cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Analysis of Deep Beam Resting on Linear and Nonlinear Random Soil

The soil–structure interaction has often a significant effect on the nonlinear structures response especially when the soil is modeled as a random medium. In fact, to ensure the design of economical and safe structure and to obtain a more realistic behavior of a beam, deterministic and probabilistic analyses of large displacements of a beam resting on linear and nonlinear soil are investigated. However, finite element models of Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam resting on elastic linear and nonlinear soil (Winkler and Pasternak) have been developed. The geometric nonlinear analysis of the beam is based on the updated Lagrangian Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko Von Karman beam formulations, which are then combined with the random field theory of soil using Monte Calro simulations. A Matlab code has been developed to solve the nonlinear equations by using the Newton–Raphson method. Various coefficients of soils, boundary conditions, beam properties and load types are taken into account to assess their effect on beam response. Moreover, to quantify the shear deformation effects on the nonlinear analysis, a comparison between Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams has been made and the influence of different beam heights has been taken into account to illustrate the divergence and the importance of the geometric nonlinearity. The obtained results indicated that the geometric nonlinearity of beam combined to material nonlinearity and spatial variability of soil and by taking into account the shear deformation effects, allowed us to obtain a more realistic behavior of beam and demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the developed models.
Stigma and stigma by association in perceptions of straight allies

ABSTRACTAs evidence builds for straight allies' contributions to battling sexual prejudice, barriers to assuming this role must be identified and dismantled. This study investigated stigma and stigma by association in perceptions of straight allies in a college population. Adjective rating items were completed by 505 participants who identified as heterosexual and not as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer/questioning. Results indicated stigma by association for the male heterosexual target, who was rated as more feminine in the ally than non-ally condition. Implications for research and ally training are discussed.
The datum particle filter: Localization for objects with coupled geometric datums

In this paper, we propose a touch-based localization approach for a potentially large and complex object with multiple internal degrees of freedom. Should a task only require a partial localization of the object, our method selects the appropriate information gathering actions to register the desired features. We use probabilistic methods to reason over the distribution of the estimated object poses in the 6-DOF configuration space. We introduce the datum-based particle filter to handle intrinsic tolerances between each of the sections of the object. We describe two alternative methods for the particle filter system: one using the full joint belief and the other reasonably simplifying the belief to achieve a better ability to scale. We present simulation results for both proposed methods to show the advantages of our approaches.
Histidine-Lysine Axial Ligand Switching in a Hemoglobin: A Role for Heme Propionates

The hemoglobin of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, GlbN, is a monomeric group I truncated protein (TrHb1) that coordinates the heme iron with two histidine ligands at neutral pH. One of these is the distal histidine (His46), a residue that can be displaced by dioxygen and other small molecules. Here, we show with mutagenesis, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that at high pH and exclusively in the ferrous state, Lys42 competes with His46 for the iron coordination site. When b heme is originally present, the population of the lysine-bound species remains too small for detailed characterization; however, the population can be increased significantly by using dimethyl-esterified heme. Electronic absorption and NMR spectroscopies showed that the reversible ligand switching process occurs with an apparent pKa of 9.3 and a Lys-ligated population of ∼60% at the basic pH limit in the modified holoprotein. The switching rate, which is slow on the chemical shift time s...
Robust Precision Manipulation With Simple Process Models Using Visual Servoing Techniques With Disturbance Rejection

This paper presents a high-performance vision-based precision manipulation technique that does not rely on an object, contact, or gripper model, which are challenging and often times impractical to acquire. Instead, we utilize a simple process model that roughly maps object velocities to actuator velocities, and we maintain system efficiency and robustness via advanced vision-based control techniques with disturbance rejection mechanisms. For obtaining simple models, we derive a set of actuator coordination rules for achieving common task space motions. The performance degradation due to modeling inaccuracies is then minimized via the model predictive control framework and a correction matrix method. Our experimental results show that the proposed strategy results in high-performance precision manipulation with minimal modeling effort. Note to Practitioners —Compliant, soft robotic grippers make it easier to grasp objects with various shapes and sizes; these grippers adapt to the shape of the object, which provides robustness to positioning errors and often removes the necessity to precisely plan the contact locations. These advantages make compliant grippers ideal to use in industrial settings as well as in service robotics, where the variety of object shapes and sizes are immense. On the other hand, for the tasks that require precise object manipulation (e.g., for a peg-in-hole problem), these hands are more challenging to control than their rigid counterparts: it is harder to obtain their precise models, and they often do not have enough proprioceptive sensors to calculate the full pose of the system. In this paper, we propose solutions to utilize vision feedback for positioning an object using compliant hands. These solutions do not rely on precise models of the gripper or the full knowledge of the gripper state. We adopt various control techniques to provide precise positioning in steady state as well as to maintain efficiency in the transient.
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of the Escherichia Coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin (STa)

Rat intestinal cells and brush border membranes have been shown to contain a particulate guanylate cyclase which can be stimulated by E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). The sequence of events prior to activation of guanylate cyclase are unknown, however, anti-inflammatory agents have been able to block secretory activity of ST (Greenberg, et al., Infect. Immun. 29:908–913, 1980) which suggested that activation of guanylate cyclase occurs via metabolism of arachidonic acid with formation of prostaglandins or other oxidized intermediates. Treatment of either intact rat enterocytes or brush border membranes with ST caused a dose dependent accumulation of cGMP. Evidence for the release and conversion of arachidonic acid to an intermediate of prostaglandin synthesis or hydroxy-derivative was not obtained by: 1) following the rate and amounts of [3H]-arachidonate released from prelabeled cells incubated in the presence and absence of ST; 2) use of specific inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase and lipooxygenase pathways and 3) the fact that 02 was not required for activation of guanylate cyclase by ST.
Design of a mechatronic system for accurate measurement of secondary electron emission

Abstract Accurate measurement of Secondary Electron Emission (SEE) in scientific experiments provides better insight and understanding of field emission and multipacting properties in accelerator cavities. SEE properties of Niobium (Nb) are of significant importance to the performance and operation of accelerator cavities. Additionally, accurate Secondary Electron Yield (SEY) measurements from primary electrons generated from samples measured under different incident angles represent a technical challenge. For that purpose, the sample positioning system presented in this article is a design that allows for precise sample orientation and handling during single pump-down of the vacuum system in the experimental setup. Measurement techniques supported by a mechatronic system provide the means for acquisition of large quantities of data and at the same time reduce the experimental errors related to sample positioning. The authors describe a sample manipulation system and method for controlling the position of samples used for the measurement of SEY.
Use of a convolutional neural network for aneurysm identification in digital subtraction angiography

Angiographic Parametric Imaging (API) is a quantitative image analysis method that uses a digital subtraction angiography (DSA) to characterize contrast media dynamics throughout vasculature. The parameters acquired through API may be used to assess the success of a neurovascular intervention such as the stenting or coiling of an aneurysm. This imaging tool requires manual contouring of the aneurysm sac and the surrounding vasculature, which is not realistic in an interventional suite. To address this challenge, we studied whether convolutional neural networks can carry out a three-class segmentation problem differentiating between the background, vasculature, and aneurysm sac in a DSA acquisition. Image data were retrospectively collected from patients being monitored or treated for cerebral aneurysms at Gates Vascular Institute. While VGG-16 and U-NET architecture were both investigated, a modified VGG architecture was developed and used. Network training was carried out over 100 epochs. Our training dataset comprised of 12000 DSA acquisitions. Our validation dataset comprised of 2000 DSA acquisitions. The Jaccard Index was above 0.74 for both classes. The Dice similarity coefficient was above 0.83 for both classes. Area under the ROC curve was above 0.72 for both classes. These results indicate good agreement between the ground-truth labels and the network predicted labels. Our network proved not sensitive to motion artifacts or the presence of skull in the image data. This work indicates the potential clinical utility of a convolutional neural network in the context of aneurysm detection in DSA for feature extraction using parametric imaging to support a clinical decision.
Semantic Processing in Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

Transcortical sensory aphasia (TCSA) has historically been regarded as a disconnection syndrome characterized by impaired access between words and otherwise intact core object knowledge. Yet, an extensive body of research has also demonstrated a range of associated nonverbal semantic deficits in TCSA, suggestive of a multi-modal semantic impairment that transcends representational modality (i.e., language). Here we delineate the semantic impairment incurred in TCSA within a neurologically constrained model of semantic memory premised upon dynamic interactivity between stored knowledge (e.g., semantic features) and integrative processes that serve to bind this knowledge into cohesive object representations. We discuss practical implications for clinical aphasiology and outline considerations for the broader fields of cognitive neuropsychology and neurolinguistics.
Variation in Physicians' Electronic Health Record Documentation and Potential Patient Harm from That Variation.

Physician-to-physician variation in electronic health record (EHR) documentation not driven by patients’ clinical status could be harmful. Measure variation in completion of common clinical documentation domains. Identify perceived causes and effects of variation and strategies to mitigate negative effects. Sequential, explanatory, mixed methods using log data from a commercial EHR vendor and semi-structured interviews with outpatient primary care practices. Quantitative: 170,332 encounters led by 809 physicians in 237 practices. Qualitative: 40 interviewees in 10 practices. Interquartile range (IQR) of the proportion of encounters in which a physician completed documentation, for each documentation category. Multilevel linear regression measured the proportion of variation at the physician level. Five clinical documentation categories had substantial and statistically significant (p < 0.001) variation at the physician level after accounting for state, organization, and practice levels: (1) discussing results (IQR = 50.8%, proportion of variation explained by physician level = 78.1%); (2) assessment and diagnosis (IQR = 60.4%, physician-level variation = 76.0%); (3) problem list (IQR = 73.1%, physician-level variation = 70.1%); (4) review of systems (IQR = 62.3%, physician-level variation = 67.7%); and (5) social history (IQR = 53.3%, physician-level variation = 62.2%). Drivers of variation from interviews included user preferences and EHR designs with multiple places to record similar information. Variation was perceived to create documentation inefficiencies and risk patient harm due to missed or misinterpreted information. Mitigation strategies included targeted user training during EHR implementation and practice meetings focused on documentation standardization. Physician-to-physician variation in EHR documentation impedes effective and safe use of EHRs, but there are potential strategies to mitigate negative consequences.
Crustal architecture beneath the southern Midcontinent (USA) and controls on Mesoproterozoic iron-oxide mineralization from 3D geophysical models

Abstract Several types of critical mineral-bearing ore deposits in the southern Midcontinent region of the U.S. are hosted in Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks largely concealed beneath Paleozoic cover. Discerning the architecture of igneous intrusions and volcanic centers in the crust is fundamental to understanding the geologic evolution of this vast region and its mineral resources. To advance the understanding of the geologic framework beneath the southeast Missouri iron metallogenic province, we invert continental-scale magnetic and gravity anomaly data to three-dimensional (3D) physical property models. The regional models image altered and mineralized igneous rocks near the Proterozoic basement surface and underlying intrusive complexes that extend down to the Moho. At shallow crustal levels, our models confirm that iron oxide-apatite ± rare earth element (IOA ± REE) deposits and iron oxide-copper-gold ± cobalt (IOCG) deposits occur within or near the edges of large low density/low susceptibility early Mesoproterozoic (ca 1.4 Ga) silicic calderas and (ca 1.3 Ga) granitic plutons. Previous isotopic and geochemical studies conclude that the iron deposits and their volcanic host rocks originated from mantle-derived and crustal melts that erupted during regional extension. Extension was associated with thermal event(s) that produced the large-scale silicic magmatism related to the ca 1.45 Ga Eastern Granite Rhyolite Province (EGRP) and the 1.35 Ga Southern Granite Rhyolite Province (SGRP). We postulate that early in the evolution of the EGRP, several trans-crustal magmatic plumbing systems developed that are evident in the 3D models. The southeast Missouri metallogenic province is underlain by one such magmatic system that is expressed as a northwest-trending ∼50 km-wide by 200 km-long elongate track of high susceptibility at deep crustal levels. The high susceptibility corridor splays upward through the crust to the Proterozoic surface where the iron deposits are the epigenetic manifestation of this magmatic event. Our findings confirm that the iron deposits, with no distinct connection at the surface, are connected to one large magmatic system at depth. We propose that other similar susceptibility tracks, which are present along the top of the mantle, mark additional feeder zones that allowed magma to ascend to the main eruptive centers that produced the Granite Rhyolite Provinces. The early Mesoproterozoic extensional tectonic framework established crustal-scale pathways that controlled the distribution of subsequent magmatic activity, including the ca 1.4 Ga calderas and underlying intrusions, ca 1.3 Ga silicic plutons and Phanerozoic alkaline intrusions. If these interpretations are correct, our study has identified large areas that are prospective for critical mineral-bearing ore deposits and, importantly, suggests that the Mesoproterozoic architecture may have influenced subsequent magmatism and hydrothermal activity in the southern Midcontinent of the U.S.
Abstract A13: Papillary thyroid cancer clusters in North Carolina 1997-2017

Thyroid cancer is the fastest-increasing cancer in the U.S., and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) accounts for >80% of incident cases. Data also indicate that the incidence of PTC varies geographically. We investigated associations between residential location and PTC incidence using data from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry to generate hypotheses about social and environmental factors related to etiology or diagnosis. Analyses included data on 961,111 individuals diagnosed with cancer between 1997 and 2017 (16,468 with PTC). We explored relationships between PTC and residential location at the time of diagnosis. Generalized additive models were used to predict PTC odds across North Carolina while adjusting for individual-level covariates. Cancer patients living in several regions of North Carolina (e.g., areas of the Western Piedmont and the Southern Coast) were up to 200% more likely to be diagnosed with PTC compared with individuals living elsewhere in the state. Patterns were not explained by geographic variation in individual age, sex, or race. We also examined temporal patterns in PTC incidence; these analyses suggest that geographic patterns vary over time and have diminished in recent years. To evaluate whether diagnostic factors explained observed patterns, we evaluated the average tumor size and disease stage in communities identified as having excess odds of PTC. Results of these analyses do not indicate that diagnostic factors are driving spatial patterns; tumor sizes and disease stage in these communities were similar to those in the state as a whole, which would not be expected if diagnostic bias explained variation. Cumulatively, our data suggest that localized environmental factors are influencing geographic distributions of PTC in North Carolina and provide exposure hypotheses for a future large-scale epidemiologic investigation. Citation Format: Kate Hoffman, Heather M. Stapleton. Papillary thyroid cancer clusters in North Carolina 1997-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Environmental Carcinogenesis: Potential Pathway to Cancer Prevention; 2019 Jun 22-24; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2020;13(7 Suppl): Abstract nr A13.
Strengthening and toughening the FeNiCrMn medium entropy alloy by novel ultrafine precipitate networks

Abstract We have developed a Co-free equiatomic FeCrNiMn alloy with high yield strength and elongation. The novel networks composed of ultrafine precipitates were introduced into the cast FeCrNiMn alloy by annealing. In addition, the coarse dendrites formed during casting are dramatically reduced by annealing. The yield strength and elongation of newly-developed medium entropy alloy are 398 MPa and 60.2% at room temperature, which are superior to the performance of expensive FeCoNiCrMn high entropy alloys. The excellent mechanical properties benefit from the newly-formed networks composed of ultrafine precipitates and the sharp decrease of coarse dendrites during annealing.
Bibliography of Legal History Articles Appearing in Law Library Journal, Volumes 1-94 (1908-2002)

This is a bibliography of articles relating to legal history that were published in the Law Library Journal from 1908 to 2002.
Effects of light intensity on the production of phycoerythrin and polyunsaturated fatty acid by microalga Rhodomonas salina

Abstract Phycoerythrin (PE) is a phycobiliprotein with great potential in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics applications. This work sought to investigate the effects of lighting conditions on the PE synthesis by the alga Rhodomonas salina. It was found that the effects of light intensity on the cell growth and PE synthesis highly depend on the cell density, and ultimately, the number of photons received per unit of cells. No obvious light limitation or inhibition to cell growth was observed when each cell received the photons within the range of 2.4–28 × 10−9 μmol·s−1. Under low light intensity, R. salina increased the PE synthesis in order to capture more photons to compensate light deficiency. A strategy of stepwise increasing light intensity was developed to capture the rapid cell growth and high PE synthesis. The PE titer with this method reached 32 mg L−1, ~20% higher than that obtained at a fixed light intensity of 250 μmol photon flux m−2 s−1 (μmol·m−2·s−1). In addition to PE synthesis, R. salina also produces an appreciable amount of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with stearidonic acid (SDA, C18:4) in particular. Collectively, this work demonstrates that light intensity plays an important role in the culture of R. salina for simultaneous production of PE and PUFAs.
Hardy, Arthur Cobb 1895–1977

Arthur Cobb Hardy was born on July 24, 1895, in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was a physicist best known for his work with spectrometers and color analyzers. He co-authored a classic optics book with Fred H. Perrin entitled The Principles of Optics. After WWI Hardy worked at Kodak Research Labs and then transferred to Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he became chair of MIT’s physics department, he passed away in 1977.
The Student Teaching Equity Project: Exploring Teacher Candidates’ Knowledge, Skills, and Beliefs:

A quasi-experimental mixed-methods study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an equity intervention on teacher candidates’ abilities to articulate equity-based beliefs, and demonstrate a...
Chemical Reaction Kinetics in Polymer Systems

In the earlier chapter on polymer fundamentals, the concepts of addition and condensation polymerizations were introduced. The recognition that differences in polymerizations could be categorized was due initially to Wallace Carothers. His perception related to the formation of a small by-product molecule in the case of condensation polymerization and the lack of such a molecule in addition polymerization.
An Ultra-Low Power Energy Harvesting and Imaging (EHI) Type CMOS APS Imager With Self-Power Capability

A novel ultra-low power energy harvesting and imaging (EHI) type CMOS active pixel sensor (APS) imager with self-power capability is presented. The proposed EHI type CMOS APS pixel harvests one order of magnitude higher power than that of the other pixel technologies reported in the literature. It produces 46 $\mu{\rm W}$ of power under 57 klux illumination. The EHI imager presented has decoupled imaging and harvesting operations such that imaging related circuits are turned off while energy is harvested, and vice versa. The imager can operate on 1 V supply voltage consuming as low as 800 nW while capturing 1 frame per second (fps). Measured minimum full-chip imager FoM is 148 pJ/frame $\ast$ pixel while capturing 21.2 fps. The imager contains a 64 $\times$ 45 array of $18\ \mu{\hbox{m}}\times 18\ \mu{\hbox{m}}$ EHI pixels. It is manufactured in a standard 2P4M/3.3 V 0.35 $\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS process. Ultra-low power operation is achieved by developing new imaging electronics including current reference generator, readout circuits, and SAR type, 8-bit, analog-to digital converter (ADC). A new polarity inverting charge pump circuit was developed for managing the energy harvested by the new energy harvesting pixels on the focal plane.
Involvement of serotonin in the excitation of phrenic motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the raphe obscurus

Short-latency averaged responses in the C5 phrenic nerves to electrical stimulation (2.5-80 microA; 5-80 Hz; 150 microseconds pulse duration) of raphe pallidus (RP) and raphe obscurus (RO) were investigated in anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated cats. The responses to stimulation of RO were excitatory, whereas a mixture of inhibitory and excitatory responses of lesser magnitude were observed after stimulating in RP. The maximal response was obtained from the ventral part of RO and consisted of early and delayed excitatory responses that were of equal magnitude in both left and right C5 phrenic nerve roots. The mean latency for the early response was 2.5 +/- 0.1 msec and for the delayed response was 7.0 +/- 0.2 msec. Both responses were elicited during inspiratory phase stimulation, but only the delayed response was present during expiratory phase stimulation. The stimulus threshold of the early response was 5 microA; the delayed response was elicited at currents as small as 2.5 microA. Early and delayed responses were affected in different ways by increasing stimulus current and by increasing stimulus frequency. Intravenous administration of serotonin receptor antagonists methysergide (0.1-0.7 mg/kg), metergoline (33-244 micrograms/kg), and cinanserin (1.5-9.0 micrograms/kg) caused significant dose-related reductions in the magnitude of the delayed response, but did not significantly affect the early response. These data suggest that the early and delayed excitatory responses are mediated by different neuronal pathways. The early response does not involve serotonin release, while the later response is mediated at least in part by activation of a serotonergic pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Numerical simulation model for dust expansion into a plasma

Publisher Summary The physics of dust expansion into a background plasma has many important applications in space plasmas. This chapter describes a new two-dimensional numerical model that has been developed to study physical processes associated with the expansion of dust into a plasma across a magnetic field. The background plasma electrons and ions are treated as a fluid whose density is reduced by dust charging. Fourier spectral methods with a predictor-corrector time advance are used to temporally evolve the background plasma electron and ion equations. The dust is treated with a Particle-In-Cell (PIC) model in which the dust charge varies with time according to the standard dust charging model. A dust charge fluctuation mode is investigated using the numerical model.
Abstract 45: Prior Weight History Provides Prognostic Information Beyond Current Weight Regarding HF Risk

Background: While obesity is an established risk factor for heart failure (HF), there are limited prospective analyses examining the relationship of weight history or trajectories of weight change with incident HF. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that prior overweight and obesity, and increasing weight over time, would be associated with an increased risk of incident HF. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis of 9,710 ARIC Visit 4 (1996-98) participants with available body-mass index (BMI) measurements at Visit 1 (1987-89) and Visit 4, excluding those with CVD at Visit 4 or BMI Results: Over the 9 years from Visit 1 to 4, 72% remained in a stable BMI category, 23% increased to a higher BMI category and 5% decreased. Less weight stability was seen from age 25 to Visit 4 (33% stable, 65% increased, 2% decreased). Higher HF risk was seen with increases in BMI category from Visit 1 to 4 (HR 1.26 [1.07-1.49]) and from age 25 to Visit 4 (HR 1.44 [1.24-1.67]) relative to stable weight, with non-significant risk if BMI category decreased. In analyses assessing combinations of BMI categories at Visit 4 and at an earlier time point (Table), higher BMI category at an earlier time point was associated with greater risk within each Visit 4 BMI category. Individuals who remained obese at both time points had the highest risk of incident HF. Conclusion: Prior elevated weight and increasing weight over time are associated with an increased risk of HF. Weight history may be more informative than single anthropometric measurements for assessing HF risk.
Model reference adaptive control and repetitive control for robot manipulators

A combination of adaptive and repetitive control for dynamic control of robot manipulators is introduced. The repetitive controller is a plug-in controller for connection to an existing model-reference adaptive controller. The input to the repetitive controller is the same as the adaptation error signal for the adaptive controller. In this scheme, desired trajectories and external disturbance are assumed to be periodic. Global stability for this control system is achieved and disturbance is rejected successfully. Based on the characteristics of the reference model, two types of control algorithm are presented: a unity-gain and a pure-integrator reference model. Discretized versions suitable for digital implementations, and sufficient conditions for their stability in the discrete time domain are presented. The performance of the adaptive and repetitive controller is demonstrated by simulation. >
Prodrug ACE Inhibitors

To the Editor: In a recent issue of Circulation , Brown and Vaughan1 reviewed ACE inhibitors. They stated that captopril and lisinopril are active drugs and listed 7 other ACE inhibitors approved in the United States that are inactive prodrugs until metabolized in the liver. More information should be provided on this clinically important subject. First, the package …
Developmental emergence of an obsessive-compulsive phenotype and binge behavior in rats.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) gradually emerges and reaches clinical significance during early adulthood. Whether a predisposition for OCD manifests as binge eating disorder earlier during adolescence is proposed. To further characterize how OCD-like behaviors increase across maturation and to determine whether an OCD-like predisposition increases the likelihood of binge eating during adolescence. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine (CMI, 15 mg/kg) or saline vehicle twice daily between postnatal days 9–15. Both groups were tested for perseverative (spontaneous alternation) and anxiety-like (elevated plus maze; marble burying) behaviors during juvenility (day 28), adolescence (day 60), and adulthood (day 90). Both motivations to eat sucrose pellets and binge eating on fat were investigated. Sex- and age-dependent increases in anxiety-like and perseverative behavior were observed in CMI subjects. Differences in consummatory behaviors emerged during late adolescence, while no significant differences in alternation or anxiety-like behaviors were detected between CMI and vehicle animals until adulthood. Adolescent CMI females consumed more sucrose pellets in 30 min relative to vehicle females, whereas adolescent CMI males consumed approximately half as much as vehicle males. Sucrose consumption did not differ between groups in adulthood. Adolescent CMI rats demonstrated more fat bingeing than vehicles, independent of sex. OCD-like behaviors are emerging during adolescence, but sucrose consumption and fat bingeing in CMI-treated animals significantly precedes the appearance of anxiety and perseveration. This OCD-like phenotype emerges fully during adulthood, suggesting that eating may likely serve as a coping strategy in these animals.
Viruses of Entamoeba histolytica IV. Studies on the Nucleic Acids of the Filamentous and Polyhedral Viruses

The nucleic acids of two amoebal viruses were studied by several independent methods. The filamentous virus, V(ABRM), was shown to be inhibited by bromodeoxyuridine, iododeoxyuridine, and cytosine arabinoside. With acridine orange staining, V(ABRM) inclusions appeared greenish-yellow, indicating that these contained double-stranded nucleic acid. The polyhedral virus, V(301), was also inhibited by bromodeoxyuridine, iododeoxyuridine, and cytosine arabinoside. In addition, nucleic acid hybridization showed that a new DNA species was synthesized in infected amoebal cultures. The intracellular localization of this new DNA was consistent with previous electron microscope studies of the cytoplasmic maturation of V(301).
A Note on the Representation of Bounded Utility Functions Defined on [a, ∞)

The structure and analytical representation of investors' utility-of-wealth functions has long been of interest in portfolio theory. In proposing convenient analytical utility functions most economists have used (i) constant elasticity (power) functions, (ii) the negative exponential function. Both (i) and (ii), of course, restrict the preference structure; Moreover, one may object to (i) because such functions are not uniformly bounded on [0, ∞). And, as has been shown by Arrow [1], this is undesirable in an axiomatic system. The negative exponential function has no such disadvantage, but objections may be raised on empirical grounds. Thus, no simple convenient specification of bounded utility functions on [a, ∞) is available. In fact, even polynomials in wealth of arbitrary order are restrictive since they immediately impose the requirement that moments of wealth are finite. (If the polynomial is of order n, then the nth moment must be finite.)
EXTERNAL SPHINCTER ACTIVITY AND RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN GIRLS

Abstract Urodynamic investigations, including pressure studies, anal sphincter electromyography, and cystourethrography, done in young girls having symptomatic urinary infection show hyperreflexive activity of both striated sphincter and detrusor muscles, due to increased afferent input. In our series, this activity ranged from a pattern similar to “uninhibited” bladder contractions, with normal voiding, to hyperactivity causing frequency, with voiding interrupted by frank sphincter spasms. The wide range and epidemiology of urinary infection in girls suggest that urethral dilatation (or urethrotomy) with long-term chemoprophylaxis is indicated only at one extreme — where the hyperactivity persists in the absence of infection. The role of persistent hyperactivity of detrusor and sphincter in recurrent urinary infection of childhood needs to be defined by a long-term longitudinal study; the high over-all recurrence rates of both covert bacteriuria and overt infection in girls still constitute a major medical problem.
MBE Alloy Clustering Kinetics - A Stochastic Model Study

A theoretical study of alloy clustering in an hypothetical diamond cubic alloy, a0.5b0.5 in which thermodynamics favors phase separation is performed based on a master equation approach. The a-b atom pair interaction is assumed weaker and repulsive (-0.25 eV). It is shown that below 375°C, due to negligible surface migration, there is no clustering of the alloy, but, the surface roughness is very large. In the intermediate temperature range of 300–625°C, with increasing temperature, surface migration increases, resulting in more clustering and decreased surface roughness. Above 500°C, due to very high surface migration, complete phase separation and smooth surface result. It is shown that the conventional MBE growth techniques are incompatible with the growth of good quality heterostructures which consist of alloys having large poistive enthalpy of mixing.
Compression of stereo image pairs and streams

ABSTRACTWe exploit the correlations between 3D-stereoscopic left-right image pairs to achieve high compression factors for imageframe storage and image stream transmission. In particular, in image stream transmission, we can find extremely highcorrelations between left-right frames offset in time such that perspective-induced disparity between viewpoints and motion-induced parallax from a single viewpoint are nearly identical; we coin the term "WoridLine correlation' for this condition.We test these ideas in two implementations, (1) straightforward computing of blockwise cross- correlations, and (2)multiresolution hierarchical matching using a wavelet- based compression method. We find that good 3D-stereoscopic imagery can be had for only a few percent more storage space or transmission bandwidth than is required for the corresponding flat imagery.1. INTRODUCTIONThe successful development of compression schemes for motion video that exploit the high correlation between temporallyadjacent frames, e.g., MPEG, suggests that we might analogously exploit the high correlation between spatially or angularlyadjacent still frames, i.e., left-right 3D-stereoscopic image pairs. If left-right pairs are selected from 3D-stereoscopic motionstreams at different times, such that perspective-induced disparity left-right and motion-induced disparity earlier-laterproduce about the same visual effect, then extremely high correlation will exist between the members of these pairs. Thiseffect, for which we coin the term "WorldLine correlation", can be exploited to achieve extremely high compression factorsfor stereo video streams.Our experiments demonstrate that a reasonable synthesis of one image of a left-right stereo image pair can be estimated fromthe other uncompressed or conventionally compressed image augmented by a small set of numbers that describe the localcross-correlations in terms of a disparity map. When the set is as small (in bits) as 1 to 2% of the conventionally compressedimage the stereoscopically viewed pair consisting of one original and one synthesized image produces convincing stereoimagery. Occlusions, for which this approach of course fails, can be handled efficiently by encoding and transmitting errormaps (residuals) of regions where a local statistical operator indicates that an occlusion is probable.Two cross-correlation mapping schemes independently developed by two of us (P.G. and S.S.) have been coded and tested,
Populations of the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Differ in Their Sensitivity to Aggregation Pheromones

Male Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) produce an aggregation pheromone that attracts conspecific females. We used a two-choice pitfall trap to test the response of females from four laboratory populations to natural pheromone gathered from males of each population and to synthetic 4, 8-dimethyldecanal. Three populations were derived from animals collected 7 years ago: two in Spain and one in Yugoslavia. The fourth population had been in laboratory culture at Chicago for at least 30 years. In eight combinations of the two population choice tests, females did not discriminate between pheromone from their own population and from another population; in three of the four remaining combinations, females discriminated significantly against the stimulus from their own population. Females from the laboratory population and one Spanish population did not respond differently to different concentrations of synthetic 4, 8-dimethyldecanal. Females from the other Spanish population showed an increasing response with increasing concentration, and females from the Yugoslavian population responded most to an intermediate concentration. We discuss the possible chemical bases for these results, and their evolutionary implications.
Antecedents of Student Attitudes Toward Computers

The purpose of this study was to examine the causal impact of different hypothesized antecedents of student attitudes toward computers. The results indicate that, although student attitudes toward computers are significantly affected by both confidence/non-anxiety and perceived usefulness, confidence/non-anxiety has a stronger relationship.
Dynamics and Characteristics of the Self-Trapping of Intense Light Beams

Beam trapping in cadmium sulfide noting threshold, trapping length, refractive index change and Stokes radiation
Br-cAMP induction of apoptosis in synchronized CHO cells.

The proliferation of suspension cultures of malignant CHO cells was inhibited by 0.5 mM Br-cAMP treatment and restored by its removal. This treatment also inhibited histone H1 phosphorylation completely, reduced histones H2A and H4 phosphorylations, induced DNA degradation, and produced cells containing micronuclei. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the degraded DNA fragments produced a “ladder” pattern confirming these cells were undergoing apoptosis. Cell cycle synchrony experiments demonstrated culture growth inhibition was the result of two different cell cycle-specific processes: [1] arrested cell cycle traverse at a restriction point in mid-G1, and [2] rapid apoptosis following cell division. Br-cAMP did not stop cells in late-G1, S, G2, or M from traversing the cell cycle and dividing, but rather, induced apoptosis following mitosis. The restriction point of Br-cAMP arrest was located in the middle of a wider band of G1 arrest induced by isoleucine deprivation. The cells synchronized in G1 before the restriction point were held in G1-arrest by Br-cAMP and spared apoptotic death. These studies support the further study of cAMP derivatives as agents to induce tumor regression by apoptosis and reverse transformation.
Music notation in Archivio San Pietro C 105 and in the Farfa Breviary, Chigi C.VI.177

Was music notated at Rome before the St Cecilia gradual, finished in 1071, was begun? If so (as seems likely), does the common wisdom hold true that no examples of such notation have survived? And if a search through sacramentaries, lectionaries, evangeliaries, bibles and homiliaries written in urban and suburban Rome before 1071 should disclose bits of such notation, what would they reveal? An earlier stage of music writing indigenous to Rome, or a borrowed technique recently imported? And if borrowed, borrowed from where?
Potential Predictors of Whistle-Blowing: A Prosocial Behavior Perspective

Why do some observers of organizational wrongdoing choose to report it? This question has received little research attention despite its prominence in the popular media. This paper attempts to show that whistle-blowing is a form of prosocial behavior. Empirical studies in the social-psychological literature of prosocial behavior provide clues about personality and situational variables predictive of whistle-blowing. Latane's and Barley's (1968, 1970) bystander intervention framework is modified for whistle-blowing decisions. Propositions for future research are offered.
Effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation on long posterior ciliary artery blood flow in cats.

A new technique using ultrasonic flowmetry was developed in order to directly measure blood flow in the long posterior ciliary artery (LPCA) of anesthetized cats. Basal LPCA blood flow averaged about 0.6 ml/min and was stable over the experimental period. Electrical stimulation of the cervical preganglionic cervical sympathetic nerve produced frequency-dependent anterior segment ocular vasoconstrictor responses. Ipsilateral nictitating membrane contractions were simultaneously measured as a well-established index of neural sympathetic activation. LPCA frequency-response relationships were shifted to the right in comparison with those for the nictitating membrane. When elicited at two min intervals, submaximal evoked responses of both systems were stable for more than 90 min. Ocular vasoconstrictor and nictitating membrane responses were blocked in a dose-dependent fashion by intravenous treatment with the non-selective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine (0.3-3.0 mg/kg), as well as with the selective ...
Migration-driven aggregation behaviors in job markets with direct foreign immigration

Abstract This Letter introduces a new set of rate equations describing migration-driven aggregation behaviors in job markets with direct foreign immigration. We divide the job market into two groups: native and immigrant. A reversible migration of jobs exists in both groups. The interaction between two groups creates a birth and death rate for the native job market. We find out that regardless of initial conditions or the rates, the total number of cities with either job markets decreases. This indicates a more concentrated job markets for both groups in the future. On the other hand, jobs available for immigrants increase over time but the ones for natives are uncertain. The native job markets can either expand or shrink or remain constant due to combined effects of birth and death rates. Finally, we test our analytical results with the population data of all counties in the US from 2000 to 2011.
A SCOR-Based Framework for Supply Chain Performance Management

The importance of performance management in supply chains has long been recognized from a variety of functional disciplines. But much of the work has focused on designing performance measures with less concern for the other stages of the entire performance management process. The supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model, developed by the Supply-Chain Council (SCC), is widely accepted as the only cross-industry standard for supply chain management, which not only provides a standard description of supply chain processes, but standard metrics to measure supply chain performance. Based on the SCOR model, a comprehensive framework for supply chain performance management is presented in this paper, which includes all aspects of performance management from performance measurement to performance improvement. The methods for performance model design and performance analysis are mainly discussed.
Major, trace element, and isotopic compositions of Vietnamese basalts: Interaction of hydrous EM1-rich asthenosphere with thinned Eurasian lithosphere

Abstract Intraplate magmatism affected much of Indochina following the mid-Miocene cessation of South China Sea opening. Thick basalt plateaus formed on accreted terrains of varying age as extensional fractures were reactivated following the Indo-Eurasian collision. The basalts are part of a diffuse igneous province affecting much of eastern and southeastern Asia and western Pacific marginal basins. Most Indochina basalt centers comprise two eruptive episodes, an early (lower) series of high-Si0 2, low-FeO * quartz and olivine tholeiites, tapping a relatively-refractory, lithospheric mantle-type source, and a later (upper) series of low-SiO 2, high-FeO * olivine tholeiites, alkali basalts, and basanites, tapping a fertile, asthenospheric source. This pattern is observed elsewhere in the region (e.g., Hainan Island) and resembles several continental flood basalt provinces. While some crustal contamination is suggested, incompatible trace element and strontium, neodymium, and lead isotopic compositions reflect secular changes from the inferred lithospheric to asthenospheric reservoirs. Lower Series basalts reflect hybrids of 206Pb/ 204Pb-rich EM2 and N-MORB reservoirs, with high K 2O/P 2O 5 and low Rb/Sr and Ba/Nb ratios, consistent with the involvement of lithospheric mantle. In contrast, Upper Series basalts show lower K 2O/P 2O 5 and higher Rb/Sr and Ba/Nb ratios and reflect hybrids of 206Pb/ 204Pb-poor EM1 and N-MORB sources. These resemble anomalous (A) -MORB compositions that are typical of eastern/southeastern Asian and western Pacific marginal basin asthenosphere. Despite its resemblance to Indian Ocean (I-) MORB, A-MORB “plum-pudding” asthenosphere may be explained in terms of an endogenous Asian model whereby EM1-rich subcratonic lithosphere was entrained by asthenosphere extruded by the Indo-Eurasian collision. This model is consistent with the restriction of diffuse regional magmatism to the late Cenozoic (i.e., following tectonic extrusion), evidence for shallow, thermally-anomalous mantle, and absence of A-MORB signatures from the pre-extrusion continental mantle.