cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucose induces cAMP-independent growth-related changes in stationary-phase cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Nutrients play a critical role in the decision to initiate a new cell cycle. Addition of nutrients to arrested cells such as stationary-phase cells and spores induces them to begin growth. We have analyzed the nutrients required to induce early cellular events in yeast. When stationary-phase cells or spores are incubated in the presence of only glucose, morphological and physiological changes characteristic of mitotically growing cells are induced and, in the absence of additional nutrients to support growth, the cells rapidly lose viability. Preincubation of stationary-phase cells in the presence of glucose decreases the time required to reach bud emergence upon the subsequent addition of rich medium. These processes are specifically induced by D-glucose and not by other components such as nitrogen source or L-glucose. The glucose-induced events are independent of the adenylate cyclase pathway, since strains with a temperature-sensitive mutation in either the adenylate cyclase gene (CDC35) or its regulator (CDC25) undergo glucose-induced cellular changes when incubated at the restrictive temperature. We suggest that glucose triggers events in the induction of a new mitotic cell cycle and that these events are either prior to the adenylate cyclase pathway or are in an alternative pathway.
Finding the heart of medical family therapy: A content analysis of medical family therapy casebook articles.

In an effort to identify the essential ingredients of medical family therapy, a content analysis of 15 peer-reviewed case studies in medical family therapy was conducted. The case studies were published from 1996 to 2007 in Families, Systems, & Health. Through a qualitative content analysis, three main themes emerged that describe the essence of the practice of medical family therapy: (1) The patient's multisystemic experience of disease, (2) treatment is about caring, not just caregiving, and (3) elevating the patient as collaborator in the care team.
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in human embryonic palate mesenchymal cells.

Growth and differentiation of cells derived from the embryonic palate are critically dependent on the intracellular cAMP-mediated signal transduction pathway. Human embryonic palate mesenchymal (HEPM) cells have been widely used to examine the effect of teratogens on palatal tissue growth and differentiation, as well as a prescreen for environmental teratogens. This study examined responsiveness of HEPM cells to agents known to stimulate adenylate cyclase, characterized cAMP-dependent protein kinases (cAMP-dPK) (EC 2.7.1.37) and investigated to what extent HEPM cells reveal adaptational responses to cAMP at the level of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. HEPM cells exhibited a total cell cycle transit time of approximately 22 h and responded maximally, when confluent, to prostacyclin (PGI2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and isoproterenol with time- and dose-dependent increases in intracellular levels of cAMP. The order of sensitivity to hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase was PGE2>isoproterenol>PGI2. Basal cAMP-dependent protein kinases activity was 0.184 fmol phosphate transferred from ATP to histone per microgram protein per minute under conditions where endogenous phosphatases did not significantly affect protein phosphorylation. Regulatory subunits of cAMP-dPK in HEPM cells were characterized by the binding of [3H]cAMP to cytosolic fractions. Specific binding was saturable at approximately 50 nM indicating the presence of binding sites that are finite in number. Calculation of half-maximal binding yielded an estimated Kd of 25 nM indicating the presence of high affinity binding sites. Cyclic AMP-dPK regulatory subunits were also photoaffinity labeled with 8-N3-[32P]-cAMP, subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and radiolabeled bands visualized by autoradiography. Photoactivated incorporation of 8-N3-[32P]cAMP was detected into two proteins of molecular weight (Mr) 45 000 and Mr 51 000 representing, respectively, the RIα and RIIβ subuits of cAMP-dPK. Binding of [32P]8-azido cAMP to proteins of Mr 45 000 (RIα) and Mr 51 000 (RIIβ) was increased in response to elevation of intracellular cAMP via inhibition of its breakdown with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, or by direct activation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin. HEPM cells thus revealed adaptational responses to cAMP at the level of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Characterization of the cAMP signal transduction pathway in HEPM cells, derived from embryonic palatal tissue which is critically dependent on this pathway for normal development, may provide information fundamental to a clear understanding of cellular events involved in palatal ontogeny. These results highlight several important differences between HEPM cells and murine embryonic palate mesenchymal cells. Although HEPM cells provide a valuable tool with which to investigate mechanisms of cellular signal transduction in embryonic cells, interpretations with regard to embryogenesis and responses to developmental stimuli should, because of these differences, be made with caution.
Prenatal cocaine exposure attenuates cocaine-induced odor preference in infant rats.

Abstract In order to further examine whether prenatal cocaine exposure alters the later reward efficacy of cocaine, exposed offspring were tested for cocaine-induced odor preference early in life. Test offspring were derived from Sprague-Dawley dams that received daily SC injections of 40 mg/kg/3 cc cocaine hydrochloride (C40) from gestational day 8–20, nutritional control dams receiving daily SC saline injections (NC), and nontreated control dams (LC). At testing on postnatal day 8 (P8), both LC and NC offspring were observed to exhibit a preference for the odor that had been paired on P7 with 2.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg cocaine. In contrast, C40 offspring exhibited a significant odor preference only when the odor had been previously paired with 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg cocaine. These results, combined with previous work from our laboratory showing that adult offspring exposed gestationally to cocaine did not exhibit a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, provide evidence that offspring exposed prenatally to cocaine are less likely to develop a preference for stimuli associated with cocaine. Further studies are needed to determine whether these alterations in cocaine preference reflect a learning deficit, pharmacokinetics factors, or an attenuation in the rewarding properties of cocaine.
Predictors of Local Recurrence After Breast-Conservation Therapy

Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) is a proven local treatment option for select patients with early-stage breast cancer. This paper reviews pathologic, clinical, and treatment-related features that have been identified as known or potential predictors for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence in patients treated with BCT. Pathologic risk factors such as the final pathologic margin status of the excised specimen after BCT, the extent of margin involvement, the interaction of margin status with other adverse features, the role of biomarkers, and the presence of an extensive intraductal component or lobular carcinoma in situ all impact the likelihood of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. Predictors of positive repeat excision findings after conservative surgery include young age, presence of an extensive intraductal component, and close or positive margins in prior excision. Finally, treatment-related factors predicting ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence include extent of breast radiation therapy, use of a boost to the lumpectomy cavity, use of tamoxifen or chemotherapeutic agents, and timing of systemic therapy with irradiation. The ability to predict for an increased risk of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence enhances the ability to select optimal local treatment strategies for women considering BCT.
Multi-objective reinforcement learning based routing in cognitive radio networks: Walking in a random maze

The routing procedure in cognitive radio networks with dynamic spectrum activities is studied. The spectrum statistics are assumed to be unknown. Moreover, the performance is measured using multiple metrics like average delay and packet loss rate. To address the challenges of randomness, uncertainty and multiple metrics, the multi-objective reinforcement learning algorithm is applied for the routing in cognitive radio networks. The effectiveness of the learning procedure is demonstrated by numerical simulations.
The spectrum of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: clinical, biochemical and genetic features in 371 patients.

Context Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency is a genetic mitochondrial disorder commonly associated with lactic acidosis, progressive neurological and neuromuscular degeneration and, usually, death during childhood. There has been no recent comprehensive analysis of the natural history and clinical course of this disease.
Thermodynamics of the liquid aluminum-gallium-tin system

Abstract The thermodynamic data, enthalpy of mixing and partial Gibbs energy of aluminum in the liquid aluminum-gallium-tin system were analyzed by the Hoch-Arpshofen model. It is shown that the binary systems are quite simple, and no ternary interaction coefficients are needed to represent the ternary data.
X-Chromosome Linked Inheritance of Elevated Thyroxine-Binding Globulin

ABSTRACT Elevated thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) capacity has been found in 3 generations of a family. Two male and 7 female members of the family had elevated TBG, proteinbound iodine (PBI) and serum thyroxine content. The resin T3 uptake was decreased. The free thyroxine, the 24-hr thyroidal per cent 13lI-uptake and clinical status were normal. Also normal were serum cholesterol, serum free amino acids, total serum protein, serum protein electrophoresis, and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) concentration. Measurements of radio-thyroxine turnover in 2 affected family members yielded normal thyroxine degradation rates of 50 and 55 μg T4 iodine/day. Administration of estrogen to 1 male and 2 female affected family members resulted in a further increase in TBG activity. The mode of transmission of the trait was consistent with x-chromosome linked codominant inheritance. A genetic mechanism in terms of gene duplication is suggested for the phenomenon of TBG elevation and its further increase with estr...
Pressure broadening and shift of He ( 2 3 P 0 , 1 , 2 ) − He ( 2 3 S ) lines

The collisional broadening and shift of metastable helium fine-structure lines are calculated within the impact approximation. Ab initio Born-Oppenheimer potential energy curves correlating to $\mathrm{He}(1{}^{1}{S}_{0})$ and $\mathrm{He}(2{}^{3}{P}_{j})$ atomic levels are obtained using the configuration interaction valence bond method and combined with semiempirically calculated van der Waals interaction terms between these atoms to also study j-specific and j-changing collisions. A long-range van der Waals potential well exists in the ${}^{3}{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{u}$ potential correlated to the $\mathrm{He}(1{}^{1}{S}_{0})+\mathrm{He}(2{}^{3}{P}_{j})$ limit, whose influence on the scattering phase shift is assessed. At $T=310\mathrm{K},$ the broadening and shift parameters are practically j independent and have average values of 12.60 and 1.87 MHz/Torr, respectively. The j-changing collisions have cross sections roughly five times smaller than the j-specific cross sections.
The effect of disgust conditioning and disgust sensitivity on appraisals of moral transgressions

Abstract A growing body of research suggests that the experience of disgust increases the severity of moral judgments. In addition, individual difference variables such as Disgust Sensitivity (DS) are associated with differential appraisals of moral transgressions. However, the influence of combined trait and state levels of disgust on judgments of such transgressions has not been fully explored. The present study examined how trait level DS, and state level disgust, induced via evaluative conditioning (EC), affect judgments of moral transgressions. Participants ( n = 61) were exposed to a differential EC paradigm where a neutral word (part) was paired with disgusting images (CS+). Participants then provided disgust and morality ratings of moral transgressions that either contained the conditioned word (‘part’) or a neutral word that was not conditioned with disgust (‘some’). Transgressions containing the conditioned disgust elicitor ‘part’ were evaluated as more disgusting, but not more morally wrong than those containing ‘some’. This greater perceived disgust for transgressions containing ‘part’ versus ‘some’ was significantly predicted by disgust conditionability, but not by disgust sensitivity. The implications of these findings to better understand the role of disgust in moral decision-making are discussed.
Lowering the dietary omega-6: omega-3 does not hinder nonalcoholic fatty-liver disease development in a murine model

It is hypothesized that a high dietary n-6:n-3 (eg, 10-20:1) is partly responsible for the rise in obesity and related health ailments. However, no tightly controlled studies using high-fat diets differing in the n-6:n-3 have tested this hypothesis. The aim of the study was to determine the role that the dietary n-6:n-3 plays in non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) and colitis development. We hypothesized that reducing the dietary n-6:n-3 would hinder the development of NAFLD and colitis. Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed high-fat diets, differing in the n-6:n-3 (1:1, 5:1, 10:1, 20:1), for 20 weeks. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the hepatic phospholipid arachidonic acid (AA):eicosapentaenoic acid and AA:docosahexaenoic acid. Hepatic metabolism, inflammatory signaling, macrophage polarization, gene expression of inflammatory mediators, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative capacity were assessed as well as colonic inflammatory signaling, and gene expression of inflammatory mediators and tight-junction proteins. Although reducing the dietary n-6:n-3 lowered the hepatic phospholipid AA:eicosapentaenoic acid and AA:docosahexaenoic acid in a dose-dependent manner and mildly influenced inflammatory signaling, it did not significantly attenuate NAFLD development. Furthermore, the onset of NAFLD was not paired to colitis development or changes in tight-junction protein gene expression. In conclusion, reducing the dietary n-6:n-3 did not attenuate NAFLD progression; nor is it likely that colitis, or gut permeability, plays a role in NAFLD initiation in this model.
1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 rapidly alters phospholipid metabolism in the nuclea envelope of osteoblasts

1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3) has been shown to increase cytosolic calcium and inositol triphosphate levels in rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8) and to increase nuclear calcium in these cells. To determine the mechanism(s) of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced changes in nuclear calcium, the effect of the hormone on phospholipid metabolism in isolated osteoblast nuclei was assessed. 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3, 20 nM, increased inositol triphosphate levels in the nuclei after 5 min of treatment. The biologically inactive epimer, 1 beta,25-(OH)2D3, had no significant effect on inositol triphosphate levels. ATP, 1 mM, also increased inositol triphosphate levels in the isolated nuclei after 5 min. 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, 20 nM, increased calcium in the isolated nuclei in the presence but not in the absence of extranuclear calcium within 5 min. Nuclear calcium was also increased within 5 min by ATP, 1 mM, and inositol triphosphate, 1 mM. The effect of ATP on nuclear calcium was not additive with 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3, suggesting that these two agents increase nuclear calcium in these osteoblast-like cells by similar mechanisms. In summary, 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and ATP rapidly increase inositol triphosphate levels in nuclei isolated from ROS 17/2.8 cells. The hormone, the nucleotide, and the inositol phospholipid increase nuclear calcium. Thus, the 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 and ATP effects on nuclear calcium may be mediated by changes in phospholipid metabolism in the nuclei of these osteoblast-like cells.
REVIEW OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING IN PROMOTING HEALTH BEHAVIORS

There is considerable evidence for the effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing (MI) in the treatment of substance abuse, as well as a number of other health behavior areas. The present paper summarizes and critically reviews the research in three emerging areas in which (MI) is being applied: diet and exercise, diabetes, and oral health. Although 10 prior reviews focused in part on MI studies in the areas of diet, exercise, or diabetes, the present paper provides an up-to-date review, and includes oral health as another emerging area of MI research. Overall, 37 articles were reviewed: 24 in the areas of diet and exercise, 9 in the area of diabetes, and 4 in the oral health area. Research in these areas suggests that (MI) is effective in all these health domains, although additional research is needed, particularly in the oral health arena. Specifically, future research in the areas of diet and exercise should examine the clinical utility of MI by health care professionals (other than dietitians), studies in the area of diabetes should continue to examine long-term effects of MI on glycemic control, and research in the area of oral health should focus on developing additional trials in this field. Further, future studies should demonstrate improved research methodology, and investigate the effects of possible outcome mediators, such as client change talk, on behavior change.
Wideband linear power amplifier for high-frequency ultrasonic coded excitation imaging

Linear power amplifiers are critical components in ultrasonic imaging systems that implement chirp-coded excitation. Bench-top commercial power amplifiers are usually used in academic laboratories for high-frequency ultrasound imaging, and the imaging performance depends greatly on these general-purpose instruments. To achieve a wide dynamic range, a power amplifier consisting of two stages is developed for chirp-coded ultrasound imaging applications through the implementation of custom-designed broadband 1:1 transformers and the optimization of feedback circuits. The amplifier has broad bandwidth (5 to 135 MHz), maintaining a linearity up to the 1-dB gain compression point (P1dB) of 41.5 dBm, allowing 16 dBm input power level at 60 MHz. The mean and the maximum values of output third-order intercept points (OIP3) are 51.8 and 53.5 dBm, respectively, between 20 and 110 MHz. With 12 dBm input power, the gain of the amplifier varies between 24 and 29 dB, offering a uniformity which would allow excitation of a 70-MHz single-element transducer with windowed chirp-coded bursts sweeping from 40 to 100 MHz. The performance in high-frequency ultrasound imaging is evaluated with a wire phantom. Echo signal-to-noise ratio (eSNR) of the designed amplifier is 7 dB better than a commercial amplifier, and spatial resolution is maintained.
Lethality of a Forssman Antiserum for Mice.

SummaryMice can be killed by an intravenous injection of a rabbit antiserum to boiled guinea pig kidney. Evidence is presented that these deaths are due to Forssman antibodies.
Collective violence and group solidarity : Evidence from a feuding society

Sociological explanations of group conflict usually presuppose that the various factors that breed hostility between collectivities also generate internal solidarity. Outside of the protest literature, studies of conflict therefore pay little attention to the collective-action problem facing groups in contention, and therefore overestimate the likelihood of group conflict: Intergroup struggle is implicitly regarded as a sufficient condition for group participation in violent conflict. Examination of nineteenth-century court documents from Corsica, a society known for its tradition of collectivist feuding, shows that violent incidents typically did not involve groups. The group character of violence - in the form of collaborative use of lethal force and inclusion of disputants kin - was conditional on collective contention having occurred before violence began. This and other empirical patterns support the view that collective violence occurs when group action fails to convince an adversary to back down. The failure to prevent escalation calls the group's solidarity into question, compelling members to demonstrate that they are able to overcome their collective-action problem
Two-phase model of O 2 ( 1 -delta) production with application to rotating disk generators

A model for the production of singlet delta oxygen, O 2 ( 1 (Delta) ), following the reaction of gaseous chlorine, Cl 2 , with liquid basic hydrogen peroxide, BHP, is described. The model includes diffusion of the Cl 2 gas into the liquid, diffusion of the hydroperoxy anions, HO - 2 , to the surface, reaction of the Cl 2 with the HO - 2 ions at a finite-rate, heterogeneous deactivation of the O 2 ( 1 (Delta) ) within the liquid, and homogeneous deactivation of the O 2 ( 1 (Delta) ) molecules in the gas. Transport equations are written for the chlorine, oxygen, and HO - 2 species concentrations in the liquid while ordinary rate equations are written for the chlorine and oxygen species in the gas. The appropriate initial and boundary conditions for these coupled, nonlinear equations are discussed. Several assumptions and approximations, justified because of the existence of several widely disparate temporal and spatial scales associated with the convection, diffusion, and reaction of Cl 2 with BHP, are discussed and applied to simplify these coupled equations.
Leaders' social media usage intentions for in‐bound customer communications

Purpose – This paper develops and tests a model depicting the drivers of organizational leaders' intentions to use social media for in‐bound customer communications in a political marketing context. This model improves practitioners and researchers understanding of what influence leaders' attitudes and intentions toward using social media to enhance marketing communications.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses mediated OLS regression analysis with survey data collected from a national sample of political candidates running for the US House of Representatives in 2010.Findings – Overall satisfaction with social media for marketing communications and customers' normative expectations that organizations use social media for marketing communications drive leaders' future intentions to use social media for in‐bound customer communications. Perceived ease of use, and perceived social media usefulness for in‐bound and out‐bound customer communications drive overall satisfaction with social media for marke...
P-Karaoke: personalized karaoke system

In this demonstration, a personalized Karaoke system, P-Karaoke, is proposed. In the P-Karaoke system, personal home videos and photographs, which are automatically selected from users' multimedia database according to their content, users' preferences or music, are utilized as the background videos of the Karaoke. The selected video clips, photographs, music and lyrics are well aligned to compose a Karaoke video, connecting by specific content-based transitions.
Solar cycle–dependent helicity transport by magnetic clouds

[1] Magnetic clouds observed with the Wind and ACE spacecraft are fit with the static, linear force-free cylinder model to obtain estimates of the chirality, fluxes, and magnetic helicity of each event. The fastest magnetic clouds (MCs) are shown to carry the most flux and helicity. We calculate the net cumulative helicity which measures the difference in right- and left-handed helicity contained in MCs over time. The net cumulative helicity does not average to zero; rather, a strong left-handed helicity bias develops over the solar cycle, dominated by the largest events of cycle 23: Bastille Day 2000 and 28 October 2003. The majority of MCs (“slow” events, 〈Vr〉 < 500 km/s) have a net cumulative helicity profile that appears to be modulated by the solar activity cycle. This is far less evident for “fast” MC events (〈Vr〉 ≥ 500 km/s), which were disproportionately left-handed over our data set. A brief discussion about the various solar sources of CME helicity and their implication for dynamo processes is included.
Amylase transport across ileal epithelium in vitro

Abstract Amylase transport was measured across the rabbit ileum in vitro employing a modified Ussing chamber. Amylase was moved preferentially in the mucosal to serosal direction. Its rate of transfer was 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than that for inulin. Mucosal to serosal transport of exogenous amylase was completely inhibited in the absence of oxygen. There was also a constant release of endogenous amylase from intestinal tissue into both mucosal and serosal compartments in the absence of an exogenous source. An estimate of the rate of amylase absorption indicates that it may be of sufficient magnitude to account for the enteropancreatic circulation of amylase secreted by the pancreas during augmented secretion.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ1 Expression in Porcine White Blood Cells: Dynamic Regulation with Acute Endotoxemia

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a primary regulator of adipocyte differentiation, has been implicated in the regulation of monocyte and macrophage function in vitro. We report that PPARγ protein is expressed in porcine peripheral white blood cells (WBC), and that PPARγ1 but not γ2 mRNA predominates. Additionally, we provide the first evidence that in vivo lipopolysaccharide challenge (LPS, 25 μg/kg BW) causes a dynamic increase in PPARγ protein expression in peripheral WBC (P < 0.05). PPARγ expression was increased 2-fold over basal (1 hr post-LPS), was maximal by 4 hr (3-fold), and was normalized to control by 8 hr post-LPS. Changes in PPARγ expression coincided with or closely followed LPS-induced changes in plasma cortisol, TNF-α, insulin, IGF-1, glucose, and free fatty acids. These data suggest that induction of PPARγ expression in WBC may play a role in host response to acute inflammatory challenge and may prove to be an important target of anti-inflammatory therapies.
Resilience and Coping: Implications for Gifted Children and Youth at Risk.

The large body of literature on resilience and coping gives promise to finding specific ways in which teachers, counselors, and schools can enhance success among gifted and talented children and youth placed at risk. While high intelligence is not a requirement for resilient outcomes, cognitive ability appears to be a supporting factor, especially as it relates to problem solving and coping. To the extent that low‐income and culturally diverse children and youth have more experience overcoming adversity, they may possess a greater range of and flexibility in coping strategies that can be shared with others. This article summarizes findings from resilience literature relevant to the development of children and adolescents and derives specific strategies for enhancing outcomes for gifted children and youth most at risk for encountering adversity.
Serum PSA evaluations during salvage radiotherapy for post-prostatectomy biochemical failures as prognosticators for treatment outcomes.

Abstract Introduction: Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels have proved to be sensitive markers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. In addition, PSA levels are useful for detecting and monitoring prostate cancer progression after radiotherapy. Serum PSA evaluations during radiotherapy, however, have not been well documented. In this study, we investigate the prognostic value of PSA evaluations during salvage radiotherapy for prostatectomy failures. Methods: Forty-one patients with biochemical failures after prostatectomy treated with salvage radiotherapy consented to have their serum PSA levels evaluated at 30 Gy and 45 Gy of irradiation. All 41 patients had negative metastatic workup and pathologically uninvolved pelvic lymph nodes at the time of referral for salvage radiotherapy. Radiation therapy was delivered with 10–25 MV photons, with doses of 59.4–66.6 Gy. No patients received hormonal ablation therapy before irradiation. Results: The mean follow-up for all patients was 30.9 months. At last follow-up, 28/41 patients (68.3%) were free from biochemical failure, with 20 of 41 patients (48.8%) expressing undetectable PSA levels. Serum PSA evaluations at 30 Gy did not significantly predict for either biochemical ( p = 0.0917) or clinical ( p = 0.106) disease-free outcome. However, serum PSA evaluations at 45 Gy significantly predicted for both biochemical ( p = 0.0043) and clinical ( p = 0.0244) disease-free outcomes, with PSA elevations at 45 Gy significantly associated with poor outcomes. On univariate analysis of prognosticators for biochemical failures, the following were significant: an elevation in serum PSA levels at 45 Gy, detectable serum PSA immediately after prostatectomy, Gleason score 7–10, and serum PSA level >1 ng/ml before salvage radiotherapy. Conclusion: Evaluation of serum PSA level at 45 Gy of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical relapses after prostatectomy may serve as a significant prognosticator for both biochemical and clinical disease-free outcomes.
Maternal ADHD: Parent-Child Interactions and Relations With Child Disruptive Behavior

This study examined how ADHD symptoms in mothers of children with ADHD relate to their behavior during parent-child interactions and to their children's disruptive behavior. Findings indicated that mothers’ retrospective self-ratings of ADHD symptoms were related to their present negativity during parent-led play. Mothers’ self-ratings of current inattentive symptoms were related to their impatience during child-led play. Maternal ADHD symptoms were also related to their ratings of their children's ADHD and oppositional-defiant behaviors. Identifying relations between maternal psychopathology, such as ADHD symptomatology, and behaviors during parent-child interactions may yield clues to additional parent behavioral changes that would enhance treatment outcomes for young children with ADHD.
The Usefulness of Distinguishing between a Defensive and a Nondefensive External Locus of Control.

The study's purpose was to determine whether a distinction can be made between individuals adopting an external locus of control as a defense and those adopting the orientation because it reflects their life experience. It was hypothesized that the two groups differ in the amount of personal responsibility they accept for task outcomes. Internals and externals were identified and then further designated as high or low in action taking. Among externals, a high action-taking score implied defensiveness. Subjects randomly received either success or failure feedback on a presumed task of interpersonal sensitivity. Defensive externals varied their causal attributions as a function of outcome, whereas nondefensive externals did not (p < .05). The distinction between defensive and nondefensive external control was thus supported.
Multidimensional Water Flow in a Low‐Level Waste Isolation Barrier

An analysis was conducted of multidimensional subsurface moisture flow in a hypothetical low-level radioactive waste disposal facility. The key design feature examined in the analysis was a sloping sand/gravel capillary barrier designed to route natural infiltration around a concrete vault. Three barrier slopes (1:25, 1:10, and 1:5) and three sand/gravel property combinations were considered. The slopes and material property combinations were selected to represent a range in barrier effectiveness. The porous media flow code used for this analysis was VAM3DCG, a three-dimensional, finite-element code which was able to use nonorthogonal grid discretizations and employed robust, efficient numerical techniques. Three-dimensional modeling demonstrated that flow in the hypothetical design exhibited cross-slope flow because of the pressure gradient produced in the third, cross-slope dimension. Barrier effectiveness was shown to be highly sensitive to the sand/gravel material properties. Barrier slope was less important, especially for the effective material combinations. The presence of three-dimensional flow could be important in a performance assessment if the quantity of water predicted to breach the capillary barrier by a two-dimensional model were different from that predicted by a three-dimensional model. Comparative modeling demonstrated that a two-dimensional analysis resulted in underestimation of barrier effectiveness. For the considered design, two-dimensional modelingmore » is a conservative, yet reasonable, approach in a performance assessment application.« less
Review article: Silt and the future development of China's Yellow River

Silt loading is a critical problem in the use of the Yellow River for irrigation, domestic, and industrial water supplies. Nearly all of the silt comes in runoff from the immense and highly erodible Loess Plateau. Salinity has a secondary but widespread effect on irrigation development and groundwater quality. Engineering structures and expanded irrigation have reduced the silt load in the lower reach of the river by half over the last 50 years. Still, the level of the river bed continues to rise higher above the surrounding North China Plain. Millions of rural and urban lives are threatened by the possibility that an embankment will break and unleash a horrendous flood, as had happened numerous times prior to 1949. Earthquakes could cause similar castrophes. Increased populations in cities, expansion of irrigated land, and rapid industrialization have brought about locally severe water shortages. This, in turn, has led to surface and groundwater pollution by salt and heavy metals, lowering of groundwater levels, land subsidence, and salt water intrusion from the Bo Sea. Interbasin water transfers from the Yangtze River in the south to relieve water shortages in the north have been proposed for decades but remain controversial. The high cost of dams, canals, tunnels, pumping, and water control systems needed for the transfer has been a major objection. Other factors have been the adverse environmental impact in both the Yellow and Yangtze river watersheds of transfers and, importantly, the questionable need of the transfers if water conservation practices were used widely and effectively.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS: THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE ORGANIZATION

This symposium focuses on the individual and the organization in resource allocation decisions. Budgeting is an information exchange function involving “relational learning,” according to John P. Forrester and Charles J. Spindler. Their framework for assessing budget participant interactions and learning can guide future research on public budget theory. As if in a direct response to Forrester and Sprindler’s call for an examination of "the role played by the executive budget office,” Kurt Thurmaier dissects the microbudgeting decision making process by budget analysts in a state budget office. He examines the rationalities adopted by budget analysts as they shape budget problems (agency requests) into solution sets for consideration by the chief executive. Adopted budgets have implications for employees, especially when allocations challenge organizational culture. Mark A. Glaser and Lee E. Parker assess the impact of a community policing strategy on police officer perceptions as resources respond to a mission-accomplishment focus. I want to thank the ad hoc reviewers for this symposium, including Wes Clark, Ed Clynch, Arie Halachmi, Ken Klase, Earle Klay and Cliff McCue. The authors and reviewers deserve the credit for the quality of the symposium, while I assume any problems that arise from this collective effort
Chemotherapy-related cognitive change: a principle-based concept analysis.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To present the results of a principle-based concept analysis of cognitive change in patients with cancer following chemotherapy treatment. DATA SOURCES: 86 English-language articles retrieved through OVID, PubMed, CINAHL®, and Web of Knowledge searches through June 2010. No time limits were imposed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Analysis was based on the philosophical principles: epistemologic, pragmatic, linguistic, and logical. Conceptual components were identified and a theoretical definition of chemotherapy-related cognitive change emerged; the term was not clearly defined or well differentiated in the scientific literature. Implicit meanings are found in patients' subjective accounts, descriptions of the cognitive domains studied, and the choice of neuropsychological assessment instruments. Antecedents relative to chemotherapy-related cognitive change include disease and treatment factors. Moderators may include anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Consequences or outcomes of the experience of chemotherapy-related cognitive change include adjustment to illness, impact on quality of life, and potential for emotional distress. CONCLUSIONS: The principle-based concept analysis generated conceptual insights about chemotherapy-related cognitive change that are based on sound scientific evidence. The product of this method of analysis is a theoretical definition that reflects the state of the science. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: When the impact of cognitive change following chemotherapy is better understood, meaningful and timely interventions can be developed to improve quality of life for cancer survivors.
ATP activation of protein degradation by extracts of crude and purified lysosomal preparations

Abstract Activation of proteolysis by ATP was studied in lysates of crude and purified lysosomal preparations from liver and kidney at acid pH. In the crude system, from kidney, it was found that ATP activates proteolysis over a concentration range of 0.1–2 mM. Up to 4-fold activation was observed. GTP and CTP also activated proteolysis, but to a lesser extent. Proteolysis was inhibited by vanadate and molybdate. Fractionation of the kidney lysosomes on Percoll gradients produced two fractions containing lysosomal marker enzymes. Most of the acid phosphatase and the acid pyrophosphatase were found in the lighter band, while most of the β-galactosidase and cathepsin activity was found in a more dense band. Proteolysis by lysates of both fractions was activated by ATP and inhibited by vanadate and molybdate. In the dense band proteolysis was also nearly totally blocked by pepstatin, and was enhanced by an inhibitor of pyrophosphatases, sodium flouride. ATP also activates proteolysis in crude lysosomes from liver, but upon fractionation of this tissue it was found that all the lysosomal enzyme markers are present in the dense fraction obtained from the Percoll gradient. Again, proteolysis by lysates of the purified fraction was activated by ATP and inhibited by vanadate and molybdate. These data indicate that ATP can activate proteolysis at acid pH in a lysosomal milieu containing enzymes which also catalyze its breakdown. In the kidney there may be two lysosomal compartments which separate the enzymes catalyzing ATP breakdown from the proteolytic enzymes, but this is not essential for ATP activation as shown by the data from the liver and the crude lysosomal fractions.
Nonparabolic dissipative systems modeling the flow of liquid crystals

We study a simplified system which retains most of the interesting mathematical properties of the original Ericksen-Leslie equations for the flow of liquid crystals. This is a coupled nonparabolic dissipative dynamic system. We derive several energy laws which enable us to prove the global existence of the weak solutions and the classical solutions. We also discuss uniqueness and some stability properties of the system. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dance notation systems in late 17th-century France

SOMETIME around 1674 Louis XIV ordered Pierre Beauchamp, dance director at the Acad6mie Royale de Musique (the Opera) and Louis's dancing master, to find a way to put dance on paper-that is, to develop a system of dance notation.1 We do not know whether Louis gave a reason for this order, beyond the formulaic 'Car tel est notre plaisir'. In any event, Beauchamps obeyed, and by 1684 had worked out a notation system that enabled him to record the chaconne from Lully's Phaeton.2 The system that Beauchamp invented was widely used during the 18th century to record ballroom and theatre dances, and to ensure that dances were transmitted and learned correctly by dancing masters and their students.
Partial recovery of entanglement in bipartite-entanglement transformations

Any deterministic bipartite-entanglement transformation involving finite copies of pure states and carried out using local operations and classical communication (LOCC) results in a net loss of entanglement. We show that for almost all such transformations, partial recovery of lost entanglement is achievable by using $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2$ auxiliary entangled states, no matter how large the dimensions of the parent states are. For the rest of the special cases of deterministic LOCC transformations, we show that the dimension of the auxiliary entangled state depends on the presence of equalities in the majorization relations of the parent states. We show that genuine recovery is still possible using auxiliary states in dimensions less than that of the parent states for all patterns of majorization relations except only one special case.
Potential applications of soil microbial ecology and next-generation sequencing in criminal investigations

Abstract The complex relationships between the changes in microbial community profiles and postmortem interval (PMI) estimates have recently been discussed in the forensic literature. Edaphic, necrobiomic microorganisms at the cadaver-soil interface construct multi-species communities that change in richness and activity when the host body dies and begins to decompose. Characterization of these dynamic changes has been made possible by current advances in high throughput, next-generation platforms. The effectiveness of these metagenomic technologies is that they pride the foundations of a framework for identification of grave sites and the determination of postmortem timelines, or “microbial clocks.” The proposed clocks may help substantiate the estimation of PMI. Studies have demonstrated the differences between soils collected at grave sites and control soils which may be useful in identifying clandestine grave sites. In this review is the discussion of the recent and formative findings involving sequencing applications of soil microbial communities relating the differences in taxon richness and abundance patterns as molecular tools with broad and important applications in forensics.
Thrown out of a pickup: multiple injuries.

This continuing education article presents a case study of a teenage male who was thrown out of a pickup truck after a motor vehicle accident. The author provides the details of the case, then invites readers to consider the possible events that led to the young man's injuries. The author then describes how the patient was thrown out of the back of the pickup truck onto the street, and his resulting injuries. The author focuses on the diagnostic tests that should be conducted in the emergency department. Magnetic resonance (MR) is the imaging modality of choice when one wants to evaluate spinal cord injury as well as paraspinal soft tissues. Detailed radiographs are reproduced in the article.
Nonneoplastic Cystic Lesions of Pancreas: A Practical Clinical, Histologic, and Radiologic Approach

Cystic lesions of pancreas are increasingly identified due to widespread use and improved resolution of cross-sectional imaging. These lesions are broadly classified into neoplastic and nonneoplastic cysts. Nonneoplastic cysts have no malignant potential and include pseudocysts, retention cysts, benign epithelial cysts, abscesses, duodenal wall cysts (diverticula), lymphoepithelial cysts, and the recently described mucinous nonneoplastic cyst. Herein, we report the clinical presentation, histology, and imaging findings of nonneoplastic cystic lesions of the pancreas together with pancreatic necrosis.
Potentiation of Fas-mediated apoptosis of murine granulosa cells by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cycloheximide.

The Fas antigen is a transmembrane receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) receptor family that, when activated by Fas ligand or agonistic antibodies, induces death by apoptosis. Although the presence of Fas antigen in ovarian tissues has been demonstrated, little is known about whether Fas antigen is functional in the ovary. This report shows that murine granulosa cells are initially resistant to antibody-induced Fas-mediated apoptosis, but will undergo apoptosis when cotreated with TNF and interferon-γ (IFN) or cycloheximide (CX). Granulosa cells were obtained from follicles of 23-day-old mice 2 days after injection of PMSG. Twenty-four hours after plating, cells were pretreated with either 0 or 200 U/ml IFN, which has been shown to induce Fas antigen expression and is required for Fas-mediated killing in many cell types. At 48 h, cells were treated with 2 μg/ml control IgG, 2 μg/ml anti-Fas antigen antibody (Fas mAb), 10 ng/ml TNF, or Fas mAb and TNF. Cytotoxicity (percent killing) rela...
Transient thermal contact of two semi-infinite bodies over a circular area

The transient heat conduction problem of the sudden contacting of two semi-infinite bodies is considered. Accurate analytical expressions are given for the average interface temperature for perfect contact. Both early and large times are covered; the early time expression is much more accurate than previously available. In addition the important and previously untreated case of imperfect contact is solved. The solutions are obtained utilizing a new method of solution called the Unsteady Surface Element (USE) Method. It is demonstrated that the method has considerable power for the solution of linear transient heat conduction problems involving contact between similar and dissimilar bodies.
Scene brightness of illuminated interiors

It is important to be able to engineer the brightness of interior spaces. In addition to the amount of light delivered to and reflected from surfaces in the space, light spectrum influences apparent scene brightness. Specifically, spaces illuminated by ‘cool white’ sources will look brighter than those illuminated by ‘warm white’ sources for the same photopic light levels. A scale model residential space was used to obtain judgements of scene brightness where light levels, surface reflectances and light source correlated colour temperatures were parametrically varied. Subjective and radiometric data were used to extend a provisional model of scene brightness, which is intended to be useful for predicting scene brightness of interior spaces illuminated to different levels by ‘white’ light sources of different correlated colour temperatures.
Coalescence of an emulsion in a fibrous bed: Part I. Theory

A model of a fibrous bed coalescer is presented which relates the collision frequency between particles and fibers to the overall coalescence frequency. The model will predict the ratio of outlet to inlet particle number densities (Y) and takes into account the mean inlet particle size, mean fiber size, void fraction of the bed, superficial velocity through the bed, degree of bed saturation, and bed length. The ratio of outlet to inlet particle number density, in terms of these parameters, is given by where η is defined as the coalescence efficiency and varies between 0 and 1 with the fiber Reynolds number. On presente un modele de dispositif a coalescence avec le lit fibreux, lequel etablit une relation entre la frequence de coalescence. Le modele predit le rapport entre les densites du nombre de particules a l'entree et a la sortie (Y) et tient compte des parametres suivants: grosseur moyenne des particules a l'entree et des fibres, fraction de vide du lit, velocite super-ficielle dans le lit, degre de saturation du lit et longueur du lit. Le rapport entre les densites du nombre de particules a l'entree et a la sortie est donne, en fonction des dits parametres, par l'equation suivante ou est l'efficacite de la coalescence et varie entre 0 et 1 avec le nombre de fibres (Reynolds).