cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generalized parametric resonance in electrostatically actuated microelectromechanical oscillators

This paper investigates the dynamic response of a class of electrostatically driven microelectromechanical (MEM) oscillators. The particular systems of interest are those which feature parametric excitation that arises from forces produced by fluctuating voltages applied across comb drives. These systems are known to exhibit a wide range of behaviors, some of which have escaped explanation or prediction. In this paper we examine a general governing equation of motion for these systems and use it to provide a complete description of the dynamic response and its dependence on the system parameters. The defining feature of this equation is that both the linear and cubic terms feature parametric excitation which, in comparison to the case of purely linear parametric excitation (e.g. the Mathieu equation), significantly complicates the system's dynamics. One consequence is that an effective nonlinearity for the overall system cannot be defined. Instead, the system features separate effective nonlinearities for each branch of its nontrivial response. As such, it can exhibit not only hardening and softening nonlinearities, but also mixed nonlinearities, wherein the response branches in the system's frequency response bend toward or away from one another near resonance. This paper includes some brief background information on the equation of motion under consideration, an outline of the analytical techniques used to reach the aforementioned results, stability results for the responses in question, a numerical example, explored using simulation, of a MEM oscillator which features this nonlinear behavior, and preliminary experimental results, taken from an actual MEM device, which show evidence of the analytically predicted behavior. Practical issues pertaining to the design of parametrically excited MEM devices are also considered.
Abstract FO02-02: What are the hurdles for moving approved drugs into the prevention setting?

Most anticancer agents are initially tested in patients with metastatic disease. Early dose finding studies evaluate the tolerability and safety of such agents, and the recommended Phase II dose is most commonly derived from toxicity assessments in the first 3-6 weeks of treatment. An acceptable maximally tolerated dose allows dose-limiting toxicities in at least one of 6 patients or The emergence of more effective targeted agents or biologics are of great interest as potential chemoprevention agents. However, the motivation of treatment adherence and the acceptance of severe side effects of agents is higher when treating metastatic disease or when preventing a recurrence after a diagnosis of limited stage disease. Many of the targeted agents and biologics are developed similar to cytotoxic agents based on the maximally tolerated dose rather than optimal biological dose. In contrast, cancer prevention agents may have to be given over prolonged periods to patients who have an elevated risk of developing cancer solely based on genomic testing or population studies. The uncertainty of the individual risk and potential benefit has to be weight against toxicities and impact on quality of life. The acceptance of grade 3 and 4 toxicities in this population is very limited. The use of a targeted or biologic agent originally approved for metastatic disease in the prevention setting, will require a reassessment of what are acceptable doses for long-term use based on lower grade toxicities. Furthermore, a more in depth understanding of the effective biological and molecular concentrations and the development of predictive biomarker will be paramount. Citation Format: Pamela N. Munster. What are the hurdles for moving approved drugs into the prevention setting? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr FO02-02.
The control of gold nanocluster sizes in dielectric thin films via ion beam assisted deposition

Gold nanoclusters in silica were deposited by co-evaporation of gold and silica in the presence of an argon ion beam. Gold clusters are formed in-situ during the deposition process. The damage induced by the ion beam controls the cluster size, and clusters with a diameter between 15 - 30 A are obtained. The Au clusters show a highly compressive strain as measured by X-ray diffraction and lattice parameters up to 3.5 % smaller than in bulk gold are observed. Post- deposition annealing in air leads to cluster growth and release of the strain. Annealing near the melting point of gold causes the clusters to grow exponentially up to 180 A. This is accompanied by a blue shift of the Mie absorption peak. Furthermore the formation of a superlattice was observed by TEM and confirmed by small angle XRD measurements.
Visually guided interaction and animation

We survey research at the M.I.T. Media Laboratory concerned with accurately modeling, tracking, and interacting with people. Applications include computer animation, user interfaces, and video understanding. >
“The New Costumes of Odd Sizes” Plus-Sized Women’s Fashions, 1920–1929

By 1916 over 13 million women or 12.7% of the total U.S. population was considered overweight or “stout.” In the 1920s, the term “stout.” indicated an (often matronly appearance) with generous bust, back and hip curves that did not fit with fashion s demands of the ideal stylish figure. Research related to ready-to-wear fashions for plus sized women in the 20th century is almost non-existent. The purpose of this study was to explore available ready-to-wear fashions for the plus sized woman during the years 1920-1929. To explore this topic, a historical method approach was utilized using primary sources that included The New York Times, Vogue, and Good Housekeeping. The results of this study identified prescriptive and proscriptive advice regarding appropriate clothing styles and merchandising trends marketed to plus sized women.
Long-acting oxytocin antagonists: effects of 2-D-stereoisomer substitution on antagonistic potency and duration of action.

Recently we reported the discovery of a series of 2-0-alkyltyrosine- (or 2-p-alkyl- phenylalanine), 4-threonine-, and 8-ornithine-substituted analogs of ( 1-penicillamine)oxytocin ((Pen'IOT) which possess prolonged anti-OT activity. In this study, we attempt to improve the potency and the duration of action of this series of OT antagonists by exploring the effects of D- stereoisomer substitution in the 2 position. We compare the in vitro anti-OT potency, expressed in pA2 values, and the duration of in vivo inhibitory action, expressed in recovery tIl2, of (Pen'IOT, (Pen',Orn')OT, (Pen1,Thr4)0T, (Penl,Tyr(OMe)2,Thr4,0rn8)OT, (Pen',Tyr(OEt)2,Thr4,0rn')OT, ( Pen',D-Tyr(OEt)*,Thr4,0rn8)OT, ( Pen',Phe2,Thr4)0T, (Pen1,Phe(Me)2,Thr4,0rn8)OT, (Pen' ,D- Phe(Me)2,Thr4,0rn')OT, (Penl,Phe(Et)2,Thr4,0rn8)OT, and (Pen',~Phe(Et)~,Thr~,Orn')OT. The results show that modifications of the amino acid in position 2 by alkylation of the aromatic ring and use of D-stereoisomerism produce nonparallel effects on the in vitro potency and duration of action of OT antagonists. Time-action curve determinations show that long-acting OT antagonists exhibit delayed peak inhibitory action. Long action is not coupled with high potency in all cases. This dissociation between potency and duration of action gives support to our hypothesis that the potency and duration of action of these peptides may each have different conformational StrLlCtUre requirements. 0 I987 Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
Linear Multiparametric Programming by Multicriteria Simplex Method

A recently derived Multicriteria Simplex Method [Yu, P. L., M. Zeleny. 1975. The set of all nondominated solutions in linear cases and a multicriteria simplex method. J. Math. Anal. Appl.49 2, February 430--468.] is used to study some basic properties in the decomposition of parametric space. A new type of parametric space, which arises naturally in its formulation, is used. Two computational methods are discussed. The first one is an indirect algebraic method which locates the corresponding set of all nondominated extreme points. The second one is a direct geometric decomposition method which is similar to that discussed by Gal and Nedoma [Gal, T., J. Nedoma. 1972 Multiparametric linear programming. Management Sci.. 18 406--421.]. The difficulties of such a geometric method are discussed through an example.
Spatial Test for Agricultural Pesticide “Blow-In” Effect on Prevalence of Parkinson’s Disease

The current study used Department of Veteran's Affairs (VA) clinical records, State of California pesticide application records, spatial maps of distribution of Parkinson's disease patients, and pesticide applications to determine if there was evidence for "blow-in" of pesticides as a factor in explaining the prevalence of Central Valley Parkinson's disease. The results did not support the hypothesis of increasing prevalence of Parkinsonism attributable to wind drift.
17-Ketosteroid excretion in liver disease.

Summary The 24-hour urinary 17-KS excretion was determined in 6 normal adults and 21 patients jaundiced from hepato-cellular disease or extra-hepatic obstruction. These results were compared with a number of standard liver function tests to evaluate this procedure as a method of differentiating hepatocellular from extra-hepatic obstructive jaundice. Our results indicate a decrease in the urinary 17-KS in both types of jaundice. No correlation with standard liver function tests could be found.
THE HIDDEN HELP: BLACK DOMESTIC WORKERS IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

THE HIDDEN HELP: BLACK DOMESTIC WORKERS IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT Trena E. Armstrong November 2,2012 During the 1960's, nearly ninety percent of black women in the South worked as domestic servants. While much has been written depicting the dehumanizing and exploitative conditions in which they lived, their contributions to human rights garnered from their subtle acts of resistance and specifically, their involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, has either been undocumented or documented quite minimally. Despite their historical roles and socioeconomic disadvantages, their reach for human agency was beneficial to society. This thesis examines their labor as domestic workers and their participation in the Civil Rights Movement using the qualitative research method of interviews and black feminist theoretical perspective.
Serum Resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica Expressed in Absence of Other Virulence Markers

Serum resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica after growth at 37 and 25°C appears to be specific for serogroup O:3 and appears to be expressed even in the absence of other phenotypic virulence-associated markers, such as the presence of V antigen, autoagglutination, and calcium dependency after growth at 37°C.
Neglect, Inattention, and Legislative Deficiencies: The Consequences of One-Party Deliberations in The U.S. House

Congressional scholars have conducted little research on the consequences of the majority party controlling bill formulation and excluding minority members from the legislative process. Critics of one-party deliberations use case-study evidence to argue that such processes lead to error-prone, often defective legislation. However, no large-N analysis has sought to operationalize and verify this effect. I develop new empirical strategies to explore claims about the relationship between deliberative procedures and policy outcomes. Examining legislation drafted in the U.S. House between 1987 and 2008, I find suggestive but consistent evidence of error-prone bills being developed under one-party processes.
Sarcomatoid Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Analysis of 28 Cases With Emphasis on Clinicopathologic Features and Markers of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

Context.—Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (UCa) is a rare but aggressive variant of bladder cancer that can show diagnostic challenges even using ancillary techniques. Objective.—To examine immunohistochemical markers in the context of sarcomatoid UCa, including those associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Design.—Twenty-eight cases of sarcomatoid UCa were rereviewed. Clinical outcomes were obtained through database search. Immunohistochemistry for clinical and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers was performed. Results.—All patients had biopsy-proven invasive UCa; 61% (17 of 28) had sarcomatoid UCa at initial diagnosis. A recognizable epithelial component(s) was present in 17 lesions. The sarcomatoid component accounted for 65% of the lesion (average), with heterologous elements present in 3 of 28 cases (11%). The morphologic spectrum of the sarcomatoid element included spindled not otherwise specified, myxoid, pseudoangiosarcomatous, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma–like undiffe...
Multilayer Adsorption of Methane and Chloromethane on the Molybdenum (100) Surface

Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, the multilayer adsorption of two single-carbon alkane analogues—methane (CH4) and chloromethane (CH3Cl)—in the liquid phase on a metallic substrate (m...
HSF-1 activates the ubiquitin proteasome system to promote non-apoptotic developmental cell death in C. elegans

Apoptosis is a prominent metazoan cell death form. Yet, mutations in apoptosis regulators cause only minor defects in vertebrate development, suggesting that another developmental cell death mechanism exists. While some non-apoptotic programs have been molecularly characterized, none appear to control developmental cell culling. Linker-cell-type death (LCD) is a morphologically conserved non-apoptotic cell death process operating in Caenorhabditis elegans and vertebrate development, and is therefore a compelling candidate process complementing apoptosis. However, the details of LCD execution are not known. Here we delineate a molecular-genetic pathway governing LCD in C. elegans. Redundant activities of antagonistic Wnt signals, a temporal control pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase signaling control heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1), a conserved stress-activated transcription factor. Rather than protecting cells, HSF-1 promotes their demise by activating components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, including the E2 ligase LET-70/UBE2D2 functioning with E3 components CUL-3, RBX-1, BTBD-2, and SIAH-1. Our studies uncover design similarities between LCD and developmental apoptosis, and provide testable predictions for analyzing LCD in vertebrates.
The Effects of Lead-Compensation and Thermal Processing on the Characteristics of DC-Magnetron Sputtered Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films

The feasibility of the fabrication of thin film capacitors of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) by reactive DC-Magnetron sputtering, with large switched charge and low leakage current densities for ultra-large scale integration Dynamic Random Access Memory (ULSI DRAM) applications has been demonstrated. As-deposited films were found to be predominantly pyrochlore; therefore, a subsequent phase transformation-inducing thermal processing step was key to obtaining device quality films. The importance of the thermal budget in optimizing the device characteristics of PZT films is discussed. The importance of the role of Pb compensation in lowering the required thermal budget and significantly enhancing device characteristics is shown.
A Promising Marker to Detect Chronic Pain Syndrome (P5.055)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether anti-TS-HDS antibody is associated with Chronic Pain Syndrome (CPS) and Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN) and to assess clinical patterns. B ACKGROUND: Chronic pain syndrome involves pain lasting more than 6 months which is not responsive to standard medical treatment. Various pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated, but none proven. Growing data suggests some of these patients have SFN based on diminished intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Despite comprehensive work-up, nearly 50[percnt] of SFN may be idiopathic, and efforts to elucidate etiologies for both syndromes continue. Several markers have been linked to neuropathic syndromes. IgM binding to IdoA2S-GlcNS-6S (TS-HDS), a trisulfated heparin disaccharide, has not been extensively studied. A few studies showed an association between serum IgM bound to TS-HDS and painful sensory polyneuropathies. DESIGN/METHODS: Clinical presentation, basic demographic information, electrodiagnostic studies, skin biopsy data, and TS-HDS status were retrospectively studied in patients with CPS. RESULTS: Twenty-one subjects presenting with CPS were studied, the majority were female (91[percnt]). Diminished sensation to pinprick and temperature was present in 81[percnt] of subjects. Pain was described as acute onset in 62[percnt] of the study population. Twenty-eight percent were positive for TS-HDS Ab, of which 33[percnt] had abnormal skin biopsies. Sixteen percent of TS-HDS positive subjects had normal skin biopsies (some results currently pending). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain is a complex problem, often without a definite etiology. TS-HDS is associated with a painful presentation and subtle clinical exam findings. Our results indicate that TS-HDS may be associated with CPS whether or not the subject has biopsy proven SFN. TS-HDS could provide diagnostic evidence of chronic pain; larger studies are needed to confirm the results of this study. Disclosure: Dr. Strong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kafaie has nothing to disclose.
Research Development of Monotectic Alloys under Microgravity Condition

The effect of gravity on the solidification process of monotectic alloys is introduced.Research deve-lopment of solidification of monotectic alloys under microgravity environments is summarized.The research results of experiments under simulated microgravity environments in the different magnetic fields are concluded.The characte-ristics of monotectic alloys prepared under different microgravity conditions are discussed,and the development prospect of monotectic alloys prepared under the magnetic field is pointed out.Finally,the future research directions and methods are proposed.
Outbreak of invasive Escherichia coli gastroenteritis on a cruise ship.

Abstract An invasive strain of Escherichia coli (ONT:NM) was isolated from stool specimens from 7 of 10 ill passengers who developed diarrhea during a 5-day ocean cruise. The ill passengers had shared no common exposures off the ship before or during the cruise. Three of the persons whose stools were cultured were part of a tour group of 219 persons, and a food consumption and health history questionnaire was completed by 190 members (87%) of this tour group. Forty-seven (25%) had had diarrhea during the cruise; other symptoms among those with diarrhea included nausea (72%), abdominal cramps (68%), headache (68%), chills (60%), dizziness (53%), myalgias (43%), subjective fever (36%), and vomiting (26%). The median duration of symptoms was 3 days. Eating at cold buffets on ship and eating potato salad, a buffet food item, were significantly associated with illness. No evidence of secondary spread of illness in household contacts of the ill person was found.
Eating disorders in children and adolescents

The incidence of eating disorders (ED) is increasing, not only in Westernized societies, but developing countries as well. Individuals having EDs may develop significant functional impairments across organ systems with serious life-threatening consequences, leading to the highest rates of mortality and morbidity among mental disorders.
A conspectus of research on iron requirements of man.

Investigations which have figured in the present understanding of hu man requirements for iron are reviewed. Those studies reviewed include those on iron balance and turnover intestinal urinary integumental and menstrual losses of iron iron reserves physiological factors affecting iron absorption factors affecting iron availability from plant animal and other sources iron supplementation practices the assessment of iron deficiency and hemoglobin levels factors affecting iron nutritional status such as environmental stress and exercise the iron requirements of infants premature infants full-term infants children aged 2-5 years 6-12 years and 13-18 years and the iron requirements of pregnant lactating and elderly women.
The development of a sleep disorders laboratory.

This article discusses the various factors necessary for setting up a sleep laboratory and the relationship of the otolary ngologist to the laboratory. These factors include professional, technical, administrative, and clerical staff; the facilities include office space, examining room, and sleep laboratory. The various roles of the otolaryngologist to the facility are also discussed.
B-Cell Leukemias of Mature Lymphocytes

Abstract The leukemias of mature B cells are a limited set of diseases in which blood and bone marrow are the primary sites of involvement. Although any lymphoproliferative disorder can eventually enter a leukemic phase, this chapter is limited to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and HCL variant (HCLv). Burkitt lymphoma, which may present as leukemia, and splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) are dealt with in other chapters.
Utilization of Mental Health Services by Veterans Living in Rural Areas.

Purpose There is concern that veterans living in rural areas may not be receiving the mental health (MH) treatment they need. This study uses recent national survey data to examine the utilization of MH treatment among military veterans with a MH condition living in rural areas, providing comparisons with estimates of veterans living in urban areas. Methods Multivariable logistic regression is utilized to examine differences in MH service use by urban/rural residence, controlling for other factors. Rates of utilization of inpatient and outpatient treatment, psychotropic medication, any MH treatment, and perceived unmet need for MH care are examined. Findings There were significant differences in MH treatment utilization among veterans by rural/urban residence. Multivariate estimates indicate that compared to veterans with a MH condition living in urban areas, veterans in rural areas had 70% lower odds of receiving any MH treatment. Veterans with a MH condition in rural areas have approximately 52% and 64% lower odds of receiving outpatient treatment and prescription medications, respectively, compared to those living in urban areas. Differences in perceived unmet need for mental health treatment were not statistically significant. Conclusions While research indicates that recent efforts to improve MH service delivery have resulted in improved access to services, this study found that veterans’ rates of MH treatment are lower in rural areas, compared to urban areas. Continued efforts to support the provision of behavioral health services to rural veterans are needed. Telemedicine, using rural providers to their maximum potential, and engagement with community stakeholder groups are promising approaches.
Electrochemical performance of MXenes as K-ion battery anodes

Herein, we report on the electrochemical performance of two-dimensional transition metal carbonitrides as novel promising electrode materials in K-ion batteries. Titanium carbonitride, Ti3CNTz, was investigated in detail using electrochemical galvanostatic cycling at various current densities. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study the potassiation mechanism and its structural changes.
Model predictive control with event-triggered communication for an embedded artificial pancreas

Embedded or wearable artificial pancreas (AP) systems must be capable of low energy operation to ameliorate battery depletion and reduce the need for frequent recharge cycles. One of the major contributors to energy drain of such embedded AP systems is the power utilized for wireless communication among the components of the AP: the continuous glucose monitor (CGM), control module, insulin pump, and mobile app for display. In this paper, an event-triggered communication (ETC) algorithm is proposed for reducing sensor-to-controller transmissions. Concretely, a CGM value is not transmitted to the controller if the current and predicted glucose trajectory of the patient resides in a safe zone in the glucose space. An observer-based model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is subsequently deployed to regulate glucose with aperiodic, event-triggered CGM transmissions. Simulations on ten in-silico patients using the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator reveals that the proposed algorithm is capable of reducing the sensor-controller transmissions by around 50%. In spite of statistically significant communication reduction, the MPC with ETC maintains glucose values (mean ± standard deviation) in the clinically accepted range of 70180 mg/dL for 70.3±7.9% of the time in closed-loop, whereas a standard MPC maintains glucose in the euglycemic range for a comparable 71.8±7.9% with large, unannounced meals and nocturnal hypoglycemia. Furthermore, the proposed formalism exhibits lower time than the standard MPC in the hypoglycemic (<70 mg/dL) range. Thus, the proposed approach communicates efficaciously without compromising patient safety.
Does the Ideological Proximity Between Candidates and Voters Affect Voting in U.S. House Elections

Do citizens hold congressional candidates accountable for their policy positions? Recent studies reach different conclusions on this important question. In line with the predictions of spatial voting theory, a number of recent survey-based studies have found reassuring evidence that voters choose the candidate with the most spatially proximate policy positions. In contrast, most electoral studies find that candidates’ ideological moderation has only a small association with vote margins, especially in the modern, polarized Congress. We bring clarity to these discordant findings using the largest dataset to date of voting behavior in congressional elections. We find that the ideological positions of congressional candidates have only a small association with citizens’ voting behavior. Instead, citizens cast their votes “as if” based on proximity to parties rather than individual candidates. The modest degree of candidate-centered spatial voting in recent Congressional elections may help explain the polarization and lack of responsiveness in the contemporary Congress.
Interviewing to Understand Strengths

Interviewing clients about their strengths is an important part of developing a complete understanding of their lives and has several advantages over simply focusing on problems and pathology. Prerequisites for skillfully interviewing for strengths include the communication skills that emerge from a stance of not knowing, developing a vocabulary of strengths that allows practitioners to identify and name them, and having a “ear for strengths.” Building on this, Saleebey (2008) offers a framework of eight types of questions that allow us to explore strengths in depth with clients.
Association between maternal HIV disclosure and risk factors for perinatal transmission.

To determine whether maternal disclosure of HIV serostatus is associated with uptake of perinatal HIV transmission prevention interventions. Retrospective cohort study of women living with HIV enrolled in a perinatal HIV clinic. Women who disclosed their HIV serostatus to sexual partner(s) prior to delivery were compared to non-disclosers. Multivariable logistic regression was performed. Of 209 women, 71.3% (N = 149) disclosed. Non-disclosers were more likely to attend <10 prenatal visits, demonstrated worse antiretroviral therapy adherence, required more time to achieve virologic suppression, and were less likely to have an undetectable viral load. On multivariable analyses, disclosure status did not remain associated with these factors. However, compared to non-disclosers, disclosers had lower odds of preterm delivery (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19–0.94) and greater odds of postpartum visit attendance (aOR: 5.10, 95% CI: 1.65–15.72). Non-disclosure of HIV status to sexual partner(s) during pregnancy may be a risk factor for preterm birth and poorer postpartum visit attendance.
Abstract CN07-02: Epigenetics: A gatekeeper to DNA amplification

DNA copy gains and amplifications are often associated with tumorigenesis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. However, little is known about how these regions of the genome are selected for amplification. Our group discovered that modulation of epigenetic factors and their associated chromatin states controls DNA copy gains of drug-resistant regions. In fact, transient site-specific copy number gains occur in both normal and cancer cells upon manipulation of a histone H3 lysine 9/36 (H3K9/36) tri-demethylase KDM4A. However, the mechanism by which KDM4A is targeted to specific genomic regions and whether additional chromatin regulators are involved in this process were unknown. To begin addressing these questions, we performed a series of unbiased genetic screens against all the histone lysine-modifying enzymes and followed their ability to generate copy gains of regions using DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Our screen uncovered insights about how KDM4A targeting influences DNA amplification in the human genome. We also demonstrated that specific epigenetic factors are working as a network to modulate DNA amplification of drug-resistant regions of the genome. Furthermore, we uncovered KDM4A-independent DNA amplifications, which established that additional regions are undergoing epigenetic control for amplification. These data will be discussed at the meeting. Citation Format: Johnathan R. Whetstine. Epigenetics: A gatekeeper to DNA amplification [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr CN07-02.
Narrowing of electromagnetically induced transparency in an inhomogeneously broadened solid-state atomic ensemble

We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an inhomogeneously broadened solid-state ensemble of europium atoms. We observe agreement with theory including narrowing of the EIT linewidth as a function of the inhomogeneous width.
Intelligent Scheduling with Machine Learning

This paper presents a methodology for intelligent scheduling based on machine learning. Simulation is used to generate training examples depicting manufacturing patterns and the resulting performance of scheduling rules. Heuristics for applying these rules can then be generated by inductive learning algorithm The methodology also incorporates mechanisms for rule refinement and meta-control. The approach is addressed in the context of the adaptive decision support system (DSS) managing the interactions between simulation, training, learning, and scheduling.
Comprehensive Treatment Packages for ASD: Perceived vs Proven Effectiveness

Publisher Summary It is reasonable to assert that comprehensive treatment would be recommended as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) by definition have broad impact upon the individual. Comprehensive treatment models typically consist of multiple components (e.g., child-focused instruction, family-focused support), a broad scope (i.e., they may address several developmental domains or skill areas), intensity (i.e., they often occur over an entire instructional day or in multiple settings such as a school/clinic and home), and longevity (i.e., they may occur over a month or even years). In the absence of any agreement across (or within) the many fields involved in service delivery and research as to what measures should be used to evaluate treatment outcome, this chapter chooses to focus on a survey of both sources of recommendations for the lay and professional public, and also published reviews of the literature, in an effort to address both the range of interventions recommended as well as the evaluation of data presented in support of interventions.
Dispersion Relation in Compressible Plasma

The Maxwell-Euler equations are reformulated through linear operator and generalized transform techniques into an equivalent matrix integral equation. The dispersion relation is obtained from the kernel of this integral equation for a homogeneous, anistropic, and compressible electron-fluid plasma. Some illuminating graphs showing the propagation constants as functions of the normalized plasma frequency are developed analytically to study the dispersion relation. These kinds of graphs are usually plotted from the limited amount of numerical data available in the literature (e.g., Ginzburg, 1961). Clemmow-Mullaly-Allis type of diagram for the compressible plasma is sketched from these graphs. Actually, dispersion curves are obtained which are inversely related to the wave normal surfaces calculated by Allis, Buchsbaum and Bers (1963). A proper terminology for the three types of waves involved in an electron plasma is also introduced.
The effect of nitric oxide inhibition on ischemic brain edema.

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the development of ischemic cytotoxic edema was investigated by inhibiting nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity with Nω-nitro-L-arginine (NLA). Bilateral carotid artery occlusion (15 min) alone or with release (15 and 60 min) served as a model for edema induction. NLA, Nω-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME) or Ringer’s solution were administered 4 hr prior to ischemia or sham operation. Treatment with a stable nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipe-ridine-L-oxyl (TPL), was used to assess free radical involvement in edema. Accumulation of tissue water was evaluated by measuring specific gravity (SG) of brain cortex and histological examination. There was a greater reduction of cortical SG in early reperfusion (15 min) and a lesser decrease in SG (60 min later) in NLA- than in D-NAME- or Ringer’s-treated gerbils. The NLA effect was confirmed by histological examination of the brain tissue. TPL treatment (pre- and postischemic) ameliorated the formation of edema to the same degree as NLA. The findings indicate a biphasic NLA modulation of cytotoxic edema most likely mediated through absence or presence of NO-derived free radicals.
Factors Influencing Emerging Adults’ Use of Outpatient Mental Health Services

ABSTRACTRates of treatment utilization decline as adolescents make the transition to adulthood even though young adults are particularly vulnerable to the negative outcomes of untreated mental illn...
A digital image flow meter for granular flows with a comparison of direct regression and neural network computational methods

Abstract Effective measurement of dense granular flow rates is essential for ensuring optimal performance of a wide variety of industrial processes with digital imaging processing techniques being developed and implemented in many manufacturing control applications. This paper presents a digital image flow meter system that utilizes sequential image pairs to determine granular mass flow rates with a comparison of two different computational strategies: Direct Regression (DR) of the displacements and Neural Network (NN) modeling. Results show DR is a robust method that can accurately predict flow rates with an average relative error of 7.56% without calibration despite its simplicity. Both methods can have the relative error reduced below 3% by time-averaging over a series of measurements. NN models were found to predict flow rates from image pairs faster than DR, but the NN predictions had a higher variance and lower accuracy. The proposed granular flow metering strategy has the potential of utilizing inexpensive hardware to effectively estimate flow rates and can be easily implemented in hardware platforms where there is a visible granular flow.
A side-by-side comparison of the solidification dynamics of quasicrystalline and approximant phases in the Al–Co–Ni system

Quasicrystals and their approximants have triggered widespread interest due to the challenge of solving their complex crystal structures as well as their possibly exceptional properties. The structural motifs of approximants are similar to those of the corresponding quasicrystals, but to what extent are their crystallization pathways the same? Unfortunately, there have been very few in situ experimental investigations to answer this question. Here, by leveraging the high penetrating power of hard X-rays, synchrotron-based X-ray tomography was conducted in order to capture the nucleation and growth of a decagonal quasicrystal and its related approximant. The combination of data-driven computational analysis with new thermodynamic databases allowed the characterization, with high precision, of the constitutional and kinetic driving forces for crystallization. The experimental results prove that the growth of both crystals from a liquid is dominated by first-order kinetics. Nevertheless, and somewhat surprisingly, significant differences were observed in their rates of nucleation and growth. The reasons for such divergent behaviours are discussed in light of contemporary theories of intermetallic crystallization.
Active Coordination of Robotic Terrain-Adaptive Wheeled Vehicles for Power Minimization

An active coordination scheme is developed for articulated wheeled vehicles equipped with redundant actuation, for the minimization of power consumed during locomotion on soft terrain. A detailed soil-mechanics model is used to incorporate the effects of sinkage, slip and soil resistance at the wheel-terrain contact. The coordination scheme determines the optimal actuator torques to perform vehicle guidance and is consistent with the kinematic and dynamic constraints imposed on the vehicle system due to the non-holonomic nature of the wheel-terrain contact. The key feature in the coordination scheme is the optimal allocation of the wheel plane contact forces in response to the differences in the soil condition at the different wheel contacts.
A Weight-adjusting Approach on an Ensemble of Classifiers for Time Series Forecasting

In this study, we present a hybrid heterogeneous forecasting model that combines autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and two machine learning classifiers (i.e. support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN)) for time series forecasting. The approach adjusts each model's weight based on their ability and history of predicting numerical values. A weighted numerical value based on each model's numerical output and their weight is calculated as the final output. An air quality dataset is used to evaluate our approach. We conduct the experimental comparison among our proposed weight-adjusting approach on the heterogeneous forecasting model, each individual model in the ensemble, and a hybrid homogenous forecasting model (e.g. random forest). It turns out that our proposed approach has a better performance than each single model in the ensemble and the hybrid homogeneous forecasting model in terms of mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).
Medium-chain fatty acid synthesis by Candidatus Weimeria bifida, gen. nov., sp. nov., and Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans, sp. nov.

ABSTRACT Chain elongation is emerging as a bioprocess to produce valuable medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 6 to 8 carbons in length) from organic waste streams by harnessing the metabolism of anaerobic microbiomes. Although our understanding of chain elongation physiology is still evolving, the reverse β-oxidation pathway has been identified as a key metabolic function to elongate the intermediate products of fermentation to MCFA. Here, we describe two uncultured chain-elongating microorganisms that were enriched in an anaerobic microbiome transforming the residues from a lignocellulosic biorefining process. Based on a multi-omic analysis, we describe “Candidatus Weimeria bifida” gen. nov., sp. nov., and “Candidatus Pseudoramibacter fermentans” sp. nov., both predicted to produce MCFA but using different substrates. The analysis of a time series metatranscriptomic data set suggests that “Ca. Weimeria bifida” is an effective xylose utilizer since both the pentose phosphate pathway and the bifid shunt are active. Furthermore, the metatranscriptomic data suggest that energy conservation during MCFA production in this organism is essential and occurs via the creation of an ion motive force using both the RNF complex and an energy-conserving hydrogenase. For “Ca. Pseudoramibacter fermentans,” predicted to produce MCFA from lactate, the metatranscriptomic analysis reveals the activity of an electron-confurcating lactate dehydrogenase, energy conservation via the RNF complex, H2 production for redox balance, and glycerol utilization. A thermodynamic analysis also suggests the possibility of glycerol being a substrate for MCFA production by “Ca. Pseudoramibacter fermentans.” In total, this work reveals unknown characteristics of MCFA production in two novel organisms. IMPORTANCE Chain elongation by medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA)-producing microbiomes offers an opportunity to produce valuable chemicals from organic streams that would otherwise be considered waste. However, the physiology and energetics of chain elongation are only beginning to be studied, and many of these organisms remain uncultured. We analyzed MCFA production by two uncultured organisms that were identified as the main MCFA producers in a microbial community enriched from an anaerobic digester; this characterization, which is based on meta-multi-omic analysis, complements the knowledge that has been acquired from pure-culture studies. The analysis revealed previously unreported features of the metabolism of MCFA-producing organisms.
Female Mice Exhibit Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Protection in an Established Rupture Model.

Abstract Background Male gender is a well-established risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), whereas estrogen is hypothesized to play a protective role. Although rupture rates are higher in women, these reasons remain unknown. In the present study, we sought to determine if female mice are protected from AAA rupture. Materials and methods Apolipoprotein E–deficient male and female mice (aged 7 wk; n = 25 per group) were infused with angiotensin II (AngII; 2000 ng/kg/min) plus β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) in the drinking water for 28 d to test the effects of gender on AAA rupture. Separately, a second group of male apolipoprotein E–deficient mice underwent AngII infusion + BAPN while being fed high-fat phytoestrogen free or a high-fat phytoestrogen diet to assess effects of phytoestrogens on rupture. In a third group, female mice either underwent oophorectomy or sham operation 4 wk before infusion of AngII and BAPN to further test the effects of female hormones on AA rupture. Surviving mice abdominal aorta were collected for histology, cytokine array, and gelatin zymography on postoperative day 28. Results Female mice had decreased AAA rupture rates (16% versus 46%; P = 0.029). Female mice expressed fewer elastin breaks (P = 0.0079) and decreased smooth muscle cell degradation (P = 0.0057). Multiple cytokines were also decreased in the female group. Gelatin zymography demonstrated significantly decreased pro-matrix metalloproteinase 2 in female mice (P = 0.001). Male mice fed a high dose phytoestrogen diet failed to decrease AAA rupture. Female mice undergoing oophorectomy did not have accelerated aortic rupture. Conclusions These data are the first to attempt to tease out hormonal effects on AAA rupture and the possible role of gender in rupture.
Collaborative writing in mixed classes: What do heritage and second language learners think?

This study investigates heritage language (HL) and second language (L2) learners' attitudes and perceptions of their mixed HL–L2 interactions. As part of the activities of a 10‐week course, eight Spanish HL learners and 10 L2 learners worked in mixed dyads to complete a series of collaborative writing tasks designed to leverage their complementary strengths and weaknesses. A beginning‐of‐quarter and an end‐of‐quarter questionnaire were administered. Learners' responses revealed that HL and L2 learners alike had a highly positive experience that changed their initial reluctance toward collaborative writing. Most learners noticed language gains and an improvement in their writing skills. Yet both HL and L2 participants agreed that L2 learners, who were generally perceived as less proficient, benefited more. HL learners also reported affective benefits from their role as linguistic and cultural experts. Although some challenges were noticed, overall, findings support the use of collaborative writing tasks in mixed classes.
Face category differentially influences face memories after a delay

Faces belonging to the same category as the perceiver are better recognised than faces from different categories when tested immediately. After a delay, the same-category benefit persists and respo...
Coat Color and Cat Outcomes in an Urban U.S. Shelter.

Some nonhuman animal shelters have developed rehoming programs for black cats to remedy what they believe are their higher rates of euthanasia and lower rates of adoption. This study reviews humans’ preferences/aversions to cats of various coat colors and uses contingency tables and multinomial logistic regression to test possible differences in outcomes (euthanasia, adoption, or transfer) for 7983 cats that entered an urban public shelter in Kentucky, USA from 2010 through 2011. While coat color overall was negligibly associated with cat outcomes in a contingency table, the pairwise difference between black and white cats was significant (p < 0.05) and nontrivial in strength. Specifically, black cats experienced the highest euthanasia and lowest adoption rates, while white cats had the lowest euthanasia and highest adoption rates. Brown, gray, and orange cats experienced similar outcomes, but middling between those of black and white cats. These patterns by color remained weak but significant after controlling for breed and stray status in regression analysis, with the exception of orange and white, which did not differ significantly. A subsample of 1219 entirely black cats was analyzed to assess whether they had different outcomes during the run-up to Halloween; their October percentages of adoption and transfer were comparable to or lower than all other months of the calendar year. Thus, this study did not find that outcomes improved for black cats during October. Overall, this study provides weak support for what has been termed “Black Cat Bias” by others, and hints that black cats in public shelters should receive extra consideration for rehoming, particularly if such efforts do not substantially redirect resources from other initiatives.
Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Kidney: Disease Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes

Background: Primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney (PSCCK) is exceedingly rare and data on disease characteristics and outcomes are sparse. This study examines a nationally-representative cancer registry to better characterize PSCCK. Methods: We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients with histology-confirmed PSCCK from 2004 to 2015. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were employed to assess predictors of mortality and estimate median survival time, respectively. Results: A total of 110 patients were included (47:53% female:male, 77% ≥60 years of age, 86% Caucasian). Significant predictors of mortality included female sex, age 60–69 years, treatment at an Integrated Network Cancer Program, stage cM1, and lack of surgical and chemoradiotherapy treatment. Independent protective factors were high socioeconomic status and treatment at an Academic Research Program. The estimated median overall survival time was 9.31 (95% CI 7.28–10.98) months for all patients. No differences in estimated survival time were observed across individual treatment modalities among those patients who underwent treatment (p = 0.214). Conclusions: PSCCK is an aggressive malignancy with a median survival time of less than one year. Future studies that correlate clinical tumor staging with specific treatment modalities are needed to optimize and individualize management.