cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PAH Degradation and Bioaugmentation by a Marine Methanotrophic Enrichment

Abstract Methanotrophic bacteria were enriched from marine sediments and screened for their ability to biotransform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Characterization of the methanotrophic enrichment showed that it was dominated by a Type I methanotroph, although significant amounts of 18:1 fatty acids were detected, suggesting the presence of Type II methanotrophs in marine systems. The methanotrophic enrichment degraded phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluorene to below detectable levels in 15 days. Partial transformation of fluoranthene occurred over 15 days, but pyrene was not transformed. Radiolabeled phenanthrene was oxidized to carbon dioxide with significant production of polar intermediates. The oxidation was inhibited by acetylene, an inhibitor of methane monooxygenase. The addition of the methanotrophic enrichment to a marine culture grown on PAHs as the sole carbon sources increased the transformation rate of phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluorene. The highest removal rates were obtained w...
Postoperative day 1 serum human chorionic gonadotropin level as a predictor of persistent ectopic pregnancy after conservative surgical management

Abstract Objective: To determine characteristics predictive of persistent ectopic pregnancy (EP). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary care, university hospital. Patient(s): All women treated surgically for an EP whose postoperative hCG levels were followed until complete resolution or determination of a persistent EP over a 54-month period. Main Outcome Measure(s): Final outcome defined as successful treatment or persistent EP. Result(s): Twenty-six (17.7%) of 147 patients were diagnosed with a persistent EP. An inverse relationship was noted between the percent decrease in hCG at postoperative day 1 and the incidence of persistent EP. A significantly greater percentage of persistent EPs were noted when the postoperative day 1 hCG fell Conclusion(s): Although no single postoperative hCG value is predictive of conservative surgical treatment for EP, a day-1 postoperative hCG value may be used as a predictor of persistent EP.
HIV Prevalence Rates among Injection Drug Users in 96 Large US Metropolitan Areas, 1992–2002

This research presents estimates of HIV prevalence rates among injection drug users (IDUs) in large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) during 1992–2002. Trend data on HIV prevalence rates in geographic areas over time are important for research on determinants of changes in HIV among IDUs. Such data also provide a foundation for the design and implementation of structural interventions for preventing the spread of HIV among IDUs. Our estimates of HIV prevalence rates among IDUs in 96 US MSAs during 1992–2002 are derived from four independent sets of data: (1) research-based HIV prevalence rate estimates; (2) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing data (CDC CTS); (3) data on the number of people living with AIDS compiled by the CDC (PLWAs); and (4) estimates of HIV prevalence in the US. From these, we calculated two independent sets of estimates: (1) calculating CTS-based Method (CBM) using regression adjustments to CDC CTS; and (2) calculating the PLWA-based Method (PBM) by taking the ratio of the number of injectors living with HIV to the numbers of injectors living in the MSA. We take the mean of CBM and PBM to calculate over all HIV prevalence rates for 1992–2002. We evaluated trends in IDU HIV prevalence rates by calculating estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) for each MSA. During 1992–2002, HIV prevalence rates declined in 85 (88.5%) of the 96 MSAs, with EAPCs ranging from −12.9% to −2.1% (mean EAPC = −6.5%; p < 0.01). Across the 96 MSAs, collectively, the annual mean HIV prevalence rate declined from 11.2% in 1992 to 6.2 in 2002 (EAPC, −6.4%; p < 0.01). Similarly, the median HIV prevalence rate declined from 8.1% to 4.4% (EAPC, −6.5%; p < 0.01). The maximum HIV prevalence rate across the 11 years declined from 43.5% to 22.8% (EAPC, −6.7%; p < 0.01). Declining HIV prevalence rates may reflect high continuing mortality among infected IDUs, as well as primary HIV prevention for non-infected IDUs and self-protection efforts by them. These results warrant further research into the population dynamics of disease progression, access to health services, and the effects of HIV prevention interventions for IDUs.
Effect of heating on the stability of grape and blueberry pomace procyanidins and total anthocyanins

Abstract Fruit by-products are rich sources of procyanidins and anthocyanins known for potential health benefits. Freeze dried blueberry pomace and grape pomace were heated in a forced air oven at 40, 60, 105, and 125 °C for 72, 48, 16, and 8 h respectively, to study the stability of procyanidins and total anthocyanins. Heating decreased procyanidin concentrations significantly ( p p > 0.05) loss when heated at 40 °C. Total anthocyanin loss was highest at 125 °C for both blueberry (52%) and grape pomace (70%). Results suggested that while heating at lower temperatures for up to 3 days may not be detrimental, heating at higher temperatures for more than 8 h results in considerable loss of both the compounds.
Assessment of nerve fiber layer thickness before and after laser in situ keratomileusis using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation.

Purpose To determine the effect of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements obtained by scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (SLP-VCC). Setting Gimbel Eye Centre, Calgary, Alberta. Methods Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were performed in both eyes of 25 consecutive healthy patients the day of LASIK surgery and 1 month after by trained examiners using the GDx-VCC nerve fiber analyzer. Thickness measurements and all other parameters provided by the software of the machine before and after LASIK were analyzed using the paired Student t test. Results Mean age of the patients was 39 years ± 9.6 (SD) (range 24 to 57 years). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent was −4.15 ± 1.76 diopters (D) (range −1.0 to −7.50 D) and the mean postoperative spherical equivalent, 0.12 ± 0.39 D (range −0.75 to +1.00 D). Mean ablation depth was 62 ± 23 μm. No statistically significant difference was found in SLP parameters after LASIK (P Conclusion These data suggest that SLP-VCC mean thickness measurements are not influenced by LASIK-induced alterations in corneal architecture. Measurements obtained with SLP-VCC before surgery may be used for future comparisons.
Temporary vessel occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats: Effect of single and multiple episodes on tissue metabolism and volume of infarction

✓ Temporary occlusion of an intracranial artery is frequently necessary in the surgical management of intracranial aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and tumors. While the risks of vessel damage associated with clip application have been lessened by improved design, the threat of ischemic damage remains. It is unclear whether multiple, brief periods of clip application are more or less safe than a single period of occlusion, and whether the underlying cerebrovascular status influences the outcome from either method. The effect of each of these paradigms (single: 1-hour occlusion; multiple: three 20-minute episodes separated by 10 minutes of reperfusion) on histopathological outcome was assessed in a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model using both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mean volume of infarction (± standard error of the mean) was not different between the single-ischemic (49.4 ± 17.3 cu mm) and the multiple-ischemic (42.9 ± 12.9 cu mm) episode groups of normotens...
Interprofessional Experiences and Attitudes Toward Interprofessional Health Care Teams Among Health Sciences Students

This study examined how the interprofessional experience, including education and practice, affects graduate health science students’ attitudes toward interprofessional practice in health care teams. Data were collected from 227 graduate students, using the Attitudes toward Health Care Teams (ATHCT) scale. Both social work and other health science students had positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration with regard to its ability to improve the quality of a patient’s care. The results from hierarchical linear regression analyses demonstrated that female students, older students, and students with longer interprofessional practice experiences had more positive attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration in health care teams. Based on these results, implications for interprofessional education are discussed.
Enzyme Induction as a Possible Mechanism for Latex-Mediated Insect Resistance in Romaine Lettuce

Plant latex is a known storehouse of various secondary metabolites with demonstrated negative impact on insect fitness. A romaine lettuce cultivar, “Valmaine”, possesses a high level of latex-mediated resistance against the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica balteata LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), compared to a closely related cultivar “Tall Guzmaine”. Latex from damaged Valmaine plants was much more deterrent to adult D. balteata feeding than latex from undamaged plants when applied to the surface of artificial diet under choice conditions; no such difference was found in choice tests with latex from damaged and undamaged Tall Guzmaine plants. The intensities of whiteness and browning were significantly higher in Valmaine latex than in Tall Guzmaine latex. The activities of three enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase) significantly increased over time in latex from damaged Valmaine plants (i.e., 1, 3, and 6 days after feeding initiation), but they remained the same in Tall Guzmaine latex. The constitutive levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and polyphenol oxidase also were significantly higher in Valmaine latex than in Tall Guzmaine latex. These studies suggest that Valmaine latex chemistry may change after plant damage due to increased activity of inducible enzymes and that inducible resistance appears to act synergistically with constitutive resistance against D. balteata.
Protein-protein interaction studies based on molecular aptamers by affinity capillary electrophoresis.

Protein−DNA/protein−protein interactions play critical roles in many biological processes. We report here the investigation of protein−protein interactions using molecular aptamers with affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE). A human α-thrombin binding aptamer was labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein and exploited as a selective fluorescent probe for studying thrombin−protein interactions using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. A 15-mer binding DNA aptamer can be separated into two peaks in CE that correspond to the linear aptamer (L-Apt) and the thrombin-binding G-quadruplex structure in the presence of K+ or Ba2+. In a bare capillary, the peak area of G-quadruplex aptamer (G-Apt) was found to decrease with the addition of thrombin while that of L-Apt remained unchanged. Even though the peak of the G-Apt/thrombin binding complex is broad due to a weaker binding affinity between aptamer and thrombin, we were still able to quantify the thrombin and anti-thrombin proteins (human anti...
The Sociology of the Local: Action and its Publics

Sociology requires a robust theory of how local circumstances create social order. When we analyze social structures not recognizing that they depend on groups with collective pasts and futures that are spatially situated and that are based on personal relations, we avoid a core sociological dimension: the importance of local context in constituting social worlds. Too often this has been the sociological stance, both in micro-sociological studies that examine interaction as untethered from local traditions and in research that treats culture as autonomous from action and choice. Building on theories of action, group dynamics, and micro-cultures, I argue that a sociology of the local solves critical theoretical problems. The local is a stage on which social order gets produced and a lens for understanding how particular forms of action are selected. Treating ethnographic studies as readings of ongoing cultures, I examine how the continuing and referential features of group life (spatial arenas, relations, ...
Delaying insect resistance to transgenic crops

In her seminal work, Silent Spring, Rachel Carson writes: “If Darwin were alive today the insect world would delight and astound him with its impressive verification of his theories of survival of the fittest. Under the stress of intensive chemical spraying the weaker members of the insect populations are being weeded out.” (1)
Prenatal dexamethasone, as used in preterm labor, worsens the impact of postnatal chlorpyrifos exposure on serotonergic pathways

Abstract This study explores how glucocorticoids sensitize the developing brain to the organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos. Pregnant rats received a standard therapeutic dose (0.2 mg/kg) of dexamethasone on gestational days 17–19; pups were given subtoxic doses of chlorpyrifos on postnatal days 1–4 (1 mg/kg,
A Monosaccharide‐Based Coin‐Cell Biobattery

The utilization of carbon felt as the conductive material for the construction of a monosaccharide-based coin-cell biobattery is explored. Anthracene-modified carbon nanotubes were used at the positive electrode to preferentially orientate laccase for direct electron transfer during O2 reduction. A ferrocene-modified poly(ethylenimine) redox polymer was used to electrically communicate with either glucose oxidase or fructose dehydrogenase at the negative electrode. The use of carbon felt helped in the immobilization of a larger quantity of enzyme. Cathodic and anodic currents with carbon felt electrodes showed a three-fold and twofold increase, respectively, relative to the currents obtained with Toray paper materials. Bioelectrodes were assembled in a commercial coin-cell battery casing and were tested as possible biobatteries. This work presents the first time in which a traditional battery design is used for the performance evaluation of different biobatteries.
Invasion Success and Community Resistance in Single and Multiple Species Invasion Models: Do the Models Support the Conclusions?

Elton's concept of community-level resistance to invasion has derived significant theoretical support from community assembly models in which species invade (colonize) singly at low densities. Several theoretical models have provided support to this concept and are frequently cited as providing evidence that invasion resistance occurs in nature. The underlying assumptions of these models however, are derived from island or island-like systems in which species invade infrequently at low abundances. We suggest that these island-like models cannot be generalized to systems in which species arrive in greater frequencies and densities. To investigate the effects of altering the basic assumptions of these original models, we utilized assembly algorithms similar to those used in previous studies, but allowed either two species to invade per time step or single species invasions at relatively high inoculation densities. In these models, invasion resistance only occurred when the invasion process was restricted to single species invading at low densities (as in previous models). When two species were allowed to invade per time step, invasion resistant states did not occur in any of 20 simulated communities, even after 10,000 invasion events. Relaxation of the assumption of invasion at low density also resulted in a lack of invasion resistance. These results may explain why the strict concept of complete invasion resistance appears only to operate in island and island-like systems.
ROM-rounding: A new rounding scheme

ROM-rounding is introduced and is shown to compare favorably with existing floating-point rounding methods on design considerations and on performance over a series of error tests. The error-retarding value of guard digits, of rounding the aligned operand, and of rounding in general are discussed.
Lairage during transport of eighteen-kilogram pigs has an impact on innate immunity and commensal bacteria diversity in the intestines.

Long distance transportation may af- fect the health of pigs; thus, adding a rest stop (lairage) during long journeys may improve their well-being. The objective of this study was to determine whether a mid- journey lairage influenced swine innate immunity and intestinal microbial populations after a 16-h transport. Four replications were conducted, 1 in each of 4 seasons. Eighteen-kilogram pigs were housed in 16 pens (13 to 16 pigs/pen) with 8 pens/treatment. Lairage pigs were transported for 8 h, given a rest with food and water for 8 h, then transported for an additional 8 h. Continu- ous pigs were continuously transported for 16 h. Jugu- lar blood samples and intestinal tissue and contents were collected from 16 pigs (8/treatment) on d 1, 3, 7, and 14 posttransport. Hematocrit and white blood cell counts were determined and neutrophil cell functions, including phagocytosis/oxidative burst and phagocyto- sis of latex beads and leukocyte phenotypic cell markers (CD14 and CD18), were analyzed using flow cytometry. Expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 5; IL-8 (a cytokine that is a chemoattractant for neutrophils); CCL20 (a chemokine that is a chemoattractant for den- dritic cells); and the antimicrobial peptide PR39 were
Effect of Some Anionic Starches on the Stability of Soil Particles in Water

Three types of polyanionic starch derivatives were prepared: carboxymethyl starch, starch-g-poly(acrylic acid) and hydrolyzed starch-g-polyacrylonitrile. Each derivative was prepared at five levels of anion content, and the milliequivalent of carboxyl per gram of polymer (meqCOOHjg) was determined. Soil particles were treated with three concentrations of dispersions of each polymer, and stabilization activity was measured by wet sieving. For the specific soil sample used, the polymer with 2.8 2.9 meqCOOH in each class ofderivative gave the greatest stabilization at reasonable dosage. On a weight basis, the anionic starches did not stabilize as well as their wholly synthetic counterparts: but on a weight of synthetic moiety and meqCOOH per 100g soil basis, the grafted starches out­ performed poly(acrylic acid) and rivaled the performance of hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile.
Association between indoor mold and asthma among children in Buffalo, New York.

Abstract Asthma is a leading chronic disease among children and places a significant burden on public health. Exposure to indoor mold has been associated with asthma symptoms. However, many mold assessments have relied on visual or other identification of damp conditions and mold presence, thus have not examined associations with specific fungal genera. The objective of this case–control study was to examine the relationship between airborne mold concentrations and asthma status among children and to identify the contribution from specific mold genera in air. Participants completed a questionnaire of home environmental conditions and underwent indoor air sampling in the home, from which viable and total-count fungal spores were quantified. The most prevalent fungi in the homes were the allergenic molds Cladosporium (98% and 87% of homes from viable and total count samples, respectively) and Penicillium (91% and 73%). There were no significant differences in mean fungal concentrations between the homes of cases and controls, although the observed rate of exposure to several molds was higher among the cases. Among children who lacked a family history of asthma, cases had significantly higher exposures to viable Aspergillus. Measured humidity levels in the home corresponded with some self-reported indicators of mold and dampness. Practical Implications The results of this study support existing literature that indoor fungal exposures play a role in current asthma status and that some qualitative assessments of mold exposure correspond to fungi present in indoor air.
Quantification of coronary flow reserve in patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and its association with clinical outcomes

Aims Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction frequently show abnormal coronary vascular function, even in the absence of overt coronary artery disease. Moreover, the severity of vascular dysfunction might be related to the aetiology of cardiomyopathy. We sought to determine the incremental value of assessing coronary vascular dysfunction among patients with ischaemic (ICM) and non-ischaemic (NICM) cardiomyopathy at risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Methods and results Coronary flow reserve (CFR, stress/rest myocardial blood flow) was quantified in 510 consecutive patients with rest left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% referred for rest/stress myocardial perfusion PET imaging. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including cardiac death, heart failure hospitalization, late revascularization, and aborted sudden cardiac death. Median follow-up was 8.2 months. Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for clinical variables. The annualized MACE rate was 26.3%. Patients in the lowest two tertiles of CFR (CFR ≤ 1.65) experienced higher MACE rates than those in the highest tertile (32.6 vs. 15.5% per year, respectively, P = 0.004), irrespective of aetiology of cardiomyopathy. Conclusion Impaired coronary vascular function, as assessed by reduced CFR by PET imaging, is common in patients with both ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy and is associated with MACE.
(No?) Accounting for expertise

Attempts to alter the range of expertise represented on some US advisory committees have raised questions of accountability in the selection and deployment of expert advice. Governments seem sometimes to adopt the relativist position that all expertise is biased, and that political considerations may therefore determine the official selection of experts; at other times, they endorse the elitist view of expertise as superior knowledge. This paper argues instead that experts exercise a form of delegated authority and should thus be held to norms of transparency and deliberative adequacy that are central to democratic governance. This theoretical perspective should inform the practices of expert deliberation.
Schools and Delinquency Prevention Strategies

Schools have been widely criticized for not dealing with or solving the problems of youth vulnerable to involvement in the justice system. This paper maintains that schools today are not likely to solve the problems that produce delinquency in American society and that overemphasizing educational strategies for preventing delinquency or for correcting injustices to the disadvantaged is likely to be unproductive. The incremental gain from even a radical redistribution of investment in schools is likely to be small in relation to the problems of poverty or the excessive involvement of low-income youth in the justice system. Instead, it is suggested that youths should be presented with alternative means of entry-other than schools-into the occupational world.
Computer Networks in Future Accelerator Control Systems

Some findings of a study concerning a computer based control and monitoring system for the proposed ISABELLE Intersecting Storage Accelerator are presented. Requirements for development and implementation of such a system are discussed. An architecture is proposed where the system components are partitioned along functional lines. Implementation of some conceptually significant components is reviewed.
Fast search for best representations in multitree dictionaries

We address the best basis problem - or, more generally, the best representation problem: Given a signal, a dictionary of representations, and an additive cost function, the aim is to select the representation from the dictionary which minimizes the cost for the given signal. We develop a new framework of multitree dictionaries, which includes some previously proposed dictionaries as special cases. We show how to efficiently find the best representation in a multitree dictionary using a recursive tree-pruning algorithm. We illustrate our framework through several examples, including a novel block image coder, which significantly outperforms both the standard JPEG and quadtree-based methods and is comparable to embedded coders such as JPEG2000 and SPIHT.
Heat transfer effects on the processing-structure relationships of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) based composites

An analytical methodology was developed capable of describing interrelations between thermal processing and polymer structure for thermoplastic based composite laminates. Specifically, this modeling methodology was used to describe experimental results generated with a specially designed match die quench mold by processing both neat PEEK polymer and carbon fiber reinforced laminate samples at different cooling rates. The developed model accurately predicted temperature profiles for PEEK laminates of different thicknesses, under normal as well as extreme quenching conditions of 114°C/s. surface cooling rates that are possible to generate with the quench mold. In general, the modeling methodology is capable of predicting a part's thermal profile during processing in terms of the composite's microscopic intrinsic properties (fiber and matrix), composition, and lamina orientation. Furthermore, by coupling to the thermal profile description, a previously developed crystallization kinetics model for PEEK polymer and its carbon reinforced composite, a quantitative description of structural development during processing was obtained. Thus, with this analytical methodology, a skin-core crystallinity profile, where the crystallinity varies with part-thickness as a result of uneven cooling experienced during processing, was predicted both for the neat PEEK polymer and its carbon reinforced laminate forms. Finally, the developed methodology clearly established the interplay of both microscopic heat transfer and kinetics of crystallization/solidification of the matrix that must be accounted for in predicting the final structure of a carbon fiber reinforced laminate that will, in turn, govern microscopic and macroscopic performance.
Relationship of Self-esteem, manifest anxiety, and obsessive-compulsiveness to personal habits

75 women and 64 men responded to the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, the Manifest Anxiety Scale, and the Maudsley Obsessional-compulsive Inventory in addition to responding to a questionnaire on...
Design of Intelligent Flight Control Laws for the WVU YF-22 Model Aircraft

The purpose of this paper is to present the design and the testing through numerical simulation of a neurally augmented control scheme based on non-linear dynamic inversion for the WVU YF-22 aircraft scale model. The adaptive flight controller is designed at a single flight condition and a neural network is used to compensate for inversion errors and changes in aircraft dynamics, including actuator failures. Numerical simulation results performed at nominal flight conditions and following stabilator and aileron failures show adequate stability and performance characteristics of the control scheme.
Endocrine Function in an Anencephalic Infant

ABSTRACT The endocrine function in a fullterm 2.1 kg female anencephalic infant was studied by measuring immunoreactive ACTH, growth hormone, insulin, TSH, T4, and T3 concentrations in umbilical cord blood and serial venous plasma samples obtained at 10–30-min intervals until death. In addition, plasma cortisol and T4 concentrations were determined by competitive protein binding. The following materials were given: TRF (100 mg, iv) at 86 mins; lysinevasopressin (LVP) (2.5U, iv) at 125 mins; α1-24 ACTH (1 mg, im) at 160 min; and TSH (5U, im) at 221 min. Plasma TSH and ACTH concentrations were low in the infant until stimulation by TRF and LVP, respectively. Plasma TSH and ACTH concentrations then increased significantly. There were no corresponding changes in plasma T4, T3, or cortisol concentrations following the elevation in plasma TSH and ACTH concentration. A spike in plasma insulin concentration occurred following injection of vasopressin with a subsequent fall in the plasma glucose concentration. The...
Jyotirmoyee Devi: Writing History, Making Citizens

This paper offers a feminist reading of a novel and short story by Jyotirmoyee Devi on the predicament of Hindu and Sikh women who were abducted and/or raped in the riots surrounding the Partition of India in 1947, repatriated subsequently on state initiative, but rejected by their families and communities. I contend that the rejections were motivated, and even ideologically rationalised, by a long and complicated history of the patriarchal fetish regarding women’s sexuality. Using Jyotirmoyee Devi’s writings, I examine how women, sexually abused by the rival community in the riots of Partition, unless excluded, become representative of the ‘fallen’ nation.
Enthalpy, Entropy, and Exergy Flows in Ideal Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

Descriptions of how cryocoolers operate frequently take an energy-centric view. Such descriptions concentrate on the first law of thermodynamics, the conservation of energy. This approach can result in a complex description of the cooler in terms of energy and enthalpy flows.
Imaging metabolic heterogeneity in cancer

As our knowledge of cancer metabolism has increased, it has become apparent that cancer metabolic processes are extremely heterogeneous. The reasons behind this heterogeneity include genetic diversity, the existence of multiple and redundant metabolic pathways, altered microenvironmental conditions, and so on. As a result, methods in the clinic and beyond have been developed in order to image and study tumor metabolism in the in vivo and in vitro regimes. Both regimes provide unique advantages and challenges, and may be used to provide a picture of tumor metabolic heterogeneity that is spatially and temporally comprehensive. Taken together, these methods may hold the key to appropriate cancer diagnoses and treatments in the future.
What Is the Value of Multiple Certifications in Forensic Accounting

In the public accounting profession there are thousands who hold multiple certifications. For example, in addition to a CPA license, a frequent combination includes both a CMA and CIA. Likewise, within the forensic accounting profession there are many who hold multiple certifications such as the CFE and the CFF. As a sociological phenomenon, there is a paucity of research on what are either the actual or the perceived benefits of holding multiple accounting certifications, and research on the benefits of holding multiple certifications in the forensic accounting profession is non-existent. This article reports the results of a recent survey of forensic accountants who hold multiple certifications. The results reveal that the perceived benefit received consists principally of symbolic capital rather than economic.
The Modulated Phase Shift for Weakly Dissipated Nonlinear Oscillatory Waves of the Korteweg-deVries Type

Nonlinear dispersive oscillatory waves are analyzed for Korteweg-deVries type partial differential equations with slowly varying coefficients and arbitrary small perturbations. Spatial and temporal evolution of the amplitude parameters are determined in the usual way by the possible dissipation of the wave actions for both momentum and energy. For dissipative perturbations, both wave actions are shown to be valid to a higher order. Thus, the first variation of the wave action equations is used to derive equations for the slow modulations of the phase shift. It is shown that the phase shift satisfies a set of two coupled linear equations.
Effectiveness of a Handwriting Intervention With At-Risk Kindergarteners.

Objective We examined the effectiveness of an occupational therapist-led handwriting intervention for special education and at-risk kindergarteners. Method We incorporated a two-group, pretest-posttest design. Both groups consisted of kindergarteners receiving individualized education program (IEP) or Response to Intervention (RtI) support. An occupational therapist provided biweekly group handwriting instruction using the Size Matters Handwriting Program to students in the intervention group (n = 23). The control group (n = 12) received the standard handwriting instruction. Results Students in the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater gains in handwriting legibility than students in the control group. Students in the intervention group also demonstrated significantly greater gains in the prereading skills of uppercase letter recognition, lowercase letter recognition, and letter sound recognition. Conclusion This study provides preliminary support for an occupational therapist-led handwriting intervention to improve writing legibility and letter recognition in kindergarteners receiving RtI and IEP supports.
Book Review: Two Billion Eyes: The Story of China Central Television, by Ying Zhu

Two Billion Eyes: The Story of China Central Television. Ying Zhu. New York: The New Press, 2014. 304 pp. $ 18.95 pbk. $ 10.49 Kindle.Two Billion Eyes begins with an earthquake-the one that hit China's Sichuan Province at 2:28 p.m. on May 12, 2008. Including aftershocks, it killed at least 90,000 people and left 5 million homeless.Ying Zhu, a professor of media culture at the City University of New York, C ollege of Staten Island, was in Beijing at the time, almost 1,000 miles from the epicenter. She felt her apartment building sway. Phoning to check on her, a friend suggested she turn on China Central Television (CCTV), the state-operated broadcaster often derided by netizens as "Hee-Hee-TV" for its take-it-with-a-grain-of-salt propaganda.What Zhu saw was impressive: Within minutes of the earthquake, CCTV was carrying a rolling ticker with news of the disaster. By 3:00 p.m., reporters were on the air with updates. By 3:20 p.m., News Channel, CCTV's version of CNN, started broadcasting "Exclusive Reports on Sichuan.""The speed and initial frankness of Chinese media reports from Sichuan were unprecedented, surprising everyone both at home and around the world," Zhu writes in her book. It was a stark contrast to the government-controlled reporting of the runup to the Olympic Games that soon would be held in Beijing. The earthquake coverage was instantly recognized as a milestone in Chinese journalism and disaster reporting, and for a moment, the Chinese media appeared to break free of their assumed propaganda role.Indeed, western journalists relied on and applauded CCTV's work. So did the network's audience: More than 1 billion people-hence, 2 billion eyes-tuned in to CCTV's quake coverage between May 12 and May 21, Zhu notes.Her book bills itself as the first to scrutinize the network, which was founded in 1958 as Beijing TV. Zhu describes the post-Mao transformation of China's only national TV network into an influential multimedia conglomerate.CCTV accomplished this as it juggled competing demands: The government censors the news, but citizens yearn for truth; CCTV's journalists seek professional respect, but the network is officially a mouthpiece for the one-party state; and now, under the market economy reforms of the 1980s, the broadcasting operation must turn a profit by offering programming with popular appeal."As a state-controlled yet commercially operated entity, CCTV has become the very archetype of the Chinese model," Zhu asserts. She calls the network "one place we can turn to as we attempt to make sense, at least from the perspective of media and society, of China's transformation and its global ramifications."Zhu provides historical context for CCTV's rise. Because of poverty and other factors, she states, television did not eclipsed radio as the most important mass medium in China until the early 1990s. …
The nature of the phosphorus linkage in component I, a phosphoprotein isolated from the blood serum of DES-treated cockerels.

Abstract The nature of the phosphorus linkage in electrophoretic component I of the blood serum of DES-treated cockerels was investigated by enzymatic and partial acid and alkali dephosphorylation. The C-P bond was excluded because this bond is stable to 6 N HCI at 110° C. for 20 hours, and all the phosphorus was released under these conditions. No phosphorus was released when diesterase, pyrophosphatase and 0.25 N HO were employed, and this excludes the diester, pyrophosphate and N-P bonds. The presence of the O-P bond was supported by the release of phosphate by the phosphatases and 0.25 N NaOH. The hydrolysate produced upon hydrolysis with pronase and papain contained phosphoserine. No phosphothreonine was present.
249 NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN THE ERA OF INCREASING DONOR BREAST MILK USE IN PREMATURE INFANTS.

Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Previous studies have shown lower rates of NEC when preterm infants are fed their own mother9s breast milk (MBM), but few studies have addressed the effects of donor breast milk (DBM). Objective To describe the incidence of NEC as well as associated risk factors and morbidities in the era of increasing DBM use in VLBW infants. Design/Methods Retrospective chart review of liveborn VLBW infants admitted to University Hospital, San Antonio, TX, from 2003 to 2004. One hundred ninety-one charts were reviewed; 40 were excluded due to previable status. NEC was defined according to Bell9s criteria as stage II or higher. Only covariates of primary conceptual interest were included in the final multivariate model. Logistic regression, Fisher exact test, and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS and SAS. Results One hundred fifty-one patients were eligible for analysis. The mean gestational age (GA) and mean birth weight (BW) were 28.5 ± 2.9 weeks and 1,061 ± 288 g, respectively. Eighty percent of infants were of Hispanic ethnicity and 55% were female. Seventy-eight percent of infants received primarily human milk by 336/7 weeks corrected GA; of these, 33% received primarily DBM. Fourteen patients developed NEC at a mean corrected GA of 30.8 ± 2.8 weeks. Lower GA was associated with NEC (p = .05). After adjusting for GA, Apgar 100 mL/kg) during their entire hospital stay (OR 5.6, CI 1.3-24). Conclusion In our VLBW population, the incidence of NEC is consistent with rates previously reported. Infants who developed NEC were of younger GA and had higher eosinophil counts. Infants with NEC were more likely to die or develop BPD even after correction for other variables. In our preliminary data, the type of human milk had no significant correlation with NEC, although other known benefits of MBM were not evaluated due to sample size. Further studies of the use of donor breast milk are warranted.
The role of character in hume's account of moral responsibility

In A Treatise of Human Nature, Hume introduces what may be called the character thesis in response to an anticipated objection to his claim that human actions are causally determined in the same sense and to the same extent as events in the natural world. The objection is that if human actions are subject to the doctrine of necessity, then no human beings are responsible for their actions, since it is never true to say that they might have done otherwise. Hume’s response is that causal necessity is not only compatible with moral responsibility, but actually necessary for it. He starts by observing that criminal punishment rests on the assumption that such punishment will “have an influence on the mind” of the person punished, to persuade the person to behave well. 1 But “the constant and universal object of hatred or anger is a person or creature endow’d with thought and consciousness,” he says, “and when any criminal or injurious actions excite that passion, ‘tis only by their relation to the person or connexion with him.” 2 People can only be punished for actions that in some sense belong to them. But if actions were the proper objects of such hatred and anger, without reference to character traits they instantiate, then no one could ever be held responsible for their actions. This is because actions are by their very nature temporary and perishing; and where they proceed not from some cause in the characters and dispositions of the person, who perform’d them, they infix not themselves upon him, and can neither redound to his honour, if good, nor infamy, if evil. 3
Effect of Microcosmic Organization of Austenite Stainless Status Upon Service Performance

Through the analysis and study on abnormal microcosmic organization of austenite stainless,it is found that the main reason to result in the austenite stainless tube invalidation is the deviation in the course of tube processing technology.The deviation made microcosmic organization uneven,corrosion resistance ability and mechanical properties is lowered down quickly,and the service performance of tube is lowered down as well.
Maternal Education During the Perinatal Period

The nature of perinatal education has been transformed, reflecting the changes in health care and health care consumers. Because of short maternity stays, the venue of most perinatal education, especially postpartum education, has moved from hospitals to other areas, including the home. In light of conflicting findings of past research examining the effectiveness of prenatal education as well as gaps in the literature, there is a need for research on the content, methods, providers, and dose effect of perinatal education.
Sources and Contents of Information: Pre-Glass—Steagall

It is important for two reasons to identify all the sources of information on which historians, economists, legal scholars and others rely. First, we must satisfy readers’ concerns that something significant was not left out. Second, some sources that have been cited actually do not contain information that speaks to the issues in question.
The Revolution that Wasn’t: Black Markets, Ressentiment, and Survival in Post-War British Film Noir

After the war, the Labour Government headed by Clement Attlee, 1945–51, claimed to be clearing a path to socialism, to a truly equal society, and a sharing of wealth. That government did institute much of what later came to be called The Welfare State; public housing, cradle-to-grave health insurance, and nearly full employment. However, it also clamped down on workers’ dissent in the wake of imposed mandatory wage levels and bans on striking; stifled dissent of its policies in general, which did little to change a rigid class system; and pursued an aggressive imperial foreign policy, barely distinguishable from the Conservatives. When they came to power for the remainder of the 1950s, the Conservatives increased the repression, furthering the ‘mild McCarthyism’ that had, in fact, been instituted under the Labour Government.
Grappling with Culturally Responsive Pedagogy: A Study of Elementary-Level Teacher Candidates’ Learning across Practicum and Diversity Coursework Experiences

This investigation of teacher candidates’ (TCs) learning in their pre-service elementary education program demonstrates how TCs grappled with enacting culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP) in their practicum sites. Interviews with TCs, analyzed with Lucas and Villegas’s (2002) tenets of CRP, reveal how TCs thought about equitable instruction in elementary schools. TCs and the teacher educator of the diversity course report on how such coursework supports TCs as they strive to educate multilingual, multicultural elementary school students. This examination, which focuses on TCs’ learning rather than teacher education program design, provides implications for how teacher educators can support TCs in ways that are responsive to their personalized questions, experiences, strengths, and overall development as teacher learners. Implications for foundational diversity-oriented coursework that connects more directly with TCs’ practicum experiences are discussed.
Teaching Ancient Greek Philosophy as a Non-Western Tradition

Comparative philosophers are well aware of the interpretive difficulties that arise when using the methodological tools of one tradition to understand another. Such difficulties, however, also arise when looking back through traditions. This is especially the case with ancient Greek philosophy understood as the foundation of the Western philosophical tradition. Unreflective application to ancient Greek thought of methodologies that developed later in the tradition can introduce ways of thinking as foreign to it as to a non-Western tradition. This essay demonstrates how certain strategies developed by comparativists can and should be employed in interpreting ancient Greek philosophy.
Retweets for Policy Advocates: Tweet Diffusion in The Policy Discussion Space of Universal Basic Income

Technological advances have increasingly automated tasks that have hitherto been done by humans. The disruption to the labor market is expected to grow as more and more jobs are lost to automation. Society would benefit from the open discussion of alternative policy approaches, such as Universal Basic Income (UBI), that can alleviate social tensions related to joblessness. In this study, we examine tweets related to the discussion of UBI in an effort to understand the types of messages most likely to spread information about policy innovations, and most likely to bring new voices into the discussion. We find that messages that resonate with users are more likely to reach new audiences and bring new actors into the discussion space. Our work offers prescriptions for policy advocates, and provides insights for social scientists studying Twitter and policy and information diffusion.
Transport Models for Ion-Exchange Membranes

The use of ion-exchange membranes in electrochemical devices is advantageous because membrane systems offer a simple and durable technique for performing functions that would otherwise be impossible or require more cumbersome and energy-intensive methodologies. Ion-exchange membranes are particularly attractive from an electrochemical viewpoint because they can regulate the transport of ions and solvent in such electrochemical systems as batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors, and electrochemical reactors. As new ion-exchange membrane applications emerge, and new polymer formulations are developed, the need to predict accurately the membrane transport rates of solute and solvent increases in importance.
Metal Substitution and Solvomorphism in Alkylthiolate-Bridged Zn3 and HgZn2 Metal Clusters.

The impact of substituting Hg(II) for Zn(II) in a thiolate-bridged trinuclear cluster with parallels to a metallothionein metal cluster was investigated. A new solvomorph of [Zn(ZnL)2](ClO4)2 (1) (L = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(2-(ethylthiolato)-amine) and five solvomorphs of a new compound [Hg(ZnL)2](ClO4)2 (2) were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The interplay of hydrogen bonding and aromatic-packing interactions in producing lamellar, 2D lamellar, and columnar arrangements of complex cations in the crystalline state is discussed. Both variable temperature proton nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ion-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) suggest that the complex ions of 1 and 2 are the predominant solution species at moderate concentrations. ESI-MS was also used to monitor differences in metal ion redistribution as 1 was titrated with Hg(ClO4)2 and [HgL(ClO4)]. These studies document the facile replacement of Zn(II) by Hg(II) with the preservation of the overall structure in thiolate-r...