cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation of R-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid by D-lactate dehydrogenase and Candida boidinii cells containing formate dehydrogenase coimmobilized in a fibrous bed bioreactor.

R-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid (R-HPBA) is an important intermediate in the manufacture of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. In this work, a recombinant D-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was used to transform 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid (OPBA) to R-HPBA, with concomitant oxidation of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to NAD+. The cofactor NADH was regenerated by formate dehydrogenase (FDH) present in whole cells of Candida boidinii, which were pre-treated with toluene to make them permeable. The whole cells used in the process were more stable and easier to prepare as compared with the isolated FDH from the cells. Kinetic study showed that the reaction rate was dependent on the concentration of cofactor, NAD+, and that both R-HPBA and OPBA inhibited the reaction. A novel method for co-immobilization of whole cells and LDH enzyme on cotton cloth was developed using polyethyleneimine (PEI), which induced the formation of PEI–enzyme–cell aggregates and their adsorption onto cotton cloth, leading to multilayer co-immobilization of cells and enzyme with high loading (0.5 g cell and 8 mg LDH per gram of cotton cloth) and activity yield ( > 95%). A fibrous bed bioreactor with co-immobilized cells and enzyme on the cotton cloth was then evaluated for R-HPBA production in fed-batch and repeated batch modes, which gave relatively stable reactor productivity of 9 g/L · h and product yield of 0.95 mol/mol OPBA when the concentrations of OPBA and R-HPBA were less than 10 g/L. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistics of Two-Dimensional Lattices with Four Components

We have considered a two-dimensional square net consisting of four kinds of atoms supposing that only nearest neighbors interact and that there are only two distinct potential energies of interaction, one between like and one between unlike atoms. In extension of a method due to Onsager it is found that for the case where like atoms attract one another a simple "reciprocity" relation exists between the partition functions at pairs of temperatures "reciprocally" related to one another. As one temperature $T$ tends to zero, the other ${T}^{*}$ tends to infinity. If one further assumes that only one "Curie" transition point exists, the relation between $T$ and ${T}^{*}$ enables one to locate the Curie temperature. Predictions can be made concerning the nature of the transition point with results similar to those of Kramers and Wannier. The reciprocity relation for the case of attraction between like atoms is found to be not valid for the case where unlike atoms attract one another.
Advances in Optoelectronic Methodology for MOEMS Testing

Continued demands for delivery of high performance micro-optoelectromechanical systems (MOEMS) place unprecedented requirements on methods used in their development and operation. Metrology is a major and inseparable part of these methods. Optoelectronic methodology is an essential field of metrology that facilitates development of MOEMS because of its inherent advantages over other methods currently available. Due to its scalability, optoelectronic methodology is particularly suitable for testing of MOEMS where measurements must be made with ever increasing accuracy and precision. This was particularly evident during the last few years, characterized by miniaturization of devices, when requirements for measurements have rapidly increased as the emerging technologies introduced new products, especially, optical MEMS. In this chapter, a novel optoelectronic methodology for testing of MOEMS is described and its application is illustrated with representative examples. These examples demonstrate capability to measure submicron deformations of various components of the micromirror device, under actual operating conditions, and show viability of the optoelectronic methodology for testing of MOEMS.
NONLINEAR CONTROL USING FOREBODY TANGENTIAL BLOWING

1 Abstract This paper1 presents the development and experimental demonstration of a novel nonlinear approach to developing control laws for the lateral-directional dynamics of aircraft at high angle of attack using Forebody Tangential Blowing (FTB). The vortical flow over the forebody is modified with FTB which in turn creates roll and yaw moments for control. The blowing system is driven by nonlinear control laws based on combining High-Gain Control (HGC) and Lyapunov min-max techniques. This control design technique can handle the severe nonlinearities associated with FTB, and therefore, can exploit fully the FTB capabilities. Simulation and experimental results are provided that demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Breast ultrasound in the screening and diagnosis of breast cancer.

Abstract #MS3-1 Six single center and two multicenter studies of screening breast ultrasound have shown a consistent detection yield of 3-5 per 1000 for supplemental screening breast ultrasound after mammography. The vast majority of these additional cancers seen only on ultrasound are invasive, with mean tumor size of 9-11 mm across series, and, where reported, approximately 90% are node negative. Supplemental detection is mainly seen when the breast tissue is dense. Screening ultrasound carries a substantial risk of false positives, with 9-11% of biopsies prompted by ultrasound proving malignant. In the first year of the ACRIN 6666 protocol, 1 in 40 women had an unnecessary biopsy due to mammography, compared to 1 in 10 after both mammography and ultrasound. Modeling to predict impact on mortality and cost-effectiveness of screening ultrasound is in progress, and results of incidence screens in ACRIN 6666 will be forthcoming. Ultrasound is widely used to characterize abnormalities seen on mammography and to guide biopsy, including biopsy of MRI-depicted suspicious findings. At the time of biopsy of suspicious masses, ultrasound of the ipsilateral axilla can help identify and guide FNAB of suspicious node(s) if present. In the setting of widespread malignant-appearing calcifications, ultrasound can help identify a mass which may represent an invasive component. Ultrasound has also been shown to be more accurate in identifying the source of abnormal nipple discharge than galactography. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr MS3-1.
Biology of Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) developing in tires in Louisiana.

Aedes triseriatus (Say) pupae and host-seeking females were collected over 19 wk in a tire dump located in southwestern Louisiana. Tire location influenced production of mosquitoes, sex ratio, and body size of adults. Tires located in a wooded area of the dump produced 3.6 times more adult Ae. triseriatus than did tires in the sun. However, tires in the sun produced mosquitoes with significantly longer wings than did tires in shade. Also, average wing length of females in shaded tires increased significantly later in the summer. Average wing length of host-seeking parous females was significantly greater than nulliparous host-seeking females, and average wing lengths of both host-seeking populations were significantly greater than that of emerging females. Thus, body size was related to survival and blood-feeding success in Ae. triseriatus .
Plasma-Sprayed Nanostructured Al 2 O 3 /TiO 2 Powders and Coatings

Air plasma spray has been used to produce metastable oxide-ceramic powders and coatings, starting with commercially available Al2O3/13TiO2 powder feed. The feed material undergoes rapid melting and homogenization in the high-temperature zone of the plasma jet. A metastablex-Al2O3·TiO2 phase is formed when the molten droplets are quenched on a chilled substrate. The metastable phase has a defect spinel structure and a nanocrystalline grain size. When heated, it decomposes into an equilibrium two-phase structure, consisting ofα-Al2O3 andβ-Al2O3·TiO2. Both types of ceramic materials have potential as hard, wear-resistant coatings.
Study on abrasion failure of horizontal bias coal burner

The paper analyzed the surface abrasion,materials and microcosmic abrasion appearance of straight-flow bias coal burner tip and concentrator blade for a 670t/h boiler in a power plant,the analysis and contrast tests in their abrasion mode were done based on the results motioned above.The tested results showed that the abrasion failure of burner tip shows oxidative wear while concentrator is impacting grinding wear.
Changes of Vascular Reactivity Induced by Lead

The “in vitro” activity of lead on adenosine diphosphate (ADP) breakdown and on prostacyclin (PGI2)-like activity has been investigated. The metal reduces ADP clearance and the PGI2 activity promoted by arterial tissue. This effect could be attributed to the inhibition of vessel-wall ectoenzymes, which play an important role in the vascular reactivity.
Integrated Management of Diabetic Foot in Oman

Diabetes Mellitus is a major health problem worldwide. Major socioeconomic changes in the Gulf region have increased the incidence of diabetes among its poplulations. Diabetes Mellitus is a systemic disease affecting all organs in the body. Diabetic foot diseases are the leading cause of hospitalization in patients with diabetes. People with diabetes have 25 greater risk for limb loss. Diabetic foot diseases are the commonest and serious complications among patients with diabetes, nonetheless they are potentially preventable. Risk factors for diabetic foot diseases include peripheral neuropathy, structural foot deformity, foot ulcers, infections and peripheral artery disease. A multipisceplinary team approach is needed for the better outcome for management of diabetic foot diseases.
Multi-language Speech Collection for NIST LRE

The Multi-language Speech (MLS) Corpus supports NIST’s Language Recognition Evaluation series by providing new conversational telephone speech and broadcast narrowband data in 20 languages/dialects. The corpus was built with the intention of testing system performance in the matter of distinguishing closely related or confusable linguistic varieties, and careful manual auditing of collected data was an important aspect of this work. This paper lists the specific data requirements for the collection and provides both a commentary on the rationale for those requirements as well as an outline of the various steps taken to ensure all goals were met as specified. LDC conducted a large-scale recruitment effort involving the implementation of candidate assessment and interview techniques suitable for hiring a large contingent of telecommuting workers, and this recruitment effort is discussed in detail. We also describe the telephone and broadcast collection infrastructure and protocols, and provide details of the steps taken to pre-process collected data prior to auditing. Finally, annotation training, procedures and outcomes are presented in detail.
Adult patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective review

Abstract Objective To describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of adults with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Retrospective chart review from 2001 to 2014 of adult patients with JIA and follow-up ≥2 months. Outcome measures included visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), inflammation grade, ocular findings/complications, immunosuppressive therapies, and surgeries. Results Nineteen patients were included (95% female, 84% bilateral uveitis, 47% anterior uveitis). Mean (SD) ages at presentation and JIA diagnosis were 25.6 (7.8) years and 8.9 (5.6) years, respectively. Visual acuity and IOP did not significantly change throughout the study. Mean (SD) presenting inflammation grade was significantly decreased at 6 and 12 months. Fifteen (79%) patients were on topical medications, and 17 (89%) were on systemic immunosuppression. Two (12%) patients developed side effects requiring medication cessation. Conclusion Uveitis associated with JIA may extend into adulthood despite the use of topical medications and/or systemic immunosuppression and result in significant ocular morbidity, including the need for surgical intervention.
Effect of microcrack array on stress intensity factor of main crack

An improved technique for solving crack-microcrack interaction problems is developed, based on the Green's function for a dislocation dipole placed in the vicinity of a main crack. The microcrack array is characterized by the microcrack density, orientation and length distributions. The stress field near the main crack tip is taken as a sum of a singular term of an anisotropic problem with stress intensity factor K, and a regular term. K and the regular term are determined from a system of equations obtained by self-consistency arguments. The proposed technique is illustrated by numerical solutions of several interaction problems for particular configurations of microcrack array.
The role of Lrp5 and Lrp6 in mouse mammary development and Wnt-1-induced carcinogenesis

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 1075 LRP5 and LRP6 form a distinct subfamily of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-like proteins. They are co-receptors for Wnt ligands, which are a large family of secreted glycoproteins that initiate signaling by binding to members of the Frizzled (Fz) family of seven transmembrane receptors and to either Lrp5 or Lrp6. We have used mice carrying mutations in Lrp5 and Lrp6 to gain insight into the normal roles of the two genes in mammary development and in Wnt1-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Our results show that loss of either Lrp5 or Lrp6 impairs normal mammary development. The most severe phenotype is obtained in Lrp5-/-;Lrp6+/− virgin mice, who exhibit mammary glands lacking a ductal network. Besides a delay in development, the ductal network of adult virgin Lrp5 -mutant mice display a reduction in side branching. Because Lrp6 -mutant mice die shortly after birth, we have examined mammary tissue from 19-day-old embryos. The mammary glands of Lrp6 -mutant embryos contain an epithelial sprout, but in contrast to wild type the mutants lack side branching. Interestingly, Lrp6 -mutant embryos seem to lack mammary fat pads. Female mice expressing the Wnt-1 gene under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeats reproducibly develop mammary adenocarcinomas at approximately six months of age. To investigate the requirement of Lrp5 and Lrp6 in Wnt-induced carcinogenesis we have generated MMTV-Wnt-1 transgenic female mice that are deficient for Lrp5. These homozygotes exhibit an almost complete resistance to Wnt-1-induced mammary tumors and the heterozygotes (Lrp5+/−) display a significant delay in tumorigenesis. After 300 days, less than 10% of the MMTV-Wnt-1;Lrp5 -mutant and more than 90% of the MMTV-Wnt-1;Lrp5 wild type mice had developed mammary tumors. The tumors that arise in a Lrp5 -deficient background are more heterogeneous than normal Wnt-1 tumors, and frequently display a papillary growth pattern. Current work is aimed at characterizing the differences in the tumors at the cellular and molecular level.
A Case of Opioid Overdose? Or Is It?

A 28-year-old man was found unresponsive at home by a roommate. When emergency medical services (EMS) arrived, he was found to have miosis and was cyanotic with respiratory depression. He was unresponsive to intranasal naloxone (2 mg) that was administered via mucosal atomizer twice. On admission to the emergency department, the patient had a systolic blood pressure of 95 mmHg, a diastolic blood pressure of 70, oxygen saturation was 84% on 100% nonrebreather mask, and respiration rate was 10 breaths/min. Physical examination showed pinpoint pupils. Per the roommate, this patient had been in a car accident a year prior and had been prescribed hydrocodone. After becoming addicted to hydrocodone, he was known to buy street drugs. His roommate explained that the previous night, he bought Norco® (hydrocodone and acetaminophen) from a drug dealer. A urine drugs of abuse screening panel was ordered, which included amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine metabolite (benzoylecgonine), opiates, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and was negative. The serum acetaminophen concentration obtained upon admission was <10 ug/mL. Because the patient's history and physical were consistent with an opioid toxidrome, the clinician gave intravenous naloxone (0.4 mg) and the patient woke up. The clinician called the laboratory for a toxicology consultation. He asked if there were any send-out tests that would detect …
Formulation of a Chemical Transport Model

Atmospheric models are mathematical formulations of the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. In such a model, the behavior of the atmosphere is represented by a set of equations that can be solved with suitable numerical techniques. The numerical methods used in a model must be selected carefully. With the proper choice of initial and boundary conditions, models can help in understnading the behavior of the atmosphere. Models can be used to predict the future state of the atmosphere as well as to estimate the consequences of natural or anthropogenic perturbations. In addtion, models can be used for the planning and interpretation of atmospheric observations. A chemical transport model (CTM) is a particular type of atmospheric model in which there is a strong emphasis on chemistry.
Stability of commercial phytase sources under different environmental conditions

Citation: De Jong, J. A., DeRouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., Woodworth, J. C., . . . Stark, C. R. (2016). Stability of commercial phytase sources under different environmental conditions. Journal of Animal Science, 94(10), 4259-4266. doi:10.2527/jas2016-0742
Case 6: Abdominal Distention and Constipation in a 70-day-old Female Infant

1. Jeffrey Lancaster, MD* 2. Jessica Lear, MD* 3. Richard Brant, MD* 4. Brian Riedel, MD* 5. Joseph Minardi, MD† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 2. †Departments of Emergency Medicine and Medical Education, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV A 70-day-old female infant presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 1-month history of abdominal distention and constipation. The patient was born at term via vaginal delivery. She is formula fed with a cow milk protein formula and routinely consumes 4 oz every 4 hours. She passed meconium within 24 hours after birth. However, since that time she has not stooled regularly, and her parents have administered daily diluted fruit juices and enemas every other day to promote defecation. Despite these interventions, her abdomen has become more distended, and the parents report that her constipation continues. In the ED her vital signs are temperature 98.6°F (37.0°C), blood pressure 111/62 mm Hg, pulse 137 beats/min, respiratory rate 22 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation 100% on room air. Her examination shows a well-appearing baby in no apparent distress. Her cardiopulmonary examination findings are normal. Extremity examination shows capillary refill within 2 seconds, and there is no appreciable edema. Peripheral pulses are strong. The patient’s abdomen is distended but nontender and without any cutaneous findings suggesting portal hypertension. Bedside abdominal ultrasonography performed by the ED physician demonstrates ascites without any organomegaly (Fig 1). She is admitted to the pediatric service at that time. Figure 1. Ascites is seen in the pelvis surrounding multiple intestinal loops. Results of laboratory studies are largely normal (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, albumin, electrolyte panel, and lipase) except for peripheral eosinophilia noted on the complete blood cell count (white blood cell count, 10,500/μL [10.5 × 109/L]; eosinophils, 15%; absolute eosinophil count, 1.5 × 109/L). The total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is normal at …
Effects of warm water washing on the fast pyrolysis of Arundo Donax

Abstract This work reports how warm water washing of biomass affects fast pyrolysis. Specifically, we applied this concept to Arundo donax, a common herbaceous biomass, and studied the washing effects on fast pyrolysis yields in a Py-GC/MS and a fluidized bed reactor. We stir-washed samples in water at 20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C, and found that water at 60 °C led to an 18% increase in the removal of ash and an 11% increase in the removal of potassium compared to a room temperature wash. We pyrolyzed these samples via Py-GC/MS-FID and found that the reduction in ash increased the pyrolysis yields of acetol, furanone and levoglucosan relative to the unwashed samples. Additionally, we pyrolyzed washed A. donax in a fluidized bed reactor and compared the results to those of unwashed A. donax. We found that A. donax washed at 60 °C produced 9.7 wt% more bio-oil than unwashed, with increases in glycolaldehyde and levoglucosan yields of 0.78 wt% and 1.24 wt%, respectively. The yield of olefinic gases increased by 0.22 wt% and yields of carbon dioxide and alkane gases decreased 2.40 wt% and 0.11 wt% respectively. Char and water yields decreased 4.32 wt% and 10.08 wt% respectively. The gas produced from pyrolysis of washed A. donax has a greater HHV than that from unwashed A. donax (7.77 MJ/kg vs. 6.81 MJ/kg). We believe these results are a consequence of differences in the extent of secondary reactions catalyzed by the inorganic species present in herbaceous biomass.
Stereoretentive Reactions at the Anomeric Position: Synthesis of Selenoglycosides

Reported is the stereospecific cross-coupling of anomeric stannanes with symmetrical diselenides, resulting in the synthesis of selenoglycosides with exclusive anomeric control. The reaction proceeds without the need for directing groups and is compatible with free hydroxy groups as demonstrated in the preparation of glycoconjugates derived from mono-, di-, and trisaccharides and peptides (35 examples). Given its generality and broad substrate scope, the glycosyl cross-coupling method presented herein can find use in the synthesis of selenium-containing glycomimetics and glycoconjugates.
Pinnipeds and PTSD: An Analysis of a Human-Animal Interaction Case Study Program for a Veteran.

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a pinniped (grey and harbor seals) facilitated human-animal interaction pilot program on the self-reported PTSD-like symptoms of a veteran. This study analyzed preexisting, deidentified data that represented the participant’s scores on the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5). The PCL-5 was completed as part of a pilot program operated in partnership between the Veteran and Military Affiliated Research Center (VMARC) and a local aquarium. Scores on the PCL-5 were collected prior to (T1), midway (T2), and immediately after (T3) completion of the Project Seal to Heal program. Changes in the scores of each item were reported for the participant, for aggregated items that represented different clusters of PTSD symptoms, and for overall scores. Results revealed decreased scores in 11 of the 20 PTSD symptom-related items, improvement in the sum scores for each criteria symptom cluster, and a 15-point decrease in the overall PCL-5 score, indicating clinical significance. These results serve as a call to motivate future research investigating pinniped interactions with veterans who have PTSD in order to determine therapeutic clinical application and outcomes.
Transcultural Modifications of a Japanese Language Group Prenatal Care Program for Transcultural Adaptation.

Introduction: The CenteringPregnancy model has been demonstrated to improve birth outcomes for certain cultural and ethnic groups, but the literature lacks examples on how to modify their guideline...
Propagator Theory of Atomic and Molecular Structure

When I accepted the invitation to speak at this conference, the organizers suggested that the title of my presentation should read “Methods Without Wavefunctions.” Since I will present only some aspects of this subject employing the ideas of propagator theory, it might be appropriate to start this introduction with a few brief remarks on the general topic of methods without wavefunctions before concentrating on the central theme as given in the title of this paper.
Axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann simulation of droplet impact on solid surfaces

Droplet-solid interaction is a ubiquitous fluid phenomenon that underpins a wide range of applications. To further the understanding of this important problem, we use an axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to model the droplet impact on a solid surface with different wettability. The method applies a popular free-energy LBM developed by Lee and Liu [T. Lee and L. Liu, J. Comput. Phys. 229, 8045 (2010)10.1016/j.jcp.2010.07.007] to simulate incompressible binary fluids with physical density and viscosity contrasts. The formulation is recast in cylindrical coordinates for modeling the normal impact of a three-dimensional (3D) droplet in the no-splashing regime, in which an axisymmetric flow is considered. The droplet deposits on or rebounds from the surface, governed by three key parameters: Weber number, Ohnesorge number, and equilibrium contact angle, which quantifies the surface wettability. We elucidate the distinct impact dynamics by probing droplet morphology and contact line behavior in great detail, which are quantitatively characterized by spreading factor, droplet aspect ratio, and dynamic contact angle. The simulations also resolve fluid velocity field inside and outside the droplet, which provides additional insight into the morphological evolution and mass-momentum transfer during impact. Explicit comparison between axisymmetric and conventional 2D LBM highlights the importance of axisymmetric terms in governing equations for reproducing physical impact behavior. The axisymmetric LBM significantly reduces computational cost as compared with 3D LBMs and offers an effective means to study droplet impact in applicable conditions.
Neurotrophic Factors in the Rat Penis

AbstractAn intact nerve supply is essential for normal erectile function. We have undertaken a study to examine the presence and synthesis of growth factors of the penis that support neural function. Extracts were obtained from deskinned penises of Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3, 6 and 10 weeks, representing prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal states. Penile extracts were subjected to Northern blot analysis to evaluate expression of nerve growth factor-β (β-NGF)-mRNA, PC-12 bioassay to quantitate the nerve growth promoting activity and immunoassay to detect the amount of β-NGF protein. These initial experiments showed a disproportionately abundant level of nerve growth promoting activity as compared with the levels detected with the immunoassay. The PC-12 bioassay is sensitive to both β-NGF and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). To further investigate these findings, the bioassay was conducted again after heparin chromatography, with β-NGF receptor blockade, or with the addition of anti-β-NGF, anti-basic-F...
Current trends in antifertility vaccine research.

We review the major advances that have recently occurred in the area of antifertility vaccines by examining the immunogenic potential of gamete, embryonic and placental antigens. In human trials using β-human chorionic gonadotropin coupled with tetanus toxoid as the immunogen, the major problems with antifertility vaccines relate to specificity and maintaining an adequate antibody titer to disrupt gestation. Possible complications include cross-reaction with other body tissues, immune complex deposition, cytotoxicity, impaired immunologic tumor surveillance and nonreversibility.
How One Comes to Know: Models and Theories of the Learning of Mathematics

This cartoon humorously reflects the following facts: (1) Schools have been created by social groups to prepare their young for membership in society; (2) to this end, every society has determined what knowledge it expects its young to acquire (e.g., wanting Stripe to whistle); and (3) each society has made provisions for how students are to acquire that knowledge (i.e., by the curriculum advocated, teaching standards, etc.). Unfortunately, establishing such goals and procedures is no guarantee that learning will occur. Assessment of student performance (e.g., finding out whether Stripe can whistle) is the only way one can determine whether students have acquired the intended knowledge. Given this perspective, there are two fundamental epistemological questions that must be asked and answered.
Plasmons in Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes posses a very rich spectrum of plasmon modes. For single wall, metallic carbon nanotubes, in addition to the high frequency plasma modes in the UV range, and the depolarization shifted van Hove plasma resonances, there are also low frequency, quasi-ID plasmons in the far-infrared frequency range, which interact with phonons. We study these plasmon modes in a unified random phase approximation approach, including effects of phonon coupling. We discuss our calculations in the context of recent experiments.
FLESHING OUT THE PROVISIONS FOR PROTECTING FOREIGN INVESTMENT

This article aims to analyse the jurisprudence developed by international courts and tribunals with regard to the standard of treatment of foreign investors, with particular focus on issues concerning expropriation. In doing so, it will analyse some of the standard-setting decisions and far-reaching implications of: the Iran-US Claims Tribunals, the International Court of Justice and the ICSID. It will also examine the recent trend in jurisprudence on the so-called regulatory takings of foreign investment. It will explore: (a) how the decisions of international courts and tribunals have ‘fleshed out’ the principles of the law of foreign investment on, inter alia, the definition of expropriation and nationalisation and determination of the quantum of compensation; (b) how the frontiers of expropriation have been extended to cover regulatory takings
Keith Hennessy’s Sol Niger and Turbulence

This chapter focuses on the rhetorical term ‘(rest’ and the figure of hendiadys that brings together apparently unrelated materials or processes. Keith Hennessy is a Canadian performer, now living in San Francisco, who builds performances from dance, movement, light, sound, words, song, bodies and flesh. A close study of two of his pieces, Sol Niger and Turbulence, explores the strategies for collaboration he generates for bringing moments of (rest from rehearsal into performance. A performer as used to international venues as local, Hennessy works resolutely in the alongside, exploring queer as an alterior way of working. Making performance in the alongside implies working on what is not-known to discursively cultural understandings of performance, which is especially difficult on the festival circuit. The study explores the generating of sociosituated performativity with highly diverse and disunified audiences.
Bathing suit ichthyosis: Two Burmese siblings and a review of the literature

Bathing suit ichthyosis (BSI) is a subtype of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) characterized by the development of large platelike scales mainly limited to the trunk. It is caused by temperature sensitive variants in transglutaminase 1, encoded by the gene TGM1. We describe a rare case of intrafamilial variation in phenotypic expressivity in two Burmese siblings with BSI that demonstrates the heterogeneity of the disorder within the same family and even in the same individual across time. We also present a concise review of the genotypic spectrum of BSI from 54 cases reported in the literature as evidence that both environmental and additional genetic factors can significantly alter the clinical phenotype.
The place of the human subject in the operant laboratory

Although laboratory study of human behavior seems an obvious vehicle for strengthening the scientific base of behavior analysis, the place of the human subject within the operant laboratory remains problematic. The prevailing research strategy has been to link principles developed with animals to human affairs, either through interpretation of naturally occurring human behaviors or through application of the principles to the solution of human problems. The paucity of laboratory research on human operant behavior derives from several misconceptions: the possibility that experimental demand characteristics and pre-experimental behavioral dispositions of human subjects contaminate the results; that ethical considerations place undue constraint on research topics and experimental designs; and that uncontrollable variation in subjects' histories and other relevant personal characteristics prevents observation of reliable functional relations. We argue that these problems do not pose insurmountable obstacles to the experimental analysis of human behavior; that adequate methods of control and analysis are available; and that operant techniques, by emphasizing experimentally imposed contingencies, are well suited for the laboratory study of human behavior.
Stability and Gait Switching of Underactuated Biped Walkers

This paper introduces a new gait switching approach for underactuated biped walkers. The switching condition relies on a reduced region of attraction — that of the unactuated dynamics — which is shown to be sufficient to predict falls. A gait transition is accordingly stable (as in “the robot does not fall if the biped’s state is within the reduced region of attraction of the switched-in gait when switching takes place. Two- and five-link biped models complete a sequence of random gait transitions using the switching logic. The condition is also used to enlarge the full region of stability of the five-link model by embedding feedback-stabilized trajectories from a gait library in a mapping. The mapping stitches stable trajectories to the orbit of the desired gait based on each gait’s reduced region of attraction. This improves the robustness of the five-link model walking on uneven terrain without ground perception regardless of the size of the gait library.
The Legal Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone

This important book considers whether the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL), which was established jointly through an unprecedented bilateral treaty between the United Nations (UN) and Sierra Leone in 2002, has made jurisprudential contributions to the development of the nascent and still unsettled field of international criminal law. A leading authority on the application of international criminal justice in Africa, Charles Jalloh argues that the SCSL, as an innovative hybrid international penal tribunal, made useful jurisprudential additions on key legal questions concerning greatest responsibility jurisdiction, the war crime of child recruitment, forced marriage as a crime against humanity, amnesty, immunity and the relationship between truth commissions and criminal courts. He demonstrates that some of the SCSL case law broke new ground, and in so doing, bequeathed a 'legal legacy' that remains vital to the ongoing global fight against impunity for atrocity crimes and to the continued development of modern international criminal law.
Philosophical-Literary Essays

This chapter draws attention to the limitations surrounding the logic of apprehending reality through fixed categories. Mella examines the implications of creating boundaries in abstract thought as well as in the physical world. He questions the usual logic of distinction between optimism and pessimism as well as between happiness and sadness.
Mapping language function with task-based vs. resting-state functional MRI

Author(s): Park, Ki Yun; Lee, John J; Dierker, Donna; Marple, Laura M; Hacker, Carl D; Roland, Jarod L; Marcus, Daniel S; Milchenko, Mikhail; Miller-Thomas, Michelle M; Benzinger, Tammie L; Shimony, Joshua S; Snyder, Abraham Z; Leuthardt, Eric C | Abstract: BackgroundUse of functional MRI (fMRI) in pre-surgical planning is a non-invasive method for pre-operative functional mapping for patients with brain tumors, especially tumors located near eloquent cortex. Currently, this practice predominantly involves task-based fMRI (T-fMRI). Resting state fMRI (RS-fMRI) offers an alternative with several methodological advantages. Here, we compare group-level analyses of RS-fMRI vs. T-fMRI as methods for language localization.PurposeTo contrast RS-fMRI vs. T-fMRI as techniques for localization of language function.MethodsWe analyzed data obtained in 35 patients who had both T-fMRI and RS-fMRI scans during the course of pre-surgical evaluation. The RS-fMRI data were analyzed using a previously trained resting-state network classifier. The T-fMRI data were analyzed using conventional techniques. Group-level results obtained by both methods were evaluated in terms of two outcome measures: (1) inter-subject variability of response magnitude and (2) sensitivity/specificity analysis of response topography, taking as ground truth previously reported maps of the language system based on intraoperative cortical mapping as well as meta-analytic maps of language task fMRI responses.ResultsBoth fMRI methods localized major components of the language system (areas of Broca and Wernicke) although not with equal inter-subject consistency. Word-stem completion T-fMRI strongly activated Broca's area but also several task-general areas not specific to language. RS-fMRI provided a more specific representation of the language system.ConclusionWe demonstrate several advantages of classifier-based mapping of language representation in the brain. Language T-fMRI activated task-general (i.e., not language-specific) functional systems in addition to areas of Broca and Wernicke. In contrast, classifier-based analysis of RS-fMRI data generated maps confined to language-specific regions of the brain.
A New Frequency Hopping Scheme to Secure the Physical Layer in The Internet of Things (IoT)

In this paper, the conventional frequency hopped spread spectrum (FHSS), uncoordinated frequency hopping (UFH), and the message-driven frequency hopping (MDFH) have been simulated and analyzed for bit error rates against single and multiband disguised jamming attacks. The results confirm the superiority of the MDFH over the FHSS. The MDFH also relaxes the two communicating legitimate node’s need for frequency synchronization which increases system complexity. However, those schemes are not feasible for the Internet of Things applications due to the lack of computation capability, size, and energy consumption. Because of that we designed and simulated a new frequency hopping scheme which takes into consideration the IoT node’s limitations and at the same time maintains a satisfying bit error rate. The new scheme idea is to build a look-up table of orthogonal frequencies in the transmitter and the receiver. Before any transmission, the transmitter uses the UFH scheme to send a lightweight encrypted key to the receiver; the receiver then uses that key to determine the frequency sequence. After successfully receiving the key the receiver should send back acknowledgment; otherwise, the transmitter must send the key again. There are three benefits of the new scheme. First, it is hard on the jammer and/or the eavesdropper to destroy and/or percept the sequence key due to the encryption and the frequency hopping mechanisms. Second, it is robust against the disguised jamming, which considered the worst. Third, it is very simple and affordable. The three schemes have been simulated and the results show that the proposed scheme has provided a bit error rate close to the MDFH. However, the MDFH fails easily in detecting the strongest signal to predict the legitimate transmitted carrier if the jammer attacks all the filter banks on the receiver side at the same time with a disguised jamming signal. We address this problem in our proposed scheme by waiving the use of the filters.
Fair-value pension accounting

Abstract We compare the value and credit relevance of financial statements under fair-value and smoothing (SFAS-87) models of pension accounting. While fair-value improves the credit relevance of the balance sheet, it does not improve its value relevance. Further, fair-value impairs both the value and credit relevance of the income statement and the combined financial statements unless transitory gains and losses (G&L) are separated from more persistent income components. Overall, our results suggest there are no informational benefits to adopting a fair-value pension accounting model.
Assessing the Impacts of Weather on Pedestrian Signal Activity at 49 Signalized Intersections in Northern Utah

A deeper understanding of how weather variables affect pedestrian volumes is important, as active travelers are an essential part of a sustainable transportation system. Pedestrian data are limited...
The World Management Survey at 18: lessons and the way forward

Understanding how differences in management "best practices" affect organizational outcomes has been a focus of both theoretical and empirical work in the fields of management, sociology, economics and public policy. The World Management Survey (WMS) project was born almost two decades ago with the main goal of developing a new systematic measure of management practices being used in organisations. The WMS has contributed to a body of knowledge around how managerial structures, not just managerial talent, relates to organizational performance. Over 18 years of research, a set of consistent patterns have emerged and spurred new questions. We will present a brief overview of what we have learned in terms of measuring and understanding management practices and condense the implications of these findings for policy. We end with an outline of what we see as the path forward for both research and policy implications of this research programme.
Abstract 793: Potential impact of time trend of lifestyle factors on burden of gastrointestinal cancer in China

BACKGROUND: Colorectal, esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers are four major gastrointestinal (GI) cancers that have 2-3 times the age-standardized incidence rates in China compared to the global average. Examining the time trend of risk factors associated with GI cancer would help us project the future trend of GI cancer incidence in China and guide public health policymaking. METHODS: We estimated the time trend of relevant dietary and lifestyle factors in China based on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991-2011. We applied the comparative risk assessment method to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF%) and the absolute number of GI cancer events attributable to all non-optimal levels of each risk factor. We have also projected the lifestyle factors and the estimated burden of GI cancer in the next 30 years. RESULTS: In 2011, the overall estimated PAF% by all risk factors under study is 73% for esophageal cancer, 59% for colorectal cancer, 47% for gastric cancer, and 35% for liver cancer. Smoking, low fruit intake, high red meat consumption, high body mass index (BMI), and high alcohol consumption were the top 5 contributors to GI cancer incidence in China; each accounted for 173, 134, 132, 125, and 91 thousand GI cancer cases, respectively. For specific cancer sites, high red meat consumption accounted for the most cases of colorectal cancer in 2011 (N = 51,405; PAF% = 19%) and is projected to have higher PAF% from 15% in 1997 to 23% in 2041. High BMI is responsible for the most liver cancer cases in 2011 (N = 55,244; PAF% = 17%) and has an increasing trend in expected PAF% from 7% in 1991 to 20% in 2041; low fruit intake is the top contributor for esophageal cancer in 2011 (N = 85,345; PAR% = 29%) with a downward trend in the next few decades (PAF% from 33% in 1997 to 23% in 2041); high sodium intake represented the highest PAF% for gastric cancer in 2011 (68,858 cases, PAF% = 17%), but is expected to be overpassed by smoking, high BMI, and red meat consumption in 2015-2025. CONCLUSIONS: China has witnessed significant transitions in lifestyle, including diet, physical activity, and obesity. The impact of the lifestyle risk factors on the risk of GI cancer has been increasing from 1991 to 2011 and is projected to continue growing. High red meat consumption and high BMI call for extra attention as they are among the top contributors to GI cancer and are expected to have stronger impacts in the next 30 years in China. Citation Format: You Wu, Yanping Li, Edward Giovannucci, Frank B. Hu. Potential impact of time trend of lifestyle factors on burden of gastrointestinal cancer in China [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 793.
Virus adhesion to archetypal fomites: A study with human adenovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus

Abstract Adhesion of two viruses – one enveloped (human respiratory syncytial virus, HRSV) and one non-enveloped (human adenovirus 5, HAdV5) – to four fomites (silica, nylon, stainless steel, polypropylene) was quantified and interpreted based on physicochemical properties of viruses and fomites. The selected fomites are tentatively identified as “archetypes” representing groups of materials distinctly different in mechanisms of their interfacial interactions. The surfaces are typified on the basis of their surface energy components including the dispersive (Lifshitz-van der Waals) component and two polar (electron donor and electron acceptor) components. Virus-fomite interactions are predicted using the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory and are experimentally assessed in tests with quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Polar interactions (manifested as hydrophobic attraction for all virus-fomite pairs but HAdV5/silica) governed virus attachment to fomites from a solution of high ionic strength typical for a respiratory fluid, while dispersive interactions played a relatively minor role. For both HAdV5 and HRSV, the areal mass density of deposited viruses correlated with the free energy of virus-fomite interfacial interaction in water, Δ G vwf . The dependence of virus-fomite attachment probability on Δ G vwf collapsed into one trend for both HAdV5 and HRSV pointing to the possibility of using Δ G vwf as a predictor of virus adhesion. Fomite rinsing with DI water resulted in a partial virus removal attributable to longer range repulsive electrostatic interactions. The proposed methodology can guide screening and selection of materials that discourage virus adhesion. The information on the efficiency of virus attachment to materials as a function of their surface energy components can help design anti-adhesive surfaces, develop surface cleaning solutions and protocols, and inform transport and fate models for viruses in indoor environments.