cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of classical XY spins in one and two dimensions

We suggest that low-temperature spin waves in classical spin systems can be understood in terms of a "fixed-length" hydrodynamic theory. A theory is constructed along these lines which is exactly soluble in one and two dimensions for models with an easy-plane anisotropy. The results should apply at low temperatures to one-dimensional ferromagnets such as CsNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, and agree with a microscopic truncated-spin-wave theory proposed by Villain. In two dimensions, we expect the calculations to be valid in a band of temperatures for $\mathrm{XY}$ magnets with an underlying hexagonal symmetry. The calculations should describe in addition the long-wavelength, low-frequency dynamics of third-sound propagation in films of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$^{4}\mathrm{He}$ mixtures. We also show that the critical exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$ is $\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}$ for $\mathrm{XY}$ models in $2+\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions. Some results for dynamics in three dimensions are presented as well.
An Essay on Stereum

SummarySeveral North American species of Stereum are grouped into four complexes. These are: the 5. striatum, the S. frustulatum, the S. ostrea, and the S. hirsutum complexes. Two varieties are rec...
Pharmacokinetics after single and multiple doses torasemide in healthy subjects

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics ( PK) of torasemide tablets after single and multiple doses in healthy volunteers. METHODS 10 male healthy subjects received single dose of 10 mg torasemide every morning for 7 d. The concentration of torasemid was determined by HPLC.RESULTS The serum concentrations on the 1st day was similar to that on the 7th day at every collecting point. The trough concentration of most subjects on the 4th - 6th day were below the determination limit. No significant difference was observed between the PK parameters of the 1st day and the 7th day ( P 0.05) . Peak tmax were about (0.85±0.32) and (0.83±0.33)h,distribution volume (15.0±6.0) and (17.3±8.1) L, peak concentrations (1 489.4±170.1) and (1 355.5±275.1) ng·mL-1, AUC0-14(3 873.2±733.5) and (3 559.9±880.1) ng·h·mL-1, AUC0-∞(3 984.3±740.7) and (3 666 8±875.8) ng·h·mL-1, t1/2(4.08±1.67) and (4.08±1.51) h, CL(43.1±7.9) and (47.6±10.4) mL·min-1.in the 1st day and 7th day respectively. CONCLUSION The PK parameters of torasemide in Chinese was similar to that in Westener. The PK characteristics of torasemide didn't change with the treatment. There was no cumulation when torasemide was given with multiple doses.
Role of Biotechnology in Pesticide Development: Bacillus thuringiensis as an Example

Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) is a spore forming bacterium which produces an insecticidal parasporal crystal upon sporulation. The insecticidal nature of B.t. has been known for several decades. For many years B.t. has served as the basis of successful biological insecticides such as Dipel (Abbot) and Thuricide (Sandoz). To produce these insecticides B.t. is fermented until spores and crystals are produced. The mixture of spores and crystals is then formulated to allow effective application to crop plants. Products such as Dipel have been used effectively on more than 50 species of Lepidopteran pests on over 200 crops (Wilcox et al., 1986).
Ecological wisdom as an emerging field of scholarly inquiry in urban planning and design

In an increasingly urbanizing world, mitigating the consequences of a concentrated humanity becomes all the more urgent. Urban planners and designers have developed criteria for site selection, have tempered the pace and moderated the type of development, and have guided the arrangement of human activities in order to improve the quality of human settlement. However, these efforts have not always proved adequate, and many similar urbanization problems have been persistently reoccurring. Why do the short term needs or desires of humans often trump the need for minimal ecological damage? We argue that a prevailing dualistic perspective of humans and environment as separate from each other leads to a lack of appreciation for environmental integrity. To address this problem, we turn to ecological wisdom, which calls for recognition of and respect for the complexity of the environment, for actionable solutions. In this paper, we define ecological wisdom as a means of knowing, understanding, and applying ecological information in order to guide urban planning and design professionals. Based on ecological wisdom, urban planners and designers combine willingness and ability to include knowledge from different fields – such as ecology, sociology, and economics – to engage stakeholders in setting long term, beneficial goals. To better achieve this, more scholarly research on the application of ecological wisdom in defining place appreciation is needed, thus averting urban problems by reminding people that the well-being of a place is reflected in the overall quality of life illuminated as human experience.
The Planning Process

CREATING A BREAKTHROUGH MARKETING PLAN takes time, energy, and effort. You can’t just sit down and write a marketing plan in an hour, unless you are working in a very small organization and already know the business exceptionally well. A good plan is based on a deep understanding of the business, the customer, the competition, and the market, together with smart strategic thinking and solid program development. All of this takes time.
Chapter 11 – Laboratory-Scale Preparative Chromatography

This chapter discusses simple to more sophisticated techniques based on liquid chromatography. Liquid chromatography is the laboratory-scale technique of choice for the isolation and purification of materials that cannot be handled by crystallization or simple distillation. The purpose of preparative-scale chromatography is the isolation of compounds with a specified purity and in amounts suitable for their intended application. This includes the isolation of materials for structural elucidation, biological or sensory evaluation, use as analytical standards, organic synthesis, or commerce. The scale of the process varies considerably, and includes laboratory, pilot plant, and process-scale operations. For structural elucidation and initial biological activity screening, 30–50 mg of pure substance is usually adequate; for being used as an analytical standard, >100 mg is required; for synthesis, gram quantities are needed; and at the production scale, kilograms and upward are possibly desirable. For the first three applications, separations can be handled in the laboratory, while for pilot plant and process-scale separations, special purpose equipment and facilities are usually required. In addition, process-scale separations are performed to satisfy economic factors, often of less significance for laboratory-scale separations. The process-scale chromatography is of considerable importance for the manufacture of high-value added products, such as pharmaceuticals, flavors and fragrances, and biotechnology products, where the rather high unit costs of purification are not considered prohibitive.
Factors influencing failure to rescue after pancreaticoduodenectomy: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Perspective.

Abstract Background Failure to rescue is the concept of death after a complication, and it is an important factor driving variation in mortality rates after pancreatic surgery. The purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective review of a large, multi-institutional data set to describe patient-level risk factors for failure to rescue in greater detail. Methods From the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant use file, 14,557 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were identified. Of these, 4514 experienced at least one complication and were therefore at risk for failure to rescue. Multivariable logistic regression models to identify factors independently associated with failure to rescue. Results Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, ascites and/or varices, and disseminated malignancy were significant independent risk factors for failure to rescue. Participation of a resident was associated with reduced odds of failure to rescue. Patients who experienced an initial complication and then accumulated additional complications were more common in the failure to rescue group (68.6% versus 31.3%, P Conclusions Accumulation of complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a significant risk factor for failure to rescue. Pancreatic surgery quality improvement programs should continue developing strategies to identify and intervene on post-pancreatectomy complications, especially in high-risk patients.
Antioxidant and Renoprotective Effects of Mushroom Extract: Implication in Prevention of Nephrolithiasis

Background: The pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis (kidney stone) remains elusive, while several therapeutic options are available but not effective as we expected. Accumulating data yet suggest that oxidative stress (generation of oxygen free radicals) may play a primary role in its occurrence. Particularly, calcium oxalate (CaOx) is a key element in the most common form (> 75%) of kidney stones, and its crystal form known as CaOx monohydrate (COM) has been shown to exert oxidative stress, facilitating CaOx stone formation. Hence, diminishing oxidative stress with certain antioxidants could be a potential strategic approach. We are interested in a bioactive extract of Poria mushroom, PE, which has been shown to have antioxidant and renoprotective activities. Accordingly, we investigated if PE might have antioxidant activity that would have implication in prevention of kidney stone formation. Methods: Renal epithelial LLC-PK 1 cells were employed and exposed to COM or hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as a positive control capable of exerting oxidative stress. Possible antioxidant and protective effects of PE against oxidative stress (exerted by COM or H 2 O 2 ) were assessed by cell viability test and lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay. To explore its protective mechanism, two glycolytic parameters, hexokinase (HK) activity and ATP synthesis, were examined and cell cycle analysis was also performed. Results: Both H 2 O 2 and COM led to a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in cell viability, accompanied by severe oxidative stress assessed by LPO assay. Such oxidative stress also caused the significant decline in HK activity and cellular ATP level, indicating the inhibition of glycolysis. Cell cycle analysis further indicated that oxidative stress interfered with cell cycle, inducing a G 1 cell cycle arrest that presumably results in the cessation of cell proliferation. However, PE was capable of significantly preventing or diminishing all these cellular effects mediated through oxidative stress (exerted by H 2 O 2 and COM). Conclusions: The present study shows that the mushroom extract PE appears to have antioxidant and renoprotective effects against oxidative stress exerted by COM in renal cells. Therefore, PE with antioxidant activity is considered a promising natural agent that may have clinical implications in prevention of nephrolithiasis primarily induced by oxidative stress. J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(12):908-915 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2781w
An investigation of dual-energy transmission measurements for more accurate non-uniform attenuation compensation in cardiac SPECT

In this study we investigate the use of dual energy transmission imaging, in simultaneous transmission-emission tomography. Transmission projection data are acquired using the two major photopeaks of /sup 153/Gd, at 44 keV and 99 keV. The degree of contamination of the data in the 44 keV window, by scattered 99 keV transmission photons, is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. A new method is proposed to convert the two transmission maps measured at 44 keV and 99 keV to one appropriate for /sup 99m/Tc. This transmission map is compared with one produced by scaling the 99 keV map, for the attenuation correction of /sup 99m/Tc emission data. The use of dual energy transmission imaging is shown to improve the quantitative accuracy of the reconstructed emission maps. Dual energy transmission imaging is also shown to be more effective at visualizing areas of bone, particularly in truncated regions of the object. >
A Multi-regional Economic Impact Analysis of Alaska Salmon Fishery Failures

Abstract Recently, the harvest of Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in some areas of Alaska was severely curtailed due to a significant reduction in the salmon runs. This generated adverse economic impacts in the areas. Unlike previous studies of impacts of changes in fisheries, which often rely on single-region economic impact models, this study uses a multi-regional social accounting matrix (MRSAM) model of three US regions – Alaska, West Coast, and the rest of US – to calculate the multi-regional economic impacts of the Chinook salmon fishery failures, considering the countervailing effects of federal disaster funds paid to commercial salmon fishermen. To estimate the negative effects of the reduced salmon harvest, this study uses “adjusted demand-driven MRSAM model”, which avoids the double-counting problem encountered when a demand-driven model is used to compute the effects of exogenous output change, and overcomes the weakness of Ghosh (1958) approach in estimating the forward-linkage effects. To calculate the positive effects of federal relief payments, this study uses a Leontief demand-driven MRSAM model. Results indicate that the salmon fishery failures have significant adverse economic impacts including both intra-regional (Alaska) and inter-regional (West Coast and the rest of US) impacts, and that the disaster relief mitigates only a small portion of the adverse impacts.
Distributive Justice, Theories of

Distributive justice is concerned with the fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of social cooperation among diverse persons with competing needs and claims. A theory of distributive justice must set out an account of political justification specifying the weight to be assigned to various kinds of relevant considerations and providing an acceptable description of the standpoint from which judgments are formed. The theory must employ these resources to justify an account of a just distribution of social goods, determining, in the process, the priority to be assigned to considerations such as claims of right, entitlement, efficiency, equality, fairness, and community.
The optical properties of polynucleotides

The circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion of a polynucleotide should each be the sum of two fundamental curves. These curves are measures of two distinct types of electronic interactions in the polymer: interactions among identical electronic transitions and interactions between different transitions. These distinct interactions can be measured either by fitting to the fundamental curves the observed spectra or by determining appropriate integrals of the circular dichroism data. Testing a proposed polymer geometry against both measured parameters should give improved confidence in the structure.
Abstract P202: Long-Term Outcomes and Use of Combination Evidence-Based Medical Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndromes

Background: Several medications have been shown to reduce mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however long-term outcomes related to use of combinations of these medications is limited. Methods: Data on demographics, comorbidities and ACS management from 2,687 consecutive patients admitted with ACS between January 1999 and March 2006 were included. A composite appropriateness score (number of drugs received/number of drugs indicated) was created for discharge use of evidence-based medications (EBMs) including anti-platelet agents, beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors and statins. Multivariate models were used to examine the impact of EBM score on two-year mortality with adjustment for the components of the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score and gender. Results: A total of 216 patients died during follow-up. Women were older, had more comorbidities, and were less likely to receive all 4 EBMs (69.5% vs. 77.8%, p Conclusions: Receipt of combination EBMs after ACS is significantly associated with decreased long-term mortality among both men and women.
Testing C P T symmetry with correlated neutral mesons

This work gives a general overview of phenomenology developed for neutral-meson searches for $CPT$ violation in the framework of the Standard-Model Extension with focus on meson factories. It gives a comparison of notations and fundamental approach in the formalism used by the different experiments. Asymmetries and possible experimental investigations are presented for tests of the momentum-dependent phenomenological parameter of $CPT$ violation in correlated neutral-meson oscillations. The general results apply to any mesons produced as correlated meson pairs and address the issue of decoherence as a consequence of direction dependence. An analysis is given considering kinematics and orientation of the improved Belle II experiment.
QTL mapping for Q-enzyme activity during grain development in rice

Q-enzyme is important for the synthesis of rice grain starch and vital for grain filling. In this study, QTL (Quantitative trait locus) analysis for Q-enzyme activity during grain filling was carried out using recombinant inbred line population derived from the super rice Xieyou 9308. The activity of Qenzyme was greatest at 15 days after heading. In addition, the Q-enzyme activity in early stage (Q10 and Q15) showed significant correlation with the grain filling rate of each stage as well as the average grain filling rate. Nine maineffect QTLs for grain Q-enzyme activity were identified through QTL analysis, they were distributed on chromosome 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7, and the proportion of phenotypic variation explained (R2) by individual QTLs ranged from 5.68% to 11.59%. Among them, qQ10-3 and qQ15-3-2 are located in the same region of RM282-RM6283 on chromosome 3. qQ10-7-1 was detected in two years with an average R2 of 8.86%, and significant epistasis effect with environment was also identified. These results enhance our understanding of the genetic bases of Q-enzyme activity in rice grain.
Cardiac Catheterization Evaluation of a Patient with Pericardial Disease

Differentiating between pericardial constriction and restrictive myocardial disease can be extremely difficult, and the cardiac catheterization laboratory provides a number of powerful ways in which pericardial disease can be evaluated, or in which a suspected diagnosis can be confirmed. In fact, all cath lab operators should be well versed in the interpretation of invasive hemodynamic data. While a comprehensive constriction study involves several measurements that are made using simultaneous (duel-transducer) left and right heart catheters, it is equally important to be alert to the signs and symptoms of acute pericardial disease, which may be noticed during other, routine cath lab procedures. Cardiac tamponade can rarely but rapidly develop during different procedures in the catheterization laboratory like coronary artery perforation during a percutaneous intervention (PCI), right ventricular injury during a myocardial biopsy or pacing wire insertion, or an injury during transseptal catheterization or electrophysiology procedures like ablation or lead extraction. Failure to quickly make a diagnosis may potentially delay otherwise life saving interventions. Thus, this section will focus on the normal hemodynamic relationships of the heart and pericardium, the steps required to perform a dedicated study to differentiate pericardial constriction from restrictive myocardial disease, and the hemodynamic findings of acute cardiac tamponade.
Is the universe like π or Ω

Can everything about the universe and its history be computed like the digits of π? Or is it instead uncomputable, like the digits of Chaitin's Ω?
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Myelodysplastic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders that represent the most commonly diagnosed myeloid neoplasms. This chapter summarizes the pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and suggested workup of myelodysplastic syndromes. It provides a description of the predominating pathologic characteristics of the disease and how the classification of myelodysplastic syndromes was first implemented and changed over time. Additionally, we review risk stratification of MDS patients with an emphasis on disease prognosis and discuss how to best employ prognostic systems in clinical decision-making, particularly with respect to treatment options.
Inhomogeneous energy landscape in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures

SrTiO3-based heterointerfaces exhibit gate-tunable superconductivity, magnetism, and several other properties that can be programmed at nanoscale dimensions using conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM). Spatially resolved measurements indicate that intrinsic structural distortions in the SrTiO3 layer can profoundly influence the transport characteristics. Here, we report the low temperature transport properties of quasi-1D, cross-shaped electron waveguides, “nanocrosses”, created at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface using c-AFM lithography. Inhomogeneities in the electronic band structure of the four arms are observed that are highly reproducible over several device writing/measurement cycles, provided that the writing is performed at the same location on the sample. A proposed ferroelastic domain configuration near the nanocross can provide a mechanism for the observed inhomogeneities. Our model suggests that the three-dimensional ferroelastic domain structure of SrTiO3 near the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface can significantly and reproducibly affect the transport properties of the interface. The nanocross geometry can also serve as a building block for understanding the 1D electron physics of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures.
13 Desonide combined with timolol for the treatment of superficial infantile hemangiomas

Background To discuss the safety and efficacy of desonide combined with timolol for the treatment of superficial infantile hemangiomas. Methods From June 2017 to December 2017, 56 infants with superficial hemangiomas were treated by topical application of desonide cream and timolol maleate eyedrops. Patients’ clinical data including gender, age, hemangioma position and their changes before and after treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by two dermatologists at 2 weeks and 3 months after desonide and timolol treatment. The therapeutic effects were rated as: ineffective, the lesion continued growing; partly effective, lesion remission rate ≥50% but no complete remission in size, color and texture; effective, the lesion was in complete remission. Results A total of 56 patients received desonide and timolol treatment, and 20 patients were observed as controls. Two weeks after treatment the hemangioma became softer and smaller. At 3 months, the overall response was ineffective in 3 patients (5.36%), partly effective in 15 (26.79%), and effective in 38 (67.86%), of which 5 patients’ hemangiomas had completely disappeared but had a small amount of angiotelectasis. In the control group, the overall response was ineffective in 16 patients (80%), partly effective in 3 (15%), and effective in 1 (5%). The effectiveness and regression rate of the desonide and timolol treated group (94.64%, 67.86%) were significantly better than the control group (20%, 5%) (p Conclusion It is safe and effective to use desonide and timolol to treat superficial infantile hemangiomas.
Student visualizations

This paper describes several programming assignments where visualizations assist students in constructing and testing their software. Visualization assignments are given in two courses, our CMPS 144 (Computer Science II) and CMPS 240 (Data Structures and Algorithms). We describe a set of assignments based on finding words in a matrix of letters. These assignments visualize timing issues ranging from a simple search strategy to a thread-based solution. The other example is finding a minimal path in a graph, specifically, a version we refer to as the Border Crossing Problem. This paper discusses the role visualization plays in these assignments.
Modified acquisition strategy for reduced motion artifact in super resolution FSE multislice MRI: Application to prostate

Purpose To reduce slice-to-slice motion effects in multislice T 2 -weighted fast-spin-echo ( T 2 FSE) imaging, manifest as "scalloping" in reformats, by modification of the acquisition strategy and to show applicability in prostate MRI. Methods T 2 FSE images of contiguous or overlapping slices are typically acquired using multiple passes in which each pass is comprised of multiple slices with slice-to-slice gaps. Combination of slices from all passes provides the desired sampling. For enhancement of through-plane resolution with super resolution or for reformatting into other orientations, subtle ≈1 mm motion between passes can cause objectionable "scalloping" artifact. Here we address this by subdivision of each pass into multiple segments. Interleaving of segments from the multiple passes causes all slices to be acquired over substantially the same time, reducing pass-to-pass motion effects. This was implemented in acquiring 78 overlapped T 2 FSE axial slices and studied in phantoms and in 14 prostate MRI patients. Super-resolution axial images and sagittal reformats from the original and new segmented acquisitions were evaluated by 3 uroradiologists. Results For all criteria of sagittal reformats, the segmented acquisition was statistically superior to the original. For all sharpness criteria of axial images, although the trend preferred the original acquisition, the difference was not significant. For artifact in axial images, the segmented acquisition was significantly superior. Conclusions For prostate MRI the new segmented acquisition significantly reduces the scalloping motion artifact that can be present in reformats due to long time lags between the acquisition of adjacent or overlapped slices while retaining image sharpness in the acquired axial slices.
Disparities in COVID-19 Reported Incidence, Knowledge, and Behavior

Abstract Background: Data from the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States show large differences in hospitalizations and mortality across race and geography. However, there is limited data on health information, beliefs, and behaviors that might indicate different exposure to risk. Methods: A sample of 5,198 respondents in the United States (80% population representative, 20% oversample of hotspot areas in New York City, Seattle, New Orleans, and Detroit) was conducted from March 29th to April 13th to measure differences in knowledge, beliefs and behavior regarding COVID-19. Linear regression was used to understand racial, geographic, political, and socioeconomic differences in COVID-19 reported incidence knowledge, and behaviors after adjusting for state-specific and survey date fixed effects. Results: The largest differences in COVID-19 knowledge and behaviors are associated with race/ethnicity, gender, and age. African-Americans, men, and people <55 years old are less likely to know how the disease is spread, less likely to know symptoms of COVID-19, wash their hands less frequently, and leave the home more often. Differences by income, political orientation, and living in a hotspot area are much smaller. Conclusions: There are wide gaps in COVID-19 reported incidence, knowledge regarding disease spread and symptoms, and in social distancing behavior. The findings suggest more effort is needed to increase accurate information and encourage appropriate behaviors among minority communities, men, and younger people.
Software Development with Code Maps: Could those ubiquitous hand-drawn code diagrams become a thing of the past?

To better understand how professional software developers use visual representations of their code, we interviewed nine developers at Microsoft to identify common scenarios, and then surveyed more than 400 developers to understand the scenarios more deeply.
Greek Tragedy and the Contemporary Actor

Zachary Dunbar and Stephe Harrop’s provocative Greek Tragedy and the Contemporary Actor proposes to revitalize modern approaches to ancient Greek texts and offers innovative solutions to acting, te...
Understanding Case Outcomes for Male Victims of Forcible Sexual Assaults.

While rape and sexual violence have long been a widespread social problem, and one that has garnered significant attention, research that specifically examines the phenomenon of male victimization ...
Hydroxypyridinone-based stabilization of Np(IV) enabling efficient U/Np/Pu separations in the Adapted PUREX process

Abstract The classical process to recover uranium (U) and plutonium (Pu) from used nuclear fuel using tributyl phosphate (TBP), namely the Plutonium Uranium Redox EXtraction (PUREX) process, is complicated by the persistent presence of neptunium (Np) and thus requires extra purification steps. The concept of Adapted PUREX seeks to achieve Np recovery by adjusting the valence of the metal more effectively, thereby controlling its behavior more precisely. This study introduces the use of an aqueous hydroxypyridinone chelator, 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) (abbreviated as HOPO), to dictate the behavior of Np for recovery and meanwhile simplify cumbersome reprocessing steps. The interactions between Np and HOPO were probed mechanistically by way of absorption spectrophotometry, in conjunction with cyclic voltammetry. UV–Vis-NIR spectra illustrated the reduction of NpO22+ to Np4+, with a fast reaction rate. Cyclic voltammetry revealed quasi-reversible processes between the oxidized and reduced forms of the ligand and its Np complexes. The corresponding heterogeneous rate constants (k0) were estimated from the peak-to-peak separation potentials (ΔEp), at ~ 4 – 35 μm/s for both HOPO and NpHOPO, with scan rates of 0.01 – 0.4 V/s. Meanwhile, the electromotive force (EMF) as well as the change of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) were assessed from the half-wave potential (E1/2), demonstrating the completeness of NpO22+ reduction to Np4+ by HOPO. The cumulative formation constant of the resulting NpHOPO complex (logβ101) was determined by metal competition titration to be 42.0 ± 0.6, corroborating the extraordinarily high affinity of HOPO to tetravalent metal ions. The prowess of valence control by HOPO and the high stability of the formed complex resulted in enhanced separations of Np from U and of Pu from U, with a maximum separation factor of ~7000 for both, nearly 90- and 10300-fold higher, respectively, than the values obtained using conventional PUREX formulae.
Subnational Democracy in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes

It is well known that nationally democratic states sometimes harbor pockets of subnational authoritarianism. However, political scientists have yet to address whether and under what circumstances authoritarian states harbor democratic political subunits. In this paper, I put forward a novel concept to capture this phenomenon: subnational democracy. After reviewing existing scholarship on subnational regimes, I discuss the constitutive features of subnational democracy with reference to authoritarian Mexico and Serbia: two cases in which opposition subnational governments institutionalized core features of democracy on the local level. I then put forward a theory to explain the conditions under which subnational democracy is likely to emerge. Where opposition leaders coordinate subnational protests and international support to defend their local governments, the likelihood the national regime will resort to repression decreases and subnational democracy is more likely to emerge. Where opposition leaders fail to engineer one or both types of support, authoritarian national regimes display no such tolerance. I substantiate my theory with evidence from Mexico and Serbia, as well as several negative cases.
Characterizing Power Consumption of Dual-Frequency GNSS of Smartphone

Location service is one of the most widely used features on a smartphone. More and more apps are built based on location services. As such, demand for accurate positioning is ever higher. Mobile brand Xiaomi has introduced Mi 8, the world’s first smartphone equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS chipset which is claimed to provide up to decimeter-level positioning accuracy. Such unprecedentedly high location accuracy brought excitement to industry and academia for navigation research and development of emerging apps. On the other hand, there is a significant knowledge gap on the energy efficiency of smartphones equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS chipset. In this paper, we bridge this knowledge gap by performing an empirical study on power consumption of a dual-frequency GNSS phone. To the best our knowledge, this is the first experimental study that characterizes the power consumption of a smartphone equipped with a dual-frequency GNSS chipset and compares the energy efficiency with a single-frequency phone. We demonstrate that a smartphone with a dual-frequency GNSS chipset consumes 37% more power on average outdoors, and 28% more power indoors, in comparison with a singe-frequency GNSS phone.
Aging Management Programs

Aging Management Programs (AMP) are unique to the nuclear industry and are designed to ensure the continuous safety of nuclear power plant as they age.
Off-Cycle and Off Center: Election Timing and Representation in Municipal Government

Who governs America’s cities: organized interests or mass publics? Though recent scholarship finds that local governments enact policies that align with citizens’ preferences, others argue that it is organized interests, not mass publics that are influential. To reconcile these perspectives, we show that election timing can help shed light on when voters or groups will be pivotal in city politics. Examining 1,600 large US cities, we find that off-cycle elections affect city policy responsiveness asymmetrically, weakening responsiveness on those issues where there is an active and organized interest whose policy objectives deviate from the preferences of the median resident. Here, we focus on public employees’ interests and find that local governments that are elected off cycle spend more on city workers than would be preferred by citizens in more conservative cities. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for the study of interest groups and representation in local politics.
Abstract 2297: Regulatory role of MRCK gamma in ovarian cancer metastasis

In ovarian cancer, compacted cell aggregates known as spheroids detach from the primary tumor and enable metastasis within the peritoneum. Targeting this ovarian metastatic cascade motivates a delineation of the morphogenetic pathways governing spheroid shedding and invasion. Here we analyze the role of one of three related Myotonic Dystrophy Kinase-Related CDC42-Binding Kinases (MRCKγ) in ovarian cancer metastasis, and test its potential as a therapeutic target. MRCKs are downstream effectors of Cdc42 and Rac1 GTPases and through activation of myosin-II could produce the mechanical force required during cell invasion. MRCKγ is amplified or mutant in 12.5% of 1680 serous ovarian cancer patient samples in TCGA. Analyses of ovarian cancer SKOV3ip cells with 4-fold overexpression of GFP-Rac1 and increased GTPase activation showed a 1.5-fold increase in MRCKγ protein and a concomitant increase in the phosphorylation of myosin required for contractile force generation. A similar increase in myosin phosphorylation was observed in two OVCAR8 cell lines with overexpression of GFP-Rac1 and GFP-Cdc42, respectively. Analyses of the effects MRCKγ knockdown on ovarian spheroid formation and in mesothelial clearance are in progress. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of MRCK/Cdc42BPs we are also testing their pharmacological inhibition with BDP9066 and SD208 during spheroid formation and mesothelial clearance. Our findings are supported by a recent report showing that inhibition of the related MRCKα kinase blocks ovarian cancer cell spheroid formation in vitro. By the end of these studies we will have a better understanding of the role of MRCK/Cdc42BPs in ovarian cancer metastatic pathway, and a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer treatment. Citation Format: Leslie Toledo-Jacobo. Regulatory role of MRCK gamma in ovarian cancer metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2297.
Failing backward? EU citizenship, the Court of Justice, and Brexit

Developments in European Union (EU) citizenship rights meet expectations of the ‘failing forward’ framework that fuses insights from liberal intergovernmentalist and neofunctionalist integration th...
A wavelet-based method to analyze CPT data for geotechnical and geo-environmental site characterization

The applications of cone penetration technology (CPT) in geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering are increasing due to recent advances in electronics and sensors that can be installed on the cone. However, interpretation of CPT data is a complex process and most existing methods are either empirical or semi-empirical. In order to fully utilize the capability of CPT, issues of local feature identification, uncertainty quantification, and scale effects on the interpretation of collected data have to be addressed properly. In this paper, wavelet transform and wavelet variance are used to characterize the essential scales of CPT data, and wavelet transform modulus maxima and phases are used to detect instantaneous frequency change. The scale effects of site stratigraphy determination using CPT data are demonstrated. The results indicate that this wavelet-based approach can provide a promising tool to reduce uncertainties in CPT data interpretation.
The Case for a Market Liquidity Provider of Last Resort

This short paper, prepared as a keynote address, explains why the credit crunch is fundamentally a story about financial markets, not banks. Its cause was a collapse of securitization and other debt markets, which have become major sources of financing for consumers and companies. Deprived of this financing, consumers have had difficulty purchasing homes and automobiles, and companies have had difficulty purchasing inventory and making capital investments, causing the real economy to shrink. This paper examines how these financial markets should be protected. Although already subject to many prescriptive regulatory protections, these markets evolve faster than regulation can adapt. The paper argues that a market liquidity provider of last resort is the most robust and cost-effective way to protect these financial markets when prescriptive regulation inevitably fails.
Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Many Nano-Wires

Electromagnetic wave scattering by many parallel to the z−axis, thin, impedance, parallel, infinite cylinders is studied asymptotically as a → 0. Let Dm be the cross-section of the m−th cylinder, a be its radius and x ^ m = (x m1 , x m2 ) be its center, 1 ≤ m ≤ M , M = M (a). It is assumed that the points, x ^ m , are distributed, so that N(Δ)= 1 2πa ∫ Δ N ( x ^ )d x ^ [1+o(1)] where N (∆) is the number of points, x ^ m , in an arbitrary open subset, ∆, of the plane, xoy. The function, N( x ^ ) ≥0 , is a continuous function, which an experimentalist can choose. An equation for the self-consistent (effective) field is derived as a → 0. A formula is derived for the refraction coefficient in the medium in which many thin impedance cylinders are distributed. These cylinders may model nano-wires embedded in the medium. One can produce a desired refraction coefficient of the new medium by choosing a suitable boundary impedance of the thin cylinders and their distribution law.
Anomaly detection in a multi-engine aircraft

This paper describes an anomaly detection algorithm by monitoring the spin-down of jet engines. The speed profile from multiple engines in an aircraft is cast as a singular value monitoring problem. This relatively simple algorithm is an excellent example of onboard, lightweight feature extractor, the results of which can feed more elaborate trouble shooting procedures. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated using aircraft data from one of Honeywell’s airline customers.
Vacuum-induced fluctuations of Manakov solitons based on a linearization approximation

We investigate analytically the vacuum-induced fluctuations in Manakov soliton propagation and collision, demonstrating the extent of wave packet spreading and phase diffusion.
An Introduction to NURBS: With Historical Perspective

Chapter 1 - Curve and Surface Representation Chapter 2 - Bezier Curves Chapter 3 - B-spline Curves Chapter 4 - Rational B-spline Curves Chapter 5 - Bezier Surfaces Chapter 6 - B-spline Surfaces Chapter 7 - Rational B-spline Surfaces Appendices
Renewable City: A Comprehensive Guide to an Urban Revolution

Droege's Renewable City is a succinct urban history, environmental science primer, and energy futurism treatise. While two thirds of the text deals with issues that renewable energy enthusiasts are...
Performing Knowledge Art: Understanding Collaborative Cartography

This chapter focuses on the special skills and considerations involved in constructing knowledge maps for, and with, groups. Using knowledge cartography in a facilitative manner in such efforts as collaborative analysis, or simply trying to map discussions on the fly using knowledge mapping software, poses challenges and requires expertise beyond that which characterize individual practice. The chapter provides concepts and frameworks useful in analyzing such collaborative practice and illustrates them with a case study.
An aqueous two-phase system to pre-purify a heterologously produced siderophore

Natural products span broad activities and applications; however, their access and production are often limited by native cellular sources. As a result, the heterologous production of a siderophore termed yersiniabactin (Ybt) was completed using the surrogate host Escherichia coli. Post-production and purification steps are complicated by the complex nature of most media used for cell growth, prompting the development in this work of an aqueous two-phase pre-purification system capable of rapidly and simply enhancing the concentration of the target Ybt compound.
Insolubilized enzymes. Kinetic behaviour of glucose oxidase bound to porous glass particles

1. The spectrophotometric and steady-state kinetic properties of glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4, from Aspergillus niger) that is covalently linked to porous glass beads have been examined. These properties have been compared with those of soluble glucose oxidase, for which the kinetic mechanism at pH5.5 and 25°C has been established previously by a combination of conventional and rapid-reaction techniques to be the following: [Formula: see text] where Eo and Er represent oxidized and reduced forms of the enzyme, respectively. 2. The ratio k+4/k+2 is unchanged after insolubilization, and evidence is presented which suggests that the absolute magnitudes of k+4 and k+2 are unchanged. 3. The kinetic efficiency of the insolubilized enzyme is greatly enhanced because of a 14-fold increase in the apparent affinity of glucose for Eo. This effect is attributed either to the binding of glucose to the glass surface or to a change in enzyme structure imposed by the insolubilization process. 4. Only 6% of the insolubilized enzyme which can be reduced by glucose is catalytically active. It is shown by calculation and direct experimental evidence that this fraction of catalytically active enzyme is bound to the exterior bead surface. The remaining 94% of the enzyme is bound within the pore network and may be subject to severe substrate diffusion control.
Automated external defibrillator use by police responders: where do we go from here?

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major public health problem. More than 250 000 deaths in the United States are attributed to SCD annually, and recent statistics demonstrate that in 1999, there were 341 780 cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, accounting for 47% of all cardiac-related deaths.1 Despite improvements in emergency systems across the country and advances in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the proportion of SCDs has increased 12% over the past decade,2 making the development of better therapeutic approaches for of out-of-hospital arrest of primary concern. See p 1058 An early step in improving survival after sudden cardiac events was the development of the “chain of survival,”3 defined as early access, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), early defibrillation, and early advanced care. Strong evidence supports this concept. Approximately 85% of victims of cardiac arrest demonstrate ventricular tachyarrhythmias immediately after collapse,4 and a survival rate up to 80% has been reported when CPR and defibrillation are administered within minutes of a witnessed cardiac arrest.5 Furthermore, the majority of survivors of this event are patients who demonstrate ventricular fibrillation on arrival of emergency personnel. Because of this, over the past 2 decades, community-based strategies focusing on early defibrillation have emerged, most recently by employing the automated external defibrillator (AED). Early evidence that the AED could be incorporated into an emergency response system was demonstrated in Seattle. In a landmark trial,6 provision of AEDs to firefighters resulted in improved survival as compared with CPR alone until the arrival of a paramedic (30% versus 19%, P <0.01). This improvement likely resulted from a decrease in the time to defibrillation of 5.1±3.2 minutes. Other communities have demonstrated similar improvement by tailoring AED deployment in their emergency systems to their particular circumstances,7 but survival from sudden …
The competitive interactions of man and deer in prehistoric California

A hypothetical model concerning the structure of aboriginal California trophic systems is presented. The dynamics of each possible state of the system is generated theoretically and then tested using previously published data. It is determined that a state of competitive coexistence of a fish-regulated predatorprey competition relationship between the deer and human populations limited the growth of both populations and should be considered a determinant of aboriginal California population levels.
Phenomenological modeling of memristive devices

We present a computationally inexpensive yet accurate phenomenological model of memristive behavior in titanium dioxide devices by fitting experimental data. By design, the model predicts most accurately I–V relation at small non-disturbing electrical stresses, which is often the most critical range of operation for circuit modeling. While the choice of fitting functions is motivated by the switching and conduction mechanisms of particular titanium dioxide devices, the proposed modeling methodology is general enough to be applied to different types of memory devices which feature smooth non-abrupt resistance switching.
Examining successful Iranian women entrepreneurs: an exploratory study

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the factors impacting successful Iranian women entrepreneurs. The factors include: self‐efficacy, risk taking, negative stereotypes, and societal culture and traditions.Design/methodology/approach – The paper utilizes interviews conducted with a sample of successful Iranian women entrepreneurs and examines the challenges they had to overcome, as well as their success factors.Findings – Challenges caused by the negative stereotypes and traditions of Iranian society are barriers successful Iranian women entrepreneurs had to overcome. The possession of personal internal factors such as high levels of self‐efficacy and risk taking positively impacted these women's success.Research limitation/implications – The interviews were not conducted by the authors and were published in Farsi, so there may be interpretation and/or translation issues. However, there are few empirical studies on Iranian women entrepreneurs, and this research is one of the first that contri...