cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Fluorescence as a Means for Temperature and Pressure Measurement

The application of interest in this work is the measurement of air temperature and pressure using broadband laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Because of the cost, bulkiness, and operating complications of ArF lasers, a xenon flashlamp is used instead of LIF. The oxygen is excited by photons in the 185–200nm range. Large wavelength windows (100nm and 65nm) are used to reduce the fluctuations in the total measured fluorescence. A correlation between temperature and fluorescence ratio is developed with an error in fluorescence ratio of approximately ±1.3%, resulting in an error in temperature of ±1.35° C for temperatures from 25–50° C.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Longitudinal discharge trends and outcomes after hospitalization for mouth cellulitis and Ludwig angina.

Objective Objective is to provide longitudinal discharge trends and hospitalization outcomes in patients hospitalized because of mouth cellulitis or Ludwig angina. Methods Nationwide Inpatient Sample for years 2004 to 2010 was used. All hospitalizations with primary diagnosis of cellulitis or Ludwig angina were selected. Discharge trends were examined. Results A total of 29,228 hospitalizations occurred as a result of mouth cellulitis/Ludwig angina; 55% of all hospitalizations were male patients; 68% were aged 21 to 60 years. Non-whites comprised close to 40%. The uninsured comprised 22.3%. Ninety-nine patients died in hospitals. The total hospitalization charges across the entire United States over the study period was $772.57 million. Factors associated with increased hospitalization charges included, age, co-morbid burden, insurance status, race, teaching status of hospital, and geographic location. Conclusions Uninsured non-whites, those with high co-morbid burden, and those aged 21 to 60 years tended to be hospitalized consistently over the study period.
Progressive pulmonary infiltrates and positive blood cultures for weakly acid-fast, gram-positive rods in a 76-year-old woman.

Chest D V Moyer and A S Bayer rods in a 76-year-old woman. blood cultures for weakly acid-fast, gram-positive Progressive pulmonary infiltrates and positive http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/104/1/259.citation can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services ) ISSN:0012-3692 http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. reserved. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights of been published monthly since 1935. Copyright1993by the American College is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has Chest
Theory of laser-induced adiabat shaping in inertial fusion implosions: The relaxation method

The theory of the adiabat shaping induced by a strong shock propagating through a relaxed density profile is carried out for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) capsules. The relaxed profile is produced through a laser prepulse, while the adiabat-shaping shock is driven by the foot of the main laser pulse. The theoretical adiabat profiles accurately reproduce the simulation results. ICF capsules with a shaped adiabat are expected to benefit from improved hydrodynamic stability while maintaining the same one-dimensional performances as flat-adiabat shells.
Synthesis of estradiol fatty acid esters by human breast tumors: fatty acid composition and comparison to estrogen and progesterone receptor content.

Abstract The estradiol-17β -fatty acid esters are non-polar metabolites of estradiol, formed in many tissues, including human breast tumors. It has been shown in the rat that the synthesis of these esters is greatest in those tissues that respond to estrogen stimulation. Thus the possibility was explored that the biosynthesis of the estradiol esters in human breast tumors occurs mainly in those tumors that are estrogen sensitive; and thus that the synthesis of this family of non-polar metabolites of estradiol could be used as an additional marker for the identification of hormonally dependent tumors. However, the conversion of estradiol to the esters did not correlate with other indicators of estrogen responsiveness, the progesterone or estrogen receptors. Interestingly, the composition of the fatty acids in the estradiol-17-esters synthesized in the human tumors was markedly different from those originally identified in the bovine uterus. In the bovine uterus, the esters were predominantly unsaturated, 85%, while in this study the saturated esters were the major component. Since after systemic administration the saturated estradiol-17-esters have been found to be much longer-lived than the unsaturated esters, the biosynthesis of the relatively high proportion of saturated esters by human breast tumors may indicate a significantly prolonged duration for the estrogenic signal produced by endogenously formed estradiol esters. These esters formed and sequestered within the tumor cell, may serve as a preformed store of estradiol, which after enzymatic hydrolysis, can locally stimulate growth of tumors that are estrogen responsive.
On the bankruptcy of internet companies: An empirical inquiry

Abstract In this paper we investigate bankruptcy of Internet (dotcoms) companies. Using a calendar-time model, we identify three key predictors of company failure; net income to total assets, cash flow to total liabilities, and total assets. In addition, we use an event-time model and find that liquidity becomes more important as a predictor than profit potential about one year prior to the failure, but that this finding is reversed (i.e. liquidity is less important than profit potential) three years prior to bankruptcy. Our results also suggest that three years prior to bankruptcy, a higher ratio of total liabilities to total assets is associated with lower odds of survival.
Predicting Chest Wall Pain From Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Different Fractionation Schemes

Purpose Recent studies with two fractionation schemes predicted that the volume of chest wall receiving >30 Gy (V30) correlated with chest wall pain after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the lung. This study developed a predictive model of chest wall pain incorporating radiobiologic effects, using clinical data from four distinct SBRT fractionation schemes. Methods and Materials 102 SBRT patients were treated with four different fractionations: 60 Gy in three fractions, 50 Gy in five fractions, 48 Gy in four fractions, and 50 Gy in 10 fractions. To account for radiobiologic effects, a modified equivalent uniform dose (mEUD) model calculated the dose to the chest wall with volume weighting. For comparison, V30 and maximum point dose were also reported. Using univariable logistic regression, the association of radiation dose and clinical variables with chest wall pain was assessed by uncertainty coefficient (U) and C statistic (C) of receiver operator curve. The significant associations from the univariable model were verified with a multivariable model. Results 106 lesions in 102 patients with a mean age of 72 were included, with a mean of 25.5 (range, 12–55) months of follow-up. Twenty patients reported chest wall pain at a mean time of 8.1 (95% confidence interval, 6.3–9.8) months after treatment. The mEUD models, V30, and maximum point dose were significant predictors of chest wall pain ( p p = 0.008). On multivariable analysis, mEUD and BMI remained significant predictors of chest wall pain ( p = 0.0003 and 0.03, respectively). Conclusion mEUD with moderate weighting better predicted chest wall pain than did V30, indicating that a small chest wall volume receiving a high radiation dose is responsible for chest wall pain. Independently of dose to the chest wall, BMI also correlated with chest wall pain.
Accelerated physical ageing of thin glassy polymer films: evidence from gas transport measurements

Single-gas permeabilities, selectivities and activation energies of permeation of thin (∼ 0.5 gmm), intermediate and thick (∼ 25 gmm) amorphous glassy polymer films of a polysulfone (Udel 1700) and a polyimide (6FDA—IPDA) were investigated. The films had identical thermal histories and were solvent-free. Evidence of strongly thickness-dependent physical ageing was discovered. Thin films showed decreasing permeabilities and increasing selectivities that surpassed those of intermediate and thick films. Thin films showed increased activation energies of permeation. These results provide evidence for an accelerated approach of thin films to the densified equilibrium state.
Version and vergence eye movements in humans: open-loop dynamics determined by monocular rather than binocular image speed

We examined the velocity dependence of the vergence and version eye movements elicited by motion stimuli that were symmetric or asymmetric at the two eyes. Movements of both eyes were recorded with the scleral search coil technique. Vergence was computed as the difference in the positions of the two eyes (left − right) and version was computed as the average position of the two eyes ((left + right)/2). Subjects faced a large tangent screen onto which two identical random-dot patterns were back-projected. Each pattern was viewed by one eye only using crossed-polarizers and its position was controlled by X/Y mirror galvanometers. Viewing was always binocular and horizontal velocity steps (range, 5 to 240°/s) were applied to one (asymmetric stimulus) or both (symmetric stimulus) patterns ~50ms after a centering saccade. With the symmetric stimulus, the motion at the two eyes could be either in the opposite direction (eliciting vergence responses) or in the same direction (eliciting version responses). The asymmetric stimuli elicited both vergence and version. In all cases, minimum response latencies were very short (<90 ms). Velocity tuning curves (based on the changes in vergence and version over the time period, 90–140 ms) were all sigmoidal and peaked when the monocular (i.e., retinal) image velocities were 30–60°/s. The vergence (version) responses to symmetric stimuli were linearly related to the vergence (version) responses to asymmetric stimuli when expressed in terms of the monocular rather than the binocular image velocities. We conclude that the dynamical limits for both vergence and version are imposed in the monocular visual pathways, before the inputs from the two eyes are combined.
Rotational fission of contact binary asteroids

The energetics and dynamics of contact binary asteroids as they approach and pass the rotational fission limit is studied. We presume that the asteroids are subject to an external torque, such as from the YORP effect, that increases their angular momentum. Furthermore, we assume the asteroids can be described by a fairly minimal model comprised of a sphere and ellipsoid resting on each other. The minimum energy configurations for contact binary asteroids at different levels of angular momentum are computed and discussed. We find distinct transitions between different configurations as the angular momentum of the system is increased. These indicate that rapidly rotating contact binary asteroids may seek out clearly different relative configurations than slowly rotating systems. We find a single end state of the systems prior to rotational fission, and distinct dynamical outcomes as a function of mass distribution and shape when the rotational fission limit is exceeded. Our theoretical results agree qualitatively with observed properties of near-Earth asteroids, and can be used to help explain the spin-rate barrier, contact binaries, and the observed morphology of most NEO binaries.
Predictors of suicide threats in patients with borderline personality disorder over 16 years of prospective follow-up

Despite their impact on interpersonal relationships and health resources, suicide threats are not often studied in those with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The primary aim of this study was to examine clinically relevant predictors of suicide threats in this patient group. Two-hundred and ninety inpatients meeting Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB-R) and DSM-III-R criteria for BPD were assessed during their index admission using a series of semistructured interviews and a self-report measure. These subjects were then reassessed using the same instruments every 2 years for 16 years. All variables in the bivariate analyses were found to be significant. In multivariate analyses, four predictors were found to be significant: feeling abandoned and hopeless, and being demanding and manipulative. The results of this study suggest that suicide threats are often related to emotions connected with interpersonal relationships. Suicide threats may function, albeit maladaptively, to regulate these emotions aroused by interpersonal relationships and bring needed support.
Development and Implementation of an Integrated Mathematics/Science Preservice Elementary Methods Course

If integration of mathematics and science is to occur, teacher preparation programs at colleges and universities must provide leadership in developing and modeling methods of teaching integrated content. This paper describes the development and implementation of an integrated mathematics/science preservice elementary methods course at the University of Connecticut. In planning the course several questions were addressed: (a) What does integration of mathematics and science mean? (b) What content should be taught in an integrated mathematics/science (IM/S) elementary methods course? and (c) How should an IM/S elementary methods course be taught? An important element of the course involved enlisting an exemplary elementary teacher who was released from her classroom one day per week to co-teach the methods class. Establishing a definition of integration proved to be one of the most challenging aspects of course development. The authors determined that most difficulties in integration of disciplines result from attempts to “force” the integration. As the team struggled with the philosophical, theoretical and logistical problems in the development of the course, it became apparent why integration has not been more widely implemented. It is believed this model can be adapted to allow for integration of all content areas. Plans are currently underway to incorporate social studies into the methods class for Fall of 1993.
Pseudo-conservation laws in cyclic-server, multiqueue systems with a class of limited service policies

A multiqueue system with a cyclic server and a class of limited service policies is discussed. In particular, exhaustive limited (EL), gated limited, and general decrementing service policies are investigated. The derivations of the expected amount of work left in the queue at the server departures for these three policies are given. These results are all in terms of unknown boundary probabilities. Corresponding server vacation models are used to estimate these unknown probabilities. Pseudoconservation laws for these policies are subsequently obtained. Numerical results obtained for the EL policy are noted to be very accurate compared with simulation results. Conservation laws with mixed service policies, and exact expressions of mean waiting times in symmetric systems are given. >
Image-based location awareness and navigation: who cares?

We describe some of the research issues and challenges in image-based location awareness and navigation. We describe two systems being developed at Purdue University as testbeds for our ideas. The main system architecture combines image processing, mobility, wireless communication, and location awareness.
Team-based agents for proactive failure handling in dynamic composition of Web services

Currently Web services composition problems are addressed using AI planning techniques. The team-based approach, with emphases on the sharing of mental models and proactive collaboration, provides an alternative to current static approaches to Web service composition. The approach provides clear advantages for proactive handling of failures that may be encountered during execution of a complex Web service. The paper proposes a generic framework for dynamic Web-service composition, and extends the CAST architecture to realize the framework.
Rethinking plant community theory

Plant communities have traditionally been viewed as either a random collection of individuals or as organismal entities. For most ecologists however, neither perspective provides a modern comprehensive view of plant communities, but we have yet to formalize the view that we currently hold. Here, we assert that an explicit re-consideration of formal community theory must incorporate interactions that have recently been prominent in plant ecology, namely facilitation and indirect effects among competitors. These interactions do not support the traditional individualistic perspective. We believe that rejecting strict individualistic theory will allow ecologists to better explain variation occurring at different spatial scales, synthesize more general predictive theories of community dynamics, and develop models for community-level responses to global change. Here, we introduce the concept of the integrated community (IC) which proposes that range from highly natural plant communities individualistic to highly interdependent depending on synergism among: (i) stochastic processes, (ii) the abiotic tolerances of species, (iii) positive and negative interactions among plants, and (iv) indirect interactions within and between trophic levels. All of these processes are well accepted by plant ecologists, but no single theory has sought to integrate these different processes into our concept of communities.
What is success in ombuds processes? Evaluation of a university ombudsman

This article reports the results of an in-depth study of the conflicts of forty-five students using an ombud at a large Southern university. Analysis of disputant characteristics and case contexts identifies factors that affect success in this ombud process.
Production of O2 on icy satellites by electronic excitation of low-temperature water ice.

The signature of condensed molecular oxygen has been reported in recent optical-reflectance measurements of the jovian moon Ganymede1, and a tenuous oxygen atmosphere has been observed on Europa2. The surfaces of these moons contain large amounts of water ice, and it is thought that O2 is formed by the sputtering ofice by energetic particles from the jovian magnetosphere3,4,5,6,7,8. Understanding how O2 might be formed from low-temperature ice is crucial for theoretical and experimental simulations of the surfaces and atmospheres of icy bodies in the Solar System. Here we report laboratory measurements of the threshold energy, cross-section and temperature dependence of O2 production by electronic excitation of ice in vacuum, following electron-beam irradiation. Molecular oxygen is formed by direct excitation and dissociation of a stable precursor molecule, rather than (as has been previously thought) by diffusion and chemical recombination of precursor fragments. The large cross-section for O2 production suggests that electronic excitation plays an important part in the formation of O2 on Ganymede and Europa.
Fingerprints of climate change in North Pacific oxygen

[1] Oxygen gas dissolved in seawater has been studied as a tracer of physical and biological processes in the ocean for nearly half a century. Analysis of historical oxygen data has revealed widespread changes in subsurface oxygen concentrations over the past few decades, providing important constraints on the impact of late 20th century climate change on the circulation and biological productivity of the ocean. We report results from a hind cast ocean circulation/biogeochemical model that reproduces the spatial patterns of observed subsurface O2 variability in the North Pacific, where inferred O2 trends are strongest. We find that decadal North Pacific O2 variations in the lower ventilated thermocline primarily reflect changes in the basin's large-scale circulation. A southward expansion of the model subtropical gyre explains the observed subtropical O2 increase from the 1980s to the 1990s, while the simultaneous O2 decreases seen throughout the midlatitude Pacific are driven largely by reduced communication between the atmosphere and the ocean interior. Similar O2 decreases are pervasive among mid- and high-latitude water masses, but further research is needed to determine whether these changes reflect a global response to 20th century climate change.
Does Cheaper Mean Better? The Impact of Using Adjunct Instructors on Student Outcomes

Abstract Higher education has increasingly relied on part-time, adjunct instructors. Critics argue that adjuncts reduce educational quality because they often have less education than full-time professors. On the other hand, by specializing in teaching or being concurrently employed, adjuncts could enhance learning experiences. This paper quantifies how adjuncts affect subsequent student interest and course performance relative to full-time faculty using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits variation in the composition of a department's faculty over time. The results suggest that adjuncts often have a small, positive effect on enrollment patterns, especially in fields related to particular occupations.
X-CSR: Dataflow Optimization for Distributed XML Process Pipelines

XML process networks are a simple, yet powerful programming paradigm for loosely coupled, coarse-grained dataflow applications such as data-centric scientific workflows. We describe a framework called Delta-XML that is well-suited for applications in which pipelines of data processors modify parts ("deltas'') of XML data collections while keeping the overall collection structure intact. We show how to optimize the execution of Delta-XML process networks by minimizing the data shipping cost in distributed settings. This X-CSR** optimization employs static type inference based on XML Schema to determine the XML stream fragments that are relevant to a processor, allowing irrelevant fragments to be bypassed ("shipped'') to downstream pipeline steps. Finally, we present evaluation results for a real-world scientific workflow, which shows the practical feasibility of X-CSR. A long version of this paper is available as technical report (http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/research/tech-reports/2008/CSE-2008-15.pdf).** X-CSR: _X_ML _C_ut, _S_hip, and _R_eassemble; pronounced "X-scissor''
Flecc: a flexible cache coherence protocol for dynamic component-based systems

Summary form only given. An increasing number of distributed applications are currently being constructed as sets of connected components and dynamically deployed in wide area networks using frameworks such as CORBA, .NET, and Web Services. Such dynamic deployments enable applications to flexibly adapt to changes in client QoS requirements and network properties, but introduce a consistency problem because of replicated components. Ideally, the frameworks deploying the applications should ensure that the application consistency requirements are satisfied, even though the requirements can range from weak to strong and dynamically change at run-time. Thus, a key challenge is to design a flexible cache coherence protocol that uses application-specific information while still being application-neutral. We describe Flecc, an application-neutral cache coherence protocol used by a component-based framework (Partitionable Services Framework) to satisfy the consistency requirements of deployed applications. Flecc allows applications to specify appropriate consistency and granularity levels and define complex synchronization decisions as simple functions. We demonstrate the benefits of our cache coherence protocol by analyzing the behavior of a component-based application modeling an airline reservation system.
Inhibition of Non-Homologous End Joining Repair Impairs Pancreatic Cancer Growth and Enhances Radiation Response

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is amongst the deadliest of human cancers, due to its late diagnosis as well as its intense resistance to currently available therapeutics. To identify mechanisms as to why PDAC are refractory to DNA damaging cytoxic chemotherapy and radiation, we performed a global interrogation of the DNA damage response of PDAC. We find that PDAC cells generally harbor high levels of spontaneous DNA damage. Inhibition of Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) repair either pharmacologically or by RNAi resulted in a further accumulation of DNA damage, inhibition of growth, and ultimately apoptosis even in the absence of exogenous DNA damaging agents. In response to radiation, PDAC cells rely on the NHEJ pathway to rapidly repair DNA double strand breaks. Mechanistically, when NHEJ is inhibited there is a compensatory increase in Homologous Recombination (HR). Despite this upregulation of HR, DNA damage persists and cells are significantly more sensitive to radiation. Together, these findings support the incorporation of NHEJ inhibition into PDAC therapeutic approaches, either alone, or in combination with DNA damaging therapies such as radiation.
Expressing and Optimizing Similarity-Based Queries in SQL

Searching for similar objects (in terms of near and nearest neighbors) of a given query object from a large set is an essential task in many applications. Recent years have seen great progress towards efficient algorithms for this task. This paper takes a query language perspective, equipping SQL with the near and nearest search capability by adding a user-defined-predicate, called NN-UDP. The predicate indicates, among a set of objects, if an object is a near or nearest-neighbor of a given query object. The use of the NN-UDP makes the queries involving similarity searches intuitive to express. Unfortunately, traditional cost-based optimization methods that deal with traditional UDPs do not work well for such SQL queries. Better execution plans are possible with the introduction of a new operator, called NN-OP, which finds the near or nearest neighbors from a set of objects for a given query object. An optimization algorithm proposed in this paper can produce these plans that take advantage of the efficient search algorithms developed in recent years. To assess the proposed optimization algorithm, this paper focuses on applications that deal with streaming time series. Experimental results show that the optimization strategy is effective.
Comparative Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Spores and Monophosphoryl Lipid A as Adjuvants of Protein-Based Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Based Vaccines: Partial Requirement for Interleukin-17A for Induction of Protective Immunity

The development of adjuvants for vaccines has become an important area of research as the number of protein-based vaccines against infectious pathogens increases. Currently, there are a number of adjuvant-based Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials that have shown efficacy in animal models. Despite these novel adjuvants, there is still a need to design new and more versatile adjuvants that have minimal adverse side effects but produce robust long-lasting adaptive immune responses. To this end, we hypothesized that Bacillus subtilis spores may provide the appropriate innate signals that are required to generate such vaccine-mediated responses, which would be sufficient to reduce the mycobacterial burden after infection with M. tuberculosis. In addition, we compared the response generated by B. subtilis spores to that generated by monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), which has been used extensively to test tuberculosis vaccines. The well-characterized, 6-kDa early secretory antigenic target of M. tuberculosis (ESAT-6; Rv3875) was used as a test antigen to determine the T cell activation potential of each adjuvant. Inoculated into mice, B. subtilis spores induced a strong proinflammatory response and Th1 immunity, similar to MPL; however, unlike MPL formulated with dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, it failed to induce significant levels of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and was unable to significantly reduce the mycobacterial burden after pulmonary infection with M. tuberculosis. Further analysis of the activity of MPL-DDA suggested that IL-17A was required for protective immunity. Taken together, the data emphasize the requirement for a network of cytokines that are essential for protective immunity.
Maternal–Fetal Cholesterol Transport in the Placenta Good, Bad, and Target for Modulation

See related articles, pages 600–608 The transport of cholesterol from mother to fetus across the placental barrier has long been neglected. Although cholesterol is of vital importance for fetal development as a key constituent of cell membranes, precursor of steroid hormones and metabolic regulators (oxysterols), and a modulator of hedgehog signaling, it was generally assumed that most of it is synthesized de novo by the fetus and, to a lesser extent, by cells on the fetal side of the placenta. A contribution of placental cholesterol to fetal growth was supported by the fact that LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the umbilical cord vein (which delivers placental blood to the fetus) are greater than those in umbilical arteries,1 and by the ability of placental cells to secrete apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing particles.2 On the other hand, the case against maternal cholesterol transfer was based on the observation that the placental barrier is impermeable to labeled LDL and other lipoprotein particles and that genetically normal offspring of hypercholesterolemic mothers generally have very low cholesterol levels at term birth, whereas maternal cholesterol tends to be highest in the third trimester. Given the essential role of independent cholesterol synthesis, it is not surprising that most of the known genetic defects of cholesterol biosynthesis in fetuses severely impact their development and survival. The one exception is the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (SLO), a defect in the conversion of 7-dihydrocholesterol to cholesterol.3 Children with SLO are born relatively healthy and must therefore have obtained a minimum of cholesterol from the mother. Interest in potential mechanisms transporting cholesterol from mother to fetus was further stimulated by the recognition that maternal hypercholesterolemia, even if limited to …
E-T based statistical modeling and compact statistical circuit simulation methodologies

A new statistical parameter extraction methodology which translates actual process variations into SPICE model parameter variations is presented. This methodology uses E-T data to extract SPICE model parameters and guarantees that its extraction results match measured variations. We have applied this methodology to an industrial 0.5 /spl mu/m process. Excellent, overall I-V curve fit for multiple device geometries is achieved. A compact statistical circuit design technology that improves upon the typical/worst/best case methodology is also presented.
Free energy perturbation calculations involving potential function charges

The solvation free energies of thymine and adenine were calculated using free energy methods to examine the effect of applying Lennard–Jones 6-12 and 10-12 perturbations to the hydrogen-bonding groups. The calculations were performed using a new free energy algorithm developed for the AMBER 4.0 program package that allows an interaction described by a Lennard–Jones 6-12 potential to be changed into one described by a hydrogen bond 10-12 potential. The algorithm applied allows this change to occur smoothly without the generation of more extrema on the potential surface. Results using this algorithm have been compared with those determined using the standard AMBER 3.0 Revision A program package, which provides for 6-12 to 6-12 parameter perturbations only. We have also developed a procedure to perform pyrimidine to purine nucleoside mutations to calculate the relative free energies of solvation directly. The theoretical results are compared to experimental energies derived from solvation and vaporization data taken from the literature. The free energies calculated using the new algorithm show good agreement with the derived experimental values. This is also true for the calculations that employ the 6-12 function only, but with 6-12 parameters modified to reflect the correct hydrogen-bonding interactions. However, perturbation of the “standard” 6-12 parameters without changing the functional form proves to be less effective in determining solvation free energies correctly, and demonstrates the importance of accurate hydrogen bond descriptions in free energy simulations.
Organization design as expert system design

The information processing view of organization design and development is cast in an expert system framework, in which purposeful organizations with cooperating subunits are viewed as rule-based expert systems. The antecedent to a rule corresponds to information available to the subunit and the consequent of the rule corresponds to actions taken by the subunit. Thus, an organization is viewed as an intelligent, or knowledge-based, system, the design of which is similar, but not identical, to the design of an expert system. A computational example is given and possible extensions are discussed. >
Three-Dimensional Displays and Plots of Anatomic Structures

This chapter presents methods for producing (“rendering” in computer graphics technology) displays and plots of anatomic structures that have already been entered into the computer. The goal is to generate views of the structure as they would have appeared naturally, before any tissue sectioning or other histological manipulations are performed. Since most of the structures are microscopic and a microscope imposes viewing constraints on its user, a display must actually present a view that is better than you could see if you looked into the microscope yourself.
Narrative Inquiry Invites Professional Development: Educators Claim the Creative Space of Praxis

ABSTRACT The current educational context calls for evidence-based, measurable student-learning outcomes. Professional-development initiatives are increasingly designed to ensure these outcomes are achieved. Thus, opportunities for teachers to create, adapt, and discern within the act of teaching are closed off. Teachers’ praxis is at stake with less and less felt agency in classrooms. The authors explore how narrative inquiry can become a medium for professional development, creating the needed room in which teacher agency is explored individually and collectively through gaining access to the vital role of otherness. They conclude that narrative inquiry invites participating educators to claim the creative space of praxis in their classrooms and fosters a culture of professional learning across participants seen as the formative work necessary within professional development.
Remedial Reading in a Pediatric Clinic

This paper describes a program which uses neighborhood tutors and other nonprofessionals to provide a pediatric clinic with a simple inexpensive remedial reading service for children with severe reading problems. Case illustrations exemplify some of the ways the program has been useful.
Pharmacologic Management of Nonpain Symptoms in Surgical Patients

Palliative care patients present with multiple symptoms other than pain and cachexia. Asthenia, delirium, dyspnea, and chronic nausea and constipation cause significant distress to patients and families and frequently coexist in the same patient. A careful assessment frequently identifies reversible causes. When none are identified or there is no improvement, symptomatic pharmacologic interventions are available. The success rate is variable, and it is very high for symptoms such as chronic nausea or constipation and less effective for symptoms such as asthenia and delirium. More research on the mechanism and treatment of these symptoms is needed.
Factors Influencing the Result in Fractures of the Femoral Neck

This study indicates that the incidence of non-union in displaced intracapsular femoral-neck fractures can be decreased by: (1) accurate reduction; (2) accurately placed, adequate internal fixation; and (3) carefully supervised postoperative care. Inadequate reduction, technical errors in fixation, and premature weight-bearing appear to be the main factors leading to non-union. Aseptic necrosis occurred in one-third of displaced fractures with more than a two-year follow-up and is the most serious remaining factor affecting the result. Whether this complication will develop in a fracture seems to be defined at the time of injury. Despite these conclusions it must be admitted that there are some patients who have satisfactory results even though their fractures are inadequately reduced (seven of the healed group) or poorly fixed (twelve of the healed group). These results are difficult to explain.
Applying Association Rule Mining to Semantic Data in the Lung Image Database Consortium

The detection and diagnosis of lung cancer has been shown to dramatically increase the survival rate of lung cancer patients. Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) methods are being developed to help improve the ability of clinical radiologists to detect and diagnose malignant lung nodules. While many research studies use low-level image features to predict malignancy, only few CAD systems look into integrating semantic data (such as spiculation, subtlety and margin characteristics) in these systems. The availability of these semantic characteristics in the NIH/NCI Lung Nodule Database Consortium (LIDC) creates new opportunities to explore the relationships among these semantic characteristics in the context of lung nodule diagnostic interpretation. We propose the use of Association Rule Mining (ARM) to quantify these relationships and introduce new evaluation metrics that relate to the importance of individual characteristics rather than to a set of rules as a whole. Our preliminary results show that, although there is less evidence that malignancy can be predicted based on the other semantic characteristics, there is strong support and confidence for the existence of certain combinations of characteristics (including malignancy) that could be used to identify groups of nodules that are described in a similar fashion by radiologists.
The Trial of Sergeant-Major Mckinney: An after Action Report

On March 13, 1998, Sergeant-Major Gene C. McKinney, the first African American Sergeant-Major of the Army (SMA), was convicted by general court martial on a single charge of obstruction of justice. He was acquitted of eighteen other charges, all arising out of his alleged sexual harassment of six female service members, most of whom were white. While his attorney publicly expressed disappointment in the single conviction, the acquittal on all charges relating to sexual harassment was widely perceived as a major victory for the defense. McKinney had potentially faced over fifty-five years in prison. He was eventually sentenced to a demotion in rank and a reprimand but received no jail time. This article is an "After Action Report," a format widely used by the Army to assess its own operations, to explore what went wrong with McKinney's prosecution, what went right, and what alternatives might exist to addressing the issue of sexual harassment in the military. It looks at the "microlaw," i.e., the extra-legal, sociological forces that influence the behavior of Army service members, and questions whether criminal prosecutions under the Uniform Code of Military Justice for sexual harassment is the most productive approach to combating sexual harassment and other forms of sexual misconduct.
A Hilbert Space Proof of the Banach-Steinhaus Theorem

(1969). A Hilbert Space Proof of the Banach-Steinhaus Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 1, pp. 40-41.
Molecular Adsorption and Fragmentation of Bromoform on Polyvinylidene Fluoride with Trifluoroethylene

Bromoform absorption on crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride with 30% of trifluoroethylene, P(VDF-TrFE 70:30) was investigated by photoemission and inverse photoemission and found to be associative and reversible. Molecular bromoform adsorption appears to be an activated process at 120 K with enhanced adsorption following the initial adsorption of bromoform. Strong intermolecular interactions are also implicated in the presence of a weak shake off or screened photoemission final state.
New directions in the pharmacologic treatment of insomnia.

This article reviews the recently Food and Drug Administration-approved sleep-promoting medications as well as new compounds being investigated as possible future insomnia treatments. The new medications indicated for the treatment of insomnia include significant advances in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches. All approved sleep-promoting medications are indicated for difficulties with sleep onset and some have an additional indication for sleep maintenance. The recently approved insomnia medications no longer have an implied restriction on their duration of use. There is now a controlled-release formulation of a benzodiazepine receptor agonist, as well as a selective melatonin receptor agonist. New potential pharmacologic targets for treating insomnia have become evident, with advances in the understanding of the neural mechanisms regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Currently being evaluated are a wide range of compounds that modulate γ-aminobutyric acid, histamine, serotonin, melatonin, adenosine, corticotrophin-releasing factor, and hypocretin/orexin systems.
Therapeutic monitoring of antidepressant drugs: guidelines updated

Nearly 2 decades have passed since initial studies demonstrated a relationship between plasma (or serum) levels of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs and clinical response. Since then, therapeutic monitoring of antidepressant drugs has become routine in many laboratories and the use of these measures is becoming a routine part of psychiatric practice. New uses for antidepressant measurements have evolved and guidelines for proper use of these measures need to be updated to take advantage of more recent findings. Continuing studies in psychiatry have also promoted technical advances in methodology that has undergone predictable evolution to robust techniques for analysis of most antidepressants. However, the diversity of methods for therapeutic drug monitoring, issues of cross-reactivity and assay interferences, and confusion over sample collection techniques still contribute to difficulties in obtaining and using serum concentration data. Differences between techniques specifically designed for therapeutic monitoring of antidepressant drugs and those designed for toxicology or emergency drug screening are not clear and lead to misunderstandings between laboratory personnel and psychiatrists. This article updates and discusses current guidelines that form the basis for using serum level measurements of antidepressant drugs and reviews salient pharmacologic, clinical, and analytical issues that must be taken into account if therapeutic drug monitoring data are to be used for optimal clinical benefit.
Two Ways to Teach Writing without Texts

(1990). Two Ways to Teach Writing without Texts. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 63, No. 6, pp. 259-260.
Expanding Sociotechnical Systems Theory Through the Trans-disciplinary Lens of Complexity Theory

This chapter reviews insights on complex sociotechnical systems theory and proposes that the theory can benefit by adopting and extending concepts and methods from complexity theory. Such expansion will better inform organizational analysis in the context of complex systems engineering. Sociotechnical systems theory integrates an understanding of group dynamics with an appreciation for the technical environment in which organizational work is carried out, pointing to the complex interdependencies among social dynamics and technical systems. This chapter will review sociotechnical systems theory and suggest extensions drawing on well-established research on the social psychology of groups, as well as contemporary research from network science, and emerging frameworks from epidemiological and sociophysics research to provide a more comprehensive perspective on complex systems. An explicit integration of complexity theory and sociotechnical systems theory reveals new strategies to enhance modeling and understanding of complex social and technical interdependencies that impact systems engineering.
Targeting Metabolic Inputs into Epigenetic Regulations of Acute Leukemia

An essential feature of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the profound block to differentiation exhibited by leukemic cells. This AML-associated arrest in the normal process of cellular differentiation is not observed in more chronic forms of leukemia. Chronic forms of leukemia and lymphoma are marked by the increased propensity to enter the cell cycle as the malignant cells move to more mature states of differentiation and the increased resistance to apoptosis these cells exhibit. Considerable recent evidence has suggested that profound epigenetic remodeling occurs as either a result or a cause of cellular differentiation. Altered DNA methylation has now been established as a hallmark of acute leukemia and yet very little is known concerning the mechanisms through which this occurs. In 2010, in collaboration with others, we found that neomorphic mutations of the citrate metabolism genes IDH1 and IDH2 induce DNA hypermethylation and impair differentiation in hematopoietic cells. IDH mutations create a block to DNA and histone demethylation as a result of the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). 2HG acts as a competitive inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent enzymes. The epigenetic effects of 2HG are caused in part though inhibition of TET2, a DNA demethylase enzyme also mutated in leukemia. IDH 1/2- and TET2-mutant primary AML cells displayed a similar defect in epigenetic programming consisting of global hypermethylation and a gene-specific methylation signature. This work identifies IDH1/2- and TET2-mutant leukemias as a biologically distinct disease subtype, and links cancer metabolism with epigenetic control of gene expression. The implications of this work and the identification of additional metabolic genes involved in epigenetic deregulation in leukemia will be discussed. Disclosures: Thompson:NIH: Research Funding; Keystone Symposia: Consultancy; NCI: Research Funding; Damon Runyon : Research Funding; Ludwig: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; HHMI: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Agios: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; MSKCC: Employment; Pfizer: Patents & Royalties; BMS: Patents & Royalties; Repligen: Patents & Royalties.
Melanoma and chronic exposure to contraceptives containing microdoses of ethinylestradiol in young women: a retrospective study from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) project comprising a large Midwestern U.S. patient population

An association between the use of contraceptives containing exogenous estrogen compounds and subsequent diagnosis for malignant melanoma (MM) has been suspected for decades. This is, in part, due to the finding that estrogen stimulates melanogenesis1 and the observation that the incidence of MM is greater in women vs. men before the age of 50, but lower than men after the age of 502, corresponding with the average age of menopause when estrogen levels dramatically decrease. Prior studies assessing the relationship between the incidence of MM and exposure to exogenous estrogen provide conflicting results3-6. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Lwów - Warsaw School (1895 -1939)

When Poland regained independence in 1918, conditions for the development of philosophy improved dramatically.