cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nicardipine on Rewarming Time and Blood Pressure Control in Children's Extracorporeal Circulation

OBJECTIVE By the application of nicardipine in children's extracorporeal circulation(ECC),to observe its influence on the rewarming time and the effect on blood pressure control.METHODS 40 children with congenital heart disease,who underwent open heart surgery,were classified randomly into two groups,group A went without nicardipine during ECC,while group B continuously infused 2-10 μg/(kg·min) nicardipine during ECC,and the infusing speed was accommodated according the blood pressure.RESULTS Compared to group A,group B can safely and effectively hold blood pressure on a needed level after intervenous drop infusion nicardipine 5 minutes,with less side effect and shorter rewarming time(P0.05).CONCLUSION The application of nicardipine during ECC can short rewarming time,quickly control blood pressure with stable heart rate.
The Anti-Totalitarian Left Between Morality and Politics

Martin Jay introduces his study of Marxism and Totality with a “topography of Western Marxism” that concludes with some remarks about what he calls the “generation of 1968.”1 They were a “distinct generation of non-dogmatically leftist intellectuals,” in whose number he counts himself. Similarly, in the Introduction to a collection of his essays published two years later,2 he explains that although he wanted to move beyond Critical Theory to other projects, “I was drawn back into its orbit.” The reason for this continued appeal was first of all intellectual curiosity, because he was “never certain that Marxism, Western or otherwise, offered all the answers.” But there was a political appeal as well, since he thereby avoided the deadening experience of a “deradicalization” when the excitement of the initial discoveries gave way to a “theoretical and practical” loss of confidence. That changed mood, he goes on to say, was “evident” in my own book published in 1977, The Marxian Legacy, and “apparent” also in articles in the journal Telos. In contrast, Martin Jay cites the volume that Karl Klare and I had published only five years earlier as part of “a burgeoning awareness of the richness as well as the inadequacies of a tradition of thought.”3 Could it have been simply what he calls the “disheartening events of the 1970s” that explains the changed intellectual landscape?4
The Cost Approach to Pricing: The Direction of Cost

Two elements enter into the determination of the price of every component exchanged in the economy: the costs of producing, transporting, and delivering it, on the one hand, and its value to the buyer, on the other hand. Under price regulation, these two individual elements are the subject of highly developed formal processes and strictures, particularly as to costs. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 explore the economics of various aspects of the cost approach. Chapter 2 emphasizes one central principle–that prices tend to follow the direction of costs. To determine this direction, costs are examined from their fundamental role as either fixed or variable, and whether in combination they lead to decreasing, constant, or increasing per-unit costs. For capital-intensive industries, such as the energy utilities, the direction of unit costs is downward as plant is utilized more extensively with growth. Comparative scenarios are presented which analyze growth in its several stages, even or erratic, constant or interrupted, with resulting changes in the firm’s prognosis.
Pakistan’s inter-services intelligence directorate: covert action and internal operations, by Owen L. Sirrs, New York, Routledge, 2016, 328 pp., £90.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781138677166

There is a lack of scholarly research about South Asian intelligence compared to the vast literature about American and European intelligence agencies. The reasons for such a limited body of schola...
Transverse priority phase sensitive optical coherence tomography

A variation on the standard time domain optical coherence tomography (TDOCT) system is presented. Using an inexpensive piezoelectric stack to modulate the reference mirror position, the amplitude and phase of the sample reflection is determined without scanning. With the primary scan in the transverse direction, en face and B-scan OCT images can be readily produced with phase information. This project plans to use the dynamic phase information to add an extra level of contrast to the images, based on the motion of the scatterers.
Numerical-Stiffness-Based Simulation of Mixed Transmission Systems

Inclusion of power electronics allows increased controllability and stability in power systems. The simulation of such systems on a large-scale is challenging due to the presence of a large number of switches and nonlinear devices. This paper presents an advanced simulation algorithm to solve the aforementioned problem. The algorithm considers separation of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) on the basis of numerical stiffness and applies hybrid discretization algorithms to simulate the DAEs. The DAEs, in this paper, represent the nonlinear nonautonomous switched system dynamics of power systems. Stability analysis is performed on a general class of nonlinear nonautonomous switched systems to show the constraints under which the proposed algorithm is stable. To show the validity of the proposed algorithm, two case studies are considered: 1) single high-voltage direct current (HVdc) substation based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC); and 2) an example three-terminal MMC-HVdc system. Relaxation techniques are introduced to create a stable interface for the separated DAEs. The developed algorithms are also validated with PSCAD/EMTDC-detailed reference models.
General Considerations for Regional Anesthesia Practice

Setting up a regional anesthesia service requires a reliable and consistent product as well as a sound business plan. Technological advances in nerve stimulation, ultrasound guidance, and perineural catheters have led to rapid growth in the number and types of peripheral nerve block procedures available to regional anesthesia practitioners. Starting a new regional anesthesia program potentially adds monetary value to a facility’s perioperative services by improving the quality of postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery, thereby reducing perioperative costs and offering a competitive advantage over other surgical facilities. From the patient’s perspective, a regional anesthesia program provides nonmonetary value by preventing pain and reducing the risk of nausea and vomiting after surgery. The goal of this chapter is to provide initial guidance to the anesthesiologist interested in starting a new regional anesthesiology and acute pain program.
Storm impacts on hydrodynamics and suspended-sediment fluxes in a microtidal back-barrier estuary

Abstract Recent major storms have piqued interest in understanding the responses of estuarine hydrodynamics and sediment transport to these events. To that end, flow velocity, wave characteristics, and suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) were measured for 11 months at eight locations in Chincoteague Bay, MD/VA, USA, a shallow back-barrier estuary. Daily breezes and episodic storms generated sediment-resuspending waves and modified the flow velocity at all sites, which occupied channel, shoal, and sheltered-bay environments with different bed-sediment characteristics. Despite comparable SSC during calm periods, SSC at the channel locations was considerably greater than at the shoal sites during windy periods because of relatively more erodible bed sediment in the channels. Sediment fluxes were strongly wind modulated: within the bay's main channel, depth-integrated unit-width sediment flux increased nonlinearly with increasing wind speed. When averaged over all sites, about 35% of the flux occurred during windy periods (wind speed greater than 6 m s−1), which represented just 15% of the deployment time. At channel sites, the net water and sediment fluxes were opposite to the direction of the wind forcing, while at shoal sites, the fluxes generally were aligned with the wind, implying complex channel–shoal dynamics. Yearly sediment fluxes exceed previous estimates of sediment delivery to the entirety of Chincoteague Bay. These observations illustrate the dynamic sedimentary processes occurring within microtidal back-barrier lagoons and highlight the importance of storm events in the hydrodynamics and overall sediment budgets of these systems.
Intervening through the Social Welfare System

This chapter outlines one area of the U.S. Social Welfare System and discusses the implications of a contingency management program for Welfare to Work (Workfare) participants with substance abuse problems. This type of programming is important for at least two reasons. One, although the prevalence of substance abuse within this system varies, there is a recognition that screening and treatment are often indicated but are not adequately addressed. Also, substance abuse impacts on the individual’s ability to obtain and sustain employment, thus creating challenges to the system if the substance abuse is not treated.
Planning, Administrative Organization of

This article is about the role of planning in organizations, with a focus on urban planning in local government. It makes the case that organizations are defined by their management; that management must cope with a power struggle; that plans are only effective if management implements them; and that the structure of planning depends on the structure of management. The generic natures of both the management structure and the planning process are outlined, and variations in their relationships under alternative configurations are described. Reasons are presented for the conclusion that urban planning in local government is a unique form of both planning and organization. Alternative strategies for addressing these unique conditions are presented, with the recognition that, in the final analysis, the administrative organization of urban planning is more of an art than a science.
Limits and Potential of Traditional Moral Philosophy and Current Ethics – Some Arguments for the Need for a New Type of Sustainability Ethics

In this chapter, I discuss the relevance of traditional moral philosophy for the analysis of the ethical dimension of sustainability. I argue that we cannot simply apply traditional moral philosophy, such as utilitarianism or deontology, to the ethical questions of sustainability, but that we rather need a new type of sustainability ethics. I also distinguish environmental ethics from sustainability ethics: subject matter of environmental ethics is the ethical dimension of the human-nature relationship, whereas the subject matter of sustainability ethics is the ethical aspects of the threefold relationship of human beings with contemporaries, future generation, and nature. However, I also identify elements of established ethics which are relevant for the project of sustainability ethics. I particularly refer to virtue ethics and ethics of care, and the insights of these theories into ethical aspects of relationships and the ethical relevance of structural and institutional frameworks for individual action and life. I argue that these insights can be made fruitful for sustainability ethics.
Abstract 4382: Complement system mutational landscape reveals C4BPA mutations enhance apoptosis in an immune-independent manner

The complement system is an important pathway in immunity. When dysregulated in the tumor microenvironment, complement is associated with suppression of antitumor immunity and tumorigenesis promotion. While complement has been reported to have important intracellular functions in immune cells, the role of intracellular complement in cancer has remained poorly understood to date. In this study we investigated the prevalence and significance of pathway-wide complement mutations as well as their role with respect to intracellular complement in cancer. We describe mutations in both individual genes as well as within functional groups that are significantly associated with altered survival outcomes. Analyzing mutations occurring across multiple TCGA cancer types highlighted the potential clinical significance of certain mutations that would otherwise not have surfaced at a single cancer level. As an example, we test the significance of mutations in complement regulator C4BPA in vitro and in vivo in a single cancer type. This approach allowed us to uncover a new immune-independent biologic function of the complement system with potential clinical implications for colorectal cancer patients. Specifically, we find that colorectal cancer cells with specific C4BPA mutations display increased oxaliplatin-induced intracellular C4BPA stabilization. By studying the mechanistic basis of this association we report novel crosstalk between intracellular complement and apoptosis signaling, occurring in an NFκB/RelA-dependent manner. Based on both experimental and patient outcome data, we therefore propose that assessing complement mutation status might facilitate patient stratification. In the case of C4BPA mutations, this would be particularly relevant to improve accuracy of prognosis assessment in stage II colorectal patients where TNM staging alone does not accurately predict outcome in patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Citation Format: Monica M. Olcina, Nikolas G. Balanis, Ryan K. Kim, Michael J. Thompson, Thomas G. Graeber, Amato J. Giaccia. Complement system mutational landscape reveals C4BPA mutations enhance apoptosis in an immune-independent manner [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4382.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: effect of hepatic steatosis on major hepatocellular carcinoma features at MRI

Objective:To evaluate the effect of hepatic steatosis on LI-RADS® major features at MRI in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:...
Vascular Fibrosis and Disease

Fibrosis can lead to a broad range of diseases affecting essentially every organ. Thus, interventions targeting fibrosis are expected to have profound therapeutic effects. However, thus far there are no effective clinical treatments to specifically block fibrotic processes, underscoring the necessity of enhanced research efforts in this arena. The hallmark of vascular fibrotic disorders is extensive extracellular matrix remodeling primarily mediated by myofibroblasts. A prominent feature of the vasculature is that all three major constituent cell types, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells, maintain phenotypic plasticity. In response to various fibrogenic stimuli, these vascular cells along with progenitor cells can transform into myofibroblasts or myofibroblast-like cells, collectively yet variably contributing to vascular fibrosis. As such, the vascular system provides useful models for studying fibrotic mechanisms. In this chapter, we focus on vascular fibrosis and associated diseases, providing an overview of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and their multifaceted impacts on disease outcomes. Potential antifibrotic targets and the emerging importance of epigenetic regulators in the major vascular diseases are also discussed.
The Presence of a Paretic Propulsion Reserve During Gait in Individuals Following Stroke

Background. The residual hemiparesis after stroke results in a unilateral reduction in propulsive force during gait. Prior work has suggested the presence of a propulsive reserve in the paretic lim...
Comparison of abdominal compression devices in persons with abdominal paralysis due to spinal cord injury

Study design Single subject design with five subjects. Objectives The objetive of this study is to compare the effectiveness and usability of alternative commercial abdominal compression garments with participants' usual medical binders. Setting Private residences in Pierce and King Counties, WA, USA. Methods Participants wore each garment for 5 days followed by a 2-day washout in personal binder. Week 1: Personal binder. Weeks 2 and 3: Randomly ordered test garments (tank, bodysuit). Physiologic measurements: blood pressure (SBP, DBP), blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and heart rate (HR). Participants completed logs twice daily for 5 days per garment regarding ease of use, comfort, respiration, and appearance. We certify that all applicable institutional and governmental regulations concerning the ethical use of human volunteers were followed during the course of this research. Results The use of a personal binder results in significant increases in SBP and FEV1. Personal binders support FEV1 significantly better than test garments. There is no difference in SBP between test garments and personal binders. There are no significant differences between DBP, SaO2, or HR between participants' personal binders and no binder. Participants reported that neither tank nor bodysuit felt adequately supportive or easy to use. Conclusions Abdominal compression improves respiratory function and supports SBP in individuals with chronic SCI. Further research is needed to guide the development of an easy-to-use and physiologically supportive abdominal compression garment.
Organic interfaces enhance strontium content of marine barite

The history of life and environmental change on Earth is told largely by physical and chemical indicators hosted within the sedimentary rock record. Barite (BaSO4) is one of the few minerals that is known to crystallize from seawater, and due to its relatively high chemical resiliency in nature, its trace element and isotope contents are frequently taken to reflect the composition of its parental fluid. Consequently, barite is often utilized to place constraints on the compositions of ancient waters in a variety of settings (e.g., bulk seawater, hydrothermal brines, sedimentary pore waters, and cold-water seeps) (1). The low barium concentrations that are prevalent in modern seas generally preclude BaSO4 mineralization (2); however, barite is known to form in association with suspended organic matter in open waters (3) and is a nearly ubiquitous, albeit minor, component of deep-water marine sediments, particularly underlying regions characterized by high biological activity (4). By dint of this correlation, the abundance of barite in sedimentary cores likely reflects the extent of biological productivity in ancient environments (5). The mechanisms by which organic matter promotes barite formation are not fully appreciated; however, it is clear that the presence of living organisms and/or decaying organic matter can establish a locally favorable environment for barite nucleation and growth. This local environment may also be necessary to explain the formation of strontium-enriched marine barites, which … [↵][1]1Email: afw{at}udel.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Comparison of bilateral decompression via unilateral laminotomy and conventional laminectomy for single-level degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis regarding low back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life - A Randomized Controlled, Prospective Trial

Conventional posterior open lumbar surgery is associated with considerable trauma to the paraspinal muscles. Severe damage to the paraspinal muscles could cause low back pain (LBP), resulting in poor functional outcomes. Thus, several studies have proposed numerous surgical techniques that can minimize damage to the paraspinal muscles, particularly unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression. The purpose of this study is to compare the degree of postoperative LBP, functional outcome, and quality of life of patients between bilateral decompression via unilateral laminotomy (BDUL; group U) and conventional laminectomy (CL; group C). Of 87 patients who underwent diagnostic and decompression surgery, 50 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were followed up for > 2 years were enrolled. The patients were asked to record their visual analog scale pain score after 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. BDUL was used for group U, whereas CL was used for group C. The patients were randomly divided based on one of the two techniques, and they were followed up for over 2 years. Functional outcomes were assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and SF-36. Operation time was significantly shorter in group U than in group C (p = 0.003). At 6, 12, and 24 months, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of spine-related pain (all p > 0.05). Functional outcomes using ODI and RMDQ and quality of life using SF-36 were not significantly different between the groups (all p > 0.05). Regarding single-level decompression for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, group U had the advantages of shorter operation time than group C, but not in terms of back pain, functional outcome, and quality of life.
OPUS versus Russian online GNSS data processing service

In the recent past, the information and analysis centre of Russia began providing GNSS static data processing operating in experimental mode. Since this service processes data in static mode only, ...
Dynamic Stresses in an Elastic Cylinder

Dynamic stresses in an arbitrarily thick elastic cylinder in an infinite elastic medium during the passage of plane, compressional, harmonically time-varying waves are investigated. Dynamic stresses around the cylinder in the elastic medium are also determined. Numerical results for two different cylinders with ratios of outer radius and inner radius ranging from 1.05 to 1.20 are presented in dimensionless form. It is demonstrated that the maximum dynamic stresses in both the cylinder and the medium are 10% to 20% higher than their corresponding static values. It is noted that the maximum values of dynamic stresses obtained under the harmonically varying waves are identical to the maximum values obtained under the step-pulse loading, both for the unlined cavity and for the thin-shell lining case. Thus, it is believed that the values presented in the paper can be used for design purposes.
Flip Chip Joining with Quaternary Low Melting Temperature Solder Bump Fabricated with Injection Molded Solder

Abstract IBM has developed and has been enhancing the injection molded solder (IMS) technology as an advanced solder bumping technology with flexible solder alloy composition applicable even to fin...
DLBricks: Composable Benchmark Generation to Reduce Deep Learning Benchmarking Effort on CPUs

The past few years have seen a surge of applying Deep Learning (DL) models for a wide array of tasks such as image classification, object detection, machine translation, etc. While DL models provide an opportunity to solve otherwise intractable tasks, their adoption relies on them being optimized to meet target latency and resource requirements. Benchmarking is a key step in this process but has been hampered in part due to the lack of representative and up-to-date benchmarking suites. This paper proposes DLBricks, a composable benchmark generation design that reduces the effort of developing, maintaining, and running DL benchmarks. DLBricks decomposes DL models into a set of unique runnable networks and constructs the original model's performance using the performance of the generated benchmarks. Since benchmarks are generated automatically and the benchmarking time is minimized, DLBricks can keep up-to-date with the latest proposed models, relieving the pressure of selecting representative DL models. We evaluate DLBricks using 50 MXNet models spanning 5 DL tasks on 4 representative CPU systems. We show that DLBricks provides an accurate performance estimate for the DL models and reduces the benchmarking time across systems (e.g. within 95% accuracy and up to 4.4× benchmarking time speedup on Amazon EC2 c5.xlarge).
Clinical and genetic characteristics of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency in a case

Objective To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (HCSD) in a case. Methods Clinical data of a child diagnosed with HCSD in Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University in August 2014 was retrospectively studied. The informed consent of the patient’s parents was obtained and the local ethical committee approval had been received. The child patient was female, 1 year and 6 months old. She was admitted to hospital because of vomiting along with diarrhea for 3 days and fever for 2 days. Her mental reaction was poor, and she had metabolic acidosis, but the treatment effect of correcting acidosis was poor. Urine organic acid test showed that the levels of 3-hydroxy isovaleric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 3-methyl crotonic acyl glycine, lactic acid and pyruvate in this child were higher than those in normal child. Mutations in holocarboxylase synthetase (HLCS) gene were detected using the second generation sequencing technology and then verified by Sanger. Results The second generation sequencing and Sanger verification showed that two heterozygous mutations, c.1080A>C and c.782delG, were found in exons of the HLCS gene in this child. c.1080A>C leads to amino acid change, that is p.R360S; and c.782delG leads to amino acid frameshift. The child patient's genetic mutations were inherited from her parents, c.1080A>C from her father and c.782delG from her mother. The clinical symptoms disappeared after targeted treatments. Conclusions HCSD lacks of specificity in clinical manifestations. The second generation and Sanger sequencing techniques can reveal HLCS gene mutations in child patient and then confirmed HCSD at the gene level. Key words: Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency; Holocarboxylase synthetase gene; Gene mutation
Review of transition of care literature: Epidermolysis bullosa-A paradigm for patients with complex dermatologic conditions.

Background Transition from pediatric to adult care is a critical component of health care for children with long-term needs. The characteristics of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) demand higher than average levels of provider support. There is consensus among health care professionals regarding the importance of transition; however, there is a scarcity of practical information regarding models for patients with EB. Objective To review transition of care programs in varying specialties. Highlight practical considerations to facilitate the development of programs for patients with EB and other complex dermatologic conditions. Methods Articles were identified via MEDLINE and EMBASE health literature databases and screened for relevance to transition of care. Results Various models for transition exist. A well-executed formal transition program, early introduction, interdisciplinary collaboration, and psychosocial support were themes associated with successful outcomes. Limitations Transition of care programs that have not been described in the literature are not reflected in this review. Conclusions Patients with EB have unique needs that affect transition and span expertise across traditional boundaries, such as dependency on others for daily skin care, failure to thrive, and risk of squamous cell carcinoma. Given the rarity of the disease, patients with EB will benefit from collaborative efforts to develop programs to optimize successful transition.
LIWCs the Same, Not the Same: Gendered Linguistic Signals of Performance and Experience in Online STEM Courses

Women are traditionally underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). While the representation of women in STEM classrooms has grown rapidly in recent years, it remains pedagogically meaningful to understand whether their learning outcomes are achieved in different ways than male students. In this study, we explored this issue through the lens of language in the context of an asynchronous online discussion forum. We applied Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) to examine linguistic features of students’ reflective posting in an online chemistry class at a four-year university. Our results suggest that cognitive linguistic features significantly predict the likelihood of passing the course and increases perceived sense of belonging. However, these results only hold true for female students. Pronouns and words relevant to social presence correlate with passing the course in different directions, and this mixed relationship is more polarized among male students. Interestingly, the linguistic features per se do not differ significantly between genders. Overall, our findings provide a more nuanced account of the relationship between linguistic signals of social/cognitive presence and learning outcomes. We conclude with implications for pedagogical interventions and system design to inclusively support learner success in online STEM courses.
Evaluation of the Incidence and Etiology of Unplanned Return to Operating Room Following Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures.

Background Distal radius fractures (DRF) are the most common upper extremity fractures in adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, causes, and independent predictors for unplanned return to the operating room (URTO) in a single institution within 90 days following distal radius open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Methods A retrospective study of 2933 consecutive patients from January 2015 to December 2019 who underwent distal radius ORIF was undertaken. Patients who returned to the operating room within 90 days of the index procedure were identified. Patients with planned return to the operating room for staged procedures were excluded, yielding a patient cohort of those with URTO. Demographic data, causes for reoperation, and final Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand DASH (QuickDASH) scores were collected. Results Overall, 45 patients had URTO (1.5%) occurring a mean of 44 (6-89) days from the index procedure. Reasons for reoperation included nerve complications (n = 14), loss of fixation (n = 11), hardware complications (n = 9), wound complications (n = 7), and tendon complications (n = 4). Neurologic reasons for return included carpal tunnel release (n = 13) and ulnar nerve decompression (n = 1). QuickDASH scores were higher for URTO compared with control cohort at the final follow-up (33 [range: 0-91] vs 14 [range: 0-100], P Conclusions Mechanical hardware failure and neurologic symptoms were the most common reasons for URTO after distal fracture ORIF.
The declining wealth of the middle class, 1983–2016

This article considers trends in wealth at the middle and top of the distribution, with a particular focus on the period around the Great Recession. It illustrates that leverage rates of middle class families relative to high‐wealth families were beneficial to relative rates of return of middle class families for most periods since 1983 but was extremely detrimental during the Great Recession. It also considers the savings rates over time among high‐wealth and middle class families, showing that dissaving slowed the recovery in wealth—especially among the middle class. Differential leverage was also a key factor explaining wealth inequality trends.
Computer vision applications in construction: Current state, opportunities & challenges

Abstract Thousands of images and videos are collected from construction projects during construction. These contain valuable data that, if harnessed efficiently, can help automate or at least reduce human effort in diverse construction management activities such as progress monitoring, safety management, quality control and productivity tracking. Extracting meaningful information from images requires the development of technology and algorithms that enable computers to understand digital images or videos, replicating the functionality of human visual systems. This is the goal of computer vision. This review aims at providing an updated and categorized overview of computer vision applications in construction by examining the recent developments in the field and identifying the opportunities and challenges that future research needs to address to fully leverage the potential benefits of Computer Vision. We restrict the focus to four areas that can benefit the most from computer vision - Safety Management, Progress Monitoring, Productivity Tracking and Quality Control.
Deltaic depositional controls on Clinton Sandstone reservoirs, Senecaville gas field, Guernsey County, Ohio

Significant reserves of oil and gas remain undiscovered in well-explored cratonic basins for several reasons. First, depositional sequences are relatively thin, often below seismic resolution, due to low subsidence rates in these basins. This can decrease the size and continuity of sandstone reservoirs, resulting in small and complex stratigraphic traps. Second, the stratigraphic detail necessary to delineate sandstone bodies requires a significant amount of well control. Finally, much of the exploration in these basins was done very early in the life of the oil industry and proceeded without the benefit of a depositional systems approach. This chapter presents methods and conclusions found useful in oil and gas development of sandstone reservoirs in a thin cratonic delta system in the Appalachian basin.
Determination of the collisional energy transfer distribution responsible for the collision-induced dissociation of NO2 with Ar

Abstract Collisional energy transfer is an essential aspect of chemical reactivity and maintenance of thermal equilibrium. Here we report the shape (energy-dependence) of the collisional energy transfer probability function for collisions of vibrationally excited NO2 entrained in a molecular beam and photoexcited to within 40 cm−1 of its dissociation threshold. The internally excited molecules undergo collisions with Ar atoms in a crossed beam apparatus. Dissociative collisions rapidly produce the NO(J) fragment, which is observed by velocity-mapped ion imaging and REMPI techniques. The measured collisional energy transfer function is obtained via energy conservation and is compared with the results of classical trajectory calculations. Good agreement between the theory and experiment is found for collisions that transfer small amounts of energy, but the theory predicts a higher likelihood of energetic collisions than is observed experimentally. We explore possible explanations for this discrepancy in the dynamics of the collision excitation process.
Origin of the zero-resistance anomaly in heavy fermion superconducting CeIrIn 5 : A clue from magnetic-field and Rh-doping studies

We present the results of the specific heat and ac magnetic susceptibility measurements of ${\mathrm{CeIr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Rh}}_{x}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ for x from 0 to 0.5. As x is increased from zero both quantities reflect the competition between two effects. The first is a suppression of superconductivity below the bulk transition temperature of ${T}_{c}=0.4 \mathrm{K},$ which is due to the pair breaking effect of Rh impurities. The second is an increase in the volume fraction of the superconducting regions above ${T}_{c},$ which we attribute to defect-induced strain. Analysis of the $H\ensuremath{-}T$ phase diagram for ${\mathrm{CeIrIn}}_{5}$ obtained from the bulk probes and resistance measurements points to the filamentary origin of the inhomogeneous superconductivity at ${T}_{\ensuremath{\rho}}\ensuremath{\approx}1.2 \mathrm{K},$ where the resistance drops to zero. The identical anisotropies in the magnetic field dependence of the specific heat and the resistance anomalies in ${\mathrm{CeIrIn}}_{5}$ indicate that the filamentary superconductivity is intrinsic, involving electrons from the part of the Fermi surface responsible for bulk superconductivity.
The Cytology of Mammalian Epidermis and Sebaceous Glands

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the cytology of the epidermis and of the sebaceous glands. Mammalian epidermis is composed of two principal layers: an inner stratum germinativum, which rests upon the dermis, and a horny superficial layer, the stratum corneum. The thickness of the epidermis is variable in different mammals and in different parts of the body of the same animals. In man it is relatively thick. The cells of the basal layer in human epidermis send into the dermis a number of delicate protoplasmic processes, which provide a close union between the dermis and the epidermis. The cells of the basal layer are separated from the corium by a poorly defined basement membrane. The epidermis often shows lipid granules in the intercellular spaces. Lipids in the stratum corneum are derived from three sources: (1) intrinsically from lipophanerosis in epidermal cells, (2) from the secretion of sebaceous glands, and (3) from the secretion of sweat.
Thermodynamics of Homogeneous Processes

It is often claimed that while mechanics is a mathematical theory, ther modynamics is a physical one. Although this distinction is confirmed by the usual treatments of the two subjects, it is historical only, in no way intrinsic to the regions of experience to which the two names refer. Every aspect of nature may be approached by poetry or experiment as well as by reason, and indeed such is the usual order in history. The moon was first conceived as the home of a goddess who controlled its motion as well as participating in other and less regular ways in human and superhuman affairs; later, the goddess was banished, replaced by great tables of precisely observed spherical co-ordinates, which baffled all attempts to reduce them to reason; and only after another thousand years were those piles of numbers shown, at last, to be only slightly inaccurate corollaries of the formulaef= ma, f = m1m2G/r2 andL = (Iω)·. The discovery of these formulae and the development of their consequences to the point of predicting the lunar motion destroyed the value neither of Diana nor of telescopic observation, but it did suggest that other aspects of that goddess were more important than her guidance of the moon, and it did leave the gazers into telescopes free to concentrate on properties of the moon more interesting than its spherical co-ordinates.
Colon visualization using shape preserving flattening

Virtual colonoscopy is a well-known screening modality for colon cancer, and virtual colon flattening techniques have been proposed to map the 3D surface to the 2D domain. Performing this flattening with conformal geometry allows for the local shapes to be preserved. We explore here how these shape preserving flattened maps can be used for visualization of the colon and to enhance the VC environment. Our discussion focuses on two types of use of the flattened colon, using the flattened mesh alone and using it with integration into the 3D endoluminal view. For the mesh alone, flattened views can be generated using volume rendering to attain the same image quality present in a typical view. When integrated with the 3D endoluminal view, the flattened mesh can be used to assist in navigation through a colon, or in acquiring corresponding view points in two scans if there is a one-to-one and onto mapping between two flattened meshes.
A Grounded Approach to Citizenship Education: Local Interplays Between Government Institutions, Adult Schools, and Community Events in Sacramento, California

Following a grounded, bottom-up approach to language policy (Blommaert 2009; Canagarajah 2005; McCarty, 2011; Ramanathan, 2005), this paper investigates available resources and discourses of citizenship in Sacramento, California to those situated within the citizenship infrastructure. It analyzes how the discursive framing of local and national educational policies affects prospective citizens and the ways that resources and discourses differ across educational sites. These sites include a government field office, citizenship classes at adult schools and community centers, and a law school-sponsored citizenship fair. This article argues that adult schools and community events introduce their own de facto and de jure policies, in conjunction with top-down governmental policies, that tend to reduce the complexity of naturalization at the expense of full participation. Both top-down and bottom-up educational policies consequently affect prospective citizens’ understanding and enactment of citizenship.
Synaptic circuitry of physiologically identified W-cells in the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

The cat's retinogeniculocortical system is comprised of at least 3 parallel pathways, the W-, X-, and Y-cell pathways. Prior studies, particularly at the level of the lateral geniculate nucleus, have focused on X- and Y-cells. In the present study, we describe the synaptic inputs for 2 geniculate W-cells from the parvocellular C- laminae after these neurons were physiologically identified and intracellularly labeled with HRP. For each of the W-cells, we examined electron micrographs taken from over 500 consecutive thin sections; we reconstructed the entire soma plus roughly 15% of the dendritic arbor and determined the pattern of synaptic inputs to these reconstructed regions of each neuron. In several ways, each W-cell exhibits a similar pattern of synaptic inputs. First, we estimate that each W-cell receives approximately 3000–4000 synaptic contacts, which occur most densely on dendrites 50–150 microns from each soma. Second, axosomatic contacts are extremely rare, and most derive from terminals with flattened or pleomorphic vesicles (F terminals). Third, terminals with round vesicles, large profiles, and pale mitochondria (RLP terminals), which are presumed to be retinal terminals, form only about 2–4% of all synapses onto these W-cells; these synapses occur on proximal dendrites. Fourth, F terminals, which provide roughly 15–20% of all synaptic input to these cells, occupy the same region of proximal dendritic arbor as do the RLP terminals. Fifth, and finally, terminals with round vesicles, small profiles, and dark mitochondria (RSD terminals) provide the majority of synapses along all portions of the dendritic arbor. Compared with geniculate X- and Y-cells of the A- laminae (Wilson et al., 1984), these W-cells are innervated by fewer synapses overall and, in particular, by dramatically fewer synapses from RLP (or retinal) terminals. This paucity of direct retinal input to geniculate W-cells might explain the remarkably poor responsiveness of these neurons to visual stimuli and to electrical activation of the optic chiasm.
Stephan's Quintet Revisited

VLA observations at 1465 MHz of the Stephan’s Quintet region reveal that the arc-shaped area of emission discussed by Allen and Hartsuiker (1972) breaks up into several components. The idea that NGC 7318b is a recent interloper in the group and that the interaction resulting from this event causes the enhanced activity at the east side of NGC 7318b is adopted as still the most reasonable explanation. The results are discussed in more detail in another paper (van der Hulst and Rots, 1981).
Taking the “I” out of IPF

This issue of the European Respiratory Journal contains a comprehensive review by Kropski et al. [1] that supports a genetic basis for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and encourages us to think differently about this perplexing disease. The data linking inherited factors to disease development suggest that “idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis” is a misnomer
INCORPORATION OF NUCLEOTIDES INTO NUCLEI OF FIXED CELLS BY DNA POLYMERASE

The enzyme calf thymus polymerase requires denatured or single-stranded DNA as a primer for DNA synthesis and is inactive on native DNA preparations. The enzyme and tritium-labeled deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were incubated with alcohol-fixed and Carnoy-fixed tissue preparations to see if primer DNA could be found in several types of cells undergoing DNA synthesis. In all cases, low-pH controls were prepared for comparison. Priming activity was not found in nuclei that had been fixed in alcohol. Priming activity was found in cell nuclei that had been fixed with an acid fixative or had been treated at a low pH prior to treatment with the enzyme reaction mixture.
Cache oblivious stencil computations

We present a cache oblivious algorithm for stencil computations, which arise for example in finite-difference methods. Our algorithm applies to arbitrary stencils in n-dimensional spaces. On an "ideal cache" of size Z, our algorithm saves a factor of Θ(Z1/n) cache misses compared to a naive algorithm, and it exploits temporal locality optimally throughout the entire memory hierarchy.
Base profile design for high-performance operation of bipolar transistors at liquid-nitrogen temperature

Measurements of thin epitaxial-base polysilicon-emitter n-p-n transistors with increasing base doping show the effects of bandgap narrowing, mobility changes, and carrier freezeout. At room temperature the collector current at low injection is proportional to the integrated base charge, independent of the impurity distribution. At temperatures below 150 K, however, minority injection is dominated by the peak base doping because of the greater effectiveness of bandgap narrowing. When the peak doping in the base approaches 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/, the bandgap difference between emitter and base is sufficiently small that the current gain no longer monotonically decreases with lower temperature but instead shows a maximum as low as 180 K. The device design window appears limited at the low-current end by increased base-emitter leakage due to tunneling and by resistance control at the high-current end. Using the measured DC characteristics, circuit delay calculations are made to estimate the performance of an emitter-coupled logic ring oscillator at room and liquid-nitrogen temperatures. It is shown that if the base doping can be raised to 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ while keeping the base thickness constant, the minimum delay at liquid-nitrogen temperature can approach the delay of optimized devices at room temperature. >
Metastasizing extra-adrenal paraganglioma with neurological signs in four dogs

Extra-adrenal paragangliomas associated with vertebral pain and clinical neurological abnormalities as a result of metastasis to the vertebral column were diagnosed in four dogs of different breeds by light microscopy. All were males (two intact and two neutered) aged 8 years. Metastatic neoplasms occurred as extradural masses with associated bone lysis at vertebrae C4 (2 cases), T12-L1 (1 case) and L4 (1 case). The neoplastic cells exhibited similar morphology with little variation between cases. All neoplasms showed cytoplasmic granules after staining with the Churukian-Schenk modification of the Pascual argyrophil stain for neurosecretory granules or for membrane bound electron-dense granules (dense-core granules). On immunohistochemical examination the neoplastic cells gave positive results for neuron-specific enolase and negative results for chromogranin and epithelial membrane antigen. Multiple organ metastasis and metastasis to bone have been reported previously, but these cases were unusual due to the involvement of the spine as an apparent predilection site for metastasis, and the sex (male) and age of the animals affected.
Beach-fire burns in San Diego County

In September and October 1986, seven patients were burned in beach fires in San Diego County; this prompted us to review our past patients who suffered beach-fire burns. A review of our registry revealed an additional 15 patients who had been burned in beach fires in the past 2 years. Four such cases are summarized, and common features are described.
Juno, a constraint-based graphics system

Juno is a system that harmoniously integrates a language for describing pictures with a what-you-see-is-what-you-get image editor. Two of Juno's novelties are that geometric constraints are used to specify locations, and that the text of a Juno program is modified in response to the interactive editing of the displayed image that the program produces.