cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sketch interpretation using multiscale stochastic models of temporal patterns

Sketching is a natural mode of interaction used in a variety of settings. For example, people sketch during early design and brainstorming sessions to guide the thought process; when we communicate certain ideas, we use sketching as an additional modality to convey ideas that can not be put in words. The emergence of hardware such as PDAs and Tablet PCs has enabled capturing freehand sketches, enabling the routine use of sketching as an additional human-computer interaction modality. But despite the availability of pen based information capture hardware, relatively little effort has been put into developing software capable of understanding and reasoning about sketches. To date, most approaches to sketch recognition have treated sketches as images (i.e., static finished products) and have applied vision algorithms for recognition. However, unlike images, sketches are produced incrementally and interactively, one stroke at a time and their processing should take advantage of this. This thesis explores ways of doing sketch recognition by extracting as much information as possible from temporal patterns that appear during sketching. We present a sketch recognition framework based on hierarchical statistical models of temporal patterns. We show that in certain domains, stroke orderings used in the course of drawing individual objects contain temporal patterns that can aid recognition. We build on this work to show how sketch recognition systems can use knowledge of both common stroke orderings and common object orderings. We describe a statistical framework based on Dynamic Bayesian Networks that can learn temporal models of object-level and stroke-level patterns for recognition. Our framework supports multi-object strokes, multi-stroke objects, and allows interspersed drawing of objects---relaxing the assumption that objects are drawn one at a time. Our system also supports real-valued feature representations using a numerically stable recognition algorithm. We present recognition results for hand-drawn electronic circuit diagrams. The results show that modeling temporal patterns at multiple scales provides a significant increase in correct recognition rates, with no added computational penalties. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
The role of a priori knowledge of plant dynamics in neurocontroller design

The authors modify an earlier neurocontroller architecture so as to guarantee the performance of the neurocontroller. This architecture uses a priori knowledge of the general structure of the system's dynamics. The knowledge is utilized for the selection of exploratory schedules to excite selected subsets of the dynamics. The controller does not require a priori knowledge of the exact system dynamics, as they are learned online, nor does it assume the existence of an explicit external teacher. The control architecture developed is not limited to tracking of a prespecified trajectory. The architecture is developed for the control of a robot manipulator. >
The Design of an Automated Test Code Generation System for SQL Stored Procedures

This paper presents an overview of the design and implementation of a framework for automated test code generation of SQL stored procedures in a .NET managed code environment, using SQL, XML and the C# programming language. The primary knowledge and coding skills required for developing and using the framework are SQL, XML, and C#. The framework is most useful in a software development scenario where dedicated software test engineers are employed for testing activities, and these test engineers have SQL and XMLknowledge but not necessarily strong C# coding ability. An advantage of the framework compared to some alternative approaches is that because the framework uses SQL metadata, access to the source code of the stored procedures under test is not required. After initial development, most of the testing update effort consists of editing a relatively simple XML file.
Konforme Abbildung von Minimalflächen

In diesem und in den folgenden Paragraphen 121–131 ist angenommen, das die Minimalflache S in der nichtparametrischen Darstellung {z = z (x, y); (x, y) ∈ P} vorliegt, wobei P ein den Nullpunkt enthaltendes beschranktes oder unbeschranktes konvexes Gebiet in der (x, y)-Ebene ist.
Make It a Two-Way connection: A Response to “Connecting Informal and Formal Learning Experiences in the Age of Participatory Media”

The recent editorial “Connecting Informal and Formal Learning Experiences in the Age of Participatory Media” (Bull, Thompson, Searson, Garofalo, Park, Young, & Lee 2008) points out that social media exemplified in Web sites such as YouTube, Facebook and Wikipedia are built on the “cognitive surplus” and social networking of participants. Unfortunately, as the authors point out, formal educational environments pose barriers to their use. The hallmarks of the new technology—active creation of personalized online content and fluid communication networks—don’t fit well with authoritative control of learning objectives, lack of time, limited access to technology, and the general low level of effective use of technology in schools. Gen-Y students are already producing content and using graphically rich social media in their lives outside of school, but their Boomer teachers are for the most part unaware of and not tapping into or using this activity to advance learning. To address this gap, the editorial calls for teacher educators and a new generation of teachers to work together to study and develop new knowledge and methods using participatory media and informal learning approaches in schools. The editorial is thus calling for a new branch of research and development in TPACK (the integration of technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge in teaching) that would bring into schools the power of social media and informal learning tools, methods and content. This is a timely and important suggestion, which if supported with attention, time and resources would advance national priorities for education. However, the direction of “bringing informal media into formal education” is one way, from informal methods into formal classrooms. It might be a good time to propose a second branch of research and development to allow the bridge to be two way. In the reverse direction, teacher educator s and future teachers would work together and with others to unobtrusively bring formal education into social media and informal tools, methods and content without destroying the hallmarks of participatory media—personalized creation of content and fluid social relevance.
Defect tolerant implementations of feed-forward and recurrent neural networks

Many of the defect tolerant techniques employed to achieve wafer-scale integration can also be used to construct flexible and scalable architectures. These techniques are applied to two artificial neural networks: a feed-forward analog network with backpropagation and an efficient digital recurrent network. >
Simulation in pediatric anesthesiology

Simulation-based training, research and quality initiatives are expanding in pediatric anesthesiology just as in other medical specialties. Various modalities are available, from task trainers to standardized patients, and from computer-based simulations to mannequins. Computer-controlled mannequins can simulate pediatric vital signs with reasonable reliability; however the fidelity of skin temperature and color change, airway reflexes and breath and heart sounds remains rudimentary. Current pediatric mannequins are utilized in simulation centers, throughout hospitals in-situ, at national meetings for continuing medical education and in research into individual and team performance. Ongoing efforts by pediatric anesthesiologists dedicated to using simulation to improve patient care and educational delivery will result in further dissemination of this technology. Health care professionals who provide complex, subspecialty care to children require a curriculum supported by an active learning environment where skills directly relevant to pediatric care can be developed. The approach is not only the most effective method to educate adult learners, but meets calls for education reform and offers the potential to guide efforts toward evaluating competence. Simulation addresses patient safety imperatives by providing a method for trainees to develop skills and experience in various management strategies, without risk to the health and life of a child. A curriculum that provides pediatric anesthesiologists with the range of skills required in clinical practice settings must include a relatively broad range of task-training devises and electromechanical mannequins. Challenges remain in defining the best integration of this modality into training and clinical practice to meet the needs of pediatric patients.
Synthesis of Application-Specific Highly-Efficient Multi-Mode Systems for Low-Power Applications

We present a novel design methodology for synthesizing multiple configurations (or modes) into a single programmable system. Many DSP and multimedia applications require reconfigurability of a system along with efficiency in terms of power performance and area. FPGAs provide a reconfigurable platform, however, they are slower in speed with significantly higher power consumption than achievable by a customized ASIC. In this work, we have developed techniques to realize an efficient reconfigurable system for a set of user-specified configurations. A data flow graph transformation method coupled with efficient scheduling and allocation are used to automatically synthesize the system from its behavioral level specifications. Experimental results on several applications demonstrate that we can achieve about 60/spl times/ power reduction on average with about 4/spl times/ improvement in performance over corresponding FPGA implementations.
Private Capital Movements and Exchange Rates in Developing Countries

The economic and financial literature of recent years has contained a considerable amount of discussion of the relationship between exchange rates and international differences in interest rates, on the one hand, and capital movements between the major industrial countries, on the other. Much less attention has been paid to the question of the effect of variations in exchange rates, or of the choice among alternative exchange rate systems, on private capital flows from industrial to developing countries. The present paper deals primarily with this relatively neglected topic. The principal question that will be considered is the following: how are private capital movements in any one country likely to respond to changes, or expected changes, in foreign exchange rates and in the country’s prices and costs, given the other factors which influence the incentive to invest in that country? Although the paper is chiefly concerned with flows of private capital to developing countries, the general analysis of the influence of changes in prices, costs and exchange rates on movements of various types of capital applies also to inter-national investment in industrial countries. The concluding section elaborates some implications of the analysis with regard to the broader question of the effect of alternative exchange rate systems (fixed or fluctuating exchange rates, unitary or multiple exchange rates) on capital flows.
Pathways, Cycles: Bioaccumulation, Impact on Living Ecosystems

Potentially toxic metals follow natural environmental pathways and cycles through the many ecosystems that provide for the very essence of life: water, food and waste disposal. To some degree they follow the geochemical cycles for the nutrients that sustain life (Figure 4–1): (O2) supports respiratory metabolism; CO2 is the source of carbon for photosynthesis; N2 is an essential element of proteins; S is essential for protein and vitamin synthesis; and P is incorporated into many organic molecules and essential for metabolic energy use. Terrestrial, fluvial/lacustrine, estuarine and oceanic life forms can suffer short-or long-term perturbation if these pathways and cycles are intruded by natural events or impacted by human activities.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of an unknown primary site : a comparison of the relative contributions of morphology, minimal essential clinical data and CEA immunostaining status

Measurement of the relative contributions of morphology alone; minimal essential clinical data; immunohistologic reactivity of a prototypic tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); and the process by which a pathologist can identify the origin of a metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site is the subject of this report. To standardize the case material, we used an image digitizing and archival system to present 100 metastatic adenocarcinomas of known primary site as unknowns to two pathologists. The images were selected to show only gland-forming areas of the carcinomas and excluded all normal tissue elements. They were viewed, initially without, and then with, identification of gender and metastatic site. Subsequently, the results of immunoperoxidase staining for CEA, assessed independently by a third pathologist, were provided. Our analysis showed that, overall, the correct primary site was chosen as choice 1, 2, or 3 in 72% and 76%, and as choice 1 in 49% and 47% of cases, respectively. Accuracy was highest for prostatic, ovarian, and breast carcinomas, and lowest for upper-gastrointestinal tract, biliary tract, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Statistical analysis showed the largest increments in accuracy in the choice 1 prediction in each tumor category were achieved by provision of minimal essential clinical data. Knowledge of CEA status did not affect overall accuracy; however, it increased the odds of making the correct diagnosis for ovarian, colorectal, and endometrial (both pathologists) carcinomas, and for prostatic, pulmonary and esophago-gastric adenocarcinomas (one pathologist). The study exemplifies a model for the objective measurement of the contribution of ancillary studies, such as immunoperoxidase markers, to the accuracy of pathologic diagnosis.
Field estimates of numbers of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) larvae and nymphs per hectare successfully feeding on Peromyscus leucopus in Massachusetts

The numbers of blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, per hectare that engorged as larvae and nymphs on white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque), were estimated at 3 sites in coastal Massachusetts. Estimates of numbers of engorged ticks dropping per day from trapped mice were multiplied by mark–recapture estimates of the density (numbers per hectare) of white-footed mice to estimate numbers of ticks engorging on mice per hectare. In 1991, estimates of seasonal totals per hectare of I. scapularis nymphs completing blood meals on P. leucopus ranged from 825 ± 68 at Nonamesset to 6,654 ± 770 at Menemsha. This absolute sampling method (the drop-off method) was compared with drag sampling for nymphal ticks. Per hectare estimation of engorgement rates overcomes a shortcoming associated with drag sampling because site-to-site comparisons can be made even where vegetation structure differs markedly among sites. The drop-off method may be used to quantify the contribution of any host to the engorged tick population, provided sufficient such hosts can be collected on a weekly basis.
Modeling Depression with Genetic Modified Animals

Globally, depression is a leading psychiatric disorder with limited neurobiological knowledge. It affects around 20% of population from the view of lifetime population prevalence [1]. Symptoms of depression include depressed mood, dysregulated sleep or appetite, lack of energy and concentration, feelings of unhappiness, no value or guilt, and thoughts of suicide. Depression has caused a significant public health burden.
Research Review on the Secondary Occupation Education Curriculum Reform

Since the reform and opening up,secondary occupation education curriculum research in China has made great progress,the basic problem of the reform of medium occupation education course are discussed,and some new areas of research,actively learn from the research pattern of foreign curriculum,some experiences and achievements are obtained.At the same time,many deficiencies in the curriculum reform also have been exposed: the rational research needs to be strengthened,research perspective should be multidimensional,research subjects should be more broad.
A new simple method for indirect determination of blood pressure in the rat.

SummaryA new indirect method for measuring systolic pressure in the rat's tail has been described. It depends upon the visual recognition of pulsatile vibrations which are obliterated by inflating of the cuff to a pressure exceeding the systolic pressure. As the cuff is slowly deflated the vibratory motion reappears, the amplitude of the vibration increasing to a maximum as the cuff pressure approaches zero. The reappearance of the persistent vibration is taken as the systolic endpoint. The accuracy of the method was checked by comparing measurements with values recorded with the microphonic manometer, blood flow after amputating the tip of the tail, and in some instances by direct mean aortic pressure measurements in normal and hypertensive rats. No data were obtained in hypotensive animals. The advantages and limitations of the visual method have been discussed. The effect of cuff size and preliminary warming of the whole animal or only the tail have been studied.
A Behavioral Remedy for the Censorship Bias in Inventory Decision Making

Existing evidence suggests that managers exhibit a censorship bias: demand beliefs tend to be biased low when lost sales from stockouts are unobservable (censored demand) compared to when they are observable (uncensored demand). By leveraging psychological theory on wicked environments, we develop a non-constraining, easily-implementable behavioral debias technique to help mitigate this tendency in an inventory decision-making setting. The debiasing technique has individuals record estimates of demand observations (REDO): participants explicitly record a self-generated estimate of the demand realization in every period, regardless of whether or not a stockout occurs. In doing so, they construct a more representative sample of demand realizations (that differs from the sales sample). In two laboratory experiments with MBA and undergraduate students, this remedy significantly reduces downward bias in demand beliefs under censorship and leads to higher inventory order decisions.
The Memristive Boltzmann Machines

The Boltzmann machine is a massively parallel computational model capable of solving a broad class of combinatorial optimization problems. In recent years, it has successfully been applied to training deep machine learning models on massive datasets. High-performance implementations of the Boltzmann machine using GPUs, MPI-based high-performance computing clusters, and field-programmable gate arrays have been proposed in the literature. Regrettably, the required all-to-all communication among the processing units limits the performance of these efforts. The proposed memristive Boltzmann machine is a massively parallel, memory-centric hardware accelerator based on recently developed resistive RAM (RRAM) technology. The proposed accelerator exploits the electrical properties of RRAM to realize in situ, fine-grained parallel computation within memory arrays, thereby eliminating the need for exchanging data between the memory cells and the computational units.
Enforcing opacity by publicly known edit functions

This paper extends prior work about the enforcement of opacity by insertion functions and applies a more general method called edit functions. Based on its observations, the edit function can insert or erase events to modify the outputs of the system and obfuscate the outside intruder. In this paper, a key assumption is that the intruder knows the implementation of the edit function, which requires the edit function to be “public-private enforcing”. In order to capture the limitations of edit functions, state based edit constraints are introduced and may preclude some originally feasible edit choices, complicating the enforcement problem. The edit function in this work is deterministic and the enforcement problem is formulated as a two-player game between the edit function and the system. Our goal is to synthesize public-private enforcing edit functions without violating edit constraints. A new synthesis algorithm is proposed based on the game structure.
Bank Relations and Borrower Corporate Governance and Incentive Structures

This paper examines the use of governance and incentive mechanisms beyond loan contract provisions that borrowers use to reduce contracting costs with lenders. We show that as the strength of the relationship between a borrower and a lender intensifies over time, borrowing firms are more likely to elect bank employees to their boards of directors, apply corporate governance structures that insulate managers from turnover, decrease managers’ risk-taking incentives, and increase information asymmetries with non-bank capital providers. Interestingly, many of the adopted governance and incentive mechanisms are commonly thought to decrease shareholder wealth outside intense bank-firm relations. Our results highlight the importance of context in assessing the costs and benefits of governance and incentive structures.
Psychological Perspectives on Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a recently described disorder marked clinically by symptoms of upper gastrointestinal distress and by histological evidence of increased eosinophils in the esophagus. Although EoE has been reported in individuals across the lifespan, the disease has been most comprehensively described in children and adolescents. In addition to further clarifications of EoE symptom presentation, current studies are investigating the pathophysiology of the disease as well as the effectiveness and outcome of treatments. Attention has now turned to the impact of the disease on the quality of life and psychosocial functioning of children and their families. Since investigation of psychological aspects of EoE is in its infancy, little systematic information is available at this time. Nevertheless, with some information from recent and current studies as well as from clinical experience, it is possible to pose key questions about the impact of the symptoms and the treatments specific to EoE on quality of life for children and adolescents. Further, a great deal of information is available regarding psychosocial effects of various chronic illnesses on children, and extrapolations from previous studies are informative regarding likely effects on youth of all ages with EoE. This chapter will review what is known about the impact of EoE on quality of life and psychosocial adjustment, discuss the bidirectional effects of pediatric chronic illness characteristics, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life, and examine the role of coping and adaptation in relation to psychosocial functioning and quality of life.
Morse Theory and Monopoles: Topology in Long Range Forces

Consider the t’Hooft-Polyakov monopole [1]. This is a static, finite energy solution to the evolution equations of a non-Abelian Higgs model with adjoint Higgs. For simplicity, take G = SU(2), but one could do a similar analysis for any group.
Responses of human B cells to DNA and phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides.

Until recently, DNA was thought to be neither immunogenic nor immunostimulatory, but emerging information has documented that specific forms of DNA can be both. It has been found that certain DNA structures (Z-DNA) can induce significant antibody responses when administered to normal mice (Stollar 1975, 1986; Rich et al. 1984; Zarling et al. 1984; Frappier et al. 1989). In addition, studies in mice demonstrated that DNA from various micro-organisms (bacterial Escherichia coli DNA) induced B-cell proliferation, immunoglobulin (Ig) production and cytokine secretion both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, mammalian DNA did not stimulate murine B-cell responses (Messina et al. 1991, 1993; Krieg 1995; Krieg et al. 1995; Pisetsky 1995, 1996; Klinman et al. 1996b; Sun et al. 1996, 1997). Comparison of the sequences of mammalian and microbial genomes indicated that CpG dinucleotides are ten times more frequent in bacterial than in vertebrate DNA, and 80% of the cytosines within CpG dinucleotides in vertebrate genomes are methylated, whereas those in microbes and synthetic ODNs are non-methylated (Bird 1986, 1987; Cardon et al. 1994). After testing a battery of ODNs for their immunostimulatory activities, Krieg and his colleagues found that the stimulatory activity of microbial DNA and sODNs could be attributed to a CpG motif, in which an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide is flanked by two 5’ purines and two 3’ pyrimidines (Krieg et al. 1995; Krieg 1996a,b).
Non-Invasive Measurements of Photosystem II Reactions in the Field Using Flash Fluorescence

This chapter discusses a new technique for making measurements on the photosynthetic apparatus in leaves of plants in the field. A device for this purpose which can be used under field conditions employs flashlamps to non-invasively measure the kinetics of the reactions of the quinone acceptor complex of photosystem II (PSII, see abbreviations below). Studies in the laboratory on the isolated chloroplasts have led to a detailed understanding of the functioning of the qui none acceptor complex of PSII. This understanding is the basis for the interpretation of the measurements made on the plants in the field.
Bi-Directional Waterway Reveals Nutrient Runoff From Cropland

Blackbird Creek is the waterway that empties into the Delaware Bay. The lower 21 km of the creek has been shown to have appreciable salinity measurements, suggesting that this portion is influenced by tidal fluctuations. Fourteen sampling stations were established within this lateral range in order to examine the nutrient dynamics of the creek at various points in time. Our objective was to monitor potential changes in water quality conditions, especially on nutrients, in the creek during the day using the low and high tides as the predominating driver for the change. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity and salinity were monitored bi-weekly at each station. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), ammonia (NH3), orthophosphate (PO4), alkalinity (Alk), and turbidity (Tbd) were measured at each station over the course of the field season. Average concentrations were generally low for the nitrogen species: NH4 = 0.11 mgL-1, NO3 = 0.30 mgL-1, NO2 = 0.02 mgL-1. Average alkalinity (92 mgL-1 CaCO3) and turbidity (71 FTU) concentrations were appropriate given the nature of the marsh environment. The average PO4 concentration, however, was elevated (=0.44 mgL-1). The EPA recommends values under 0.1 mgL-1 for this type of waterway. When considered separately, nutrient concentrations on outgoing tides were elevated relative to nutrient concentrations on incoming tides. Overall, the highest concentrations for all parameters occurred at low tide before the shift to the next incoming tide. This suggests that there are greater nutrient concentrations upstream than downstream. Given that land use in the Blackbird Creek watershed is primarily agricultural, it is likely that upstream pore water input from cropland is influencing the nutrient dynamics of the waterway. This information is key to understanding the efficiency of the riparian buffer system that has been established in the watershed and to allow for opportunities for improvement to mitigate nutrient runoff from agricultural fields.
Evaporation and instability of an unbounded-axisymmetric liquid bridge between chemically similar and different substrates

Abstract Hypothesis In this manuscript we examine the stability of an evaporating-unbounded axisymmetric liquid bridge confined between parallel-planar similar or chemically different substrates using both theory and experiments. With a quasistatic assumption we use hydrostatics to estimate the minimum stable volume V min via the Young-Laplace equation for Bond numbers 0 ⩽ Bo ⩽ 1 , and top/bottom wall contact angles 5 ° θ 175 ° although the primary focus is on wetting and partial wetting fluids. Solving the Young-Laplace equation requires knowledge of appropriate capillary pressure values, which appear as a constant, and may not provide unique solution. To examine uniqueness of numerical solutions and volume minima determined from the Young-Laplace equation for unbounded-axisymmetric liquid bridges we analyzed capillary pressure for large and small liquid volume-asymptotic limits at zero Bond number. Experiments Experiments were performed to compare with the volume minima calculations for Bond numbers 0.04 ⩽ Bo ⩽ 0.65 . Three substrates of varying surface energy were used, with purified water as the primary liquid. Volume estimates and contact angle data were extracted via image analysis and evaporation rates measured from this data are reported. Findings Volume minima were in the range 0.1 V min 20 μ l depending on Bond number. There was good agreement when comparing predicted volume minima and those determined from experiments for the range of parameters studied.
A new species of Buccinum from California (Gastropoda: Buccinidae)

Buccinum macleani n. sp., from off Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, California, is described. The new species is placed tentatively in the genus Buccinum ( s.l. ), based on radular characteristisc and shell morphology. It differs from all other eastern Pacific Buccinum by its very compressed profile.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: A Single Institution Retrospective Study

Introduction: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are associated with an increased risk of venous (VTE) and arterial (ATE) thromboembolic events (TE). Anticoagulation needs to be balanced between the risk of incident and recurrent TE and risk of hemorrhage. While data on outcomes of anticoagulation with warfarin in patients with MPN are available, data on safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in this subgroup are not. Herein, we present outcomes of use of DOACs in patients with MPN at our institution. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we searched the Mayo Clinic clinical databases for patients meeting the WHO criteria for MPN who had been prescribed a DOAC between 2011 and 2017. The MPN diagnosis had to have predated the DOAC prescription. Medical records of consenting patients meeting study criteria were reviewed and data on demographics, diagnosis of MPN, indication for DOAC prescription, and their efficacy (incident or recurrent TE) and safety (hemorrhagic events) were abstracted. Results: Over the study period, 19 patients (female = 10) met inclusion criteria. The median age of patients at MPN diagnosis was 67 years (35-83), and 73 years (53-86) at initiation of DOAC. Prescribed DOACs included rivaroxaban (n=12), apixaban (n=6), and dabigatran (n=2) (one patient received rivaroxaban and was switched to apixaban). MPN diagnoses included polycythemia vera (PV) (n=9), essential thrombocythemia and chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm NOS (3 each), chronic myeloid leukemia and myelofibrosis (2 each). Indications for DOAC included thromboembolism (n=13; 68%) (arterial:2 and venous:11), and atrial fibrillation (afib) (n=6; 31%). The median duration of DOAC therapy was 241.5 days (range 13-1879). Five patients were switched from warfarin to rivaroxaban (n=4) and apixaban (n=1) at patient and/or provider preference; the rest were initiated on the DOAC de novo based on provider preference. Of the 19 patients, one patient each experienced a major hemorrhagic and TE event. One patient with PV who was on rivaroxaban for afib required hospitalization for gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to gastritis; DOAC was discontinued following this episode. One other patient with PV had a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction while on rivaroxaban for afib and prior stroke; DOAC was continued. There were no deaths attributable to DOAC use. Discussion: Our limited data suggests that use of DOACs in patients with MPN is feasible with an acceptable balance between risk of hemorrhage and recurrent thrombosis. Additional data on long term outcomes of DOACs in MPNs are needed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Letters to the EditorRelapsing Pleural Effusion in a Patient on Automated Peritoneal DialysisA Delayed Diagnosis of Iatrogenic Guidewire Retention After Central Line Placement

# Relapsing Pleural Effusion in a Patient on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis {#article-title-2} Pleural effusion is a known complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). We present the case of a patient who had recurrent right pleural effusion while on automated peritoneal
The Dentate Gyrus and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: An "Exciting" Era

This review describes developments in epilepsy research during the last 3 to 4 decades that focused on the dentate gyrus (DG) and its role in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The emphasis is on basic research in laboratory animals and is chronological, starting with hypotheses that attracted a lot of attention in the 1980s. Then experiments are described that addressed the questions, as well as new methods that often made the experiments possible. In addition, where new questions arose and the implications for clinical epilepsy are discussed.
Local Learning in RRAM Neural Networks with Sparse Direct Feedback Alignment

Neural networks utilizing non-volatile random access memory (NVM) exhibit excellent power reduction over traditional CMOS implementations. RRAM (resistive random access memory) is one such emerging memory technology offering low energy, good endurance, and a large analog conductance window. When implemented in a crossbar architecture, these networks are able to bypass the von-Neumann bottleneck by performing compute in-memory. This architecture works well for inference; however, training the network is far more challenging. Networks built using RRAM can be trained on-chip with gradient descent or off-chip where weights are transferred. Backpropagation, while effective in training von-Neumann architectures, is inefficient when memory and compute are partitioned together. Commonly referred to as the weight transport problem, each neuron's dependence on the weights and errors located deeper in the network requires reading the weights in each layer before computing and applying the error. This presents a key challenge in performing efficient on chip training for non von-Neumann architectures. In this work we demonstrate an alternative to backpropagation called sparse direct feedback alignment which bypasses the weight transport problem. We simulate crossbars of HfOx RRAM based on experimental data to explore the performance, area, and energy trade-offs of using bio-plausible algorithms on the MNIST and EMNIST datasets.
Inactivation of airborne porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) by a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is one of the most significant airborne viruses impacting the pork industry in the US. Non-thermal plasmas (NTPs) are electrical discharges comprised of reactive radicals and excited species that inactivate viruses and bacteria. Our previous experiments using a packed bed NTP reactor demonstrated effective inactivation of bacteriophage MS2 as a function of applied voltage and power. The present study examined the effectiveness of the same reactor in inactivating aerosolized PRRSv. A PRRSv solution containing ∼105 TCID50/ml of PRRSv VR2332 strain was aerosolized at 3 ml/min by an air-jet nebulizer and introduced into 5 or 12 cfm air flow followed by NTP exposure in the reactor. Twin impingers upstream and downstream of the reactor collected samples of the virus-laden air flow for subsequent TCID50 assay and qPCR analyses. An optical particle sizer measured upstream and downstream aerosol size distributions, giving estimates of aerosol filtration by the reactor. The results showed that PRRSv was inactivated to a similar degree as MS2 at the same conditions, with the maximum 1.3-log inactivation of PRRSv achieved at 20 kV and 12 cfm air flow rate. The results demonstrate the potential of properly optimized NTPs in controlling PRRSv transmission.
Disability in Physics: Learning from Binary Mistakes

If you are White, male, cisgender, straight, and able-bodied, you can say something as simple as “I am a physicist” with relative ease. The more those descriptors are different, though, the more complex the story becomes in the minds of others, yourself, or both. A simple claim such as “I am a physicist” is more likely to be questioned by students or colleagues if a Black woman says it instead of a White man. The person who doesn’t fit the expected image of the identity is questioned, pushed against, and continues to be invisible in images and representations of the field. One of these dimensions of invisibility is disability. Students with disabilities face extra barriers coming into STEM fields, on top of those that physics already takes pride in (“you must be this brilliant to enter”). Some of these barriers are institutional, as in labs that have been physically constructed to be accessible only to a narrow range of bodies. Some of the barriers are social or emotional, as students must navigate choices about whether to request accommodations and stand out, or to stay silent and continue at a disadvantage. Until recently, disability has been virtually absent from the physics education research literature. Our goal in this chapter is to introduce frameworks from disability studies that are relevant to physics education, including critical perspectives to integrate disability with other identity facets such as gender or race and ethnicity.
Diversity discourses: moral, ethical and pragmatic reasoning in the Swedish immigration and integration debate, 1968–1975 and 1991–1995

This article seeks to understand how values enter into political discourse via justification and how those values are negotiated over time. The article maps out the terrain of diversity discourses, both as a specific type of discourse and as an example of ethical, moral and pragmatic modes of argumentation. The author examines Swedish “diversity discourses” in the periods of 1968–1975 and 1991–1995 in an effort to tease out the pragmatic, moral and ethical aspects of these discourses. Diversity discourses are defined as discourses regarding how much and what kind of diversity is acceptable or desirable in a society, as well as how such diversity should be handled. I find that values, both contextually-dependent ethical values and universal moral values, rather than being “prior” to politics, arise out of the intersection of pragmatic, ethical and moral discourses. What is moral and ethical, then is colored by the particular nexus of moral, ethical and pragmatic concerns such that what is acceptable at one particular time and location, may be unacceptable in another, even coming from the same actors with the same ideological commitments. Shifts in the ethical/moral modes of justification, then, lead to shifts in who is included in a democratic community.
Long-Term Mortality After Carotid Stenting.

Background Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an established procedure for the treatment of atherosclerotic disease affecting the extracranial internal carotid artery. Recent population-based studies have suggested that long-term survival after CAS may be limited, thereby questioning its efficacy in a real-world scenario. Methods We retrospectively reviewed outcomes of patients undergoing CAS for asymptomatic or symptomatic carotid stenosis by a neurosurgeon or interventional neuroradiologist at our institution between 2008 and 2018. Patient and disease characteristics were recorded, as was the incidence of periprocedural and overall ischemia and mortality after CAS. Risk factors for recurrent ischemia and mortality were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results There were 238 patients who met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 69.7 years and most patients were male (69.7%); 62.2% underwent CAS for symptomatic carotid stenosis. The use of CAS for treatment of asymptomatic stenosis declined over the study period (P = 0.006). Fourteen patients (5.9%) experienced new or recurrent ipsilateral ischemia during follow-up, with 8 (3.4%) experiencing a stroke with permanent neurologic deficit. Fifty-nine patients (24.8%) died during follow-up, with a median time to death of 111.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.1–133.6) on Kaplan-Meier analysis. Increasing age at time of CAS (unit risk ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.10; P = 0.011) and comorbid congestive heart failure (risk ratio, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.39–4.13; P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for mortality during follow-up. Conclusions Unlike population-based studies, our results indicate acceptable long-term survival after CAS in adequately selected patients.
Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Girls and Adolescents with Trisomy X Syndrome.

An extra X chromosome occurs in ~ 1 in 1000 females, resulting in a karyotype 47,XXX also known as trisomy X syndrome (TXS). Women with TXS appear to be at increased risk for premature ovarian insufficiency; however, very little research on this relationship has been conducted. The objective of this case-control study is to compare ovarian function, as measured by anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, between girls with TXS and controls. Serum AMH concentrations were compared between 15 females with TXS (median age 13.4 years) and 26 controls (median age 15.1 years). Females with TXS had significantly lower serum AMH compared to controls (0.7 ng/mL (IQR 0.2–1.7) vs 2.7 (IQR 1.3–4.8), p < 0.001). Additionally, girls with TXS were much more likely to have an AMH below the 2.5th percentile for age with 67% of them meeting these criteria (OR 11, 95% CI 2.3–42). Lower AMH concentrations in females with TXS may represent an increased risk for primary ovarian insufficiency in these patients and potentially a narrow window of opportunity to pursue fertility preservation options. Additional research is needed to understand the natural history of low AMH concentrations and future risk of premature ovarian insufficiency in girls with TXS.
A Novel Framework Using Remote Telesimulation With Standardized Parents to Improve Research Staff Preparedness for Informed Consent in Pediatric Critical Care Research

Objectives The Heart And Lung Failure-Pediatric INsulin Titration study was experiencing poor subject enrollment due to low rates of informed consent. Heart And Lung Failure-Pediatric INsulin Titration investigators collaborated with the Perelman School of Medicine Standardized Patient Program to explore the novel use of telesimulation with standardized parents to train research staff to approach parents of critically ill children for informed consent. We describe the feasibility, learner acceptance, and financial costs of this novel intervention and performed a post hoc analysis to determine if this intervention improved study consent rates. Design Observational, comparative effectiveness study. Setting Heart And Lung Failure-Pediatric INsulin Titration study enrolling sites. Subjects Research staff (at the remote site). Interventions Individual 90-minute Skype telesimulation sessions with standardized parent and simulation facilitator (at the training site). Measurements and main results Forty telesimulation sessions with 79 Heart And Lung Failure-Pediatric INsulin Titration research staff (participants) at 24 remote sites were conducted. Despite some technical delays, 40 out of 40 simulations (100%) were completed. Based on feedback surveys, 100% of respondents agreed (81% strongly agreed) that telesimulation sessions achieved intended learning objectives to prepare research staff to approach parents of eligible critically ill children to obtain informed consent. Additionally, 100% of respondents agreed (74% strongly agreed) that they would use lessons from the telesimulation when approaching parents to obtain informed consent for research. Telesimulation with standardized parents achieved lower financial costs (approximately $85 per session) compared with traditional in-person site visits for training research staff. There was no significant improvement in study consent rates with the intervention (pre: 46% vs post: 48%; p = 0.78). Conclusions Remote telesimulation with standardized parents is feasible, acceptable, and associated with lower financial costs to prepare research staff to obtain informed consent from parents of critically ill children eligible for clinical research trials. Despite this novel approach, Heart And Lung Failure-Pediatric INsulin Titration study consent rates did not improve, suggesting that other factors influence parental consent and decision making in complex multicenter clinical research trials.
A smart and less intrusive feedback request algorithm towards human-centered HVAC operation

Abstract There is an increasing number of recent studies about personalized thermal preferences and controls in office buildings. Data collection from occupants in real buildings is necessary for training and updating models. However, sufficient quantity and quality of data are required for developing reliable models, along with optimal model complexity, efficient updating modes and robust evaluation metrics. Therefore, long-term collection of occupant feedback is often needed, which might be intrusive and impractical. This paper presents a Bayesian modeling approach which incorporates voluntary feedback data (comfort-related responses), collected via participatory interfaces, along with requested feedback data, into the personal thermal preference learning framework. This is achieved by explicitly considering occupants’ participation –a type of behavior –in the model structure, i.e., integration of thermal preference-related feedback and occupant behavior. The approach was evaluated with two different datasets collected from two experimental setups with human test-subjects. A smart feedback request algorithm was developed, which determines whether to request feedback at any given time based on the quantified value (i.e., information gain) of the request. The value was computed using the expected Kullback-Leibler divergence between the current and updated posterior parameter distributions. In addition, a simulation study was conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm. The results show that the new algorithm learns individual thermal preferences with reduced feedback requests, i.e., effective but less-intrusive. Requesting occupant feedback only when truly needed is important for smart and practical human-centered HVAC operation.