cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characteristics of measles in non-target population before and after measles vaccine Supplementary Immunization Activities in Fujian Province,China

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of non-target population before and after measles vaccine Supplementory Immunization Activities(SIAs)from 2006 to 2011 in Fujian Province,China,and provide a basis for measles elimination strategy. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of patients with measles in non-target population in Fujian Province collected from national information system for disease surveillance 3 years before(2006 ~ 2008)and after(2009 ~ 2011)SIAs were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results After the SIAs,the annually mean incidence rate of measles in the whole population in Fujian Province decreased by 95. 65%,while that in nontarget population by 92. 97%. The cases of measles in non-target population were in scatter,of which 53. 75% appeared in spring. The reported incidence rates in non-target population in prefecture-level cities decreased by 84. 61% ~ 98. 59%.The cases were mainly distributed in developed Fuzhou City before SIAs,while in underdeveloped Ningde and Nanping Cities after SIAs. A portion of 66. 87% of cases after SIAs appeared in floating population,which showed significant difference with that before SIAs(P 0. 05). However,no significant differences were observed in the sex,age and occupational compositions of cases before and after SIAs(P 0. 05). Conclusion SIAs showed extension positive effect,which deceased the incidence in non-target population remarkably. To achieve the goal of measles elimination,routine immunization,surveillance and emergency measures should be strengthened to maintain a high immunity in population and,especially,more attention should be paid to the areas with a large floating population as well as remote and poor areas.
Analysis of clinical distribution and drug-resistance of Acinetobacter Baumannii

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in local hospitals.Methods 385 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii according to conventional Methods were isolated.The identification and susceptibility test of strains can be obtained in VITEK-32 with Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC27853) and Escherichia coli(ATCC25922) strains for susceptibility of strains' quality control.Results 385 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were detected to be found in 11 sections,185 cases in intensive care unit(ICU),65 cases in mentally medicine,42 cases in respiratory infections Division,15 cases in Department of Hematology,30 cases in renal medicine,19 cases in general surgery,12 cases in thoracic surgery,8 cases in Endocrinology and 9 cases in other departments.Among the 8 antimicrobial agents tests to 385 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii,resistance rates of the cefoperazone / sulbactam,meropenem,imipenem were 9.2%,16.5%,21.8%.Conclusion Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii is wide distribution and the infection rates rise.The resistance rates of the cefoperazone / sulbactam,meropenem,imipenem were low.
Conduction currents in liquid hexane under DC and pulse conditions

The accurate measurement of electric breakdown strength in the liquid phase has become possible through the use of short pulse techniques, (1,2,3) and such methods of measurement are by now widely used. On the other hand, the measurements of conduction currents in insulating liquids have continued to rely upon d.c.,(2,4) presumably because of the experimental difficulties inherent in making accurate measurements of small currents under short pulse conditions.
Sequence biases in CLIP experimental data are incorporated in protein RNA-binding models

We report a newly-identified bias in CLIP data that results from cleaving enzyme specificity. This bias is inadvertently incorporated into standard peak calling methods, which identify the most likely locations where proteins bind RNA. We further show how, in downstream analysis, this bias is incorporated into models inferred by the state-of-the-art GraphProt method to predict protein RNA-binding. We call for both experimental controls to measure enzyme specificities and algorithms to identify unbiased CLIP binding sites.
Nutrient Pollution: A Wicked Challenge for Economic Instruments

Nutrient pollution is one of the most important problems facing aquatic systems globally. The problem qualifies as a wicked one, involving multiple pollutants from multiple sources interacting in complex ways over space and time along multiple pathways, with uncertainty present at each stage of the process—from pollutant generation to the final ecological and economic impacts. We draw on a diverse interdisciplinary literature to identify challenges for implementing efficient solutions using economic instruments, but also describe why economic research and concern for economic efficiency are of crucial importance to the selection of instruments to address the problem, and propose a general equilibrium economic geography paradigm for research on instrument design and choice.
Pathways to child work in Tajikistan: narratives of child workers and their parents

ABSTRACTA recent child-work study by the International Labour Organization reports that 27% of children in Tajikistan ages 5–17 worked in 2013. Although children worked in agriculture or performed household chores in Soviet Tajikistan, child work for pay is a relatively new phenomenon in modern Tajikistan. This study examines the pathways to child work and the families’ perceptions of child work experiences. Some of the main findings of this study are the themes connected to normalization and acceptance of child work in Tajikistan. These are explained by expectations placed on children at the social, family and personal levels that are in turn affected by macroeconomic forces that are by-products of the transitional economy. The study also explores differences in expectations by gender, age and area of residence.
Relationship between Consumer Behavior and Success of Urban Agriculture

Abstract Consumers prefer locally grown food products. One source that provides local food is urban agriculture, the farming in and around cities. A number of urban farmers are selling their products directly to consumers. In addition, consumers have the option to grow their own food on certain urban farms. Given this, we investigate how likely consumers are to purchase or grow their own food at urban farms and what determines this likelihood. Given that millennials are a key stakeholder of sustainable consumption and those with the greatest increase in numbers of food gardeners, we conducted an online survey with over 300 Generation Y respondents. We investigate whether young consumers perceive the health impacts and environmental benefits provided by urban agriculture, and what attitudes they hold towards this source of produce. Empirical results show that both psychological and personal factors affect consumer intentions to participate in urban agriculture. Among others, subjective knowledge regarding urban agriculture and a generally favorable attitude towards urban farms increases the likelihood to buy and grow produce at urban farms. Female and older consumers are more likely to grow their own produce. These findings can be used by stakeholders in urban agriculture to design target-oriented marketing activities.
Abstract #5521: Induction of p53 dependent and independent death pathways by targeting cell specific redox systems

Background: Glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) play a major role in cellular redox balance and prevent oxidative damage in cells and tissues. In tumors the level of GSH and Trx can be elevated and prevent cell death or apoptosis following chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Hydroxyethyl-disulfide (HEDS) and lipoate (LA) are disulfides that are primarily bioreduced by the GSH and Trx pathways respectively, and can be used to selectively downregulate these redox systems. Quercetin (Qct), an abundant bioflavonoid has been extensively studied because of its redox modulating activity, as well as its ability to inhibit the activity of enzymes involved in signal transduction. Although known as an antioxidant, we have recently shown that high concentrations of quercetin can interfere with disulfide metabolism and can generate ROS. Here we specifically deplete the major bioreduction pathways of different cancer cell lines and demonstrate that intracellular signaling mechanisms can be manipulated to induce cell death via p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Methods: A549 lung cancer and U87 glioma cells were treated with HEDS and/or LA in the presence or absence Quercetin (75 µM). Protein phosphorylation was determined by Western blot analysis and densitometry. Cell death and ROS was determined by Annexin V-FITC and DCFH-DA staining, respectively. Results: A549 cells demonstrated a greater capacity to bioreduce LA, whereas U87 cells showed a greater capacity to bioreduce HEDS. Correspondingly, increased levels of ROS, cell detachment and apoptosis were observed by the combination of Qct plus LA in A549 cells and by Qct plus HEDS in U87 cells. Cell death in both cells lines was associated with reduced levels of phospho-Src and phospho-FAK and inhibition of phosphorylation was greater in the presence of Qct, which has been shown to inhibit protein kinase activities. In U87 cells, phospho-FAK suppressed p53 phosphorylation but depletion of GSH by treatment with HEDS inhibited FAK and induced phosphorylation of p53. Apoptosis was induced in both cell lines and was mediated by p53-dependent (caspase-9) and p53-independent (caspase-8) pathways in the U87 and A549 cells, respectively. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that redox levels can be specifically manipulated in the presence of kinase inhibitors to affect the phosphorylation or activation of proteins and enhance cell death. Additionally, knowledge of the cross-talk between cell redox systems and cell signaling or survival pathways will aid in the rational design of small molecule inhibitors. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5521.
Relay Selection and Scheduling for Millimeter Wave Backhaul in Urban Environments

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is a key enabling technology for 5G cellular systems. However, due to mmWave propagation characteristics, link length for very high rates is limited and will likely necessitate the use of relay nodes for longer-range ultra-high-speed backhaul communications. This paper investigates relay selection and scheduling to support high end-to-end throughput in mmWave relay-assisted backhaul networks in urban environments. A major challenge in urban environments is the presence of large obstacles (buildings) that block long line-of-sight paths, which arenecessary for very high capacity mmWave links. Using a 3D model for buildings targeted at urban environments, we provide optimal and efficient algorithms both for scheduling communications along a single mmWave relay-assisted path and for choosing the relay-assisted path with maximum throughput among all candidate paths connecting a given base station pair. In addition to proving optimality of these algorithms, we evaluate their performance through simulations based on a real urban topology. Simulation results show that our algorithms can produce short relay paths with end-to-end throughputs of around 10 Gbps and higher that are capable of providing virtual mmWave links for a wireless backhaul use case. Our algorithms improve throughput from 23% to 49% over a range of settings, as compared to average relay paths, and throughput can be more than doubled compared to some relay path choices with similar numbers of relays.
Discovering the real world hands-on in the classroom

Charles Darwin said, "I was born a naturalist," expressing his extreme fascination with nature and with the world surrounding him from his early childhood onwards. This continued fascination and excitement was an important success factor for him becoming one of the greatest scientists and discoverers of all time. Many people would agree that most-if not all-young children as well are fascinated by the world that surrounds them. Yet, when they grow up, during their teenage years other interests might replace this excitement quite rapidly. So, how could we make sure that they do not lose this precious fascination? And, at which age should we focus our efforts in order to keep the sparks of wondering burning? And, how can we give them a more or less realistic idea about what it means to be a scientist, a programmer, or an engineer working on solutions for the challenges in our society? In this article, I provide a summary of a particular Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) approach we have developed that has been rolling out in schools in Belgium.
Accelerated Architectures Create Programming Opportunities

In the early 2000s, industry switched to multicore microprocessors to address semiconductors’ speed and power limits. However, the change was unsuccessful, leading to dire claims that “Moore’s law is ending.” This column suggests that while the approach was sound, it needed a deeper architectural transformation. Industry has since discovered a suitable architecture, but work remains on software to support it.
LEADING EDGE FILM COOLING HEAT TRANSFER INCLUDING THE EFFECT OF MAINSTREAM TURBULENCE

1. ABSTRACT The effect of injection hole geometry on leading edge heat transfer coefficient and film cooling effectiveness under high mainstream turbulence condition was experimentally studied for flow across a blunt body with a semi-cylinder leading edge and a flat afterbody. The incident mainstream Reynolds number based on the leading edge diameter was 100 000. Tests were conducted for Tu = 0.75% and Tu = 9.67%. Both the spanwise and streamwise distributions of heat transfer coefficient and film effectiveness in the leading edge and flat sidewall regions were obtained for blowing ratios of B = 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 through injection rows located at ±15° and ±40° for two injection geometries: (a) circular film holes spaced four hole diameters (4-d) apart (4.3 cm), and (b) spanwise film slots spaced three slot lengths (3-l) apart (4.2 cm). Both holes and slots were inclined at 30° and 90° to the surface in the spanwise and streamwise directions, respectively. The results show that the leading edge heat transfer coefficient increases and the film effectiveness decreases at the high mainstream turbulence level for both injection geometries studied, but this high mainstream turbulence effect is reduced at higher blowing ratios. The leading edge heat transfer with film cooling for the two rows of film slots is comparable with the two rows of film holes. The lowest leading edge heat transfer with film cooling occurs at an intermediate blowing ratio of B = 0.8.
Communication Norms and the Collective Cognitive Performance of "Invisible Colleges".

Scientific research communities may be studied as social networks within which ideas or statements circulate, acquire validity as reliable knowledge, and are recombined to generate further new ideas. Social networks also form the locus for the transmission of tacit knowledge and skills requisite to the interpretation and operationalization of scientific statements. These extensive, yet informal structures of inter-personal knowledge-transactions have been referred to as constituting “invisible colleges”. This paper develops an abstract and highly stylized account of the communications structure of an invisible college, and examines its collective epistemological performance by employing concepts and results from Markov random field theory.
Effect of bio-inspired sinusoidal leading-edges on wings

Abstract Observations of maneuvering humpback whales have revealed unique hydrodynamic performance hypothesized to be a result of tubercles on the leading-edge of the whales' pectoral flippers. Inspired by this biological observation, it is shown sinusoidal leading-edge wings prevent the dramatic loss of lift caused by stall and instead generate a gradual decrease in lift with as much as 25% higher lift in the poststall regime. Six different wing geometries, smooth and sinusoidal leading-edge models, swept and unswept configurations, were tested at angles of attack of −2 to 24 degrees at Reynolds numbers between 100,000 and 500,000. Oil surface flow visualization and CFD results reveal variations in flow phenomena between the smooth and sinusoidal leading-edge configurations.
Introduction to Special Topic Forum: Advancing and Expanding Work-Life Theory from Multiple Perspectives

Research on the work-life interface has exploded over the past five decades because of trends in the nature of gender roles, families, work, and careers. However, work-life theory has not kept up w...
A novel system for ammonia-based sustainable energy and agriculture: Concept and design optimization

Abstract This work presents a new vision for sustainable energy supply and agriculture: an ammonia-based sustainable energy agriculture (ABSEA) system. This intensified system uses renewables to produce ammonia both as fertilizer and as fuel for tractors and grain drying, to meet local electrical power demand and to provide predictable, consistent power export to the grid. The conceptual design of this system exploits synergies between ammonia production and energy supply to allow for economic viability, specifically time-varying chemical production as well as the potential of ammonia and hydrogen as energy storage media. A framework for combined optimization of the ABSEA design and its inherently time-varying operating schedule is proposed with a view on further improving economic competitiveness. A case study which considers the use of wind turbines to meet ammonia fertilizer and fuel demands of 40,300 kg/year and an annual hourly average power demand of 985 kW demonstrates the promise of the ABSEA system and the associated design-scheduling optimization framework. The annual net present cost is approximately $75,000, which corresponds to an emissions reduction cost of $17.60/tonCO2. The ABSEA optimal design uses both hydrogen and ammonia, but not a battery, for energy storage, illustrating their efficacy in this synergistic application.
Synthesis of kukulkanins A and B - methoxy chalcones from Mimosa tenufolia L.

Abstract Synthesis of kukulkanins A (1) and B (2) has been achieved starting from pyrogallol.
A flow-through microfluidic system for the detection of circulating melanoma cells.

Abstract We report the fabrication of polyaniline nanofiber (PANI)-modified screen-printed electrode (PANI/SPE) incorporated in a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel for the detection of circulating tumor cells. We employed this device to detect melanoma skin cancer cells through specific immunogenic binding of cell surface biomarker melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) to anti-MC1R antibody. The antibody-functionalized PANI/SPE was used in batch-continuous flow-through fashion. An aqueous cell suspension of ferri/ferrocyanide at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min was passed over the immunosensor, which allowed for continuous electrochemical measurements. The sensor performed exceptionally well affording an ultralow limit of quantification of 1 melanoma cell/mL, both in buffer and when mixed with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the response was log-linear over the range of 10–9000 melanoma cells/10 mL.
Morning report decreases length of stay in emergency general surgery patients

Objective: Communication in the hospital setting is an easy target for quality improvement. Capturing this change via communication between providers during hand-offs is necessary to reduce delays and errors. While this process has been more widely characterized in medical specialties, we designed this study to address the knowledge gap in surgical specialties. Methods: Our institution’s division of Acute Care Surgery (ACS) implemented Morning Report (MR) in October of 2015. At MR, all admissions and service transfers were discussed from Trauma, Emergency General Surgery (EGS), and Surgical Critical Care services from the previous 24 hours. This study compared patients who underwent a surgical procedure during their hospital stay before and after protocol implementation. Results: 974 patients were included in this study. The average patient was 50.3 years of age, 65.4% were white, and 51.7% were male. The average length of stay (LOS) was 8.3 days with 1.75 days to procedure. The post-MR cohort LOS was 2.7 shorter and had 0.85 fewer days to procedure. In an adjusted regression analysis, days to procedure and LOS decreased by 33% ( p < .01) and 17% ( p < .01) respectively. Conclusions: Implementation of MR led to a decrease in the overall LOS and days to procedure for operative patients. Our results advocate for the standard use of structured hand-offs in surgical units.
Study on Antioxidant Activity of Amino Acids at Frying Temperatures and Their Interaction with Rosemary Extract, Green Tea Extract, and Ascorbic Acid

Some amino acids have strong antioxidant activity in frying oil. This study aimed to obtain further information including antioxidant activity at different concentrations and interactions with rosemary extract, green tea extract, and ascorbic acid. Antioxidant activity of arginine, cysteine, lysine, methionine, and tryptophan was examined by increasing the concentration in soybean oil (SBO) at 180 °C within the concentration range of 0 to 15 mM. These amino acids showed increased activity with increasing concentration without showing prooxidant activity at the given concentration range. Addition of 15 mM methionine did not inhibit the prooxidant activity of α-tocopherol at high concentrations in SBO while it significantly increased the activity at each concentration of α-tocopherol. Methionine showed an additive effect with a commercial rosemary extract while lysine had an antagonistic interaction in SBO at the total concentration of 5.5 mM. Mixtures of green tea extract and methionine did not show better activity than methionine alone in SBO and stripped SBO. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate, the major active component in green tea, showed a synergistic effect with methionine in stripped SBO but there was no significant interaction effect in SBO. Although ascorbic acid had a synergistic effect with methionine in stripped SBO, it showed a significant antagonistic effect in SBO. Methionine had strong antioxidant activity in six other vegetable oils showing a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.45 to 0.52) with the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids indicating the effectiveness may be related to the fatty acid composition of oil. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Some amino acid such as methionine and lysine showed stronger antioxidant activity than the leading commercial natural antioxidant, rosemary extract. These amino acids showed great potential as a natural antioxidant in frying. The price of food-grade L-methionine is generally lower than rosemary extract and green tea extract. This paper provides information on the concentration effect and interactions with currently used antioxidants such as tocopherols, rosemary extract, green tea extract, and ascorbic acid.
Addressing Missing Data in Quantitative Counseling Research

AbstractAlthough many statistical procedures that are utilized by counseling researchers require complete datasets, the problem of missing data represents a common analysis hurdle that must be over...
Chief Financial Officer Co-option and Chief Executive Officer Compensation

We study whether relative power in the chief executive officer (CEO)–chief financial officer (CFO) relationship influences CEO compensation. To operationalize relative power of a CEO over a CFO, we...
Lens aquaporins function as peroxiporins to facilitate membrane transport of hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract High levels of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause oxidative stress in the lens and lead to cataractogenesis. The present investigation was undertaken to find out whether the mammalian lens aquaporins (AQPs) 0, 1, and 5 perform H2O2 transport across the plasma membrane to reduce oxidative stress. Our in vitro cell culture and ex vivo lens experiments demonstrated that in addition to the established water transport role, mouse AQP0, AQP1 and AQP5 facilitate transmembrane H2O2 transport and function as peroxiporins. Human lens epithelial cells expressing AQP1, AQP5 and AQP8, when treated with 50 μM HgCl2 water channel inhibitor showed a significant reduction in H2O2 transport. Data obtained from the experiments involving H2O2-degrading enzyme glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) knockout lenses showed H2O2 accumulation, suggesting H2O2 transport level by AQPs in the lens is regulated by GPX1. Under hyperglycemic conditions, there was an increased loss of transparency, and enhanced production and retention of H2O2 in AQP5−/− lenses compared to similarly-treated WT lenses. Overall, the results show that lens AQPs function as peroxiporins and cooperate with GPX1 to maintain lens H2O2 homeostasis to prevent oxidative stress, highlighting AQPs and GPX1 as promising therapeutic drug targets to delay/treat/prevent age-related lens cataracts.
Assessment of HEADS UP online training as an educational intervention for sports officials/athletic trainers.

Abstract Background: Sports- and recreation-related concussions are a common injury among children. Sports officials (SOs) and athletic trainers (ATs) are integral to setting the stage for safe play and managing concussions when they occur, and significant numbers of both groups have completed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s HEADS UP online concussion training course. However, the utility of the course for these audiences has not been assessed. We hypothesized that sports officials’ and athletic trainers’ concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions will improve from pre- and post-test after completing CDC’s HEADS UP online concussion training course. Method: Respondents’ concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions were assessed both before and after taking the training course. Differences between pre- and post-test scores were calculated based on the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test Z-score or McNemar’s test. Effect sizes were interpreted. Results: The SOs and ATs who participated in the HEADS UP online training had a high level of concussion knowledge before taking the course: 90% or more of respondents could identify the correct response for at least seven of the 13 knowledge questions in the pre-test. Still, the course was effective at improving the respondents’ knowledge about return-to-play protocols and concussion reporting. Further, SOs and ATs demonstrated improvement in their concussion-related attitudes and behavioral intentions between the pre- and post-test. Conclusion: SOs’ and ATs’ concussion knowledge, attitudes, and behavioral intentions improved immediately following completion of the CDC HEADS UP online training. Future research could also focus on the long-term retention of this type of training. Practical Applications: This study provides insight into how to better focus concussion-related educational programs to fit SOs’ and ATs’ needs.
Advanced Oxidation Process as a Postharvest Decontamination Technology To Improve Microbial Safety of Fresh Produce

Fresh produce is frequently associated with outbreaks of foodborne diseases; thus, there is a need to develop effective intervention technologies and antimicrobial treatments to improve the microbial safety of fresh produce. Washing with chemical sanitizers, commonly used by the industry, is limited in its effectiveness and is viewed as a possible cross-contamination opportunity. This review discuses the advanced oxidation process (AOP), which involves generating highly reactive hydroxyl radicals to inactivate human pathogens. Ionizing irradiation, ultraviolet (UV) light, and cold plasma can be regarded as AOP; however, AOPs employing combinations of UV, H2O2, cold plasma, and ozone may be more promising because higher amounts of hydroxyl radicals are produced in comparison to the individual treatments and the combinative AOPs may be more consumer friendly than ionizing irradiation. When applied as a gaseous/aerosolized treatment, AOPs may have advantages over immersion treatments, considering the reactivity of hydroxyl radicals and presence of organic materials in wash water. Gaseous/aerosolized AOPs achieve up to 5 log reductions of pathogenic bacteria on fresh produce compared to reductions of 1-2 logs with aqueous sanitizers. Further research needs to be conducted on specific AOPs before being considered for commercialization, such as reduced formation of undesirable chemical byproducts, impact on quality, and scaled up studies.
Chapter 14 – Conclusions: Shifting Directions in Civil Litigation

Publisher Summary This chapter addresses several apparent shifts in civil litigation in criminal justice agencies in order for practitioners to consider the best possible ways to avert future legal claims. Shifts in civil litigation require all employees in criminal justice agencies to continually seek methods for complying with court mandates and strategies for reducing the risk of lawsuits. Innovations in management philosophies, technology, risk management approaches, and decision-making are all necessary to ensure that civil liability issues are addressed within each agency. The days of adopting a “head in the sand” approach toward civil litigation are outdated, lead to stagnant organizations, and heighten the risk of civil litigation. Administrators and officers must work together to accomplish the mission of the organization while remaining cognizant of legal changes that affect agency operations. In this way criminal justice executives and officers must begin to monitor shifting judicial philosophies of law enforcement and the responsibility to the society while being mindful that today's actions directly affect the future of liability law and their colleagues within the system.
On Flanigan's Pharmaceutical Freedom.

This paper discusses Jessica Flanigan’s book, Pharmaceutical Freedom. The paper advances two main claims. First, the paper argues that, despite what Flanigan claims, there is a coherent way to endorse the Doctrine of Informed Consent while resisting the view that there is a right to self-medicate. Second, the paper argues that Flanigan is committed to a more radical conclusion than she acknowledges in the book; namely, that under some conditions it is morally permissible for people to take medications from drug manufacturers or pharmacies without paying the full price for those medications. The paper concludes by suggesting that this thesis about permissible theft, when combined with some further premises regarding the morality of defensive force, implies some even more radical conclusions regarding the use of force to obtain these medications.
A scoping review of clinical decision support tools that generate new knowledge to support decision making in real time

Objective A growing body of observational data enabled its secondary use to facilitate clinical care for complex cases not covered by the existing evidence. We conducted a scoping review to characterize clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) that generate new knowledge to provide guidance for such cases in real time. Materials and methods PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, and IEEE Xplore were searched up to May 2020. The abstracts were screened by 2 reviewers. Full texts of the relevant articles were reviewed by the first author and approved by the second reviewer, accompanied by the screening of articles' references. The details of design, implementation and evaluation of included CDSSs were extracted. Results Our search returned 3427 articles, 53 of which describing 25 CDSSs were selected. We identified 8 expert-based and 17 data-driven tools. Sixteen (64%) tools were developed in the United States, with the others mostly in Europe. Most of the tools (n = 16, 64%) were implemented in 1 site, with only 5 being actively used in clinical practice. Patient or quality outcomes were assessed for 3 (18%) CDSSs, 4 (16%) underwent user acceptance or usage testing and 7 (28%) functional testing. Conclusions We found a number of CDSSs that generate new knowledge, although only 1 addressed confounding and bias. Overall, the tools lacked demonstration of their utility. Improvement in clinical and quality outcomes were shown only for a few CDSSs, while the benefits of the others remain unclear. This review suggests a need for a further testing of such CDSSs and, if appropriate, their dissemination.
Optimization of Switching Metrics for CMOS Integrated HfO2 based RRAM Devices on 300 mm Wafer Platform

In this work, we improved switching reliability with respect to memory window, switching variability and switching yield of 65nm CMOS integrated hafnium oxide (HfO2) based RRAM devices by SET/RESET process optimization. Switching performance of 1 transistor 1 RRAM (1T1R) cells as a function of operating current, SET/RESET pulse width and amplitude were investigated in depth, and full 300mm wafer scale switching optimization for the devices was demonstrated. The devices were also optimized for long cycling endurance (up to 109 cycles) and retention behavior at 373 K.
Modeling the effect of stress on vaping behavior among young adults: A randomized cross-over pilot study.

Abstract Background Laboratory models have been useful in identifying the motivational processes underlying tobacco use. This pilot study aimed at (1)validating a human laboratory model initially developed for smokers to e-cigarette users; (2)applying this model to examine the effects of stress on the reinforcing value of nicotine among young adults. Methods Using a randomized cross-over design, young e-cigarette users (n = 30) who were nicotine deprived were exposed to a stress or a non-stress task, and then engaged in a laboratory task assessing vaping’s reward value on two separate days. During the first part of the task, participants had the option of initiating an e-cigarette self-administration session or delaying initiation for up to 50 min in exchange for money. During the second part of the task, participants chose between vaping or receiving money. The length of the delay and the number of e-cigarette uses consumed were the primary outcomes. Craving and puff topography were secondary outcomes. Results There was no difference in the length of time that participants were able to refrain from vaping in the stress and control task (p = .90). Participants purchased and consumed more puffs after being exposed to the stress task compared to the control task (p Conclusions Exposure to a stressor did not undermine the ability to resist vaping among deprived e-cigarette users (first part), but it influenced the number of uses purchased once users decided to vape (second part). This study evidences that these two parts of the task for assessing reward value are differentially sensitive to the stress manipulation.
A validation of stability metrics

In this paper we examine the entropy-based SDI metric (SDIe) presented by Olague et al. [1] This metric was developed to aid in the analysis of object-oriented software evolution within the environment of highly iterative development such as the agile methodology. It was developed as an entropy revision of the SDI metric presented by Li et al. [2] Because of the dynamic quality of the agile framework, there is a need to reveal stability information for the benefit of management as well as for the development team guidance. Here we validate the SDIe metric over several different packages developed using an agile method
Recurrent carcinoma of the cervix

Abstract This is a study of 193 patients presenting with diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. The site of recurrence and the primary therapy are reviewed as well as the management of the recurrence. The failures are reviewed and reasons proposed for the poor survival rate with recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. Eight of the 193 patients survived 5 years from the diagnosis of recurrence.
Parallelism and performance in communication subsystems

This paper discusses the impact of various design and implementation factors on the performance of a communication subsystem. Measurements obtained from two different software implementations of the same protocol (ISO 8802-2 logical link control protocol type 2) over three different experimental hardware platforms are used as a basis for comparison. The impact of exploiting parallelism is especially emphasized. The effects of software structure and optimized hand coding are also discussed. Although some results pertain to only one specific protocol, similarities with other connection-oriented protocols can be drawn. >
PAC1hop receptor activation facilitates catecholamine secretion selectively through 2-APB-sensitive Ca2+ channels in PC12 cells

Abstract PACAP is a critical regulator of long-term catecholamine secretion from the adrenal medulla in vivo , however the receptor or pathways for Ca 2+ entry triggering acute and sustained secretion have not been adequately characterized. We have previously cloned the bovine adrenal chromaffin cell PAC1 receptor that contains the molecular determinants required for PACAP-induced Ca 2+ elevation and is responsible for imparting extracellular Ca 2+ influx-dependent secretory competence in PC12 cells. Here, we use this cell model to gain mechanistic insights into PAC1hop-dependent Ca 2+ pathways responsible for catecholamine secretion. PACAP-modulated extracellular Ca 2+ entry in PC12 cells could be partially blocked with nimodipine, an inhibitor of L-type VGCCs and partially blocked by 2-APB, an inhibitor and modulator of various transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Despite the co-existence of these two modes of Ca 2+ entry, sustained catecholamine secretion in PC12 cells was exclusively modulated by 2-APB-sensitive Ca 2+ channels. While IP3 generation occurred after PACAP exposure, most PACAP-induced Ca 2+ mobilization involved release from ryanodine-gated cytosolic stores. 2-APB-sensitive Ca 2+ influx, and subsequent catecholamine secretion was however not functionally related to intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization and store depletion. The reconstituted PAC1hop-expessing PC12 cell model therefore recapitulates both PACAP-induced Ca 2+ release from ER stores and extracellular Ca 2+ entry that restores PACAP-induced secretory competence in neuroendocrine cells. We demonstrate here that although bPAC1hop receptor occupancy induces Ca 2+ entry through two independent sources, VGCCs and 2-APB-sensitive channels, only the latter contributes importantly to sustained vesicular catecholamine release that is a fundamental characteristic of this neuropeptide system. These results emphasize the importance of establishing functional linkages between Ca 2+ signaling pathways initiated by pleotrophic signaling molecules such as PACAP, and physiologically important downstream events, such as secretion, triggered by them.
Interpersonal Relations in Peasant Society

In 1926-1927, Redfield studied the small Mexican town of Tepoztlan, about fifty miles south of Mexico City. At that time, he thought of the community as "folk"; today we would use the term "peasant" to characterize it. Redfield (as paraphrased by Lewis) found Tepoztlan to be:... a relatively homogeneous, isolated, smoothly functioning and well-integrated society made up of a contented and well adjusted people.
Psychoeducational Group Work for Low-Income Latina Mothers with HIV Infection

This article describes a short term psychoeducational group for low-income Latina mothers with HIV-infection who were undergoing treatment in an outpatient medical setting. Issues involved in recruitment and planning for the group are discussed as well as the predominant clinical issues raised by the mothers. The need for special attention to women in poverty is addressed and suggestions are offered for further development of this group model.
Quark mass renormalization on the lattice with staggered fermions

The QCD light quark mass renormalized at a 1 GeV scale in the $\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme is obtained from the numerical results of the lattice QCD simulation with staggered fermions. The primary emphasis is given to the connection between the lattice and continuum parameters. The results are compared with those from the QCD sum rule.
Behavior of fibrinogen fragments D and E in gel filtration experiments.

Abstract Fibrinogen digests, at the completion of cleavage into the D and E fragments, were fractionated on a Sephadex G-200 column. Fragments D and E were estimated specifically across the main peak either by selective heat coagulation of fragment D, or by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The resulting elution pattern of fragment E in the presence of fragment D was compared to that of isolated fragment E. With tryptic digests of bovine fibrinogen the patterns were identical, indicating no interaction of the two fragments. With plasmic digests of human fibrinogen, on the contrary, fragment E in the mixture eluted earlier, in an asymmetric boundary, extending across the whole main peak. This finding suggests some interaction between the two fragments. With tryptic digests of bovine fibrinogen fragment D can be obtained in a pure state by pooling the first half of the main peak of the Sephadex G-200 fractionation. The second half of the peak, after heat coagulation of fragment D, yields fragment E in a pure state. This method cannot be applied to plasmic digests of human fibrinogen because of the spreading of fragment E through the entire D peak. However, fragment E can be obtained in a pure state by heat coagulation of this peak.
On the mechanism of catalysis of the Boudouard reaction by alkali-metal compounds

Abstract The mechanism of catalysis of the Boudouard (C-CO 2 ) reaction by the alkali-metal compounds appears to involve gaseous intermediates M( g ), CO( g ) and CO 2 ( g ) where M( g ) may be Li, K, Na, etc. The cyclical mechanism M( g )→ M 2 CO 3 → M( g ) withstood the rigorous thermodynamic analysis presented here and may be regarded as the most likely mechanism. Detailed calculations showed that formation of intercalation compounds of the type C 2 n M is not very likely except at very high temperatures (1400 K and above) and under nearly pure CO environments. Thus the likelihood of intercalation compound mechanism being valid is not substantial except under stringent conditions as noted. The electrochemical mechanism probably operates parallel to the cyclic mechanism; and its relative contribution to the overall reaction is not known at this time.
Characterization of cyclophosphamide-induced suppressor cells.

Abstract Spleen cells from mice injected with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg body weight) suppress the secondary immunoglobulin (IgG antibody response of memory cells to a T-dependent antigen, dinitrophenylated (DNP) human gamma globulin, in Millipore diffusion chambers. Characterization of the suppressor cell revealed that it was nylon wool nonadherent, insensitive to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 or anti-Ig serum plus C, found in spleen but not thymus or lymph nodes, generated in thymectomized mice and nude mice, and heart sensitive. Because of these unique characteristics, it was concluded that the suppressor cell was not a typical B cell, T cell, or macrophage. The suppressor cell was found to be regulated, i.e., inhibited, by a T cell found in the thymus and possibly the lymph nodes of normal mice. The suppressor cells may have biological significance in relation to development of self-tolerance.
Predation on a burrowing shrimp: Distribution and community consequences

Abstract Predation has been shown to be an important factor determining the species composition of certain communities. However, its effect in marine soft-sediment habitats is not well understood. This study examines the role of predation in limiting the intertidal distribution of a burrowing ghost shrimp, Callianassa californiensis Dana, on an Oregon tideflat. The ghost shrimp displays a distinctive zonation pattern in many Pacific northwest embayments, with dense beds of this deep burrower restricted primarily to the midintertidal zone. Direct effects of surface predators in maintaining this zonation were examined by excluding predators immediately seaward of the lower edge of a dense bed and by transplanting ghost shrimp to the low intertidal in cages. Diets and distributions of potential predators were also observed. With the exclusion of surface predators, ghost shrimp migrated downward in the intertidal zone and showed high survival in transplanted areas. Examination of predator diets indicates that at least one common fish, the stagorn sculpin Leptocottus armatus Girard, consumes large numbers of Callianassa californiensis . Because burrowing by the ghost shrimp can affect the numbers of many other tideflat organisms, restriction of this animal to higher tidal zones allows a different assemblage of species to exist in the low intertidal than otherwise would be present. Predation on the ghost shrimp is thus an important factor determining the relative species composition of many tideflats along the Pacific coast of North America.
CO‐OPERATION OF PERIPHERAL AND INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS IN THE LIGHT DEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF ROD GTPase AND PHOSPHODIESTERASE

— During the purification of light activated GTPase, we have observed that the GTPase activity is suddenly lost because of the separation of two components which are both needed for enzymatic activity. The G fraction or protein (apparent mol. wt 55000) can selectively bind GTP and is necessary for PDE activation by illuminated rhodopsin. However, the G fraction shows no GTPase activity unless it is supplemented by illuminated rhodopsin and the H fraction, a heat labile, trypsin resistant macro-molecule with an apparent mol. wt of 53 000. The G and H fractions (and GTPase activity) show a significant increase in binding to bleached as compared with unbleached disc membranes.
University of California research seminar network: A prospectus

The infectious enthusiasm of scholars speaking about their research is often perfectly complemented by the never-ending quest of academic audiences for new knowledge, making seminars one of the most forceful and efficient mechanisms for transmitting scholarly information. Indeed, seminar attendance is an integral part of the experience for University of California (UC) researchers, with an estimated 300 to 500 seminars during a typical week of the academic year across 900 departments or programs in the UC system. This translates to well over 10,000 seminars annually that are presented in diverse formats and various frequencies—weekly department, graduate group and center seminars, monthly or quarterly talks in distinguished scholar lecture series, and annual university lectures by eminent faculty.