cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Dummy Variables to Evaluate Promotional Programs in the Automobile Industry

A dummy variable in a regression model was used to represent a manufacturer (company name, image, reputation, and promotional activities). The coefficient of this variable became a measure of the premium paid for a particular manufacturer’s automobiles.
An estimate of the prevalence of developmental phonagnosia.

Abstract A web-based survey estimated the distribution of voice recognition abilities with a focus on determining the prevalence of developmental phonagnosia, the inability to identify a familiar person based on their voice. Participants matched clips of 50 celebrity voices to 1–4 named headshots of celebrities whose voices they had previously rated for familiarity. Given a strong correlation between rated familiarity and recognition performance, a residual was calculated based on the average familiarity rating on each trial, which thus constituted each respondent’s voice recognition ability that could not be accounted for by familiarity. 3.2% of the respondents (23 of 730 participants) had residual recognition scores 2.28 SDs below the mean (whereas 8 or 1.1% would have been expected from a normal distribution). They also judged whether they could imagine the voice of five familiar celebrities. Individuals who had difficulty in imagining voices were also generally below average in their accuracy of recognition.
Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction

1. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction encompasses a spectrum of pathology ranging from isolated tendinosis to fixed flatfoot deformity. 2. Preoperative planning should involve assessment of flexible versus fixed deformity, correction of hindfoot and forefoot alignment, and detection of arthritis. 3. Debridement of the diseased tendon, medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy, and flexor digitorum longus transfer can be used effectively in the majority of patient with flexible flatfoot deformity (stage II disease). 4. Evaluation of equinus contracture and fixed forefoot supination should be undertaken after surgical correction of flatfoot deformity and additional procedures performed as needed. 5. The authors do not commonly utilize lateral column lengthening due to the risk of patients developing lateral foot pain.
Per-Capita Medicare Expenditures, Primary Care Access, Mortality Rates, and the Least Healthy Cities in America

Abstract Purpose To determine whether several measures of health care expenditures, access, and outcomes for the 25 recently identified "least healthy cities in America" differed from those in the rest of America. Methods For 2004 and 2013, we obtained publicly available price-, age-, sex-, and race-adjusted hospital service area per-capita Medicare expenditures; age-, sex-, and race-adjusted Medicare mortality rates; and 2 indicators of primary care access: the proportion of enrollees having at least one ambulatory visit to a primary care clinician and the per-capita discharge rate for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Using population weighting, we used Student t test for expenditure data and the chi-squared test for access and outcomes data to compare results of the 25 least healthy cities in aggregate to the rest of America. Results In both years examined, the 25 least healthy cities had substantially (about $500 per capita per year) and statistically significantly higher total per-capita Medicare Part A and Part B expenditures than the rest of America: about 4/5 of this difference was due to higher hospital and skilled nursing facility expenditures; physician expenditures were modestly lower in the 25 least healthy cities. While a greater proportion of Medicare beneficiaries in the least healthy cities had a primary care clinician both years, mortality and ambulatory care sensitive condition admission rates were substantially higher in the least healthy cities. Conclusions Policymakers and health system executives should work together to determine the best asset allocation across determinants of health that maximizes value creation from a community health perspective.
Improved properties of piezoelectric crystal lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate

Lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate single crystals of 33 mol% PIN (PIN33-PMN-PT) were grown by a modified Bridgman method. Properties were characterized along the crystal-growth direction. We find that compared with PMN-PT, the properties of PIN33-PMN-PT are significantly improved, with increases in coercive field strength (3x) and thermal depoling temperature (> 40degC) to 6.8 kV/cm and 137degC, respectively. These improvements in electrical and thermal stability expand the operating conditions for PIN-PMN-PT crystals in higher-performance ultrasound applications.
Electrically switchable metamaterials and devices(Conference Presentation)

The promise of metamaterials lies in the realization of desirable electromagnetic functionalities simply through tailoring the geometric structure and deliberate arrangement of metal/dielectric building blocks (meta-atoms) to yield envisaged material properties that may be difficult or impossible to accomplish using natural materials. Integration of functional materials into metamaterial structures further extends switchable and frequency tunable functionalities through applying an external stimulus such as temperature change, photoexcitation, and voltage bias. Among them electrically switchable metamaterials are of particular interest for a host of applications. In this work we present our recent progress in this direction. More specifically, hybrid terahertz metamaterials can be formed through integrating semiconducting Schottky junctions into the metallic resonators, enabling highly efficient, electrically switchable resonant response. Such hybrid terahertz metamaterials can be applied in creating terahertz spatial light modulators and active diffraction gratings. Furthermore, graphene can be used to extend the active metamaterials to the mid-infrared frequency range.
The prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus and other taeniid cestodes in sheep dogs of central Utah

Fifty-one of 62 sheep dogs in central Utah were successfully purged for diagnosis of cestodes in 1981. Tapeworms were identified in the purged fecal samples of 33 (64.7 percent) animals. Minimum infection rates in the dogs which were purged were; 9.8 percent for Echinococcus granulosus , 29.4 percent for Taenia pisiformis , 27.5 percent for T. ovis krabbei , 27.5 percent for T. hydatigena , and 2.0 percent for T. serialis . The prevalence of E. granulosus decreased from 27 percent in 1971 to 9.8 percent in 1981.
How admitted factors influence on quality management

Purpose: Understand the definition of quality management and its important factors. Study the advantage and disadvantage of quality management in various fields. Methodology: Literature reviews and case study will be used to obtain information thus forming ideas. Other research methods such as experiment, data acquisition, and analysis might be used in the following works.Findings: Quality management is a useful technique in various fields, such as: business, education, non-profit organizations. There are five factors that have distinct impact on quality management: management style, leadership, employee involvement, customer satisfaction and quality standard.Research limitations/implications: The definition of quality management is ambiguity in some aspects. Many middle managers are not very clear with the difference between quality assurance, quality control and quality management.Practical implications: Quality management is not only confined into quality aspect. It is also contributing in making profit for the organization.Originality/value: This paper engaged into investigating the benefit of quality management in different area and studies its factors which affect the performance of quality management. A new model has been built to illustrating the importance of quality management and its factors.
Computer Vision Syndrome

With the increased use of electronic devices with visual displays, computer vision syndrome is becoming a major public health issue. Improving the visual status of workers using computers results in greater productivity in the workplace and improved visual comfort.
Integrated River System Operation in a Major Flood

The largest flood experienced in this century on the Tennessee River system occurred in March 1973. TVA, through its organization and equipment, put into effect measures to mitigate flood damages not only on the integrated Tennessee River system but also on the lower Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to which the Tennessee River system is tributary. The weather and runoff conditions which generated the flood and the currently available weather services and hydrologic data formed the primary bases for actions taken to control the rising flood waters. The coordination with public officials, news media, and water and power regulators is essential to successful flood control operations of an integrated system of reservoirs. Despite the unusual areal distribution of the March 1973 rainfall and resulting runoff, the available control by reservoirs coupled with advance warnings of anticipated rising water levels and crest stages are the key to the success in mitigating flood damages.
Live Synthesis of Vehicle-Sourced Data Over 4G LTE

Accurate, up-to-date maps of transient traffic and hazards are invaluable to drivers, city managers, and the emerging class of self-driving vehicles. We present LiveMap, a scalable, automated system for acquiring, curating, and disseminating detailed, continually-updated road conditions in a region. LiveMap leverages in-vehicle cameras, sensors, and processors to crowd-source hazard detection without human intervention. We build a real-time simulation framework that allows a mix of real and simulated components to be tested together at scale. We demonstrate that LiveMap can work well at city scales within the limits of today's cellular network bandwidth. We also show the feasibility of accurate, in-vehicle, computer-vision-based hazard detection.
Rapid valproic acid-induced modulation of the traumatic proteome in a porcine model of traumatic brain injury and hemorrhagic shock

Abstract Background Histone deacetylase inhibitors such as valproic acid (VPA) improve survival in lethal models of hemorrhagic shock and polytrauma. Although VPA is known to modulate transcription, its ability to reduce mortality within minutes of administration suggests involvement of a rapid, posttranslational mechanism. We hypothesized that VPA treatment would cause proteomic changes within minutes of treatment including quantitative and/or posttranslational differences in structural and/or effector proteins. Materials and methods We used a porcine model of traumatic brain injury (computer-controlled cortical impact, 12 mm depth) and hemorrhagic shock (40% hemorrhage). Animals were kept in shock for 2 h and randomized to two groups (n = 3): normal saline (volume = 3:1 hemorrhage volume) or normal saline + VPA (150 mg/kg, single dose). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at baseline, postshock, and postresuscitation. Intracellular protein profiles were assessed using 1 dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and analyzed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. Results Animals treated with VPA demonstrated significant proteomic changes. Quantitative differences were found in over 200 proteins including effector, regulatory, and structural proteins in critical cell signaling pathways. Posttranslational modification analysis demonstrated differential VPA-induced acetylation of lysine residues in histone and nonhistone proteins. Pathway analysis correlated these changes with significant increases in numerous prosurvival and cytoskeletal intracellular pathways, including Rho GTPase signaling (P = 1.66E-11), integrin signaling (P = 4.19E-21), and a decrease in Rho guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor signaling (P = 4.83E-12). Conclusions In a porcine model of severe injuries, a single dose of VPA is associated with protective changes in the proteome that are measurable within minutes of treatment.
Bubbling with Controversy: Legal Challenges for Ceremonial Ayahuasca Circles in the United States

The use of ayahuasca has been spreading rapidly worldwide; however, no current statistics are available to provide a comprehensive understanding of the scope or pace of this expansion. In the United States, the expansion has included the appearance of the Brazilian ayahuasca religions Santo Daime and Uniao do Vegetal (UDV), underground ceremonial circles, workshops with itinerant Amazonian shamans, and spiritual retreat centers. This trend has included the recent emergence of groups and organizations that publicly advertise “legal” ayahuasca ceremonies and retreats. This chapter maps the existence of a series of organizations and actors who have controversially claimed legal protection through incorporation as “branches” of the Native American Church (NAC). The legality, religious character, and sincerity of these churches are reviewed in light of governing law, such as the First Amendment of the US Constitution, the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), and pertinent court cases involving the UDV and the Santo Daime, as well as ethnographic accounts of the historical Native American Church. Finally, it examines a petition for a religious exemption from the CSA from Ayahuasca Healings and speculates on the possibilities of the future of ayahuasca legality in the United States.
Seismic Upgrade of an Existing Tall Building Using Different Supplemental Energy Dissipation Devices

AbstractThe feasibility and cost-effectiveness of various retrofit techniques to improve the seismic performance of an existing 35-story steel building are examined. Three types of supplemental ene...
Caring for Rosie the Riveter's Children.

During the Second World War, women in the United States who worked in the war industries in such jobs as welders, riveters, heavy machinery operators, and parachute riggers were heralded in the media as “Rosie the Riveter.” From 1943 to 1945 a fortunate few of these workplace pioneers participated in a memorable experiment in child care at Kaiser shipyards. Here, two of the most ambitious, business-run, on-site child care centers in the United States were established to meet family needs. The centers operated 24 hours a day, 364 days a year. They were called “a new [employer-employee] development in industrial relations” (Kaiser, n.d.) and “a model for child care in the post-war world” (New York Times 1944). Lisa Gilbert, Southwest Washington Medical Center in Vancouver, Washington, recalls that her mother, a welder, and her father, a machinist, both worked at one of the two Kaiser Portland, Oregon, shipyards. She remembers the child care center she attended as a child: “My mother said care at the shipyard was a whole lot better an environment than leaving me at home” (Gilbert, pers. interview). Eleanor Roosevelt urged on-site child care
CUTTING AND BONING | Traditional

Reducing beef, pork, and lamb carcasses into smaller sections that can be handled more easily has been performed from early time first with rudimentary instruments and eventually with industrial knives and saws. The description of this process today ranges around the world, but in the United States, it is common to refer to converting carcasses into smaller portions as ‘fabrication’ or to ‘fabricate’ them. The nomenclature used to describe the anatomical location of the dividing points between major and minor cuts of carcasses is key to understanding how to cut them into products that are packaged and shipped to end users.
An Assessment of the SSC Impact on the Training and Employment Needs of North Central Texas

The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) has funded the Navarro College/Dallas County Community College District SSC Technical Training Project to determine the direct and indirect manpower needs in the eighteen-county North Central Texas area surrounding the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory (SSCL) and to identify training programs to be developed by local community colleges. This needs assessment for training has (1) revised and expanded regional labor demand estimates and forecasts from 1990 to 2000, (2) disaggregated all regional labor demand estimates and forecasts to the county level of analysis, (3) estimated the occupational structure of the direct and indirect employment effects of the SSC, (4) identified regional employers of the occupations significantly affected by the SSC, (5) inventoried vocational education program completers for community colleges and technical institutes throughout the state of Texas, and (6) produced a custom version of the PC-based State Labor Market Information System (LMIS) to include SSC technical training data.
The Control of Cytomegalovirus Infection: Chemotherapy

The pharmacokinetic profile, efficacy and toxicity of the two principal chemotherapeutic agents, ganciclovir and foscarnet, utilized in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in the immunocompromised host are reviewed. In addition, the efficacy, cost and safety of the various prophylactic regimens for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease is examined. Recommendations for treatment and prophylaxis in HIV infected and transplant recipients are given.
Helicase Dysfunctions in Human Diseases

Abstract Double-stranded DNA and RNA, and DNA/RNA hybrids form naturally in cells between two nucleic acid strands containing complementary sequences. However, these double-stranded nucleic acid structures need to be separated for DNA replication, RNA transcription, RNA processing, and DNA repair. These cellular processes are vital for normal cell growth and efficient recovery from environmental insults that damage DNA. Normally during these processes, DNA and RNA helicases unwind the double-stranded nucleic acid structures. Thus dysfunctions in these helicases contribute to a variety of clinical symptoms, including developmental abnormalities, mental retardation, neuromuscular degeneration, premature aging, and cancer predisposition. This review surveys the human diseases that have been linked to mutations in the helicase genes ATRX, BLM, CSA/B, DDX11, FANCJ/M, IFIH1, IGHMBP2, MCM4/5, RECQ4, RTEL1, SETX, TWINKLE, WRN, and XPB/D. The molecular functions of these helicases are also discussed.
State-dependent memory: Neurobiological advances and prospects for translation to dissociative amnesia

In susceptible individuals, overwhelming traumatic stress often results in severe psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or dissociative disorders. Among other symptoms, these disorders are defined by severe abnormalities of memory processing, manifested either as the uncontrollable emergence of memories (flashbacks) or as an inability to remember events (dissociative amnesia) that are usually, but not necessarily, related to the stressful experience. These memory deficits are believed to be the core source of debilitating psychopathologies such as anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. The question of why memory for some traumatic experiences is compromised while other comparably traumatic experiences are remembered perfectly well, both within and across individuals, has puzzled clinicians for decades. Whereas much effort has been invested in gaining a better understanding of memory processing in PTSD, the mechanisms underlying memory deficits in dissociative disorders have remained elusive. In this article, we present clinical, cognitive, and neurobiological perspectives on memory research relevant to dissociative amnesia. Given that state-dependence has been a widely accepted conceptual frameworks of memory processing in dissociative amnesia, we focus on this phenomenon by discussing its basic features in humans and proposing how advances in the neurobiology of state-dependent memory gleaned from animal studies could be translated to humans.
“He's More like a ‘Brother’ than a Teacher”: Politicized Caring in a Program for African American Males:

Background/ContextThe link between care and teaching is well accepted, and positive teacher-student relationships are known to benefit students’ in-school experiences and academic success. Yet, pos...
Radar Backscatter Measurements of Road Surfaces at 77 GHz

This paper describes some of the extensive measurements taken at 77 GHz of various surfaces relevant to driverless cars. Targets of particular interest are those that will be indicative of a car's position on the road as well as those that occur during inclement weather, when visibility is limited. Results are compared to similar measurements at different frequencies when available.
Abstract 622: Expression of Fatty Acid Binding Protein-4 in Atherosclerotic Watanabe Heritable Hyperlipidemic (WHHL) Rabbit Aortas

Background: Atherosclerotic diseases are among the prime cause of mortality globally. Proper animal model that can resemble the lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions in humans is key to stud...
Episcopal Oversight and Ecclesiastical Discipline: A Comment on the Concordat of Agreement between the Episcopal Church USA and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America:

A similar problem faces both Anglicans and Lutherans, namely that the succession in the presiding ministry of their respective churches no longer incontestably links those churches to the koinonia ...
A Methodology of Permanent Magnet Material Selection for Active Magnetization Change

The objective of this paper is to provide a method to select a permanent magnet material for active magnetization change techniques based on machine geometries. Active magnetization change techniques are methods to change the magnetization in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) during operation. Machines using these techniques have an advantage at the loss reduction and torque ripple reduction compared to the conventional PMSMs since it can dynamically shape the magnitude and the distribution of the magnetization in magnets without injecting continuous current. This paper discusses the rotor design for machines using active magnetization change techniques incorporating with the material selection. Starting from the mechanism of the de/re-magnetization relating to the geometrical parameters of machines, the remagnetizing current in per unit and the torque density per pole in MMF base are proposed as metrics to measure the performance of the machines with active magnetization techniques. A comparison of three commercially available low coercive magnet materials, AlNiCo9, SmCo R26, and SmCo R30 are provided to demonstrate a process to select a magnet considering a trade-off between machine geometries and active magnetization change capabilities.
Long-Term Functional Outcomes Among Childhood Survivors of Cancer Who Have a History of Osteonecrosis.

Background Glucocorticoids used to treat childhood leukemia and lymphoma can result in osteonecrosis, leading to physical dysfunction and pain. Improving survival rates warrants research into long-term outcomes among this population. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the physical function and quality of life (QOL) of survivors of childhood cancer who had an osteonecrosis history with that of survivors who had no osteonecrosis history and with that of people who were healthy (controls). Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods This study included St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study participants who were ≥ 10 years from the diagnosis of childhood leukemia or lymphoma and ≥ 18 years old; 135 had osteonecrosis (52.5% men; mean age = 27.7 [SD = 6.08] years) and 1560 had no osteonecrosis history (52.4% men; mean age = 33.3 [SD = 8.54] years). This study also included 272 people who were from the community and who were healthy (community controls) (47.7% men; mean age = 35.1 [SD = 10.46] years). The participants completed functional assessments and questionnaires about QOL. Results Survivors with osteonecrosis scored lower than other survivors and controls for dorsiflexion strength (mean score = 16.50 [SD = 7.91] vs 24.17 [SD = 8.61] N·m/kg) and scored lower than controls for flexibility with the sit-and-reach test (20.61 [SD = 9.70] vs 23.96 [SD = 10.73] cm), function on the Physical Performance Test (mean score = 22.73 [SD = 2.05] vs 23.58 [SD = 0.88]), and mobility on the Timed "Up & Go" Test (5.66 [SD = 2.25] vs 5.12 [SD = 1.28] seconds). Survivors with hip osteonecrosis requiring surgery scored lower than survivors without osteonecrosis for dorsiflexion strength (13.75 [SD = 8.82] vs 18.48 [SD = 9.04] N·m/kg), flexibility (15.79 [SD = 8.93] vs 20.37 [SD = 10.14] cm), and endurance on the 6-minute walk test (523.50 [SD = 103.00] vs 572.10 [SD = 102.40] m). Limitations Because some eligible survivors declined to participate, possible selection bias was a limitation of this study. Conclusions Survivors of childhood leukemia and lymphoma with and without osteonecrosis demonstrated impaired physical performance and reported reduced QOL compared with controls, with those requiring surgery for osteonecrosis most at risk for impairments. It may be beneficial to provide strengthening, flexibility, and endurance interventions for patients who have pediatric cancer and osteonecrosis for long-term function.
Predictors of JUUL, other electronic nicotine delivery systems, and combustible tobacco initiation among Texas youth

Abstract The objectives of this study were to 1) examine longitudinal predictors of JUUL and other tobacco product initiation, 2) compare these predictors across product type, and 3) describe cross-sectional characteristics of JUUL initiators, among a cohort of Texas adolescents. Analyses were also stratified to examine whether predictors of initiation differed by susceptibility to tobacco use at baseline. This study utilized data from Waves 7 and 8 (Fall 2017 and Spring 2018) of the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System (n = 2272). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine differences in predictors of initiation. Among those who initiated at Wave 8 (n=107), 40.2% initiated JUUL, 43.9% initiated other ENDS, and 15.9% initiated other combustible tobacco. For the full sample, ever marijuana use predicted the initiation of all tobacco products (Relative Risk Ratios “RRRs” from 2.31–4.13) as compared to non-users. For non-susceptible youth, ever marijuana use significantly predicted the initiation of JUUL (RRR = 10.08, 95% CI = 2.11–48.17) and other ENDS use (RRR = 12.07, 95% CI = 2.97–49.04). Peer tobacco use predicted the initiation of JUUL (RRR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.38–6.81) and other ENDS use (RRR = 5.36, 95% CI = 2.11–13.64) for the full sample, as well as those who were susceptible to tobacco use. For non-susceptible youth, peer tobacco use predicted the initiation of combustible tobacco use (RRR = 16.56, 95% CI = 1.56–175.84). Prominent reasons for JUUL use included curiosity, friend use, and less harmful that cigarettes. Results highlight the role of marijuana in the initiation of all tobacco products, even among low-risk youth; other predictors varied between product type. Interventions should address specific predictors to prevent youth from transitioning to tobacco use.
Detection of Asymptomatic Radiation Induced Optic Neuropathy with Optical Coherence Tomography

Radiation-induced optic neuropathy is a rare complication of radiation therapy that often results in profound, irreversible vision loss. We present a unique case of a patient in whom optical cohere...
Camp Life of Sri Lankan Refugees in India

This book looks at the mass migration of refugees into India during the Sri Lankan civil war, the lives of the displaced people in refugee camps and the politics around the issue. It analyses the citizenship policies in India and the social, economic, psychological, political and legal implications of the laws on the lives of Tamil refugees. Further, it examines the protracted refugee situations in other parts of the globe to build a comparative case study of the Sri Lankan refugees. It delves into the stories and lives of these people in their home country before the war, the crisis and trauma of war and the experience of living in refugee camps. The role played by the state government of Tamil Nadu, the Indian government and NGOs towards the protection of these refugees and state of facilities for health, safety, education, among others, in the camps is explored. Finally, the possibility of integration and solutions like voluntary repatriation or the granting of citizenship for the people living in these camps are explored, This book will be a useful resource for scholars and researchers of refugee and border studies, human rights, political studies, international relations, political sociology, peace and conflict studies, war and strategic studies, and South Asian studies.
Cellular Angiofibroma Arising in the Anorectal Region: Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Five Cases.

Abstract Cellular angiofibroma (CA) is a rare, benign mesenchymal tumor with a predilection to the distal female and male genital tract. Extragenital examples of CA, including anorectal CAs, are exceedingly rare and documented mainly as single case reports. Herein, we analyze the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 5 anorectal CAs. There were 4 males and one female ranging in age from 45 to 70 (median, 58) years at time of surgery. Tumors arose in the superficial tissues of the anorectal (n=3) and perianal (n=2) regions. The tumors were well-circumscribed ranging from 2 to 6.7 (median, 5.4) cm. All demonstrated a low to moderately cellular proliferation of cytologically bland spindled cells within a variably dense collagenous and focally myxocollagenous stroma and small to medium-sized vessels featuring perivascular collagen deposition. Two cases showed degenerative and/or inflammatory changes. All 5 tumors strongly expressed CD34 and androgen receptor proteins, more variably expressed estrogen (n=5) and progesterone (n=4) receptor proteins and desmin (n=3), and focally expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin (n=3), GATA-3 (n=2), and p16 (n=1). Retinoblastoma protein expression was reduced (n=4) (compared with expression in endothelial cells) or completely lost (n=1). All patients were treated with simple surgical excision and the 2 study members with follow-up data showed no evidence of local recurrence over a postoperative follow-up interval of 23 and 73 months. In comparison to conventional genital tract CA, our 5 anorectal CAs occurred mostly in males, were generally less cellular, and appear to follow a similar uneventful clinical course.
Linear Models for Outlier Detection

The different dimensions in real data sets are highly correlated with one another. This is because the different attributes are usually generated by the same underlying process in closely related ways. In the classical statistics literature, this is referred to as regression modeling, a parametric form of correlation analysis. Some forms of correlation analysis attempt to predict individual attribute values from others, whereas other forms summarize the entire data in the form of latent variables. An example of the latter is the method of principal component analysis. Both forms of modeling can be very useful in different scenarios of outlier analysis. This chapter will discuss the different methods for using linear correlation analysis for outlier detection.
'He Got in My Face so I Shot Him': How Defendants' Language Impairments Impair Attorney-Client Relationships

Language impairments -- deficits in language and the ability to use it -- occur at starkly elevated rates among adolescents and adults charged with and convicted of crimes. These impairments have serious ramifications for the quality of justice. In this article, we focus specifically on the effects of a client's language impairment on the attorney-client relationship, the constitutional realm that suffers most when a client lacks essential communication skills. The effects of language impairment can be seen in a client's ability to work with a lawyer in the first place, tell a story, comprehend legal information, and make a rational and informed decision. This article shows how these effects play themselves out within the attorney-client relationship, and the impact on the lawyer's ability to meet her constitutional and ethical obligations. We also propose concrete steps for improving the quality of communication within the attorney-client relationship. While attorneys will obviously shoulder much of the responsibility, judges and prosecutors are not exempt. A client's poor communication skills are not simply be "the lawyer's problem," but a matter of great concern for all stakeholders in the justice system.
Strength and Failure Theories

In the past sections we have focused upon the functional requirements of beam, plate and shell structural elements as subjected to particular loading environments. The material presented in this section now addresses the broader based objective of having acquired a knowledge of the load analysis methodology, how can one now apply this knowledge to design a structural system to ensure a potentially safe design.
SU-E-J-22: A Feasibility Study On KV-Based Whole Breast Radiation Patient Setup

Purpose: In room kilovoltage x-ray (kV) imaging provides higher contrast than Megavoltage (MV) imaging with faster acquisition time compared with on-board cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), thus improving patient setup accuracy and efficiency. In this study we evaluated the clinical feasibility of utilizing kV imaging for whole breast radiation patient setup. Methods: For six breast cancer patients with whole breast treatment plans using two opposed tangential fields, MV-based patient setup was conducted by aligning patient markers with in room lasers and MV portal images. Beam-eye viewed kV images were acquired using Varian OBI system after the set up process. In house software was developed to transfer MLC blocks information overlaying onto kV images to demonstrate the field shape for verification. KV-based patient digital shift was derived by performing rigid registration between kV image and the digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) to align the bony structure. This digital shift between kV-based and MV-based setup was defined as setup deviation. Results: Six sets of kV images were acquired for breast patients. The mean setup deviation was 2.3mm, 2.2mm and 1.8mm for anterior-posterior, superior-inferior and left-right direction respectively. The average setup deviation magnitude was 4.3±1.7mm for six patients. Patient with large breast had a largermore » setup deviation (4.4–6.2mm). There was no strong correlation between MV-based shift and setup deviation. Conclusion: A preliminary clinical workflow for kV-based whole breast radiation setup was established and tested. We observed setup deviation of the magnitude below than 5mm. With the benefit of providing higher contrast and MLC block overlaid on the images for treatment field verification, it is feasible to use kV imaging for breast patient setup.« less
Mate selection in cyberspace: The intersection of race, gender, and education

In this article, the authors examine how race, gender, and education jointly shape interaction among heterosexual Internet daters. They find that racial homophily dominates mate-searching behavior for both men and women. A racial hierarchy emerges in the reciprocating process. Women respond only to men of similar or more dominant racial status, while nonblack men respond to all but black women. Significantly, the authors find that education does not mediate the observed racial preferences among white men and white women. White men and white women with a college degree are more likely to contact and to respond to white daters without a college degree than they are to black daters with a college degree.
Static Properties of Magnetic Bubbles

In this chapter we consider the properties of magnetic bubbles which are not in motion, but rather in a state of static equilibrium. In the next chapter we shall consider the properties of moving bubbles. The state of motion will require the introduction of a few new “dynamic” parameters and will also induce some variations in the “static” parameters that we will use to describe the bubble at rest.
Plasma carotenoid levels in human subjects fed a low carotenoid diet

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a low carotenoid diet on plasma carotenoid levels in humans. Twelve healthy male subjects were fed a low carotenoid diet under controlled conditions for 13 wk in a live-in metabolic unit, as part of a study of vitamin C requirement. Plasma carotenoids (zeaxanthin/lutein, cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene) were measured with HPLC on study days 2-3, 14-15, 35-36 and 63-64. The rate of decline was rapid between d 2-3 and d 14-15, when the concentration of each carotenoid decreased significantly (P less than 0.05). Although accurate figures for half-life are not possible without more frequent sampling points, mean plasma depletion half-life seemed to be less than 12 d for beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and cryptoxanthin, between 12 and 33 d for lycopene and between 33 and 61 d for zeaxanthin/lutein. Because the decline was not linear over the study period, these data suggest the possibility of at least two body pools of these compounds, with one pool having a more rapid turnover rate. Because there is a significant decline in plasma carotenoid levels within the first 2 wk of a low carotenoid diet, determination of levels of these compounds may be useful only in the assessment of short-term intake.
Circulations between Mesoscale Convective Systems along a Cold Front

Abstract A frontal squall line that passed over the central United States on 14–15 June 1985 consisted of several primary mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) with a prominent gap (several hundred kilometers wide) between two of them over central Kansas and Oklahoma. An upper-level jet streak crossed the front at right angles, with the jet exit region centered in the gap. Surface, upper-air, radar, and satellite data are used to examine conditions contributing to this squall-line gap. All surface indicators (e.g., a sharp wind shift line and strong low-level moisture convergence) pointed toward the development of new deep convection in the gap. Computations of vertical velocity using sounding data showed that the low-level vertical motion was indeed upward there; however, strong subsidence existed aloft. The demarcation between subsidence aloft and ascent at low levels was near the 0°C level, where there was a concurrent inflow into the MCSs. A strong inversion existed near this level, which effectively ca...
Maintaining exercise and healthful eating in older adults: The SENIOR project II: Study design and methodology

The Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders (SENIOR) Project II is an intervention study to promote the maintenance of both exercise and healthful eating in older adults. It is the second phase of an earlier study, SENIOR Project I, that originally recruited 1277 community-dwelling older adults to participate in behavior-specific interventions designed to increase exercise and/or fruit and vegetable consumption. The general theoretical framework for this research is the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Health Behavior Change. The current intervention occurs over a 48-month period, using a manual, newsletters, and phone coaching calls. Annual assessments collect standardized data on behavioral outcomes (exercise and diet), TTM variables (stage of change and self-efficacy), psychosocial variables (social support, depression, resilience, and life satisfaction), physical activity and functioning (SF-36, Up and Go, Senior Fitness Test, and disability assessment), cognitive functioning (Trail Making Test and Forward and Backward Digit Span), physical measures (height, weight, and waist circumference), and demographics. The SENIOR Project II is designed to answer the following question as its primary objective: (1) Does an individualized active-maintenance intervention with older adults maintain greater levels of healthful exercise and dietary behaviors for 4years, compared to a control condition? In addition, there are two secondary objectives: (2) What are the psychosocial factors associated with the maintenance of health-promoting behaviors in the very old? (3) What are the effects of the maintenance of health-promoting behaviors on reported health outcomes, psychosocial measures, anthropometrics, and cognitive status?
The formation of faulted dipoles in plastically deformed GaAs

The structure and relative abundance of faulted dipoles in plastically deformed GaAs are studied in the transmission electron microscope by means of diffraction contrast analysis and high-resolution microscopy. All the observed faulted dipoles are vacancy in nature. In crystals deformed under a high stress, faulted dipoles are only observed in p-type material. This observation is a result of the dependence of the velocity of screw dislocations on the nature of the doping. It is the motion of the screw dislocations which leads to the generation of the faulted dipoles. Die Struktur and relative Hafigkeit von Stapelfehlerdipolen in plastisch deformierten GaAs werden mittels Beugungskontrastanalyse und hochauflosender Mikroskopie im Transmissions-elektronenmikroskop untersucht. Alle beobachteten Fehlerdipole sind vom Leerstellentyp. In den unter hohen Spannungen deformierten Kristallen werden Fehlerdipole nur in p-leitendem Material beobachtet. Diese Beobachtung ist ein Ergebnis der Abhangigkeit der Geschwindigkeit der Schraubenversetzungen von der Art der Dotierung. Es ist die Bewegung von Schraubenversetzungen, die zur Generation der Stapelfehlerdipole fuhrt.
The Politics of the Spirit: The Political Implications of Pentecostalized Religion in Costa Rica and Guatemala. By Timothy J. Steigenga. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2001. 220p. $70.00 cloth, $24.95 paper.

The Politics of the Spirit is Timothy Steigenga's long-awaited quantitative study of religious affiliation and political behavior in Central America. What he has done in this spare and conscientious study is to take to task the “conventional wisdom” about Protestantism in Central America. This is a formidable endeavor, given the flood of scholarly literature that has been produced by anthropologists, historians, and sociologists about Protestantism, and especially Pentecostalism, in Latin America over the past two decades. Because Pentecostalism seemed to emerge in Central America during the region's political crisis of the late twentieth century, much of this literature carried with it a highly deterministic subtext, defined by Max Weber and by models of political behavior borrowed from the United States and European experiences.
High Efficiency Waveguide-Integrated 1.3 micrometers InGaAs/GaAs MSM Detector as an Optical Delay Line Switch for Microwave Phased Arrays,

In recent years, there has been much interest in the development of waveguide-integrated detectors for applications in wavelength division multiplexing and balanced heterodyne receivers in coherent systems(l)-(3). In this paper, we report the first integration of a strained layer (In0.35Ga0.65AS on GaAs) metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) detector with a GaA1As/GaAs rib-waveguide. By optimizing the thicknesses of the epitaxial layers, we achieved an estimated coupling efficiency of 99% from the incident mode in the rib waveguide to the guided modes in the integrated-detector section. We measured a DC responsivity (λ = 1.3 μm) as high as 0.6 mA/mW for 100- μm long detectors at a voltage bias of 6 V. In addition, we will present the advantages offered by this device for bias-switching waveguide delay lines designed for the optical control of microwave phased array radar.
Deposition in a Turbine Cascade With Combusting Flow

This report presents the design and operation of an accelerated testing facility for the study of deposition in turbine nozzle guide vanes (NGV). The facility was designed to produce turbine deposits in a 1–2 hour test that simulates thousands of hours of turbine operation. This is accomplished by matching the net foreign particulate throughput of an actual gas turbine. The facility seeds a combusting (natural gas) flow with 10–20 micron diameter coal ash particulate. The particulate-laden combustor exhaust is accelerated through a rectangular-to-annular transition duct and expands to ambient pressure through an NGV annular sector. The cascade contains two NGV doublets (donated from industry) comprising three full passages and two half passages of flow. The inlet Mach number (0.1) and gas temperature (1000 °C) are representative of operating power turbines. The vanes are film cooled from an auxiliary air supply at nominal design operating conditions. Investigations over a range of inlet gas temperatures showed that deposition increased substantially with temperature, with a threshold for deposition occurring between 900 °C and 1000 °C. Qualitative test validation was achieved using direct comparison with deposits from service hardware. Surface topography analysis indicated that the surface structure of the generated deposits were similar to those found on actual turbine blades. Regions of heightened deposition were noted; the leading edge and pressure surface being particularly implicated. Film cooling is shown to provide substantial protection from deposition.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Utility of Atypical Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Resistant Unipolar Depression

Many patients fail to achieve an adequate response to antidepressant medication. Growing evidence suggests that atypical antipsychotics may augment antidepressant effects, resulting in a greater potential for response. Atypical antipsychotics possess pharmacological actions that are associated with antidepressant properties, including serotonin 5-HT2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A and dopamine receptor partial agonist activity. In fact, the term ‘atypical antipsychotic’ is an unfortunate remnant of the early indication of these drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia. Soon after their introduction, the usefulness of atypical antipsychotics in bipolar disorder was firmly established and their use in the treatment of mood disorders has far outpaced their use in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Aripiprazole has become the first agent to receive US FDA approval for the adjunctive treatment of unipolar depression. Most recently, Symbyax, a fluoxetine/olanzapine combination, received FDA approval for the acute treatment of treatment-resistant depression. This is the first medication to be FDA approved for this indication. In the present article, the usefulness of antipsychotics in the treatment of resistant unipolar depression is reviewed.
Systemic Hyperkalemia for Cardiac Arrest on CPB with or without Cross-Clamping

Myocardial protection may be compromised in situations with a patent left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft or an unclamped aorta. Because of collateral coronary blood flow, electrical arrest may not be achieved. Currently, hypothermia is often used to augment myocardial protection and provide cardiac arrest in these situations. We report a simple, novel technique of systemic hyperkalemia during cardiopulmonary bypass to achieve rapid and complete electromechanical arrest. By providing complete diastolic arrest, uniform myocardial protection is ensured.