cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life change and the sensation seeking motive

College undergraduates were administered the Life Experiences Survey, the Discomfort scale of the Psychological Screening Inventory, and the most recent version of the Sensation Seeking Scale. The findings did not replicate Smith et al.'s results concerning the role that sensation seeking plays in the relationship between negative life change and psychological distress. However, the data suggest that the sensation seeking motive is a causal variable that is predictive of recent life events that college students have experienced, and that future life-stress research should examine the occurence of controllable life events as a function of subjects' personality traits. Language: en
Plasma tocopherol levels in sprue.

SummaryThree patients with sprue in relapse or early remission were found to exhibit very low plasma tocopherol levels. The rise in plasma concentration of tocopherols following an oral dose of 600 mg was less in a patient with sprue in relapse than in 7 healthy subjects. The average concentration of plasma tocopherols was essentially normal in 17 sprue patients treated with liver extract for long periods. These findings are of interest in view of the recognized occurrence of deficiencies of other fat-soluble vitamins in sprue.
Blowout Margin Estimation Based on Two Precursor Types

Lean, premixed combustion has been aggressively pursued in recent years because it offers a practical approach for reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from gas turbines. However, lean premixed flames pose a greater risk of blowout. Studies on swirl and dump stabilized flames have shown that as a flame approaches blowout, distinctive precursors occur, such as pockets of localized extinctions and brief flame shape transitions to a thin ‘tornado’ configuration. For this study, both precursor types are detected using separate, dedicated optical sensors. Observations indicate that the tornado mode is part of the blowout process in a 127 mm long combustor and that a localized extinction precursor immediately precedes the tornado mode transition. Despite the causality, the statistics of tornado bursts and localized extinctions suggest a ‘memoryless’ Poisson process, where the occurrence of one event type does not influence the time until the next event of the same type. Localized extinctions have been used previously for blowout margin estimation, and are well suited for the purpose because the occurrence frequency increases with diminishing margin. However, the signals commonly used to detect localized extinction events are noisy due to the nature of the flame; thus, detection is prone to false alarms. Detecting tornado bursts, by comparison, is less ambiguous but such events occur too rarely for blowout mitigation applications. The shortcomings of both precursor detection methods can be addressed by combining observations of both precursor types in a meaningful manner. The presence of tornado bursts indicates that the flame is near blowout; this fact can be used to calibrate margin estimation routines based upon localized extinction. However, this approach would require two sensors since any one optical sensor cannot directly differentiate both precursor types. A single sensor approach can be developed whereby the causal relationship between the two precursor types is exploited. Local extinctions with longer duration times can potentially perturb the flame into an alternate flow configuration. The presence of these tornado ‘triggers’ manifest as an increase in the low frequency content of the chemiluminescence signal. A low pass filter with the appropriate cutoff frequency can differentiate between the tornado-triggering and benign, inconsequential localized extinctions. Therefore, the same signal that detects localized extinctions can be filtered to capably predict tornado mode shifts. This scheme will enable robust margin detection and minimize sensitivity to noise.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Seeking the boundary of boundary extension.

Boundary extension (BE) is a remarkably consistent visual memory error in which participants remember seeing a more wide-angle image of a scene than was actually viewed (Intraub & Richardson, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 15:179–187, 1989). Multiple stimulus factors are thought to contribute to the occurrence of BE, including object recognition, conceptual knowledge of scenes, and amodal perception at the view boundaries (Intraub, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 3:117–127, 2012). In the present study, we used abstract scenes instead of images of the real world, in order to remove expectations based on semantic associations with objects and the schematic context of the view. Close-angle and wide-angle scenes were created using irregular geometric shapes rated by independent observers as lacking any easily recognizable structure. The abstract objects were tested on either a random-dot or a blank background in order to assess the influence of implied continuation of the image beyond its boundaries. The random-dot background conditions had background occlusion cues either present or absent at the image border, in order to test their influence on BE in the absence of high-level information about the scenes. The results indicate that high-level information about objects and schematic context is unnecessary for BE to occur, and that occlusion information at the image boundary also has little influence on BE. Contrary to previous studies, we also found clear BE for all conditions, despite using scenes depicting undetailed objects on a blank white background. The results highlighted the ubiquitous nature of BE and the adaptability of scene perception processes.
How do aphasic and normal speaking subjects restate a message in response to feedback

Abstract Seven aphasic and seven normal subjects (Ss) viewed and described 25 cartoon drawings. While Ss described individual pictures the experimenter provided one of three types of feedback: explicit feedback, for example, “Can you tell me anything else about it?”; false feedback, for example, asking a question about another picture; or implicit feedback, for example, “I can't find it.” five types of responses (recodings) were tallied. These included deletion, expansion, repetition, revision, and “other communicative behaviors.” It was found that (1) the normal Ss used significantly more expansion and deletion than the aphasics; (2) there were no significant differences between the groups for repetition, revision, and “other communicative behaviors”; and (3) the Ss' recodings varied depending on the type of feedback presented.
PROJECTION TECHNIQUES IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE. I

Abstract Projection techniques are formulated and analysed. They prove to be efficient because they obviate the explicit construction of orthonormal sets of states and because they almost exclusively employ one-body operators. Their use in nuclear structure calculations is strongly urged.
Driven ’’portulum’’: A rolling ball as a simple oscillating system

A classroom demonstration, a variation of the simple swinging pendulum, is described. In our ’’portulum,’’ a ball, driven by short blasts of air, rolls along a curved tube. The design of this device, its construction, and its usefulness to the teaching of physics are discussed. It is also shown that the oscillations of the rolling ball have the same mathematical form as the oscillations of a ball swinging along the same path, but with a lower frequency.
FOURIER AND WAVELET TRANSFORM FOR FLANK WEAR ESTIMATION — A COMPARISON

Abstract This article presents potential sensor data representation schemes for force and vibration signals in the context of flank wear estimation in turning processes. In particular, the performances of methods based on fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and fast wavelet transforms (FWTs) are compared using data from turning experiments. This research, for the first time, studies the performance of these modern sensor data representation schemes for flank wear estimation on a common platform and provides a useful insight into their merits and drawbacks. The flank wear estimates are computed continually from the features extracted through each representation scheme by using a simple recurrent neural network architecture. The results can be used for selecting correct data representation schemes for flank wear estimation.
Effects of l-serine dehydratase activity on l-serine production by Corynebacterium glycinophilum and an examination of the properties of the enzyme

Abstract The results with Corynebacterium glycinophilum AJ-3170 and various mutants from AJ-3170 indicated that l -serine production was almost inversely proportional to l -serine degrading activity. The crude extract of the parental strain, AJ-3170, showed l -serine and l -threonine degrading activities. The 2 activities were completely separated from each other by gel-filtration, indicating that each activity comes from a different enzyme. The l -serine degrading enzyme, l -serine dehydratase (SD), was purified 30-fold from AJ-3170. Molecular weight of SD was 130,000. The enzyme was specific for l -serine, activated slightly by FeCl 2 and inhibited by MnCl 2 . The double reciprocal plots of SD rate against substrate concentration gave an upwards-curved line. The value of [S] 0.5 was 35 mM.
Flow Field Upstream of an Orifice under Fixed Bed and Equilibrium Scour Conditions

AbstractFlow behavior upstream of a circular orifice with the invert at the bed level (initially) is investigated under fixed bed and equilibrium scour (mobile bed) conditions. The experiments are performed under three different constant heads and sediment sizes. Longitudinal and vertical components of velocity are measured in the vertical and horizontal planes passing through the center of the orifice. The velocity decay upstream of the orifice (along the centerline of the orifice) is slower for the fixed bed case than for the unbounded orifice. Under equilibrium scour condition, the velocity decay transitions from the velocity profile for the unbounded orifice to the fixed bed condition. The longitudinal velocity profiles in the horizontal plane at different locations upstream of the orifice are found to be similar for both fixed and mobile bed cases. The longitudinal velocity profiles in the vertical plane are also found to be similar for each case. The maximum velocity is found to occur below the cent...
Catalase in salivary gland striated and excretory duct cells. II. Body: an ellipsoidal peroxisomal organelle with crystalloid axial projections.

A new distinctive and unique peroxisomal organelle with a spindle shape has been observed in luminal epithelial cells of striated and excretory ducts of mouse salivary glands. Light microscopic studies indicate it has an ellipsoidal centre from which catalase-positive filamentous or rod-like processes protrude along its major axis; hence, it is called a ϕ body. A role for this specialized peroxisome in the formation of nearby free filaments and rods is suggested by the frequent observation of segmentation of its axial processes. Complementary ultrastructural studies of osmium-fixed preparations show that the deformation to an oval shape results from the pressure of the extruding crystalloid coincident with the major axis of the ellipsoidal body. The size range and conformation of ϕ body axial processes are comparable to those of free catalase-positive rods and filaments observed in the same cells. The periodic substructure of the crystalloid in the ϕ body core is identical with that of nearby cytoplasmic rods. These observations are consistent with the view that the rods and filaments observed free in the cytoplasm are formed by extrusion from the crystalloid core of the ϕ body. ϕ Bodies could also be responsible for the Aver rods of leukemic leukocytes.
High-Cadence Observations of an Impulsive Flare

We analyzed high-cadence observations of a C5.7 flare on 1999 August 23 at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). The observing wavelength was 1.3 A in the blue wing of Hα, with a cadence of 0.033 s. In addition, the hard X-ray's time profile obtained by the Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) and BBSO high-resolution magnetograms was compared with our Hα observations to understand in detail the particle precipitation in this event. The important results are as follows:
A comparative study of accumulation rates derived by He and Th isotope analysis of marine sediments

Abstract We present a detailed down-core analysis of helium isotope ratios and concentrations for bulk sediments from the central Equatorial Pacific that span the last two glacial-interglacial cycles. Measured 3 He 4 He ratios range from 1.0 × 10−5 to 2.1 × 10−4, or 7.4 to 149 times the atmospheric ratio. The 3He from interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) constitutes virtually all of the 3He measured within the sediment. Because carbonate accumulation rates are high in the Equatorial Pacific, the measured 3He concentrations are lower than have been measured elsewhere, and range from 4.7 × 10−13 to 3.0 × 10−12 cm3STP · g−1. If the cosmic dust 3He-flux is constant with time, sediment mass accumulation rates can be determined from the 3He concentration in sediments. The excess 230Th technique is an entirely independent method for calculating sediment mass accumulation rates because its source is in-situ decay of 234U in seawater. To first order, initial excess 230Th activities correlate with 3He concentrations within this core. Based on the 230Th results, we estimate the 3He-flux to the Earth's surface as (9.6 ± 2.0) × 10−16 cm3STP · cm−2 · a−1. If this flux has remained constant over extended periods of time, it can be used to determine sediment accumulation rates beyond the 230Th range (300,000 yr).
Measuring Father Involvement Within Low-Income Families: Who is a Reliable and Valid Reporter?

SYNOPSIS Objective. This study assesses and compares the internal reliability and predictive validity of fathers’ versus mothers’ reports of father involvement. Design. Two hundred and twenty-seven fathers and mothers reported separately on 6 identical items regarding father involvement with a designated focal child. Mothers reported on their own parenting and child demographic characteristics. Direct assessments assessed child cognitive skills. Results. Reliable composites of father involvement were similar across father versus mother reports and across resident versus nonresident and African American versus Latin American fathers. Father reports and a combined reporter composite predicted children's reading and math skills; mother reports showed significant relations to only to children's math skills. Conclusions. Simple surveys that include either father or mother reports of father involvement can be used to create reliable father involvement measures. Father reports of father involvement showed more c...
Determination of equilibrium constants for a sequential model of dioxygen binding by hemoglobin-inositol hexaphosphate complexes: the structural pathway from deoxy- to oxy-hemoglobin.

Abstract The affinity of human hemoglobin (Hb4) for dioxygen was determined in 0.050 m bistris, 0.005 m inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) at pH 7.0 and 20.0 °C. Binding of dioxygen by Hb4 was determined by detailed spectroscopic analysis of the absorption spectrum in the region from 460 to 620 nm. The absorption spectrum of samples at intermediate values of fractional saturation (F) could not be resolved into components of Hb4 and (HbO2 without generating a residual spectrum, the amplitude of which was greatest at F from 0.4 to 0.5 and least at values of F of 0 and 1. An equation of state for dioxygen binding by the Hb4-IHP complex was formulated and tested by its ability to predict (i) the equilibrium binding curve and (ii) the variation in amplitude of the residual spectrum with F. The equilibrium binding data was fitted to the following equation of state: F Hb = K 1 ( L ) + 2K 1 K 2 ( L ) 2 + 2K 1 K 2 K 3 ( L ) 2 + 4K 1 K 2 K 3 K 4 ( L ) 4 4[1 + K 1 ( L ) + K 1 K 2 ( L ) 2 + K 1 K 2 K 3 ( L ) 2 + K 1 K 2 ( L ) 4 ] where K1 is the equilibrium constant for binding of dioxygen to an α chain of the Hb4-IHP complex, K2 is the constant for the second α chain, K3 is the equilibrium constant for the large-scale conformational change, K4 is the equilibrium constant for binding of oxygen by both β chains, and (L) is the ligand concentration. The best-fitting values were as follows: K1, 0.03497 mm Hg−1; K2, 0.01368 mm Hg−1; K3, 2.44; K4, 0.0008867 mm Hg−2. The residual spectra were attributed to differential loading of dioxygen by the α and β chains. Equations of state for F of each chain are presented, and the amplitude of the residual spectra was shown to be accurately predicted by the differences in F of each chain when subjected to the constraint that the best-fitting values of K1–K4 be used in predicting saturation of each chain with dioxygen.
Permutation statistics and the q, t -Catalan sequence

The Catalan numbers occur ubiquitously in combinatorics. R. Stanley's book Enumerative Combinatorics 2 (1999) and its addendum (http://www-math.mit.edu/~rstan/ec/catadd.pdf) list over 95 collections of objects counted by the Catalan numbers. We augment this list with two additional collections of permutations that are enumerated by the Catalan numbers. Furthermore, we show that the generating function for either collection, relative to the classical coinversion and major index statistics, is precisely the q, t-Catalan sequence of Garsia and Haiman. This is proved by exhibiting weight-preserving bijections between the given collections and the set of Dyck paths. The bijections are based on encodings of Dyck paths and permutations as sequences of partitions.
Construction and Validation of a Scale to Measure Celebrity Endorsers' Perceived Expertise, Trustworthiness, and Attractiveness

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a scale for measuring celebrity endorsers' perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Accepted psychometric scale-development procedures were followed which rigorously tested a large pool of items for their reliability and validity. Using two exploratory and two confirmatory samples, the current research developed a 15-item semantic differential scale to measure perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. The scale was validated using respondents' self-reported measures of intention to purchase and perception of quality for the products being tested. The resulting scale demonstrated high reliability and validity.
Automated MALDI Matrix Deposition Method with Inkjet Printing for Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Careful matrix deposition on tissue samples for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is critical for producing reproducible analyte ion signals. Traditional methods for matrix deposition are often considered an art rather than a science, with significant sample-to-sample variability. Here we report an automated method for matrix deposition, employing a desktop inkjet printer (<$200) with 5760 × 1440 dpi resolution and a six-channel piezoelectric head that delivers 3 pL/drop. The inkjet printer tray, designed to hold CDs and DVDs, was modified to hold microscope slides. Empty ink cartridges were filled with MALDI matrix solutions, including DHB in methanol/water (70:30) at concentrations up to 40 mg/mL. Various samples (including rat brain tissue sections and standards of small drug molecules) were prepared using three deposition methods (electrospray, airbrush, inkjet). A linear ion trap equipped with an intermediate-pressure MALDI source was used for analyses. Optical microscopic examinati...
Scheduling with privacy constraints

In multi-tasking systems where a finite resource is to be shared, a scheduler dictates how the resource is divided among competing processes. Examples of systems which have schedulers include, a computer where the CPU needs to be shared between the different threads running, a cloud computing infrastructure with shared computing resources, a network router serving packets from different streams etc.. In such situations, when a processor is shared by multiple users, the delays experienced by jobs from one user are a function of the arrival pattern of jobs from other users, and the scheduling policy of the server. Consequently, a scheduling system creates a timing side channel in which information about arrival pattern from one user is inadvertently leaked to another. In this work, this information leakage is studied for a two user scheduling system. We first introduce a measure of privacy and then demonstrate that no scheduler can provide maximum privacy without idling/taking vacations, and consequently no policy can simultaneously be delay and privacy optimal.
Testing for a Psychokinetic Effect on Plants: Effect of a “Laying on” of Hands on Germinating Corn Seeds:

A possible psychokinetic effect on plants from the “laying on” of hands of a self-claimed “psychic healer” was studied in 3 procedures. The “healer” treated a sealed petrie dish containing germinating root growth-retarded corn seeds. In Procedure 1 randomly drawn corn seeds were pre-soaked for 12 hr. in a 2% NaCl solution. Seeds were then randomly assigned to 3 prepared petrie dishes: healing, control, and a control for the temperature of the healer's hands. Root growth was measured after 96 hr. Procedure 2 tested for a possible transitory healing effect following the same procedures as Procedure 1 but measuring the roots after 48 hr. In Procedure 3 the pre-soaking period of the corn seeds was reduced to 8 hr. to test the possibility that the 12-hr. pre-soaking period was too severe to allow a “healing effect” to be manifest. Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric) one-way analyses of variance yielded nonsignificant effects in all 3 experiments. Additional studies are needed to avoid a Type II error, i.e., to rul...
Infections Due to Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria

Rapidly growing mycobacteria, generally of low virulence, are capable of causing a wide spectrum of infections. Increasing reports in the literature, referral center experiences, and data from the Infectious Disease Society of America Emerging Infectious Disease Network suggest that greater numbers of infections are occurring. Epidemiological study is imperative in understanding the true incidence of these infections and preventing disease in vulnerable hosts. Especially problematic is pulmonary infection due to Mycobacterium abscessus, which is difficult to cure. New agents with enhanced activity against this group and other nontuberculous mycobacteria are needed. Here, we focus on the members of the rapidly growing mycobacteria because of their emerging importance in both sporadic infections and outbreak settings.
Evolution of the branchiostegal membrane and restricted gill openings in Actinopterygian fishes

A phylogenetic survey is a powerful approach for investigating the evolutionary history of a morphological characteristic that has evolved numerous times without obvious functional implications. Restricted gill openings, an extreme modification of the branchioste- gal membrane, are an example of such a characteristic. We examine the evolution of branchiostegal membrane morphology and highlight convergent evolution of restricted gill openings. We surveyed specimens from 433 families of actinopterygians for branchiostegal membrane morphology and measured head and body dimensions. We inferred a relaxed molecular clock phylogeny with branch length estimates based on nine nuclear genes sampled from 285 species that include all major lineages of Actinopterygii. We calculated marginal state reconstruc- tions of four branchiostegal membrane conditions and found that restricted gill openings have evolved independ- ently in at least 11 major actinopterygian clades, and the total number of independent origins of the trait is likely much higher. A principal component analysis revealed that fishes with restricted gill openings occupy a larger morphospace, as defined by our linear measurements, than do fishes with nonrestricted openings. We used a decision tree analysis of ecological data to determine if restricted gill openings are linked to certain environments. We found that fishes with restricted gill openings repeat- edly occur under a variety of ecological conditions, although they are rare in open-ocean pelagic environ- ments. We also tested seven ratios for their utility in dis- tinguishing between fishes with and without restricted gill openings, and we propose a simple metric for quantifying restricted gill openings (RGO), defined as a ratio of the distance from the ventral midline to the gill opening rela- tive to half the circumference of the head. Functional explanations for this specialized morphology likely differ within each clade, but its repeated evolution indicates a need for a better understanding of diversity of ventilatory morphology among fishes. J. Morphol. 000:000-000, 2015.
Covert Communication in Laboratories, Classrooms, and the Truly Real World

a more respectful tone. In sum, then, we have learned a great deal about the importance of subtle processes of nonverbal communication, but a great deal more is yet to be learned about these processes as they occur in the relatively sheltered context of laboratories and class- rooms and in the rough-and- tumble of the truly real world beyond. Abstract Hundreds of research stud- ies have demonstrated that one person's expectations for the be- havior of another person can ac- tually affect that other person's behavior. These studies impli- cate the operation of processes of covert communication, com- munication that is subtle, largely nonverbal, and ordinarily unin- tended. The earliest studies of these processes showed that through their expectations, labo- ratory researchers unwittingly affected the responses of their re- search participants. Later studies showed that teachers' experi- mentally induced expectations about their pupils affected the pupils' intellectual perfor- mance. Most recently, studies of covert communication processes have extended to diverse con- texts, such as the judicial and health care systems. For exam- ple, research indicates that judges' beliefs about the guilt of trial defendants can be un- wittingly communicated to ju- ries by the judges' nonverbal behavior during jury instruc- tion. In addition, studies of co- vert communication in medical contexts show that physicians' effectiveness in persuading their patients to enter into treatment can be predicted from their tone of voice in talk- ing to or about their patients. For example, one study showed that surgeons who used a bossy tone of voice when talking to their patients were more likely to be sued by their patients than were surgeons who used
Asynchronous resource management

As the organization of high-performance computers becomes more complex, the task of managing resources on them becomes increasingly difficult. The software layers which include the operating system, the runtime system, and the compiler must now map applications to machine architectures that consist of multiple CPUs, several layers of cache, deep memory hierarchies, file systems, interconnects, network interface cards, along the logical resources defined in the software system. To fully utilize all the available resources, software systems may use multiple sequential processes or threads that act on the passive resources of the system. This paper introduces a resource-centric event-driven model, where resources are active objects. We describe an algorithm that implements this model and show that this can significantly improve the performance of a wide variety of applications.
TRECON: A Trust-Based Economic Framework for Efficient Internet Routing

The fragility and the poor resilience of the Internet are manifested by the severe impact of network activities and the slow recovery after an earthquake damaged undersea cables and disrupted telephone and Internet access in East Asia in December 2006. Except the inefficiency of routing protocols, lack of efficient network monitoring mechanisms and lack of economic incentives to encourage service providers (SPs) to act cooperatively and promptly are other important reasons. In this paper, we build a trust-based economic framework called TRECON to address these open problems in Internet routing. The novelty of TRECON is combining an adaptive personalized trust model with an economic approach to provide independent trust-based routing among SPs. TRECON provides flexible policy support based on the trust-based economic mechanism so that autonomous organizations with varied interests and optimization criteria can be smoothly integrated together to achieve better adaptiveness and self-management. Through introducing the economic model, TRECON explores a new way to solve the economic problems and incentives issues in the collaboration among SPs. To show the flexibility of routing policies support, we propose four typical routing policies under the TRECON framework. We evaluate our approach by comparing these four trust-derived routing policies with the classical global shortest path routing approach. We find that the policy based on trustworthiness performs much better than all other policies under different network topologies in terms of delay, success delivery rate, and economic effects.
Six‐month outcomes in dental patients identified with hyperglycaemia: a randomized clinical trial

Aim To assess an approach to improving behavioural and glycaemic outcomes in dental patients who present with diabetes risk factors and previously unrecognized hyperglycaemia. Methods We randomized 101 individuals identified with potential diabetes or pre-diabetes into two interventions. In the basic/control intervention, participants were informed about their diabetes risk factors and blood test result, and advised to see a physician. In the enhanced/test intervention, patients received a detailed explanation of findings and their implications, a written report for the physician, and were contacted at 2 and 4 months to inquire whether medical follow-up had occurred. At a 6-month re-evaluation, outcome measures included visit to physician, positive lifestyle changes and reduction in HbA1c. Results Seventy-three subjects returned for the 6-month visit. The two intervention groups did not significantly differ in any of the outcome variables. Eighty-four percent of subjects reported having visited a physician post-randomization, and 49% reported at least one positive lifestyle change as a result of our intervention. In subjects identified with potential diabetes (baseline HbA1c ≥ 6.5%), HbA1c was reduced 1.46 ± 0.28% compared to baseline (p < 0.01). Conclusion Diabetes risk assessment and education by dental professionals of affected individuals unaware of their status may contribute to improved patient outcomes.
First Principles Study of Aluminum Deposition on Hydrogenterminated Si(100) Surface

The deposition of Aluminum on Si(100) surface has been investigated using density functional methods. This has been accomplished by adoption of a Si9H16 cluster to model the H terminated Si(100) 1X1 surface and Si9H15 cluster to model the surface with an unpaired electron. The predicted NLSD dissociation energy for the Si9H16 → Si9H15 + H is 86.3 ± 2.0 Kcal/Mol. This is in agreement with previous theoretical calculations on similar systems.
Remote sensing of vegetation and flooding on Magela Creek floodplain (Northern Territory, Australia) with the SIR-C synthetic aperture radar

The potential of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to study seasonal variations in floodplain inundation and accompanying changes in herbaceous plant communities was assessed for aquatic environments in the Kakadu region of northern Australia. Dual wavelength (C- and L-band), co- and cross-polarized (HH and HV) SAR imagery of the floodplain of Magela Creek, a tributary of the East Alligator River, was acquired in April and October 1994 during the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C (SIR-C) missions of the Space Shuttle. The results indicate the effectiveness of multifrequency, polarimetric SAR as follows: woody and herbaceous vegetation in flooded and nonflooded states can be mapped. Aquatic, herbaceous macrophyte communities, such as Nelumbo nucifera, Pseudoraphis grassland and Hymenachne-Eleocharis swamp, can be distinguished. Phenologic changes in macrophyte communities between April and October are apparent. The similarity of the Magela floodplain to the extensive floodplains in northern Australia suggests that these results can be extended regionally.
Women and Modernization Theory: A Decade of Feminist Criticism

The literature on women's roles in economic and political development, and on the impact of development policies on women, illuminates both the process of modernization and the nature of male-female relations. Three main kinds of approaches-liberal modernization theory and its feminist critiques, socialist approaches and their feminist critiques, and an eclectic “female sphere” position that emphasizes the need to replace male-dominated theory and practice with female experience and values-are discussed. Each approach has a distinct view of the causes, consequences, and significance of women's inferior status during modernization, and each proposes different strategies of change. The clarification of theoretical differences suggests new opportunities for productive research with implications for public policy.
Intimate Partner Violence Among Men Having Sex with Men, Women, or Both: Early-Life Sexual and Physical Abuse as Antecedents

Little is known about the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) or about childhood adversity as a predictor of IPV among MSM. Studies have documented high rates of childhood sexual abuse among MSM. To evaluate associations of early-life sexual and physical abuse with IPV among African American heterosexual men or MSM, prevalence of early-life (≤ 21 years) sexual and physical abuse was measured among 703 nonmonogamous African American men. Men were classified as (1) MSM who disclosed male sex partners; (2) MSM who initially denied male sex partners but subsequently reported oral-genital and anal-genital behaviors with men; (3) non-MSM. MSM who initially disclosed male sex partners reported significantly (P < 0.0001) higher rates of early physical abuse (36%) and lifetime abuse (49%) compared with non-MSM (15 and 22%), respectively. These MSM reported significantly higher rates of sexual abuse by age 11, age 21, and over a lifetime compared with non-MSM (P < 0.0001). Being an MSM who initially disclosed male sex partners (OR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.6) and early-life sexual abuse (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.8, 4.3) was associated with IPV victimization in current relationships. Similarly, being an MSM with early-life physical and sexual abuse was associated (0.0004 ≤ P ≤ 0.07) with IPV perpetration. Early-life physical and sexual abuse was higher among MSM who disclosed male sex partners compared with heterosexual men; however, all MSM who experienced early-life abuse were more likely to be IPV victims or perpetrators.
Chronic dry eye in photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis: Manifestations, incidence, and predictive factors.

Purpose To evaluate dry-eye manifestations after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and determine the incidence and predictive factors of chronic dry eye using a set of dry-eye criteria. Setting Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. Design Prospective, non-randomized clinical study. Methods Dry-eye evaluation was performed before and after surgery. Main outcome measures included dry-eye manifestations, incidence, and predictive factors of chronic dry eye. Results This study comprised 143 active-duty U.S. Army personnel, ages 29.9 ± 5.2 years, with myopia or myopic astigmatism (manifest spherical equivalent −3.83 ± 1.96 diopters) having PRK or LASIK. Schirmer scores, corneal sensitivity, ocular surface staining, surface regularity index, and responses to dry-eye questionnaire significantly changed over time after PRK. After LASIK, significant changes were observed in tear breakup time, corneal sensitivity, ocular surface staining, and responses to questionnaire. Twelve months postoperatively, 5.0% of PRK and 0.8% of LASIK participants developed chronic dry eye. Regression analysis showed that pre-operatively lower Schirmer score will significantly influence development of chronic dry eye after PRK, whereas preoperatively, lower Schirmer score or higher ocular surface staining score will significantly influence the occurrence of chronic dry eye after LASIK. Conclusions Chronic dry eye was uncommon after PRK and LASIK. Ocular surface and tear-film characteristics during pre-operative examination might help to predict chronic dry-eye development in PRK and LASIK. Financial Disclosure The authors have no financial interest in any product, drug, instrument, or equipment discussed in this manuscript.
Introduction - Developmental neurobiology and psychiatry: Challenges and best practices for studies in children and adolescents

From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga. (Dr. Nemeroff), and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex. (Dr. Wagner). The symposium “Developmental Neurobiology and Psychiatry: Challenges and Best Practices for Studies in Children and Adolescents” was held October 3-4, 2003, in Henderson, Nev., and was sponsored by Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Inc. Dr. Nemeroff’s financial associations include receipt of research grants, consultancies, participation in speakers bureaus, ownership of stock, and board of directors memberships from multiple companies that produce psychoactive pharmaceutical agents. He holds a patent for a method and devices for transdermal delivery of lithium (US 6,375,990 B1) and has a provisional filing (April 2001) for a method to estimate serotonin and norepinephrine transporter occupancy after drug treatment using patient or animal serum. He also has equity in Reevax, BMC-JR LLC, and CeNeRx. Dr. Wagner’s financial associations with multiple pharmaceutical companies include receipt of research support and consultancies. Corresponding author and reprints: Charles B. Nemeroff, M.D., Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322 (e-mail: cnemero@emory.edu). Introduction
The influence of client platform on web page content: Measurements, analysis, and implications

Modern web users have access to a wide and diverse range of client platforms to browse the web. While it is anecdotally believed that the same URL may result in a different web page across different client platforms, the extent to which this occurs is not known. In this work, we systematically study the impact of different client platforms (browsers, operating systems, devices, and vantage points) on the content of base HTML pages. We collect and analyze the base HTML page downloaded for 3876 web pages composed of the top 250 web sites using 32 different client platforms for a period of 30 days — our dataset includes over 3.5 million web page downloads. We find that client platforms have a statistically significant influence on web page downloads in both expected and unexpected ways. We discuss the impact that these results will have in several application domains including web archiving, user experience, social interactions and information sharing, and web content sentiment analysis.
Quantitative Modeling of Microbial Population Responses to Chronic Irradiation Combined with Other Stressors

Microbial population responses to combined effects of chronic irradiation and other stressors (chemical contaminants, other sub-optimal conditions) are important for ecosystem functioning and bioremediation in radionuclide-contaminated areas. Quantitative mathematical modeling can improve our understanding of these phenomena. To identify general patterns of microbial responses to multiple stressors in radioactive environments, we analyzed three data sets on: (1) bacteria isolated from soil contaminated by nuclear waste at the Hanford site (USA); (2) fungi isolated from the Chernobyl nuclear-power plant (Ukraine) buildings after the accident; (3) yeast subjected to continuous γ-irradiation in the laboratory, where radiation dose rate and cell removal rate were independently varied. We applied generalized linear mixed-effects models to describe the first two data sets, whereas the third data set was amenable to mechanistic modeling using differential equations. Machine learning and information-theoretic approaches were used to select the best-supported formalism(s) among biologically-plausible alternatives. Our analysis suggests the following: (1) Both radionuclides and co-occurring chemical contaminants (e.g. NO2) are important for explaining microbial responses to radioactive contamination. (2) Radionuclides may produce non-monotonic dose responses: stimulation of microbial growth at low concentrations vs. inhibition at higher ones. (3) The extinction-defining critical radiation dose rate is dramatically lowered by additional stressors. (4) Reproduction suppression by radiation can be more important for determining the critical dose rate, than radiation-induced cell mortality. In conclusion, the modeling approaches used here on three diverse data sets provide insight into explaining and predicting multi-stressor effects on microbial communities: (1) the most severe effects (e.g. extinction) on microbial populations may occur when unfavorable environmental conditions (e.g. fluctuations of temperature and/or nutrient levels) coincide with radioactive contamination; (2) an organism’s radioresistance and bioremediation efficiency in rich laboratory media may be insufficient to carry out radionuclide bioremediation in the field—robustness against multiple stressors is needed.
A Novel Method to Register Post-Implant Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Pre-Plan Ultrasound Images to Evaluate Needle Passage through Neurovascular Bundles during Permanent Prostate Implant

respectively: I e 15.22%, 41.48%, 69.47%, 1192.46%, II e 16.31%, 40.09%, 66.61%, 1906.19%, III e 14.97%, 39.3%, 67.53%, 1182.16%. Mean urethral D10 (dose given to 10% of urethral volume) was established on respectively: 122.32%, 123.48% and 120.37%. Mean values of high doses parameters for urethra (Dmax, V100, Dmean) were as follows respectively for I group: 143.18%, 53.76%, 90.23%, for II: 144.7%, 53.76%, 97.34% and for III: 140.79%, 46.57%, 86.79%. Mean rectal D10 dose was estimated as 62.19% (I), 63.8 (II), 65.21% (III). According to parameters Dmax (90.76% - I, 90.85% - II, 84.68% - III), V100 (0.43% - I, 0.23% - II, 0.18% - III), Dmean (46.06% - I, 46.27% - II and 49.35% - III) were found as a hot spots in rectum volume. The doses values were presented as a percent or biologic effective dose in Gy. Comparison of dosevolume parameters was done by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: After statistical comparison we observed higher values of high target doses (V200, Dmax) in the second group of patients. Parameter V120 was the only one with statistical significance in Kruskal-Wallis test (p500264). According to these changes, parameters of target doses like D90 (87.76%) and V100 (82.5%) were lower in II than the other groups (without statistical significance). The urethral high dose-volume parameters were much higher in 46/ 2 x 10 Gy group - D10 (123.48%), Dmean (97.69%), V100 (54.2%), also without statistical significance. In the second group parameter Dmax (90.95%) for another organs at risk (rectum) was the highest and with smallest value of SD parameter (10.83%) can increase risk of serious complications in this localization. Conclusions: HDR brachytherapy parameters in prostate cancer treatment are not statistically different in most treatment schedules. HDR brachytherapy schedule with two lower doses fractions was less correct in terms of treatment planning system constraints.
CReST-Security Knitting Kit: Ready to Use Teaching Resources to Embed Security Topics into Upper Division CS Courses (Abstract Only)

Information Assurance and Security has been designated as a new knowledge area in the new ACM/IEEE-CS Curricula 2013. This is not a trivial task to accomplish, especially with lack of resources. With support from NSF (Award# DUE-1140864), we have developed a set of readily available resources called SecKnitKit (Security Knitting Kit, www.secknitkit.org), which offers a suite of instructional material for non-security faculty (faculty whose primary teaching/research focus is not security) to integrate security in upper division CS courses such as operating systems, software engineering, computer networks and databases. As part of the NSF CReST (CyberWorkshops: Resources and Strategies for Teaching Cybersecurity in Computer Science, DUE-1438861, www.crest4cs.org) project, this workshop will introduce CS faculty to the SecKnitKit resources that can be easily adaptable into any standard CS curriculum. The participants will receive access to all SecKnitKit materials (instructional and assessment) of interest and demonstrated use of the active learning exercises. Each participant will receive $125.00 stipend for his/her time. Requires a Windows or Mac laptop. Enrollment is limited to 28 participants who teach at least one of these courses: operating systems, software engineering, computer networks and databases).
Probabilistic Micro-earthquake Location For Reservoir Monitoring

Accuratelylocatingmicroseismiceventscanbeusedtomonitorfluidmigrationduringreservoirproductionandhydrofracturingoperations.Thisisusuallydonewithsparsenetworksofseismic sensors located in boreholes or with denser surface arrays. The data used for microearthquake monitoring are corrupted by noise, which reduces the signal-to-noise ratio to values as low as 0.1. Monitoring methods based on traveltime picking of various wave modes PorS cannot deal with this level of noise and require extensive user interaction.An alternative class of methods uses time reversal to focus microearthquake information at the source position. These methods can handle noisier signals becausetheydonotrelyoneventpickingorrecordedseismograms, but the methods are also costlier to run and still require picking locationswherewavefieldsfocus.Weadvocatethetime-reversal technique within the general framework of Bayesian inversion. Given an assumption about the possible locations of microearthquakes, we use recorded data to evaluate the feasibility of microearthquakes occurring at various locations in the earth. The method takes into account imaging imperfections caused by unknowncomponentsofthemodeloracquisitionarrayaperture. We simulate wavefields corresponding to possible sources distributedinthemodelandevaluatetheirmatchwiththewavefield reconstructed from the synthetic data recorded in the model. In thisregard,themethodoperateslikeapattern-recognitionprocedure and can exploit a wide variety of techniques designed for this purpose. We use simple crosscorrelation between simulated and reconstructed wavefields to take advantage of the speed and robustness of this technique. The wavefields reconstructed at various locations are used over time to scan the wavefield constructed from field data. Thus, our method can identify not only thepositionofthemicroearthquakesbutalsotheirorigintimesas wellastheorientationsofthefaultplanescharacterizingtheseismicsources.Mapsofprobabilityarethefinaloutcomeofthisautomated process, indicating the confidence of microearthquake occurrenceatvariouspositionsandtimes.