cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional impact of an increase in ventricular mass after myocardial damage and its attenuation by converting enzyme inhibition

Abstract Background: A increase in left ventricular mass after ventricular damage has been identified as an initial response to injury. However, the functional significance of this response has not been clearly established and is the focus of this study. Methods and Results: Twelve mongrel dogs underwent transmyocardial direct current shock to produce transmural left ventricular damage. Six were assigned to converting enzyme inhibitor therapy initiated 24 hours after damage and continued for 4 weeks. The remaining six dogs served as a control group. Left ventricular structure (mass and end diastolic volume) and systolic function (regional and global ejection fraction at rest and during afterload stress) were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging before damage and at the end of the 4-week period. After myocardial damage, left ventricular mass increased from 93.6 ± 4.0 to 107.5 ± 3.4 gm in the control group (P Conclusion: The increase in left ventricular mass noted after direct current shock was associated with the impairment of systolic function during afterload stress. Inhibition of this mass increase results in preservation of function, thus further supporting the concept that attenuation of ventricular remodeling should be a therapeutic goal.
Radioactive dating of the elements

The extent to which an accurate determination of the age of the Galaxy, and thus a lower bound on the age of the universe, can be obtained from radioactive dating is discussed. Emphasis is given to the use of the long-lived radioactive nuclei Re-187, Th-232, U-238, and U-235. The nature of the production sites of these and other potential Galactic chronometers is examined along with their production ratios. Age determinations from models of nucleocosmochronology are reviewed and compared with age determination from stellar sources and age constraints form cosmological considerations.
Caenorhabditis elegans β-G spectrin is dispensable for establishment of epithelial polarity, but essential for muscular and neuronal function.

The Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes one α spectrin subunit, a β spectrin subunit (β-G), and a β-H spectrin subunit. Our experiments show that the phenotype resulting from the loss of the C. elegans α spectrin is reproduced by tandem depletion of both β-G and β-H spectrins. We propose that α spectrin combines with the β-G and β-H subunits to form α/β-G and α/β-H heteromers that perform the entire repertoire of spectrin function in the nematode. The expression patterns of nematode β-G spectrin and vertebrate β spectrins exhibit three striking parallels including: (1) β spectrins are associated with the sites of cell–cell contact in epithelial tissues; (2) the highest levels of β-G spectrin occur in the nervous system; and (3) β spec-trin-G in striated muscle is associated with points of attachment of the myofilament apparatus to adjacent cells. Nematode β-G spectrin associates with plasma membranes at sites of cell–cell contact, beginning at the two-cell stage, and with a dramatic increase in intensity after gastrulation when most cell proliferation has been completed. Strikingly, depletion of nematode β-G spectrin by RNA-mediated interference to undetectable levels does not affect the establishment of structural and functional polarity in epidermis and intestine. Contrary to recent speculation, β-G spectrin is not associated with internal membranes and depletion of β-G spectrin was not associated with any detectable defects in secretion. Instead β-G spectrin-deficient nematodes arrest as early larvae with progressive defects in the musculature and nervous system. Therefore, C. elegans β-G spectrin is required for normal muscle and neuron function, but is dispensable for embryonic elongation and establishment of early epithelial polarity. We hypothesize that heteromeric spectrin evolved in metazoans in response to the needs of cells in the context of mechanically integrated tissues that can withstand the rigors imposed by an active organism.
Rectification with Intersecting Optical Axes for Stereoscopic Visualization

There exist various methods for stereoscopic viewing of images, most requiring some special glasses for controlling what goes to the left and the right eyes of the viewer. Recent technology developments have resulted in displays that enable 3D viewing without glasses. However, these displays demand a true stereo pair as the input, which greatly limits their practical use, as true stereoscopic media are scarce. In our recent work (Zhou and Li, 2006), we developed a systematic approach to automatic rectification of two images of the same scene captured by cameras at general positions, so that the results can be viewed on a 3D display. However, the approach cannot work well for large camera displacement (i.e., very wide baseline). In this paper, we propose a new rectification scheme to address this wise baseline rectification problem, with the basic idea of using a special stereo setup with intersecting optical axes. In a sense, the idea mimics human vision when viewing objects close to the eyes. Experiments with a 3D display demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach
Age-dependent reductions in A1 adenosine receptor expression in rat testes.

The rat testis expresses high levels of A1 adenosine receptors (A1 AR) that couple to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity. However, the physiological role of these receptors in the testis i...
A Novel Photonic Packet Switch with All-Optical Routing Control

A photonic packet switch having all-optical routing functionality is demonstrated. The device has the ability to self-route an incoming packet between two output ports depending on the presence or absence of a refer-ente wavelength in the packet. The underlying mechanism is the nearly-degenerate four-wave mixing (ND-FWM) interaction in a semiconductor gain medium. The implementation of the device in a broad-area trav-eling wave semiconductor optical amplifier shows a +8.2 dB switching efficiency and −28.8 dB crosstalk. The recognition bandwidth is as narrow as 0.03. A and the 3 dB switching bandwidth is 42 nm. We also obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio of 32.9 dB.
Laboratory Transmission of Brugia Pahangi by Nulliparous Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that ingested Brugia pahangi -infected blood in volumes too small to trigger oogenesis were allowed to feed on uninfected Clawed Jirds 10 days later. Microfilaremias were established in 4 out of 9 hosts, demonstrating that nulliparous Ae. aegypti cannot be discounted in the epidemiology of this mosquito-borne parasite. The relative size of the infective meal had no effect on the percentage of mosquitoes harboring 3rd-stage larvae, but mosquitoes taking replete meals had a greater number of larvae per female than mosquitoes ingesting smaller volumes that did not trigger oogenesis.
Activity of Obscure Root Weevil, Sciopithes obscurus (Coleoptera:Curculionidae), Phagostimulants Individually and in Combination

Obscure root weevil, Sciopithes obscurus Horn, phagostimulants, previously identified as components of extracts from Rhododendron leaves, were tested individually and in combination by using a membrane filter disc bioassay procedure. When sucrose and sitosterol were applied individually, a plateau in feeding was reached at the concentration found in Rhododendron leaves (area basis). Application of higher levels did not lead to significantly more feeding. With quercetin-3-galactoside, feeding was greatest on discs treated with a concentration comparable to that of Rhododendron leaves. There was less feeding with higher and lower levels. Weevils fed much more on filter discs bearing any two phagostimulants than on discs bearing only one phagostimulant. Discs treated with all three phagostimulants, at concentrations equivalent to those in Rhododendron leaves, were fed on more than were discs bearing only two phagostimulants.
Maintenance Phase Considerations for Onboard Flight Software Development

The Lunar Atmosphere Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission orbited the moon in order to measure the density, composition and time variability of the lunar dust environment. The successful mission launched Sept 7, 2013 and was de-orbited and impacted the moon's surface on April 17, 2014. The ground-side and onboard flight software for the mission was developed using a “Model-Based Software” methodology combined with strong reuse of Government and Commercial Off-The Shelf (G/COTS) components. Requirements set for LADEE’s avionics and software specified that the system software be configurable via tables, posses the capability to be patched, and have the capability for the spacecraft to be able to revert to previous software builds. Over the course of the mission, emergent behavior of the spacecraft as well as better understanding of the spacecraft’s behavior in the moon’s environment required software updates via all of these means. Software updates in the maintenance phase require the same rigorous development, validation and verification processes as in the development phase, but are conducted under “real-time” pressure due to the cadence of spacecraft mission operations. This paper will discuss the implication of maintenance phase activities on software and avionics design illustrated through events in the LADEE spacecraft mission timeline.
Direct resonance analysis and modeling for a turbulent boundary layer over a corrugated surface

Effects of surface corrugation on turbulent flow in a boundary layer are studied using a model based on the direct resonance theory. The induced mean flow due to weakly nonlinear waves, superimposed on the mean and fluctuating components of turbulence, is determined. The mean turbulent flow is affected by the surface corrugation throughout the boundary layer. The corrugated surface generates higher harmonics and affects the streamwise vortices generated by the waves superimposed on turbulence whose mean flow includes secondary induced mean flow components due to the corrugation.
COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHM FOR LONGSHORE ENERGY FLUX INCORPORATING FRICTION

The calculation of longshore sand transport on "beaches is a significant coastal engineering problem with application to various areas of coastal structure design (i.e., jetties, groins, and offshore "breakwaters), and inlet navigation channel design (i.e., studies of required maintenance dredging). Longshore sand transport as a first approximation is linearly related to longshore energy flux (see Bruno, et al. (1981)), hence, this paper simply presents a method for computing longshore energy flux as a means of determining longshore sand transport. The approach used herein for calculating longshore energy flux includes an analytical method for incorporating frictional wave energy dissipation. The method is simple enough to program on a hand-held programmable calculator. It therefore provides a method hy which rapid calculations can he made for a site at which offshore wave data exist. If offshore directional random wave data are available (i.e. directional wave spectra) then more advanced techniques should he used (see Walton and Dean (1981)).
Prediction of cassava potential productivity in Guangxi

The prediction of cassava planting area,per-unit area yield and total yield in Guangxi was conducted by using quantity analysis model.The cassava per-unit area yield and total yield potentiality GM(1,1) time series prediction model and planting area potentiality autoregression model were established based on the data of cassava planting area and yields obtained in Guangxi from 1985 to 2004.The results of agreement and accuracy test showed that the agreement index was above 0.85;the historical coincidence of the model reached 100%;the accuracy of cassava per-unit area yield model reached first grade while the accuracy of cassava planting area and total yield model was in second grade.Prediction results based on the established models indicated that the fresh cassava per-unit area yield was 21.46 t·hm-2 in 2005 and 22.45 t·hm-2 in 2006 in Guangxi.Correspondingly,the total yield was 5.8289 million tons in 2005 and 6.1737 million tons in 2006;the planting area was 262 thousand hm2 in 2005 and 270.9 thousand hm2 in 2006.
Evaluation of Landscape Ecological Potential of Land Use in Songnen High Plains:A Case Study of Bayan County,Helongjiang Province

This paper selected the typical area of Songnen High Plains-Bayan County as the study area.From the three aspects that have an impact on land use landscape ecological potential of structure stability,structure productivity and structure stress degree establish an evaluation index system.Using multi-source remote sensing data,GIS as a means,utilizing entropy method and comprehensive index evaluation model estimate the value of land use landscape ecological potential of Bayan County in 1986 and 2009.The results show that the study area of land use landscape ecological potential overall present an increasing trend.In 1986,the integrated values of land use landscape ecological potential is between 0.2 and 0.4,and belongs to grade Ⅱ in ecological potential class,land use landscape ecological potential is smaller;In 2009,the integrated values of land use landscape ecological potential is between 0.4 and 0.6,and belongs to gradeⅢin ecological potential class,land use landscape ecological potential is moderate.Structure stress degree is the primary factor for impacting land use landscape ecological potential,followed by structural productivity.The change of population density,land degradation index,the rate of ecological environmental protection investment,the rate of forest coverage,as well as climate production potential,labor density,the level of plowing,and the level of scientific and technological production is the prominent cause for impacting the land use landscape ecological potential size.
Ambulatory pH Monitoring Methodology

Twenty-four-hour ambulatory double-probe pH monitoring is the current "gold standard" for the evaluation of gastroesophageal and extraesophageal reflux. The following article seeks to characterize some of the areas of controversy and describes the methodology of ambulatory pH monitoring used at the Center for Voice Disorders of Wake Forest University.
Elemente der Wirksamkeit

Naturliche Menschen wollen stark sein, worin immer die Starke besteht. Diese pflegen sie zur Meisterschaft, als Unternehmer, Cowboy, Systemprogrammierer oder Don Juan. Klar haben sie nebenbei Schwachen! Wen interessiert das? Leider die richtigen Menschen, die das Fehlerlose fordern. Die naturlichen Menschen liefern etwas Starkes, mit Fehlern. Das ist ein ganz anderes Denksystem — oder eben kein System. Stellen wir die Sichten gegenuber!
The role of positron emission tomography in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia in women

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the number one cause of death in women, yet most women are unaware of their risk. Over the last decade, radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) has become a powerful tool for the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). This editorial viewpoint will review the maturing role of PET imaging in women, particularly as applied to the evaluation of ischemic heart disease. Specifically, we focus on distinct advantages offered by PET imaging in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia in women: (1) improved diagnostic accuracy, including in the presence of breast or adipose tissue and small left ventricular cavity size, (2) decreased radiation exposure through the use of short-lived radiopharmaceuticals, and (3) the ability to quantify myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve to diagnose ischemia, even in the absence of obstructive CAD. As such, cardiac PET perfusion imaging stands to play a unique role in defining the diagnosis and prognosis of women with ischemic heart disease, while also guiding new treatment strategies for their more prevalent cardiovascular disease phenotypes.
High Altitude Is an Independent Risk Factor for Postoperative Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism After Knee Arthroscopy: A Matched Case-Control Study of Medicare Patients.

Purpose To use a national database of Medicare patients to evaluate the association of uncomplicated knee arthroscopy performed at high altitude with the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods The 100% Medicare Standard Analytical File database was queried for all patients undergoing isolated arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and/or chondroplasty from 2005-2012. Patients with more complex open or additional arthroscopic knee procedures, a personal history of VTE, or any hypercoagulable state were excluded. The result of this query was then stratified by the altitude of the hospital ZIP code in which the procedure was performed. The appropriate patients were placed into a high-altitude group (≥4,000 ft) and matched to patients who underwent the same procedures at an altitude less than or equal to 100 ft on the basis of age, sex, and medical comorbidities. The rate of VTE was then assessed for both the high-altitude and matched low-altitude patients within 30 days and 90 days postoperatively. Results The rate of combined VTE (deep venous thrombosis [DVT] and/or pulmonary embolism [PE]) (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; P = .0003), the rate of PE (OR, 2.5; P = .0099), and the rate of DVT (OR, 1.7; P = .0066) within 30 days were all significantly higher in patients with procedures performed at high altitude compared with matched patients with the same procedures performed at low altitude. At 90 days postoperatively, similarly elevated risks of VTE, PE, and DVT were found in patients with procedures performed at high altitude. Conclusions In this study of knee arthroscopy in Medicare patients, a procedure performed at an altitude ≥4,000 ft was a significant risk factor for the development of postoperative VTE compared with matched patients undergoing the same procedure at an altitude less than or equal to 100 ft. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective case-control study.
Dynamics of Institutional Proliferation in Financing for Development: The birth of the AIIB

Using the case of the newly launched Asian Infrastructure and Investment Bank (AIIB), this article aims to uncover possible dynamics driving institutional proliferation in the global development landscape. These dynamics include the Global South’s growing desire to participate in international financial management, the existing finance gap requiring a multilateral solution in the face of market failures, the demand for more effective development institutions, the need to deal with massive infrastructural challenges, and supplier countries’ potential pursuit of their national interests over development institutions. The article also explores policy implications of these dynamics in terms of the global development regime.
Innovation as Determinants of Economic Growth in U.S. Counties

Although innovation has long been considered a key driver of economic growth, no commonly accepted standard exists by which to measure innovative activities. Therefore, this article adopted a comprehensive variable, Innovation Index 2.0, which includes most previously used measurements of innovative activities in the literature. By using this index and its sub-indexes, we are able to thoroughly examine how they are connected to total personal income and population growth as proxies of economic growth. Another contribution of this article is that it focuses on smaller economic entities, U.S. counties, which have not been popularly studied in the literature. The regression results show that innovation as well as most of its related measures contribute to U.S. counties’ income and population growth rates
Areawide population dynamics of silverleaf whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoids in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

The population dynamics of the silverleaf whitefly (SLWF), Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring (=sweetpotato whitefly, B. tabaci Biotype “B”, [Gennadius]), and its endemic parasitoids (mostly Encarsia spp. [Aphelinidae]) were monitored in a heterogeneous cropping area, consisting of cotton, cantaloupe and kenaf (tall fiber crop). To assess the suitability of the whitefly for areawide pest management, we compared estimates of population densities using different sampling methods and determined the effects of agronomic practices on the whitefly and parasitoid populations. There was no correlation between adult SLWF estimates using sticky traps and those counted directly on the leaves. However, counts of immatures using disk subsamples were found to be good predictors of whole leaf counts. SLWF counts were low in cotton, until the harvest period of cantaloupes, which may have triggered migration from cantaloupe to cotton. The determinants of emigration from cotton were less clear. High numbers of adults...
Henry’s Constants of Persistent Organic Pollutants by a Group-Contribution Method Based on Scaled-Particle Theory

A group-contribution method based on scaled-particle theory was developed to predict Henry's constants for six families of persistent organic pollutants: polychlorinated benzenes, polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated naphthalenes, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. The group-contribution model uses limited experimental data to obtain group-interaction parameters for an easy-to-use method to predict Henry's constants for systems where reliable experimental data are scarce. By using group-interaction parameters obtained from data reduction, scaled-particle theory gives the partial molar Gibbs energy of dissolution, Δg2, allowing calculation of Henry's constant, H2, for more than 700 organic pollutants. The average deviation between predicted values of log H2 and experiment is 4%. Application of an approximate van't Hoff equation gives the temperature dependence of Henry's constants for polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated naphthalenes, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environmentally relevant range 0-40 °C.
Attraction, Participation and Retention in Online Groups: An Ecological Perspective

In this paper, I draw from theories of organizational ecology and theories of user participation to explain how overlapping membership of online communities affects attraction, participation and lo...
Applying a heuristic-based scheduling framework in manufacturing, service, and communication domains

The work presented in this paper describes an intelligent scheduling software framework that utilizes domain-specific heuristics. The customizability of the framework and heuristics allows the software to develop a valid schedule that reflects each domain's specific preferences and constraints. Four distinct examples of this are presented in the areas of prototype vehicle testing, pharmaceutical packaging, mortgage audit scheduling, and satellite communication. In each example, the software solves a complex scheduling problem in less than five minutes and produces a schedule that is significantly better than those reached by previous methods. The primary contribution of this brief is describing how the customization of a general scheduling framework quickly generates solutions for specialized and highly constrained problems in a variety of domains.
Breakout Session: Empowering Fair Use Decisions in Higher Education: Developing Copyright Instruction for 90 Minutes or Less. Presented by Ben Harnke, Education & Reference Librarian, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library, John Jones, Instruction & Curriculum Librarian, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library, and Meghan Damour, Reference Intern, the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Health Sciences Library.

The presenters shared their experiences and strategies for effective fair use instruction for researchers and faculty members at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. The session featured multiple discussion prompts, in order to allow for audience participation. Specific themes and practical tips about fair use instruction included obstacles and challenges, developing the fair use class session, and planning and logistics. Links to supplementary presentation material and tools are provided.
Implementing webIDs + biometrics

In this paper, our main focus will be on the integration of WebIDs and biometrics. biometrics is the process of utilizing a user's physical characteristics to identify them. There are three types of authentication. Knowledge-based authentication, based on the user's knowledge, is where the user will use a pin number or a password to gain access. Token-based authentication uses some form of physical identification to verify the user. The final form of authentication is biometric-based authentication. Genetic and Evolutionary Feature Extraction (GEFE) is a feature extraction technique that can be used to evolve local binary pattern (LBP) based feature extractors that are disposable for users of biometric-based authentication systems. LBP compares intensity values of a pixel in a group of pixels to form a texture pattern. Each of these segmented regions has its own histogram that stores the frequency of these unique texture patterns that occur in a region. GEFE is an instance of a genetic and evolutionary computation (GEC). A WebID is a uniform resource identifier (URI) that represents some agent, such as a person, organization, group, or device. A URI is a sequence of characters that identifies a logical or physical resource. Many services that require any type of authentication rely on centralized systems. This means that users are forced to have a different account and identifier for each service they are using. For every service, a new registration needs to be created, which can be a burden on both the user and the service. A WebID will represent a user's WebID profile. A user's WebID profile contains a set of relations that describe the user. When the user's profile is de-referenced, it will resolve to their profile document with structured data in RDF. WebIDs provide a relatively simple and safe alternative to traditional username/password user verification. However, they can still be compromised if an attacker gains direct access to a user's computer, or if the user's unique certificate is stolen. Adding biometrics to the authentication process can help solve this issue since biometric data (e.g., fingerprints, iris scans) is unique and not easily duplicated. If a biometric element can be added to WebID profiles, then users could be verified through both their WebID and biometric authentication. We are implementing a method of user verification that is convenient, widely applicable via the Internet, and protected against intrusion. Traditionally, sites store user log-in information on their own servers.
Recovery, Inc., as an adjunct to treatment in an era of managed care.

As capitation increasingly limits professional mental health services, self-help organizations may play an expanding role. Recovery, Incorporated, is an internationally active mental health self-help organization developed in the late 1930s by Abraham A. Low, M.D. The author reviews concepts about mental illness and health developed since Low's time, such as locus of control, learned helplessness, defense theory, and Antonovsky's salutogenic model. He describes how these concepts support many of the principles developed by Low, in particular the idea that optimal health is achieved when a person assumes responsibility for his or her failure or success. In the structured format that Low designed for Recovery, Inc., meetings, members learn to identify self-defeating and illness-promoting thoughts and impulses and counter them with self-endorsing thoughts and wellness-promoting actions. The author suggests that professionals should become familiar with self-help organizations in their communities, promote relevant research, and facilitate referral to these groups.
Active simulation of passive filters

In addition to the methods presented in Chapter 11 for realizing high-order active filters, there is another entirely different approach to the same end. This other approach is to take a passive filter and simulate it by means of active devices and circuits. We shall devote this chapter to techniques in and examples of this approach.
The Historical-Clinic Chart Study

Concern about the family throughout the century, culminating in the crisis in the family in the 1980s, prompted us to conduct a review of records of children seen at our Bingham Child Guidance Clinic since the early 1920s. We thought that information about the children’s sociodemographic characteristics and presenting problems and about their families’ (and especially their parents’) problems over most of this century would enlarge our historical perspective and add a clinical component to our extensive literature reviews and epidemiological study. We were particularly interested in change in the family over time. Therefore, we reviewed a random sample of records of children seen at the clinic from 1923 to 1988 to determine possible changes in children’s and families’ presenting problems and in family factors that influenced the children over the greater part of this century.
Mandarin Chinese tone nucleus detection with landmarks.

This paper discusses a new approach to improve tone recognition by modeling the tone nucleus with vowel landmark detection. The tone nucleus region is identified based on vowel landmark frames derived by an automatic landmark recognition system. In the corresponding tone recognition experiments, the best results with landmark-based tone nucleus regions outperform the best baseline system results by more than 6%. Moreover, in an exploratory experiment, the tone recognition accuracy using tone nucleus regions based only on vowel landmark evidence shows less than 2% degradation relative to the accuracy obtained using both landmark frames and force-aligned vowel boundary information. These findings further demonstrate the potential to perform tone recognition based on landmark detection alone, without full speech recognition or aligned transcriptions.
Intervention Models for Increasing Access to Behavioral Health Services Among Youth: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT:Objective:The purpose of this systematic literature review is to examine interventions designed to improve access to behavioral health services among youth in the United States and to identify how the concept of access to health care has been measured and conceptualized in these studies.Met
The Role of Content Knowledge in Mathematics Teacher Preparation: A Study of Traditional and Alternative Teacher Preparation in Texas:

Employing data from a stratified random survey of newly certified teachers in Texas, we compare the mathematical content preparation of traditional teacher program graduates with graduates of alter...
Cycle-GANs for Domain Adaptation of Acoustic Features for Speaker Recognition

It is well known that domain mismatch between the training and evaluation data hinders the performance of any machine learning system. Various factors contribute to domain mismatch. In speaker recognition systems, it mainly occurs due to the mismatch in recording conditions and language. Most speaker recognition corpora are telephone speech. Meanwhile, a few evaluation data sets like Speakers In The Wild (SITW) are microphone speech. In this work, we explore domain adaptation at acoustic feature level by learning feature mappings between domains using cycle consistent generative adversarial networks (cycle-GANs), without any parallel data between domains. Microphone features mapped to telephone domain are used to evaluate speaker recognition system trained only on telephone data. We achieved 9.37% and 2.82% relative improvement in equal error rate (EER) and detection cost function (DCF) on SITW eval set.
Syntheses of fluorinated phencyclidine analogs

Abstract Syntheses of several fluorinated phencyclidine (PCP) analogs are described. These compounds are being used to probe PCP binding sites on N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The compounds were prepared in good yields by Grignard reaction of appropriate fluorine substituted bromobenzene with carbonitrile intermediates. Syntheses of the known compound 1-[1-(3-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine, and the novel compounds 1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine, 1-[1-(3-fluorophenyl) cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine, and 1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine are reported.
Comparative Genomics of Wild Bee and Flower Isolated Lactobacillus Reveals Potential Adaptation to the Bee Host

Symbiosis with bacteria is common across insects, resulting in adaptive host phenotypes. The recently described bacterial symbionts Lactobacillus micheneri, Lactobacillus timberlakei, and Lactobacillus quenuiae are found in wild bee pollen provisions, bee guts, and flowers but have small genomes in comparison to other lactobacilli. We sequenced, assembled, and analyzed 27 new L. micheneri clade genomes to identify their possible ecological functions in flower and bee hosts. We determined possible key functions for the L. micheneri clade by identifying genes under positive selection, balancing selection, genes gained or lost, and population structure. A host adherence factor shows signatures of positive selection, whereas other orthologous copies are variable within the L. micheneri clade. The host adherence factors serve as strong evidence that these lactobacilli are adapted to animal hosts as their targets are found in the digestive tract of insects. Next, the L. micheneri clade is adapted toward a nutrient-rich environment, corroborating observations of where L. micheneri is most abundant. Additionally, genes involved in osmotolerance, pH tolerance, temperature resistance, detoxification, and oxidative stress response show signatures of selection that allow these bacteria to thrive in pollen and nectar masses in bee nests and in the bee gut. Altogether, these findings not only suggest that the L. micheneri clade is primarily adapted to the wild bee gut but also exhibit genomic features that would be beneficial to survival in flowers.
Early history of the Cosmotron and AGS at Brookhaven

A brief history is given of events leading up to the construction of the AGS and Cosmotron. (GHT)
Adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer.

The search for effective adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer has been long and, until recently, largely unrewarding. Surgery alone is inadequate therapy in as many as 5 0 % of patients. But recent studies demonstrate significant improvement in disease-free survival and overall survival for patients with advanced colon and rectal cancer who receive adjuvant therapy. Postoperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil and levamisole is the standard of care for patients with stage III colon cancer, and postoperative high-dose pelvic radiation combined with fluorouracil is the standard regimen for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer.
Immunochemical analysis of various foods and food ingredients for detectable gluten content

Abstract Rationale To reduce the risk for wheat-allergic and celiac patients while allowing them the maximum number of food products in their diet, determining the presence of wheat gluten in non-wheat-containing, "wheat-free", "gluten-free" foods/ingredients is necessary. Methods A commercially-available wheat gluten immunoassay kit (lower detection limit is 10 ppm gluten) was used to test a variety of foods. Food samples tested included various non-wheat foods at high risk for cross-contamination with wheat, foods labeled "wheat-free" or "gluten-free", and foods or ingredients commonly avoided by celiac and wheat-allergic patients that originate from wheat or related cereals, but which have questionable gluten content. At least two different lot numbers of each product were tested. Results Most products with questionable wheat content registered below 10 ppm gluten. Food products labeled as wheat or gluten "free" showed levels ranging from 10 ppm to 277 ppm. Malt syrup and extracts registered between 1800 ppm to 2000 ppm gluten. Wheat starches had gluten content ranging from 10 ppm to >5000 ppm. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, distilled products can likely be ingested by celiac patients without problem. Gums are expected to be safe as well. Wheat starches contain varying levels of gluten. It is not recommended that celiac patients consume wheat starches. Malt syrup and extracts had appreciable amounts of gluten and should not be considered safe for celiac patients. Caution must be taken when choosing and consuming food products labeled "wheat-free" or "gluten-free", as some can contain appreciable amounts of gluten
Matrix Rigidity Controls Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity and Tumor Metastasis via a Mechanoresponsive EPHA2/LYN Complex.

Mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate various cellular processes via distinct mechanotransduction pathways. In breast cancer, increased ECM stiffness promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell invasion, and metastasis. Here, we identify a mechanosensitive EPHA2/LYN protein complex regulating EMT and metastasis in response to increasing ECM stiffness during tumor progression. High ECM stiffness leads to ligand-independent phosphorylation of ephrin receptor EPHA2, which recruits and activates the LYN kinase. LYN phosphorylates the EMT transcription factor TWIST1 to release TWIST1 from its cytoplasmic anchor G3BP2 to enter the nucleus, thus triggering EMT and invasion. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of this pathway prevents breast tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo. In human breast cancer samples, activation of this pathway correlates with collagen fiber alignment, a marker of increasing ECM stiffness. Our findings reveal an EPHA2/LYN/TWIST1 mechanotransduction pathway that responds to mechanical signals from the tumor microenvironment to drive EMT, invasion, and metastasis.
Understanding the impact of controlled oxygen delivery to 3D cancer cell culture

Abstract It is widely recognized that there is a significant mismatch between oxygen levels in cancer cell culture performed in room air (pO2~160 mmHg) and those in solid tumors (pO2~10 mmHg). This discrepancy is understood to be problematic, with extensive scientific literature identifying hypoxia and oxygen concentration as key factors that can compromise treatment and drive tumor malignancy. In order to improve the physiological relevance of cancer cell culture, many researchers have used hypoxia chambers to reduce the oxygen concentration above the culture media. This simple approach can effectively control oxygenation of two-dimensional cultures, although transients are introduced when chambers are opened for media changes or measurements, and the balance between oxygen transport through the media and consumption by the cells depends on the mechanical environment and the cell lines used. However, controlling oxygen delivery to three-dimensional (3D) cultures is more difficult, as purely diffusive transport of oxygen in aqueous media is relatively slow, leading to large oxygen gradients over lengths of a few hundred microns. Although these large gradients may be desirable for some experiments, quantification, reproducibility, and matching them to in vivo conditions is still a work in progress. In many other cases, researchers may wish to replicate more physiological oxygen levels, but techniques to replicate the in vivo oxygen microenvironment for extended 3D volumes in vitro are limited. In this chapter, we first provide an overview of current knowledge regarding oxygen distribution in vivo and the impact of oxygen levels on cellular behavior. We then discuss methods for measuring oxygen levels, and finally give an overview and some examples of state-of-the-art techniques currently in use to replicate in vivo conditions within cell culture. We hope this chapter will help to further continued innovation of cancer cell culture, particularly toward study in more physiologically relevant conditions.
Shaking up topology with light.

A light-induced topological phase transition is realized in the Dirac semimetal ZrTe5 by coherently driving symmetry-breaking phonons.
Introduction of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Early Embryos Causes Reprogramming and (Con)fusion

The reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei to achieve pluripotency is one of the most important biological discoveries of the last few decades [...].
Influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gases on the propensity for nocturnal cold-air drainage

Cold-air drainage and pooling can have wide-ranging impacts, including affecting ecosystem processes and agricultural crops, and contributing to decreased air quality associated with temperature inversions. Future climate changes may alter both the frequency and intensity of cold-air drainage. This study estimates the response of nocturnal cold-air drainage to warming resulting from anthropogenic greenhouse gases, specifically CO2, considering radiative and thermodynamic effects but not changes in background air flow (dynamic effects). A simple index is proposed to represent the propensity for clear-sky nocturnal cold-air drainage as a function of air temperature and humidity near dusk. Decreases in this index with increasing atmospheric emissivity due to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gase concentrations imply a weakening of cold-air drainage. The magnitude of the decrease in the index is positively related to the initial background temperature and humidity: Warm regions are more sensitive than cold regions, and humid regions are more sensitive than dry regions, implying that warm and/or humid regions are more at risk of decreases in cold-air drainage. Under atmospheric CO2 concentrations consistent with Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5, the magnitude of decrease in the index indicates that nocturnal cold-air drainage intensity may decline by at least 10% by 2100 CE (compared to 1979–1990) with larger decreases in warm and humid regimes. The index should be tested with intentionally designed field or lab experiments, and the relative effects on cold-air drainage of changes in radiative, sensible, and latent heat fluxes, and atmospheric circulation, should be compared.
PV Evolution in the light of Circular Economy

As photovoltaic (PV) deployments increase, the increasing material volume presents challenges throughout the supply chain and eventual end-of-life waste management. Quantifying the value of lifetime, reliability, repair, reuse, recycling, and other options to increase circularity can help identify and prioritize research and technical solutions required to integrate PV into the circular economy. In this work, we capture the evolution of PV module technology, such as improved reliability and increasing market share of glass/glass modules. We discuss material circularity, lifetime and reliability, and energy return on investment as quantitative metrics to define and evaluate circularity and sustainability.
Exploration of pharmacist comfort with harm reduction behaviors: Cross-sectional latent class analysis.

Abstract Background Pharmacists are positioned to play important roles in implementing evidence-based prevention and harm reduction approaches for opioid misuse and related health care outcomes such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C. More research is needed to understand how best to facilitate harm reduction practices among pharmacists. Objectives This hypothesis-generating study investigated (1) whether subgroups (latent classes) were observable among pharmacists based on self-reported comfort with specific harm reduction behaviors, (2) whether having reported expertise in key content areas was associated with any latent classes that might be identified, and (3) whether comfort and training were associated with actually having dispensed syringes for likely nonprescription drug use. Methods This was a statewide census of community managing pharmacists in Arizona conducted from December 2018 to May 2019. Participants reported their degree of comfort with 10 harm reduction behaviors, their expertise (e.g., recent continuing pharmacy education or specialization) in selected content areas, and their syringe dispensing behavior. Additional sociodemographic information was also collected. Subgroups related to harm reduction were computed using latent class analysis, and associations between study variables were assessed using the Fisher's exact tests. Results Data suggested the existence of 4 latent, comfort-based harm reduction classes: high comfort, moderate comfort, and clinical comfort, and opioid prevention only. Reported expertise in pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV was likely associated with harm reduction class. However, class membership was not associated with reporting having dispensed nonprescription syringes, although the single comfort item for syringe dispensing, by itself, was associated therewith. Conclusion Comfort with harm reduction likely clusters, so pharmacists may be broadly comfortable with topics or methods of harm reduction; however, comfort with a specific harm reduction pharmacy practice may be a better predictor of engaging in that behavior than harm reduction comfort class. In contrast, strategies to improve comfort, such as intervention development, might successfully be informed by pharmacists’ latent class.
The Business Value of Knowledge Management

Knowledge has been recognized as a critical competitive asset and research about knowledge management (KM) has received increasing attention. However, knowledge has also been viewed not only as an asset, but as a process that includes acquiring, organizing, and communicating the knowledge of organizational members. Additionally, organizational culture has been shown to influence the behaviors central to knowledge creation and transfer, and therefore it is proposed that these two contextual factors will have a positive relationship to business value. Using a survey of IT executives, this study empirically tests these relationships and shows a significant relationship exists between KM process implementation and business value as well as between organizational culture and business value. Practical and research implications are discussed.
Transcription control of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase and adjacent genes in Anabaena species.

Abstract The gene encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) activase (rca) was uniformly localized downstream from the genes encoding the large and small subunits of RubisCO (rbcL and rbcS) in three strains of Anabaena species. However, two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2), situated between rbcS and rca in Anabaena sp. strain CA, were not found in the intergenic region of Anabaena variabilis and Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. During autotrophic growth of Anabaena cells, rca and rbc transcripts accumulated in the light and diminished in the dark; light-dependent expression of these genes was not affected by the nitrogen source and the concentration of exogenous CO2 supplied to the cells. When grown on fructose, rca- and rbc-specific transcripts accumulated in A. variabilis regardless of whether the cells were illuminated. Transcript levels, however, were much lower in dark-grown heterotrophic cultures than in photoheterotrophic cultures. In photoheterotrophic cultures, the expression of the rca and rbc genes was similar to that in cultures grown with CO2 as the sole source of carbon. Although the rbcL-rbcS and rca genes are linked and are in the same transcriptional orientation in Anabaena strains, hybridization of rbc and rca to distinct transcripts suggested that these genes are not cotranscribed, consistent with the results of primer extension and secondary structure analysis of the nucleotide sequence. Transcription from ORF1 and ORF2 was not detected under the conditions examined, and the function of these putative genes remains unknown.