cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commentary: Dupuytren’s Disease vs Non-Dupuytren’s Contracture

The debate about trauma and its potential role in the etiology of DD began when Dupuytren described the case of Demarteau the coachman who developed the disease from whipping horses and Goyrand who described the case of Chaine the hospital manager who developed the disease but had never done one day of hard work. 4 This issue was not resolved and the debate continues. Larsen and Posch 5 described hemosiderin deposits in some Dupuytren’s diseased fascia and suggested that prior hemorrhage may be a causative factor. They also produced rupture of the palmar fascia in monkeys and created a lesion that was histologically similar to DD without digital contracture. 6 Scores of reports and clinical observations for more than a century confirmed that trauma often preceded the development of Dupuytren’s contracture. The issue that often was overlooked on examination of these reports was that most of these patients did not progress to typical DD; similar to Larsen’s monkeys, they did not have digital contractures. The presence of blood factor(s) adjacent to a normal palmar fascia can modulate normal fibroblasts into contractile myofibroblasts that will manufacture abnormal, immature type III collagen with subsequent fascial proliferation and thickening. This happens regardless of the genetic make-up of the patient. Palmar fascial proliferation therefore has 2 distinct clinical types, the typical DD and the atypical non-Dupuytren’s contracture. 7 McFarlane et al 8 described the typical patient with DD as a white male of northern European origin, averaging 57 years of age, with bilateral hand and multiple digital involvements. The disease progresses over time but at variable rates. Heuston 9 described patients with DD as expressing disease diathesis and those with strong diathesis invariably have family history and ectopic sites of fibromatosis such as the planter fascia (Ledderhose’s contracture), male genitals (Peyronie’s disease) or dorsal digital cutaneous disease (Garrod’s nodes). This typical DD is believed to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with variable penetrance.
Fluid Drag Reduction with Shark-Skin Riblet Inspired Microstructured Surfaces

Engineering marvels found throughout living nature continually provide inspiration to researchers solving technical challenges. For example, skin from fast-swimming sharks intrigue researchers since its low-drag riblet microstructure is applicable to many low drag and self-cleaning (antifouling) applications. An overview of shark skin related studies that have been conducted in both open channel (external) and closed channel (internal) flow experiments is presented. Significant work has been conducted with the open channel flow, and less with closed channel flow. The results provide design guidance when developing novel low drag and self-cleaning surfaces for applications in the medical, marine, and industrial fields. Experimental parameters include riblet geometry, continuous and segmented configurations, fluid velocity (laminar and turbulent flow), fluid viscosity (water, oil, and air), closed channel height dimensions, wettability, and scalability. The results are discussed and conceptual models are shown suggesting the effect of viscosity, coatings, and the interaction between vortices and riblet surfaces.
Using toxicity data to evaluate ecological effects at Superfund sites

Abstract Toxicity data (used here to mean toxicity tests or bioassays) have been employed in two ways at Superfund sites. In a retrospective manner, bioassays have served as direct measurement endpoints (e.g., bioassays of contaminated sediment) and, in a predictive manner, bioassay data from the literature have been used to interpret other measurement endpoints such as contaminant concentrations. Ecological assessments for several Superfund sites provide examples of how these two approaches have been used to understand the ecological effects of soil, surface water, and sediment contamination. It appears toxicity data can be particularly useful in several ways, from screening lists of contaminant concentrations for potential toxicity to evaluating the geographical extent of demonstrably toxic contamination.
Theory of differential offset continuation

I introduce a partial differential equation to describe the process of prestack reflection data transformation in the offset, midpoint, and time coordinates. The equation is proved theoretically to provide correct kinematics and amplitudes on the transformed constant‐offset sections. Solving an initial‐value problem with the proposed equation leads to integral and frequency‐domain offset continuation operators, which reduce to the known forms of dip moveout operators in the case of continuation to zero offset.
Assessment of equine fecal contamination: the search for alternative bacterial source-tracking targets.

16S rDNA clone libraries were evaluated for detection of fecal source-identifying bacteria from a collapsed equine manure pile. Libraries were constructed using universal eubacterial primers and Bacteroides-Prevotella group-specific primers. Eubacterial sequences indicated that upstream and downstream water samples were predominantly β- and γ-Proteobacteria (35 and 19%, respectively), while the manure library consisted predominantly of Firmicutes (31%) and previously unidentified sequences (60%). Manure-specific eubacterial sequences were not detectable beyond 5 m downstream of the pile, suggesting either poor survival or high dilution rates. In contrast, Bacteroides and Prevotella sp. sequences were detected both in manure and downstream using group-specific primers. Novel sequences from Bacteroides and Prevotella analysis produced an equine-specific phylogenetic cluster as compared to previous data sets obtained for human and bovine samples. While these results suggest that some anaerobic fecal bacteria might be potential identifiers for use in source-tracking applications, a comprehensive examination of environmental sequences within these species should be performed before methods targeting these bacterial groups are applied to watersheds for development of microbial source-tracking protocols.
The “three M's”: Muscles, malformation, and malocclusion

Abstract An analysis has been made of muscles and their relationship to structural configuration in Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. The effect of muscle forces is three-dimensional, although most orthodontists have considered it only in one vector—that of expansion. Whenever there is a struggle between muscle and bone, bone yields. 5 Muscle function can be adaptive to morphogenetic pattern. A change in muscle function can initiate morphologic variation in the normal configuration of the teeth and supporting bone, or it can enhance an already existing malocclusion. In the latter instance, the inherent structural malrelationship calls for compensatory or adaptive muscle activity to perform the daily functions. The structural abnormality is increased by compensatory muscle activity to the extent that a balance is reached between pattern, environment, and physiology. At times it is impossible to assign a specific cause-and-effect role to any one factor. It is imperative that the orthodontist appraise muscle activity and that he conduct his orthodontic therapy in such a manner that the finished result reflects a balance between the structural changes obtained and the functional forces acting on the teeth and investing tissues at that time.
Instantiation of the TADIL-A waveform into a software programmable tactical intelligence terminal

The tactical digital information link-A (TADIL-A) is used for situational awareness dissemination to the warfighter at both HF and UHF. With the addition of TADIL-A to the joint tactical terminal (JTT) operational requirements document (ORD), it served as a test for demonstrating the ability to instantiate a legacy broadcast waveform into a software re-programmable, digital tactical intelligence terminal. Software resident in a field-proven TADIL-A data terminal set (DTS) was re-written in higher order language to provide operation for both HF and UHF.
Regulation of microRNA-mRNA target pairs in a model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of premature neonates characterized by arrested pulmonary alveolar development. Objective: Because microRNAs (miRNAs) may regulate the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) during normal lung organogenesis, we hypothesized that an experimental model of BPD would be characterized by the altered expression of miRNAs and their mRNA targets. Methods: Neonatal mice were exposed to 80% oxygen (O2) or room air (RA) for either 14 or 29 days. Lung histology was assessed using standard techniques. Comprehensive miRNA and mRNA profiling was performed using lung tissue from each group. Potential direct mRNA targets of miRNAs were systematically predicted through miRNA-mRNA correlations and computational mapping in miRBase. Functional significance was investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis for miRNA regulatory networks using the DAVID and MetaCore databases. Results: At both 14 and 29 days, the lungs of O2 mice displayed histological changes consistent with BPD. Between the two time points we identified 2,714 mRNAs and 66 miRNAs that were dynamically regulated by O2 exposure. All but one of the miRNAs were up-regulated. We identified 581 dynamically regulated, direct mRNA targets of these miRNAs by computational mapping in miRBase. Gene ontology enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that hyperoxia modulated genes involved in a variety of lung developmental processes, including cell cycle, cell adhesion, inflammation and angiogenesis. Conclusion: A murine model of BPD is characterized by dynamic regulation of miRNAs and their computationally predicted, developmentally relevant mRNA targets.
LOCAL CONTEXT AND INNOVATION DIFFUSION IN A WELL-CONNECTED WORLD

Current models of spatial diffusion largely overlook the role that local context plays in shaping diffusion patterns, emphasizing instead the importance of information flow and innovation delivery systems. Yet as time-space convergence continues and the world becomes increasingly well-connected, the ability of information movement to shape patterns of innovation adoption weakens. Conversely, the importance of local conditions increases. The adoption pattern of an innovation that is widely known and widely available at the very time it is diffusing is likely to be shaped by place-to-place differences in receptiveness to the innovation, rather than by the differential availability of information. Innovations that are adapted to local conditions will be well- received and likely adopted; those not adapted will be rejected. This expectation is confirmed by the examples of residential air conditioning and home food freezers, both innovations whose functions and technology were well known before they began thei...
Remote Delivery of Local TV News When Local May Be Hundreds of Miles Away

Outsourcing of local broadcast news, fueled by technology and industry economics, is a reality in a number of markets around the United States. Contrasted with the trend toward the “hyperlocal” in newspapers and websites, remote delivery produces newscasts for communities at great distance from the source. Under a framework of localism, this study examines the implications of such a delivery system for communities served, using a content analysis in six television markets—markets as large as Omaha, Nebraska. Using a data set of more than 1,000 stories, the study analyzes how local the outsourced newscasts really are. With local TV news still ranked the most used information source in the United States, how much local information outsourced broadcasts offer viewers is a significant topic to scrutinize.
Abstract 576: Gadd45a sensitizes medulloblastoma cells to irradiation and modulates the cellular switch from migratory to stationary cell phase by downregulating MMP-9

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Gadd45a protein is induced in medulloblastoma cell lines by treatment with ionizing radiation (IR), which requires p53 stabilization. The role of Gadd45a in IR-induced G2-M arrest of medulloblastoma cells is demonstrated by its increased binding to Cdc2, thereby inactivating Cdc2 kinase activity. Knockdown of Gadd45a alleviates G2-M blockage and results in decreased binding of Gadd45a to Cdc2. Further, the anti-tumorigenic role of Gadd45a is mediated by the negative regulation of β-catenin and its nuclear translocation, which might decrease the β-catenin/LEF-1-mediated transactivation of cell invasion proteins, such as MMP-9, examined in the present study. Overexpression of Gadd45a protein with IR treatment resulted in decreased nuclear levels of β-catenin, increased cytoplasmic levels of p-β-catenin, and increased distribution of β-catenin on membrane E and N-cadherins. The IR-treated control cells showed contrary results with demonstrated loss of E-cadherin, gain of N-cadherin, and inhibition of β-catenin binding to membrane cadherins as well as increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Zymography studies demonstrate the negative regulation of IR-induced MMP-9 activity by Gadd45a overexpression. Wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays confirmed the anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic role of Gadd45a in medulloblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of MMP-9 results in prominent expression levels of Gadd45a protein in animal tumors. Thus, we confirm that overexpression of Gadd45a in combination with ionizing radiation has therapeutic implications by preventing recurrence of MMP-9-mediated cancer cell invasion and effectively containing cells in a static phase by maintaining CCA/CCI. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-576
Applications of TR069 in Home Networks

For home networks, the complexity of Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) and the diversity of services have many requirements for terminal device management. TR069 is a CPE Wide Area Network (WAN) management protocol defined by the DSL Forum. It uses the client/server model of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for architecture design and makes full use of the mature Web technologies for reference. Therefore, it enables simple fulfillment and good scalability. TR069 defines the management parameters in accordance with the characteristics of terminal services. Deployment of TR069_based network management system may simplify network configuration and management at the user end. This improves usability and manageability of CPE, and accordingly enables fast deployment of home networking devices and prompt service development.
15: PFO CLOSURE REDUCES PLASMA LEVELS OF SEROTONIN IN A LONG TERM FOLLOWUP OF STROKE PATIENTS

Purpose of Study PFO allows venous clots and vasoactive factors to bypass pulmonary filtration and remain in circulation. We previously identified an immediate reduction of procoagulant serotonin (5-HT) in left atrial blood post PFO closure. To understand the long-term effect of PFO closure, we report the change of 5-HT in peripheral venous blood in 1-year followup. Methods Used 97 PFO-related stroke patients were recruited on IRB approval. Venous blood was collected at baseline (BL) and 1 year follow-up (FU) of treatments (PFO closure and medical therapy). Plasma 5-HT was quantified by mass spectrometry. Patients with serotonin modifying medications (ie. SSRIs) or conditions (anxiety/depression) were excluded. Summary of Results 5-HT level in peripheral venous blood was significantly reduced by 27.27% (BL: 7.57±8.04 µM; FU: 5.51±5.72 µM; p=0.0034) in 61 patients receiving PFO closure (figure 1A). In the 37 PFO patients treated with medicine alone, no changes were observed (BL: 5.79±7.15 µM; FU: 6.25±6.68 µM; p=0.4050) (figure 1B). 5-HT reduction was independently associated with PFO closure after adjusting for age, gender, medical history and medication status in a multivariate regression (figure 1C). Conclusions We found that PFO closure independently reduced 5-HT level in peripheral venous blood. These results support the hypothesis that PFO related right-to-left interatrial shunt may foster higher level of procoagulant and vascoactive substances in circulation. While PFO closure decrease prothrombotic markers immediately post closure, this effect is sustained in long term followup up to 1 year. Further studies on the clinical outcome of these PFO patients with respect to their prothrombotic circulatory profiles are ongoing.
Understanding Bank Liquidity Risk Using Realized Gains and Losses on Available-for-Sale Securities

I show that realized gains and losses (RGL) from the sale of available-for-sale (AFS) securities, a historical cost accounting variable, has forward looking information about bank's liquidity risk. Intuitively, the bank's decision to sell a security is based on private information about its own risk, and RGL reveals that information. Specifically, I demonstrate that the absolute magnitude of RGL on AFS securities in the period immediately prior to the failure of Lehman Brothers negatively predicts the change in uninsured deposits in the post-Lehman crisis period, and is most economically significant for the banks with lowest Tier 1 capital and return on assets. In contrast, fair value changes of AFS securities do not have predictive power.
Antibiotics That Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis

Structure of the bacterial cell wall, the metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of cell wall, and various antibiotics affecting various stages of cell wall synthesis are presented. Mechanisms of action of the antibiotics and the mechanisms of resistance development to the antibiotics are discussed. The antibiotics include fosfomycin, cycloserine, β-lactams, carbapenems, bacitracin, moenomycin, mersacidin, vancomycin, and teixobactin. β-lactamase and β-lactamase inhibitors are discussed in the context of antibiotic resistance.
Pediatric rhinoplasty: A discussion of perioperative considerations and systematic review

Abstract Objectives Pediatric rhinoplasty has traditionally raised numerous concerns, including its impact on growth as well as the psychological sequelae of undergoing a potentially appearance-altering procedure. Our objective was to critically evaluate available individual patient data relevant to pediatric rhinoplasty, and further discuss perioperative considerations. Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE databases. Data extracted and analyzed from included studies included patient demographics, surgical indications, operative approaches, outcomes, complications, revision rates, and other clinical considerations. Results Seven studies encompassing 253 patients were included, with age ranging from 7 months to 19 years. Two-thirds of patients were male. 41.7% reported antecedent trauma, and common overall surgical indications included “functional aesthetic” (24.5%) followed by cleft lip nasal deformity (15.8%). The majority (79.1%) underwent open approaches, and 71.1% of patients underwent concomitant septal intervention. The most frequently used grafting materials were septal cartilage (52.8%) and conchal cartilage (16.5%). Surgical outcomes were heterogeneous among these studies. Complication rates were only specified in 5 of the 7 studies and totaled 57 patients (39.6%). Aesthetic dissatisfaction (11.8%) and postoperative nasal obstruction (5.6%) were the most commonly reported complications. Revisions were performed in 13.5%. Conclusion Rhinoplasty is safe in the pediatric population, although revisions rates appear greater than those reported in adults. This study of 253 represents the largest pooled sample size to date; nonetheless, non-standardized outcome measures, minimal long-term followup data, and lack of discussion regarding psychological sequelae all contribute to the need for further high-quality studies evaluating this topic.
Attenuation of persistent /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin//-bounded disturbances for nonlinear systems

A version of nonlinear generalization of the /spl Lscr//sup 1/-control problem, which deals with the attenuation of persistent bounded disturbances in /spl Lscr//sub /spl infin//-sense, is investigated in this paper. The main idea in the /spl Lscr//sup 1/-performance analysis and synthesis is to construct a certain invariant subset of the state-space such that achieving disturbance rejection is equivalent to restricting the state-dynamics to this set. In addition, the relation between the /spl Lscr//sup 1/-control of a continuous time system and the l/sup 1/-control of its Euler approximated discrete-time systems is established.
Science of Improvement

The seminal To Err is Human report spurred an explosion of growth in the science of patient safety and quality improvement in healthcare. Models and methods of improvement translated or adapted from the broader organizational change and research literature seeded the development of implementation sciences for healthcare delivery. Firm grounding in the evidence-based practices is critical for people in operational roles, while the practice of improving healthcare safety and quality continues to expand the current boundaries of the scientific knowledge base. This chapter synthesizes core definitions and describes key models of continuous improvement from the patient safety, care quality, and organizational research literature. We also summarize insights from research on high-reliability organizations (HROs). HROs excel at maintaining extremely low rates of error or harm despite operating in high-risk environments by building a strong culture of mindful organizing. Finally, we summarize practical principles for high-reliability organizing.
Man with leg rash

Clinical introduction A 51-year-old male presented to the ED with a rash to his left thigh (figure 1) with erythema, swelling and pain. He endorsed paraesthesias, pruritus, fevers, vomiting and diarrhoea. Initial vitals were unremarkable. He was well appearing with an 8×8 cm violaceous patch on his left medial thigh with vesicles, surrounding erythema and induration with a second, smaller lesion on the right thigh. Both rashes were extremely tender. A bedside ultrasound image of the rash was obtained (figure 2). Question What is the most likely cause of the patient’s rash? A. Herpes zoster B. Cellulitis C. Necrotising fasciitis D. Bullous pemphigoid
Learning a dictionary of activities from motion imagery tracking data

Target tracking derived from motion imagery enables automated activity analysis. In this paper, we develop methods for automatically exploiting the track data to detect and recognize activities, develop models of normal behavior, and detect departure from normalcy. We have developed methods for representing activities through syntactic analysis of the track data, by “tokenizing” the track, i.e. converting the kinematic information into strings of symbols amenable to further analysis. The syntactic analysis of target tracks is the foundation for constructing an expandable “dictionary of activities.” Through unsupervised learning on the syntactic representations, we discover the canonical activities in a corpus of motion imagery data. The probability distribution of the learned activities is the “dictionary”. Newly acquired track data is compared to the dictionary to flag atypical behaviors as departures from normalcy. We demonstrate the methods with relevant data.
Faith-based health needs assessment: implications for empowerment of the Faith community

Churches are often caught in the middle of the struggle between health care institutions and managed care organizations. A faith-based center of excellence model is proposed that would establish a middle ground between the secular and "sacred" aspects of health care. Such a model would focus on using the faith community to influence the behavior and lifestyle of persons within the organized public health model, thus providing a new model of ministry. This process can increase an understanding of the tools needed for the clergy to be better caregivers, more influential co-change agents, and more informed about data-driven outcome ministry. This integrated process is critical for real change in health outcomes, for the improvement of primary prevention, and for reducing disease mortality.
Technologies of Mediation: An Assessment of Methods for the Mediation of International Conflicts

Abstract The conceptual boundaries of international mediation are defined, and the variety of available techniques is summaried. Philosophical premises are discussed, and the issue of appropriate technology is raised. Q methodology is then introduced as a method for exploring the structure of parties' perspectives, and an example of its potential applicability is provided in a simulation of the border conflicts involving Somalia, Kenya, and Ethiopia.
Human Population Growth

Ecological engineering may help us understand the causes of human population growth and impacts on environmental resources. In the coming decades, the survival of humans and the security of environmental resources that support human existence will continue to be threatened by rapid population growth. As we enter the new millennium, stark contrasts are already apparent between the availability of these natural resources and the billions of humans who require them to sustain life. Ecological engineering may help us understand the complexities of the problem and hopefully, may help us devise ways to meet the challenges created by rapid world population growth. To halt the imbalance growing between human population numbers and their essential resources, humans must actively conserve cropland, freshwater, energy, and the other basic environmental resources. There is a critical need to alert the public worldwide to the serious issues of overpopulation and natural resource shortages. Certainly populations in developed countries could contribute to the conservation effort by reducing their high consumption of all resources, especially fossil fuels. Focus is needed on improving food crops, such as developing perennial grains, pest-resistant crops, and improved nutritional makeup of crops.
Design of a randomized controlled trial to decrease depression and improve insulin sensitivity in adolescents: Mood and INsulin sensitivity to prevent Diabetes (MIND).

Abstract Background Depressive symptoms often manifest in adolescence and predict worsening insulin sensitivity, a key precursor in the path to β-cell failure and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objective To assess the efficacy of a six-week cognitive-behavioral group versus six-week health education group for improving insulin sensitivity and preserving β-cell function in adolescent girls at-risk for T2D with depressive symptoms and evaluate mechanisms underlying the association between depression and insulin dynamics. Design Randomized controlled trial of N = 150 12–17-year-old girls with overweight/obesity (body mass index [BMI; kg/m2] ≥85th percentile), elevated depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale [CES-D] total score > 20), and diabetes family history. Methods Girls at-risk for T2D with elevated depressive symptoms are recruited from the Denver-metropolitan area and randomized to participate in one of two six-week interventions. The cognitive-behavioral group is a depression prevention program involving psycho-education, restructuring negative thoughts, and behavioral activation. The health education group is a didactic control that provides knowledge about healthy living. Participants are assessed at baseline, immediate post-intervention, and one-year follow-up. Primary outcomes are insulin sensitivity and β-cell function from oral glucose tolerance tests. Secondary outcomes are disinhibited eating, physical activity, sleep, and cortisol. Summary Results from this adequately powered randomized controlled trial will determine whether decreasing depressive symptoms with a behavioral health program preventatively alters insulin sensitivity and β-cell function trajectories in adolescents at-risk for T2D. Results from the MIND Project will add to knowledge of the contribution of depressive symptoms to T2D risk.
A Quantum Brain Interpretation of Heideggerian Cognitive Science

A Heideggerian version of cognitive science is found consistent with quantum thermofield brain dynamics.
Genetic Ablation of FOXO in Mice to Investigate Its Physiological Role

Recent reports emphasized the role of FOXO family of transcription factors in nervous system homeostasis. Most studies employed primary neuronal cultures, established animal models for neuropathology, or invertebrate models. Demonstration of the normal and pathophysiological function of mammalian FOXO under complex in vivo conditions requires genetic study. Therefore, the conditional knockout mouse is an invaluable platform. Here, we describe the methods of establishing and analyzing nervous system-specific ablation of FOXO isoforms in mice. This chapter offers a detailed method to validate the deletion of Foxo genes in vivo and to study its role in the nervous system. Investigation of FOXO function by using the mouse system may advance our understanding of nervous system aging as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
Family Matters: Moving Beyond “If” Family Support Matters to “Why” Family Support Matters during Reentry from Prison:

Objectives:Informed by social control and differential coercion and social support theories, we examine how multiple theoretically and methodologically distinct factors of family support relate to ...
GABAA-benzodiazepine receptors: demonstration of pharmacological subtypes in the brain.

The GABAA receptor is a ligand-gated chloride ion channel that mediates the majority of rapid-acting inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system (Olsen and Venter, 1986). The GABAA receptors are also the target of numerous clinically important depressant and excitatory drugs (Olsen, 1981; Tallman and Gallager, 1985; Biggio and Costa, 1988). The convulsant drug bicuculline acts as a competitive antagonist at the GABA recognition site, beta-carbolines block GABA function as ’ inverse agonists’ at the benzodiazepine recognition site, and picrotoxin and cage convulsants inhibit the chloride channel function at a site on the receptor complex distinct from the GABA and benzodiazepine receptor sites. Clinically important depressant benzodiazepines enhance GABA-mediated inhibition via their own binding sites on the receptor complex. Still additional sites on the receptor-ion channel complex mediate the action of barbiturates, steroid anesthetics, and possibly ethanol to enhance GABAA receptor function at the membrane level (Olsen and Venter, 1986; Biggio and Costa, 1988).
Reactor Prospects of Muon-Catalyzed Fusion of Deuterium and Tritium Concentrated in Transition Metals

It is conjectured that the number of fusion events catalyzed by a single muon is orders of magnitude greater for deuterium and tritium concentrated in a transition metal than in gaseous form and that the recent observation of 2.5-MeV neutrons from a D/sub 2/O electrolytic cell with palladium and titanium cathodes can thereby be interpreted in terms of cosmic muon-catalyzed deuterium-deuterium fusion. This suggests a new fusion reactor reactor consisting of deuterium and tritium concentrated in transition metal fuel elements in a fusion core that surrounds an accelerator-produced muon source. The feasibility of net energy production in such a reactor is established in terms of requirements on the number of fusion events catalyzed per muon. The technological implications for a power reactor based on this concept are examined. The potential of such a concept as a neutron source for materials testing and tritium and plutonium production is briefly discussed.
Environmental protection via optimal global economic restructuring

Abstract This research proposes an approach to managing the environmental efficiency of the global economy via the optimal economic restructuring. The objective is to promote an increase in energy-environmental efficiency that supports economic growth constrained by greenhouse gas mitigation and energy conservation. The proposed method suggests the way of structural change in a global economy that the national economies should follow by economic restructuring, international cooperation, and trade. By following the recommended course of action, it becomes possible to increase the energy – environmental efficiency of the global economy as a whole via harmonized modifications in output per capita, use of renewable energy, and decrease in energy- and greenhouse gas emissions intensities. A novel stochastic data envelopment analysis with a perfect object method (SDEA PO) is utilized as a mathematical tool. A system of differential-algebraic equations is derived, leading to the determination of the trajectory of locally optimal structural change. • This study introduces a novel method aimed to guide the optimal economic restructuring of the global economy via economic growth constrained by energy conservation and greenhouse gas mitigation. • The suggested model provides guidance for energy-environmentally friendly economic restructuring of the global economy.
Growing a Sustainable City? The Question of Urban Agriculture

Christina D. Rosan and Hamil Pearsall. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2017. 198 pp., maps, photos, illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $24.95 paper (ISBN 978-1-4426-2855-7).Ur...
The smart city of Newark, NJ: data analytics platform for economic development and policy assessment

Abstract Newark Industrial Data Analytics Platform (NIDAP) is intended to serve as a smart city infrastructure by building an industry network of shared database by major anchor businesses, about 400 small and medium manufacturers, and the city government of Newark, NJ. The partnerships among local university, industry, and government entities were formed to promote Newark’s industrial competitiveness and economic development. The NIDAP provides the stakeholders with infrastructure for information sharing to understand local supply-chain and business development, and for data analytics tools to support the performance and sustainability of economic growth, to analyze local workforce trends, and to assess the effectiveness and impact of economic policies by the city government. In this case study, we present the case of developing the NIDAP for providing manufacturing industry with visibility for contract opportunities, the Newark anchor institutions with procurement collaborations, and the city government with the ability to assess the impact of city’s economic policies and to dynamically evaluate economic policy alternatives.
Revisiting Transmission Scheduling in RF Energy Harvesting Wireless Communications

The transmission scheduling is a critical problem in radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting communications. Existing transmission strategies are mainly designed based on a classic model, in which the harvested energy is assumed pre-determined and considered as prior knowledge in offline approaches. In this extended abstract, we challenge this assumption showing that the harvested energy is affected by the transmission scheduling and becomes unknown and not pre-determined. In the new model, we add a feedback line from the data transmission to the harvested energy. It properly indicates the interplay between the energy harvest and the data transmission but challenges the transmission scheduling in the meantime. We formulated the optimal transmission scheduling based on the new model and advocate a recursive solution.
A molecular communication system using acids, bases and hydrogen ions

Concentration modulation, whereby information is encoded in the concentration level of chemicals, is considered. One of the main challenges with such systems is the limited control the transmitter has on the concentration level at the receiver. For example, concentration cannot be directly decreased by the transmitter, and the decrease in concentration over time occurs solely due to transport mechanisms such as diffusion. This can result in inter-symbol interference (ISI), which degrades performance. In this work, a novel scheme is proposed that uses the transmission of acids, bases, and the concentration of hydrogen ions for carrying information. By employing this technique, the concentration of hydrogen ions at the receiver can be both increased and decreased through the sender's transmissions. This enables ISI mitigation as well as the ability to form a wider array of signal patterns at the receiver.
AITom: Open-source AI platform for cryo-electron Tomography data analysis.

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is an emerging technology for the 3D visualization of structural organizations and interactions of subcellular components at near-native state and sub-molecular resolution. Tomograms captured by cryo-ET contain heterogeneous structures representing the complex and dynamic subcellular environment. Since the structures are not purified or fluorescently labeled, the spatial organization and interaction between both the known and unknown structures can be studied in their native environment. The rapid advances of cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) have generated abundant 3D cellular imaging data. However, the systematic localization, identification, segmentation, and structural recovery of the subcellular components require efficient and accurate large-scale image analysis methods. We introduce AITom, an open-source artificial intelligence platform for cryo-ET researchers. AITom provides many public as well as in-house algorithms for performing cryo-ET data analysis through both the traditional template-based or template-free approach and the deep learning approach. AITom also supports remote interactive analysis. Comprehensive tutorials for each analysis module are provided to guide the user through. We welcome researchers and developers to join this collaborative open-source software development project. Availability: this https URL
Introduction to the Epistemology of Disagreement

Part of the recent explosion in the literature on the epistemology of disagreement has generally confined itself to the following problem: Suppose that after an agent comes to believe proposition P she finds out that there is an epistemic peer—someone of equal intelligence and ability—who has evaluated the same body of evidence and come to believe not-P. What should her reaction be upon discovering peer disagreement? Does the existence of peer disagreement constitute a (partial) defeater to her original belief that P? Or is she rationally permitted to maintain her belief that P even in the face of peer disagreement? In this chapter I outline the main arguments for conciliationism and non-conciliationism.
Abstract 278: A Novel Resuscitative Agent, Centhaquine (Lyfaquin®), has the Potential to Treat Acute Kidney Injury Following Hemorrhagic Shock

Introduction: Centhaquine (CQ) is being developed as a first-in-class resuscitative agent to treat hemorrhagic shock. Its safety, tolerability and efficacy have been demonstrated through pre-clinic...
Learning Where to Drill: Drilling Decisions and Geological Quality in the Haynesville Shale

We often link increasing productivity in resource extraction to innovation in how firms extract. Yet resource quality - where firms extract - is a key driver of productivity. Using a structural model and data from Louisiana's Haynesville shale, I disentangle the impacts of how and where firms extract natural gas. Mineral lease contracts, learning about geology, and prices actually explain more than half of growth in output per well not just technological change. Neglecting this may lead to over-optimistic long-run supply forecasts. I also show that growth in output per well masked large distortions caused by mineral lease contracts, which reduced resource rents.
Deep Profiling of Mouse Splenic Architecture with CODEX Multiplexed Imaging

A cytometric imaging approach, called CO-Detection by indEXing (CODEX), that enables high parameter multiplexing of antibody-tagged target epitopes is used here to create high parameter imaging datasets of normal mouse and lupus (MRL/lpr) spleens. In this procedure, antibody binding events are rendered iteratively using DNA barcodes, fluorescent dNTP analogs, and an in-situ polymerization-based indexing procedure. Fluorescent signals from multiple rounds of indexing are computationally combined into a multi-channel image stack and subjected to image segmentation and quantification. A segmentation and linear model algorithm was developed to accurately quantify membrane antigen levels on dissociated cells as well as tissue sections. Leveraging the spatially resolved nature of CODEX multiplexed single-cell imaging data, quantitative de novo characterization of lymphoid tissue architecture was enabled and overlaid onto previously described morphological features. We observed an unexpected, profound impact of the cellular neighborhood on the expression of protein receptors on immune cells. By comparing normal murine spleen to spleens from animals with systemic autoimmune disease (MRL/lpr), extensive and previously uncharacterized splenic cell interaction dynamics in the healthy versus diseased state was observed. The fidelity of multiplexed imaging data analysis demonstrated here will allow deep proteomic analysis and systematic characterization of complex tissue architecture in normal and clinically aberrant samples.
Preliminary Assessment of Carbon and Nitrogen Sequestration Potential of Wildfire-Derived Sediments Stored by Erosion Control Structures in Forest Ecosystems, Southwest USA:

The role of pyrogenic carbon (PyC) in the global carbon cycle is still incompletely characterized. Much work has been done to characterize PyC on landforms and in soils where it originates or in “t...
Availability of Palliative Care in Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals.

Abstract Objective To determine the availability of palliative care programs in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) Design Cross-sectional analysis using the 2016 American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey. Setting and Participants LTACHs in the United States. Method We used descriptive analyses to compare the prevalence of palliative care programs in LTACHs across the United States in 2016. For LTACHs without a program, we also examined palliative care physician capacity in regions where those LTACHs resided to evaluate if expertise existed in those regions. Results One-third (36.5%) of 405 LTACHs (50.6% response rate) self-reported having a palliative care program. Among LTACHs without palliative care, 42.4% were in regions with the highest palliative care physician capacity nationwide. Conclusions and Implications LTACHs care for patients with serious and prolonged illnesses, many of whom would benefit from palliative care. Despite this, our study finds that specialty palliative care is limited in LTACHs. The limited palliative care availability in LTACHs is mismatched with the needs of this seriously ill population. Greater focus on increasing palliative care in LTACHs is essential and may be feasible as 40% of LTACHs without a palliative care program were located in regions with the highest palliative care physician capacity.
Lymph node assessment at the time of hysterectomy has limited clinical utility for patients with pre-cancerous endometrial lesions

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with a pre-invasive endometrial lesion who meet Mayo criteria for lymph node dissection on final pathology to determine if the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with pre-invasive lesions would be warranted. Methods All women who underwent hysterectomy for a pre-invasive endometrial lesion (atypical hyperplasia or endometrial intra-epithelial neoplasia) between 2009 and 2019 were included for analysis. Relevant statistical tests were utilized to test the associations between patient, operative, and pathologic characteristics. Results 141 patients met inclusion criteria. 51 patients (36%) had a final diagnosis of cancer, the majority (96%) of which were Stage IA grade 1 endometrioid carcinomas. Seven patients (5%) met Mayo criteria on final pathology (one grade 3, seven size >2 cm, one >50% myoinvasive). Three of these seven patients had lymph nodes assessed of which 0% had metastases. Six of these patients had frozen section performed, and 2 met (33%) Mayo criteria intraoperatively. Of the seven patients in the overall cohort that had lymph node sampling, six had a final diagnosis of cancer and none had positive lymph nodes. Of the 51 patients with cancer, only 10 had cancer diagnosed using frozen section, and only two met intra-operative Mayo criteria. Age > 55 was predictive of meeting Mayo criteria on final pathology (p = 0.007). No patients experienced a cancer recurrence across a median follow up of 24.3 months. Conclusions Atypical hyperplasia and endometrial intra-epithelial neoplasia portend low risk disease and universal nodal assessment is of limited value.
Racial discrimination and the moderating effects of racial and ethnic socialization on the mental health of Asian American youth

This study investigates trajectories of racial discrimination, racial and ethnic socialization (RES), and their interaction effects with social positions (nativity and gender) on mental health. A longitudinal study of 786 Filipino American (FA) and Korean American (KA) youth from the Midwestern United States (Mage.Wave1 = 15) confirmed that discrimination increased and significantly contributed to the upward trend of mental health distress, whereas the impact of RES differed by its type and by ethnicity. For example, promotion of mistrust and ethnic-heritage socialization were protective among U.S.-born FA youth, but for KA youth, preparation for bias was protective regardless of nativity and gender. This study highlights the importance of considering social positions to better understand the role of RES in youth psychological adjustment.
Left Hemisphere Dominance for Negative Facial Expressions: The Influence of Task

Major theories of hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing predict right hemisphere dominance for negative facial expressions of disgust, fear, and sadness, however, some studies observe left hemisphere dominance for one or more of these expressions. Research suggests that tasks requiring the identification of six basic emotional facial expressions (angry, disgusted, fearful, happy, sad, and surprised) are more likely to produce left hemisphere involvement than tasks that do not require expression identification. The present research investigated this possibility in two experiments that presented six basic emotional facial expressions to the right or left hemisphere using a divided-visual field paradigm. In Experiment 1, participants identified emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to one of six labels. In Experiment 2, participants detected emotional expressions by pushing a key corresponding to whether an expression was emotional or not. In line with predictions, fearful facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the identification task but not during the detection task. In contrast to predictions, sad expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during both identification and detection tasks. In addition, happy facial expressions exhibited a left hemisphere advantage during the detection task but not during the identification task. Only angry facial expressions exhibited a right hemisphere advantage, and this was only observed when data from both experiments were combined. Together, results highlight the influence of task demands on hemisphere asymmetries in facial expression processing and suggest a greater role for the left hemisphere in negative expressions than predicted by previous theories.