cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Converse bounds for interference channels via coupling and proof of Costa's conjecture

It is shown that under suitable regularity conditions, differential entropy is O(√n)-Lipschitz as a function of probability distributions on ℝn with respect to the quadratic Wasserstein distance. Under similar conditions, (discrete) Shannon entropy is shown to be O(n)-Lipschitz in distributions over the product space with respect to Ornstein's d-distance (Wasserstein distance corresponding to the Hamming distance). These results together with Talagrand's and Marton's transportation-information inequalities allow one to replace the unknown multi-user interference with its i.i.d. approximations. As an application, a new outer bound for the two-user Gaussian interference channel is proved, which, in particular, settles the “missing corner point” problem of Costa (1985).
Interpolation procedure for cascading S-parameters to prevent aliasing

This paper describes a methodology for re-sampling S-parameters in a manner that prevents aliasing when combining multiple S-parameter sets. In high speed serial data link systems, S-parameters are often used to describe the characteristic behavior [1, 2]. A complex system may be composed of multiple subsystems. Each subsystem can be represented by one S-parameter set. There is a need to combine these S-parameter sets to obtain the model for the complete system. It is required that S-parameter data covers a specific bandwidth of interest. It is also required that the S parameter data has frequency resolution that is fine enough to prevent aliasing [3]. This means that the frequency resolution needs to be fine enough to provide a time interval long enough to cover the impulse response duration plus the reflections duration. Even though all the S-parameter data for an individual block may have appropriate frequency resolution, the same frequency resolution may become inadequate when combining them together in a cascade.
Trauma in Sex-Trafficked Children

Every minute, two children are sexually enslaved across the globe. Practitioners and judges should be aware of the short and long-term rehabilitation needs of trafficked children. Until resources are available to create and implement specialized rehabilitation services to care for every child victim of sex trafficking, practitioners and judges should be considering alternatives within their own jurisdictions, such as therapeutic foster homes. Because there are poignant similarities between the traumas experienced by other vulnerable populations of children, especially those who have endured child sexual abuse or family violence, this Chapter proposes that sex-trafficked children be placed where those vulnerable children are often placed: in our foster care system, preferably therapeutic foster care. (This Chapter builds upon an earlier law review article published in 2016 by the West Virginia Law Review entitled Healing Sex-Trafficked Children: A Domestic Family Law Approach to an International Epidemic.)Outline:9.1 THE EPIDEMIC OF CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING 9.2 THE THERAPEUTIC FOSTER CARE MODEL IN THE UNITED STATES9.3 HOW SEX-TRAFFICKED CHILDREN AND ABUSED CHILDREN ARE SIMILAR IN THE TRAUMA ENDURED AND REHABILITATION NEEDED9.4 POTENTIAL OBSTACLES TO HEALING SEX-TRAFFICKED CHILDREN IN THERAPEUTIC FOSTER HOMESA. Children’s Needs are not UniformB. Critiques of the Overall Foster Care System 9.5 CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 25 – A Genomic Approach to the Treatment of Breast Cancer

This chapter discusses a genomic approach to the treatment of breast cancer. Using DNA microarray or proteomic analysis, it should be possible to gain an understanding of the unique susceptibilities of an individual's cancers. Already, the feasibility of this approach to analyzing human breast cancer has been reported, and a new concept has been suggested for the origins and classification of breast cancer. In this analysis, breast cancers fell into at least three groups: those of luminal cell origin (ER-positive), basal epithelial cell origin (ER-negative), and HER2/ neu (Erb-2)-positive cells. Each one of these was characterized by high expression of a specific subset of genes. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 can independently influence the transcription profile of breast cancers. Therefore, it should be possible to sort these data by viewing all of the pathways involved in the ultimate outcome of a drug-target interaction. In this way, it may be possible to select a drug that is likely to be effective over one that is not. The chapter discusses work with the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line in which DNA microarrays were done before and after treatment with doxorubicin, one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.
Megakaryocytic Transcription Factors in Disease and Leukemia

An understanding of the transcriptional regulation of megakaryopoiesis has lagged behind that of other hematopoietic lineages due to the rarity of these cells and the relatively recent development of systems to culture large numbers of megakaryocytes. However, significant progress has been made over the past few decades resulting in the identification of many key transcription factors involved in megakaryocyte specification and maturation. A number of important principles have emerged including physical and functional interactions among a core set of transcription factors including GATA, ETS, and RUNX family members, cross antagonistic network interactions with key erythroid-specific factors in cell fate determination of bipotential erythroid-megakaryocytic progenitor cells, and a surprising overlap with hematopoietic stem cell transcriptional regulators. A high proportion of genes encoding megakaryocytic transcription factors are mutated in human thrombopoiesis disorders, and a number of these are associated with leukemia predisposition. This chapter reviews the current knowledge about transcription factors involved in megakaryopoiesis, how they interact, and how their activities are influenced by cell signaling events. It also highlights the important role that dysregulation of these factors play in certain human platelet biogenesis disorders and leukemogenesis.
Determination of the critical O2 delivery from experimental data: sensitivity to error

Normally, metabolic need determines tissue O2 consumption (VO2). In states of reduced supply, VO2 declines sharply below a critical level of O2 delivery (QO2 = blood flow X arterial O2 content). Although several investigators have measured a critical O2 delivery in whole animals or in isolated tissues, there is no general agreement over how to determine the critical point from a collection of real data. In this study, we compare three algorithms for finding the critical O2 delivery from a set of experimental data. We also present a technique for estimating the effect of experimental error on the precision of these algorithms. Using 16 data sets collected in normal dogs, we compare single-line, dual-line, and polynomial regression algorithms for identifying the critical O2 delivery. The dual-line and polynomial regression techniques fit the data better (mean residual square deviation 0.024 and 0.031, respectively) than the single-regression line approach (0.110). To investigate the influence of experimental error on the derived critical QO2, we used a Monte Carlo technique, repeatedly perturbing the experimental data to simulate experimental error. We then calculated the variance of the critical QO2 frequency distribution obtained when the three algorithms were applied to the perturbed data. By this analysis, the dual-line regression technique was less sensitive to experimental error than the polynomial technique.
Cicero on the Mixed Regime

The mixed regime or mixed constitution is widely regarded as one of the ancient world’s most important contributions to political thought. The deceptive simplicity of the concept and its familiarity as a key element in republican theory make it tempting to overlook its theoretical underpinnings. This paper argues that to do so would be a mistake, for the various accounts of the mixed regime in fact presuppose fundamental and not uncontroversial views about human nature, chance, and reason. When these latent concepts underlying treatments of the mixed regime are illuminated, it turns out that there is not, as is often assumed, a single theory of the mixed regime - not even if the search is limited to Greek and Roman political thought. The thinker who most effectively draws our attention to this is Cicero.
Overexpression of Flap Endonuclease 1 Correlates with Enhanced Proliferation and Poor Prognosis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) plays a crucial role in both DNA replication and damage repair. In this study, FEN1 expression and its clinical-pathologic significance in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis identified that both FEN1 mRNA and protein were highly overexpressed in about 36% of 136 cancer tissues compared to adjacent tissues, in which FEN1 was generally undetectable. Notably, patients with FEN1-overexpressed cancers were prone to have poor differentiation and poor prognosis. A strong positive correlation between the levels of FEN1 and Ki-67 staining was identified in these NSCLC tissues (r = 0.485), suggesting overexpressed FEN1 conferred a proliferative advantage to NSCLC. Furthermore, knockdown of FEN1 resulted in G1/S or G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and suppressed in vitro cellular proliferation in NSCLC cancer cells. Consistently, a selective FEN1 inhibitor was shown to effectively inhibit cellular proliferation of NSCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, knockdown of FEN1 significantly attenuated homologous DNA repair efficiency and enhanced cytotoxic effects of cisplatin in NSCLC cells. Taken together, these findings have indicated that overexpressed FEN1 represents a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment, which warrants further study.
Computer Modeling of Electromagnetic Problems Using the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction1

Some applications of the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD), a high frequency ray optical solution to electromagnetic problems, are presented. GTD extends geometric optics, which does not take into account the diffractions occurring at edges, vertices, and various other discontinuities. Diffraction solutions, analysis of basic structures, construction of more complex structures, and coupling using GTD are discussed.
A novel surgical technique for a rat subcutaneous implantation of a tissue engineered scaffold

Abstract Objectives Subcutaneous implantations in small animal models are currently required for preclinical studies of acellular tissue to evaluate biocompatibility, including host recellularization and immunogenic reactivity. Methods Three rat subcutaneous implantation methods were evaluated in six Sprague Dawley rats. An acellular xenograft made from porcine pericardium was used as the tissue-scaffold. Three implantation methods were performed; 1) Suture method is where a tissue-scaffold was implanted by suturing its border to the external oblique muscle, 2) Control method is where a tissue-scaffold was implanted without any suturing or support, 3) Frame method is where a tissue-scaffold was attached to a circular frame composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomaterial and placed subcutaneously. After 1 and 4 weeks, tissue-scaffolds were explanted and evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE respectively. TEM analysis showed an increase in inflammatory cells in both suture and control methods following implantation. Conclusion Rat subcutaneous implantation with the frame method was performed with success and ease. The surgical approach used for the frame technique was found to be the best methodology for in vivo evaluation of tissue engineered acellular scaffolds, where the frame method did not compromise mechanical strength, but it reduced inflammation significantly.
A Dynamic Model of a Superfractionator: A Test Case for Comparing Distillation Control Techniques

Abstract A detailed dynamic simulator of a propylene/propane (C) splitter has been developed to compare dual composition control performance for distillation control techniques. This column represents a large class of industrial distillation control problems: a high reflux ratio, low relative volatility separation with a large numbers of stages (superfractionator). The C 3 splitter was designed to produce polymer grade propylene (99.7% propylene) using 234 trays with a reflux ratio of 12.6. The relative volatility was modeled as a function of liquid composition and pressure. Liquid dynamics were modeled using a hydraulic time constant and equimolal overflow was assumed. The simulator was equipped with loosely tuned PI level controls. The simulator, which uses the (L,B) configuration, was bench marked against data from an industrial C splitter. A set of standard test scenarios come with the simulator. One of the tests, which involves periodic changes in feed composition, has been shown to provide a more critical evaluation of controller performance than standard step tests. This simulator has been used earlier to compare control results for a diagonal PI controller, a DMC controller and a nonlinear model based controller.
DEFORMATION AND FAILURE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED GRAINS

Abstract After considering the limitations imposed by the characteristic response of filled elastomers on the performance of case-bonded solid propellant grains, particularly the effect of loss of filler-binder interaction with increasing strain, the significant features of metal-wire or mesh-reinforced grains are discussed. The difference between the design criteria for such grains and for other types of reinforced structures is emphasized and the inapplicability of classical methods of viscoelastic analysis is discussed. Methods of analysis of elastic orthotropic, inhomogeneous, case-bonded grains are summarized and their limitations shown with respect to optimal utilization of the reinforcement. Such utilization requires the use of reinforcement of variable ductility throughout the wall-thickness of the grain and the consideration of its elastic-plastic response in grain analysis.
Patterned Electrospray Fiber Structures

Abstract : Electrospun fibers have useful filtration properties for chemical protective clothing and filter masks. Techniques for the patterned deposition of these fibers have been developed based on varying the conductivity of the target substrate. We are investigating multilayer arrangements of patterned fibers deposited in single layers, and onto air-permeable substrates. Patterning through the depth and across the area of the deposited layers has an effect on membrane strength. These materials are possible add-on solutions to provide complete biological and chemical aerosol particle protection for air permeable garments. Enhanced filtration efficiency of woven and nonwoven fabrics will improve individual soldier protection without compromising air flow characteristics or comfort of air-permeable garments.
Patient Reported Impact of Symptoms in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (PRISM-SMA)

Objective To determine the frequency and relative importance of symptoms experienced by adults with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and to identify factors that are associated with a higher burden of disease in this population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 359 adults with SMA using the International SMA Patient Registry. Participants provided input regarding 20 symptomatic themes and 207 symptoms that potentially affect adults with SMA. Participants were asked about the relative importance of each symptom, and analysis was conducted to determine how age, sex, SMA type, education, mobility, and employment status relate to symptom prevalence. Results Limitations with mobility or walking (98.6%) and the inability to do activities (98.6%) were the 2 themes with the highest prevalence in the study sample. Limitation with mobility or walking was the theme that was identified as having the greatest effect on the lives of adults with SMA. Employment status was associated with the prevalence of 4 of 20 themes and a reliance on an assistive device was associated with 7 of 20 themes. The prevalence of breathing difficulties, choking or swallowing difficulties, and communication difficulties differed among those with different SMA types. Conclusions There are many symptomatic themes that affect the lives of adults with SMA. These themes vary in prevalence and relative importance in the adult SMA population.
W-Band True-Time Delay Phase Shifters Using Paraffin Microactuators

We report a distributed loaded line phase shifter based on a new class of electro-thermally actuated RF MEMS devices using paraffin phase-change material (PCM). Paraffin is a low loss (tan δ = 6.6×10-4) mechanical phase-change material that exhibits a 15% volumetric change through its solid-liquid transition. Due to its unique electrical and mechanical properties, paraffin PCM variable capacitors exhibit a very low loss which is critical in designing reconfigurable structures. Here, a low-loss paraffin PCM based true-time delay, continuously-tunable phase shifter is designed and optimized. A figure-of merit of 71.8°/dB is achieved while maintaining a return loss more than 12 dB. Designed phase shifter has a maximum insertion loss of 5 dB for a 360° phase shift. Electro-thermo-mechanical performance of the paraffin PCM device is studied by carrying out a fully coupled multiphysics simulation. Maximum displacement of 0.8 μm is achieved with a 2.6 μm-thick paraffin film. A new fabrication method for the deposition of the thin paraffin film is developed and a fabrication process for the device is presented.
From a Divided Library in a Divided City to One Library in Two Houses: A Centennial for a Great European Research Library Reunited and Restored

The Berlin State Library—Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation probably suffered more from the vicissitudes of the twentieth century than any other German cultural institution. It experienced the destruction of the building and the evacuation and loss of collections. Like Berlin, it was divided after World War II and was reunited after Berlin was reunited. In 2018, the library marks a century since the establishment of the Prussian State Library. But the legacy of the past century remains. Significant collections are still held in Eastern European libraries and the library must undertake the restitution of books acquired directly or indirectly through Nazi persecution. This article draws upon resources written in German and English to present the story of an important library that was under duress for much of the twentieth century. It discusses the impact of different historical eras on the library as a cultural institution and on the documentary heritage embodied in the library's rich collections. Although problems caused by these events remain, with reunification and restoration, the library is once again serving international scholarship and preserving an important part of the world's documentary heritage.
Evidence of Significant Ceftriaxone and Quinolone Resistance in Cirrhotics with Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

There are few studies addressing the impact of cephalosporin and quinolone resistance on hospital length of stay and mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). We aim to describe the shifting epidemiology of SBP at our institution and its impact on clinical outcomes. We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of all cases of SBP from 2005 to 2015 at a transplant center. Cases were identified using hospital billing data. Patient data were confirmed using the electronic medical record. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors that were associated with prolonged hospital length of stay and reduced survival. Culture-positive cases (N = 56) were compared to culture-negative cases (N = 104). Subpopulation analysis of the culture-positive cases compared ceftriaxone-resistant (N = 25) to ceftriaxone-susceptible (N = 31) cases. We identified 160 cases of SBP (56 culture positive and 104 culture negative; 21 nosocomial, 79 hospital associated, and 60 community acquired). Forty-five percent (N = 25 total, 13 hospital associated and 6 nosocomial) of bacterial isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone, with 37.5% (N = 21) being gram positive, including 8 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus and 6 vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. Multivariate analysis identified hospital-associated SBP, age, alcoholic cirrhosis, and MELD-Na score as variables associated with worse survival (P < 0.05), with a trend toward worse survival in culture-positive cases (P = 0.123). Only MELD-Na was associated with prolonged length of stay. The burden of resistant pathogens causing SBP is significant, notably in hospital-associated SBP. Culture-positive SBP may represent a higher risk group compared to culture-negative SBP.
Sustainable Thinking: Ensuring Your Library’s Future in an Uncertain World

The current library environment and the natural environment can both prove confusing. A 2013 Pew Research Center report states that a large majority of Americans value libraries, but they also do n...
Open globe injury with an interesting intra-ocular foreign body.

Introduction: Cases of penetrating ocular trauma due to osseous material are limited, so reported incidents are valuable in determining outcomes and proper treatment courses. Case description: We report a case of an open globe injury of the left eye with an intraocular foreign body occurring after a firework exploded in the hand of a 22-year-old man. The patient presented with light perception vision in the injured eye with a full-thickness limbal laceration and dense hyphema obscuring fundoscopy. CT scan revealed a hyperdense foreign body juxtaposed to the lens. Immediate surgical intervention to repair the globe rupture revealed a defect in the anterior capsule and small, white objects in the posterior chamber that were promptly removed. Pathologic investigation determined these fragments to be cortical bone likely from the patient’s phalanges. Results and discussion: There was no evidence of endophthalmitis or keratitis from time of injury to the five-month follow-up, suggesting that the risk of infection may be low and therefore it may be reasonable to manage these injuries with a period of observation.
Solids with cracks and non-spherical pores : proper parameters of defect density and effective elastic properties

The work is motivated by inadequacy of the conventional defect density parameters, such as porosity (relative volume of pores) or the usual crack density in situations that are frequently encountered in applications: of non-spherical pores of diverse shapes, fluid-filled cracks/pores, pores in an anisotropic matrix. We call a defect density parameter proper if it correctly reflects the individual defect contributions into the effective elastic properties. Only in terms of such parameters can these properties be uniquely expressed. Their identification is non-trivial even in the framework of the non-interaction approximation; defect interactions further complicate the problem. We show that the proper parameters are identified by the structure of the elastic potential. Besides being necessary, the proper parameters yield the following benefits: (1) anisotropy due to non-randomly oriented defects is established; (2) expressions for the effective moduli cover, in a unified way, all mixtures of defects of diverse shapes and arbitrary orientational distributions; (3) they provide guidance for the proper interpretation of experimental data on elasticity of porous materials. For certain types of defects (field of pores of complex, but identical shapes, for example), the general results in terms of tensorial parameters reduce, for each particular orientational distribution, to expressions in terms of the conventional parameters. However, in other situations (non-spherical pores of diverse shapes, fluid-filled cracks/pores, pores in an anisotropic matrix) such a reduction cannot, generally, be done, even for a particular orientational distribution.
Testimonio íntimo y crítica del mito neoyorquino en Fragmentos de Nueva York 1, de Dionisio Cañas

espanolFragmentos de Nueva York 1, del poeta manchego Dionisio Canas, se escribio durante los ultimos anos que vivio el poeta en esa ciudad (circa 2005) y se publico en Espana en el 2013. Ademas de memoria personal, es escritura que se inserta en una estetica de la reflexion critica y el desocultamiento de la realidad. Canas emplea la satira y la ironia para vaciar y tomar distancia del lugar comun respecto de la Ciudad de los rascacielos. En ese sentido, el libro es un buen antidoto contra los mitos publicitarios y las distorsiones culturales que rodean lo que considera la vision epidermica que ha prevalecido de esa ciudad en la poesia de lengua espanola. En lugar del canto a la ciudad moderna, en estos poemas de calidad aforistica Canas desoculta la falta de solidaridad y de conciencia ante los problemas que produce el consumo conspicuo y el volumen exorbitante de desperdicios que se genera. De ahi que proponga, con un cierto matiz ironico y una absoluta honestidad, una poesia de la basura. Su poesia, en estos Fragmentos, es escritura a ras de tierra, caracterizada por un lenguaje directo y de aspiraciones humanas. EnglishFragmentos de Nueva York 1, by La Mancha poet Dionisio Canas, was written during the last few years that the poet lived in New York City (circa 2005) and published in Spain in 2013. Besides being a memoir, his writing speaks to an esthetics of critical thinking and laying bare reality. Canas uses satire and irony to unpack and distance himself from the cliches that surround the City of Skyscrapers. In that sense, the book is a strong antidote against the advertising myths and cultural distortions that have prevailed about New York City in Spanish-language poetry. Instead of exalting the modern city, in these poems of aphoristic quality, Canas points to a lack of solidarity and awareness of the problems produced by consumerism, as well as the huge volume of waste that is generated. It follows then that Canas should propose, with a tint of irony and absolute honesty, a Poetry of garbage. His poetry, in this book, is down to earth, and characterized by direct language and humane aspirations.
Explaining the Profitability Anomaly

We provide a new explanation for the profitability anomaly along with a battery of supportive empirical tests. Our explanation is based on the observation that investors frequently value stocks by assigning similar price-to-earnings multiples to stocks with similar expected firm growth. This naive approach to valuation results in a positive relation between profitability and future stock returns, and the relation is stronger in firms with higher growth. The relation arises because less profitable firms must issue additional equity in the future to finance growth, thus diluting the claims of existing stockholders to future earnings and cash flows.
A green infrastructure spatial planning model for evaluating ecosystem service tradeoffs and synergies across three coastal megacities

A growing number of cities are investing in green infrastructure to foster urban resilience and sustainability. While these nature-based solutions are often promoted on the basis of their multifunctionality, in practice, most studies and plans focus on a single benefit, such as stormwater management. This represents a missed opportunity to strategically site green infrastructure to leverage social and ecological co-benefits. To address this gap, this paper builds on existing modeling approaches for green infrastructure planning to create a more generalizable tool for comparing spatial tradeoffs and synergistic 'hotspots' for multiple desired benefits. I apply the model to three diverse coastal megacities: New York City, Los Angeles (United States), and Manila (Philippines), enabling cross-city comparisons for the first time. Spatial multi-criteria evaluation is used to examine how strategic areas for green infrastructure development across the cities change depending on which benefit is prioritized. GIS layers corresponding to six planning priorities (managing stormwater, reducing social vulnerability, increasing access to green space, improving air quality, reducing the urban heat island effect, and increasing landscape connectivity) are mapped and spatial tradeoffs assessed. Criteria are also weighted to reflect local stakeholders' desired outcomes as determined through surveys and stakeholder meetings and combined to identify high priority areas for green infrastructure development. To extend the model's utility as a decision-support tool, an interactive web-based application is developed that allows any user to change the criteria weights and visualize the resulting hotspots in real time. The model empirically illustrates the complexities of planning green infrastructure in different urban contexts, while also demonstrating a flexible approach for more participatory, strategic, and multifunctional planning of green infrastructure in cities around the world.
Should My Patient Accept a Kidney from a Hepatitis C Virus–Infected Donor?

The availability of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents that reliably offer cure rates exceeding 95% for patients with CKD and patients with ESKD infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (1) has had a significant effect on the retrieval and allocation of kidneys from HCV-infected donors. Presented with increasing numbers of kidney offers from viremic donors, the transplant community has studied the feasibility of using these kidneys in an effort to increase access to kidney transplantation. Many transplant centers are now routinely performing transplants from HCV-viremic donors into HCV-positive recipients and initiating DAA treatment early after transplantation with excellent outcomes (2,3). This approach has translated into shorter waitlist times, increased access to transplantation, and a potential decrease in long-term morbidity and mortality for this patient population (2⇓⇓–5). In the context of studies demonstrating the safety and efficacy of the DAAs in kidney recipients (2,3,6,7), there has been increased interest in transplanting kidneys from HCV-positive donors into uninfected recipients. Agreeing to accept a kidney from a Public Health Service increased risk, HCV-infected donor requires informed consent at the time of listing, and in this context, many patients are being presented with this option and often seek advice and recommendations from their nephrologist. Understanding the pertinent literature on this topic will enable the nephrologist to actively participate in this decision and offer valuable guidance. Following the discovery of HCV and the availability of an ELISA to identify anti-HCV antibody, many cases of transmission of HCV with kidney transplantation were reported (8,9). Adverse consequences of transmission at the time of transplantation with resulting de novo HCV infection in the setting of intense immunosuppression included an aggressive form of fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH) and an immune complex injury to the allograft resembling …
Design for inclusivity

Abstract As health designs and technologies advance, it is important to ensure that new designs do not disadvantage particular groups and negatively impact already underserved populations. The goal of this chapter is to provide best practices and applied examples to instruct human factors practitioners (researchers and designers) in creating health-care designs that are inclusive of various populations. The chapter begins by describing concepts relevant to inclusive design and previous research highlighting the consequences of poor inclusive design. This overview sets a foundation for discussing general best practices and as well as guidance associated with three approaches: using personas, maximum variance sampling, and community-based participatory research. Each approach will be accompanied by an applied case study to demonstrate the approach in action.
Visualization of R410A Flow Boiling Inside Horizontal Smooth Tubes under Diabatic Conditions

This article presents a novel approach to visualize the flow boiling in round tubes under “diabatic conditions”. In the visualization test section, a 3D printed round tube is placed inside a glass ...
Ice retreat in Wilkes Basin of East Antarctica during a warm interglacial.

Efforts to improve sea level forecasting on a warming planet have focused on determining the temperature, sea level and extent of polar ice sheets during Earth’s past interglacial warm periods1–3. About 400,000 years ago, during the interglacial period known as Marine Isotopic Stage 11 (MIS11), the global temperature was 1 to 2 degrees Celsius greater2 and sea level was 6 to 13 metres higher1,3. Sea level estimates in excess of about 10 metres, however, have been discounted because these require a contribution from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet3, which has been argued to have remained stable for millions of years before and includes MIS114,5. Here we show how the evolution of 234U enrichment within the subglacial waters of East Antarctica recorded the ice sheet’s response to MIS11 warming. Within the Wilkes Basin, subglacial chemical precipitates of opal and calcite record accumulation of 234U (the product of rock–water contact within an isolated subglacial reservoir) up to 20 times higher than that found in marine waters. The timescales of 234U enrichment place the inception of this reservoir at MIS11. Informed by the 234U cycling observed in the Laurentide Ice Sheet, where 234U accumulated during periods of ice stability6 and was flushed to global oceans in response to deglaciation7, we interpret our East Antarctic dataset to represent ice loss within the Wilkes Basin at MIS11. The 234U accumulation within the Wilkes Basin is also observed in the McMurdo Dry Valleys brines8–10, indicating11 that the brine originated beneath the adjacent East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The marine origin of brine salts10 and bacteria12 implies that MIS11 ice loss was coupled with marine flooding. Collectively, these data indicate that during one of the warmest Pleistocene interglacials, the ice sheet margin at the Wilkes Basin retreated to near the precipitate location, about 700 kilometres inland from the current position of the ice margin, which—assuming current ice volumes—would have contributed about 3 to 4 metres13 to global sea levels. Uranium isotopes in subglacial precipitates from the Wilkes Basin of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet reveal ice retreat during a warm Pleistocene interglacial period about 400,000 years ago.
CT for Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Primer for Residents

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common cause of hospitalization and non-invasive imaging techniques are increasingly utilized in their diagnostic workup. Understanding the appropriate imaging strategies for GIB can expedite therapy and lead to superior outcomes. Non-invasive imaging for GIB is complementary to endoscopy, but is an important secondary diagnostic tool when endoscopy results are inconclusive. This article summarizes the clinical evaluation of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of radiologic workup. It also provides a review of the non-invasive imaging modalities utilized in the workup of GIB with focus on computed tomography (CT) techniques, including the spectrum of imaging appearances of GIB.
Identification of MALT1 feedback mechanisms enables rational design of potent antilymphoma regimens for ABC-DLBCL.

Abstract MALT1 inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents for B-cell lymphomas that are dependent on constitutive or aberrant signaling pathways. However, a potential limitation for signal transduction–targeted therapies is the occurrence of feedback mechanisms that enable escape from the full impact of such drugs. Here, we used a functional genomics screen in activated B-cell–like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells treated with a small molecule irreversible inhibitor of MALT1 to identify genes that might confer resistance or enhance the activity of MALT1 inhibition (MALT1i). We find that loss of B-cell receptor (BCR)- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-activating proteins enhanced sensitivity, whereas loss of negative regulators of these pathways (eg, TRAF2, TNFAIP3) promoted resistance. These findings were validated by knockdown of individual genes and a combinatorial drug screen focused on BCR and PI3K pathway–targeting drugs. Among these, the most potent combinatorial effect was observed with PI3Kδ inhibitors against ABC-DLBCLs in vitro and in vivo, but that led to an adaptive increase in phosphorylated S6 and eventual disease progression. Along these lines, MALT1i promoted increased MTORC1 activity and phosphorylation of S6K1-T389 and S6-S235/6, an effect that was only partially blocked by PI3Kδ inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, simultaneous inhibition of MALT1 and MTORC1 prevented S6 phosphorylation, yielded potent activity against DLBCL cell lines and primary patient specimens, and resulted in more profound tumor regression and significantly improved survival of ABC-DLBCLs in vivo compared with PI3K inhibitors. These findings provide a basis for maximal therapeutic impact of MALT1 inhibitors in the clinic, by disrupting feedback mechanisms that might otherwise limit their efficacy.
Middle School Teachers’ Perceptions of and Use of Classroom Management Strategies and Associations With Student Behavior:

Disruptive student behavior in middle school is associated with negative outcomes including poor grades, low achievement scores, dropout, lost teaching time, teacher burnout, and societal expenditu...
Concerns about teaching culturally diverse students in a cross-disciplinary sample of higher education faculty

I examined concerns surrounding teaching culturally diverse students held by a cross-disciplinary sample of higher education faculty at a major Midwestern university in the United States. Findings ...
Addendum to Regulation of Charlatans in High-Skill Professions: The Case when Charlatans do Harm

We model a market for a skill in short supply and high demand, where the presence of charlatans (professionals who sell a service they do not deliver on) is an equilibrium outcome. Under a set of plausible assumptions, reducing the number of charlatans through regulation lowers consumer surplus because of the resulting reduction in competition amongst producers. Decreasing the number of charlatans turns a lower quality buyer’s market into a higher quality seller’s market. Producers strictly benefit from this reduction, likely explaining the regulation we observe. We derive the factors that drive the cross-sectional variation in charlatans (regulation) across professions.
Ocular foam round injury: A case report and literature review.

Abstract Purpose To report the case of a 25-year-old male who sustained significant ocular trauma from a confirmed foam round. To review the scientific literature on kinetic impact projectiles and legislation currently proposed to regulate their use. Observations A 25-year-old male presented to the emergency department with acute pain and vision loss in his left eye after being struck by a foam round. Initial exam showed significant periorbital ecchymosis, multiple eyelid lacerations, microhyphema, and vitreous hemorrhage. Computed tomography revealed fractures of the inferior and medial orbital walls. Optical coherence tomography also demonstrated full-thickness macular hole. Microhyphema resolved after 15 days with steroid and mydriatic drops. Vision at 60 days after injury stabilized at 20/60. Repeat OCT at this time revealed closure of the macular hole. Care for the patient is ongoing. Conclusions and Importance Foam rounds can cause a pattern of vision-threatening ocular trauma similar to that of rubber bullets with the additional risk of chemical injury. During the George Floyd protests, isolated reports of significant foam round-related ocular injuries have been reported in the press, but systematic epidemiologic and clinical data on the subject remains lacking. While accurate identification of the causative weapon is not required in the management of ocular trauma, it may impact advocacy efforts undertaken by physicians and the subsequent legislative efforts they inspire. Current state and federal law does not adequately protect individuals from these munitions. Multiple proposals in Congress aptly recognize the significant risk of blinding injury and mortality posed by all kinetic impact projectiles.
Interest and Willingness to Pay for Integrative Therapies of Patients With Cancer and Caregivers

PURPOSE:Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) services are more prevalent in cancer centers but continue to be underutilized by patients. This study examines perspectives from patients and c...
Allergic manifestations in AIDS

Hypersensitivity reactions and allergic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been observed since the beginning of the acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Drug hypersensitivity remains the most visible and frequent untoward reaction, but chronic nasal symptoms and pruritic cutaneous disorders are also commonly observed allergic manifestations of HIV infection (1–3). Furthermore, a number of immunological derangements have been identified, which suggest an association between HIV infection and atopy. In this article, we review proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis and management of the different clinical allergic disorders affecting HIV patients, and discuss controversial issues regarding immunotherapy in HIV disease.
Building successful leadership coaching relationships: Examining impact of matching criteria in a leadership coaching program

Purpose – This paper aims to employ a conceptual model to examine the relationship processes and mediating role of client‐coach relationship between client‐coach match criteria and coaching outcomes to advance the understanding of client‐coach relationship's impact on leadership coaching.Design/methodology/approach – Data collected from 74 client‐coach pairs participating in a voluntary leadership coaching program at a military service academy during pre‐partnering and post‐transition phases were analyzed to examine the impact of match criteria and client‐coach relationship processes on coaching outcomes.Findings – Consistent with the conceptual framework, relationship processes of rapport, trust, and commitment positively predicted coaching program outcomes, including client and coach reactions, behavioral change, and coaching program results. The client‐coach relationship fully mediated two match criteria (compatibility and credibility) with coaching outcomes, suggesting that complementary managerial an...
The immunogenic potential of human fetal retinal pigment epithelium and its relation to transplantation.

PURPOSE To perform a quantitative analysis of the expression of major histocompatibility molecules (MHC classes I and II) and costimulatory molecules by human fetal retinal pigment epithelial (HFRPE) cells and to evaluate their potential role in providing costimulatory signals for the activation of human T cells in vitro. METHODS Pure HFRPE cells were isolated and cultured. The ability of HFRPE cells to express MHC class I and II and costimulatory molecules before and after incubation with interferon (IFN)-gamma was quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry. The potential of HFRPE cells to activate human T cells was assessed in three different lymphocyte activation models. In the first model, anti-CD3 (OKT3)-coated beads were used to provide the T-cell receptor (TcR) signal. In the second model, the allogenic potential of HFRPE cells was assessed, and in the third assay a potent superantigen (SEA) was used to provide the TcR signal. T-cell activation was determined by cell proliferation, measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. RESULTS The cultured HFRPE cells expressed low levels of MHC class I and ICAM-1 molecules. After incubation with IFN-gamma, the expression of MHC class I and ICAM-1 molecules was further upregulated, and the expression of MHC class II and VCAM-1 molecules was induced. The expression of the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 was not observed in normal or activated HFRPE cells. In the first T-cell activation model, neither normal nor IFN-gamma-activated HFRPE cells could provide T-cell costimulation for anti-CD3 (OKT3)-coated beads. However, the autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; used here as the source of antigen-presenting cells) could provide costimulation for the T cells, inducing their proliferation. In the second T-cell activation assay, normal or IFN-gamma-activated HFRPE cells could not stimulate an alloresponse from the T cells, but they could induce a significant alloimmune T-cell response in the presence of PBMCs. In the third T-cell activation assay, the IFN-gamma-activated HFRPE cells were able to provide T-cell costimulation for the SEA-mediated activation. CONCLUSIONS In these in vitro experiments, the IFN-gamma-activated HFRPE cells stimulated only the T cells with the potent superantigen SEA. In the absence of antigen-presenting cells, the HFRPE cells did not provide T-cell costimulation in an anti-CD3 mAb-coated bead system or induce significant alloimmune response. These results suggest that in transplantation between donors and recipients with different MHC molecules, the direct MHC peptide presentation by HFRPE cells may not induce a significant allospecific immune response. Nevertheless, an allospecific immune response could occur as a consequence of the indirect presentation, to the host T cells by the host antigen-presenting cells, of the HFRPE cells' derived MHC alloantigens.
Reassessment of ice-age cooling of the tropical ocean and atmosphere

The CLIMAP1 project's reconstruction of past sea surface temperature inferred limited ice-age cooling in the tropical oceans. This conclusion has been controversial, however, because of the greater cooling indicated by other terrestrial and ocean proxy data2,3,4,5,6. A new faunal sea surface temperature reconstruction, calibrated using the variation of foraminiferal species through time, better represents ice-age faunal assemblages and so reveals greater cooling than CLIMAP in the equatorial current systems of the eastern Pacific and tropical Atlantic oceans7. Here we explore the climatic implications of this revised sea surface temperature field for the Last Glacial Maximum using an atmospheric general circulation model. Relative to model results obtained using CLIMAP sea surface temperatures, the cooler equatorial oceans modify seasonal air temperatures by 1–2 °C or more across parts of South America, Africa and southeast Asia and cause attendant changes in regional moisture patterns. In our simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum, the Amazon lowlands, for example, are cooler and drier, whereas the Andean highlands are cooler and wetter than the control simulation. Our results may help to resolve some of the apparent disagreements between oceanic and continental proxy climate data. Moreover, they suggest a wind-related mechanism for enhancing the export of water vapour from the Atlantic to the Indo–Pacific oceans, which may link variations in deep-water production and high-latitude climate changes to equatorial sea surface temperatures.
Erich L. Lehmann’s Work on Decision Theory

This chapter collects some of Erich’s work on areas that attracted his attention during the early years in his professional career. Thus, the papers discuss the concepts of completeness (minimal complete families and complete sufficient statistics), minimal sufficiency, admissibility, invariance, unbiasedness, and minimaxity.