cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcium- and Cobalt-Doped Yttrium Chromites as an Interconnect Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

The structural, thermal and electrical characteristics of calcium- and cobalt-doped yttrium chromites were studied for a potential use as the interconnect material in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) as well as other high temperature electrochemical and thermoelectric devices. The Y0.8Ca0.2Cr1-xCoxO3±δ (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) compositions had single phase orthorhombic perovskite structures in the wide range of oxygen pressures. Sintering behavior was remarkably enhanced upon cobalt doping and densities 95% and 97% of theoretical density were obtained after sintering at 1300oC in air, when x was 0.2 and 0.3, respectively. The electrical conductivity in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres was significantly improved with cobalt content, and values of 49 and 10 S/cm at 850oC and 55 and 14 S/cm at 950oC in air and forming gas, respectively, were reported for x=0.2. The conductivity increase was attributed to the charge carrier density increase upon cobalt substitution for chromium confirmed with Seebeck measurements. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) was increased with cobalt content and closely matched to that of an 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte for 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.2. The chemical compatibility between Y0.8Ca0.2Cr1-xCoxO3±δ and YSZ was evaluated firing the two at 1400oC and no reaction products weremore » found if x value was kept lower than 0.2.« less
Remembering Elizabeth Inchbald’s The Massacre: Romantic cosmopolitanism, sectarian history, and religious difference

This essay argues that Elizabeth Inchbald’s tragedy, The Massacre (1793), depicts the sufferings of the French, predominately Catholic, emigres through a historical lens in order to dramatize the politics of memory underlying Romantic‐period sectarian conflicts. Using the dramaturgical technique of the tableau vivant and figuring the stage as a school for transnational sympathy, Inchbald contributes to what Paul Gilroy has called a culture of “cosmopolitan conviviality” that forms community without effacing difference or forgetting the victims of history.
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in human and animal dental pulp

Abstract The activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, scavenger of the superoxide anion (O 2 dot − ), was assayed in the normal dental pulp of man, dog, rabbit and pig. Very low levels of Cu-Zn-containing superoxide dismutase found in the pulpal tissue investigated support the hypothesis of a relationship between the reactivity of the dental pulp to inflammatory processes and a low protection against oxy-radicals.
Erbium(III) complexation with bromide and iodide ions in aqueous methanol

Abstract The association reactions of Er(III) with Br − and I − have been investigated as a function of solvent composition in aqueous methanol at 25°C using ultrasonic absorption techniques. A change in solvation number for the inner-sphere complexes occurs as water is added to the methanol solutions. At 25°C and water mole fraction of 0.229, the ErBr 2+ complex formation rate constant equals 9.4 × 10 6 sec −1 .
Aberrant dentate gyrus cytoarchitecture and fiber lamination in Lis1 mutant mice.

Mutant mice with a heterozygous deletion of LIS1, show varying degrees of hippocampal abnormality and enhanced excitability. To examine how LIS1 affects cytoarchitecture and fiber lamination in dentate gyrus (DG), we performed a series of immunohistochemistry studies. By using different neuronal- and glial-specific antibodies, we found that the majority of hippocampal cell populations were affected by heterozygous mutation of LIS1; some reelin-positive Cajal-Retzius cells were left undisturbed. Granule cell dispersion was significant in hippocampal sections from Lis1-deficient mice. However, the fiber termination of commissural/associational fibers and mossy fibers appeared relatively compact despite obvious granule cell dispersion and CA1-CA3 pyramidal cell disorganization. vGlut1-immunoreactive axon terminals were found aberrantly traversing the dispersed granule cell layer. Consistent with previous observations, we also found that immature granule cells in Lis1 mutants, here stained with antibodies to doublecortin (DCX) and Mash-1, are aberrantly located and bear an abnormal cellular morphology. Our findings suggest that LIS1 mutants exhibit abnormal cell positioning and aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis, but maintain relatively normal fiber termination patterns. The functional consequences of hippocampal granule cell dispersion could offer critical insight to the epileptic and cognitive disorder associated with LIS1 haploinsufficiency. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Propranolol in the prevention of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis undergoing endoscopic sclerotherapy. A randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible value of continuous administration of propranolol in the prevention of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis undergoing chronic endoscopic sclerotherapy. Among 239 patients admitted for acute variceal bleeding, 85 with cirrhosis were randomized to receive sclerotherapy either alone (40) or in combination with propranolol (45). Sclerotherapy was carried out with an intravariceal injection of 5% ethanolamine oleate through a fiberoptic endoscope. The procedure was performed every week, until the esophageal varices at the gastroesophageal junction were too small for any further injections. Varices were reinjected if they recurred. Propranolol was given orally twice a day until heart rate was reduced by 25% in the resting position. The mean follow-up period was 23.2 and 24.2 months for sclerotherapy and the sclerotherapy plus propranolol groups, respectively. During this period a significant (P = 0.001) reduction in the recurrence of esophageal varices was observed in patients treated with the combination of sclerotherapy plus propranolol compared with those treated with sclerotherapy alone. However, the time of rebleeding from any source or from esophageal varices did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the sclerotherapy group 21 patients rebled (35 bleeding episodes) compared with 14 (22 episodes) in the combination therapy group. Patients in the sclerotherapy group were more prone to bleed from gastric varices and congestive gastropathy than patients treated with the combination of sclerotherapy plus propranolol (P = 0.012). Twenty-five patients in the endoscopic sclerotherapy group developed complications attributed to sclerotherapy compared with 23 patients in the sclerotherapy plus propranolol group. Complications directly attributable to propanolol were observed in 11 patients. Three of these patients stopped taking the drug due to heart failure (1) and flapping tremor (2). Eight patients (17.8%) died in the latter group while the corresponding figure in the sclerotherapy group was nine (22.5%). It is concluded that the continuous administration of propranolol may reduce incidences of recurrent upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage from gastric sources in patients with cirrhosis undergoing chronic sclerotherapy.
Impact vaporization of planetesimal cores in the late stages of planet formation

Differentiated planetesimals may have delivered iron-rich material to Earth in giant impacts at the end of accretion. Impact experiments suggest that the planetesimals’ iron cores vaporized, aiding dispersal and mixing into Earth’s mantle.
The effect of steroids on gentamicin delivery to brain after blood-brain barrier disruption

✓ Osmotic modification of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides an experimental model of vasogenic edema, is totally reversible, and does not cause any structural damage. In the present communication, the effect of corticosteroids on drug delivery to normal rat brain was evaluated in this model. Intraperitoneal dexamethasone was administered at doses ranging from 12 to 48 mg/sq m for 3 days; gentamicin delivery to the brain was then evaluated after either intravenous or intracarotid administration in both control and BBB-modified animals. Only animals receiving the highest dose of dexamethasone and in which the gentamicin was given intravenously demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in drug delivery. The effect of dexamethasone over a wide range of dosages, therefore, exhibited only modest effects on drug delivery to normal brain after osmotic BBB disruption.
Accurate measurements of mean inner potential of crystal wedges using digital electron holograms

Abstract The mean inner potential of a solid is a fundamental property of the material and depends on both composition and structure. By using cleaved crystal wedges of known angle, combined with dogital recording of off-axis electron holograms and with theoretical calculations of dynamical effects, the mean inner potential of Si (9.26±0.08 V), MgO (13.01±0.08 V), GaAs (14.53±0.17 V) and PbS (17.19±0.12 V) is measured with high accuracy of about 1%. Dynamical contributions to the phase of the transmitted beam are found by Bloch wave calculations to be less than 5% when the crystal wedges are titled away from zone-axis orientations and from major Kikuchi bands. The accuracy of the present method is a factor of 3 better than previously achieved by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and electron interferometry. The major causes of uncertainty were specimen imperfections and errors in phase measurement and magnification calibration.
Sustainable Practices in Mentoring: Tools to Support Child Outcomes and a Mentoring Protocol in Early Literacy

Preschool classrooms generate a host of data that can be used to inform program improvement. This article suggests ways to document child-level data and mentoring protocols in a way that makes the information usable to teachers and can positively influence child outcomes.
Repeated neurovascular imaging in subarachnoid hemorrhage when initial studies are negative

Approximately 15% of patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage have no causative lesion identified on their initial angiogram. We present two patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with negative initial angiograms who were subsequently found to have small basilar perforator aneurysms on delayed neurovascular imaging. We discuss the possible mechanisms for false negative diagnostic cerebral angiograms. These patients support the current standard of care with repeat angiography in cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage when no causative lesion can be identified on initial neurovascular imaging.
Stochastic Processes and the Guttman Simplex.

The problem of whether a precise connection exists between stochastic processes of the type considered in mathematical learning theory and the Guttman simplex is investigated. The approach is to consider a class of models that characterize the sequential properties of discrete data, and to derive a set of conditions which a model must satisfy in order to generate inter-trial correlationsrij with the ‘perfect simplex’ property:rik=rijrjk for all trialsi<j<k. It is shown that the Chapman-Kolomogorov Equations provide a necessary and sufficient condition for this property to hold. It follows that a process which is Markovian in the errors and successes will have this property. It is also shown that, if certain reliability assumptions are introduced, then the all-or-none model has the simplex property if the appropriate correlation coefficients are corrected for attenuation.
A Functional Link between N-Linked Glycosylation and Apoptosis in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells☆☆☆

Abstract Seven different Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants, isolated in different ways and having biochemical defects that were expressed at 34°C, were found to be temperature sensitive for growth at 40.5°C. Six of the mutants had five different lesions in N-linked glycosylation; two mutants were in the same complementation group. The temperature-sensitive phenotype in three mutants appeared by cell fusion studies to be linked to the glycosylation phenotype. In some of the glycosylation mutants [B4-2-1 (Lec15.1), Lec9, Lec1, and Lec24], but not in all of them (MI5-4 and MI8-5), incubation at 40.5°C induced apoptosis, as determined by appearance of DNA fragmentation. Tunicamycin (TM) also induced apoptosis in both parental and Lec9 cells. There was a direct correlation between inhibition of glycosylation by TM treatment and induction of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis by TM was inhibited by cycloheximide. These studies suggest that specific alterations in N-linked glycosylation in CHO cells are endogenous inducers of apoptosis.
Luminescence centers in quartz

Abstract The luminescence and thermoluminescence, induced by vacuum ultraviolet radiation, showed a main excitation maximum at 127 nm. The PL emission bands at 355, 380 and 440 nm showed different dependences on excitation temperature and are attributed to different processes. The same bands appeared also in the beta and x-excited luminescence and thermoluminescence.
Visualization and grading of regional ischemia in pigs in vivo using near-infrared and thermal imaging.

Reductions in regional coronary flow result in tissue deoxygenation and decrease in surface temperature, changes detectable by near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) and thermal imaging, respectively. In anesthetized open-chest pigs, an inflatable occluder and flow probe were placed around the left anterior descending artery. Gated NIRS and nongated thermal images were acquired at baseline, partial (17% and 50%), and complete occlusion and reflow. At each step, dobutamine was infused (10 μg·min–1·kg–1) for 7–9 min to increase blood pressure and flow. Changes in the oxygen saturation parameter, rate of indocyanine green flow tracer passage, and the surface temperature were correlated with the measured left anterior descending artery flow. Location and sizes of the areas of reduced oxygenation, indocyanine green uptake, and temperature were similar. Decrease in the coronary flow to 50% and 17% of baseline resulted in progressive decrease in the above parameters, whereas increase in flow from 75% to ~250% achiev...
Garrett James Hardin: Ecologist, educator, ethicist and environmentalist

This is the conclusion that Professor Hardin reached in his now classic 1968 "Tragedy of the Commons" presidential address at the meeting of the Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci ence. What led Dr. Hardin to reject the traditional scientific belief that the population problem, like all problems, has a strictly technical solution? What is it about political systems for distributing the benefits and costs of using resources that can and frequently has led to ecological and thus human tragedy? What extension in morality does Garrett Hardin consider to be necessary if we are to minimize such tragic outcomes in the future? It is appropriate that we honor Garrett James Hardin on his 75th birth day by reviewing the ecological problems with which he has grappled over so much of his lifetime. We will spend some time analyzing the important intellectual journey that led him to develop and advocate the logic he used in his 1968 paper, "Tragedy of the Commons," continuing unto his subse quent efforts to more completely develop the logic for the ecological ethics that we human beings need if we are to "survive with dignity."
Multiple lobster tubulin isoforms are encoded by a simple gene family.

Abstract Microtubule proteins isolated from pleopod tegumental gland (PTG) tissue of the American lobster, Homarus americanus, reveal a complex tubulin (Tub) profile. To determine whether Tub heterogeneity in PTG is due to expression of a large tub gene family or the result of post-translational modification, a PTG cDNA library was constructed. Clones coding for both α- and β-Tub were isolated, sequenced and found to contain open reading frames (ORFs) of 451 amino acids (aa). Alignments reveal phylogenetic clustering with other arthropods and identify unique changes in primary structure which may have functional significance. These clones, when used to probe restriction enzyme-digested lobster genomic DNA in transfer-hybridization experiments, revealed a simple banding pattern indicating a lobster tub gene family of limited complexity. Lobsters appear to make use of a small tub gene family and fulfill the varied functional requirements imposed upon cellular microtubules through post-translational modifications of relatively few gene products.
Minor Pilins of the Type IV Pilus System Participate in the Negative Regulation of Swarming Motility

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits distinct surface-associated behaviors, including biofilm formation, flagellum-mediated swarming motility, and type IV pilus-driven twitching. Here, we report a role for the minor pilins, PilW and PilX, components of the type IV pilus assembly machinery, in the repression of swarming motility. Mutating either the pilW or pilX gene alleviates the inhibition of swarming motility observed for strains with elevated levels of the intracellular signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) due to loss of BifA, a c-di-GMP-degrading phosphodiesterase. Blocking PilD peptidase-mediated processing of PilW and PilX renders the unprocessed proteins defective for pilus assembly but still functional in c-di-GMP-mediated swarming repression, indicating our ability to separate these functions. Strains with mutations in pilW or pilX also fail to exhibit the increase in c-di-GMP levels observed when wild-type (WT) or bifA mutant cells are grown on a surface. We also provide data showing that c-di-GMP levels are increased upon PilY1 overexpression in surface-grown cells and that this c-di-GMP increase does not occur in the absence of the SadC diguanylate cyclase. Increased levels of endogenous PilY1, PilX, and PilA are observed when cells are grown on a surface compared to liquid growth, linking surface growth and enhanced signaling via SadC. Our data support a model wherein PilW, PilX, and PilY1, in addition to their role(s) in type IV pilus biogenesis, function to repress swarming via modulation of intracellular c-di-GMP levels. By doing so, these pilus assembly proteins contribute to P. aeruginosa's ability to coordinately regulate biofilm formation with its two surface motility systems.
How Interfaces Affect Hydrophobically Driven Polymer Folding

Studies of folding−unfolding of hydrophobic polymers in water provide an excellent starting point to probe manybody hydrophobic interactions in the context of realistic self-assembly processes. Such studies in bulk water have highlighted the similarities between thermodynamics of polymer collapse and of protein folding, and emphasized the role of hydration—water structure, density, and fluctuations—in the folding kinetics. Hydrophobic polymers are interfacially active—that is, they prefer locations at aqueous interfaces relative to bulk water—consistent with their low solubility. How does the presence of a hydrophobic solid surface or an essentially hydrophobic vapor−water interface affect the structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic aspects of polymer folding? Using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the large hydrophobic driving force for polymer collapse in bulk water is reduced at a solid alkane−water interface and further reduced at a vapor−water interface. As a result, at the solid...
Early Events in Intercalation Reactions: The Preintercalation State

Ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling spectroscopy (UHV-STS) is used to make the first in situ measurements of reactant charge transfer with the host basal planes during the early events in lamellar intercalation processes to clarify the role and importance of charge transfer in intercalation reactivity. The level of basal-plane charge transfer is determined from the Fermi level shift relative to the host (TiS2) conduction-band edge. Prior to intercalation, the model reaction of ammonia with lamellar TiS2 exhibits low-level, pressure-independent adsorbate (ammonia) charge transfer to the basal planes, identifying a preintercalation state in which adsorbate charge transfer plays a key role in intercalation reactivity. Such a state can explain the anomalously-high reactivity exhibited by other molecular intercalation systems, such as hydrazine/TiSe2, where available evidence suggests strong preintercalation adsorbate−host charge transfer. Once intercalation occurs, ammonium forms and cointercalates with ammon...
Sensing cellular stress through STIM proteins

In response to decreasing Ca2+ levels in the endoplasmic reticulum, STIM proteins couple with Orai channels in the plasma membrane, leading to Ca2+ influx into the cell. In addition to Ca2+-related endoplasmic reticulum stress, STIM proteins are emerging as general stress sensors that react to multiple stress signals to orchestrate Ca2+ signaling and homeostasis.
Non-local small-slope approximation for wave scattering from rough surfaces

Abstract A new general analytical approach to solving the problems of wave scattering from rough surfaces, referred to as the non-local small-slope approximation (NLSSA), is suggested. It is formulated in the general form both for vector and scalar waves. This approach is valid for an arbitrary wavelength of radiation provided that the slopes of the undulations are small enough. The NLSSA represents a generalization of the small-slope approximation to situations where double scattering (in the optical sense) appears. It is demonstrated that with appropriate approximations the NLSSA of the lowest order reduces to the small-slope approximation of the second order.
Evaluation of copper-labeled bifunctional chelate-albumin conjugates for blood pool imaging.

Abstract 62 Cu (T12 = 9.8 min) is a generator-produced positron-emitting radionuclide with a half-life amenable to blood-pool imaging with PET. Three bifunctional chelates [cyclic anhydride of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (cDTPAA), 6-bromoacetamidobenzyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane- N,N′,N′',N′'' -tetraacetic acid (BAT), and p -carboxyethylphenylglyoxal- bis -( 4 N-methyl-thiosemicarbazone (CE-DTS)] were conjugated to HSA and labeled with 67 Cu. The labeling efficiency of 67 Cu-DTS-HSA was > 90%, whereas the labeling yields of 67 Cu-DTPA-HSA and 67 Cu-benzyl-TETA-HSA were less than 70%. Blood clearance and biodistribution of these three 67 Cu-labeled conjugates were determined in rats. Of the three 67 Cu-labeled bifunctional chelate-HSA conjugates, 67 Cu-benzyl-TETA-HSA remained in the blood pool the longest, achieving stable blood levels at times longer than 24 h post-injection. The 67 Cu radioactivity cleared the blood within 60 min post-injection of 67 Cu-DTS-HSA, and within 10 min after administration of 67 Cu-DTPA-HSA, indicating the dissociation of Cu 2+ from these conjugates. Copper-labeled DTS-HSA achieved stable blood concentrations for at least 30 min post-injection and was therefore evaluated as a vascular imaging agent. DTS-HSA and benzyl-TETA-HSA were labeled with 62 Cu and administered to a dog for blood-pool imaging using PET. Images were nearly identical to an image taken after administration of C 15 O. Because of the high labeling efficiency, DTS-HSA can be labeled with 62 Cu without purification, making it more practical than 62 Cu-benzyl-TETA-HSA as a blood-pool imaging agent. Generator-produced 62 Cu-DTS-HSA should be a viable alternative blood pool agent to cyclotronproduced C 15 O for PET facilities without cyclotrons.
Dynamic Patterns in State Government Finance

The authors estimate vector autoregressions for three categories of state government expenditure: education, highways, and welfare. Each regression contains state expenditure on that category, federal aid to the state in that category, total federal aid to the state, state general revenue, and personal income. The authors calculate impulse response functions for these vector autoregressions to analyze changes in aid and expenditure over time. The authors find that deviations in expenditure and category-specific aid have large and long-lasting effects on future expenditure. Category-specific aid has a much stronger effect than aid, revenue, or income, suggesting a flypaper effect in which aid is spent disproportionately in the category in which it is granted. This effect persists for up to 5 years, suggesting that there are structural dynamic links between category-specific aid and expenditure by states on those categories.
Modeling the Interaction of Multibeam/Multimode Ultrasonic Transducers with Fatigue Cracks in Cladded Reactor Pressure Vessels

The integrity of reactor pressure vessels is primarily affected by the presence of fatigue cracks. The novel SLIC transducers which simultaneously use Shear and Longitudinal waves for material Inspection and flaw Characterization have recently been qualified in conjunction with satellite-pulse flight time measurement techniques on over fifty fatigue cracks in cladded test blocks [1], However, a computer modeling capability to aid the ultrasonic examiner in the interpretation of the data was not available during the 1983–84 qualification trials of the multibeam inspection (SLIC) technology [1].
A U1/U4/U5 snRNP complex induced by a 2'-O-methyl-oligoribonucleotide complementary to U5 snRNA

Nuclear messenger RNA splicing involves multiple interactions between the five spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 and numerous spliceosomal proteins. Here it is shown that binding of a 2'-O-methyl-oligoribonucleotide complementary to U5 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) nucleotides 68 to 88 (BU5Ae) disrupts the initial U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP complex, enhances the U2/U6 interaction, and induces a Ul/U4/U5 snRNP complex. The Ul/U4/U5 snRNP complex interacts specifically with an RNA oligonucleotide containing the 5' splice site sequence and may therefore represent a transitional stage in the displacement of U1 from the 5' splice site by U5 snRNP.
Clostridium botulinum Ionizing Radiation D‐Value Determination Using a Micro Food Sample System

A miniaturized system for rapid and accurate irradiation D-value determinations was evaluated. The test units consisted of pork, ham or chicken substrates inoculated with a mixed suspension of Clostridium botulinum spores, sealed inside polypropylene cryotubes at vacuum levels of 250, 125 and 50 torr. Samples were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays at −30 ± 10°C up to a dose of 1.8 Mrads. D-values were in close agreement with historical determination for the substrates and conditions tested. The D-value estimates encompass a standard error of 0.025 Mrad at p < 0.05. Replicate experiments conducted on different days demonstrated a high degree of reproducibility.
Fair-Weather RI, Part I: Artificial and Natural Sources

Based on the present state of the art a simplified picture depicting the characteristic of corona plumes and RI generation from EHV line conductors during fair weather is presented. An artificial source was developed to simulate some natural sources that were identified in the field insofar as plume and RI generation are concerned. By means of the artificial source, a prediction is made on the RI levels expected from UHV transmission lines. The prediction is based on laboratory test results from the artificial sources on conductors of different diameters but presumes the same number of sources per mile of UHV line as for EHV lines. Further investigations are required to verify this assumption.
Perioperative outcomes in reoperative cardiac surgery guided by cardiac multidetector computed tomographic angiography

Background Preoperative evaluation with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA) is considered an "appropriate" indication based on expert consensus. We aimed to evaluate how the presurgical evaluation with MDCTA impacts the outcomes after reoperative cardiac surgery (RCS). Methods We retrospectively studied 364 patients undergoing RCS between 2004 and 2008, including 137 referred for MDCTA. High-risk CT findings were defined as the presence of right ventricle or aorta Results Baseline clinical characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Individuals referred for MDCTA showed a trend toward a lower incidence of the composite primary end point (17.5% vs 24.2%, P = .13), primarily related to a significantly lower incidence of perioperative MI (0% vs 5.7%, P = .002). Multidetector computed tomographic angiography was also associated with shorter perfusion (90 vs 110 minutes, P = .002), cross clamp time (63 vs 75 minutes, P = .003), and total time in intensive care unit (103 vs 148 hours, P = .04), and a lower volume of postoperative RBC transfusion (627 vs 824 mL, P = .09). These differences remained significant after adjustment for the Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and the performing surgeon. Conclusion The use of MDCTA before RCS was associated with shorter perfusion and cross clamp time, shorter intensive care unit stays, and less frequent perioperative MI.
Ultra-Early Hemostatic Therapy for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background— Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes higher morbidity and mortality than other forms of stroke and has no proven effective treatment. Hematoma volume is a powerful predictor of outcome after ICH. Summary of Review— Historically, ICH bleeding was considered to be a monophasic event that stopped quickly as a result of clotting and tamponade by surrounding brain tissue. More recently, prospective and retrospective CT-based studies have demonstrated that hematoma growth occurs in up to 38% of patients initially scanned within 3 hours of onset and in 16% scanned between 3 and 6 hours, even in the absence of coagulopathy. Progressive bleeding of this type has been associated with contrast extravasation on CT angiography and poor outcome after early (<4 hours) surgical clot evacuation. On the basis of these observations, it is plausible that ultra-early hemostatic therapy given in the emergency setting might reduce ICH volume in some patients and improve outcome. Among candidate agents for this indi...
Experiments on the relationship of the neurohypophysis to gastric secretion

(1) Studies on gastric secretory response to histamine and food on Pavlov pouch dogs with practically complete dysfunction of the posterior pituitary showed no alteration in the acidity of the gastric juice. There was a decrease in volume which was probably caused by the mild dehydration occurring in these polyuric animals during the three hour test period. (2) The injection of Pitressin tannate into normal pouch dogs produces no alteration in either volume or acidity; after pituitary stalk section the injection of this drug tends to raise the volume towards the normal secretory level without altering the acidity.
Mouse pituitary tumor mrna directed cell-free synthesis of polypeptides that are cross-reactive with adrenocorticotropic hormone antiserum.

Abstract A wheat germ extract was used to translate mRNA isolated from the mouse pituitary tumor AtT-20. This RNA directed the synthesis of a product which was precipitated with antiserum specific for the synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone polypeptide β(1–24)(Synacthen). Analysis of the products by the radioimmunoassay technique also indicated the presence of an immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone-like material. The molecular weight of this product was 31,000 as determined by electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gels. These findings suggest that the 31,000 species may be the primary gene product in adrenocorticotropic hormone biosynthesis.
An analysis of 2811 chest casualties of the Korean conflict.

Our experience with 2811 chest casualities indicates that, in general, the best early treatment for chest wounds is the most conservative one. Thoracentesis is the most effective treatment for hemothorax. Approximately 80 per cent of the patients with hemothorax were cured by thoracentesis and antibiotic treatment. We feel that closed intercostal drainage is seldom necessary and often dangerous. Ninety-two per cent of those patients who required decortication had intercostal drainage tubes inserted in Korea. Decortication is the accepted treatment for clotted or organized hemothorax and the best results were obtained by performing this operation within from three to five weeks following injury. The optimum time for removal of foreign bodies is within two to three weeks after injury. We found breathing exercises and physical therapy helpful in reducing morbidity. We estimate that approximately 90 per cent of the casualties who suffered chest wounds only were returned to duty.
WE‐E‐AUD A‐04: Motion Artifacts in Fast KVCT and Slow MVCT and Their Effect On Indirectly Derived Target Delineation in Adaptive Radiation Therapy

Purpose:Livertumor cannot be directly delineated from MVCT, or kVCT without contrast. The external boundary of the organ in which the tumor resides is used for automatic segmentation of the PTV in adaptive radiation therapy (ART), and we study the effect of imaging speed on the accuracy of automatic segmentation and its dosimetric impact using a motion phantom. Method and Materials: A motion platform was programmed to move with a sinusoidal motion by amplitude of 1.9cm peak‐to‐peak and period of 3 seconds to simulate respiratory motion. A 15cm cubic water equivalent phantom was carried by the motion platform. 5 kVCT scans using a Philips Brilliance CT and 5 Tomotherapy MVCT scans were obtained. The external contour of the cube was manually and automatically delineated. A cylindrical PTV was created on the kVCT and a Tomotherapy was created. The contour of the PTV was generated based on the deformation of the cube in the MVCT and the effect on the DVH determined. Results: The volume of the contoured cube in the kVCT scans showed significant variation (±10%). However, the external contours derived from the MVCT scans were reproducible (+/− 1%), agreeing with previous reports. The external contour based on kVCT scans was larger than the MVCT in 3 cases and smaller in 2 cases. In the cases where the kVCT scan volume was larger than the MVCT scans, ART resulted in an underdosing of 10% of the PTV by 7% of the prescription dose.Conclusion: Without anatomical deformation or respiratory variation, the morphology of a solid moving phantom show significant differences between fast kVCT and slow MVCT, resulting in differences in automatic target delineation and subsequent dosimetric errors. The uncertainty needs to be taken into consideration for ART application.
Characteristics of eccentrically braced frames

The eccentrically braced steel frame provides an efficient structural system for resisting lateral loads caused by wind or seismic activity. In some applications, this versatile system can reduce overall material requirements and result in a frame which is still under moderate loads yet ductile at extreme overloads, an essential feature in seismic design. In this paper, some of the fundamental characteristics of the behavior of eccentrically braced frames are examined by studying some simple examples. The results provide a qualitative assessment of the behavior of the framing system for use in seismically active regions.
Photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton and its relation to environmental factors in hypersaline Mono Lake, California

The photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in hypersaline Mono Lake, California was measured over the three year period, 1983–1985. The maximum chlorophyll-specific rate of carbon uptake (Pm B) and the lightlimited slope (alpha) were derived from laboratory measurements of photosynthesis vs. irradiance (P-1) relationships. Annual estimates of primary production were 340–540 g C m-2 yr-1. Production was two to three times higher during the spring of 1983 than in the springs of 1984 and 1985; higher standing biomass of algae occurred in 1983. While Pm B rates followed water temperatures and varied over 40-fold over the year, integral primary production varied less since periods of high Pm B occurred when algal biomass was low. Sixty-eight percent of the seasonal variation in the PmB was explained by a regression on temperature (53%), chlorophyll a (12%), and the carbon:chlorophyll a ratio (3%). Light-saturated and light-limited rates of photosynthesis generally covaried, evidenced by the strong seasonal correlation between Pm B and alpha. Sixty-one percent of variation in alpha was explained by a regression on Pm B, temperature, grazing, water column stability, and self-shading. There was no correlation of carbon uptake with ambient levels of inorganic nitrogen. The regression coefficient of the dependence of Pm B on the seasonal temperature trend was much larger than that determined from individual samples incubated at several different temperatures; this indicates that uptake is limited by more than low temperatures in the spring. Regression equations including only temperature, chlorophyll and depth were sufficient to estimate patterns of seasonal and year to year variation in integral primary productivity.
Rapid determination of Os isotopic composition by sparging OsO4 into a magnetic-sector ICP-MS

Abstract We present a method for the rapid determination of Os isotopic compositions and platinum group element (PGE) concentrations using ICP-MS on the same sample split. The method makes use of transfer of volatile OsO4 by an Ar gas stream into the torch of a magnetic sector ICP-MS for analysis. A variety of partial or complete sample dissolution methods can be used, namely (1) microwave oven digestion of samples in pressurized Teflon vessels under oxidizing acidic conditions, (2) NiS fire assay for complete sample dissolution and PGE preconcentration, (3) acid leaching techniques to extract labile PGE fractions, and (4) Carius tube digestion. Microwave oven sample digestion with HF–HNO3–HCl in an all-Teflon system as well as Carius tube digestion also allows the determination of Os isotopic composition and Os and Re concentrations on the same sample split. Spike–sample equilibration can be monitored on-line during sparging into the ICP-MS. The elimination of a nebulizer for Os isotope ratio measurements minimizes memory problems that are often associated with the determination of Os isotope ratios in liquid samples by ICP-MS. The external reproducibility of 187 Os/ 188 Os measurements of an in-house Os standard solution using a single-collector, magnetic sector ICP-MS (Finnigan ELEMENT) is 0.78% (1 S.D., n=13) for analyte amounts ranging from 81 pg to 1.22 ng total Os. The ion yield for 7-min data acquisitions is ∼5×10−5. Compared to negative thermal ionization mass spectrometry (N-TIMS), sample throughput is about on an order of magnitude higher. If NiS fire assay is used for PGE preconcentration, complementary PGE can be determined in the liquid residue by ICP-MS using a microconcentric nebulizer after the extraction of OsO4.
Label-free second harmonic generation holographic imaging of biological specimens at speeds up to 1000 volumes per second

High-speed 3D images of biological tissues are captured with a label-free second harmonic generation holographic microscope. Speeds of up to 1000 image volumes per second are achieved and 3D particle tracking is demonstrated.
PCB—A Distributed Computing System in CORBA

CORBA (common object request broker architecture) provides a conceptual software bus for distributed object systems, which is not only suitable for enterprise distributed computing, but also suitable for parallel?distributed scientific computations. This paper describes a distributed computing system, named PCB (parallel component bus), based on a cluster of computers with the Java/CORBA technologies. The architecture of the system supports scalability in either SPMD or MIMD models. The measured performance of a parallel computation shows that the system can reach N-fold speedup for large grain applications.
Studies on the relatedness of herpesviruses through DNA-DNA hybridization.

The relatedness of the DNAs of three different herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) and pseudorabies (Pr) virus was compared by DNA-DNA hybridization on nitrocellulose membrane filters. Reciprocal and competition hybridization experiments performed under saturation conditions demonstrated a maximum homology of 70% between the DNAs of HSV-1 and HSV-2. Under similar conditions, Pr virus DNA had 8–10% complementarity with either HSV-1 or HSV-2 DNA.
The effect of dyes on the calcification of hypertrophic rachitic cartilage in vitro.

The calcification of rat hypertrophic cartilage slices in vitro is markedly inhibited by preliminary exposure to metachromatic and other basic dyes. The dyes are effective at 10–3 to 10–4 M in the absence of calcium and phosphate. This inhibition does not occur at the same low dye concentration if calcium and phosphate are present. Neither ion alone is effective in preventing the inhibition. The inhibitory action can be removed by placing slices which have been treated with basic dye in a solution which contains calcium and phosphate ions, plus an acid dye, Orange G. Most acid dyes do not inhibit calcification, except at very high concentrations. Alizarin and quinalizarin are exceptional, and produce marked inhibition at 10–3 M, an effect which is perhaps attributable to the tendency of these dyes to form lakes with calcium. Rachitic cartilage slices which no longer calcify in inorganic phosphate as a result of treatment with basic dyes show normal calcification in the presence of organic phosphate esters. These results are discussed in terms of the possibility that chondroitin sulfate ester participates in normal calcification.
Dorsal cochlear nucleus of the chinchilla: excitation by contralateral sound.

Abstract Excitatory effects of contralateral sound were studied in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and compared to effects of ipsilateral sound in the same neurons. Most neurons excited by contralateral sound were also excited by ipsilateral sound. Contralateral excitation (but not ipsilateral excitation) is abolished by barbiturate anesthesia. Neurons showing contralateral and ipsilateral excitation (EE neurons) from a heterogeneous group. Response properties differed widely in such dimensions as the latent period, width of tuning curve, and spike count-intensity function. However, the neurons studied usually had similar best frequencies for contralateral and for ipsilateral tonal stimulation. Latent periods were consistently longer for contralateral tones. A few neurons, found only in unanesthetized animals, showed extremely broad tuning curves for either contralateral or ipsilateral tones. EE neurons are found predominantly in the deeper layers of the DCN.
Vocal and Facial Emotion Decoding Difficulties Relating to Social and Thought Problems: Highlighting Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Successful social interaction depends on the ability to decode emotion in the nonverbal behaviors of others. Because relationship difficulties are paramount in adolescents with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), we predicted that adolescents with SPD would (1) make more emotion decoding errors than adolescents with other personality disorders (OPD) or non-psychiatric controls (NPC); and (2) exhibit more social and thought problems than OPD or NPC adolescents. Further, we predicted greater emotion decoding errors for all adolescents would relate to concurrent and future social problems, thought problems, and social reasoning deficits. SPD adolescents made more errors than OPD and NPC adolescents in decoding voices but not faces (except in specific emotion categories). For all adolescents, vocal errors correlated with greater social problems, and facial and vocal errors correlated with greater thought difficulties concurrently and a year later.
The Contribution of HBCUS to the Preparation of African American Women for STEM Careers: A Case Study.

This study uses case study analysis to explore the ways that Spelman College, a historically Black women’s college, promotes the attainment of African American women in STEM fields. Although limited to one institution, the findings shed light on the ways that institutional characteristics, policies, and practices may mitigate the barriers that limit attainment of African American women in STEM fields. Drawing on the findings, the paper concludes with recommendations for improving policy and practice as well as recommendations for additional fruitful research.
In Defense of Activity Theory

This paper elaborates the relationship between practical social activity and psychological phenomena. In particular, I explain how psychological phenomena dialectically contribute to social activit...
Akr1p and the Type I Casein Kinases Act prior to the Ubiquitination Step of Yeast Endocytosis: Akr1p Is Required for Kinase Localization to the Plasma Membrane

Ubiquitination of the plasma membrane-localized yeast a-factor receptor (Ste3p) triggers a rapid, ligand-independent endocytosis leading to its vacuolar degradation. This report identifies two mutants that block uptake by blocking ubiquitination, these being mutant either for the ankyrin repeat protein Akr1p or for the redundant type I casein kinases Yck1p and Yck2p. While no obvious defect was seen for wild-type Ste3p phosphorylation in akr1 or yck mutant backgrounds, examination of the Delta320-413 Ste3p deletion mutant phosphorylation did reveal a clear defect in both mutants. The Delta320-413 deletion removes 18 Ser-Thr residues (possible YCK-independent phosphorylation sites) yet retains the 15 Ser-Thr residues of the Ste3p PEST-like ubiquitination-endocytosis signal. Two other phenotypes link akr1 and yck mutants: both are defective in phosphorylation of wild-type alpha-factor receptor, and while both are defective for Ste3p constitutive internalization, both remain partially competent for the Ste3p ligand-dependent uptake mode. Yck1p-Yck2p may be the function responsible in phosphorylation of the PEST-like ubiquitination-endocytosis signal. Akr1p appears to function in localizing Yck1p-Yck2p to the plasma membrane, a localization that depends on prenylation of C-terminal dicysteinyl motifs. In akr1Delta cells, Yck2p is mislocalized, showing a diffuse cytoplasmic localization identical to that seen for a Yck2p mutant that lacks the C-terminal Cys-Cys, indicating a likely Akr1p requirement for the lipid modification of Yck2p, for prenylation, or possibly for palmitoylation.
Exogenous insulin requirements do not differ between youth and adults with cystic fibrosis related diabetes.

Objective To examine whether insulin requirements and diabetes control differ between adolescents and adults with cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD). Methods All CFRD patients on insulin therapy seen at the University of Minnesota outpatient clinic from 1 January 2011 to 1 June 2012 were identified. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels obtained during this period were averaged for each patient, and the most recent outpatient insulin dose was obtained. In addition, retrospective chart review was performed in order to obtain longitudinal data on insulin requirements during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Results Eighteen youth aged 14–19 yr and 137 adults aged 20–67 yr were identified to be currently on insulin therapy. The average insulin dose was 0.38 ± 0.29 units/kg/d for adolescents and 0.46 ± 0.30 units/kg/d for adults (p = 0.20). In adults, insulin doses were significantly higher in transplant recipients: Tx = 0.58 ± 0.29, no Tx = 0.43 ± 0.30 (p = 0.005). Average HbA1c was 6.9 ± 2.1% in youth and 6.9 ± 1.5% in adults (p = 0.35). There were no changes in the insulin dosage when adolescents transitioned to adulthood with diabetes were not on higher doses of insulin compared to when they were adolescents with diabetes. Conclusion Modest insulin requirements suggest the persistence of endogenous insulin secretion in both youth and adults with CFRD. In adolescents, residual endogenous insulin secretion likely compensates for the insulin resistance during puberty, keeping insulin requirements low.