cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survivorship analysis of cemented total condylar knee arthroplasty.

From 1977 to 1989, the authors performed and prospectively followed 151 cemented total condylar knee arthroplasties in 113 patients. A metal-backed tibial component was implanted in 133 knees (88%). The mean followup of all knees was 7 years (range, 0.5-16 years) ; 36 knees were seen in followup for a minimum of 10 years. Survivorship analysis was used to calculate the predicted cumulative rate of success of these knees. Using the criteria for failure as revision performed or recommended, the 10-year survival of these knees was 96.9% (95% confidence interval, 93.8%-100%). Including those knees with radiographic loosening, the 10-year survival was 84.1% (95% confidence interval, 73.4%-96.3%). The cemented total condylar prosthesis remains the standard for success and durability of total knee arthroplasties.
Assessing the Value of Treatment to Address Various Symptoms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: Results from a Contingent Valuation Study.

Background Although it is well recognized that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience impairments in addition to limited mobility, there has been little effort to study their relative importance to patients with the condition. The objective of this study was to assess patient preferences for addressing various MS symptoms.
Bus Voltage Control of Cascaded Buck–Boost Power Amplifier Driving Inductive Load With 2.3-kW Peak Power

Voltage of a bus capacitor in a cascaded buck-boost power amplifier is controlled to shape current in an inductive load. Switch-mode converter and inverter output higher power with higher efficiency than linear amplifiers. However, controlling current in the inductive load with low damping is not straightforward due to its inherent instability. Voltage-mode control of a front-end buck converter adjusts the envelope of the load current through a downstream resonant boost inverter and stabilizes the system. The resonant boost inverter is modeled into a low-frequency equivalent circuit, and a control loop is designed to avoid interaction between the buck converter and resonant boost inverter. Experimental results proved that the buck converter with the voltage loop of which bandwidth and phase margin are 150 kHz and 67° shaped the envelope of load current into 10-kHz (23.5-kHz) sine wave when the average output power was 320 W (90 W). Instantaneous maximum power of the prototype circuit was 2.3 kW and estimated efficiency was 96%.
The use of ultrasound in the study of articulatory properties of vowels in clear speech.

ABSTRACTAlthough the acoustic properties of clear speech have been extensively studied, its underlying articulatory details have not been well understood. The purpose of the present study is twofold: To examine the specific articulatory processes of clear speech using ultrasound and to investigate whether and how the type of listener (hard of hearing, normal hearing) and the lexical property of words (frequency) interact in the production of clear speech. To this end, we examined productions of /ɑ/, /ae/ and /u/ from 16 speakers of US English. Overall, our ultrasound results suggested that the tongue’s highest point moved in a direction that exaggerated the three vowels’ phonological features, resulting in an expanded articulatory vowel space for the hard-of-hearing listener and low-frequency words. No interaction was found between the listener and word frequency, suggesting that the effects of word frequency hold constant across the two types of listeners.
Damping of a fluid-conveying pipe surrounded by a viscous annulus fluid

Abstract To further the development of a downhole vibration based energy harvester, this study explores how fluid velocity affects damping in a fluid-conveying pipe stemming from a viscous annulus fluid. A linearized equation of motion is formed which employs a hydrodynamic forcing function to model the annulus fluid. The system is solved in the frequency domain through the use of the spectral element method. The three independent variables investigated are the conveyed fluid velocity, the rotational stiffness of the boundary (using elastic springs), and the annulus fluid viscosity. It was found that, due to the hydrodynamic functions frequency-dependence, increasing the conveyed fluid velocity increases the systems damping ratio. It was also noted that stiffer systems saw the damping ratio increase at a slower rate when compared to flexible systems as the conveyed fluid velocity was increased. The results indicate that overestimating the stiffness of a system can lead to underestimated damping ratios and that this error is made worse if the produced fluid velocity or annulus fluid viscosity is underestimated. A numeric example was provided to graphically illustrate these errors. Approved for publication, LA-UR-15-28006.
Augmenting state cancer registry data for quality-of-care assessment: A Georgia-based application to evaluate receipt of adjuvant therapies for breast cancer and colorectal cancer.

5 Background: The value of linking population-based cancer registry data with insurance claims files to assess quality of care has been demonstrated in numerous studies, including those using NCI’s linked SEER-Medicare database, covering patients age 65+ in fee-for-service plans, and studies linking registry data with Medicaid, private insurance, or managed care data covering the under-65 population. We describe a prototype program linking registry data with multiple data sources to assess quality of care for at-risk populations in a defined geographical area. Methods: Data exchange agreements were executed among the investigative site (Emory University), Georgia state government, and the claims data sources/vendors. We linked Georgia Cancer Registry (GCR) records for 1999-2005 incident cases of breast and colorectal cancer with enrollment and medical services records from Medicare, Medicaid, Kaiser Permanente of Georgia, and the State Health Benefit Plan (SHBP) which covers all state workers and dependen...
Treating, Fast and Slow: Americans’ Understanding of and Responses to Low‐Value Care

Policy Points: Effectively addressing low-value care calls for engaging the public, including the one-third of Americans who currently cannot envision benefits from avoiding low-value care. Public awareness of and response to low-value care can be enhanced through revised media messaging. These efforts are more effective if they emphasize health risks rather than the financial costs associated with unnecessary tests and treatments. Long-term robust public support for addressing low-value care may require shifting the focus from particular tests and treatments to emphasize, instead, the potential for better communication and more personalized attention if clinicians spend more time talking and less time testing. Context As much as 30% of US health care spending may be unnecessary. The Choosing Wisely campaign, now active in a dozen countries, addresses this problem in part through public education campaigns. This article explores Americans’ understanding of low-value care in 2015, assesses the impact of media messaging, and tests alternative message framing. Methods We use a mixed-methods design incorporating (1) 8 focus groups exploring Americans’ understanding of and language for low-value care, (2) 48 intensive interviews with patients on their interactions with physicians regarding questions of cost and value, (3) a national survey of 920 respondents examining their awareness of low-value care, and (4) a survey experiment with 785 participants, testing the impact of media messages on attitudes about low-value care, treatment choices, and selection of a primary care clinician. Findings One-third of Americans have difficulty envisioning benefits from avoiding low-value care, a figure that increases to half for less educated and minority respondents. Most Americans who anticipate benefits hope that less testing and treatment will be replaced by more interactive and personalized care. Even without media priming, many Americans would avoid common forms of low-value care like unnecessary antibiotics or excess imaging for lower back pain, but few favor clinicians who avoid these practices. Although the public's awareness and actions are increased and disparities are reduced by media messaging, conventional messages also exacerbate the blame placed on providers. Avoiding low-value care is enhanced, blaming providers is reduced, and disparities are further diminished if messages put more emphasis on the health risks of these tests and treatments. Conclusions The public's awareness of low-value care is incomplete, with substantial disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Media messaging can help fill these gaps but, in the short run, would be enhanced by fine-tuning how low-value care is characterized. In the longer run, building robust public support for reducing low-value care may require refocusing attention away from specific tests and treatments and toward the relational benefits for patients if clinicians spent less time on testing and more time on personalized care.
Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors

Germ cell tumors in the pediatric age group conform a heterogeneous collection of neoplastic entities whose common denominator is their origin in progenitor germ cells. The three major types include teratoma, embryonal carcinoma/yolk sac tumor, and seminoma/dysgerminoma. Their common extragonadal locations are consistent with migratory pathways of primitive germ cells during the embryo–fetal development and tend to predominate in younger patients, while their appearance in ovaries and testes, occurring across the pediatric age spectrum, reflects the abundance of germ cells in those organs. Their fascinating and large morphologic spectrum reveals the wide potentiality characteristic of germ cells.
Intellectual Humility: Scale Development and Theoretical Elaborations in the Context of Religious Leadership

This article focused on how perceptions of intellectual humility (IH)—humility regarding one's knowledge or influence over ideas—affect relationships with religious leaders. We developed an informa...
Sexual dimorphism of complement-dependent microglial synaptic pruning in the developing brain

Sexual dimorphism has been reported in the prevalence, onset and progression of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesize that immunological signaling in the developing brain, notably the complement cascade underlying microglial synaptic pruning, could be one mechanism for this dimorphism. Here we show that genes differentially expressed between male and female normal cortical development are enriched for pathways associated with the activation of the innate immune system, complement cascade and phagocytic processes. Specifically, the male brain is enriched for the expression of genes associated with phagocytic function of microglia through complement-dependent synaptic pruning especially at the developmental stages before birth. Our results suggest the existence of a common regulatory module involved in both prenatal immune activation in males and postnatal immune activation in females. The activation of immune pruning pathways at different stages of normal male and female development could provide valuable insights about critical periods of plasticity and refinement in the human cortex that could explain the different vulnerabilities of males and females to neurological disorders.
Gender and Unpaid Work

Gender remains strongly associated with women’s and men’s patterns of unpaid work. The amount of time invested in unpaid work as opposed to paid work, the distribution of unpaid work time among specific tasks, and the patterns of care and responsibility are all determined to a large degree by one’s gender. Women continue to spend more time than men on housework, whether they are employed or not; they continue to do more of the work involved in caring for children and to take more responsibility for that work; and finally, women’s volunteer activities are more likely to be related to family than are men’s.
Do older adults with Alzheimer's disease engage in estate planning and advance care planning preparation?

ABSTRACTObjectives: This study investigated the estate planning and advance care planning (ACP) of older adults diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) for the presence of (1) a valid will, (2) a d...
Summary and Research Strategies

Review of the three research workshops reveals the recurrence of themes and issues across the environmental domains, but also important matters addressed in one area and neglected in others. For example, Table I represents estimates of the current state-of-the-art for research on the major issues delineated in Chapter 1, across the principal environmental domains. This summary matrix consists of best estimates of the number of studies available, based upon recent review papers by Brush, Marans, Barker, Coughlin, and Weinstein, discussed in the three research workshops, and a final consultative review session attended by participants drawn from each of the research workshops. Table I is descriptive of the present organization of research activity.
Environmental Social Work in the Disciplinary Literature, 1991–2015

Despite increasing acknowledgment that the social work profession must address environmental concerns, relatively little is known about the state of scholarship on environmental social work. This s...
Osmotic Collaborative Computing for Machine Learning and Cybersecurity Applications in Industrial IoT Networks and Cyber Physical Systems with Gaussian Mixture Models

To implement machine learning algorithms and other useful algorithms in industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), new computing approaches are needed to prevent costs associated with having to install state of the art edge analytic devices. A suitable approach may include collaborative edge computing using available, resource-constrained IoT edge analytic hardware. In this paper, collaborative computing method is used to construct a popular and very useful waveform for IoT analytics, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). GMM parameters are learned in the cloud, but the GMMs are constructed at the IIoT edge layer. GMMs are constructed using C28x, a ubiquitous, low-cost, embedded digital signal processor (DSP) that is widely available in many pre-existing IIoT infrastructures and in many edge analytic devices. Several GMMs including 2-GMM and 3-GMMs are constructed using the C28x DSP and Embedded C to show that GMM designs could be achieved in form of an osmotic microservice from the IIoT edge to the IIoT fog layer. Designed GMMs are evaluated using their differential and zero-crossings and are found to satisfy important waveform design criteria. At the fog layer, constructed GMMs are then applied for novelty detection, an IIoT cybersecurity and fault-monitoring application and are found to be able to detect anomalies in IIoT machine data using Hampel identifier, 3-Sigma rule, and the Boxplot rule. The osmotic collaborative computing method advocated in this paper will be crucial in ensuring the possibility of shifting many complex applications such as novelty detection and other machine learning based cybersecurity applications to edges of large scale IoT networks using low-cost widely available DSPs.
FMRI correlates of olfactory processing in typically-developing school-aged children

Human olfactory processing is understudied relative to other sensory modalities, despite its links to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. To address this limitation, we developed a fast, robust fMRI odor paradigm that is appropriate for all ages and levels of cognitive functioning. To test this approach, thirty-four typically developing children aged 7-12 underwent fMRI during brief, repeated exposure to phenylethyl alcohol, a flower-scented odor. Prior to fMRI scanning, olfactory testing (odor detection and identification) was conducted. During fMRI stimulus presentation, odorant release was synchronized to each participant's inspiratory phase to ensure participants were inhaling during the odorant exposure. Between group differences and correlations between activation and odor detection threshold scores were tested using the FMRIB Software Library. Results demonstrated that our 2-min paradigm significantly activated primary and secondary olfactory regions. In addition, a significant relationship between odor detection threshold and higher activation in the right amygdala and lower activation in the left frontal, insular, occipital, and cerebellar regions was observed, suggesting that this approach is sensitive to individual differences in olfactory processing. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of studying olfactory function in children using brain imaging techniques.
Time-Interval Measurement of Stuttering

The study reported in this paper was designed to replicate and extend the results of an earlier study (Ingham, Cordes, & Gow, 1993) that investigated time-interval judgments of stuttering. Results confirmed earlier findings that interjudge agreement is higher for these interval-recording tasks than has been previously reported for event-based analyses of stuttering judgments or for time-interval analyses of event judgments. Results also confirmed an earlier finding that judges with intrajudge agreement levels of 90% or better show higher interjudge agreement than judges with lower intrajudge agreement scores. This study failed to find differences between audiovisual and audio-only judgment conditions; between relatively experienced and relatively inexperienced student judges; and, most importantly, between the judgments made, and the agreement levels achieved, by judges from two different clinical research settings. The implications of these findings for attempts to develop a reliable measurement method f...
Solute Fluxes Through Restored Prairie and Intensively Managed Critical Zones in Nebraska and Iowa

Agricultural activities in the Midwestern United States have potentially altered geochemical fluxes within the critical zone (CZ) compared to native prairie systems that previously dominated the region. To quantify the impact of agricultural land use on soil and stream solute behavior, we studied two watersheds in the region: Glacier Creek Preserve (GCP) in eastern Nebraska and the Intensively Managed Landscapes Critical Zone Observatory (IML-CZO) in eastern Iowa. Both watersheds were initially under agricultural land use for over 100 years, but part of each watershed was restored to prairie 20 – 50 years ago. Soils at both sites formed in thick loess (≥6 m) overlying glacial till with similar mean annual temperatures (~10 °C) but slightly higher mean annual precipitation in Iowa (89 cm) compared to Nebraska (78 cm). At both sites, soil pore water and precipitation were collected every two to four weeks to measure anions, cations, and alkalinity; stream waters draining either restored prairie or agriculture were sampled similarly in Nebraska. Both soil moisture content and electrical conductivity were consistently higher in the upper one meter of agricultural soils compared to prairie soils in Nebraska, implying slower drainage and higher solute concentrations in the agricultural soils. At both sites, soil pore water Ca+2 and Mg+2 concentrations and annual fluxes were significantly higher in agricultural soils compared to restored prairie. Conversely, streams draining restored prairie have significantly higher Ca+2 and Mg+2 concentrations than the agricultural streams. Fluxes from agricultural streams, however, were higher than the prairie, pointing to a potential dilution effect of runoff from the agricultural land use. These observations lead to a conceptual model where deeply infiltrating water in restored prairie soils interacts with minerals present deeper in the soil before reaching the stream whereas in agricultural soils water does not infiltrate as deeply and thus experiences more shallow flowpaths to the stream. Furthermore, changes in geochemical and hydrologic fluxes have been realized in just a few decades since switching land use from agriculture to prairie. Thus, intense agricultural land use may alter soil function and solute transport to streams compared to critical zones hosting tallgrass prairie vegetation.
Synchronization of E. Coli K 12 by membrane selection

E. coli K 12 Hfr and F− strains were synchronized using the membrane selection technique (1,2). The bacteria were deposited onto a Polyvic (Polyvinyl chloride) Membrane and eluted with growth medium. About 20 percent of the Hfr strain and 7 to 9 percent of the F− strain remained bound to the membrane and at division, each bacterial strain yielded a culture of the youngest cells in an exponential population.
Creatinine Metabolism in Chronic Renal Failure

1. Creatinine metabolism was studied in nine patients with severe chronic renal failure who were nevertheless in a nearly steady state with respect to their creatinine pool. Labelled creatinine was injected intravenously and the specific radioactivity of creatinine in urine was measured during the ensuing 5–7 days. 2. In each patient, the decline in specific radioactivity with time was a single exponential function after 12 h. The volume of distribution of creatinine averaged 49.1 ± 2.8% body weight. The average rate of creatinine production was 148 μmol day −1 kg −1 , which is similar to predicted values for normal subjects of the same age, weight and sex. Creatinine metabolism rate/kg body weight, estimated as the difference between production rate/kg body weight, determined radioisotopically, and creatinine appearance rate (excretion plus accumulation), averaged 42 μmol day −1 kg −1 . 3. Total creatinine metabolism rate/kg body weight was correlated with serum creatinine. Thus, as serum creatinine rises, an increasing fraction of the produced creatinine was metabolized rather than excreted. This relationship could account for the diminished creatinine excretion commonly seen in patients with chronic renal failure. 4. Extrarenal clearance (metabolism/serum creatinine) of this magnitude (approximately 31% of renal clearance in these patients) would be an undetectably small fraction of normal renal clearance. This could explain the absence of demonstrable creatinine metabolism in normal subjects. 5. Two pathways of metabolism were identified: a recycling of creatinine to creatine and an irreversible degradation of creatinine to products other than creatine.
Youth source of acquisition for E-Cigarettes

Abstract As rates of traditional cigarette smoking have decreased among youth over the past several years, rates of e-cigarette use have increased. Little evidence exists on how youth obtain e-cigarettes. We used data from middle and high school students under the age of 18 who reported using an e-cigarette in the past 30 days from the 2017 North Carolina Youth Tobacco Survey (n = 640). We used chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions to examine correlates of access and place of acquisition. Over half (51.5%) of youth report acquiring e-cigarettes from a friend. Youth in 12th grade had higher odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a vape shop (aOR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.25, 5.15) or retail outlet (aOR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.90) than youth in middle school. Compared to non-Hispanic white youth, Hispanic youth had lower odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a vape shop (aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.87). Youth living with someone who uses e-cigarettes, compared to those who did not, had higher odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a family member (aOR: 3.95, 95% CI: 1.94, 8.05). Finally, current smokers had higher odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a retail outlet (aOR: 3.28, 95% CI: 1.88, 5.70) and lower odds of acquiring e-cigarettes from a friend (aOR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.77). Youth primarily reported obtaining e-cigarettes from a friend. Living with someone who uses e-cigarettes may be a risk factor for acquiring e-cigarettes from family members. Identifying sources of e-cigarette acquisition will help inform interventions preventing youth e-cigarette access.
Analyses of the immunologically relevant gene transcript by qRT-PCR in primary cutaneous melanoma by the young and the elderly.

e21135 Background: To understand the dynamics of anti tumor immune responses (IR) in the setting of the ageing immune system, we examined immunologically relevant gene transcripts in formalin fixed...
The adaptive nature of coercive interactions between parents and their children with defiant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: implications for treatment

Abstract Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) behavior are likely to develop responses characteristic of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). While neurodevelopmental ADHD behavior has genetic roots, the conditioning of child defiance can be conceptualized as a behavioral process. The present analysis describes how coercive parent-child interactions are likely to lead to the conditioning and maintenance of defiant behavior among children with ADHD and describes the putative functions of both harsh and lax parenting behavior, and defiant child behavior. The analysis suggests that defiance might serve as a response class among children with ADHD. Factors that further potentiate the conditioning of defiant behavior among children with ADHD include the aversive nature of tasks that require attending skills, temporal discounting common among children with ADHD, and the ADHD behavior of parents. A case study exemplifies implications for treatment.
Optimization of quantitative time-resolved 3D (4D) digital subtraction angiography in a porcine liver model

Time-resolved three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA) can be used to quantify blood velocity. Contrast pulsatility, a major discriminant on 4D-DSA, is yet to be optimized. We investigated the effects of different imaging and injection parameters on sideband ratio (SBR), a measure of contrast pulsatile strength, within the hepatic vasculature of an in vivo porcine model. Fifty-nine hepatic 4D-DSA procedures were performed in three female domestic swine (mean weight 54 kg). Contrast injections were performed in the common hepatic artery with different combinations of imaging duration (6 s or 12 s), injection rates (from 1.0 to 2.5 mL/s), contrast concentration (50% or 100%), and catheter size (4 Fr or 5 Fr). Reflux was recorded. SBR and vessel cross-sectional areas were calculated in 289 arterial segments. Multiple linear mixed-effects models were estimated to determine the effects of parameters on SBR and cross-sectional vessel area. Twelve-second acquisitions yielded a SBR higher than 6 s (p < 0.001). No significant differences in SBR were seen between different catheter sizes (p = 0.063) or contrast concentration (p = 0.907). For higher injection rates (2.5 mL/s), SBR was lower (p = 0.007) and cross-sectional area was higher (p < 0.001). Reflux of contrast does not significantly affect SBR (p = 0.087). The strength of contrast pulsatility used for flow quantitation with 4D-DSA can be increased by adjusting injection rates and using longer acquisition times. Reduction of contrast concentration to 50% is feasible and reflux of contrast does not significantly hinder contrast pulsatility.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Envy

Envy is a ubiquitous social emotion often associated with depression, hostility and shame. Often confused with jealousy which involves the fear or anger that a primary relationship is threatened by a third party, envy is an emotion focused on threats to status such that another person’s “gain” is viewed as a “loss” for the self. There is very little in the cognitive behavioral literature on the nature and treatment of envy. In this article I outline the research on the nature of envy, the evolutionary model of envy, the relevance of an integrative CBT model that draws on Beck’s Generic Cognitive Model and Emotional Schema Therapy, and the implications for case conceptualization and treatment.
Challenges in predicting Greenland supraglacial lake drainages at the regional scale

Abstract. A leading hypothesis for the mechanism of fast supraglacial lake drainages is that transient extensional stresses briefly allow crevassing in otherwise compressional ice flow regimes. Lake water can then hydrofracture a crevasse to the base of the ice sheet, and river inputs can maintain this connection as a moulin. If future ice sheet models are to accurately represent moulins, we must understand their formation processes, timescales, and locations. Here, we use remote-sensing velocity products to constrain the relationship between strain rates and lake drainages across ∼ 1600 km 2 in Pâkitsoq, western Greenland, between 2002–2019. We find significantly more extensional background strain rates at moulins associated with fast-draining lakes than at slow-draining or non-draining lake moulins. We test whether moulins in more extensional background settings drain their lakes earlier, but we find insignificant correlation. To investigate the frequency at which strain-rate transients are associated with fast lake drainage, we examined Landsat-derived strain rates over 16 and 32 d periods at moulins associated with 240 fast-lake-drainage events over 18 years. A low signal-to-noise ratio, the presence of water, and the multi-week repeat cycle obscured any resolution of the hypothesized transient strain rates. Our results support the hypothesis that transient strain rates drive fast lake drainages. However, the current generation of ice sheet velocity products, even when stacked across hundreds of fast lake drainages, cannot resolve these transients. Thus, observational progress in understanding lake drainage initiation will rely on field-based tools such as GPS networks and photogrammetry.
Incentivizing Investors for a Greener Economy

We propose the use of investment income taxes to incentivize investors to reallocate capital to the eco-friendly green sector away from the non-eco-friendly brown sector to reduce the climate change disaster which obliterates a fraction of capital in the economy. Compared with a Carbon tax on firms, investment income tax directly affects investors’ net returns and their capital allocation decision. Climate change disaster follows a Poisson process with intensity increasing in the fraction of capital allocated to the brown sector. The laissez-faire equilibrium is not Pareto efficient and brown (green) firms over-invest (under-invest) relative to the social optimum. We show that investment income tax can deliver the socially optimal allocation as effectively as the carbon tax, thus offer an additional policy tool to achieve a greener economy and reduce the climate change disaster risk.
Exploratory Subject Searching in Library Catalogs: Reclaiming the Vision

Librarians have had innovative ideas for ways to use subject and classification data to provide an improved online search experience for decades, and yet, after thirty-plus years of improvements in online catalogs, users continue to struggle with narrowing down their subject searches to produce manageable lists containing only relevant results. This article reports on one attempt to rectify that situation by radically re-envisioning the library catalog interface, enabling users to interact with and explore their search results in a profoundly different way. This new interface gives users the option of viewing a graphical overview of their results, grouped by discipline and subject. Results are depicted as a two-level treemap, which gives users a visual representation of the disciplinary perspectives (as represented by the main classes of the Library of Congress Classification) and topics (as represented by elements of the Library of Congress Subject Headings) included in the results.
Ground Snow Loads for the Western United States: State of the Art

AbstractA standard defines ground snow loads for much of the nation, with the exception of an 11-state area of the West where the terrain and complex weather patterns require local, regional, and statewide studies. Hence, many western states have published their own standards, which use data from the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the National Weather Service. The data are analyzed using a variety of snow densities, various probability density functions, and several mapping strategies. This paper presents a summary and information, along with unique features, for 11 western U.S. state reports. Many individual state studies do not agree at state borders, and frequently the standard specifies that case studies are required. Future study is suggested to (1) determine the effects of combining values from different probability density functions, (2) reconcile differing values at state borders, and (3) determine the return period that yields a reliability index of 3, with a load factor of unity so t...
Hidden Spaces, Silenced Practices and the Concept of Igba N'rira

Igbo male literary writers—Chinua Achebe, Onuora Nzekwu, and Cyprian Ekwensi—have been criticized for the sexism in their writings. Much of this charge is based on what is seen as their patriarchal representation of Igbo culture. As if to undercut the legitimacy of these critiques, the works of Igbo male legal theorists provide support for the writers’ views. For instance, in Modern Family Law in Southern Nigeria, S. N. Chinwuba Obi asserts that the smallest sub-division of families: “consists of a man/patriarch and his wife or wives with their unmarried children and any other dependents such as wards and domestic servants” (1966, 9). The society he described in Ibo Law of Property and the range of laws he examined were fundamentally patriarchal, masculinist and male privileging. There is no question that Obi’s description of Igbo family overlaps with Achebe’s picture of Okonkwo and his family. Okonkwo was a patriarch in the legal sense in which Obi defined it. In the words of his maternal uncle, Uchendu, he has “many wives and many children...[is] a great man in [his] clan” (134).
Spectral Graph Theory

Eigenvalues and the Laplacian of a graph Isoperimetric problems Diameters and eigenvalues Paths, flows, and routing Eigenvalues and quasi-randomness Expanders and explicit constructions Eigenvalues of symmetrical graphs Eigenvalues of subgraphs with boundary conditions Harnack inequalities Heat kernels Sobolev inequalities Advanced techniques for random walks on graphs Bibliography Index.
Electric power restructuring in Turkey

This paper presents the current status of Turkey's electricity power sector, efforts for introducing competition in the Turkey's power industry, and concerns with the restructuring in Turkey. The paper discusses social and technical problems that the Turkey's power industry is facing during the transition from monopoly to a competitive market. Recommendations are provided in the paper for achieving some of the objectives in electricity reforms.
Cavity enhanced magneto-optic rotation spectroscopy of combustion generated radicals

Summary from only given. We have combined a high-finesse cavity with a magneto-optic rotation (MOR) experiment to allow sensitive and selective observation of paramagnetic species. This cavity enhanced magneto-optic rotation (CEMOR) technique has greatly simplified detection of radicals in otherwise crowded regions.
AMPing Racial Attitudes: Comparing the Power of Explicit and Implicit Racism Measures in 2008

In 2008, ANES included for the first time—along with standard explicit measures of old-fashioned and symbolic racism—the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP), a relatively new implicit measure of racial attitudes. This article examines the extent to which four different measures of racial prejudice (three explicit and one implicit) predict public opinion during and after the 2008 election, including Americans' views towards several racial policy issues, their evaluations of, and feelings toward, Barack Obama, and their attitudes toward a Black president in general. Oversamples of African American and Latino respondents in the 2008 ANES enable us to broaden our tests of these measures beyond traditional White samples. We find that racial prejudice played an important role for all racial/ethnic groups but that the traditional explicit measures of racism are by far the stronger predictors for all of our dependent variables (compared to the new implicit measure) for both White and Black respondents. Surprisingly, the AMP adds clear explanatory power only to models in the Latino sample.
Accommodating RPC heterogeneities in large heterogeneous distributed environments

The authors focus on the design and implementation of an agent synthesis scheme. It is shown that an agent synthesis scheme is an effective method for dealing with the many instances of remote procedure call (RPC) heterogeneity in heterogeneous distributed environments. The RPC agent synthesis scheme has two components: a set of language constructs (Cicero) to describe RPC protocol constructions, and a program (Nestor) to synthesize and activate RPC agents automatically. A novel feature of Cicero is the use of event patterns to control synchrony, asynchrony, and concurrency in protocol execution. Nestor is a remote evaluation system specialized for synthesizing RPC agents. >
Development and Application of Agglomerated Multigrid Methods for Complex Geometries

We report progress in the development of agglomerated multigrid techniques for fully un- structured grids in three dimensions, building upon two previous studies focused on efficiently solving a model diffusion equation. We demonstrate a robust fully-coarsened agglomerated multigrid technique for 3D complex geometries, incorporating the following key developments: consistent and stable coarse-grid discretizations, a hierarchical agglomeration scheme, and line-agglomeration/relaxation using prismatic-cell discretizations in the highly-stretched grid regions. A signi cant speed-up in computer time is demonstrated for a model diffusion problem, the Euler equations, and the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for 3D realistic complex geometries.
Mindfulness meditation lowers muscle sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in African-American males with chronic kidney disease

Mindfulness meditation (MM) is a stress-reduction technique that may have real biological effects on hemodynamics but has never previously been tested in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the potential blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of MM are unknown. We sought to determine whether MM acutely lowers BP in CKD patients, and whether these hemodynamic changes are mediated by a reduction in sympathetic nerve activity. In 15 hypertensive African-American (AA) males with CKD, we conducted a randomized, crossover study in which participants underwent 14 min of MM or 14 min of BP education (control intervention) during two separate random-order study visits. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), beat-to-beat arterial BP, heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR) were continuously measured at baseline and during each intervention. A subset had a third study visit to undergo controlled breathing (CB) to determine whether a reduction in RR alone was sufficient in exacting hemodynamic changes. We observed a significantly greater reduction in systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure, and HR, as well as a significantly greater reduction in MSNA, during MM compared with the control intervention. Participants had a significantly lower RR during MM; however, in contrast to MM, CB alone did not reduce BP, HR, or MSNA. MM acutely lowers BP and HR in AA males with hypertensive CKD, and these hemodynamic effects may be mediated by a reduction in sympathetic nerve activity. RR is significantly lower during MM, but CB alone without concomitant meditation does not acutely alter hemodynamics or sympathetic activity in CKD.
Early surgical intervention and strategy in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I

Patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) are an unusual challenge to the endocrine surgeon. Pituitary disease is often treated without surgery, but nearly all patients will require parathyroidectomy for parathyroid hyperplasia. Subtotal parathyroidectomy can be accomplished with a very low rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism and an acceptable rate of recurrent hyperparathyroidism. The treatment of pancreaticoduodenal disease is quite controversial. Even when associated with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, early and aggressive surgical treatment should be considered to influence the hormonal syndrome as well as to address the malignant potential of both pancreatic and duodenal tumours. This includes distal pancreatectomy, enucleation of pancreatic head lesions, and duodenotomy with the resection of gastrinomas. Many patients may be completely cured of the manifestations of their disease. As MEN-1 is an uncommon entity, there are very few prospective, randomized data upon which to base surgical judgements.
Scheduling with priority dispatching rules and drum-buffer-rope in a recoverable manufacturing system

Abstract The development of environmentally conscious manufacturing systems has become of increasing concern. A recoverable manufacturing system is such a system and seeks to minimize waste through a variety of strategies, including remanufacturing. However, despite the growth in this type of systems, there are few established scheduling systems reported in the literature. Drum-buffer-rope has been shown to be successful in planning, scheduling and controlling remanufacturing operations, but to date there have been no formal examinations of what priority dispatching rules should be used at non-constraint work centers to best support drum-buffer-rope. This study examines a number of priority dispatching rules in combination with drum-buffer-rope under a variety of utilization levels, via a simulation model of an actual remanufacturing facility. The findings indicate that simple priority dispatching rules, such as first-in, first-out rule or earliest due-date, work best to support drum-buffer-rope, but that other factors must be considered when using drum-buffer-rope for scheduling in a remanufacturing environment with changing demand rates.
Sex pheromone communication in the odd beetle, Thylodrias contractes motschulsky (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Adult virgin females of the odd beetle,Thylodrias contractus, produce a volatile sex pheromone that influences the behavior of conspecific males and attracts them in laboratory olfactometer tests. The active substance can be collected by allowing virgin females to walk on absorbent paper disks. Disks exposed to mated females do not elicit a response from males. The male odd beetle repeatedly rubs the antennae, head, and thorax of a female with a setate glandular area on his second abdominal sternum during courtship, probably secreting a reciprocally active aphrodisiac substance.
The Quantitative Electrodeposition of Radioruthenium

A study has been made to determine the conditions necessary for the complete (~99%) electrodeposition of radioruthenium. Bright adherent deposits suitable for small radioactive sources were obtained from acid solutions containing moderately low concentrations () of ruthenium nitroso salts. The minimum cathode potential at which complete deposition was possible was about −0.45 volt vs. S.C.E.
Efficient Computation and Model Selection for the Support Vector Regression

In this letter, we derive an algorithm that computes the entire solution path of the support vector regression (SVR). We also propose an unbiased estimate for the degrees of freedom of the SVR model, which allows convenient selection of the regularization parameter.
RNA Polymerase Pausing Regulates Translation Initiation by Providing Additional Time for TRAP-RNA Interaction

Summary RNA polymerase (RNAP) pause sites have been identified in several prokaryotic genes. Although the presumed biological function of RNAP pausing is to allow synchronization of RNAP position with regulatory factor binding and/or RNA folding, a direct causal link between pausing and changes in gene expression has been difficult to establish. RNAP pauses at two sites in the Bacillus subtilis trpEDCFBA operon leader. Pausing at U107 and U144 participates in transcription attenuation and trpE translation control mechanisms, respectively. Substitution of U144 caused a substantial pausing defect in vitro and in vivo. These mutations led to increased trp operon expression that was suppressed by overproduction of TRAP, indicating that pausing at U144 provides additional time for TRAP to bind to the nascent transcript and promote formation of an RNA structure that blocks translation of trpE . These results establish that pausing is capable of playing a role in regulating translation in bacteria.
STATE SPACES IN SCATTERING THEORY

Earlier work on the definition of state spaces for a particle in quantum-mechanical theory is extended to the case of scattering in a Coulomb field. The existence of the Fock-Bargmann symmetry group for this field leads to separability of the Schr\"odinger equation in parabolic coordinates, which in turn allows one to define the parabolic-wave state space for a particle. A discussion is given of the WKB limit in scattering problems.
A just soldier's dilemma: facing a war that does not meet jus ad bellum criteria

In our challenging times individuals in military services may find themselves in the position of being called to contribute to a war whose overall justice they personally find morally suspect, or about which they have moral qualms. The right course of action in this situation can be a serious dilemma. Applying the principle of double effect to this dilemma recognizes essential state responsibility for war, but does not discount the soldier's personal moral responsibilities or individual will. This novel application of the principle of double effect treats damage produced by participating in a questionable war as a side-effect of pursuing other—clearly justifiable—intentions. The just war tradition already uses the principle of double effect when weighing the permissibility of individuals' acts in war, such as choosing bombing targets. The proposal here is to evaluate the decision to contribute to the war effort at all. This adaptation of the classic just war principle of double effect can be used to justi...
The role of the lysine binding sites of human plasminogen in the fibrinogen stimulated rate of active site formation in the streptokinase-plasminogen equimolar complex

Abstract The effect of various concentrations of e-amino caproic acid (EACH) on the rate of active site formation in the human plasminogen moiety of the streptokinase-plasminogen equimolar complex has been studied in the absence and presence of human fibrinogen fragment D1(FD1). In the absence of FD1, the pseudo first order rate constant (kobs) for active site development in this complex ranges from 8.4–17.9 × 10−3 sec−1 with Glul-plasminogen (Glul-Pg), Lys77-plasminogen (Lys77-Pg), and Val442-plasminogen (Val442-Pg) at levels of EACA from 0–25 mM. In the presence of 2 μM FD1, the kobs for active site formation in the SK·Glu1-Pg complex, of 60.1 × 10−3 sec−1, was not altered significantly as the EACA level was increased to 25 mM. Similarly, in the SK· Lys77-Pg complex, the kobs for active site formation, of 62.1 × 10−3 sec−1, was essentially unchanged as the EACA level was increased to 25 mM. Finally, the kobs for active site formation in the SK·Val442-Pg complex, of 113.6 × 10−3 sec−1, was also unaffected at levels of EACA up to 5 mM, with a slight inhibition at 25 mM EACA. These results show that the stimulation of active site formation in the equimolar SK·Pg complex by fibrinogen fragment D1 is mediated by sites separate from the lysine binding sites of plasminogen.