cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Digestion Characteristics of Unprocessed and Processed Whole Grains and Their Components

Chemical composition and in vitro digestion properties of select whole grains, before and after processing, and their components were measured. Substrates included barley, corn, oat, rice, and wheat. In addition to whole grain flours, processed substrates also were tested as were corn bran, oat bran, wheat bran, and wheat germ. Processing of most substrates resulted in higher dry matter and digestible starch and lower resistant starch concentrations. Dietary fiber fractions varied among substrates with processing. Digestion profiles for most substrates correlated well with their chemical composition. Corn bran and rice substrates were the least fermentable. Extrusion rendered barley, corn, and wheat more hydrolytically digestible and barley and oat more fermentatively digestible. Except for corn bran, all components had greater or equal fermentability compared with their native whole grains. Understanding digestion characteristics of whole grains and their components will allow for more accurate utilization of these ingredients in food systems.
Lifetime of the astrophysically important 4.03-MeV state in {sup 19}Ne

The $^{15}\mathrm{O}$($\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ reaction is one of the most important breakout reactions for the hot CNO cycles. However, the relevant states in $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ at excitation energies of 4--5 MeV have not been well studied. The lifetimes of these states are not known and are only constrained by experimental upper and lower limits. In particular, accurate knowledge of the \ensuremath{\gamma}- and \ensuremath{\alpha}-decay widths of the 4.03-MeV state of $^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$ is important, since the resonance strength of this level dominates the reaction rate for the astrophysically relevant temperatures ${T}_{9}l0.6$. In this work, we employed an improved Doppler-shifted attenuation method to obtain lifetime values of this and other states via $^{17}\mathrm{O}$($^{3}\mathrm{He}$, $n\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{19}\mathrm{Ne}$. For the 4.03-MeV state, the measured excitation energy is $4034.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8$ keV and the mean lifetime, measured here for the first time, is ${13}_{\ensuremath{-}6}^{+9}$ fs at the confidence level of $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and ${13}_{\ensuremath{-}9}^{+16}$ fs at the confidence level of $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$. This result is in excellent agreement with the 9-fs prediction by Langanke, Wiescher, Fowler, and G\"orres.
The distribution and kinetics of nuclei in rat osteoclasts.

. Osteoclast development and growth were studied by determining the number of labelled nuclei in osteoclasts of different sizes (based on the number of nuclei per osteoclast, N/O) and the number of osteoclasts with labelled nuclei at various intervals after tritiated thymidine ([3H]TdR) injection in young rats. The osteoclast smears were made from the cellular periosteum of the proximal tibia. The frequency distribution of the N/O osteoclasts types in the smears had profiles similar to that of in situ osteoclasts in whole mounts of proximal tibia, which indicates that the osteoclast population of the smears was representative of that on the bone surface. A vast majority of the osteoclasts had a 1–6 N/O, and a number of the cells had as many as 26 or more nuclei. Furthermore, profiles of N/O frequency distributions were similar over the course of the study. Nuclei with [3H]TdR label were initially observed in osteoclasts between 4 and 12 hr after isotope injection. However, fusion of labelled nuclei to osteoclasts continued for at least 150 hr. In general, the labelled osteoclasts exhibited a significantly larger number of nuclei than the unlabelled osteoclasts. The probability of an osteoclast incorporating one or more labelled nuclei increased with time after injection and with an increase in N/O. Labelling intensity decreased with time post injection and with an increase in N/O. The data suggest that turnover of nuclei is more rapid in osteoclasts with high N/O values.
Unilateral Cleft Lip and Nasal Repair: The Rotation–Advancement Flap Technique

The comprehensive treatment of cleft lip and palate deformities requires thoughtful consideration of the anatomic complexities of the deformity and the delicate balance between intervention and growth. The primary cleft lip and nose repair occurs first, and sets the stage for the remainder of the procedures. Specific goals of surgical care for children born with cleft lip and palate include: • Normalized aesthetic appearance of the lip and nose • Intact primary and secondary palate • Normal speech, language, and hearing • Nasal airway patency • Class I occlusion with normal masticatory function • Good dental and periodontal health • Normal psychosocial development The surgical reconstruction of clefts requires that the surgeon maintain a cognitive understanding of the complex malformation itself, the varied operative techniques employed, facial growth considerations, and the psychosocial health of the patient and family. This article aims to present the overall reconstructive approach for repair of the unilateral cleft lip and nose deformity using the rotation-advancement repair technique modified from the original description by Millard. Several other techniques exist and are used in various forms by most surgeons. In fact, many surgeons use a combination of techniques described in this publication to tailor their approach for each cleft. The heterogeneity of clefting requires a customized approach, and the surgeon can benefit from understanding several different operative approaches (Figs. 1 and 2). The technique described here and used by the authors is primarily based on what is still the most common version of unilateral cleft lip and nose repair in the world. The reader is encouraged to fully evaluate this version as well as the multitude of descriptions available for the other techniques described in this issue. To date, no technique has definitively been proven to produce the best results. Thus, as with many surgical techniques, the surgeon is left to make the best decisions possible based on personal experience, mentoring, the available literature, and continual evaluation of personal outcomes.
Combined suction-assisted lipectomy, surgical lipectomy, and surgical abdominoplasty.

Although combined suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) and surgical abdominoplasties have been described, the surgical excisions have in general been small and limited to the lower portion of the lower abdomen (i.e., just above the pubis). For the obese patient this is an insufficient lipectomy. SAL alo
The use of information and communication technology in the sea fishing industry

The advent of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has profoundly altered relations between vessels and the shore. Thanks to ICTs, vessels are no longer cut off from land. The technologies in use in today's fisheries, however, remain fairly rudimentary. This article describes the use of ICTs aboard offshore fishing vessels. It relies on the concepts of 'instruments' and 'usage scheme' defined by Rabardel (Rabardel, P., 1995. Les hommes et les technologies. Paris: Armand Colin) and analyses the use of ICTs in terms of objectives, information sought and communication targets. It points to the prevalence of vessel-to-vessel interchange, and to a frequent use of ICTs to seek out and locate fish. It shows the existence of a 'key instrument', the Inmarsat standard C, and defines the way in which fishermen are organised in cognition-sharing networks.
Unilateral focal burn injury is followed by long-lasting bilateral allodynia and neuronal hyperexcitability in spinal cord dorsal horn.

Abstract Pain after burn injury can be intense and long lasting. Treatment is often ineffective, and there is a need for increased knowledge of the underlying pain mechanisms. In the present study, we established a unilateral partial-thickness burn injury model, which produces ipsilateral mechanical allodynia soon after injury, followed by contralateral allodynia. Chronic bilateral allodynia lasts up to 8 weeks postinjury in this model. In addition to the change in pain behavior, electrophysiological analyses showed that dorsal horn neurons become hyperexcitable and display significantly increased evoked activity with enlarged receptive fields, initially on the side ipsilateral to the injury, and subsequently on both sides of the spinal cord. It is known that, following nerve injury, activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways within spinal microglia contributes to the pathogenesis of pain. In our burn injury model, rapid and prolonged activation of phospho-p38-expressing microglia occurs bilaterally in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Taken together, these data demonstrate that a unilateral peripheral burn injury can produce long-lasting allodynia that can spread to the contralateral limb, together with dorsal horn neuronal hyperexcitability and microglial activation on both ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the spinal cord. Our results suggest that central neuropathic mechanisms can contribute to pain after burn injury. Perspective Mechanisms contributing to pain following burn injury are incompletely understood. In a novel animal model of burn injury, we have demonstrated hyperexcitability of second-order sensory neurons, activation of microglia, and chronic bilateral pain following the burn injury. This work identifies potential therapeutic targets to alleviate pain after burn injury.
Impact of D/t on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete filled steel tubes

Abstract Reinforced concrete filled steel tubes (RCFSTs) are commonly used for bridge substructures in high seismic regions where the steel tube is used as a permanent casing which eases construction. Concrete confinement is provided by the steel tube, increasing the compressive strength and strain capacity. Tests were performed on twelve large scale RCFSTs, seven of the tests focused on varying D/t ratio and the remaining five focused on varying internal reinforcement. The tubes were subjected to reversed cyclic four-point bending with a constant moment region centered in the pile. The large scale specimens consisted of outer diameters of 20 to 24 in. (508 to 610 mm) and diameter-to-thickness ratios between 33 and 192. Strain limit states for the onset of tube wall local buckling and fracture are developed, as is an expression for equivalent viscous damping for direct displacement-based design. The impact of the tubes on confinement and analysis methods is also discussed.
Mutual solubilities of water and hydrocarbons from an equation of state. Need for an unconventional mixing rule

Abstract For calculating mutual solubilities of water and hydrocarbons with an equation of state, none of the conventional mixing rules are satisfactory for engineering calculations. Based on recent experimental data, an unconventional modification is introduced into the usual quadratic mixing rule for attractive-energy parameter a ; this modification represents the well-studied hydrophobic effect. For the temperature range 20–200° C, quantitative description of mutual solubilities in binary systems is obtained with three binary parameters. Attempts to correlate these parameters with molecular properties were only partially successful.
Management earnings forecast disclosure policy and the cost of equity capital

We examine the relation between management earnings forecast disclosure policy and the cost of equity capital in a cross-section of 1,355 firms over a 4-year post-Regulation Fair Disclosure period (2001 through 2004). We find evidence of a negative association between the quality of management earnings forecasting policy and cost of equity capital, and we document that the strength of the association is greater for firms with higher disclosure costs and for firms with more relevant quarterly management earnings forecasts. Our results are robust to the use of multiple methods to address both endogeneity and the measurement error in firm-specific estimates of implied cost of equity capital.
On the rule of additivity in phase transformation kinetics

It is commonly held that a sufficient condition for the rule of additivity to be valid is that the transformation rate depend only on temperature and volume fraction. This is not true in general.
Safety of meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in pregnancy: a review of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.

Objective We characterized reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event (AE) Reporting System (VAERS) of pregnant women who received meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine Menactra (MenACWY-D; Sanofi Pasteur Inc., Swiftwater, PA). Study Design We searched VAERS for reports of pregnant women who received MenACWY-D from Jan. 1, 2005 through Dec. 31, 2011. We conducted clinical review of reports and available medical records. Results Of 103 identified reports, 38 (36.7%) did not describe any AE. No maternal or infant deaths were reported. The most frequent pregnancy-specific AE was spontaneous abortion in 17 (16.5%) reports. Urinary tract infections and fever with vomiting were the most frequent nonpregnancy-specific AEs found in 4 (3.9%) and 3 (2.9%) reports, respectively. We identified 1 report with a major congenital anomaly (aqueductal stenosis and severe ventriculomegaly). Conclusion Our comprehensive review of reports to VAERS in pregnant women after MenACWY-D did not identify any concerning patterns in maternal, infant, or fetal outcomes.
Welfare reform and children: A comparison of leavers and stayers in Georgia

Using administrative and survey data from Georgia, this chapter examines the status of children living in families leaving welfare.
A cartridge oxygenator for mammalian cell culture in a stirred tank bioreactor

Tubing made of membrane with high oxygen permeability is often used in supplying oxygen to animal cell culture bioreactors. We have fabricated the tubing into a cartridge configuration. Such an arrangement allows damaged tubing to be replaced conveniently and eases the maintenance of such an oxygenator in bioreactors.
Epidemiological and Clinical Studies of Nutrition

In this review, we briefly summarize some of the key developments in nutritional epidemiology and cancer over the past two decades with a focus on the strengths and limitations of study designs and dietary assessment methods. We present the evidence on dietary fat, meat, fiber, antioxidant nutrients, and calcium in relation to carcinogenesis from large cohort studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and refer to the conclusions of the 2007 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research summary report. One prominent theme that emerged is the lack of concordance of results from RCTs and observational studies. There are multiple potential reasons for these discrepancies, including differences in study population, dose and timing of the exposure, adherence to an intervention, length of follow-up, and the primary endpoint. Therefore, null findings of RCTs do not necessarily indicate a lack of effect for the tested dietary factors on cancer risk, as some of these nutrients may have chemopreventive effects if given at the right time and in the right dose. It is likely that potential benefits from diet are due to a combination of food constituents rather than single components acting in isolation. Future efforts need to recognize the integrative nature of dietary exposures and attempt to study nutrients in the larger context of the foods and diets in which they are consumed.
Neutron activation analysis for measuring the unsaturation in edible oils

Oil smears /2–10 mg/ on a filter paper were directly brominated by bromine vapor, and the quantity of Br reacted with the lipid was determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The iodine value for commercially available almond oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, soy oil and sesame oil were determined by the proposed method. The relative standard deviation associated with the measurements was less than 3%. No significant difference was observed between the iodine values determined by the proposed method and that determined by one of the officially approved methods. The proposed method possesses the advantages of shortening reaction time and applicability to small sample size.
What the numbers say about community colleges and athletics

This chapter provides the numbers and statistics related to the five most popular men's and women's community college sports teams, athletically related scholarship aid, expenses, and other pertinent topics associated with athletics at the community college.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Is Required for the Macropinocytic Internalization of Ebolavirus

Identification of host factors that are needed for Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV) entry provides insights into the mechanism(s) of filovirus uptake, and these factors may serve as potential antiviral targets. In order to identify novel host genes and pathways involved in EBOV entry, gene array findings in the National Cancer Institute's NCI-60 panel of human tumor cell lines were correlated with permissivity for EBOV glycoprotein (GP)-mediated entry. We found that the gene encoding the γ2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) strongly correlated with EBOV transduction in the tumor panel. The AMPK inhibitor compound C inhibited infectious EBOV replication in Vero cells and diminished EBOV GP-dependent, but not Lassa fever virus GPC-dependent, entry into a variety of cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Compound C also prevented EBOV GP-mediated infection of primary human macrophages, a major target of filoviral replication in vivo. Consistent with a role for AMPK in filovirus entry, time-of-addition studies demonstrated that compound C abrogated infection when it was added at early time points but became progressively less effective when added later. Compound C prevented EBOV pseudovirion internalization at 37°C as cell-bound particles remained susceptible to trypsin digestion in the presence of the inhibitor but not in its absence. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking the AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 catalytic subunits were significantly less permissive to EBOV GP-mediated infection than their wild-type counterparts, likely due to decreased macropinocytic uptake. In total, these findings implicate AMPK in macropinocytic events needed for EBOV GP-dependent entry and identify a novel cellular target for new filoviral antivirals.
Effect of pH on the calcium metabolism of isolated rat kidney cells

The effects of metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on cellular calcium metabolism were studied in rat kidney cells dispersed with collagenase. In both types of acidosis, the intracellular pH, total cell calcium, and the cell relative radioactivity after 60 min of labeling are significantly depressed. Kinetic analysis of45Ca desaturation curves shows that acidosis decreases all three cellular calcium pools and depresses calcium fluxes between the superficial and cytosolic pools and between the cytosolic and mitochondrial pools. In alkalosis the intracelluar pH, the total cell calcium, and the cell relative radioactivity are significantly increased. Kinetic studies show that in alkalosis, only the mitochondrial pool is consistently increased. Calcium exchange between the mitochondrial and cytosolic pool is increased in metabolic alkalosis only. These results suggest that hydrogen ion is an important modulator of calcium metabolism, and that the intracellular pH rather than extracellular pH is the critical factor in determining the calcium status of cells during altered acid-base conditions.
Documentation of the effective length of action of antihypertensive treatment

The technique of automated ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring offers an innovative means for measuring BP throughout the 24-hour period. Recently available compact monitoring instruments have been shown to be accurate and to provide reproducible measurements of the circadian BP pattern. The monitoring procedure is advantageous in that it minimizes or avoids placebo effects during therapeutic trials. Moreover, its power makes it possible to draw statistically valid conclusions regarding efficacy in fewer patients than would be required if conventional methods were used. This procedure also enhances the diagnosis of hypertension by identifying patients with "office" or "white coat" hypertension, and thereby facilitates assessment of treatment effects in those patients who are truly hypertensive. Automated monitoring measures BP at critical times of the day, including the preawakening and early morning hours, and it enables peak and trough antihypertensive drug effects to be carefully quantified. Since patient compliance appears to be enhanced with once- or twice-daily dosing, antihypertensive agents with long durations of action (24 hours) are of considerable interest. This report reviews some recent studies in which the monitoring technique has been used to measure the efficacy and duration of action of differing antihypertensive drugs.
Does governance culture exist and can it be mandated

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the orientation of a firm's governance choices along a continuum of shareholder voice to managerial power and tests whether the governance orientation of a firm can survive regulation.Design/methodology/approach – Using a sample of 873 firms, a set of three index measures is constructed reflecting the orientation of a firm's governing rules, the orientation of the board of directors and the overall orientation of both types of governance structures. The resulting measures are compared pre‐ and post‐SOX.Findings – While specific, individual governance components, such as independence, can be regulated, the overall orientation of a firm's governance mechanisms, as manifested by its aggregate choice of governance structures, appears to be constant overtime suggesting that it is difficult to regulate the governance orientation of a firm.Research limitations/implications – The findings may be limited due to sample bias. There is both survivor bias and listi...
Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: The Power, Possibilities, and Pitfalls of Echocardiographic Imaging Techniques

Abnormal diastolic function portends a poor prognosis regardless of any associated systolic dysfunction. There is controversy regarding the precision with which diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction can be made non-invasively. Clinical studies show that non-invasive evaluation of the severity of diastolic function predicts the risk of cardiac death and heart failure whereas invasive monitoring of intracardiac pressures is not proven to be better than clinical judgement in guiding patient management. The traditional paradigm of centreing the classification of diastolic function on transmitral and transpulmonic flow may no longer be adequate considering the availability of less volume dependent measures of diastolic function. Mitral inflow-based diastolic function assessment is traditionally graded as "normal", "abnormal relaxation", "pseudonormal", and "restrictive filling pattern". However, the transition between various levels of abnormal LV filling pressure is dynamic and related to the ambient heart rate and preload. This dynamic transition makes accurate depiction of severity using just one snapshot of imaging, or single parameters in isolation problematic. Furthermore the prognosis associated with pseudonormal and restrictive filling patterns are comparable. A better understanding of the physiology of diastole highlights the relevance of the cardiac substrate in the genesis of diastolic dysfunction. The availability of newer diagnostic tools such as tissue Doppler imaging has informed the need to assess all components of diastolic function within the context of predisposing or consequential morphological substrates. A new prognosis-centred paradigm implies that diastolic function need only be stratified into "normal", "mildly abnormal" (compensated dysfunction), or "severely abnormal" (uncompensated diastolic dysfunction) categories.
Roles of the psychiatric resident on a community psychiatry team.

There is a necessity for clear role definitions in the teaching of community psychiatry to psychiatric residents. Several different roles are described, with an emphasis on the roles of therapist and student, and their sub-roles and role behavior. The difficulties in learning these roles are problems of role expectations, feelings towards the resident, the resident's inexperience and need to grow, and the conflict between the student role (education) and therapist role (service).
U.S. Military HIV Research Program: successfully integrating HIV vaccine research with prevention, care, and treatment.

ABSTRACTIn 1986, Congress mandated the U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP) to protect service personnel and serve the global community by reducing the risk of HIV-1 infection. More than 20 years later, MHRP has become a leader in international HIV vaccine development efforts, with five research sites in Africa and Asia. The program's growth has been achieved through the combination of strong HIV vaccine science, the careful development of international research sites, and partnerships with key research institutions in the host countries and within the United States. In addition, the integration of prevention, care, and treatment services has helped MHRP build strong and trusting relationships with the communities in which research is conducted, while providing an ethical framework for the conduct of HIV clinical research.
Religious freedom vs. sex equality

This essay examines Susan Moller Okin’s writing on conflicts between religious freedom and sex equality, and her criticism of ‘political liberal’ approaches to these conflicts, which I take to be a...
Recruitment and Other Communication Behavior in the Ponerine Ant Ectatomma ruidum

The ponerine ant Ectatomma ruidum, though previously reported to possess only rudimentary recruitment ability, was found to lay chemical trails for mass recruitment to rich or difficult food sources. The pheromone originates from the Dufour's gland, a new source of trail pheromones in the primitive ant subfamily Ponerinae. During nest emigrations, E. ruidum practices stereotyped social carrying in the myrmicine mode. The discovery of this form of social carrying and of a recruitment pheromone in the Dufour's gland secretions support the hypothesis that the subfamily Myrmicinae is derived from an ectatommine ancestor. Other communication behaviors exhibited by E. ruidum include exchange of liquid food carried between the mandibles, chemical alarm communication, nest entrance marking, and an additional social carrying posture previously unknown in ants.
Endophenotypes of psychosis

There is growing appreciation that the major psychiatric disorders may be composed of sub-syndromes that can be characterized by specific pathophysiological markers. For example, schizophrenia can be deconstructed into several separable sub-syndromes i.e., psychosis, negative symptoms, and mood instability. Notably, some or all of these sub-syndromes may develop in patients with other major psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder. Each of the sub-syndromes of schizophrenia may be traced to disturbances in specific neurobiological systems. In recent studies of patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings, we have identified specific abnormalities in the structure of the thalamus that are attributable to genetic factors, and correlated these abnormalities with losses of gray matter in particular regions of the cerebral cortex. In turn, we have shown that abnormal thalamic structure can underlie defective thalamo-cortical activation. Finally, we have associated abnormal activation of thalamo-cortical pathways with poor performance on tests of working memory and, in turn, with greater severity of negative symptoms. Thus, one can make the inference that negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia can be traced to a series of disease-related structure-function relationships. Similar relationships may underlie psychosis and mood instability in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Elucidation of these relationships may challenge our current psychiatric nosology, but may be helpful in our attempts to develop novel pharmacological treatments. from International Society on Brain and Behaviour: 3rd International Congress on Brain and Behaviour Thessaloniki, Greece. 28 November – 2 December 2007
Parental perception of functional status following tracheostomy in infancy: a single center study.

Objective To examine the functional outcomes of children who underwent a tracheostomy in the initial hospitalization after birth and to determine their correlates. Study design We administered the validated 43-item Functional Status-II (FS-II) questionnaire by Stein and Jessop over the telephone to caregivers of surviving children. The FS-II items generated a total score, age-specific: (1) total; (2) general health (GH); and (3) responsiveness, activity, or interpersonal functioning (IPF) scores in specific age group categories. Results FS-II was administered to 51/62 (82.2%) survivors at a median (range) age of 5 (1-10) years; 27% children were on the ventilator and 43% required devices. About 40% of children had a median of 1 (1-4) hospitalization in the previous 6 months. Scores were >2 SD below means in 55%, 24%, and 55% cases for age-specific T, GH, and R/A/IPF scores respectively. The T and R/A/IPF scales were significantly higher in those with private, rather than public, maternal insurance, as were T and R/A/IPF scores for children ≥4 years, compared with younger children. On regression analysis, FS-II T, GH, and R/A/IPF scores were independently associated with maternal private insurance ( P = .02). R/A/IPF scores were also significantly associated with corrected age at FS-II administration. Conclusions One-third of surviving children who underwent tracheostomy during their initial hospitalization remained technology-dependent. The parental FS-II questionnaires revealed low R/A/IPF scores, especially at younger ages and in those with maternal public insurance. Further research on family-level interventions to improve functional outcomes in this population is warranted.
Effect of positive-energy orbitals on the configuration-interaction calculation of the H- atom

We present the theoretical energy eigenvalues of the {sup 1}{ital S} ground state and the ({ital pp}){sup 3}{ital P{ital e}} state of H{sup {minus}} calculated in a simple configuration-interaction procedure, using a finite set of {ital L}{sup 2}-basis functions constructed from one-electron hydrogenic orbitals. The energy corrections, due to the electron-electron interaction between configurations with various combinations of bound (negative-energy) and continuum (positive-energy) orbitals, are examined in detail. In particular, our calculation has shown that the continuum-continuum type of configurations contribute approximately 15% and 13%, respectively, to the electron affinity of the {sup 1}{ital S} ground state and the ({ital pp}){sup 3}{ital P{ital e}} state of H{sup {minus}}. In addition, our calculation has shown that the calculated oscillator strength for the transition from the {sup 1}{ital S} ground state of H{sup {minus}} to the lowest {sup 1}{ital P} Feshbach resonance below the {ital n}=2 threshold is significantly reduced (nearly 30%) by the presence of the continuum-continuum type of configurations in the ground-state wave function.
Analysis of High Speed Axially Symmetric Cutting for Stripping Peripheral Coating

A theory of axially symmetric cutting is used to estimate the resistance to material removal of a composite cylinder undergoing stripping of a peripheral coating. The removal of materials from the surface of the cylindrical workpiece is analyzed using the minimum energy theory of Merchant. It is assumed that the shear surface is oriented at an angle π, such that the total work done at the shear surface by relative sliding and at the rake face due to friction has a minimum value. When the material conditions and the depth of cut are the same for cuttings in the axially symmetric and orthogonal modes, chips removed in axially symmetric cutting will have an additional energy loss due to the tensile hoop stress. The resistance due to the axially symmetric cutting is therefore larger than that arising from orthogonal cutting. The predicted resistance of axially symmetric cutting are in favorable agreement with data of dynamic stripping tests performed at Sandia National Laboratories.
Notes on linear systems and frequency responses

We show that not all continuous multidimensional linear shift-invariant systems are characterized by their frequency responses (even when they exist), but that the members of a certain important large family of multidimensional linear systems are completely characterized by their suitably defined frequency responses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films directly onto conductive substrates via selective thermolysis using microwave energy

Copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) thin films were deposited from homogeneous solutions of precursors and directly onto conductive films via selective thermolysis by microwave heating. Microwave energy is absorbed strongly by conductive films, which enables preferential heating to a sufficiently high temperature for the deposition of CZTS exclusively on the conductive layer without homogeneous nucleation of CZTS in the liquid phase or heterogeneous nucleation of CZTS on uncoated portions of substrates.
Note on shear stresses in accelerating disks of variable thickness

Earlier analyses1, 2 of the accelerating disk problem were limited to disks of uniform thickness. Disks of variable thickness are analyzed in this note, with exact results plotted for the thickness profile Arn. The shape of a constant shear stress disk is derived and an example is given. It is found that, for any thickness profile, the solution for the normal stresses σr and σθ is independent of the solution for the shear stress τrθ.
Changes in actomyosin ATP consumption rate in rat diaphragm muscle fibers during postnatal development

Early postnatal development of rat diaphragm muscle (Diam) is marked by dramatic transitions in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression. We hypothesized that the transition from the neonatal is...
Developmental phenotypic plasticity: where ecology and evolution meet molecular biology.

The plastic response of phenotypic traits to environmental change is a common research focus in several disciplines - from ecology and evolutionary biology to physiology and molecular genetics. The use of model systems such as the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana has facilitated a dialogue between developmental biologists asking how plasticity is controlled (proximate causes) and organismal biologists asking why plasticity exists (ultimate causes). Researchers studying ultimate causes and consequences are increasingly compelled to reject simplistic, ‘black box’ models, while those studying proximate causes and mechanisms are increasingly obliged to subject their interpretations to ecological ‘reality checks.’ We review the successful multidisciplinary efforts to understand the phytochrome-mediated shade-avoidance and light-seeking responses of flowering plants as a pertinent example of convergence between evolutionary and molecular biology. In this example, the two-way exchange between reductionist and holist camps has been essential to rapid and sustained progress. This should serve as a model for future collaborative efforts towards understanding the responses of organisms to their constantly changing environments.
Dynamic strain ageing of an austenitic superalloy—Temperature and strain rate effects

Abstract The tensile data involving austenitic Alloy C-276 suggest that this alloy is capable of maintaining appreciable structural strength at temperatures relevant to the sulfuric acid decomposition process related to the nuclear hydrogen initiative. Reduced failure strain and formation of serrations, characteristics of dynamic strain ageing (DSA), were noted within susceptible temperature regimes. An average activation energy of 55 kJ/mol, and work hardening index ranging from 0.68 to 0.75 were determined as functions of different testing temperature and strain rates. The occurrence of DSA was also associated with enhanced dislocation density. Depending on the testing temperature, a combination of ductile and intergranular brittle failures was observed with the tested specimens.
A New Look at Salary Equity for Male and Female Faculty in Schools of Social Work

Many studies have documented that women faculty in schools of social work hold lower ranks, achieve tenure less frequently, and earn lower salaries than do their male peers. The findings of the study of all full-time faculty members in graduate schools of social work in 1984-85 that is reported here concurred with the previous research. However, the data indicated that the situation is not uniform throughout the country; some schools treat their female faculty members better than do others. Therefore, the study also explored eight factors that best describe the schools in which women are treated more equitably. Two factors were found to be most closely related to equity: the sex of the dean and the geographic location of the school.
Ethanol Exposure Suppresses Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cell Inflammatory Responses Independent of TLR4 Expression

Acute alcohol (ethanol) exposure is linked with increased susceptibility to infection and increased mortality in trauma and burn patients. Dendritic cells (DCs) are central mediators in innate and adaptive immune responses, and they play a role in the presentation of pathogens to adaptive immune cells. We investigated the effects of acute ethanol exposure on bone marrow-derived DC (BM-DC) responses. Total bone marrow cells, obtained from 8 to 10 week old C57BL/6 male mice, were cultured in the presence of granulocyte/monocyte-colony stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4 for 7 days. BM-DCs were harvested and treated with increasing doses of ethanol (50, 100, and 250 mM) at the time of, or 3 h before, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After LPS, supernatants were collected for cytokine measurement, and cells were harvested for flow cytometry. Concurrent acute ethanol exposure and LPS treatment resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-23, and IL-10. In addition, ethanol exposure before LPS ...
Remote monitoring of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: maximizing gains by addressing workflow.

This editorial refers to ‘Effectiveness of remote monitoring of CIEDs in detection and treatment of clinical and device-related cardiovascular events in daily practice: the HomeGuide Registry’ by R.P. Ricci et al. , on page 970 and ‘Incidence and predictors of pacemaker reprogramming: potential consequences for remote follow-up’ by E.O. Udo et al. , on page 978. Innovations are usually greeted guardedly, especially those demanding changes in clinical habits. When and how these should be applied are obvious questions to physicians and patients alike. Automatic remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is no exception, over a decade after its introduction. This, despite the need stated by professional societies and impressive trial data.1–3 However, diffidence in the community is reflected in slow adoption. In this issue of the Journal , two large (>1500 patients) prospective registries address some critical aspects of the operating mechanics of this technology. First, Udo et al. 4 aimed to define the candidate population for RM (although, importantly, did not actually test its application). They measured the frequency of non-actionable follow-up encounters in a large cohort of patients with pacemakers. This concept is critical—remote follow-up can only replace conventional in-person scheduled evaluation if the bulk of such appointments do not trigger any changes in patient management, i.e. are ‘non-actionable’. If, on the other hand they are frequently actionable, then discoveries from remote data download will require those patients to be contacted and brought to hospital, duplicating effort rather than promoting efficiencies. The results, however, confirmed that the vast majority (>80%) of patients studied did not need reprogramming changes (‘visits-with-reprogramming’), in keeping with conclusions from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) trials. The authors looked at this from another vantage—whether it is possible to identify those patients at high risk of requiring management changes and assign these to …
Huge dermoid cyst of the spleen.

Primary splenic cysts are uncommon lesions of the spleen. Splenic cysts are classified as primary or secondary on the basis of presence or absence of an epithelial lining. The primary cysts are further subdivided as parasitic or non-parasitic. The congenital non-parasitic cysts are rarely met in clinical practice and it constitutes approximately 10% of all splenic cysts. Congenital cysts are true cysts with an epithelial. Secondary cysts are in most cases posttraumatic. Patient at admission had lower abdominal pain and splenic cyst was asymptomatic. In routine abdominal pain investigation we found cyst of the spleen in diameter 2 cm. We made serodiagnostic tests for echinococcosis which were negative. After 3 years she came with left upper quadrant enlargement with tangible abdominal mass, increasing abdominal girth, decrease of appetite and sometimes vomiting. CT scan showed cyst enlargement in diameter 8x6 cm. Operative treatment was necessary and splenectomy was done. However, splenectomy remains a relatively safe procedure, associated with few complications and avoiding any future problems.
On the nature of the short-distance QQ̄ interaction with implications concerning confinement

Abstract The short-distance QQ interaction is examined. Single-gluon exchange provides poor predictions for hyperfine and tensor interactions. A short-range Lorentz vector potential is found which yields the correct spin dependence. This potential is inconsistent with scalar confinement, but is in excellent agreement with a QCD-motivated model. We also predict the position of the lowest cc singlet p-wave state to be above the χ center of gravity, consistent with experimental indications.
Exotic weevil invasion increases floral herbivore community density, function, and impact on a native plant

Consumer communities are being re-arranged through unprecedented rates of human-mediated invasions and extinctions. Such changes in consumer diversity potentially alter community function and impact on resource populations. Although insect herbivore invasions are increasingly common, the infl uence of such species additions on native resident herbivore guilds, along with their individual and combined eff ects on native plant resources, are rarely investigated. Here, we used site-to-site and plant-to-plant variation in herbivore composition to examine how the addition of an invasive exotic weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus , combines with a guild of native fl oral herbivores (tephritid fl ies, pyralid moths) to infl uence two key components of herbivore community function – aggregate herbivore densities and cumulative levels of seed destruction – on a native thistle, Cirsium canescens. Invasion of a site by R. conicus more than doubled aggregate herbivore density, resulting in increased levels of seed destruction and a halving of seed production by the native thistle. Further, herbivore function was signifi cantly higher on individual plants attacked by R. conicus , compared to plants attacked only by native herbivores. Insect densities and levels of seed destruction on plants attacked by multiple herbivore taxa never exceeded those observed for plants attacked by R. conicus alone, suggesting that increases in herbivore community function with invasion resulted from the inclusion of a functionally dominant insect rather than any complementarity eff ects. Some evidence for interference between insects emerged, with a trend towards reduced moth and weevil densities in two and three taxon mixtures compared with plants attacked by each taxon alone. However, density compensation was limited so that, overall, the addition of a novel herbivore to the fl oral guild was associated with a signifi cant increase in herbivore community function and impact on seed production. Th e results suggest that invasion of a functionally dominant herbivore into an unsaturated recipient community can augment function within a resource guild.
Myosin in developing normal and dystrophic chicken pectoralis. II. The relationship between intracellular and extracellular aspartate pools and myosin synthesis.

The present studies astablish the cellular pool of aspartate as the major source of this amino acid used during the biosynthesis of skeletal muscle myosin. This precursor-product relationship has been established in growing, normal pectoralis and has been suggested in hypertrophied, dystrophic pectoralis. Specific activities of aspartic acid in plasma and cellular pools corrected for extracellular space contributions have been correlated with aspartate incorporation into myosin. These data have been coupled with quantitative data on myosin accumulation and have established the cellular pool as the major precursor pool. The data also give further insight into some of the factors responsible for the observation that in vivo dystrophic tissue gives higher levels of aspartate incorporation than normal tissue.
Validation of cocaine and marijuana effect expectancies in a treatment setting.

This study sought to establish the validity of the Cocaine Effect Expectancy Questionnaire (CEEQ), and the Marijuana Effect Expectancy Questionnaire (MEEQ) in discriminating between patterns of drug use in a clinical population. Prior research with these questionnaires has involved primarily nonclinical samples. Expectancy literature has yielded ambiguous results in demonstrating the role of both positive and negative expectancies in regards to drug use patterns. The sample consisted of 149 males on an inpatient V.A. substance abuse unit. On the CEEQ, cocaine users, particularly frequent users, endorsed fewer global positive cocaine expectancies than infrequent or nonusers. Present-infrequent users endorsed greater arousal effects than either present-frequent or nonusers. Nonusers of cocaine endorsed greater relaxation than present users. On the MEEQ, nonusers expected more negative effects from marijuana than users. Present users expected greater relaxation and craving effects than past users or nonusers. These results indicate different roles for positive and negative expectancies in cocaine and marijuana use.
Arsenic uptake by common marsh fern Thelypteris palustris and its potential for phytoremediation

Abstract Hydroponic and soil cultivations of Thelypteris palustris, the common marsh fern, were used to investigate its potential for use in phytoremediation of arsenic (As) contaminated water or soil. ICP-MS analyses indicate that both roots and fronds accumulated arsenic in levels up to 100 times the concentration of treatment solutions of 250 μg/L and 500 μg/L arsenic, but values varied widely and there was no significant difference in concentrations in fronds between the control (no arsenic) and treatments. Plants exposed to 500 μg/L exhibited necrosis in their fronds, suggesting that Thelypteris palustris is not a good candidate for phyotoremediation of arsenic-contaminated sites.
Time-Dependent Simulation of Conduction through a Molecule

We present a method for performing time-dependent simulations of electron conduction through molecules. The method is based on the time-dependent Schrodinger equation recast as a matrix equation using a basis of non-orthogonal local orbitals. We present the basic theory and show the results of a simulation of conduction through benzene 1,4-dithiolate. A comparison with experimental data and with the results of the Green's function scattering theory of the conductivity of a molecule is made.