cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term use of spironolactone for acne in women: A case series of 403 patients.

Background There are limited data regarding the long-term outcomes of spironolactone use for women with acne and its effect on truncal acne. Objective To comprehensively describe outcomes of patients treated with spironolactone in routine clinical practice, including long-term outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective case series of 403 adult women treated for acne with spironolactone at an academic medical center between 2008 and 2019. Rates of objective, as assessed by Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale scores, and subjective acne clearance were evaluated, as well as rates of treatment discontinuation, dosage changes, and drug survival. Logistic regression was used to assess for association between incidence of menstrual adverse effects and combined oral contraceptive use. Results As evaluated by Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale scores, at the first follow-up, 75.5%, 84.0%, and 80.2% of patients with available data had reduction or complete clearance of acne on the face, chest, and back, respectively. The mean drug survival was 470.7 days. Menstrual adverse effects were less common among those using combined oral contraception (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.50). Limitations This study was conducted at a single academic medical center. Conclusions Spironolactone improves clinical outcomes and is well tolerated for many adult women with acne using it for an extended duration.
The effect of ad appeals and message framing on consumer responses to plant-based menu items

Abstract While the recent surge of meat-like items on restaurant menus has received considerable attention, little is known how to encourage consumers to choose such novel dishes. To address this gap, we investigate the role of various communication strategies in making plant-based menu items more attractive. The results from Study 1 suggest that using a social appeal in the ad increases consumers’ preference for plant-based menu items via anticipated pleasure, but a health appeal does not. The results from Study 2 demonstrate that information on social costs induces feelings of ambivalence toward meat eating, thus making plant-based menu items more desirable. However, information on health risks of meat consumption does not have such an effect. Practical implications for promoting plant-based menu items are discussed.
Nonlinear dynamics investigation of flexural stiffness of composite laminated plate under the effect of temperature and combined loading using Lyapunov exponent parameter

Abstract The nonlinear dynamics behavior of the flexural stiffness (bending deflection) of the composite laminated plate is investigated using the conception of largest Lyapunov exponent parameter. Wolf algorithm is used to quantify largest Lyapunov exponent in the presence of aspect ratios and fiber volume fractions. A power spectrum analysis has been done using the amplitude of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to detect the non-periodic motion of the bending deflection of the composite laminated plate. The analytic solution has been done using the method of Levy solution of classical laminate plate approach. The simulation process is done using ANSYS software Ver. 18.2. The composite laminated plate is exposed to constant temperatures and combined loading. The temperature gradient of thermal shock is varied between (60 ° C and -15 ° C ) through the laminate thickness. The combined loading are the bending moment ( M o ) in the y-direction and in-plane force ( N x x ) in the x-direction. The experiment setup has been done through heating and cooling rig test environment. The non-periodic motion of the bending deflection is decreased with the increasing of aspect ratios while the non-periodic motion of the bending deflection is increased with the increasing of fiber volume fractions. The in-plane force ( N x x ) has a small effect on the flexural stiffness value within the rate of ( 95 . 842 % ) ; but the bending moment ( M o ) has a great effect on the flexural stiffness value in the rate of ( 4 . 158 % ) .
Homeless women's perspectives on smoking and smoking cessation programs: A qualitative study.

Abstract Background Individuals who are unsheltered or experiencing homelessness are more likely to smoke than those in the general population and have a higher prevalence of tobacco-related illnesses. Those who are unhoused make quit attempts at rates similar to the general population, however rates of successful quitting are much lower. Women bear a higher burden of smoking-related diseases and are less successful in their cessation efforts than men. Despite these increased risks and challenges, cessation programs specifically designed to meet the needs of women experiencing homelessness are extremely rare. Methods To examine perceptions of smoking cessation programs among women who are unstably housed, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with twenty-nine women experiencing homelessness or unstable housing who had histories of tobacco and substance use. Interviews explored the social context of smoking, as well as interest in, barriers to, and facilitators of quitting. We used a grounded theory approach to analyze the transcripts. Results Participants reported a number of structural barriers to cessation. They reported obstacles to participating in existing cessation programs, including chronic stress related to experiences of being unsheltered and fear of being exposed to neighborhood violence. These conditions were paired with a strong need to self-isolate in order to maintain personal safety, which runs counter to traditional group-based cessation programs. Conclusion A dissonance exists between current smoking cessation programs and the needs of women who are unsheltered or unstably housed. Alternative cessation treatment delivery models that address extremely high levels of chronic stress violence, and avoidance of group settings are needed, as are programs that provide options for safe participation.
Encouraging Collaborative Idea-Building in Enterprise-Wide Innovation Challenges

Innovation challenges are increasingly adopted for idea generation in interand intrafirm innovation to elicit novel solutions from employees to strategic and businessrelated problems of the firm. However, the current idea-oriented approach is limited in leveraging the full capacity of open innovation, as it focuses more on identifying the best ideas through competition rather than generating new idea through participants’ recombination and integration of their expertise. We argue that the capabilities of innovation challenges can be fully leveraged when participants engage in collaborative interactions during innovation challenges. We propose the notion of “collaborative challenge,” denoting innovation challenges in which individual participants behave in ways that foster knowledge integration across diverse ideas.
Teacher Evaluation and Retention of Teachers Based on Student Achievement in Rural Alaska

Many states, including Alaska, have recently developed a requirement to include student achievement in the performance evaluation of teachers (State Board of Education Policy 4 AAC 04.200). The view of classroom teachers, administrators, and teacher educators is that there needs to be multiple measures of student achievement and, in some cases, multiple years of data to determine the achievement level of students. There are many variables affecting student achievement over which the teacher has no control, and these may negatively skew the achievement levels used in the teacher’s performance evaluation. The variables will be identified and examined in this article. This application of student achievement measures through standardized achievement affect the recruitment and retention of teachers in Rural Alaska, particularly in schools where there are very low performing students as measured by standardized tests.
The Subpopulation of CD4+CD25+ Splenocytes That Delays Adoptive Transfer of Diabetes Expresses L-Selectin and High Levels of CCR7

Recently, CD4 + CD25 + T cells have been implicated in the control of diabetes, suggesting that the inflamed islets of Langerhans in prediabetic NOD mice are under peripheral immune surveillance. Here we show that CD4 + CD25 + splenocytes inhibit diabetes in cotransfer with islet-infiltrating cells. Furthermore, CD62L expression is necessary for this disease-delaying effect of CD4 + CD25 + cells in vivo, but not for their suppressor function in vitro. We demonstrate that the CD4 + CD25 + CD62L + splenocytes express CCR7 at high levels and migrate toward secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine and ELC (macrophage-inflammatory protein-3β), lymphoid chemokines, whereas CD4 + CD25 + CD62L − splenocytes preferentially express CCR2, CCR4, and CXCR3 and migrate toward the corresponding inflammatory chemokines. These data demonstrate that CD4 + CD25 + CD62L + , but not CD4 + CD25 + CD62L − , splenocytes delay diabetes transfer, and that CD4 + CD25 + suppressor T cells are comprised of at least two subpopulations that behave differently in cotransfer in vivo and express distinct chemokine receptor and chemotactic response profiles despite demonstrating equivalent suppressor functions in vitro.
Other Transport Properties of Porous Media

The saturation dependence of the air permeability, solute and gas diffusion are shown to obey universal expressions from percolation theory. In the case of the air permeability and gas diffusion, changing the air content of the medium does not change the radius of the bottleneck pore size, meaning that the pore-size distribution is irrelevant to the saturation dependence. If the pore-size distribution does not play a role, the controlling influence on this behavior is the universal evolution of the topology of the infinite cluster with changing moisture content. The scaling of the diffusion constant with percolation probability in a finite system is known to follow the same function as the electrical conductivity. Since we showed in Chap. 6 that the pore-size distribution is typically (though not always) unimportant to the saturation-dependence of the electrical conductivity, one expects the same universal scaling behavior for the solute diffusion. The thermal conductivity is shown to have an important dependence on particle-particle contact resistance values at low moisture contents, to follow approximately the universal expression from percolation theory at intermediate moisture contents and, nearer saturation to follow a universal expression from effective-medium theory.
Matrix reactions of alkaline earth metal atoms with ozone: Infrared spectra of the metal ozonide and metal oxide molecules

Abstract The 15°K deposition of alkaline earth metal atoms and ozone molecules at high dilution in argon yielded intense bands near 800 cm −1 and in the region, 450–650 cm −1 . The bands near 800 cm −1 showed the appropriate oxygen isotopic shifts for assignment to ν 3 of the ozonide ion; the use of scrambled isotopic ozones indicated that the metal cation is symmetrically bound to the ozonide anion which contains three oxygen atoms with two equivalent oxygens. For the case of Ca and Ba atoms and ozone, infrared absorptions appeared between 450–650 cm −1 which showed appropriate oxygen isotopic shifts for vibrational assignment to several metal oxide species. In the calcium experiments, bands at 635.7 and 575.5 cm −1 which showed diatomic oxygen-18 isotopic shifts were tentatively identified as (CaO) 2 species; a pair of bands at 593.0 and 592.2 cm −1 were tentatively assigned to CaO 2 . For the barium reactions, bands at 634.7, 571.3, and 460.0 showed appropriate oxygen-18 frequency shifts for assignment to BaO, BaO 2 , and (BaO) 2 , respectively. The BaO assignment was confirmed by the N 2 O-nitrogen matrix reaction which yielded a nitrogen matrix counterpart for BaO at 612.4 cm −1 .
Oncofertility for Adolescents: When Parents and Physicians Disagree about Egg Cryopreservation for a Mature Minor.

Because the right to a family is a basic human right, clinicians have a duty to advocate for fertility-preserving measures as part of cancer care for minors and, when there is potential conflict with the patients’ legal guardians, to enlist consultative services.
INTERLEUKIN-6 AND RHEUMATIC DISEASES

IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both the initiation and the maintenance of the inflammatory and immunologic responses in certain autoimmune diseases. Blocking of these two complementary functions of IL-6 may confer additive, or even unique, benefits to the patient. The levels of both IL-6 and its soluble receptor (sIL-6Rα) are elevated to various degrees in many rheumatic diseases. IL-6 blockade has been shown to be beneficial both in experimental models and in human disease, and inhibition of IL-6 signaling with a molecule such as tocilizumab could prevent or reverse some of the complications typically associated with rheumatic diseases.
Reservoir modeling for electromigration improvement of metal systems with refractory barriers

Metal ion reservoirs in a Ti-AlCu-TiN metal system with W vias have been shown to increase electromigration lifetimes in barrier metal systems. In this study, it is empirically shown that EM lifetime increase is related to the natural-log of reservoir length in a constant width line. In this process, where vias do not penetrate the barrier, the number of vias, via spacing, and metal overlap do not play a significant role in defining EM lifetime. The results are thought to apply to any barrier metal system, assuming the via does not penetrate the barrier and contact the AlCu or Cu main conductor.
An Introduction to the Navier-Stokes Initial-Boundary Value Problem

The equations of motion of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid — usually called Navier-Stokes equations — have been written almost one hundred eighty years ago. In fact, they were proposed in 1822 by the French engineer C.M.L.H. Navier upon the basis of a suitable molecular model. It is interesting to observe, however, that the law of interaction between the molecules postulated by Navier were shortly recognized to be totally inconsistent from the physical point of view for several materials and, in particular, for liquids. It was only more than twenty years later that the same equations were rederived by the twenty-six year old G. H. Stokes 1845 in a quite general way, by means of the theory of continua.
High avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes to a foreign antigen are efficiently activated following immunization with a recombinant paramyxovirus, simian virus 5

Our previous work has shown that high avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are optimal for virus clearance in vivo and thus it is necessary that an effective vaccine is capable of eliciting high avidity CTL. To determine if vaccination with the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) elicits a high avidity response to a model foreign antigen, a recombinant virus was engineered to express chicken ovalbumin (rSV5-Ova). To compare the CTL response elicited with rSV5-Ova and a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing ovalbumin (rVV-Ova), mice were vaccinated intranasally with various doses of each vector and the Ova-specific CTL response was determined by ELISPOT analysis. Here, it has been shown that rSV5 can be equally as effective as rVV in eliciting antigen-specific CTL, in terms of both the total number of CTL and the number of high avidity cells. This has implications for both the design of vaccine vectors and the route utilized for vaccine administration for the elicitation of high avidity CTL responses. The advantages and future potential use of rSV5 vaccine vectors are discussed.
Social Development in Rhesus Monkeys: Consideration of Individual Differences

The development of social behavior by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) has attracted the interest of numerous investigators over the past 2 decades. Researchers have watched rhesus monkey infants grow up in many different physical and social settings, including feral environments within the Indian subcontinent (Lindburg, 1973; Taylor et al., 1980), outdoor enclosures containing social groups similar in composition to those found in the wild (Sade, 1967; Berman, 1978), and a variety of laboratory environments in which access to social stimuli is under rigorous experimental control (Hansen, 1966; Hinde and Spencer-Booth, 1967; Dienske and Metz, 1977). In general, it has been found that if rhesus monkeys are reared under conditions of severe social deprivation obvious psychopathology will result, but if they are reared in social environments that contain their mothersand access to peers they will most likely develop behavioral repertoires highly similar to those displayed by rhesus monkeys reared in natural habitats (Harlow and Harlow, 1969; Suomi and Harlow, 1978). Indeed, monkeys reared in socially “adequate” laboratory environments follow the same general ontogenic schedule, in terms of the timing and sequence of emergence of specific patterns of behavior, as do rhesus monkeys who grow up in the wild (Rosenblum 1971; Suomi, 1977).
Insulin resistance and pathological brain ageing

Sir Harold Himsworth's prescient observations 75 years ago have recently been expanded to include a clear relationship between insulin resistance and central nervous system function. Insulin is a master regulator of corporeal ageing in all known species, determining the rate and expression of ageing in multiple body systems. Thus, it is not surprising that insulin also plays an important role in brain ageing and cognitive decline that is associated with pathological brain ageing. Brain ageing is accompanied by reduced insulin effectiveness, either by an inadequate cellular response to insulin or by insulin deficiency attributable to reduced insulin transport across the blood-brain barrier. Age-associated brain insulin abnormalities may contribute to cognitive decline in ageing, as have been documented in older adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. With more extreme pathology, brain insulin resistance may be associated with neurogenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, and the condition which precedes Alzheimer's disease, known as amnestic mild cognitive impairment. In the following review, we discuss the mechanisms through which insulin resistance may induce or potentiate pathological brain ageing and thereby create a neurobiological environment that promotes neurodegeneration and associated cognitive decline. This topic is timely, given that insulin resistance-associated conditions such as diabetes and obesity have reached epidemic proportions. The prevalence of such chronic conditions, in combination with a rapidly ageing population, may result in a corresponding increase in the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive disorders. Fortunately, insulin resistance-associated conditions are amenable to both pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions that may reduce the deleterious impact of insulin resistance on the ageing brain.
Mothers' Verbal and Nonverbal Strategies in Relation to Infants' Object-Directed Actions in Real Time and Across the First Three Years in Ethnically Diverse Families

We examined maternal behavioral strategies in relation to infants' object-directed actions in real time and over developmental time in 206 mother–infant dyads from African American, Dominican immigrant, and Mexican immigrant backgrounds. Mothers were asked to share a set of beads and strings with their infants when children were 14, 24, and 36 months. We coded three types of maternal strategies—eliciting attention, instructive assistance, and encouragement—which could be expressed verbally (e.g., “look”, “turn it”, “good job!”) or physically (i.e., through gestures, hands-on guidance, or transfer of objects). We also coded infants' unassisted bead-stringing. Across ethnic groups and ages, mothers' hands-on guidance and object transfer increased the likelihood that infants would follow with unassisted bead-stringing during real-time interaction. Over developmental time, mothers modified their strategies: They displayed fewer attention-getting strategies and more encouragement across infant ages, and peaked in their provision of instructive assistance when infants were 24 months. Additionally, Mexican mothers displayed more nonverbal strategies (e.g., gestures, hands-on guidance) than did African American and/or Dominican mothers, who displayed more verbal strategies (e.g., attention-getting and encouraging language). Developmental and real-time patterns in mother–infant object-related interactions generalize across ethnicities, although mothers' emphases on specific strategies are culture specific.
More Old Gold Than New: Organic Psychiatry. The Psychological Consequences of Cerebral Disorder (3rd ed.). W.A. Lishman, 1998. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. 922 pp., $99.95.

Since its first publication in 1978, and even more since having the second edition (1987), this prodigious compilation of clinically relevant information about the spectrum of neuropsychiatric entities and issues has been one of my most used reference books. Among its many virtues are its clarity of presentation, useful documentation, and coverage of just about all neurologic disorders that have behavioral (i.e., psychological and/or psychiatric) implications. I would not have wanted to practice or write without the current edition of Lishman at hand.
Efficient use of high performance computers for integrated controls and structures design

Simply transporting design codes from sequential-scalar computers to parallel-vector computers does not fully utilize the computational benefits offered by high performance computers. By performing integrated controls and structures design on an experimental truss platform with both sequential-scalar and parallel-vector design codes, conclusive results are presented to substantiate this claim. The efficiency of a Cholesky factorization scheme in conjunction with a variable-band row data structure is presented. In addition, the Lanczos eigensolution algorithm has been incorporated in the design code for both parallel and vector computations. Comparisons of computational efficiency between the initial design code and the parallel-vector design code are presented. It is shown that the Lanczos algorithm with the Cholesky factorization scheme is far superior to the sub-space iteration method of eigensolution when substantial numbers of eigenvectors are required for control design and/or performance optimization. Integrated design results show the need for continued efficiency studies in the area of element computations and matrix assembly.
Local or distributed activation? The view from biology

There is considerable disagreement among connectionist modellers over whether to represent distinct properties by distinct nodes of a network or whether properties should be represented by patterns of activity across all nodes. This paper draws on the literature of neuroscience to say that a more subtle way of describing how different brain regions contribute to a behaviour, in terms of individual learning and in terms of degrees of importance, may render the current debate moot: both sides of the 'localist' versus 'distributed' debate emphasise different aspects of biology.
A stage-scaled distributed power amplifier achieving 110GHz bandwidth and 17.5dBm peak output power

This paper presents the design of a pseudo-differential distributed power amplifier in a 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS process. Based on the newly proposed efficiency enhancing stage-scaling technique, the distributed power amplifier achieves a small-signal bandwidth of 110GHz, a peak saturated output power of 17.5dBm and a peak PAE of 13.2%. The measured 3dB output power bandwidth is greater than 77GHz. The amplifier consumes 119mA from a 3V supply.
Neurotic Factors beyond Learning Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Learning disorder is co-morbid with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and both are interwoven with neurotic factors (Gilmore, 2000). Deficits in thinking and attention affect a child's adaptation and sense of self. However, the child's sense of self, anxiety, and neurotic defensive structures effects thinking and capacity for attention. Tutoring, school placement, medication, and cognitive behavioral interventions are all helpful in correcting for weakness in cognition and attention. Only a psychotherapeutic relationship with a dynamic perspective can address the neurotic impairment in executive functions of the ego. The interpretive process builds insight into maladaptive personal and social defenses and helps the child grow healthier defenses that more effectively support attention and cognition. Work with transference and countertransference over time fosters internalization of integrative functions. I will give a sequence of vignettes from a single play session consultation with a child who ha...
Trace and delay differential classical eyelid conditioning in human adults

Experiment I compared trace and delay differential classical eyelid conditioning in adult human Ss at three ISIs (800, 1,100, 1,400 msec). Pure-tone CSs were used, with the trace CS having a duration of 50 msec and the delay CS terminating with the UCS. There was no significant trace deficit at any ISI, which indicates that the recognition or identification response involved in the differential classical conditioning of adult humans is maintained during long trace-stimulus offset to UCS-onset intervals. Experiment II compared trace and delay differential conditioning at 300-, 500-, and 800-msec ISIs. Again there was no trace conditioning deficit. Differential conditioning was significantly poorer at a 500- than at an 800-msec ISI, and no differential conditioning was found with a 300-msec ISI. The level of conditioning of the 300-msec group was much below that of the other groups and that expected for single-cue conditioning at the same ISI.
Changes in blood and plasma volumes during growth

Plasma and blood volumes of children and young adults are related to weight, surface area, and height by linear, exponential, and power functions. Over the entire growth period the best predictions of blood and plasma volumes were obtained from height by an exponential equation. Adequate estimates of blood volume were also obtained by those power and linear functions which related volumes to weight or surface area. The mild hypoxia associated with residency at moderate altitude (1,600 M.) did not elevate hematocrit levels in normal prepubertal boys as it did in adult males. Indirect evidence suggests that plasma and blood volumes of normal children expand significantly within 10 to 15 minutes after lying down.
Surfactant phospholipid metabolism

Pulmonary surfactant is essential for life and is composed of a complex lipoprotein-like mixture that lines the inner surface of the lung to prevent alveolar collapse at the end of expiration. The molecular composition of surfactant depends on highly integrated and regulated processes involving its biosynthesis, remodeling, degradation, and intracellular trafficking. Despite its multicomponent composition, the study of surfactant phospholipid metabolism has focused on two predominant components, disaturated phosphatidylcholine that confers surface-tension lowering activities, and phosphatidylglycerol, recently implicated in innate immune defense. Future studies providing a better understanding of the molecular control and physiological relevance of minor surfactant lipid components are needed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Phospholipids and Phospholipid Metabolism.
An Exploratory Study of How Occupational Therapists Develop Therapeutic Relationships With Family Caregivers

Family members, who provide 70% to 80% of all long-term care, have often been perceived by occupational therapists as a barrier to, rather than a partner in, effective care for elderly persons. This perception suggests that in order to build effective partnerships to manage complex issues, occupational therapists working with elderly persons must develop effective strategies for involving family members in the therapeutic process. This article describes a pilot study that examined how occupational therapists engage family caregivers of elderly persons receiving home care services. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to explore the behaviors demonstrated by two occupational therapists when working with family caregivers. The findings point to four primary types of occupational therapist-caregiver interaction, categorized as: caring, partnering, informing, and directing. These interaction styles were compared with current literature describing state-of-the-art occupational therapy practices with older adults and family caregivers. An emphasis was placed on examining how therapeutic interactions can evoke different caregiver responses and influence the development and maintenance of collaborative therapeutic relationships. The results of this pilot study can serve as a framework for further exploration of interactive strategies that promote caregiver empowerment and ultimately influence the ability of families to assume responsibility for the long-term care required by many chronically disabled older adults.
Impact of tumor-derived CCL2 on T cell effector function.

Abstract To study the effects of tumor-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) on the anti-tumor immune response we used the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma which constitutively expresses CCL2. We generated 4T1 that do not express detectable levels of CCL2 and found that the T cell response to the tumors were altered. Lymph nodes draining the CCL2- tumor contained CD62Llo cells that produced greater levels of INF-γ in response to the tumor than CD62Llo cells from lymph nodes draining a tumor that produced CCL2. Moreover, exposure of splenic T cells to recombinant CCL2 in vitro decreased the ability of the T cells to produce IFN-γ. However, despite the enhanced effector function evident in the absence of CCL2, vaccination/challenge experiments failed to reveal an increase in immunogencity of the CCL2 null cells relative to the CCL2+ cells. Collectively, these data indicate that tumor-derived CCL2 could decrease T cell effector function, yet not the overall immunogenicity of the tumor.
Diagnosis and management of tuberous sclerosis complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant neurocutaneous disorder with a high spontaneous mutation rate. Understanding of this disorder has greatly increased in recent years. Two chromosomal loci can produce the TSC phenotype: 9q34 and 16p13. These appear to code for proteins that have a tumor suppressor function. TSC results in hamartomas that affect various organ systems, most commonly brain, skin, heart, and kidney. Previously thought to consist of intractable seizures, facial angiofibromas, and dementia, increasing numbers of persons with less severe involvement have been identified. Diagnostic criteria, various types of lesions, and medical management are reviewed.
Transcending Differences and Persuading Through Faith: The Importance of Religion in Grassroots Organizing

In early June 2013, several of Indiana's largest businesses and prominent religious leaders from various Christian denominations came together to pledge their public support for the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013 (also known as S.744). Together, these business and religious leaders gathered at the headquarters of Indianapolis' own pharmaceutical giant, Eli Lilly and Company, along with volunteers from the grassroots organization known as the Indianapolis Congregation Action Network (IndyCAN). IndyCAN and its branch, the Campaign for Citizenship, had organized this meeting between these religious and business leaders in order to gain the support of some of Indianapolis' most prominent figures for the new immigration reform bill.
Constitutive Modeling of the Visco-Plastic Response of Hastelloy-X and Aluminum Alloy 8009

The viscoplastic behavior of advanced, high temperature, metallic alloys is characterized using the Bodner Partom unified constitutive model. Material parameters for both Hastelloy-X and Aluminum alloy 8009 are obtained for this model. The Bodner-Partom constitutive model is summarized, and a detailed approach for determining the model parameters from experimental data is reviewed. Experimental methods for obtaining the mechanical test data are described. Bodner-Partom model parameters are determined from data obtained in uniaxial, isothermal, monotonic tension or compression tests and isothermal creep tests. Model predictions from the parameters determined are generated and compared to experimental data.
The Hyperfine Structure of Cs II

The first spark spectrum of caesium was photographed in the visible region with equipment including an electrodeless discharge, a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and a glass Littrow-type spectrograph. The hyperfine structure of thirteen lines was measured and twelve of the patterns were analyzed and identified as being caused by transitions between the $5{p}^{5}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})6p$ terms and the $5{p}^{5}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})5d$, $6s$, $6d$, $7s$, and $5{p}^{5}(^{2}P_{1\frac{1}{2}})7d,8s$ terms of the energy level scheme established by Sawyer, Olthoff, and others. This analysis verified the $J$ values of seven levels given by Olthoff and Sawyer, determined the interval factors for nine energy levels, established one new energy level, and fixed the $J$ value for one of the levels suggested by Ricard. A tentative identification of the two terms with the largest interval factor as $5{p}^{5}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})6s^{1}P_{1}$ and $5{p}^{5}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})7s^{1}P_{1}$ leads to 202,263 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ as an approximate value of $5{p}^{6}^{1}S_{0}$.
Profiling with a GaAs laser diode radar

A GaAs laser radar system is described which can produce incremental range profiles with a precision better than ±7.5 cm (±3 inches). The system employs a pulsed room-temperature GaAs injection laser, a photomultiplier tube, and a sampling oscilloscope with a digital readout.
Symposium on "The savings and loan industry: crisis or opportunity?":

This paper presents the summary of a symposium on the crisis facing the savings and loan industry in the United States. It includes the thoughtful and thought-provoking opinions of four very active and renowned industry partic ipants and observers. The symposium examines the causes of the crisis and identifies key issues facing policy makers.The symposium was sponsored by the Management Department, Bucknell University. We thank Professors George Kester and Elton McGoun for editing the presentations of the panelists and providing an insightful introduction and concluding note.We believe this symposium format is a valuable tool for discussing different perspectives on crises that are currently in progress. From time to time we will publish symposium discussions about ongoing crises. We hope that these sym posium papers will act as catalysts for debate and research on emerging crises.
Quantification of Elastin Residual Stretch in Fresh Artery Tissue: Impact on Artery Material Properties and Pulmonary Hypertension Pathophysiology

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized as a chronic elevation in mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) resulting from increased hydrodynamic resistance and decreased hydraulic capacitance of the pulmonary circulatory system. These hemodynamic changes cause the heart to operate outside optimum pump efficiency. The heart compensates for the efficiency loss through ventricular hypertrophy which, if left untreated, will continue until cardiac failure results.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Novel Long-Circulating Liposomes Containing Peptide Library-Lipid Conjugates: Synthesis and in Vivo Behavior

Rapid uptake of intravenously injected liposomes by the mononuclear phagocyte system has limited their use as drug delivery vehicles. Recently, various long-circulating liposomes have been prepared by incorporating glycolipids or other amphiphilic molecules into the lipid bilayer of conventional liposomes. The purpose of the present study was to design a new class of biodegradable membrane modifiers that would increase the half-life of liposomes in vivo. Using solid-phase peptide synthesis, synthesized were 30-residue random libraries consisting of a random sequence of glycine, beta-alanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The libraries were coupled to stearic acid (SA) or phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The resulting amphiphilic conjugates were mixed with egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (Chol) in a 6:47:47 ratio, and unilamellar liposomes were prepared. For comparison, plain PC/Chol (50:50) liposomes, as well as liposomes containing polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SA/PC/Chol (6:47:47) and PEG-PE/PC/Chol (6:47:47) were also prepared. Calcein was entrapped in the liposomes, which were given intravenously to rats at a dose of 9.2 mumol lipid/kg, and the amount of intact liposomes present in serum was followed with time. While the conventional liposomes had a short elimination half-life (28 min), the liposomes modified with library-PE had a much longer half-life (170 min), while library-SA provided no improvement of the liposome pharmacokinetics. PEG-PE greatly improved the half-life of the liposomes (400 min) while PEG-SA only provided a marginal improvement. All liposome preparations were cleared in a biphasic fashion. In conclusion, a novel biodegradable lipopeptide conjugate was designed that endows liposomes with a prolonged circulation time in vivo. The pharmacokinetic profile of these modified liposomes was drastically improved over that of conventional liposomes. Since the library is prepared by solid-phase synthesis, length and/or composition could easily be modified in order to modulate the clearance profile of the liposomes. Tailoring of the pharmacokinetic profile of the liposomes depending on their intended application may allow for a greater flexibility of use than PEG-PE.
Synthesis of Gold Glyconanoparticles and Biological Evaluation of Recombinant Gp120 Interactions

As part of our continuing efforts to study the molecular events involved in HIV recognition of mucosal membrane cells, we are studying the interactions of the HIV-associated glycoprotein gp120, with the cellular receptor GalCer. In this work, we report investigations of multivalent interactions of Au glyconanoparticles containing galactosyl and glucosyl headgroups with recombinant gp120. These particles were prepared from disulfides containing C-glycosides linked to triethylene glycol via an amide bond using a modification of the Brust method.1 Results from transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and UV−vis absorption spectroscopy data are consistent with an average particle diameter of 2 nm. Elemental analyses indicate that the average composition of the particles is 1.6:1 Au:carbohydrate. A biotin−NeutrAvidin adhesion assay was used to evaluate the relative ability of carbohydrate disulfides and Au glyconanopraticles to displace rgp120 from plate-bound GalCer. The data indicate that d...
Simulation of temporal changes in rainfall-runoff characteristics, Coon Creek basin, Wisconsin

: Streamflow for 67 years was simulated for Coon Creek at Coon Valley, Wisconsin, for three conditions in the drainage basin: (1) conditions in the 1930s; (2) conditions in the 1970s, excluding flood-detention reservoirs; and (3) conditions in the 1970s, including flood-detention reservoirs. These simulations showed that the changes in agricultural practices over 40 years (1940–80) reduced the 100-year flood by 53 percent (from 38,900 to 18,300 cubic feet per second). The flood-detention reservoirs reduced the 100-year flood by an additional 17 percent (to 15,100 cubic feet per second). The simulation was accomplished by calibrating a precipitation-runoff model to observed rainfall and runoff during two separate periods (1934–40 and 1978–81). Comparisons of model simulations showed that differences between the model calibrations for the two periods were statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level.
Glucocorticoid regulation of ornithine decarboxylase in the postnatal rat lung.

Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is thought to play a critical role in pulmonary development. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of dexamethasone on ODC gene expression and enzyme activity in the lung of rat pups. Subcutaneous administration of dexamethasone (10 mg kg ) was shown to suppress ODC activity in 2-, 6- and 10-day-old rats for as long as 24 h after injection. In contrast, dexamethasone treatment stimulated liver ODC activity indicating that the inhibition of lung ODC is tissue specific. Contrary to expectation, the glucocorticoid enhanced lung ODC expression as indicated by an increased accumulation of ODC mRNA transcripts. The latter effect was associated with an heightened expression of c-myc and max mRNAs, the encoded proteins of which act as transactivators of the ODC gene. Dexamethasone did not alter lung levels of “antizyme” (AZ), an inducible protein that specifically promotes the degradation of the ODC protein enzyme. However, the lack of AZ induction does not necessarily mean that ODC degradation is not the mechanism for the decrease in lung ODC activity of dexamethasone-treated animals. The results obtained indicate that glucocorticoids can downregulate lung ODC activity, and that the effect is mediated by post-transcriptional rather than transcriptional mechanisms. These findings are consistent with the idea that endogenous glucocorticoids play an important role in the modulation of ODC activity and early pulmonary development.
Difference in erythrocyte catechol‐O‐methyltransferase activity between Orientals and Caucasians: Difference in levodopa tolerance

The same bimodal distribution of erythrocyte catechol-O-methyltransferase (RBC-COMT) was found in normal Caucasians and Orientals, but the frequency distribution of high RBC-COMT activity of the Orientals was significantly greater than that of the Caucasians. There was no difference in RBC-COMT frequency distribution between Oriental ethnic groups studied (i.e., Chinese and Filipinos). Since Caucasians with Parkinson's disease who had high RBC-COMT activity appeared to have more adverse effects from levodopa (L-dopa) than had those with low RBC-COMT activity, L-dopa doses and adverse responses in Filipinos with parkinsonism were compared to those of Caucasians with parkinsonism. The Filipinos were prescribed substantially lower doses than were the Caucasian patients, and more Filipinos than Caucasians developed dyskinesia at comparable doses of L-dopa. The possible association of the clinical differences in L-dopa tolerance and response between Filipinos and Caucasians with Parkinson's disease, with the racial differences in RBC-COMT activity is discussed. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1984) 35, 804–809; doi:10.1038/clpt.1984.116
Observation of pair absorption in calcium

Abstract Pair absorption has been observed in calcium using broad band absorption. The absorption peaks at the sum energy of the (4s4p) 1 P° and (4s3d) 1 D atomic states. A cross section of 1.3 × 10 -22 (P/A) cm 2 is measured corresponding to a reduced absorption coefficient of 1.3 × 10 -35 cm 5 . An error in earlier calculations predicting the reduced absorption coefficient for pair absorption in barium is noted. Simple scaling laws, our experimental results, and the assumption that the barium process is dominated by the resonant dipole-dipole interaction are used to deduce an upper limit for the calcium (4s3d) 1 D→(4s4p) 1 P° oscillator strength of 6.5 × 10 -4 .
Challenges to Childhood Asthma Intervention Delivery in Hard-to-Reach Small Rural Communities A School-Based Approach

The burden of asthma in most rural America is mirrored in part by the state of West Virginia, with a 2.2% higher rate than the national average. Most rural residents live in small communities of population size < 3000. While studies have reported on asthma management interventions elsewhere, only a few involved such small rural environments. Because of the unique socioeconomic demographics and challenges faced by these communities—including geographic isolation, indoor exposures to secondary tobacco smoke, and limited access to health care—school children and their families should be educated in asthma management skills. This article focuses on a school-based intervention approach for students and an assessment of their parents’ support and knowledge gained during the intervention. Although the school-based asthma education increased participating students’ asthma management skills, 3 major challenges emerged: Some parents exhibited persistent adverse behaviors in controlling asthma triggers in their home...
RESPIRATORY DISEASE MORTALITY IN AN INSTITUTIONALISED MENTALLY RETARDED POPULATION

Mortality from respiratory diseases has been described in a large institution for the mentally retarded, from 1958 to 1973. Pneumonia continued to account for a large proportion of deaths (around forty per cent), when underlying causes of death were analysed. Age-specific death rates from pneumonia (underlying or contributory cause of death) showed little or no decline for ages five to sixty and over. Autopsy reports on 237 persons revealed high frequencies of bronchopneumonia, pulmonary congestion, pleurisy and aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration and its sequelae (aspiration pneumonia, lipid pneumonia) appears to be a major problem in this population, upon which prevention programmes could concentrate. Some risk factors associated with aspiration were also identified.
Does the arc accretion model adequately explain the Paleoproterozoic evolution of southern Laurentia?: An expanded interpretation

A common model for the Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of southern Laurentia involves southerly accretion of successively younger island arcs from 1780 to 1650 Ma. This model may be oversimplified, however, for although andesite and basaltic andesite, major components of modern island arcs, occur, they are relatively rare, and large volumes of rocks are dominantly bimodal metavolcanic assemblages and related granitoids. Ophiolites occur, but they are also rare, and only one accretionary melange has been described. Inherited zircons, and common Pb and Nd isotopic data indicate involvement of older crust in ca. 1750 Ma rocks of the Mojave Province of southeastern California and western Arizona and the bimodal assemblages of central Colorado. These data suggest that the bimodal volcanic rocks were derived from pre-existing continental crust, likely of ca. 1850 Ma Trans-Hudson–Penokean age, during extension and partial melting associated with the development of transpressional crustal-scale shear zones. The occurrence of the 1840 ± 1 Ma Elves Chasm pluton in the Grand Canyon demonstrates that rocks of Trans-Hudson–Penokean age are present in southwestern Laurentia.
Increased vesicular glutamate transporter expression causes excitotoxic neurodegeneration

Increases in vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) levels are observed after a variety of insults including hypoxic injury, stress, methamphetamine treatment, and in genetic seizure models. Such overexpression can cause an increase in the amount of glutamate released from each vesicle, but it is unknown whether this is sufficient to induce excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Here we show that overexpression of the Drosophila vesicular glutamate transporter (DVGLUT) leads to excess glutamate release, with some vesicles releasing several times the normal amount of glutamate. Increased DVGLUT expression also leads to an age-dependent loss of motor function and shortened lifespan, accompanied by a progressive neurodegeneration in the postsynaptic targets of the DVGLUT-overexpressing neurons. The early onset lethality, behavioral deficits, and neuronal pathology require overexpression of a functional DVGLUT transgene. Thus overexpression of DVGLUT is sufficient to generate excitotoxic neuropathological phenotypes and therefore reducing VGLUT levels after nervous system injury or stress may mitigate further damage.
Indikationsstellung zur Hochvoltbestrahlung

Despite recent advances in the treatment of lung cancer, long-term survival remains rare. As more information pertaining to the biology of lung cancer is understood, it is hoped that improvements in outcome can be realized