cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brush cytology in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal malignancy

In a review of 196 cases of malignant neoplasms of the esophagus and stomach, endoscopically guided brush cytology at the initial examination appreciably improved diagnostic accuracy of esophageal lesions. However, cytology may have been superfluous when routinely applied to the evaluation of lesions intrinsic fo the stomach. In these cases, when biopsy is negative while radiography or endoscupic appearance is that of malignancy, then brush cytology is recommended as an adjunct to repeated endoscopy.
Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images

Accurate and automated methods for measuring the thickness of human cerebral cortex could provide powerful tools for diagnosing and studying a variety of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Manual methods for estimating cortical thickness from neuroimaging data are labor intensive, requiring several days of effort by a trained anatomist. Furthermore, the highly folded nature of the cortex is problematic for manual techniques, frequently resulting in measurement errors in regions in which the cortical surface is not perpendicular to any of the cardinal axes. As a consequence, it has been impractical to obtain accurate thickness estimates for the entire cortex in individual subjects, or group statistics for patient or control populations. Here, we present an automated method for accurately measuring the thickness of the cerebral cortex across the entire brain and for generating cross-subject statistics in a coordinate system based on cortical anatomy. The intersubject standard deviation of the thickness measures is shown to be less than 0.5 mm, implying the ability to detect focal atrophy in small populations or even individual subjects. The reliability and accuracy of this new method are assessed by within-subject test-retest studies, as well as by comparison of cross-subject regional thickness measures with published values.
Digitization, innovation, and copyright: What is the agenda?:

This essay discusses the need for research on the consequences of digitization, as well as the impact of alternative policies governing the creation and use of digital information. This agenda focuses on the development of research to investigate the economics of digitization, to analyze the governance of intellectual property in this sector, particularly through copyright, and to pioneer approaches to analyzing measurement of digitization. This agenda overlaps with many related open questions in organizational and strategy research.
(215) Experience with Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate Opioid-Tolerant Patients at a Large Cancer Institution

Background: Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) is approved for the control of cancer breakthrough pain. Patients at our institution were noted to be using OTFC for around-the-clock dosing, (2) IV opioid supplementation, (3) “when water was unavailable to swallow pills”, (4) wound care (5) anxiety and insomnia, and (6) gastrointestinal obstruction. Objective: To evaluate the use and barriers for OTFC. Methods: We attempted to contact 67 consecutive cancer patients by telephone 5 months after they were prescribed OTFC at our institution and asked the following: (a) Are you still using OTFC?; (b) If “yes”, for what reasons?; and (c) If “no”, why not? Results: 22 now deceased, 14 not available, 3 with no recollection of OTFC use, 1 never filled the prescription due to concern regarding potential hazards to children and pets. Thirteen patients were using OTFC for cancer breakthrough pain. 14 discontinued OTFC for the following reasons: 5 due to resolution of pain (post-operative pain and radiation-induced odynophagia); 7 due to suboptimal pain relief; 1 due to conversion to a continuous IV opioid infusion; 2 due to excessive sedation; and 1 due to self-consciousness during public use. Discussion: Although OTFC is approved for cancer breakthrough pain, we have identified other uses in our patients, including the following: around-the-clock dosing; as a “more convenient” substitute for pills; as an anxiolytic or hypnotic; for procedure-related pain; for radiation-induced odynophagia; and in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction. Reasons given for discontinuing OTFC include: ineffective pain relief; side effects; stigmata associated with public use; conversion to continuous parenteral opioids; and concern of accidental intoxication by others. Closer monitoring of compliance and appropriate dose titration may improve the therapeutic use of OTFC.
Piscivory by the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus): Evidence from the laboratory and salt marshes

Abstract While piscivory is common in many fishes, there are few accounts for the fundulid, Fundulus heteroclitus (mummichog). We suspected that this species might be involved in several forms of piscivory including predation, cannibalism and scavenging. To evaluate these possibilities we conducted several laboratory experiments and field observations in its primary habitat, salt marshes. We found that digestion of larvae and small juveniles of F. heteroclitus was fast (
Analysis of hydrogen in olivine by SIMS: Evaluation of standards and protocol

We measured hydrogen concentrations in 12 olivines using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS and NanoSIMS), cross-calibrated against Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). Five of these samples are routinely used for calibration in other laboratories. We assess the suitability of these olivines as standards based on over 300 SIMS analyses, comprising 22 separate calibrations. Seven olivines with 0–125 ppm H_(2)O give highly reproducible results; in contrast to previous studies, the data are fit to well-constrained calibration lines with high correlation coefficients (r^2 = 0.98–1). However, four kimberlitic megacrysts with 140–245 ppm H2O sometimes yield ^(16)O^(1)H/^(30)Si ratios that have low internal precision and can vary by up to a factor of two even in sequential analyses. A possible cause of this behavior is the presence of sub-microscopic inclusions of hydrous minerals, such as serpentine. In most cases, however, we link the anomalous results to the presence of sub-micrometer to micrometer-scale pores (as small as 100 nm), which we imaged using SEM and NanoSIMS. These pores are interpreted to be fluid inclusions containing liquid H_(2)O, other volatiles (including fluorine), and/or hydrous phase precipitates. Ionization of the contents of the pores contributes variably to the measured ^(16)O^(1)H, resulting in analyses with erratic depth profiles and corresponding high uncertainties (up to 16%, 2σ_mean). After filtering of these analyses using a simple criterion based on the error predicted by Poisson counting statistics, all the data fit well together. Our results imply that the Bell et al. (2003) calibration can be applied accurately to all olivines with IR bands from ~3400–3700 cm^(−1), without the need for band-specific IR absorption coefficients.
Optimal Doses of Methotrexate Combined with Anti-TNF Therapy to Maintain Clinical Remission in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background and aims: Methotrexate (MTX) is sometimes used as part of combination therapy for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]; however, the optimal MTX dose for combination therapy has not been established. This study compared the efficacy of lower-dose and higher-dose MTX with anti tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) therapy among IBD patients. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed of 88 IBD patients at our center between 2010 and 2013. Low-dose MTX was defined as ≤ 12.5mg/week and high-dose MTX as 15–25mg/week. Patients who met the criteria for clinical remission [Harvey-Bradshaw Index ≤ 4, Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index ≤ 2] at baseline were followed for up to 42 months. Chart review occurred in 6-month intervals. The primary outcome was consecutive months in remission prior to relapse. Secondary outcomes included other indicators of worsening disease [endoscopic inflammation, steroid use, therapy escalation/addition, or surgery] and adverse events. Regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were completed. Results: We identified 73 [83%] dual-therapy patients, of whom 32 low-dose and 14 high-dose individuals achieved remission. When compared with high-dose patients, low-dose patients were more likely to relapse [log-rank test, p < 0.01]. Secondary indicators of worsening disease occurred during 34.4% of low-dose review periods and 31.4% of high-dose review periods [ p = 0.67]; 3/52 [6%] low-dose patients and 3/21 [14%] high-dose patients [ p = 0.34] discontinued MTX therapy due to adverse events. Conclusions: When combined with anti-TNF therapy, MTX at doses of >12.5mg/week was more effective at maintaining clinical remission than lower doses. These findings will guide management of combination therapy in IBD patients.
Quantification of lignin-carbohydrate linkages with high-resolution NMR spectroscopy.

A quantitative approach to characterize lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages using a combination of quantitative 13C NMR and HSQC 2D NMR techniques has been developed. Crude milled wood lignin (MWLc), LCC extracted from MWLc with acetic acid (LCC-AcOH) and cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL) preparations were isolated from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and white birch (Betula pendula) woods and characterized using this methodology on a routine 300 MHz NMR spectrometer and on a 950 MHz spectrometer equipped with a cryogenic probe. Structural variations in the pine and birch LCC preparations of different types (MWL, CEL and LCC-AcOH) were elucidated. The use of the high field NMR spectrometer equipped with the cryogenic probe resulted in a remarkable improvement in the resolution of the LCC signals and, therefore, is of primary importance for an accurate quantification of LCC linkages. The preparations investigated showed the presence of different amounts of benzyl ether, γ-ester and phenyl glycoside LCC bonds. Benzyl ester moieties were not detected. Pine LCC-AcOH and birch MWLc preparations were preferable for the analysis of phenyl glycoside and ester LCC linkages in pine and birch, correspondingly, whereas CEL preparations were the best to study benzyl ether LCC structures. The data obtained indicate that pinewood contains higher amounts of benzyl ether LCC linkages, but lower amounts of phenyl glycoside and γ-ester LCC moieties as compared to birch wood.
Effects of Referent Token Variability on L2 Vocabulary Learning

Previous research has demonstrated substantially improved second language (L2) vocabulary learning when spoken word forms are varied using multiple talkers, speaking styles, or speaking rates. In contrast, the present study varied visual representations of referents for target vocabulary. English speakers learned Spanish words in formats of no variability (6 repetitions, 1 image of the word referent), moderate variability (2 repetitions each of 3 different images), and high variability (1 repetition each of 6 different images). In contrast to the positive effects of word-form variability, referent token variability produced negative effects on L2 vocabulary learning. These findings support the type of processing resource allocation model (Barcroft, 2002) because increases in referent-oriented processing diverted available resources from form-oriented processing and learning.
Early development of defibrillation devices

The recognition of ventricular fibrillation and the development of defibrillation devices are recounted, and recent advances are described. Early experiences with and studies of cardiac arrest are discussed. Transthoracic defibrillation, which was first applied successfully in 1947, is reviewed, and significant research is summarized. The development and present state of the implanted defibrillator, which was suggested in the late 1960s, are examined. >
Reconnaissance with slant plane circular SAR imaging

This paper presents a method for imaging from the slant plane data collected by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) over the full rotation or a partial segment of a circular flight path. A Fourier analysis for the Green's function of the imaging system is provided. This analysis is the basis of an inversion for slant plane circular SAR data. The reconstruction algorithm and resolution for this SAR system are outlined. It is shown that the slant plane circular SAR, unlike the slant plane linear SAR, has the capability to extract three-dimensional imaging information of a target scene. The merits of the algorithm are demonstrated via a simulated target whose ultra wideband foliage penetrating (FOPEN) or ground penetrating (GPEN) ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radar signature varies with the radar's aspect angle.
An Empirical Analysis of Benefits of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Implementation: Implications for New It Implementation

This paper reports that the benefits accrued from implementing and integrating Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can be conceptualized into two factors. First, firms derive operational/tactical benefits by predominantly focusing on increasing internal utility of this technology. Second, firms derive strategic benefits from EDI in the form of better external relationships and alliances with trading partners and an enhanced ability to compete in their market. Among other significant findings, there are clear indications from the correlation statistics reported here that experience with EDI, industrial category of a firm and the level of EDI integration have a significant influence on the ability of a firm to obtain long-term (strategic) benefits from such IT projects. These results also have significant implications for SME managers/stakeholders considering new interorganizational IT initiatives.
Exercise for Cancer Patients: Treatment of Side Effects and Quality of Life

Exercise plays a critical role in cancer patients’ recovery following diagnosis and treatment. Cancer patients experience numerous beneficial outcomes when they exercise prior to, during, and after they complete treatments. Exercise is an effective therapeutic intervention for preparing patients to successfully completed treatments, managing acute, chronic, and late side effects, and increasing quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the oncology literature supporting the use of exercise as an effective intervention for helping cancer patients to cope with their diagnosis and treatments, improving some of the most prevalent side effects experienced by cancer patients, and increasing QOL.
On The Boundary Behavior of Regular Solutions of the Degenerate Beltrami Equations

We study the boundary behavior of regular solutions to the degenerate Beltrami equations with constraints of the integral type imposed on the coefficient.
Why are Plaintiffs Taking so Long to Respond? A Quick Peek into the Other Room

The vast majority of people reading this article will have participated in most, if not all, of the mediations they have attended as counsel for defendants. Most readers will not have spent enough time in that other room to be able to understand the entirely different set of pressures that exist for plaintiffs and their counsel. We should care about what is going on in that other room because it will help us do our job and meet what should be the goal of every mediation: a fair settlement.
A Clade-Specific Arabidopsis Gene Connects Primary Metabolism and Senescence

Nearly immobile, plants have evolved new components to be able to respond to changing environments. One example is Qua Quine Starch (QQS, AT3G30720), an Arabidopsis thaliana-specific orphan gene that integrates primary metabolism with adaptation to environment changes. SAQR (Senescence-Associated and QQS-Related, AT1G64360), is unique to a clade within the family Brassicaceae; as such, the gene may have arisen about 20 million years ago. SAQR is up-regulated in QQS RNAi mutants and in the apx1 mutant under light-induced oxidative stress. SAQR plays a role in carbon allocation: overexpression lines of SAQR have significantly decreased starch content; conversely, in a SAQR T-DNA knockout line, starch accumulation is increased. Meta-analysis of public microarray data indicates that SAQR expression is correlated with expression of a subset of genes involved in senescence, defense, and stress responses. SAQR promoter::GUS expression analysis reveals that SAQR expression increases after leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity have peaked, just prior to visible natural senescence. SAQR is expressed predominantly within leaf and cotyledon vasculature, increasing in intensity as natural senescence continues, and then decreasing prior to death. In contrast, under experimentally-induced senescence, SAQR expression increases in vasculature of cotyledons but not in true leaves. In SAQR knockout line, the transcript level of the dirigent-like disease resistance gene (AT1G22900) is increased, while that of the Early Light Induced Protein 1 gene (ELIP1, AT3G22840) is decreased. Taken together, these data indicate that SAQR may function in the QQS network, playing a role in integration of primary metabolism with adaptation to internal and environmental changes, specifically those that affect the process of senescence.
Serum proteins of rats after partial hepatectomy.

SummaryChanges in serum proteins and mitotic activity in the liver of Lewis rats were studied after partial hepatectomy or sham operation, at intervals of 6 hours to 15 days. A rise of beta-globulin fraction roughly paralleled the rise in mitotic activity. Serum protein changes in sham-operated animals showed a similar trend but were less pronounced.
Presidential election coalitions in 1984

This report provides an update of major characteristics of the Democratic and Republican party coalitions for the recent U.S. presidential election. Earlier reports published in this Review have provided this kind of analysis from 1952 to 1980.
231 THE RISING TIDE OF COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Background Since the original community-acquired cases of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were first described in the early 1980s, there is an increased awareness of this pathogen throughout the United States. Originally described as outbreaks among those living in close quarters, there appears to be an increase in cases among patients without traditional risk factors. Objectives To determine if the prevalence of CA-MRSA at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC) is increasing from June 2000-May 2001 to June 2004-May 2005. Secondary objectives are to determine the relationships that health risks, race, gender, and age play in this complex health care issue. Methods All cases of MRSA-positive cultures were identified by the UMMC Microbiology Laboratory from June 2000-May 2001 and June 2004-May 2005. Using previously described inclusion criteria, charts were reviewed and cases were determined to be community acquired. These cases were further characterized by age, sex, ethnicity, and comorbid conditions. Results Of the 453 MRSA cases in 2000-2001, 33 (7%) were determined to be community acquired. Of the 935 cases in 2004-2005, 219 (23%) were determined to be community acquired. This represented a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of outpatient cases from 24 to 129 cases per 100,000 (p Conclusion As has been observed in other parts of the country, CA-MRSA cases have increased in our institution, as have the percentage of MRSA cases that are community acquired. African American ethnicity appears to no longer be associated with a higher prevalence of CA-MRSA in our institution. Although diabetes mellitus and HIV continue to be associated with a higher prevalence of CA-MRSA, the majority of patients with CA-MRSA do not have underlying risk factors.
ICA and Its Application in the Identification of Gas/Liquid Two-Phase Flow

The independent component analysis(ICA) is applied to study the two-phase flow identification.According to the improved J-H algorithm of ICA which based on higher order statistics,the reliability of the method was conformed using given modulate signals and different fluid flow of monophase of oil,gas and water response signals to emulate tow-phase and three-phase mixed up signal sources.The field productive well logging gas and liquid two-phase signals which responded by muli-channel sensors were separated,compare and analysis indicate that signals which characterize the gas and liquid information respectively are successfully separated from mixed signals of well logging.
Lack of IgG4 antibody response to carbohydrate antigens in patients with lymphatic filariasis

It has been suggested that humans are genetically restricted from making IgG4 antibody responses to carbohydrate antigens. To test this hypothesis we examined sera from 35 patients with bancroftian filariasis (an infection known to induce very high levels of IgG4 antibodies to the parasite and known to be associated with repeated streptococcal infections) as well as from 15 normal individuals for their IgG and IgG subclass responses to streptococcal protein [streptolysin-O (SO), deoxyribonuclease B (DB)] and carbohydrate [group A carbohydrate (GAC)] antigens. Levels of IgG antibodies to all three antigens were found to be significantly higher in the filariasis patients compared to normals (P less than 0.01), and the subclass composition of these antibodies proved heterogenous. Although responses to all three antigens included IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibodies and although IgG4 responses to the proteins SO and DB were significantly higher in the filariasis patients than in normals (P less than 0.001), more importantly there were no detectable anti-GAC IgG4 antibodies in either study group. These observations, coupled with our earlier finding of the absence of IgG4 responses to phosphocholine (PC) in patients with lymphatic filariasis, suggest that even the chronic antigenic stimulation of filarial helminth infection, which leads to very prominent IgG4 responses to protein antigens, cannot overcome the genetic restriction in humans for making IgG4 antibodies to carbohydrate antigens, whether of parasite or non-parasite origin.
Reconstruction With Pedicled Anterolateral Thigh Flap After Wide Local Excision of Penoscrotal Extramammary Paget's Disease: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Objective: The clinical characteristics, management, and prognostic indicators of penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease are not clearly defined. Surgical excision is often an effective treatment modality but results in a large wound after resection of all involved tissues. Methods: Reconstruction of large penoscrotal soft-tissue defects after wide local excision remains a challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. The use of the anterolateral thigh flap for penoscrotal reconstruction after resection of extramammary Paget's disease is infrequent as a reconstruction tool throughout the literature. Results: We discuss a case where the anterolateral thigh flap was effectively used for reconstruction of a large penoscrotal defect after wide local excision of penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease and present a comprehensive literature review of extramammary Paget's disease key features, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Conclusions: The anterolateral thigh flap is a useful tool for penoscrotal defect reconstruction.
An experimental comparison of simulation optimization techniques

In this paper, we present our computational experience in optimizing simulation experiments with four different optimization techniques. The techniques that we compare are the RSM of Smith [3b], th...
Correlation Between the Kinetic Properties of Ionic Channels and the Frequency of Membrane-Potential Resonance in Hair Cells of the Bullfrog

The resolution of stimuli into their constituent frequency components is accomplished, not only by the mechanical and hydrodynamic properties of the ear, but also by tuning mechanisms intrinsic to individual hair cells. In the basilar papilla of the alligator lizard, for example, frequency selectivity is based upon mechanical resonance of individual hair bundles (Frishkopf and DeRosier, 1983; Holton and Hudspeth, 1983). In this instance, such mechanical properties of the bundles as their lengths, masses, drags and stiffnesses determine the characteristic frequencies of the hair cells.
Magnetic slippery extreme icephobic surfaces.

Anti-icing surfaces have a critical footprint on daily lives of humans ranging from transportation systems and infrastructure to energy systems, but creation of these surfaces for low temperatures remains elusive. Non-wetting surfaces and liquid-infused surfaces have inspired routes for the development of icephobic surfaces. However, high freezing temperature, high ice adhesion strength, and high cost have restricted their practical applications. Here we report new magnetic slippery surfaces outperforming state-of-the-art icephobic surfaces with a ice formation temperature of -34 °C, 2-3 orders of magnitude higher delay time in ice formation, extremely low ice adhesion strength (≈2 Pa) and stability in shear flows up to Reynolds number of 105. In these surfaces, we exploit the magnetic volumetric force to exclude the role of solid-liquid interface in ice formation. We show that these inexpensive surfaces are universal and can be applied to all types of solids (no required micro/nano structuring) with no compromise to their unprecedented properties.
Shingles as the underlying cause of orbital myositis in an adolescent: A case report.

Abstract Purpose Orbital myositis is characterized by pain with eye movements, gaze restriction, diplopia, and enlargement of extraocular muscles on imaging. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is an extremely rare cause of the disease in the elderly and has never been reported in a patient younger than forty-five years old such as the adolescent described herein. We present this case to raise awareness of an entity that will likely become more prevalent due to current vaccine strategies. Observation We present the case of a 13-year-old girl with VZV-associated orbital myositis and meningitis that had a quick and complete recovery following IV acyclovir and oral steroids. Conclusions and importance In conclusion, orbital myositis is an extremely rare complication of facial VZV infections. Our case highlights the importance of prompt detection and treatment in the pediatric population.
A joint analysis of production and seeding strategies for new products: an agent-based simulation approach

The goal of this paper is to provide a joint analysis of marketing and production strategies for new products to find the optimal combination of seeding and inventory build-up policies. We propose and experiment with an agent-based simulation model of new technology diffusion to evaluate different seeding criteria, fraction of the market to seed, and inventory build-up policies under various social network structures, demand backlogging levels, and product categories. In contrast to previous findings (that are mainly based on the assumption of unlimited supply), we show that the seeding strategy that maximizes the adoption rate is not necessarily optimal in the presence of supply constraints. More importantly, we show that determining seeding and build-up policies sequentially may lead to suboptimal decisions and that the optimal combination of seeding and build-up policy varies for different product categories. We study different small-world and scale-free networks and illustrate how the distribution of long-range connections and influential nodes affect the adoption, demand backlogging, and lost sales dynamics as well as the overall profit. The important implications of the findings for diffusion research as well as marketing and operations management practice are also discussed.
IL-27 is negatively regulated by PGE2 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages (CCR4P.205)

Interleukin-27 (p28/EBI3) is expressed by activated antigen presenting cells in response to TLR ligands and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The immunosuppressive functions of IL-27 have previously been demonstrated to occur through the induction of type 1 regulatory T cells, inhibition of Th17 cell development, and anti-inflammatory effects in murine models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. We previously showed the pro-inflammatory effects of PGE2 in CIA and IBD through stimulation of IL-23 production leading to development of Th17 cells. Here we report on a novel pro-inflammatory function of PGE2 through the inhibition of IL-27 production by LPS-stimulated and poly I:C-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and macrophages. We determined the effect of PGE2 on LPS-stimulated BMDC was mediated through EP2/EP4 receptors and induction of cAMP. Previous studies detailed the involvement of NF-κB (c-Rel) and interferon regulatory factors in IL-27p28 gene activation. The current project examines the effect of PGE2 on c-Rel, IRF1 and IRF3 utilizing luciferase reporter assays, gene expression and protein analysis. These studies further characterize the inflammatory mechanisms of PGE2, and might identify novel therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory diseases.
Managing Disclosure through Social Media: How Snapchat is Shaking Boundaries of Privacy Perceptions

The rise of online human communication tools commonly referred to as social media apps are changing the dynamics of interpersonal relationships through self-disclosure and privacy management. However, little scholarly research is speaking to the broader role of social media as a method of privacy management in the context of interpersonal relationships. Therefore, this study focuses on Snapchat, a smartphone photo-share app and its influences on privacy management and privacy boundaries centered around the process of building and strengthening relationships through disclosure of private information. Using qualitative interview technique, results from 75 Snapchat users led to the identification and discussion of three categories related to Communication Privacy Management Theory: privacy ownership, privacy control, and privacy turbulence. Finally, this investigation explores and describes a new way in which scholars can view Snapchat through McLuhan’s claim that the medium is the message.
Congenital Intrahepatic Portosystemic Venous Shunt With an Associated Aneurysm: Sonographic Diagnosis:

Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts with associated aneurysms are extremely rare anomalous communications between intrahepatic portal veins and systemic veins through intrahepatic venous chann...
Effort-cost decision-making in psychosis and depression: could a similar behavioral deficit arise from disparate psychological and neural mechanisms?

Motivational impairment is a common feature of both depression and psychosis; however, the psychological and neural mechanisms that give rise to motivational impairment in these disorders are poorly understood. Recent research has suggested that aberrant effort-cost decision-making (ECDM) may be a potential contributor to motivational impairment in both psychosis and depression. ECDM refers to choices that individuals make regarding the amount of ‘work’ they are willing to expend to obtain a certain outcome or reward. Recent experimental work has suggested that those with psychosis and depression may be less willing to expend effort to obtain rewards compared with controls, and that this effort deficit is related to motivational impairment in both disorders. In the current review, we aim to summarize the current literature on ECDM in psychosis and depression, providing evidence for transdiagnostic impairment. Next, we discuss evidence for the hypothesis that a seemingly similar behavioral ECDM deficit might arise from disparate psychological and neural mechanisms. Specifically, we argue that effort deficits in psychosis might be largely driven by deficits in cognitive control and the neural correlates of cognitive control processes, while effort deficits in depression might be largely driven by reduced reward responsivity and the associated neural correlates of reward responsivity. Finally, we will provide some discussion regarding future directions, as well as interpretative challenges to consider when examining ECDM transdiagnostically.
The “Spirit” of Confucian Education in Contemporary China: Songyang Academy and Zhengzhou University:

The recent reincarnation of Songyang Academy, one of the “Four Great Academies” of the Northern Song dynasty, is an example of “academy fever” 书院热 in China today. Along with nearby Shaolin Temple, ...
Vagal Nerve Simulation

Abstract Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a safe and reliable treatment adjunct for patients with medically intractable epilepsy. It is both a preventive and an abortive form of therapy, effective against both partial and generalized seizures in adults and children. VNS also has a number of serendipitous effects on mood, memory, and attention, and has been approved for the treatment of refractory depression. Its principal limitations are its unknown mechanism of action, the low likelihood of complete cure, and the inability to predict which patients will derive substantial benefit. This chapter reviews the theoretical rationale, practical background, and clinical applications of VNS therapy.
Resilience as a moderator between syndemics and depression in mothers living with HIV

Physical and emotional adversities in mothers have rippling effects across the family system. While an association between individual maternal adversities and problematic mental health outcomes has...
Senior Community Resilience with a Focus on Critical Transportation Infrastructures: An Accessibility-Based Approach to Healthcare:

The importance of bridges to mobility in transportation is well known. However, the identification of bridges that influence the mobility of senior members of communities has not been evaluated. Th...
Quantitative assessment of karst pore volume in carbonate reservoirs

Evaluating uncertainty in karst pore volume (KPV) is a current industry challenge that is critical for field development planning and optimizing recovery. Hydrocarbon pore volume in karst can be significant in large super-giant fields. Although a wide variety of karst features and the geologic processes that describe their morphology have previously been described in many studies, understanding exactly how to translate this knowledge of karst into practical guidelines for the assessment of pore volume in carbonate reservoirs remains an industry challenge. In this paper, we present a robust model-assisted characterization workflow that integrates well data, seismic data (when available), drilling data, geologic concepts from modern and ancient outcrop analogs, and the application of discrete fracture network (DFN) technology to explicitly model karst features. These DFN models of karst serve as powerful visualization and communication tools in addition to quantifying the KPV. The model-assisted characterization workflow presented is specifically designed for the rapid evaluation of multiple viable geologic scenarios in recognition of the inherent uncertainty in karst morphology, fill, and sampling bias. We present nomograms to facilitate fast practical estimates of karst abundance and porosity, as well as cave area estimates from volumes lost while drilling to help condition and validate the morphometric inputs used for modeling karst. A synthetic reservoir case study with varying degrees of karst that is interpreted to be coastal in origin is used to demonstrate the workflow.
Relational Challenges in Mentoring Leaders

Mentoring is touted as an important method for leadership development, but surprisingly little research has focused on how to improve mentoring specifically for leader development. In this study, 2...
Abstract WP14: Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Endovascular Therapy Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Mechanical thrombectomy has recently been proven to improve outcomes in selected patients with acute ischemic stroke, prompting concerns about equitable access to this treatment. Meth...
Ethylene response of salt stressed rice seedlings following Ethephon and 1-methylcyclopropene seed priming

Salinity stress is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses affecting rice growth and productivity. Several phytohormones in rice contribute towards salinity response, including ethylene (ET). Furthermore, priming of rice seedlings with different chemicals has revealed new insights in rice stress physiology. Therefore, the hydroponic culture experiment under completely randomized design (CRD) factorial was conducted to study the effects of seed priming with two contrasting chemicals 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and Ethephon with respect to ET production under salinity stress levels 0 (control, CK) and 25 mM NaCl (salinity stress, SS) on cultivar Zhongzheyou 1 (indica) with five replications. Results revealed that the use of 1-MCP and Ethephon improved overall rice seedling germination and growth as compared to the unprimed one under salinity stress. Early germination rate was found to be higher in the Ethephon primed seedlings. However, the late germination rate, overall seedling vigor index (SVI), total plant dry biomass (higher as 37.8 and 42% in 1-MCP-primed seeds, and 28.1 and 21.3% higher in Ethephon-primed seeds than no primed seeds under both salinity levels), other agronomic traits, and SPAD value were found to be higher in the 1-MCP primed seedlings. Further, the production of reactive oxygen species was comparatively higher in the Ethephon primed seedlings than the 1-MCP-primed seedlings. In addition, evaluation of ET levels and expression profiling (qRT-PCR) of some ET signaling genes revealed that Ethephon priming resulted in elevated ET concentration and upregulated ET signaling genes, including OsACS1 and OsEIN2. Overall, our results provide a basic idea of the role of rice seed priming with Ethephon and 1-MCP under salinity condition and their effects on the ET interplay. Ethylene response of salt stressed rice seedlings following Ethephon and 1-methylcyclopropene seed priming. SG speed of germination, GE germination energy percentage, 3rd and 6th DAS 3rd and 6th day after sowing, FG final germination.
When did Population III star formation end

We construct a theoretical framework to study Population III (Pop III) star formation in the post-reionization epoch ($z\lesssim 6$) by combining cosmological simulation data with semi-analytical models. We find that due to radiative feedback (i.e. Lyman-Werner and ionizing radiation) massive haloes ($M_{\rm halo}\gtrsim 10^{9}\ \rm M_{\odot}$) are the major ($\gtrsim 90$%) hosts for potential Pop III star formation at $z\lesssim 6$, where dense pockets of metal-poor gas may survive to form Pop III stars, under inefficient mixing of metals released by supernovae. Metal mixing is the key process that determines not only when Pop III star formation ends, but also the total mass, $M_{\rm PopIII}$, of \textit{active} Pop III stars per host halo, which is a crucial parameter for direct detection and identification of Pop III hosts. Both aspects are still uncertain due to our limited knowledge of metal mixing during structure formation. Current predictions range from early termination at the end of reionization ($z\sim 5$) to continuous Pop III star formation extended to $z=0$ at a non-negligible rate $\sim 10^{-7}\ \rm M_{\odot}\ yr^{-1}\ Mpc^{-3}$, with $M_{\rm PopIII}\sim 10^{3}-10^{6}\ \rm M_{\odot}$. This leads to a broad range of redshift limits for direct detection of Pop III hosts, $z_{\rm PopIII}\sim 0.5-12.5$, with detection rates $\lesssim 0.1-20\ \rm arcmin^{-2}$, for current and future space telescopes (e.g. HST, WFIRST and JWST). Our model also predicts that the majority ($\gtrsim 90$%) of the cosmic volume is occupied by metal-free gas. Measuring the volume filling fractions of this metal-free phase can constrain metal mixing parameters and Pop III star formation.
Length-Matching-Constrained Region Routing in Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits

It is known that the pipelined architecture in a rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) circuit can be constructed by inserting a set of path-balancing $D$ -type flip-flops (DFFs) into some gate columns. Based on the assignment of the gates involving the splitters (SPLs) inside each gate column in the placement stage, the passive transmission line (PTL) region between two adjacent gate columns can be formed for a set of 2-pin connections in the routing stage. In this article, given a set of 2-pin connections with length-matching constraints inside one PTL region, based on the efficient utilization of available space in two routing layers, a new grid-based Manhattan routing model can be defined to use available space inside two routing layers for the insertion of the extension lengths on the given connections. To minimize the routing width inside one PTL region, a two-way track-assignment-based routing algorithm using the defined routing model can be first proposed to assign two partitioned sets of vertical intervals onto the used tracks inside two routing layers and connect the corresponding horizontal segments for the given connections with no extension length. Based on the definition of the available areas in the initial two-layer routing result, an iterative flow-based insertion algorithm can be further proposed to insert the feasible detouring paths onto the available areas for the extension lengths on the given connections. If there is no available area for the extension lengths on the unsatisfied connections, an efficient insertion algorithm can be proposed to insert the detouring paths onto one extra area for the extension lengths on the unsatisfied connections. Compared with Kito’s routing algorithm and Cheng’s routing algorithm in length-matching-constrained region routing, the experimental results show that our proposed routing algorithm can use reasonable CPU time to decrease 22.2% and 16.3% of the region width for 12 tested examples on the average, respectively.
Design and performance testing of a novel emergency ventilator for in-hospital use.

Background: The rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased use of critical care resources, particularly mechanical ventilators. Amidst growing concerns that the health care system could face a shortage of ventilators in the future, there is a need for an affordable, simple, easy to use, emergency stockpile ventilator. Methods: Our team of engineers and clinicians designed and tested an emergency ventilator that uses a single limb portable ventilator circuit. The circuit is controlled by a pneumatic signal with electronic microcontroller input, using air and oxygen sources found in standard patient rooms. Ventilator performance was assessed using an IngMar ASL 5000 breathing simulator, and it was compared with a commercially available mechanical ventilator. Results: The emergency ventilator provides volume control mode, intermittent mandatory ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure. It can generate tidal volumes between 300 and 800 mL with <10% error, with pressure, volume, and waveforms substantially equivalent to existing commercial ventilators. Conclusions: We describe a cost effective, safe, and easy to use ventilator that can be rapidly manufactured to address ventilator shortages in a pandemic setting. It meets basic clinical needs and can be provided for emergency use in cases requiring mechanical ventilation because of complications due to respiratory failure from infectious diseases.
Two-staged revision of the infected total elbow arthroplasty with an articulating spacer: a good option for an unsolved problem

Abstract Background/Purpose Infection after total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is a difficult problem for both patients and surgeons. When two-stage revision is required, a custom antibiotic laden articulating spacer fashioned using Ilizarov external fixation rods allows for a functional elbow prior to revision. The purpose of this review and case series is to investigate clinical and patient reported outcomes of the articulating spacer and investigate its effectiveness as bridge prosthesis and a long-term option prior to revision. Methods A retrospective review between 2016 and 20 identified patients with an infected TEA treated with an articulating spacer. Patient age, surgical indication, spacer duration, and comorbidities were recorded. Outcome scores included Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain (1-10), Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) (0-100%) of overall elbow function, and range of motion at the pre-spacer, three month, and most recent follow-up visit. Statistical analysis compared outcomes at each time period using an analysis of variance or Friedman's test followed by post-hoc analyses using paired t-tests or Sign tests. Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) was calculated for pain and SANE scores. Results Eleven articulating spacers (9 patients) with 13 months mean spacer implantation were identified. Mean long-term spacer implantation (4 patients, 6 spacers) was 22 months (range 7-40). Median pain scores were significantly lower at three month and latest follow-up relative to preoperative assessment. Analysis of long term spacers revealed a significant decrease in pain scores from pre-op to 3 months. Analysis of SANE scores demonstrated three month and latest follow-up scores to be significantly improved from preoperative assessment. SANE scores for long-term spacers were significantly improved at three months and last follow-up. Range of motion analysis demonstrated no significant differences other than significantly increased pronation/supination at three months in long term spacers. Eight of 11 spacers met MDC for pain and 5/11 for SANE at three months. Three of 6 long-term spacers met MDC for SANE. Total implant cost is $158.32. Conclusion Most spacers are effective in clearing infection, but a custom articulating spacer importantly provides significant, early pain relief and improved patient reported function of the elbow. Improvements in range of motion are also achieved. An articulating spacer allows for an improved quality of life during the interim period prior to revision as well as a long-term option providing sustained improvement in function for those unwilling to undergo further surgery or with complex medical issues that preclude them from a definitive revision. Level of Evidence Level IV; Case Series
Exploring the Retropubic Space: Resection of Urethral Leiomyoma

Study Objective demonstrate the technique of developing the retropubic space, review relevant anatomy, and to discuss the differential diagnosis of a periurethral mass. Design Stepwise demonstration of retropubic space dissection and resection of a urethral leiomyoma with narrated video footage. Setting Academic medical center. Patients or Participants 63 year old woman with history of hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy performed for endometriosis presented with 2 years of chronic pelvic pain. The patient reported feeling constant pressure on her bladder, which was particularly noticeable when voiding. Interventions Robotic-assisted dissection of the retropubic space and resection of periurethral mass. Measurements and Main Results The periurethral mass was resected and pathology revealed benign leiomyoma. The patient had improvement in her urinary-associated pain symptoms. Conclusion Gynecologic surgeons should feel comfortable developing the retropubic space because this dissection is necessary for many procedures such as retropubic suspension, ureteral reimplantation, psoas hitch, and removal of retropubic mesh. Understanding anatomy maximizes safety and success when tackling unusual pathology.