cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fairy Tales and Thrillers: The Contradictions of Formula Narratives

What is behind the broad appeal of formula narratives? Why do so many people turn to Westerns and mysteries, romances and techno-thrillers? Or rather, why do some of us dote on some genres, returning repeatedly to find solace in galaxies far away or in ravines from which lone gunmen ride? There’s never been an adequate answer to that large question, in part because explanations of sociologists based on broad content analysis never capture the allure of one genre over another, much less of a particular text. And while close study of specific texts—of distinctive settings, characters, even narrative strategies—may help explain a local appeal, we are still left to wonder at the larger social and historical pressures that make them into such monsters of popularity. Yet if answers to why are not forthcoming, the answer to what binds formula narratives together may be less elusive. For genres with broad appeal are split by large, even obvious contradictions. And this seems so because popular culture itself is split, divided against itself, embracing values that are multiple, diverse, arrayed against one another. Freedom or equality, which one do we prefer? Individual rights or group security? Calm kindness or invigorating excitement? Mature wisdom or youthful spontaneity? The pairings go on and on, with one meritorious gesture pitted against its converse in guises that seem to require their opposite. That is why the most popular narratives can never be simply allegorical, concluding with a moral tag that earmarks what is at stake or otherwise proffering firm advice on how one should act. For even in successful allegories, at least since Aesop’s fables, we delight in ways they so often defy their own concluding truths, by stressing an ethical good that is then coupled with its opposite. Among other considerations, praiseworthy traits like forbearance and patience, modesty and self-esteem, steadfastness and simple self-possession—these quiet virtues require a loud dramatic foil to reveal them for what they are. The meek may inherit the earth, in short, but the day of inheritance will be full of celebration, punctuated with eulogies and encomiums whose very expression defies the meekness that won them. Granted that all popular narratives explore such contradictions, the question then arising is what makes a particular genre distinctive—and does so not via characteristic costumes or props (spurs, space suits, spy codes) but in the characteristic conflicts each
A peripheral perspective of weight regain.

body weight regulation is sensitive to a number of environmental, social, and genetic pressures but is ultimately subject to a homeostatic control system linked with adiposity ([23][1], [36][2]). This control system involves a closed-feedback loop between the central nervous system and the
The Birds, the Bees, and the Bats

Why do we have to read about bats today? What do bats have to do with Dermatology? At the Smithsonian, within an exhibit explaining the threat to the tropical forests in the world, there was a small case showing that some plants depend on bats for pollination. The bats carried pollen from one plant to another on specially modified hairs on their shoulders and back. This use of a skin appendage for pollination was an intriguing use of skin, akin to using a fingernail for artificial insemination, and deserved further thought and reading. My previous acquaintance with bats had been very limited. Batman was of course an early cultural hero of mine. I studied his literature and its accompanying artwork, and I identified with his sidekick. I knew that the witches in Macbeth put into the cauldron (act IV, scene 1) some "wool of bat" and that in Alice in
Ethical Issues in Ultrasound

Ultrasound has been, and still is, a medical field involved in rapid technological changes. These changes have introduced some new ethical issues to be considered by the ultrasound professional. This paper examines the reasons for sonographers to consider ethical issues in ultrasound as well as two categories into which these issues fall. The first category includes those ethical issues with which our patients and society must grapple. These are issues with which we are peripherally involved as technical participants but not as decision-makers. The second category includes ethical issues with which we, as health professionals, are intimately involved due to the nature of our profession. Some fundamental ethical problems involving the issues in each category are explored, and some individual issues are discussed.
Results of radiation hardness tests and performance tests of the HS9008RH flash ADC

Results from tests characterizing the performance and radiation hardness of the HS9008RH flash analog to digital convertor (FADC) are presented. These tests were performed primarily to evaluate the suitability of this device for use in the GEM Central Tracker at the SSC experiment. Basic performance characteristics and susceptibility of these characteristics to radiation were examined. Performance test results indicate that the device integral nonlinearity is sampling rate dependent and worsens rapidly above a sampling rate of 15 megasamples per second (MSPS). No degradation in performance of the device was observed after its exposure of up to 81 Mrad of 1.25 MeV /spl gamma/ radiation from a /sup 60/Co source. Exposure of the device to a reactor fast neutron fluence (E>100 keV) of 5/spl times/10/sup 14//cm/sup 2/ resulted in no significant observed performance degradation as well. >
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Word Processing in the Human Cortex

Understanding language relies on concurrent activation of multiple areas within a distributed neural network. Hemodynamic measures (fMRI and PET) indicate their location, and electromagnetic measures (magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography) reveal the timing of brain activity during language processing. Their combination can show the spatiotemporal characteristics (where and when) of the underlying neural network. Activity to written and spoken words starts in sensory-specific areas and progresses anteriorly via respective ventral ("what") processing streams toward the simultaneously active supramodal regions. The process of understanding a word in its current context peaks about 400 ms after word onset. It is carried out mainly through interactions of the temporal and inferior prefrontal areas on the left during word reading and bilateral temporo-prefrontal areas during speech processing. Neurophysiological evidence suggests that lexical access, semantic associations, and contextual integration may be simultaneous as the brain uses available information in a concurrent manner, with the final goal of rapidly comprehending verbal input. Because the same areas may participate in multiple stages of semantic or syntactic processing, it is crucial to consider both spatial and temporal aspects of their interactions to appreciate how the brain understands words.
Dynamics of cerebral venous and intracranial pressures

Traumatic brain injury and stroke are both characterized by an ischemic core surrounded by a penumbra of low to hyperemic flows. The underperfused ischemic core is the focus of edema development, but the source of the edema fluid is not known. We hypothesized that flow of edema fluid into the tissue is derived from cerebral venous circulation pressure, which always exceeds intracranial pressure (ICP). As a first step toward testing this hypothesis, the aim of the current study was to determine whether cerebral venous pressure in the normal brain is always equal to or higher than ICP. In studies on 2 pigs, cerebral cortical venous, intracranial (subarachnoid), sagittal sinus, and central venous pressures were monitored with manipulation of ICP by raising and lowering a reservoir above and below the external auditory meatus zero point. The results show that cerebral venous pressure is always higher than or equal to ICP at pressures of up to 60 mmHg. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that increased cerebral venous pressure initiated after traumatic brain injury and stroke drives edema fluid into the tissue, which thereby increases ICP and a further increase in cerebral venous pressure in a vicious cycle of brain edema.
Use of the Transtheoretical Model in the Medication Use Process

OBJECTIVETo review articles published during the past 10 years relating to the transtheoretical model (TTM) and the medication use process, focusing on prescribing, dispensing, and using prescription and nonprescription medications for legitimate purposes.DATA SOURCESMEDLINE, Cochrane database, PsychINFO, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and PubMed were searched from 1995 to August 2004 using the key terms models, psychological; prescriptions, drug; drugs, nonprescription; models, theoretical; self medication; patient compliance; medication compliance; decision making; drug therapy and behavior change. Additional searches included the following terms: pharmacists, community; TTM; transtheoretical model, pharmacy services, new practice patterns and physician practice patterns.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONStudies with empirical application of any aspect of TTM were included. Abstracts were reviewed by both authors, and data were independently abstracted including, for example, specific aspects ...
Existence of Coordinating Transshipment Prices in a Two-Location Inventory Model

We consider a two-location production/inventory model where each location makes production decisions and is subject to uncertain capacity. Each location optimizes its own profits. Transshipment (at a cost) is allowed from one location to another. We focus on the question of whether one can globally set a pair of coordinating transshipment prices, i.e., payments that each party has to make to the other for the transshipped goods, that induce the local decision makers to make inventory and transshipment decisions that are globally optimal. A recent paper suggests, for a special case of our model, that there always exists a unique pair of coordinating transshipment prices. We demonstrate through a counterexample that this statement is not correct and derive sufficient and necessary conditions under which it would hold. We show that in some conditions, coordinating prices may exist for only a narrow range of problem parameters and explore conditions when this can happen. Finally, we study the effects of demand and capacity variability on the magnitude of coordinating transshipment prices.
Cognitive–behavioral therapy for adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and subclinical depressive symptoms

SUMMARY Aims: The purpose of this study was to adapt and pilot an evidence-based individual cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and subclinical depressive symptoms, a group at increased risk of poor self-management and glycemic control. Materials & methods: Nine adolescents (aged 13–18 years) participated in a 12-session individual CBT intervention. Participants and their caregivers completed measures of depressive symptoms and diabetes management pre- and post-intervention. Blood glucose monitoring frequency and HbA1c were obtained via chart review. Results: Paired-samples t-tests indicated improvements in depressive symptoms, measured by adolescent (t[8] = 5.38; p = 0.0004; Cohen’s d = 1.59) and caregiver report (t[8] = 2.50; p = 0.04; Cohen’s d = 0.66) and diabetes self-management, measured by adolescent report (t[8] = -3.24; p = 0.01; Cohen’s d = -0.98) following intervention completion. Conclusion: CBT is a promising interv...
Slick (Slo2.1), a Rapidly-Gating Sodium-Activated Potassium Channel Inhibited by ATP

Neuronal stressors such as hypoxia and firing of action potentials at very high frequencies cause intracellular Na+ to rise and ATP to be consumed faster than it can be regenerated. We report the cloning of a gene encoding a K+ channel, Slick, and demonstrate that functionally it is a hybrid between two classes of K+ channels, Na+-activated (KNa) and ATP-sensitive (KATP) K+ channels. The Slick channel is activated by intracellular Na+ and Cl- and is inhibited by intracellular ATP. Slick is widely expressed in the CNS and is detected in heart. We identify a consensus ATP binding site near the C terminus of the channel that is required for ATP and its nonhydrolyzable analogs to reduce open probability. The convergence of Na+, Cl-, and ATP sensitivity in one channel may endow Slick with the ability to integrate multiple indicators of the metabolic state of a cell and to adjust electrical activity appropriately.
SEED-SIZE SELECTION IN MOURNING DOVES AND EURASIAN COLLARED-DOVES

Abstract I studied seed-size selection among Mourning Doves (Zenaida macroura) and Eurasian Collared-Doves (Streptopelia decaocto), two newly sympatric species for which mechanisms of seed selection are not well understood. I measured and compared mean length, breadth, and thickness of seeds available to, and consumed by, these species in feeding trials of penned birds. Both species selected corn (Zea mays) seeds that were shorter and narrower than average, but Eurasian Collared-Doves selected corn that was thicker than average and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds that were broader and thicker than average. Mourning Doves consumed corn of average thickness, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sunflower seeds of average size with respect to all dimensions. Corn consumption by both species seems limited by seed length and breadth, but Mourning Dove consumption of smaller seed types (wheat and milo [Sorghum vulgare]) appears largely unaffected by seed size. Among larger seed types (corn and sunflower), Eura...
Current Problems in Invertebrate Neurosecretion

In the course of years, a broad comparative approach to the study of neurosecretory phenomena has proved not only rewarding but mandatory. Much insight continues to be gained from the analysis of relatively simple systems. A valid definition of the very concept of neurosecretion requires a comprehensive spectrum of information, including that on the phylogenetic origin of neuroglandular activity. Ideally, therefore, progress in this field should be viewed along its entire front. The line drawn between invertebrates and vertebrates for purposes of the present survey must not be interpreted as an indication of fundamental disparities between the two groups. In fact, an outline of current problems in invertebrate neurosecretion might well serve as a general introduction to this Symposium. As will become apparent, these problems include the elucidation of the neuronal and glandular attributes of neurosecretory neurons, properties of afferent control mechanisms, the chemical nature and mode of release of neurosecretory mediators, the extraneuronal pathways by which they reach their sites of operation, and the manner in which these messengers control their effector cells.
Sexuality and Law: Volume I - Family and Youth Preface and Introduction

Preface and Introduction to Volume I of the Library of Essays and Sexuality and Law: Family and Youth. The legal regulation of family forms is a global phenomenon and changes in the 'traditional' family have provoked a variety of legal responses. Same-sex marriage, civil partnerships and other legal avenues to recognize intimate relationships between adults have become a feature of many jurisdictions and a subject for debate in most. Parenting has also become contentious, whether the issue is custody, adoption, or legal recognition of parental status of a non-biological parent. How the law should regulate or protect the sexuality and gender identity of youth is a matter of great concern throughout many countries. The sexuality of the elderly members of societies is beginning to be considered.
uBlasCL: Architecture Agnostic Massively Parallel Linear Algebra System

The need for more efficient, more abstract and easier to use parallel programming interfaces has been recently intensified with the introduction and remarkable evolution of technologies such as the General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPG-PUs) and multi-core Central Processing Units (CPUs). In the present paper we present the introduction of the uBlasCL system as a Domain Specific Embedded Language within C++ that implements a Basic Linear Algebra Interface for OpenCL. The system is architecture agnostic, in the sense that it can be programmed independently of the targeted architecture, is massively parallel, and achieves efficiency that tracks well the increase in hardware performance advances. Our effort is based on the utilization of template metaprogramming and domain specific languages fundamentals, for developing a system that has the syntactic flexibility of a symbolic term processing system for expressing mathematics, and the semantic and executional power to exploit the parallelism offered by the hardware in an automated, transparent to the user, and efficiently mapped on the hardware manner. We also describe its relation to C++, template programming, domain specific languages and OpenCL. In the effort to develop uBlasCL we also developed a middleware library named CL++, as a convenient C++ interface to OpenCL. After the architectural and the implementation descriptions of the system, we present performance testing results demonstrating its potential power.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The role of TCL1 in human T-cell leukemia

The TCL1 locus on human chromosome 14q32.1 is activated in T-cell leukemias by translocations and inversions that juxtapose it to regulatory elements of T-cell receptor genes. We isolated and characterized four genes at this locus, TCL1 and TCL1b (T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1 and 1b), and TNG1 and TNG2 (TCL neighboring genes 1 and 2) all of which are overexpressed following rearrangements involving 14q32.1. TCL1 and TCL1b show 60% similarity and are represented in the mouse by a cluster of six homologous genes. In humans TCL1 and TCL1b show similar expression patterns: They are expressed mainly in CD4-/CD8- immature T-cells, pre B-cells and virgin B-cells. Expression decreases significantly at more mature stages of B-cell development. Activation of TCL1 and/or TCL1b in mature T-cells causes T-cell leukemia in humans. The oncogenic nature of TCL1 was confirmed by the analysis of a transgenic mouse model. Functional analysis of Tcl1 revealed its involvement in a PI3-kinase dependent Akt (PKB) pro-survival pathway through its interaction with the Akt kinase which increases Akt's enzymatic activity and promotes translocation of Akt to the nucleus.
SUPPORTING LOCAL FOOD SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT THROUGH FOOD PRICE PREMIUM DONATIONS: A POLICY PROPOSAL

This study investigates consumer preferences for a marketing system that improves integration of farmers into a local food system. Attribute-based methods are used to estimate consumer willingness to pay for a locally grown product that is bundled with a local food bank (LFB) donation. Estimates reveal that, on average, households are willing to pay 11% more for locally grown relative to nonlocal agricultural products. When the locally grown product attribute is combined with a donation to support a LFB, the premium nearly doubles. Results suggest that the proposed system could provide resources to strengthen local food distribution networks.
CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS, IN DYNAMIC CONDITIONS, FOR THE SHIP POWER OPERATING SYSTEM

Florenţiu DELIU1 Vasile DOBREF2 Petrica POPOV3 Paul BURLACU4 1Lecturer Ph.D eng.Naval Academy “Mircea cel Batran”, Constanța, florentiu.deliu@anmb.ro 2Professor Ph.D eng. Naval Academy “Mircea cel Batran”, Constanța, vasile.dobref@anmb.ro 3Lecturer Ph.D Naval Academy “Mircea cel Batran”, Constanța, petrica.popov@anmb.ro 4Lecturer Ph.D eng.Naval Academy “Mircea cel Batran”, Constanța, paul.burlacu@anmb.ro
Advanced Functional Nanomaterials for Theranostics

Nanoscale materials have been explored extensively as agents for therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e. theranostic) applications. Research efforts have shifted from exploring new materials in vitro to designing materials that function in more relevant animal disease models, thereby increasing potential for clinical translation. Current interests include non-invasive imaging of diseases, biomarkers and targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs. Here, we discuss some general design considerations of advanced theranostic materials and challenges of their use, from both diagnostic and therapeutic perspectives. Common classes of nanoscale biomaterials, including magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and organic dye-based nanoparticles, have demonstrated potential for both diagnosis and therapy. Variations such as size control and surface modifications can modulate biocompatibility and interactions with target tissues. The needs for improved disease detection and enhanced chemotherapeutic treatments, together with realistic considerations for clinically translatable nanomaterials will be key driving factors for theranostic agent research in the near future.
Unilateral complete cleft lip repair with primary semi-open rhinoplasty

The multidisciplinary approach is essential to the satisfactory treatment of cleft patients. This includes surgeons, orthodontists, speech pathologists, pedodontists, prosthodontists, otolaryngologists, social workers, psychologists, as well as a photographer. All of these contribute to the care of cleft patients from infancy to adulthood. The techniques presented here are based on the experience of the members of the Chang Gung Craniofacial Center over a period of 30 years in a Chinese population. They have also been tested in other racially diverse centers. The improved outcomes result from an integrated approach with presurgical management, surgical refinements, and postsurgical maintenance.
Probing the Spin-Polarized Electronic Band Structure in Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Optical Spectroscopy

We study the electronic band structure in the K/K′ valleys of the Brillouin zone of monolayer WSe2 and MoSe2 by optical reflection and photoluminescence spectroscopy on dual-gated field-effect devices. Our experiment reveals the distinct spin polarization in the conduction bands of these compounds by a systematic study of the doping dependence of the A and B excitonic resonances. Electrons in the highest-energy valence band and the lowest-energy conduction band have antiparallel spins in monolayer WSe2 and parallel spins in monolayer MoSe2. The spin splitting is determined to be hundreds of meV for the valence bands and tens of meV for the conduction bands, which are in good agreement with first-principles calculations. These values also suggest that both n- and p-type WSe2 and MoSe2 can be relevant for spin- and valley-based applications.
Abstract IA10: Precision chemoprevention with aspirin

Remarkably consistent experimental and epidemiologic evidence demonstrates that aspirin is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. Five placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among individuals with a history of colorectal neoplasia showed that aspirin reduced the risk of recurrent adenomatous polyps, the precursors of the vast majority of cancers. Additionally, data from long-term follow-up of a RCT of aspirin among individuals with the Lynch hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome and a RCT of aspirin among women for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer demonstrated a lower risk of colorectal cancer associated with randomized aspirin treatment. As a reflection of the strength of the evidence, the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPSTF) updated its primary prevention guidelines for aspirin in 2016. The USPSTF provided low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) with a recommendation for chronic disease prophylaxis, including colorectal cancer prevention, among U.S. adults between ages 50-59, and possibly ages 60-69, with a greater than 10% ten-year risk of cardiovascular events. The new USPSTF recommendation represents a significant milestone for the field of preventive medicine. With the exception of tamoxifen for women at high-risk for breast cancer, this is the first medication recommended for cancer prevention by USPSTF guidelines. Despite this advance, broader recommendations for aspirin chemoprevention are limited by concerns about risk-benefit profile in view of the established association of aspirin with gastrointestinal bleeding. Thus, in concert with broader efforts to tailor prevention strategies, our group has led several studies into the mechanistic basis of aspirin9s anti-cancer effect that has led to the development of intratumoral, germline, and circulating molecular correlates of outcomes. Such biomarkers can be exploited for risk stratification to more effectively target aspirin chemoprevention for those with more favorable risk-benefit profiles. In this presentation, we will review the evidence supporting a role for aspirin in the prevention and treatment of cancer, with a focus on novel strategies for molecular risk stratification. Citation Format: Andrew T. Chan. Precision chemoprevention with aspirin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
Dark and sick, light and healthy: black women's complexion-based health disparities.

Objective: Although research on skin tone inequalities suggest that darker-skinned Black women should experience worse health outcomes than lighter-skinned women, findings have been mixed. The present study investigates the possibility that the manner that stress and health are measured (i.e. global versus count measures) may explain the conflicting findings. Design: Black American women of different skin tones were investigated in two cross-sectional samples: the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 571) and the Detroit Area Study (N = 290). Women's skin tone health disparities were examined using both objective (i.e. directly measured) or count measures (i.e. number of diagnosed chronic health conditions) as well as a global measure of health (i.e. self-rated health - SRH). Additionally, in the Detroit Area Study (DAS), disparities in stress exposure were examined using count and global measures. Results: Skin tone did not predict global measures of health (i.e. SRH) in both samples. In contrast, skin tone predicted objective and count measures of health in both samples, and the disparities between dark- and light-skinned women were starker among higher SES populations. Furthermore, DAS analyses of stress measures indicated that skin tone did not predict a global measure of stress but significantly predicted a count measure of stress (i.e. life events) since dark-skinned women reported worse outcomes. Conclusions: Health disparities research will benefit from accounting for Black women's skin tones as an important social determinant of health. Additionally, use of subjective measurements of health (e.g. SRH) may conceal within-race health disparities across complexions as well as obscure the magnitude of disparities across race.
Clinical and financial implications of emergency department visits for synthetic marijuana.

Abstract Background Many users believe that synthetic cannabinoids offer a safe and legal means of getting high. However, spikes in emergency department visits have been associated with use of synthetic cannabinoids. The purpose of the current study was to document emergency department visits from three large hospitals in one metropolitan area over a two month period. Method This was a retrospective chart review examining 218 patients presenting to three inner city emergency departments between March and April 2014. Data collected included demographic information, information regarding ED diagnosis and treatment, signs and symptoms, ancillary testing, ED disposition, and cost of the medical treatment. Results The majority of patients (75.7%) were discharged after ED workup, but 12.4% were admitted for medical treatment and 11.5% were admitted for psychiatric treatment. Ten patients (4.6%) were admitted to the ICU. Symptoms experienced most frequently include: hypertension, tachycardia, agitation, drowsiness, nausea, and confusion. Cluster analysis revealed four symptom clusters of individuals presenting after using synthetic cannabinoids: 1) confusion, hostility, agitation, 2) nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, 3) drowsiness, and 4) the absence of these symptoms. Conclusion This study has three important findings. First, significant ED resources are being used to treat individuals presenting due to effects of synthetic cannabis. Second, synthetic cannabis is not a benign substance. Third, while the hostile and agitated user is generally presented in the media, this study finds significant heterogeneity in presentation. Further research is needed to fully understand the implications of synthetic cannabinoid use.
The Slo(w) path to identifying the mitochondrial channels responsible for ischemic protection

Mitochondria play an important role in tissue ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury, with energetic failure and the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore being the major causes of IR-induced cell death. Thus, mitochondria are an appropriate focus for strategies to protect against IR injury. Two widely studied paradigms of IR protection, particularly in the field of cardiac IR, are ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and volatile anesthetic preconditioning (APC). While the molecular mechanisms recruited by these protective paradigms are not fully elucidated, a commonality is the involvement of mitochondrial K+ channel opening. In the case of IPC, research has focused on a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel (mitoKATP), but, despite recent progress, the molecular identity of this channel remains a subject of contention. In the case of APC, early research suggested the existence of a mitochondrial large-conductance K+ (BK, big conductance of potassium) channel encoded by the Kcnma1 gene, although more recent work has shown that the channel that underlies APC is in fact encoded by Kcnt2 In this review, we discuss both the pharmacologic and genetic evidence for the existence and identity of mitochondrial K+ channels, and the role of these channels both in IR protection and in regulating normal mitochondrial function.
Cleft Care of Internationally Adopted Children From China.

Objective:To quantify a population of international adoptees from China with cleft lip and/or palate to assess presentations and team management practices.Design:Single institution retrospective.Pa...
Interfacial corrosion of copper in concentrated chloride solution and the formation of copper hydroxychloride

Abstract This work aims to investigate the waterline corrosion of pure copper in 4 M NaCl solution. Three distinct regions are identified. Corrosion products formed at the waterline are characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy, complemented by SEM/EDS, as a function of immersion time. The co-existence of four copper species is explained by thermodynamic equilibrium consideration. The composition of spreading region is determined and compared with the oxide film formation in different pH NaOH solutions. The anodic dissolution of copper exposed to the bulk electrolyte is investigated by electrochemical methods. The pH and potential profiles across three regions are proposed.
The Stability of Aggressive Behavior—Even unto the Third Generation

In young adults, delinquency and criminal behavior are problems of which dimensions in terms of cost to life and property are obviously staggering. Decades of research into the root causes of delinquency and criminality have revealed numerous variables that are correlated with the ontogeny of different aspects of criminal behavior. Yet there is little sign that, based on these findings, the responses of the criminal justice or of the psychological establishments have had much impact. It now seems clear that a major reason for such failures is that the aggressive style of responding, underlying most delinquent and criminal behavior, generally emerges very early in life but also appears to be a relatively stable, self-perpetuating behavior that is not readily amenable to change by the time it usually comes to the attention of society. Hence, it is imperative for researchers to examine the foundations of delinquent and criminal behavior in young children, and not just in adolescents or in young adults.
Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Technologies: Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Abstract Food waste valorization is receiving heightened attention due to increased population and demand for food in the 21st century. More efficient food systems with efficient disposal and valorization options are needed to utilize and valorize pre- and postconsumer food waste and food processing by-products to create a closed-loop sustainable bioeconomy and reduce the amount of food waste. Food waste characteristics can vary widely, including their physical and chemical properties and moisture content. Finding energy efficient technologies to convert high moisture pre- and postconsumer food waste into value-added chemicals and fuels will help enhance the productive utilization of many wastes produced in the food supply chain. This chapter focuses on the method of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) for converting suitable food waste feedstocks into value-added products including energy, chemicals, nutrients, and clean water. Also, integrating anaerobic digestion or catalytic hydrothermal gasification of aqueous phase by-products and upgrading HTL generated bio-oil into fuels and value-added chemicals are important options available to develop efficient closed-loop food waste management systems. As a result, emerging hydrothermal liquefaction technologies have the potential to become important alternatives to consider for valorizing high moisture content food waste.
Reflection on Evolutionary Decision Making with Goal Modeling Via Empirical Studies

Goal models have long been used in academia without wide spread adoption in industry. If the fundamental purpose of goal models is to allow stakeholders to generate scenarios and ask "what if" questions, then which parts of the process of model construction, analysis, and evolution benefit from and which are hindered by manual activities? The recent expansion of goal modelling to ask time-based questions further amplifies this issue because significant additional information is required from stakeholders. Through a series of empirical studies, we aim to isolate the processes of model construction, analysis, and evolution for the purpose of studying the utility of goal-oriented requirements engineering approaches and exploring which tasks are essential practices that stakeholders must complete themselves to gain modeling benefit, and which tasks can be simplified through automation. In this process, we will also measure the benefits of completing relevant goal modelling activities with and without timing analysis. In this short communication, we describe our objectives for understanding the benefits of and barriers to goal-oriented requirements engineering.
Ibrutinib dose and clinical outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia - learning from the 'real world'.

The first-in-class irreversible inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) ibrutinib has revolutionized the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) [1]. Ibrutinib is indicated for all pati...
Experimental Evidence for Differences in the Prosocial Effects of Binge-Watched Versus Appointment-Viewed Television Programs

This study investigated the influence of television consumption patterns on changes in attitudes toward depicted social out-groups. Participants were randomly assigned to view six episodes of Amazo...
High performance InAs/InAsSb Type-II superlattice mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors with double barrier

Abstract By introducing a double barrier design, a high performance InAs/InAsSb type-II superlattice mid-wavelength infrared photodetector has been demonstrated. The photodetector exhibits a cut-off wavelength of ~4.50 µm at 150 K. At 150 K and −120 mV applied bias, the photodetector exhibits a dark current density of 1.21 × 10−5 A/cm2, a quantum efficiency of 45% at peak responsivity (~3.95 µm), and a specific detectivity of 6.9 × 1011 cm·Hz1/2/W. The photodetector shows background-limited operating temperature up to 160 K.
Sexual Violence and Criminal Justice in the 21st Century

In recent years, no area of criminal law has received more public attention than the laws on sexual violence. Discussions about the need for reforms have exhibited a mobilizing force extending far beyond the legal community. From a legal perspective, these discussions concern intricate normative questions regarding the content of the right to sexual autonomy and the suitability of the consent paradigm to establish the limitations of its protection under criminal law. At the same time, they ultimately concern the question of gender-related societal power hierarchies. Acknowledging these broader socio-political dimensions allows us to comprehend the highly contentious manner in which this debate is often conducted. This Special Issue attempts to analyze from a transnational perspective both the fundamental legal and socio-political questions in the current discussions on sexual violence and criminal justice. A recurring theme is the question as to whether criminal law can be used not only as an instrument of repressive social control, but also as a means of power-critical – even emancipatory – social policy.
Are Antitrust "Treble" Damages Really Single Damages?

This Article will show that antitrust violations do not actually give rise to "treble" damages. When viewed correctly, antitrust damages awards are approximately equal to, or are in fact less than, the actual damages caused by antitrust violations.The article demonstrates this by analyzing the relatively quantifiable harms from antitrust violations, modeling the issues under both deterrence and compensation frameworks. It calculates rough estimates of those factors that affect the magnitude of the antitrust damages multiplier actually awarded. These adjustments to the "treble" damages multiplier arise from: (1) the lack of prejudgment interest; (2) the effects of the statute of limitations; (3) plaintiffs' attorneys' fees and costs; (4) other costs to plaintiffs pursuing cases; (5) costs to the judicial system in handling antitrust cases; (6) "umbrella" effects of market power; (7) allocative inefficiency effects of market power; and (8) tax effects.The article then combines these adjustments using both deterrence and compensation frameworks. It compares the sum of the damages caused by antitrust violations to the typical amounts awarded to successful plaintiffs to determine, on average, the true effective ratio of recovery to damages. This analysis show that when all the appropriate adjustments are considered together, awarded damages are, at most, probably at the single level. From either a deterrence or compensation perspective, the Article concludes by discussing some implications of this finding in light of the consensus that antitrust damages should be substantially higher than singlefold to account for detection problems, proof problems, and risk aversion. For these reasons the Article urges that antitrust damages levels be raised by, for example, awarding prejudgment interest.
The stress field in an edge cracked plate in anti-plane deformation

The anti-plane strain problems of an edge cracked elastic plate under 1) uniform surface displacement load and 2) surface line loads are solved using conformal mapping techniques. The solutions yield stress, strain and displacement distributions and stress intensity factors in the plate.
Observer based sliding mode control of uncertain chaotic systems

A sliding mode control scheme combined with a nonlinear observer is proposed for control of uncertain chaotic systems. The control design is based on Lyapunov direct method for dealing with uncertainties with known bounds. Second and third order chaotic systems whose states are estimated through a nonlinear observer are stabilized by the sliding mode control. The numerical results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed technique.
I May Not Know Who I Am, But I Know Who I'm Not: Self-Awareness and Actualization in the Harry Potter Series

There is little doubt that the Harry Potter series demonstrates the classic struggle of good and evil for which many critics applaud; readers can easily identify Harry as the embodiment of good and Voldemort as the embodiment of evil. While there has been much discussion of Harry's role exemplifying a good and moral character, little has been written of Voldemort's development. This article argues that the key to understanding this aspect rests in the relationships and development of the key characters. The psychological development of, and interaction between, the characters the characters exemplify one of the most important aspects of the series: individual choice.
Lipschitz Properties of Nonsmooth Functions and Set-Valued Mappings via Generalized Differentiation and Applications

In this paper, we revisit the Mordukhovich's subdifferential criterion for Lipschitz continuity of nonsmooth functions and coderivative criterion for the Aubin/Lipschitz-like property of set-valued mappings in finite dimensions. The criteria are useful and beautiful results in modern variational analysis showing the state of the art of the field. As an application, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for Lipschitz continuity of the minimal time function and the scalarization function, that play an important role in many aspects of nonsmooth analysis and optimization.
Shrines in Africa: History, Politics, and Society

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2008 Pages: 240 Publisher: University of Calgary Press ISBN: 978-1-55238-246-2 (soft cover). Prices: $39.95 USD(soft cover).
A high efficient biometrics approach for unconstrained iris segmentation and recognition

This dissertation develops an innovative approach towards less-constrained iris biometrics. Two major contributions are made in this research endeavor: (1) Designed an award-winning segmentation algorithm in the less-constrained environment where image acquisition is made of subjects on the move and taken under visible lighting conditions, and (2) Developed a pioneering iris biometrics method coupling segmentation and recognition of the iris based on video of moving persons under different acquisitions scenarios. The first part of the dissertation introduces a robust and fast segmentation approach using still images contained in the UBIRIS (version 2) noisy iris database. The results show accuracy estimated at 98% when using 500 randomly selected images from the UBIRIS.v2 partial database, and estimated at 97% in a Noisy Iris Challenge Evaluation (NICE.I) in an international competition that involved 97 participants worldwide involving 35 countries, ranking this research group in sixth position. This accuracy is achieved with a processing speed nearing real time. The second part of this dissertation presents an innovative segmentation and recognition approach using video-based iris images. Following the segmentation stage which delineates the iris region through a novel segmentation strategy, some pioneering experiments on the recognition stage of the less-constrained video iris biometrics have been accomplished. In the video-based and less-constrained iris recognition, the test or subject iris videos/images and the enrolled iris images are acquired with different acquisition systems. In the matching step, the verification/identification result was accomplished by comparing the similarity distance of encoded signature from test images with each of the signature dataset from the enrolled iris images. With the improvements gained, the results proved to be highly accurate under the unconstrained environment which is more challenging. This has led to a false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0% and a false rejection rate (FRR) of 17.64% for 85 tested users with 305 test images from the video, which shows great promise and high practical implications for iris biometrics research and system design.
JuliusC: a practical approach for the analysis of divide-and-conquer algorithms

The development of divide and conquer (D&C) algorithms for matrix computations has led to the widespread use of high- performance scientific applications and libraries. In turn, D&C algorithms can be implemented using loop nests or recursion. Recursion is extremely appealing because it is an intuitive means for the deployment of top-down techniques, which exploit data locality and parallelism naturally. However, recursion has been considered impractical for high-performance codes, mostly because of the inherent overhead of the division process into small subproblems. In this work, we develop techniques to model the behavior of recursive algorithms in a way suitable for use by a compiler in estimating and reducing the division process overheads. We describe these techniques and JuliusC, a (lite) C compiler, which we developed to exploit them. JuliusC unfolds the application call graph (partially) and extracts the relations among function calls. As a final result, it produces a directed acyclic graph (DAG) modeling the function calls concisely. The approach is a combination of compile-time and run-time analysis and both have negligible complexity. We illustrate the applicability of our approach by studying 6 test cases. We present the analysis results and we show how our (optimizing) compiler can use these results to increase the efficiency of the division process between 14 to 20 million times, for our codes.
Forebody and missile side forces and the time analogy

A review of the 2-D, impulsively started cylinder literature is given to identify a number of physical parameters that can impact the nondimensional time at which vortex asymmetries begin. These parameters are then related to 3-D testing and explain the lack of data repeatability. The implications of these parameters on 3-D computational modeling is also discussed. An ad hoc form of the time analogy is then used to analyze and organize a slender body data base. An important result of the analysis is that the sectional side force in the nose region is a key to understanding the side force behavior for the configuration as a whole. The nose side force at the first pressure station is shown, for the data analyzed, to uniquely determine the rest of the side force development for laminar flow and to correlate with roll orientation independent of angle of attack and Reynolds number.
Technical change and profits: The prisoner's dilemma

Abstract We examine the implications of biased-lower marginal, but higher fixed, cost—technical change in a model of oligopoly. Such changes create an incentive for firms to adopt new technologies in a quest for increased output, market share, and profits. These individual incentives lead to a prisoner's dilemma: the increase in firms' outputs causes market price to fall. The analysis specifies conditions under which the decrease in price will result in lower profits for both the individual firms and the industry as a whole.
The significance of Caribbeanist Anthropology: A bibliographic history

Anthropology was a late‐comer to the Caribbean and only after World War II did the study of Caribbean culture and societies become less exceptional. Early in this century when anthropology was first making itself over as an ethnographic science, anthropologists concentrated on tribal peoples. For most of the post‐Columbian era, the Caribbean region, with a few minor exceptions, was without indigenous tribal societies. Even after anthropology turned its attention to the study of peasantries, Caribbean peasantries were ignored in favor of more stable and tradition‐oriented peasant societies in other parts of Latin America. When anthropologists began to study Caribbean peoples in a more serious and systematic fashion, they found that they had to develop new concepts to explain the variation, flexibility, and heterogeneity that characterized regional culture. These concepts have had a significant impact on social and cultural theory and on the broader contemporary dialogue about cultural diversity and multicu...