anti-suffrage rhetoric

Through an analysis of anti-suffrage arguments, I identify white supremacist tropes as an important strand in woman suffrage debates. I argue that sexualization and themes of home were signals to r...
Abstract 2471: Role of FOXO transcription factor dynamics in determining cell fates following EGFR inhibition

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a first line treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have specific hyperactive mutations in EGFR. Though patients have seen improvements in survival after EGFR TKI treatment, resistance commonly develops as not all NSCLC cells die following treatment. Indeed, EGFR inhibitor treatment induces both cell-cycle arrest (allowing for cell survival) and death in cancer cells. The FOXO family of transcription factors have been implicated in both death and arrest responses following EGFR inhibition. This is consistent with FOXOs function in regulating both arrest and apoptotic genes programs. However, it is unknown how the FOXO network ‘decides9 between these two oppositional programs to enact following treatment with EGFR inhibitors. Protein dynamics, meaning how the levels or location of a protein changes over time, is a mechanism cells use to encode information about cellular fates. The p53 transcription system is an established example of a dynamically regulated system–it responds to multiple inputs and is capable of enacting multiple outputs (gamma radiation causes oscillations of p53 levels that result in cellular arrest while UV causes a sustained increase of p53 levels that result in cellular death). FOXO9s network is similar to the p53 system (multiple input, multiple output), making it a good candidate for dynamic regulation. We have tagged Foxo3a with a fluorescent marker (Venus) at its endogenous locus in PC9 NSCLC cells using CRISPR/Cas9 to determine whether FOXO dynamics dictate cell fate following EGFR TKI treatment. Using live cell microscopy on this line, we have acquired FOXO nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics as well as cell fate (death/arrest) in single cells. Using time-series analyses we are trying to determine if there are dynamic patterns associated with each fate following EGFR inhibition. Through our studies, we hope to gain a better understanding of this non-genetic mechanism cells use to determine their fate. Our long-term goal is to identify dynamic patterns that push cancer cells to more terminal fates following treatment. Citation Format: Julie M. Huynh, Kayenat S. Aryeh, Lisa Shanks, Andrew L. Paek. Role of FOXO transcription factor dynamics in determining cell fates following EGFR inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2471.