cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Real-time prostate motion assessment: image-guidance and the temporal dependence of intra-fraction motion.

Background: The rapid adoption of image-guidance in prostate intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) results in longer treatment times, which may result in larger intrafraction motion, thereby negating the advantage of image-guidance. This study aims to qualify and quantify the contribution of image-guidance to the temporal dependence of intrafraction motion during prostate IMRT. Methods: One-hundred and forty-three patients who underwent conventional IMRT (n=67) or intensity-modulated arc therapy (IMAT/RapidArc, n=76) for localized prostate cancer were evaluated. Intrafraction motion assessment was based on continuous RL (lateral), SI (longitudinal), and AP (vertical) positional detection of electromagnetic transponders at 10 Hz. Daily motion amplitudes were reported as session mean, median, and root-mean-square (RMS) displacements. Temporal effect was evaluated by categorizing treatment sessions into 4 different classes: IMRTc (transponder only localization), IMRTcc (transponder + CBCT localization), IMATc (transponder only localization), or IMATcc (transponder + CBCT localization). Results: Mean/median session times were 4.15/3.99 min (IMATc), 12.74/12.19 min (IMATcc), 5.99/5.77 min (IMRTc), and 12.98/12.39 min (IMRTcc), with significant pair-wise difference (p 0.05). Median intrafraction motion difference between CBCT and non-CBCT categories strongly correlated with time for RMS (t-value=17.29; p 4-6 minutes, and without any intrafraction motion mitigation protocol in place, patient repositioning is recommended, with at least the acquisition of the lateral component of an orthogonal image pair in the absence of volumetric imaging.
Confinement-deconfinement transition as an indication of spin-liquid-type behavior in Na(2)IrO(3).

We use ultrafast optical spectroscopy to observe binding of charged single-particle excitations (SE) in the magnetically frustrated Mott insulator ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$. Above the antiferromagnetic ordering temperature (${T}_{N}$) the system response is due to both Hubbard excitons (HE) and their constituent unpaired SE. The SE response becomes strongly suppressed immediately below ${T}_{N}$. We argue that this increase in binding energy is due to a unique interplay between the frustrated Kitaev and the weak Heisenberg-type ordering term in the Hamiltonian, mediating an effective interaction between the spin-singlet SE. This interaction grows with distance causing the SE to become trapped in the HE, similar to quark confinement inside hadrons. This binding of charged particles, induced by magnetic ordering, is a result of a confinement-deconfinement transition of spin excitations. This observation provides evidence for spin liquid type behavior which is expected in ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{3}$.
Radio frequency power system for inductive heating in ion sources

In the past large ion sources have been operated with filaments in conjunction with a high current arc. Tungsten filaments used in this application have a potential disadvantage of undesirable short life times, and they tend to contaminate the source with tungsten deposits. At Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory we have applied radio frequency (RF) induction to a multicusp negative ion source for many years. The RF generator, isolation transformer, matching circuit and RF induction coil are discussed. An equivalent circuit of the induction coil coupled to the plasma in the source is described. The effect of the induction coil geometry on the source plasma coupling is discussed, and measurements of the RF power transfer to the plasma source are given.
Evidence suggesting that the mechanism for aerobic and hypoxic cytotoxicity of nitroheterocycles is the same

Abstract The fluorescence of three nitroheterocycles (AF-2, trans-5-amino-3-(2-(5-nitro-2furyl) vinyl)- 1,2,4-oxadiazole and 4-NQO) was used to quantitate cellular uptake and binding using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Mean cellular fluorescence, proportional to the amount of bound drug, allowed accurate prediction of the amount of cell killing. At equitoxic concentrations, the same amount of drug was bound under either aerobic or hypoxic conditions. In addition, 5 mM glutathione was equally effective at inhibiting aerobic and hypoxic cell killing by AF-2. These results suggest that the mechanism for cell killing may be similar under aerobic and hypoxic conditions, and the presence of oxygen may influence the rate of drug uptake rather than the nature of the toxic species. The nitro anion radical, formed in the presence and absence of oxygen, seems a likely candidate for the “toxic species.”
Trk receptors: mediators of neurotrophin action

The four mammalian neurotrophins - NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4 - each bind and activate one or more of the Trk family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Through these receptors, neurotrophins activate many intracellular signaling pathways, including those controlled by Ras, the Cdc42/Rac/RhoG protein family, MAPK, PI3K and PLC-gamma, thereby affecting both development and function of the nervous system. During the past two years, several novel signaling pathways controlled by Trk receptors have been characterized, and it has become clear that membrane transport and sorting controls Trk-receptor-mediated signaling because key intermediates are localized to different membrane compartments. Three-dimensional structures of the Trk receptors, in one instance in association with a neurotrophin, have revealed the structural bases underlying specificity in neurotrophin signaling.
Interfaith Marriages of Catholics in the Detroit Area

In examining background factors in the interfaith marriages of Catholics, it is important to include not only those marriages in which both partners maintain their childhood affiliation but also those in which one partner converts. After examining the implications of this rule, this article presents a secondary analysis of some survey data from the Detroit area. The evidence indicates that the intermarriage rate for Catholic men is not significantly different from that of Catholic women, that education in Catholic schools predicts conversion rates rather than intermarriage rates, and that in one small sample a Catholic ceremony was most often chosen by the partners in a mixed marriage.
Nonunions of stress fractures of the tibia

Stress fractures of the tibia commonly occur in the proximal metaphysis and heal readily with rest. Fractures of the middle third of the tibia, on the other hand, are uncommon. We encountered six stress fractures of the middle third of the tibia over a 5 year period. None of these fractures healed with simple immobilization. One was treated with electromagnetic stimulation and failed to unite 2 years after presentation. One patient underwent a biopsy of the lesion without bone grafting and it had not healed when he was last seen. One patient sustained two acute complete fractures, and the stress fracture finally healed after the second acute fracture was openly reduced and internally fixed. The other three lesions were excised and grafted because of failure to unite. They all healed promptly. Stress fractures of the middle third of the tibia are unusual lesions. However, care must be taken in treating them. The patient must protect the extremity until the fracture has completely healed. Surgical excision and bone grafting of the lesion may be required if the fracture does not heal with plaster immobilization.
Shallow Structure and Stratigraphy of Liberian Continental Margin

The rifting of Africa from North and South America has affected the structural framework off Liberia in two episodes. As shown by bathymetry, seismic-reflection profiles, magnetic data, and stratigraphy, the southeastern third of the margin is cut by west-southwest-trending fracture zones which we interpret as the extension of the St. Paul's fracture zone. These fracture zones intersect the continental margin off Cape Palmas to give rise to a blockfaulted and slump topography, similar to that in the area where the Romanche fracture zone intersects the African continent off Cape Three Points, Ghana. The fracture zones are covered by a prograded wedge of presumed Tertiary and Cretaceous sedimentary rock off central Liberia. Adjacent to the northwestern third of the Liberian margin, northwest-trending basins filled mainly with Lower Cretaceous paralic sediments are under the continental shelf; they extend to the upper slope, where they are downdropped along a northwest-striking fault zone that separates the shelf deposits from a thick prism of sediment beneath the continental rise. The southeastern third of the margin appears to have formed during the separation of Africa and South America in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. The rest of the margin seems, more strongly influenced by the tensional forces created during the rifting of Africa and North America; volcanic rocks are Late Triassic to Early Jurassic in age, and shelf sedimentation occurred mainly after the continents broke apart.
Assessment of CHF Enhancement Mechanisms in a Curved, Rectangular Channel Subjected to Concave Heating

An experimental study was undertaken to examine the enhancement in critical heat flux (CHF) provided by streamwise curvature. Curved and straight rectangular flow channels were fabricated with identical 5.0 x 2.5 mm cross sections and heated lengths of 101.6 mm in which the heat was applied to only one wall--the concave wall (32.3 mm radius) in the curved channel and a side wall in the straight. Tests were conducted using FC-72 liquid with mean inlet velocity and outlet subcooling of 0.25 to 10 m s{sup {minus}1} and 3 to 29 C, respectively. Centripetal acceleration for curved flow reached 315 times earth`s gravitational acceleration. Critical heat flux was enhanced due to flow curvature at all conditions but the enhancement decreased with increasing subcooling. For near-saturated conditions, the enhancement was approximately 60% while for highly subcooled flow it was only 20%. The causes for the enhancement were identified as (1) increased pressure on the liquid-vapor interface at wetting fronts, (2) buoyancy forces and (3) increased subcooling at the concave wall. Flow visualization tests were conducted in transparent channels to explore the role of buoyancy forces in enhancing the critical heat flux. These forces were observed to remove vapor from the concave wallmore » and distribute it throughout the cross section. Vapor removal was only effective at near-saturated conditions, yielding the observed substantial enhancement in CHF relative to the straight channel.« less
Helminthic Transmission and Isolation of Ehrlichia Risticii, the Causative Agent of Potomac Horse Fever, by Using Trematode Stages From Freshwater Stream Snails

We report successful helminthic transmission of Ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of Potomac horse fever, using trematode stages collected from Juga yrekaensis snails. The ehrlichial agent was isolated from the blood of experimentally infected horses by culture in murine monocytic cells and identified as E. risticii ultrastructurally and by characterization of three different genes.
Both separation and eccentricity can limit precise position judgements: a reply to Morgan and Watt.

Abstract Weber's law is ubiquitous in position judgements. In a variety of position acuity tasks, the position threshold is proportional to the separation of the reference features. Recently, we (Klein & Levi, 1987; Levi, Klein & Yap, 1988) suggested that two sensory processes may serve to limit position acuity, and thus contribute to Weber's law for position. One is the target separation, and the other is the target eccentricity. In order to test this idea, we pitted separation against eccentricity by measuring spatial interval discrimination thresholds on an iso-eccentric arc (Levi et al., 1988). Over a 5-fold range of separations, we found that thresholds were independent of separation, and concluded that at large separations, eccentricity can limit precise position judgements. In the preceding article, Morgan and Watt (1989) have questioned this conclusion, and have shown that the effects of eccentricity are small in an arc length discrimination task. In the present article, we: (i) address the objections raised by Morgan and Watt; (ii) show that our data and 2-mechanism model are consistent with many previous studies; (iii) show that Morgan and Watt's task is inherently difficult, so that rather than tapping the sensory limits imposed by the target eccentricity, performance on the arc length task is constrained by the cognitive demands of the task, or by the difficulty of reconstruction. In contrast, the measurement of chord length (spatial interval discrimination on an iso-eccentric arc) can be simply done by calculating the distance between the endpoints. Thus, at large separations, thresholds for the chord length judgements are much lower than those of Morgan and Watt, and are proportional to the eccentricity of the targets.
Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus.

Feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus are frequently associated with multisystemic disease in cats. Clinical disease involving the eye and periorbital tissues can present in a variety of forms in the cat infected with feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus. Tissue damage may occur because of direct viral effects, or the virus may predispose the ocular tissues to secondary infections or neoplastic transformation due to immunomodulation. The ocular manifestations of both viral infections are reviewed.
Mössbauer Effect in Fe 57 at Very Low Temperatures

The preparation of a 10 mc Co/sup 57/ source in natural iron metal is described. The source was placed in an adiabatlc demagnetization cryostat fitted with thin windows of Mylar plastic and Beryllium metal. The 14.4-kev radiation was filtered by an oscillating resonant absorber of approximately 2 mg/cm/sup 2/ Fe/sup 57/ plated on a 0.1 mil nickel foil. Intensities were measured alternately in each direction over the same length of absorber travel. The absorption coefficients were examined by measuring the resonant gamma -ray transmission from the source at room temperature by the technique of Doppler- shifting the source relative to the cold absorber. Larger asymmetries are produced by cooling the source instead of the absorber, due to the magnetic moment difference between Co/sup 57/ and ground-state Fe/sup 57/. Calculations were made which predicted a larger over-all effect than the scheme of cooling an absorber; accordingly, the experiment was conducted using a cold source and absorber at room temperature. (B.O.G.)
Hybrid silicon-vanadium dioxide electro-optic modulators

Small-footprint, low-power devices that can modulate optical signals at THz speeds would transform next-generation onchip photonics. We describe a hybrid silicon–vanadium dioxide (Si-VO2) electro-optic ring resonator modulator as a candidate platform for achieving this performance benchmark. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a strongly correlated material exhibiting a semiconductor-to-metal transition (SMT) accompanied by large changes in electrical and optical properties. While VO2 can be switched optically on a sub-picosecond time scale, the ultimate electrical switching speed remains to be determined. In a 5 μm radius Si-VO2 ring resonator, we achieve 1.5 dB modulation in response to a 10 ns square voltage pulse of 2.5 V. In the steady state regime, we report a modulation depth of 10 dB. The larger modulation depth at longer timescales is attributed to a Joule heating contribution. Experimental results, corroborated by FDTD simulations, reveal the relationship between the portion of a VO2 patch undergoing the SMT and the resulting effects on the Si-VO2 device performance. This work indicates that with further reduction of VO2 patch sizes and increase in resonator Q factor, there is promise for the Si-VO2 ring resonator electro-optic modulator as a competitive option for on-chip photonics technology.
Sol-Flame Synthesis: A General Strategy To Decorate Nanowires with Metal Oxide/Noble Metal Nanoparticles

The hybrid structure of nanoparticle-decorated nanowires (NP@NW) combines the merits of large specific surface areas for NPs and anisotropic properties for NWs and is a desirable structure for applications including batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells, photoelectrochemical water splitting, and catalysis. Here, we report a novel sol-flame method to synthesize the NP@NW hybrid structure with two unique characteristics: (1) large loading of NPs per NW with the morphology of NP chains fanning radially from the NW core and (2) intimate contact between NPs and NWs. Both features are advantageous for the above applications that involve both surface reactions and charge transport processes. Moreover, the sol-flame method is simple and general, with which we have successfully decorated various NWs with binary/ternary metal oxide and even noble metal NPs. The unique aspects of the sol-flame method arise from the ultrafast heating rate and the high temperature of flame, which enables rapid solvent evaporation and ...
Presentation of the Dana Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2014 to Patricia Dove

It is a pleasure to introduce Patricia Dove as the 2013 Dana Medal winner. Trish is a superb scientist, a marvelous mentor, and a fabulous friend. I first got to know her when she was a student with David …
A “Turn-On” Fluorescent Sensor for Methylglyoxal

Methylglyoxal (MGO), a dicarbonyl metabolite produced by all living cells, has been associated with a number of human diseases. However, studies of the role(s) MGO plays biologically have been handicapped by a lack of direct methods for its monitoring and detection. To address this limitation, we have developed a fluorescent sensor (methyl diaminobenzene-BODIPY, or "MBo") that can detect MGO under physiological conditions. We show that MBo is selective for MGO over other biologically relevant dicarbonyls and is suitable for detecting MGO in complex environments, including that of living cells. In addition, we demonstrate MBo's utility in estimating plasma concentrations of MGO. The results reported herein have the potential to advance both clinical and basic science research and practice.
Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Winter Survival from Captures in Colored Leggett Traps

Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, collected from Leggett traps with their bases painted black, green, or Saturn yellow (standard trap) from August to December, were installed in hibernation cages. Weevils captured in each of the eight collection periods, from 1 August to 30 November, survived the winter. A greater percent survival occurred from those collected between 1 and 15 October and installed in hibernation cages than from those collected between 7 August and 15 September and installed in hibernation cages. Significantly greater numbers of weevils were collected by the standard trap than by black or green base traps. The weighted mean percent survival was not statistically different from that for those captured by the three colored base traps.
A Simple Cage for Maintaining Parasites

A cage was developed to handle the many strains and species of Trichogramma that are being received and tested at our laboratory at Columbia, Mo. It allows the production of a relatively large number of these parasites daily.
Turn-On Near-Infrared Fluorescent Sensor for Selectively Imaging Serotonin

A molecular imaging tool that provides for the direct visualization of serotonin would significantly aid in the investigation of neuropsychiatric disorders that are attributed to its neuronal dysregulation. Here, the design, synthesis, and evaluation of NeuroSensor 715 (NS715) is presented. NS715 is the first molecular sensor that exhibits a turn-on near-infrared fluorescence response toward serotonin. Density functional theory calculations facilitated the design of a fluorophore based on a coumarin-3-aldehyde scaffold that derives from an electron-rich 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline framework, which provides appropriate energetics to prevent the hydroxyindole moiety of serotonin from quenching its fluorescence emission. Spectroscopic studies revealed that NS715 produces an 8-fold fluorescence enhancement toward serotonin with an emission maximum at 715 nm. Accompanying binding studies indicated NS715 displays a 19-fold selective affinity for serotonin and a modest affinity for catecholamines over other pr...
Iodine nutrition status of pregnant women in Xiamen City after adjusting iodized salt concentration

[Objective]To understand the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women after implementation of‘Edible Salt Iodine Content'( GB26878-2011),and provide evidence for developing health policy. [Methods]The coverage rate of iodized salt,proportion of households using adequately iodized salt,urine-iodine and specific gravity of urine in pregnant women were investigated in Xindian Town of Xiang'an District in Xiamen City which was chosen as the research spot. [Results]In the baseline investigation and during the first-fifth self-assessment stage after carrying out the new standards,the coverage rates of iodized salt were all 100% and the iodine median value in pregnant women was 27. 8 mg / kg,25. 7 mg / kg,24. 3 mg / kg,23. 7 mg / kg,24. 3 mg / kg and25. 8 mg / kg,respectively. The iodine contents in the first-fifth selfassessment stage were all less than that in the baseline survey( all P 0. 01). The urinary iodine median value in pregnant women in the baseline investigation and the first-fifth assessment was103. 8 μg / L,128. 5 μg / L,138. 9 μg / L,100. 2 μg / L,97. 1 μg / L,and 96. 2 μg / L respectively. The urinary iodine content in the second assessment stage was higher than that in the baseline survey( P 0. 05). However,there were no significant differences between the first,the third,the forth,the fifth self-assessment stage and the baseline survey,respectively( all P 0. 05). The proportion of urine in pregnant women in the baseline investigation and the first- fifth self-assessment stage was 1. 012 3,1. 015 3,1. 018 0,1. 014 3,1. 014 1 and 1. 013 2 respectively. The proportions of urine in the first-third self-assessment stage were all higher than the baseline survey( all P 0. 05),and that of the forth and fifth self-assessment stage was not significantly different with the baseline survey( all P 0. 05). [Conclusion]After the implementation of the new standard,the iodinated content in salt in pregnant households has been reduced significantly. But the pregnant women are in iodine malnutrition before and after implementation of the new standard. It is necessary to strengthen the iodine nutrition for the health of the fetus.
Black raspberries in cancer clinical trials: Past, present and future.

BACKGROUND Black raspberries (BRB) inhibit a broad range of cancers in preclinical models, including in vivo models of oral, esophageal, colon, breast and skin cancer. Promising preclinical results have led to clinical evaluations in cancer patients or patients at increased risk for cancer development.
The Power Reactor Core

The chapter examines the core layouts of the common classes of power reactors and explains the concepts of heat transport and neutronic behavior. The reactors are designed with a wide variety of configurations. Some cores consist of molten materials in a container in which the liquid fuel itself is piped through circulation loops from which the heat is removed. Another type of core configuration is the pebble bed reactor where the fuel consists of a bed of solid spheres through which coolant is circulated to remove the heat. Most power reactors are cylindrical in shape with coolant flowing through channels extending the axial length of the core. In all cases, heat from fission is produced within the fuel and conducted to the coolant channel surface. The chapter presents in detail the impact of the reactor lattice structures on the neutronic behavior and in particular on the determination of the multiplication. It includes empirical formulas that provide reasonable approximations to resonance absorption with the effects of self-shielding. The chapter takes up the modeling of fast and thermal reactor lattices in order to examine the differences in flux magnitudes, and then to obtain expressions for multiplication explicitly in terms of the various core constituents.
High solids : Going higher?

High performance high-solids alkyds have been developed which can reduce significantly VOC emissions from decorative coatings. This paper looks at how high-solids alkyds can be used, from a technical and from a marketing point of view, in terms of understanding value in use and end user benefits.
Political Economy of Irrigation Development and Patterns of Spatial Inequalities across Agro-Climatic Regions of Krishna District

This article is a systematic documentation and analysis of events that motivated development of irrigation in Madras Presidency in general and Krishna district in particular. In Krishna district, when the anicut was built in 1855, the phase-wise excavation of canals determined the phases of development of irrigation (1855-1900; 1900-1965 and 1965-2001) leading to three agro-climatic regions in the district viz., delta, moderate and dry regions (taluks). An analysis of impact of irrigation in terms of gross sown area, cropping intensity, extent of irrigation, type of irrigation and cropping pattern revealed that during the colonial period, the delta region had a clearcut edge over the moderate and dry regions. However, the gap diminished during the post-colonial period due to the commencement of new irrigation projects in moderate and dry regions that were sponsored by the state. The paper concludes that with a pro-active role of the state by focusing on the less developed regions with appropriate policies one can successfully bring down spatial inequalities across regions.
The Influence of Cognitive Complexity, Empathy, and Mindfulness on Person-Centered Message Evaluations

More than 30 years of research shows that highly person-centered (PC) supportive messages that validate and acknowledge the feelings of others are consistently viewed as more beneficial than less PC-based messages. There are, however, differences in how well people can distinguish high and low PC messages. We argue that the combined influence of motivational factors (i.e., empathy) and cognitive factors (i.e., cognitive complexity, mindfulness) significantly impacts how people process and evaluate support messages that vary in PC. Participants (n = 331) completed a survey, and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that both cognitive complexity and empathy predicted the extent to which people are able to differentiate more and less PC messages. Interestingly and in line with past research, mindfulness directly predicted empathy but not cognitive complexity.
Control of Vortex Elements: Flat Coordinates vs. Adiabatic Control

Abstract We discuss two methods of controlling the motion of two elliptical vortex patches using a point vortex. One way is to use the method of flat coordinates (a brute force method). Hamiltonian structure of control field is important to prove controllability and Hamiltonian structure of nominal system leads to significant extension of reachable domain. The other approach is to use control that is a small perturbation compared with the nominal system. We show that control is a set of impulses in phase with fast (angle) variable of the nominal system. We compare the two approaches and discuss their relative advantages
Online Dating Profile Content of Older Adults Seeking Same- and Cross-Sex Relationships

ABSTRACTOnline dating is a common way for older adults to find a romantic partner, yet little is known about the dating motivations and self-presentations of older adults seeking same-sex relationships. These adults may have different approaches to dating than their counterparts seeking cross-sex relationships. Additionally, geographic location may shape online self-presentations and dating preferences due to regional differences in support for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) populations. This study used the Meaning Extraction Method (MEM; Chung & Pennebaker, 2008), to examine 3,343 dating profiles of adults aged 60 and over seeking same- or cross-sex relationships residing in geographic environments with low versus high structural support for GLBT individuals. Results revealed that adults emphasized their desire for a relationship in their profiles as well as hobbies/interests, shared experiences, romance, and humor. Older adults seeking same-sex relationships emphasized romance more so th...
Response by Packer to Letter Regarding Article, "Activation and Inhibition of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchange Is a Mechanism That Links the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus With That of Heart Failure".

I very much appreciate the kind comments from Drs Gazmuri and Karmazyn. I agree fully with their view that it is imperative to rekindle efforts to investigate the potential utility of inhibitors of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger isoforms 1 and 3 (NHE1 and NHE3) in the treatment of both heart failure and diabetes mellitus.1 That was …
Erbbiologie der Sprache

Die Wissenschaft der Erbforschung ist kaum hundert Jahre alt, denn sie hatte ihren Beginn mit Gregor Mendels Kreuzungsversuchen mit Pflanzen, was als Hybridation bekannt ist. Dessen ungeachtet sind bereits an die 1500 genetische Merkmale des Menschen katalogisiert worden (McKusick, 1968). Diese erkennbaren Merkmale reflektieren wahrscheinlich nur einen sehr kleinen Anteil der menschlichen Gene, deren Anzahl auf 100 000 geschatzt wird. Viele der ererbten Abnormalitaten des Menschen betreffen die Stimme und Sprache in einer direkten oder indirekten Weise. Ein gewisses Verstandnis fur den Mechanismus der Vererbung ist deshalb unerlaslich, wenn man ein rationelles Wissen uber die erblichen Storungen der Kommunikation erwerben will.
The Development of Conversational Behavior

This paper begins by describing a phenomenon discovered in the laboratory some years ago, outlines some of the reasoning advanced to explain it, reports an extensive follow-up designed to test some of that reasoning, then gives some rather speculative conclusions based on the whole mass of data and the ideas that have been stirred up by it. Briefly, the phenomenon is that young children behave differently in conversations than older children and adults do; the thinking about this has included linguistic, cognitive, and social issues in the development of children at along about the beginning of adolescence.
Comparison of Intrusive and Non-Intrusive Mixture Composition Measurements in Supersonic Flow

Accurately quantifying mixture composition in supersonic flows is vital to the experimental development of fuel–air mixing enhancement strategies for scramjet propulsion applications. Mixture compo...
A Subclass of the Length 12 Parameterized Wavelets

In this paper, a subclass of the length 12 parameterized wavelets is given. This subclass is a parameterization of the coefficients of a subset of the trigonometric polynomials, m(ω), that satisfy the necessary conditions for orthogonality, that is m(0)=1 and \(\vert m(\omega ){\vert }^{2} + \vert m(\omega + \pi ){\vert }^{2} = 1\), but is not sufficient to represent all possible trigonometric polynomials satisfying these constraints. This parameterization has three free parameters whereas the general parameterization would have five free parameters. Finally, we graph some example scaling functions from the parameterization and conclude with a numerical experiment.
Cellular actions of parathyroid hormone on bone

Abstract Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates bone remodeling by modulating the synthesis of critical proosteoclastogenic factors, mainly RANKL, and the level of proosteoblastogenic signals that couple bone formation to bone resorption. Coupling involves growth factors released from the bone matrix during resorption and/or from osteoclasts as well as other PTH-regulated proosteoblastogenic events such as Wnt signaling. In contrast, daily injections of PTH cause bone accretion by improving coupling, resulting in overfill of resorption cavities. This effect is due to inhibition of apoptosis of osteoblasts and their progenitors and to stimulation of differentiation. In addition, intermittent PTH reactivates the quiescent lining cell descendants of osteoblasts. Overfill of resorption cavities and lining cell activation does not occur under physiologic conditions or in hyperparathyroidism. Thus, the anabolic effect of PTH results from the intensification of ongoing mechanisms as well as induction of novel mechanisms that require pulsatile exposure to high levels of PTH.
Multimodal Machine Learning for Interactive Mental Health Therapy

Mental health disorders are among the leading causes of disability. Despite the prevalence of mental health disorders, there is a large gap between the needs and resources available for their assessment and treatment. Automatic behaviour analysis for computer-aided mental health assessment can augment clinical resources in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Intelligent systems like virtual agents and social robots can have a large impact by deploying multimodal machine learning to perceive and interact with patients in interactive scenarios for probing behavioral cues of mental health disorders. In this paper, we propose our plans for developing multimodal machine learning methods for augmenting embodied interactive agents with emotional intelligence, toward probing cues of mental health disorders. We aim to develop a new generation of intelligent agents that can create engaging interactive experiences for assisting with mental health assessments.
The unequal housing and neighborhood outcomes of displaced movers

Involuntary housing displacement is a stress-inducing life event that can cause and exacerbate both psychological and material hardship. Forced moves may invoke a disattainment process, whereby dis...
Examining the effectiveness of early intervention to create trauma-informed school environments

Abstract Trauma-Informed Elementary Schools (TIES) is a classroom-level intervention program designed to bring trauma-informed services to early elementary. The initial results from the TIES’s pilot study were promising. The current study examined the effectiveness of the TIES program by extending the pilot evaluation with an improved study design and sample size. The quality of trauma-informed classroom interaction was measured using the CLASS (Classroom Assessment Scoring System) at the beginning of the school year and the end of the school year. Analyses compared TIES classrooms and non-TIES classrooms using all data (74 classrooms) and a subset of focused data (42 classrooms). The TIES classrooms showed significant improvements, while no significant improvements were observed in non-TIES classrooms across both datasets. Trauma-informed early intervention services are a critical prevention strategy for children who experience trauma and the settings that serve them. The current study found significant beneficial effects of TIES services for the classroom environments of young children impacted by trauma exposure. Implications for effective prevention strategies for school based early intervention programs are discussed.
The F-box protein FBXL16 up-regulates the stability of C-MYC oncoprotein by antagonizing the activity of the F-box protein FBW7

F-box proteins, such as F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBW7), are essential components of the SKP1-CUL1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligases. They bind to S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) through the F-box motif and deliver their protein substrate to the E3 ligase complex for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 16 (FBXL16) is a poorly studied F-box protein. Because it does not interact with the scaffold protein cullin 1 (CUL1), we hypothesized that FBXL16 might not form a functional SCF-E3 ligase complex. In the present study, we found that FBXL16 up-regulates the levels of proteins targeted by SCF-E3 ligases, such as C-MYC, β-catenin, and steroid receptor coactivator 3 (SRC-3). Focusing on C-MYC, a well-known oncoprotein overexpressed in most human cancers, we show that FBXL16 stabilizes C-MYC by antagonizing FBW7-mediated C-MYC ubiquitination and degradation. Further, we found that, although FBXL16 does not interact with CUL1, it interacts with SKP1 via its N-terminal F-box domain and with its substrate C-MYC via its C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) domain. We found that both the F-box domain and the LRR domain are important for FBXL16-mediated C-MYC stabilization. In line with its role in up-regulating the levels of the C-MYC and SRC-3 oncoproteins, FBXL16 promoted cancer cell growth and migration and colony formation in soft agar. Our findings reveal that FBXL16 is an F-box protein that antagonizes the activity of another F-box protein, FBW7, and thereby increases C-MYC stability, resulting in increased cancer cell growth and invasiveness.
A Role for Monosaccharides in Nucleation Inhibition and Transport of Collagen.

Background: Collagenous tissues are composed of precisely oriented, tightly packed collagen fibril bundles to confer the maximal strength within the smallest volume. While this compact form benefit...
An Anatomical Model for the Simulation and Development of Subcutaneous Implantable Wireless Devices

This article’s objective is to discuss the anatomical and technical challenges associated with designing subcutaneously implanted antennas for continuous wireless medical telemetry. One challenge in this design process is the connection between simulation setup and the anatomical layering of tissues in biological systems. This article presents an overview of the layers of tissues associated with subcutaneous implant (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis) as well as the measured dielectric properties of these tissues. In addition, this study presents the design and measurement of an implantable dual-band antenna operating on the wireless medical telemetry service (WMTS) (1.395–1.432 GHz) and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) (2.4–2.5 GHz) communication bands. This antenna was validated ex vivo and in vivo using porcine animal models. The antenna has a simulated bandwidth of 2.3% for WMTS and 5.7% for ISM bands. In addition, the antenna saw a 300 MHz shift, ex vivo , to the right for WMTS while not having a shift for the ISM band. For in vivo validation, two antennas were made and tested in a porcine animal model and both show an adequate transmission range of 10 m.
Chitin–clay composite gels with enhanced thermal stability prepared in a green and facile approach

Chitin–clay composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated through a facile alkali and freeze treatment. Systematic structure–property relationships based on different compositions of the composite systems were determined. It was found that addition of clay considerably increased the thermal stability as indicated by increases in initial decomposition temperature compared to pure chitin. The increase in activation energy of degradation calculated by the Coats–Redfern method supported the thermal stabilization. For other properties, clay decrease water content, swelling ratio and porosity of gel materials. The morphology indicated they underwent a transition from clay clusters as the dispersive phase to clay flakes as the matrix. Wide angle X-ray scattering results suggested that clay-hindered crystallization of chitin. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results indicated that freezing induced specific interactions while incorporation of clay-hindered deacetylation. This work provides a simple and green method to prepare chitin–clay composites gel materials.
Are Older Drivers Safe on Interchanges? Analyzing Driving Errors Causing Crashes:

Older drivers are prone to driving errors that can lead to crashes. The risk of older drivers making errors increases in locations with complex roadway features and higher traffic conflicts. Interc...
Brainstem gliomas

Introduction Brainstem gliomas have historically been one of the most difficult pediatric cancers to treat. Tumors arising in the brainstem were once uniformly discounted as surgically unresectable lesions. Early neurosurgeons thought this location to be inoperable and fraught with disaster. The advent of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and sophisticated neurophysiological monitoring techniques have significantly advanced the surgical treatment of these precarious lesions.
Thermomechanical behavior of polymeric periodic structures

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of periodic structures with regular repeat units and tailorable mechanical properties. Polymer-based AM processes, such as fused filament fabrication (FFF), permit rapid, low-cost fabrication of periodic structures from a wide range of materials. However, the mechanical properties of polymers are strongly affected by temperature, especially near the glass transition temperature (Tg), which has a significant impact on the design and application of the structures. Herein, we utilize a coupled experimental and computational approach to evaluate the mechanical behavior of polymeric periodic structures (PPS) with uniform and spatially varying temperatures that span Tg. Individual unit cells (square, auxetic, and honeycomb) are additively manufactured from polylactic acid (PLA) (Tg = 54°C) and experimentally evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) using a tension test fixture and thermal chamber. The unit cells are subjected to sequential tension and compression tests, up to a maximum of +/-20% strain, which are repeated from 40°C to 65°C in 5°C increments. Maximum forces vary by two orders of magnitude when temperature varies across Tg, and a hysteresis loop is observed for temperatures 14°C below Tg. This indicates that viscoelasticity has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the structure below Tg and that the structures are capable of dissipating energy. Experimental force-displacement and energy dissipation results agree favorably with results from a multiphysics finite element framework, which utilizes bulk material properties as inputs. The computational framework is then applied to structures comprising tessellated unit cells to evaluate the effects of uniform temperatures and temperature gradients on mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that non-uniform temperature fields can produce spatial variation of mechanical properties, such as Poisson’s ratio, throughout the structure. Insight obtained in this investigation provides guidelines for the design, fabrication, and implementation of PPS operating across a range of temperatures that passively modifies their mechanical properties and energy dissipation characteristics.
Einführende Beispiele zur Modellbildung

In diesem Kapitel werden die einzelnen Schritte in einem Simulationsprozess, die in den ersten Kapiteln behandelt wurde, anhand von einfachen Beispielen eingeubt.
Developing a Hands-On Course Around Building and Testing High Performance Computing Clusters☆

Abstract We describe a successful approach to designing and implementing a High Performance Computing (HPC) class focused on creating competency in building, configuring, programming, troubleshooting, and benchmarking HPC clusters. By coordinating with campus services, we were able to avoid any additional costs to the students or the university. Students built three twelve-unit independently-operating clusters. Working groups were formed for each cluster and they installed the operating system, created users, connected to the campus network and wrote a variety of scripts and parallel programs while documenting the process. We describe how we solved unexpected problems encountered along the way. We illustrate through pre- and post-course surveys that students gained substantial knowledge in fundamental aspects of HPC through the hands-on approach of creating their own clusters.
Solar Wind Disturbances Associated with Solar Activity

Two different classes of geomagnetic activity have long been attributed to particle emission from active solar regions. The occurrence of geomagnetic storms subsequent to large solar flares has been explained by the arrival at earth of material ejected by the flare. Recurrent geomagnetic activity has been interpreted as the effect of persistent streams emitted from long-lived active regions on the rotating sun. Within the past decade, both flare-associated and recurrent disturbances have been directly observed on spacecraft probing interplanetary space. This paper will review and interpret these observations, with major emphasis on the flare-associated phenomena. The role of multiple satellite measurements in studying the propagation and spatial structure of interplanetary disturbances will be considered.
Cooling-Off & Secondary Markets: Consumer Choice in the Digital Domain

This article studies the law and economics of cooling-off periods and secondary markets for online media. The discussion is fueled by a current debate: In July 2009, the online retail juggernaut, Amazon.com, remotely deleted literary classics from consumers’ portable “Kindle” reading devices. The public outcry and class-action lawsuit that followed have reinvigorated an ongoing debate about how much control digital media distributors should wield. Pundits and plaintiffs argue that too often, digital distributors like Amazon impair consumer freedom by misusing Digital Rights Management (DRM) software systems. However, these same systems could also provide significant benefits that have largely gone ignored. This article argues that, with the help of DRM, lawmakers could provide for cooling-off periods and nurture secondary markets for downloaded media that would benefit consumers, copyright holders, and digital distributors.
Quinones and quinone methides—II: cyclization and hydration reactions of 2-cinnamyl-5-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinones

Abstract 4-Methoxydalbergione, a constituent of Dalbergia species, is stable in neutral solvents, although it cyclizes quantitatively in basic media to dalbergichromene. The isomeric 2-cinnamyl-5-methoxybenzoquinone is highly labile. It cyclizes in boiling benzene to 7-methoxy-6-hydroxyflav-3-ene, slowly dimerises in acetone, and decomposes in aqueous solvents to at least thirteen unidentified monomeric and oligomeric products. In weakly basic media it forms the flavene and two unstable quinols which have been isolated and structurally identified as their crystalline benzoates. It is suggested that the absence of cinnamyl-quinones or identifiable derivatives in Dalbergia species is due to their facile polymerization, and that they may be the precursors of the condensed tannins in these species.
SEXUALITY AND PARAPLEGIA: MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

Individuals with disabilities are often seen exclusively in terms of their disabilities, resulting in the perception that they possess limitations in all areas of life . This has led to a myth of non-sexually for individuals with disabilities. This paper reports an exploratory study of the knowledge college students have of sexuality among individuals with spinal cord injuries. Over 120 students at a small southwestern university participated in an in-class exercise in which a male and female student volunteered, alternately, to sit in a wheelchair and portray an individual with a serious spinal cord injury. Students wrote two papers, anonymously, on what the issues would be if the disabled male, and then the disabled female, were establishing an intimate relationship with the able-bodied person standing next to him or her. The student responses were then analyzed for recurrent themes, stereotypes , and attitudes concerning sexuality. Results indicate that students consistently believe that sex would be a major problem, or that sex would be impossible, for a couple in which one partner had a physical disability. Other issues inextricably linked with being disabled were also prominent themes (stigma, pity, relationship and childbearing problems) . Stereotypical gender roles and norms were also promoted, especially in the realm of sexuality . Responses evidenced an overwhelming concern for the male's sexual enjoyment .