cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Near Point of Convergence After a Sport-Related Concussion Measurement Reliability and Relationship to Neurocognitive Impairment and Symptoms

Background:Convergence insufficiency (CI) is a common binocular vision deficit after a sport-related concussion (SRC). CI may result in visual discomfort and vision-mediated functional difficulties such as slowed reading and compromised attention, leading to impaired academic, work, and sport performance.Purpose:To test the reliability of repeated near point of convergence (NPC) measurements in a sample of athletes after an SRC; compare the symptoms and cognitive impairment of athletes with normal NPC to those with CI after an SRC; and explore the relationship among age, sex, learning disability, migraine history, and CI.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A total of 78 athletes (mean age, 14.31 ± 2.77 years) who were seen a mean 5.79 ± 5.63 days after an SRC were administered 3 trials of an NPC assessment, along with neurocognitive (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]) and symptom assessments. Patients were divided into normal NPC (NPC ≤5 cm; n...
Parental Behaviors and Social Life

Webspinners (Embioptera) of all life stages live gregariously in a series of chambers constructed from silk spun from glands in the forelegs of adults. Male and female Geotrupes dung beetles dig a burrow in the soil together and store dung for their larva, which is tended for most of its life by the female. Certain earwig females (Dermaptera) lay their eggs in burrows and guard them until they hatch.
The Friends and Family Plan: Assessing the Impact of Knowing Someone Gay on Support for Gay Rights

Objective. I estimate the impact of knowing someone gay on acceptance of homosexuality and support for gay rights. Method. Logit analyses on individual-level data from 27 national surveys control for demographic and political variables that predict both acquaintance with lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and support for gay rights. Findings. Knowing LGBs affects beliefs on the morality of homosexual relations, employment discrimination, gays in the military, sodomy laws, and same-sex marriage. Conclusion. Coming out remains an important strategy in the battle for gay rights.
Joint regularization for spectro-temporal CT reconstruction

X-ray CT is widely used, both clinically and preclinically, for fast, high-resolution, anatomic imaging; however, compelling opportunities exist to expand its use in functional imaging applications. For instance, spectral information combined with nanoparticle contrast agents enables quantification of tissue perfusion levels, while temporal information details cardiac and respiratory dynamics. In previous work, we proposed and demonstrated a projection acquisition and reconstruction strategy for 5D CT (3D + dual-energy + time) which recovered spectral and temporal information without substantially increasing radiation dose or sampling time relative to anatomic imaging protocols. The approach relied on the approximate separability of the temporal and spectral reconstruction sub-problems, which enabled substantial projection undersampling and effective regularization. Here, we extend this previous work to more general, nonseparable 5D CT reconstruction cases (3D + muti-energy + time) with applicability to K-edge imaging of exogenous contrast agents. We apply the newly proposed algorithm in phantom simulations using a realistic system and noise model for a photon counting x-ray detector with six energy thresholds. The MOBY mouse phantom used contains realistic concentrations of iodine, gold, and calcium in water. Relative to weighted least-squares reconstruction, the proposed 5D reconstruction algorithm improved reconstruction and material decomposition accuracy by 3-18 times. Furthermore, by exploiting joint, low rank image structure between time points and energies, ~80 HU of contrast associated with the Kedge of gold and ~35 HU of contrast associated with the blood pool and myocardium were recovered from more than 400 HU of noise.
Cascaded plasmonic metamaterials for phase-controlled enhancement of nonlinear absorption and refraction

The nonlinear optical properties of plasmon resonant metamaterials consisting of chains of metal nanoparticles are evaluated. Introducing particle size differences along the chains leads to the development of cascaded plasmon resonances exhibiting increased field enhancement and field confinement. The interplay among the different resonances on the structures induces a frequency-dependent enhancement of the nonlinear refractive and absorptive response of the metamaterial, ultimately providing larger nonlinear susceptibility enhancement factors with engineered complex phase. It is shown that cascaded structures can provide a figure of merit for nonlinear absorption that is more than an order of magnitude larger than that obtained in noncascaded structures. The presented approach could lead to new planar and integrated nonlinear optical modulation and switching media with improved performance compared to their noncascaded counterparts.
A Parametric Study of Active Control of Hydrodynamic Forces over a Cylinder using Fluidic Actuators

Vortex shedding past a bluff body causes fluctuating forces on the structure leading to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). We develop a POD-based reduced-order model of the flow past a circular cylinder using flow snapshots obtained from two-dimensional simulations. The reduced-order model is then modified to apply a control strategy using a control function method. We introduce suction through fluidic actuators placed symmetrically close to flow separation points. We design a full-state feedback controller using the reducedorder model and compute appropriate gains to reduce the hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder. We then use fluidic actuation obtained from the controller in the CFD simulation and observe suppression of vortex shedding. To verify the performance of the controller, we use the same controller at different Reynolds numbers and compare the lift and drag forces on the cylinder.
Application of VIDAS and VITEK32 to Food Examination

Objective To study a rapid method in food examination. Methods VIDAS and VITEK32 were used to detect Salmonella and Listeria in food and the results were compared by international standard method. Results 11 Salmonella strains out of 257 samples,were detected by VIDAS method;8 by international standard method.17 Listeria strains out of 257 samples,were detected by VIDAS method;10 by international standard method.9 Salmonella strains and 12 Listeria strains were detected by VIDAS plus VITEK32 method. Conclusion The sensitivity rate of VIDAS is very good.The detection veracity of VITEK32 is very good.The rate of detection by VIDAS plus VITEK32 method is higher than that of international standard method.
The Experience of Disaster Response in Sri Lanka: From Reaction to Planning the Future

Humanitarian work after a natural disaster is a heavily resource dependent and often difficult but highly rewarding work. In certain situations, like after the tsunami in Sri Lanka many of the medical problems come weeks to months afterward. Furthermore, the devastated countries may need infrastructure and system improvement more than they need acute medical care. Surgeons can play a vital role in this process. This chapter discusses how a medical mission team can help a ravaged country like Sri Lanka recover after a natural disaster.
Chylous Ascites Following Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy for Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis

AbstractWe report on an infant with chylous ascites following retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for granulosa cell tumor of the testis. Granulosa cell tumor of the testis is an extremely rare lesion, with only 8 cases reported previously, including 1 in an infant. Chylous ascites is a rare problem in children and it has been reported in only 92 cases. The options for management of this difficult problem are discussed.
High-throughput purification of hexahistidine-tagged proteins expressed in E. coli.

Author(s): Murphy, Michael B.; Doyle, Sharon A. | Abstract: Large collections of purified proteins have become essential to systems biology programs for generating protein ligands and for validating protein interactions. These large protein collections will likewise benefit structural studies, and quests for protein-based therapeutics. Whether many protein targets need to be produced, such as a microbial proteome, or a few poorly expressing protein targets need to be expressed as soluble fragments (divide and conquer approach), efficient high-throughput processing can be a bottleneck (1). This chapter describes a method for efficient high-throughput purification of hexahistidine-tagged proteins that are expressed in Eschericia coli (E. coli) using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) (2) in a 96-well format. This approach is particularly suitable for proteomic applications that require modest amounts of highly purified proteins to be generated very efficiently. This approach is also very useful for identifying protein targets that are most amenable to scaled-up production for use in structural studies. The typical yield of proteins purified using this system is 50 150 micrograms, which is generally greater than that of many in vitro expression systems and much less costly. The method as described has been optimized for purifying approximately 150 micrograms of hexahistidine-tagged protein, but the method is flexible so that the amount of affinity matrix and culture volumes can be adjusted for optimal binding capacity and consequently highest purity. Although the method detailed here uses IMAC to purify hexahistidine-tagged proteins, this basic platform can be used with many other tags and affinity resins.
The kinetics of organic anion excretion by the liver in acute intermittent porphyria.

1. The kinetics of disappearance from the blood of three organic anions were studied in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Indocyanine green (ICG) and [ 14 C]bilirubin were cleared normally in this disease, whereas bromsulphthalein (BSP) was cleared at less than the normal rate. The first exponential component of the BSP clearance curve was normal in acute intermittent porphyria, but the second exponential component declined less rapidly than in normals. The abnormality was greater in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients, but both groups were significantly different from normals. 2. The data are discussed in terms of a previously published model of BSP metabolism. The findings suggest normal BSP uptake initially by the liver with increased regurgitation of dye into the blood and decreased excretion of BSP from the liver cell into the bile. 3. In contrast to human acute intermittent porphyria, plasma clearance of BSP was greatly increased in experimental porphyria. This was associated with an increased level of BSP conjugating enzyme in the liver in experimental porphyria. 4. The BSP retention in acute intermittent porphyria, along with certain other findings, raises the question of the existence of an ‘oestrogen effect’ in this disease, but further studies will be required to determine whether the mechanism of BSP retention is identical to that produced by oestrogen.
Using Participant-Observation to Study Urban Neighborhoods

The urban neighborhood, long of interest to city planners and sociologists, has in recent years become of increasing concern to public policy makers. The reasons have been painfully obvious: The urban riots of the 1960s, the continued ethnic and racial changes in the city, and the feared abandonment of the central city have all had their greatest impact at the neighborhood level.
The Internal Structure and Propagation of Magnetohydrodynamical Thermonuclear Flames

We present general equations for non-ideal, reactive flow magnetohydrodynamics (RFMHD) in the form best suited for describing thermonuclear combustion in high-density degenerate matter of SNe Ia. The relative importance of various non-ideal effects is analyzed as a function of characteristic spatial and temporal scales of the problem. From the general RFMHD equations, we derive the one-dimensional ordinary differential equations describing the steady-state propagation of a planar thermonuclear flame front in a magnetic field. The physics of the flame is first studied qualitatively using a simple case of one-step Arrhenius kinetics, a perfect gas equation of state (EOS), and constant thermal conductivity coefficients. After that, the equations are solved, the internal flame front structure is calculated, and the flame velocity, S l , and flame thickness, δ l , are found for carbon–oxygen degenerate material of supernovae using a realistic EOS, transport properties, and detailed nuclear kinetics. The magnetic field changes the flame behavior significantly, both qualitatively and quantitatively, as compared to the non-magnetic case of classical combustion. (1) The magnetic field influences the evolutionarity of a flame front and makes it impossible for a flame to propagate steadily in a wide range of magnetic field strengths and orientations relative to the front. (2) When the flame moves steadily, it can propagate in several distinct modes, the most important being the slow C S and super-Alfvenic C sup modes. (3) The speed of the flame can be diminished or enhanced by up to several factors relative to the non-magnetic laminar flame speed.
Galectins and Other Endogenous Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins of Animal Bladder

Defects in the glycocalyx of the bladder epithelium may be related to the opment of bladder diseases including interstitial cystitis which is a chronic bladder e of unknown etiology. Indirect evidence has implicated alterations in the bladder elial glycoconjugates in interstitial cystitis and vesicaler instillation of aminoglycans is promoted as treatments. However, information on the nature of the onjugates of the bladder epithelium and lectins that may interact with the exogenous ed glycoconjugates is very limited. We have examined the endogenous lectin ated with bladder epithelium by immunohistochemistry using biotinylated ycoconjugates. The strong calcium-independent binding of β-D-galactose probe sted the presence of galectins in rabbit and human bladder. Extracts of rabbit er organ cultures metabolically labeled with [14cJ-amino acids were subjected to y chromatography on immobilized lactose and the specifically bound material eluted 0.2 M lactose. SDS-PAGE of the recovered proteins revealed a major band of ximately 30 kDa and a minor band of 21 kDa. Polymerase chain reaction and rn blot analysis showed that both galectin-3 and galectin-4 are expressed in rabbit r. Since galectin-3 from rabbit had been previously cloned, we cloned and ced galectin-4 from rabbit bladder. The deduced full length sequence of 328 amino evealed four distinct regions; a N-terminal peptide of 19 residues, two carbohydrate recognition domains of 130 residues each, and a linker region of 49 residues. Comparison of the rabbit galectin-4 sequence with those of human, pig, rat, and mouse revealed two invariant peptide motifs that are proposed as signature sequences for identifying related galectins. recognition domains of 130 residues each, and a linker region of 49 residues. Comparison
Reframing the Common: Race, Coloniality, and Pedagogy

Recent scholarship in cultural studies and philosophy has exposed the whiteness that works through familiar conceptions of politics and democracy. Contemporary notions of the common, as they have been articulated in (post-)Marxist and radical-democratic idioms, need to be confronted by the same interrogations. Considering the epistemological standpoint from which theorizations of the common and radical democracy are articulated, I argue that they fail to adequately confront the colonial problematics toward which they gesture. In response, I propose a notion of the common grounded in an ethical and epistemological responsibility to the oppressed and excluded, and analytically centered on the ontologies of race that articulate capitalist modernity. A passageway into this decolonial common can be found in the context of pedagogy, since teaching opens up terrains of confrontation and dialogue that are the condition of solidarity.
Direct transesterification of spent coffee grounds for biodiesel production

Abstract Studies of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) as a potential biodiesel feedstock in recent years mostly started from solvent extraction to obtain coffee oil, and then converted it into coffee biodiesel in two steps, acid esterification followed by alkaline transesterification. This paper presents a direct transesterification (in situ) method that produces biodiesel from SCGs without the need for oil extraction and esterification steps. Prior to the direct transesterification, SCGs were impregnated with sulfuric acid as the catalyst for subsequent direct transesterification, and moisture was removed from the impregnated SCGs. The effects of H2SO4 concentration, reaction time, and reaction temperature on biodiesel yield were investigated. The coffee biodiesel yield (wt.% of dried SCGs) reached 17.08 ± 0.70 wt.% under the optimal condition of 70 °C, 20 wt.% sulfuric acid and 12-h reaction time, which was equivalent to an oil-to-biodiesel conversion rate of 98.61 wt.%. 28.87 ml methanol/g oil was used in the in situ method. Compositional analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) indicated that C16:0 (methyl palmitate) and C18:2 (methyl linoleate) were the major components of the coffee biodiesel.
Radiology resident selection: Objective Restructured Interview to assess five essential attributes.

Like in other medical fields, candidates seeking a career in Radiology requires special skills and aptitudes. Selecting candidates for radiology residency is made difficult by the fact that many of the essential qualities predictive of a good radiology consultant, such as interpersonal skills, recognition of limits, curiosity, conscientiousness, and confidence level, are “non-cognitive”, and thus difficult to assess. This paper describes the selection procedure developed by the Department of Radiology of Baylor College of Medicine to measure, as objectively as possible, both the cognitive and non-cognitive qualities of candidates, based on a combination of traditional screening and Objective Structured Interviews. This paper highlights efficacy of this selection procedure that includes both cognitive and non-cognitive factors, that is relevant also to other medical specialities.
Saccharification of Agricultural Lignocellulose Feedstocks and Protein-Level Responses by a Termite Gut-Microbe Bioreactor

This study investigated saccharification and protein-level responses to the candidate biofuel feedstocks corn stover (CS) and soybean residue (SR) by the gut of a lower termite. The focus termite in this work was Reticulitermes flavipes, which is a highly efficient lignocellulose digester that houses a mixture of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes in its gut. Our specific objectives were to (i) measure saccharification potential of the CS and SR feedstocks by termite gut protein extracts, (ii) identify specific proteins in the termite gut responding to feeding on CS and SR diets, and (iii) evaluate gut lignocellulase and accessory enzyme activity responses to CS and SR feeding. Cellulose paper was the control diet. Although CS was saccharified at higher levels, termite gut protein extracts saccharified both CS and SR irrespective of feedstock loading. Consumption of the CS and SR feedstocks by termites resulted in surprisingly few differences in gut protein profiles, with the main exception being elevated myosin abundance with SR feeding. Activity of potential lignocellulases and accessory enzymes was generally similar between CS and SR fed guts as well; however, cellobiohydrolase/exoglucanase activity was higher with CS feeding and glutathione peroxidase activity with SR feeding. These findings have significance from two perspectives. First, SR feeding / digestion appears to cause physiological stress in the termite gut that likely would extend to other types of microbial environments including those within industrial bioreactors. Second, because termites can survive on exclusive CS and SR diets and their guts exhibit clear CS and SR saccharification activity, this validates the R. flavipes system as a potential source for CS and SR degrading enzymes; in particular, cellobiohydrolases/exoglucanases and glutathione peroxidases from this system appear to play roles in CS and SR breakdown.
Eluxadoline in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: rationale, evidence and place in therapy

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) disorder worldwide, however treatment options for diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) remain limited. Eluxadoline, a µ- and κ-opioid receptor agonist and δ-opioid receptor antagonist, was recently approved for the treatment of IBS-D. A novel compound first described in 2008, eluxadoline was shown to normalize GI transit, with a subsequent phase I demonstrating its safety and tolerability in healthy adults. In 2016, two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trials studying eluxadoline use at 75 mg and 100 mg twice daily over 26 weeks demonstrated a significant improvement in stool consistency and many global symptoms of IBS. However, the data did not demonstrate a significant advantage over placebo using the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) endpoints for abdominal pain. Safety and tolerability data, pooled from both phase II and III studies, suggest that eluxadoline is generally well tolerated with the most common adverse events (AEs) occurring in approximately 3-8% of patients and included nausea, constipation, and abdominal pain. The most common serious adverse event (SAE) is pancreatitis, which had a 0.4% incidence. Recent US FDA reports reporting severe pancreatitis and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction after short-term use of eluxadoline in patients without a gallbladder has added a history of cholecystectomy as an important contraindication. Eluxadoline is also contraindicated in patients with a history of biliary duct obstruction, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, active alcohol abuse, history of pancreatitis or known pancreatic duct obstruction, severe hepatic impairment, severe or chronic constipation, or known mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction. As a new drug to enter the IBS-D market, the place of eluxadoline in the hierarchy of IBS treatments is still to be determined. In this article, we review the development and clinical trial data behind the approval of eluxadoline with a focus on safety data and its use in clinical practice.
Assessing Intentional Resume Deception: Development and Nomological Network of a Resume Fraud Measure

Resume fraud is pervasive and has detrimental consequences, but researchers lack a way to study it. We develop and validate a measure for empirically investigating resume misrepresentations purposely designed to mislead recruiters. In study 1, an initial set of items designed to measure three theorized resume fraud dimensions (fabrication, embellishment, omission) are rated for content validity. In study 2, job seekers complete the measure and its factor structure is evaluated. In study 3, another sample of job seekers is surveyed to verify the measure’s factor structure and to provide evidence regarding construct validity. In study 4, working adults who recently conducted a job search are surveyed to determine which individuals are more likely to commit resume fraud and whether resume fraud relates to critical work behaviors. We confirm the three-factor structure of our measure and offer evidence of construct validity by showing that socially desirable responding, Machiavellianism, moral identity, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and agreeableness are related to resume fraud. Additionally, we find that resume fraud predicts reduced job performance and increased workplace deviance beyond deceptive interviewing behavior. Resume fraud is rarely studied despite the negative impact it can have on job-related outcomes. Researchers can use this measure to explore further the antecedents and outcomes of resume fraud and to advise recruiters on how to minimize it. We develop a measure focusing on intentional resume misrepresentations designed to deceive recruiters. This is one of the first studies to examine the antecedents and outcomes of resume fraud.
White Privilege in a White Coat: How Racism Shaped my Medical Education

In this essay, I reflect on some of the ways racial privilege influenced my experience as a white physician in training. While white Americans often think of “racism” as a social construct primarily affecting people of color, “racism” is a system of both racial disadvantage as well as reciprocal racial advantage. Medical professionals are increasingly aware of how social determinants of health lead to important health disparities, however white physicians seldom ask how their own racial privilege reinforces a white supremacist culture and what effects this may have on our patients’ health. Drawing attention to the powerful legacy of racial discrimination in medical institutions, I call on other white physicians to name their privilege in order to dismantle the systems that propagate racism in our profession.
Response of reptile and amphibian communities to the reintroduction of fire in an oak/hickory forest

Abstract Fire can have diverse effects on ecosystems, including direct effects through injury and mortality and indirect effects through changes to available resources within the environment. Changes in vegetation structure such as a decrease in canopy cover or an increase in herbaceous cover from prescribed fire can increase availability of preferred microhabitats for some species while simultaneously reducing preferred conditions for others. We examined the responses of herpetofaunal communities to prescribed fires in an oak/hickory forest in western Kentucky. Prescribed fires were applied twice to a 1000-ha area one and four years prior to sampling, causing changes in vegetation structure. Herpetofaunal communities were sampled using drift fences, and vegetation attributes were sampled via transects in four burned and four unburned plots. Differences in reptile community structure correlated with variation in vegetation structure largely created by fires. Amphibian community structure differed on a yearly basis, indicating that sampled communities were likely influenced by environmental factors other than the burning. We found taxa-specific differences in abundances for Coluber constrictor, Diadophis punctatus, Sceloporus undulatus, Lithobates clamitans and snakes as a group, being more abundant in burned areas while Anaxyrus sp., Notophthalmus viridescens and Plethodon glutinosus were more abundant in unburned areas. Differences in amphibian taxa abundances may have been influenced by availability of aquatic breeding habitat and yearly weather variation. Our results suggest that the vegetation structure changes caused by prescribed fire can have indirect impacts on reptile abundances and community structure, while not significantly impacting amphibian communities.
Genetics of Parkinson Disease and Related Diseases

Abstract Uncovering new genes involved in the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD) continues to move ahead at a rapid pace. Since the last edition of this book, the number of genes associated with the PARK designation has increased from 13 to 20. Genetic research has helped to expand the understanding of genetic mechanisms and disease pathways. The three greatest developments in the genetics of PD have been the elucidation of the roles of the α-synuclein gene (SCNA), LRRK2 and the risk gene, β-glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA). These genes have been shown to play major roles as risk factors for developing PD. Ongoing research has expanded the phenotypes of all PARK loci, as well as that of related diseases. This chapter covers the genetics of PD and the various Parkinson-plus syndromes, multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and frontotemporal degeneration (FTD).
The Queer Aesthetics of Tom Ford’s Film Adaptations: A Single Man and Nocturnal Animals

This essay explores the queer aesthetics of Tom Ford’s A Single Man (2009), an adaptation of Christopher Isherwood’s classic queer text (1964), and Nocturnal Animals (2016), an adaptation of Austin Wright’s heteronormative thriller Tony and Susan (1993). Neither film is a literal translation from one medium to another, but the essence of each novel is present in the respective adaptations. By examining Ford’s adaptation process, this chapter highlights how a gay-identified director uses cinematic grammar to create films that underscore both emotional connection and alienation—a queer aesthetic. Ford’s fascination with classic Hollywood cinema and his artistic sense as a queer filmmaker allow him to involve his audience in stories that speak to queer sensibilities but make them relevant to the general spectator.
How information systems came to rule the world: Reflections on the information systems field

Over some seven decades, a rather mundane transition that in its thoroughness and consequences has gone largely unacknowledged, has taken place, namely the revolution in modern information systems ...
Exposure therapy for children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder

Abstract Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common, impairing psychological disorder that generally onsets during adolescence. When not treated, SAD typically follows a chronic course into adulthood. Thus, effective intervention during childhood and adolescence is critical. Empirically supported interventions for SAD involve exposure to feared social and/or performance situations. The current chapter includes session-by-session guidelines for implementing exposure therapy in youth with SAD. Sessions 1 through 4 involve psychoeducation and skill building, while sessions 5 through 11 are focused on exposure practice. Session 12 addressed the maintenance of treatment gains and planning for the future. Interspersed within the session descriptions, a case example of treatment with a 13-year-old socially anxious adolescent is provided. In addition to step-by-step guidelines, the chapter includes a discussion of parental involvement in treatment, examples of how treatment strategies can be implemented flexibly, and techniques to address potential treatment challenges.
A Time-Resolved Cryo-EM Study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80S Ribosome Protein Composition in Response to a Change in Carbon Source.

The role of the ribosome in the regulation of gene expression has come into increased focus. It has been proposed that ribosomes are catalytic engines capable of changing their protein composition in response to environmental stimuli. We employed time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) techniques to identify quantitative changes in the protein composition and structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80S ribosomes after shifting the carbon source from glucose to glycerol. Using cryo-EM combined with our computational classification approach, we found that a fraction of the yeast cells' 80S ribosomes lack ribosomal proteins at the entrance and exit sites for tRNAs, including uL16(RPL10), eS1(RPS1), uS11(RPS14A/B)) and eS26(RPS26A/B). This fraction increased after a change from glucose to glycerol medium. Our quantitative structural analysis supports the hypothesis that ribosomes are dynamic complexes that alter their composition in response to changes in growth or environmental conditions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Medium Voltage SiC Flying Capacitor Converter and Modular Multilevel Converter

With the commercialization of wide-bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices, the design strategy of medium-voltage inverters has to change. This paper compares SiC MOSFET in two medium-voltage multilevel inverters: Flying Capacitor Converter (FCC) and Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC). Both topologies have a single DC source and floating capacitors. Capacitor selection and power loss analysis are compared and the simulation results of both topologies are presented. The result shows that FCC is superior in terms of power density because the capacitor size of the FCC is directly related to the switching frequency whereas the capacitor size of the MMC is related to AC line frequency. FCC also has fewer switching devices and capacitors, and better utilization of switching devices. On the other hand, the MMC has better modularity, lower capacitor current, lower total harmonic distortion (THD), and a more mature voltage-balance strategy. The efficiency of both topologies is comparable.
Resident perspectives on the value of interdisciplinary conference calls for geriatric patients

Background There are limited competency-based educational curricula for transitions of care education (TOC) for internal medicine (IM) residency programs. The University of Colorado implemented a virtual interdisciplinary conference call, TEAM (Transitions Expectation and Management), between providers on the inpatient Acute Care of the Elder (ACE) unit and the outpatient Seniors Clinic at the University of Colorado Hospital. Residents rotating on the ACE unit participated in weekly conferences discussing Seniors Clinic patients recently discharged, or currently hospitalized, to address clinical concerns pertaining to TOC. Our goals were to understand resident perceptions of the educational value of these conferences, and to determine if these experiences changed attitudes or practice related to care transitions. Methods We performed an Institutional Review Board-approved qualitative study of IM housestaff who rotated on the ACE unit during 2018-2019. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand perceptions of the value of TEAM calls for residents' own practice and the impact on patient care. Data was analyzed inductively, guided by thematic analysis. Results Of the 32 IM residents and interns who rotated on ACE and were invited to participate, 11 agreed to an interview. Three key themes emerged from interviews that highlighted residents' experiences identifying and navigating some of their educational 'blind spots:' 1) Awareness of patient social complexities, 2) Bridging gaps in communication across healthcare settings, 3) Recognizing the value of other disciplines during transitions. Conclusions This study highlights learner perspectives of the benefit of interdisciplinary conference calls between inpatient and outpatient providers to enhance transitions of care, which provide meaningful feedback and serve as a vehicle for residents to recognize the impact of their care decisions in the broader spectrum of patients' experience during hospital discharge. Educators can maximize the value of these experiences by promoting reflective debriefs with residents and bringing to light previously unrecognized knowledge gaps around hospital discharge.
Impact of sex differences on thrombin-induced hydrocephalus and white matter injury: the role of neutrophils

BACKGROUND Thrombin has been implicated in playing a role in hydrocephalus development following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). However, the mechanisms underlying the sex differences to the detrimental effects of thrombin post-IVH remain elusive. METHOD Three-month old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of 3U or 5U thrombin, or saline, to examine differences in thrombin-induced hydrocephalus and white matter injury. Mortality, and lateral ventricle volume and white matter injury were measured on magnetic resonance imaging evaluation at 24 h post-injection. In addition, male rats were pretreated with 17-β estradiol (E2, 5 mg/kg) or vehicle at 24 and 2 h prior to ICV injection of 3U thrombin. All rats were euthanized at 24 h post-injection for histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ICV injection of 5U thrombin caused 100 and 0% mortality in female and male rats, respectively. 3U of thrombin resulted in significant ventricular dilation and white matter damage at 24 h in both male and female rats, but both were worse in females (p < 0.05). Furthermore, neutrophil infiltration into choroid plexus and periventricular white matter was enhanced in female rats and may play a critical role in the sex difference in brain injury. Pre-treating male rats with E2, increased thrombin (3U)-induced hydrocephalus, periventricular white matter injury and neutrophil infiltration into the choroid plexus and white matter. CONCLUSIONS ICV thrombin injection induced more severe ventricular dilation and white matter damage in female rats compared to males. Estrogen appears to contribute to this difference which may involve greater neutrophil infiltration in females. Understanding sex differences in thrombin-induced brain injury may shed light on future interventions for hemorrhagic stroke.
Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Right Heart Catheterization

Hemodynamic assessment of the patient with pulmonary hypertension begins with a careful physical exam and is followed by several noninvasive tests and ultimately right heart catheterization. Proper interpretation of the considerable data that is generated by this process requires a firm working knowledge of the pulmonary circulation and right ventricle along with major factors that can affect pulmonary vascular tone and cardiac output. This chapter reviews normal cardiopulmonary physiology and provides an in depth approach to assessing pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary vascular disease. A detailed discussion of the physical exam and techniques used for transthoracic echocardiogram and right heart catheterization are provided along with a guide to interpreting their results. The skills and diagnostic approaches presented are necessary for the proper diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease and should be used to distinguish patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension from patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart failure or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Anthropic and Plaggen Epipedons: Products of Human Disturbance

A summary of the general requirements for diagnostic epipedons is given in Table 3.1. Epipedons are not to be confused with master soil horizons, such as the A horizon, as they may also include E and B horizons. It should also be noted that three additional terms are used for variations in epipedons, including thaptic, cumulic, and pachic. Thaptic is used strictly for Andisols where burial of mollic-like epipedons has occurred below a depth of 25 cm. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content of the thaptic horizon must be ≥3 %. The cumulic horizon is thick (>40 cm to >60 cm), may qualify as a mollic or umbric epipedon, and has an irregular decrease in SOC below 25 cm usually from tephra (volcanic ejecta) deposition. This horizon is used only in Gelisols, Inceptisols, and Mollisols. The pachic horizon may be umbric or mollic, is thick (≥40 to ≥60 cm), contains abundant SOC (≥6 %), and is used only in the Andisols, Inceptisols, and Mollisols.
Placing the Walls: 3-D modeling of Chicana/o murals in LA

Placing the Walls is a 3-D simulation model of the Estrada Courts Public Housing, located in East Los Angeles and known for its more than 60 murals that narrate the events and ethos of the Chicana/o Movement of the 70’s. It considers 3-D modeling and simulation as one of emerging digital methodologies for exploring site-specificity and spatial context in the field of cultural informatics and archival studies. The discussion will focus on the technical aspects of building 3-D models with open source applications, as well as the theoretical implications of ‘simulation-as-documentation.’
Trade from the ground up

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is two‐fold. First, a case study is presented that examines a model of agricultural development created by Healing Hands International (HHI) as one answer to the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization call to reduce world hunger in half by 2015. Second, the study of HHI's agricultural model is used to identify some of the variables that might predict success in achieving sustainable agricultural systems in developing communities around the world. Specifically, training and establishing trust through social networks are explored as potential indicators in which HHI and other non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) can better determine whether they are meeting the goal of making trade work for the poor.Design/methodology/approach – A case study of HHI's agricultural program is conducted as a means to identify success criteria for similar programs designed to establish economic viability in developing countries.Findings – HHI has received global attention for its ...
Prognostic significance of hormone receptors in endometrial cancer.

Background. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common female pelvic genital malignancy. Many studies suggest that approximately 75% of all endometrial cancers are clinical Stage I. More than 50% of cancer deaths are in patients with clinical Stage I disease. As a result, prognostic factors have been evaluated in an attempt to identify those patients with presumed early stage disease who will be at high risk for recurrence. Recently, hormone receptor status (estrogen [ER], progesterone [PR]) in endometrial cancer has been suggested to be a prognostic factor
Loo Law: The Public Washroom as a Hyper-Regulated Place

The article suggests that the public washroom is the most regulated of all public spaces, at least in the United States. It offers several possible explanations for this hyper-juridical attention. First and foremost, the article argues, such hyper-regulation of the public washroom has to do with the sanitary and moral significance of this space. Secondly, the intensity of washroom regulation is due to its ambiguous public/private properties. Finally, the intense regulation of the public washroom is the result of physio-anatomical functions performed in it. Utilizing the State of New York as a lens through which to observe the various issues raised by what it refers to as "loo law," the article unravels the regulatory regime that governs this mundane and somewhat unattended to space. This exploration of the minute operations of law is also the basis for broader claims made in this article about the relationship between law and architectural design. Mainly, the article argues that legal norms not only reflect certain cultural norms and practices but that, through their physical manifestation, these cultural norms and practices are also standardized and fixed by legal norms. Hence, the combined work of law and architectural design renders certain norms and practices - e.g. the gender-based segregation of washrooms or our sitting posture on toilet seats - more rigid and less changeable, in turn accounting for what we tend to consider as our second nature.
Welcome to Biotech Nation

Welcome to Biotech Nation Moira A. Gunn, PhD AMACOM, New York, NY; ISBN: 978 0814409237; 2007; 258pp; hardback
Urban Education Policy under Obama

Since the publication of A Nation at Risk in 1983, under the Reagan administration, there has been an evolving shift in federal education policy from a focus on equity to economic competitiveness, ...
Aerodynamic Impact of Vortex Generators on a Relaxed-Compression Low-Boom Inlet

The application of subsonic and supersonic vortex generators for flow control in an external compression, axisymmetric low-boom concept inlet was investigated experimentally and computationally. The low-boom inlet design is conceptually based on a previous scale model tested in the NASA 1×1 ft supersonic wind tunnel. It features a zero-angle cowl and relaxed isentropic compression centerbody spike, resulting in defocused oblique shocks and a weak terminating normal shock. A design of experiments computational methodology was used to select device size and location to determine the optimal choice of device geometry and placement, with the objective of reducing radial flow distortion for on-design conditions. The resulting test matrix of vortex generator geometry and placement was specified for model inlet testing conducted at the 8×6 ft supersonic wind tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center in the Fall of 2010. Comparisons of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes predictions with experimental data were subsequen...
Users and navigation patterns of a science World Wide Web site for the public

We report here initial findings of a multi-year study of public use of a World Wide Web site for science information. “The Why Files” strives to provide “the science behind the news” in story narra...
Ultrastructural observations on deep-etched thylakoids.

Deep etching of spinach thylakoids frozen in water exposes the inner and outer surfaces of the thylakoid. Both these surfaces differ greatly in appearance from their respective adjacent fracture planes. This finding constitutes further evidence for membrane splitting during the fracture process. Modification of the fracture face by loss of shattered material or by plastic deformation may explain the partial mismatch between the two fracture faces observed in washed thylakoids.
Weight-saving potential of open- and closed-cell functionally graded foams under compressive loading

The weight-saving potential of open- and closed-cell functionally graded foams in structural applications is studied. Optimisation of material microstructures can lead to the design of lightweight foams that can effectively withstand applied loads and mitigate damage. A tetrakaidecahedron-shaped cell, which packs to fill space in three dimensions, is used to create open- and closed-cell foam models. Four functionally graded models and a plain foam model, all containing three vertically stacked cells, are studied for both open- and closed-cell foams. A density gradient is applied along the axial direction of the structures. The relative stiffness per unit mass for the closed-cell foams is found to be several orders of magnitude higher compared with that of the open-cell foams. The relative stiffness per unit mass is observed to change more rapidly for the open-cell foams than the closed-cell foams as the gradient decreases. This indicates retention of specific stiffness for closed-cell foams over a wide sp...
Stable analogs of acyl adenylates. Inhibition of acetyl- and acyl-CoA synthetase by adenosine 5'-alkylphosphates.

Abstract Adenosine 5′-alkylphosphates are potent inhibitors of acetyl- and acyl-CoA synthetase. In each case, the most effective inhibitor in the series is homologous with the tightly bound acyl adenylate intermediate. Adenosine 5′-ethylphosphate (K i = 33 nM) is 88-fold more potent than adenosine 5′-methylphosphate (K i = 2900 nM) as a competitive inhibitor of acetyl-CoA synthetase; the contribution of a single carbon to the observed binding energy (−11 kJ/mol) is much larger than is typically observed.