cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary survey on 343 case Pregnant women

Objective to understand the eating habits and been pregnant women in Baotou nutriment absorb condition, for targeted guidance diets of pregnant women and further research nutrition and health problems pregnant women provide the scientific basis. Methods the semi-quantitative food frequency method to investigate subject dietary situation full investigation. Results 343 subjects with a meal of potato food is given priority to, vegetables, and dairy and fish, poultry, eggs, meat inadequate intake; Pregnant women total energy intake of dietary recommended standard (RNI), 111% of the three big heat produced in the heat supply nutrients basic appropriate proportion, which protein intake to 113% of the RNI, calcium, iron, and zinc intake lack, in vitamin intake, vitamin B 2 inadequate intake, vitamin A, B 1 , C intake reached 80% of RNI; Pregnant women in pregnancy calcium supplement preparation and the proportion of folic acid to 55.3% and 65.2%, respectively. But for zinc, iron supplement with less number of preparation. Conclusion pregnant women in Baotou dietary intake of nutrients is not balanced, widespread lack of nutrients phenomenon, should strengthen the targeted nutrition guidance, especially should be appropriately reduced animal food intake.
Conclusions and implications for indigenous and minority languages

In this book, I have focused on one community of practice—an Andean folkloric music group that I call the Runa Takiks—and their family members in order to shed some light on transcultural practices of ethnicity, gender, and language at home and abroad. Departing from the many studies that have examined indigenous and minority language issues such as language policy, globalization, and language maintenance at a macro level, I have opted for a microanalytic perspective to focus on how certain policies, histories, and beliefs informed my participants’ practices on a daily basis. The findings from these chapters have shown that these individuals negotiated their transcultural and translingual selves in different ways and according to the different contexts shaping their lives at any given moment. At the same time, I noted that many of the Runa Takiks’ own beliefs regarding the Quichua language and culture both expressed a strong sense of selfhood and reflected essentialist narratives of legitimacy and inevitable loss, even in the face of evidence to the contrary.
Physical Interpretation of Cyclic Voltammetry for Hybrid Pseudocapacitors

This study aims to elucidate the respective contributions of faradaic reactions and electric double layer formation to charge storage in hybrid pseudocapacitors. It also aims to provide physical interpretation of experimental cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. First, a physicochemical transport model was derived from first-principles for simulating coupled interfacial, transport, and electrochemical phenomena in hybrid pseudocapacitors. The model simultaneously accounted for (i) charge transport in both electrodes and electrolyte, (ii) the dynamics of the electric double layer, (iii) steric repulsion due to finite ion sizes, (iv) redox reactions, and (v) intercalation. Then, CV curves were simulated for different electrode thicknesses and Li diffusion coefficients in the planar pseudocapacitive electrode. Particular attention was paid to the so-called b-value characterizing the power law evolution of the total current with respect to scan rate for a given potential. Overall, trends observed in numerica...
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 27-2016.

A 71-year-old woman with mullerian carcinoma was admitted to the hospital because of fever, fatigue, and myalgias 3.5 weeks after extensive cytoreductive surgery. Anorexia, abdominal pain, and bloating had developed 1 day earlier. Diagnostic studies were performed.
Injunctive Relief in U.S. Patent Cases

The law of injunctive relief in United States patent cases presents a puzzling set of contrasts. On one hand, it is grounded in venerable common law principles of equity that have been applied by the courts for centuries. On the other hand, it reflects the unique complexities of massively multicomponent products and advanced technology standards. This chapter provides an overview of the U.S. law of patent injunctions, both generally and specifically as applied to standards-essential patents. It also addresses, briefly, considerations surrounding the issuance of exclusion orders by the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), a non-judicial federal agency that has recently become an important venue for patent litigation.
Low-cost rapid prototyping of liquid crystal polymer based magnetic microactuators for glaucoma drainage devices

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Although there is no cure for glaucoma, pharmaceutical or surgical interventions are known to delay the progression of this debilitating disease. In recent years, implantation of glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) have increased due to their ability to manage IOP better than other therapeutic approaches. However, only 50% of the implanted devices remain functional after 5 years often due to biofouling. Here, we report our latest progress towards developing self-clearing GDDs using integrated magnetic microactuators. Our hypothesis is that these magnetic microdevices can provide local mechanical perturbations to prophylactically remove biological accumulation. To reduce the cost and increase the throughput of fabrication, we utilize a maskless photolithography setup and commercially available liquid crystal polymer foils to create prototype devices. The mechanical response of the devices is reported and compared with the theoretical values.
On jamming models against collaborative spectrum sensing in a simple cognitive radio network

We design the optimal jamming attack strategy for a cognitive radio network in the presence of path-loss decaying signal models. We consider a cognitive radio network with K participating cognitive radios and one fusion center in the presence of one primary user and one jammer in the operating region. We assume that the network is not aware of the presence of the jammer and hence employs the optimal decision rules designed for a benign environment. Jammer, on the other hand, tries to take advantage of this ignorance and carries the best possible attack so that it can maximally deteriorate the global performance (error-probability) of the network under a total power-constraint. We consider a two-fold attack - one on the CR (sensor) reception and other on the fusion center reception. We present numerical results depicting near-field and far-field effects over different path-loss exponents to find the optimal jamming attack for a relatively simple example where the network has only one sensor (K = 1). This example serves as an illustration of the basic concepts and will be followed by a more in-depth study.
Structural characteristics of sorghum kernel: Effects of temperature

In this study, the effect of cold water, hot water, and steam tempering on sorghum kernel physical and mechanical properties was studied. Single kernel characteristics (SKCS), abrasive hardness, structural changes, and texture of kernels were evaluated as an effect of temperature. At the same moisture level, cold water tempered sorghum had both higher SKCS hardness and abrasive hardness than hot water and steam tempered sorghum kernels. The increase in abrasive hardness, SKCS-hardness index was highly correlated with the moisture content of kernel. The abrasive hardness index, which represents the pericarp properties, did not show any correlation with moisture content but had correlation to the structural changes. The SEM images indicated the structural changes in pericarp after hot water and steam treatment. Steam tempering methods made the pericarp tougher than the cold water and hot water tempering methods and, meanwhile, softened the endosperm by adding moisture to the kernel.
Weight stigma facilitates unhealthy eating and weight gain via fear of fat.

Objective Across two studies, we examine if the relationships between perceived weight stigma, maladaptive eating behaviors (Study 1 & 2) and weight gain (Study 2) are mediated by fear of fat (FOF). Method In Study 1, 189 participants completed measures of eating behavior (e.g., emotional and restrained eating), FOF, perceived weight stigma and height and weight. In Study 2, a longitudinal design, participants reported their perceived weight stigma, FOF and had their height and weight measured; they then returned 10 weeks later to complete measures of eating behaviors (e.g., flexible restraint, ridged restraint, and emotional eating) and height and weight. We examined the predictive value of weight stigma at session 1 on eating behavior and weight gain at session 2. Further, we examined FOF as a mediator of these relationships. Results In Study 1, we found that FOF significantly mediated the positive relationship between perceived weight stigma and restrained eating behavior (b=.13, CI: .09 to .19). In Study 2, we found that perceived weight stigma predicted weight gain over the 10-week period and that this relationship was mediated by both FOF (b=.31, CI: .03 to .78) and rigid restraint of eating (b=.07, CI: .002 to .28). Flexible restraint and emotional eating behavior were not mediators of the relationship between perceived weight stigma and weight gain. Conclusion Fear of fat may be one process through which perceptions of weight stigma lead to maladaptive eating behavior and weight gain. Understanding this important process may lead to more effective healthy weight interventions.
Characterizing Intracellular Ice Formation of Lymphoblasts Using Low-Temperature Raman Spectroscopy

Raman microspectroscopy was used to quantify freezing response of cells to various cooling rates and solution compositions. The distribution pattern of cytochrome c in individual cells was used as a measure of cell viability in the frozen state and this metric agreed well with the population-averaged viability and trypan blue staining experiments. Raman imaging of cells demonstrated that intracellular ice formation (IIF) was common and did not necessarily result in cell death. The amount of intracellular ice as well as ice crystal size played a role in determining whether or not ice inside the cell was a lethal event. Intracellular ice crystals were colocated to the sections of cell membrane in close proximity to extracellular ice. Increasing the distance between extracellular ice and cell membrane decreased the incidence of IIF. Reducing the effective stiffness of the cell membrane by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton using cytochalasin D increased the amount of IIF. Strong intracellular osmotic gradients were observed when IIF was present. These observations support the hypothesis that interactions between the cell membrane and extracellular ice result in IIF. Raman spectromicroscopy provides a powerful tool for observing IIF and understanding its role in cell death during freezing, and enables the development, to our knowledge, of new and improved cell preservation protocols.
Diet and Sleep Physiology: Public Health and Clinical Implications.

This mini review examines the complex relationship between diet and sleep, and explores the clinical and public health implications of the current evidence. Dietary quality and intake of specific nutrients can impact regulatory hormonal pathways to alter sleep quantity and quality. Sleep, in turn, affects the intake of total energy, as well as of specific foods and nutrients, through biological and behavioral mechanisms. Initial research in this field focused primarily on the effects of short sleep duration on nutritional quality. However, more recent studies have explored the dynamic relationship between long sleep duration and diet. Current evidence suggests that extremes of sleep duration alter sleep patterns, hormonal levels, and circadian rhythms, which contribute to weight-related outcomes and obesity, and other risk factors for the development of chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. These patterns may begin as early as childhood and have impacts throughout the life-course. Given that non-communicable diseases are among the leading causes of death globally, deeper understanding of the interactions between sleep and nutrition has implications for both public health and clinical practice.
Down Syndrome-Associated Hematologic Disorders and Leukemia

Trisomy 21 or Down syndrome is the most common major chromosomal abnormality to occur in live-born infants with an approximate incidence of 1 in 800 live births (Lee et al. Leukemia 30(9):18-16-23, 2016). Infants and children with Down syndrome are at increased risk of developing acute leukemia in comparison to the general population, in contrast to the apparent decreased incidence of solid tumors. Three main categories of hematologic disorders have been found to be associated with constitutional trisomy 21. These include (1) transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), (2) myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome (DS-ML), and (3) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The molecular pathogenesis for the majority of Down syndrome-associated hematologic disorders has been directly linked to abnormal genetic and epigenetic factors derived from the extra copy of chromosome 21, the details of which are reviewed in this chapter and discussed in respective orders.
Lessons learned as a student of craniofacial biology: What this might mean for orthodontic professional education and clinical practice in the 21st century

Abstract The National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR) supported the international symposium “Congenital Anomalies of the Face and Associated Structures” led by Professor Sam Pruzansky and members of the first Dental Study Section in 1959. The plan was unique in that it examined the human face as a biological continuum, from conception through postnatal growth and development, to maturity in terms of functions, structures, and behavior. The symposium forged foundations for what we now term “craniofacial biology.” In tandem, the first grant by NIDR was funded in 1957 to Dr. Herbert K. Cooper, orthodontist, for his landmark animal and human studies of cleft lip and cleft palate. What followed were decades of multidisciplinary studies in embryology, anatomy, and physiology coupled with diagnostics, therapeutics, biomaterials, imaging, speech pathology, and studies of human behaviors to promote health and health literacy. In 1998, as Director of the NIDR, I championed a name change for the Institute to become the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NID C R) to better reflect our scientific portfolio. Today I ask how craniofacial biology evolved from teratology to neural crest cell mapping, to experimental embryology, to correlating single gene mutations to phenotype(s), and knowledge of gene functions. Now in the 21st century, craniofacial biology contributes to genomics and epigenetics in animal models and human soft and hard tissue diseases and disorders. For the near future, biomedical scientists and clinical scholars seek to understand how human and microbial genomics impact diseases, how to use gene editing to treat diseases, how to employ precision dentistry and medicine, and how to advance major revisions in professional health education and interprofessional clinical practice. As in the past, orthodontists and many other disciplines will continue to play key roles involving critical thinking and sound clinical acumen to improve the quality and precision of craniofacial–oral–dental healthcare.
A Translation of the Malia Altar Stone

This paper presents a translation of the Malia Altar Stone inscription (CHIC 328), which is one of the longest known Cretan Hieroglyph inscriptions. The translation uses a synoptic transliteration to several scripts that are related to the Malia Altar Stone script. The synoptic transliteration strengthens the derived phonetic values and allows avoiding certain errors that would result from reliance on just a single transliteration. The synoptic transliteration is similar to a multiple alignment of related genomes in bioinformatics in order to derive the genetic sequence of a putative common ancestor of all the aligned genomes.
Should they stay or should they go now? Exploring the impact of team familiarity on interprofessional team training outcomes.

Abstract Introduction Although simulation is an effective method for enhancing team competencies, it is unclear how team familiarity impacts this process. We examined how team familiarity impacted team competencies. Methods Trainees were assigned to stable or dynamic teams to participate in three simulated cases. Situation awareness (SA) data was collected through in-scenario freezes. The recorded performances were assessed for clinical effectiveness (ClinEff) and teamwork. All data are reported on a 1–100% (100% = perfect performance) scale. Results Forty-six trainees (23 General Surgery; 23 Emergency Medicine) were randomized by specialty into stable (N = 8) or dynamic (N = 7) groups. Overall changes from Sim 1 to Sim3 were 12.2% (p Conclusions Teams who continued to work together demonstrated increased improvements in clinical effectiveness and teamwork, while dynamic teams only demonstrated improvements in teamwork.
Selecting target bridging faults for uniform circuit coverage

The prevalence of bridging defects makes bridging fault models important to consider during fault simulation and test generation. The large number of bridging faults that can be defined for a circuit led to the development of procedures for selecting subsets of bridging faults that are likely to occur based on the circuit layout, and hard-to-detect bridging faults whose coverage provides a more effective representation for the quality of a test set. This paper develops a procedure for the selection of subsets of bridging faults that addresses the need to provide a uniform coverage of the circuit in order to prevent areas with low coverage from resulting in test escapes. In an iterative process, the procedure described in this paper uses a set of randomly selected bridging faults to compute coverage metrics for circuit lines. The lines with low coverages are used for defining a new set of bridging faults that are targeted for test generation. The iterative process updates this information to ensure that the lines with the lowest coverages continue to be targeted. A single iteration without performing test generation can be used for evaluating a test set or comparing different test sets with respect to their ability to cover the circuit.
Impact statement: Accelerating the adoption of bundled payment reimbursement

Rising healthcare costs, both in the United States and abroad, have resulted in a variety of innovative approaches to cost management focused on the use of payment schemes to incentivize higher-qua...
Feferman on Set Theory: Infinity up on Trial

In this paper I examine Feferman’s reasons for maintaining that while the statements of first-order number theory are “completely clear” and “completely definite,” many of the statements of analysis and set theory are “inherently vague” and “indefinite.” I critique his five main arguments and argue that in the end the entire case rests on the brute intuition that the concept of subsets of natural numbers—along with the richer concepts of set theory—is not “clear enough to secure definiteness.” My response to this final, remaining point will be that the concept of “being clear enough to secure definiteness” is about as clear a case of an inherently vague and indefinite concept as one might find, and as such it can bear little weight in making a case against the definiteness of analysis and set theory.
The measurement of task performance as criteria in selection research.

This chapter is about measuring task performance in personnel selection research. When evaluating the validity of selection tests and procedures, the accuracy of these validity estimates depends in turn on the accuracy of criterion performance measurement. Initially, sales jobs may seem ideally suited for the use of objective criteria as performance measures. Longer periods for data collection may be necessary to ensure stable criterion production rates. One issue in work sample scoring is whether to evaluate products or process relative to work sample performance. Dimensions identified by Chockalingam Viswesvaran included interpersonal competence, administrative competence, quality, productivity, effort, job knowledge, leadership, compliance/acceptance of authority, communications competence, and an overall job performance dimension. Rater training provides a promising approach to improving the quality of performance ratings. Mike Smith and Kendall extended the notion of critical incidents by designing a rating format they referred to as behavioral expectation scales, now generally labeled behaviorally anchored rating scales.
Effect of testosterone enanthate on hematopoiesis in normal men

Testosterone enanthate, a commonly used depot form of androgen, was administered to normal men according to several dose schedules. This resulted in significant increments in serum testosterone levels despite the fact that testosterone concentrations remained within the normal population range in almost all instances. Mild but significant increases in white blood cell, red blood cell, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentrations were noted. These effects correlated with the dose frequency schedules. Negligible changes in mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were observed. Despite the significant individual increases in blood parameters, all values remained within the normal population range and no clinical manifestations were observed.
Low-level light therapy and hair loss

Low-level light therapy is a newly recognized treatment option for the treatment of hair loss. Low-level light is a low power, red to near-infrared light produced by a laser or a light emitting diode. The use of low-level light therapy in medicine dates back to the 1960s. Traditional uses of low-level light therapy include treatment of chronic ulcers and chronic pain syndromes such as headache, musculoskeletal pain, and neuropathic pain. Low-level light therapy was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2007 for the treatment of mild to moderate male pattern hair loss. Male pattern hair loss, also known as androgenetic alopecia, is the most common type of hair loss in men. Traditional treatments for male pattern hair loss have been limited to minoxidil, finasteride, and hair transplant surgery; as well as other experimental treatments. There are currently limited studies supporting the use of low-level light therapy for male pattern hair loss. The use of low-level light therapy for the treatment of female pattern hair loss, the most common type of hair loss in women, has also been described. Low-level light has also been used in alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, and post-transplantation surgery. The use of low-level light therapy has been associated with decreased rate of hair loss, increase in non-vellous or terminal hair, and improved hair texture. Low-level light therapy is safe to use either solely or as an adjuvant. Its reported side effects include initial increase in hair loss, pruritis, and increased blood flow. Some individuals have been reported to respond more favorably to this treatment. The mechanism of low-level light therapy is essentially based on increasing the hair follicle’s metabolism using the light’s energy. Increased metabolism would theoretically lead to hair growth. Low-level light therapy products have evolved from physician based products to various home use devices, making them widely more available. One should consider the type of light source, its wavelength, and its power when considering a low-level light therapy product. The pros of low-level light therapy include its favorable side effect profile and the one time investment cost. Its cons include the necessity of ongoing treatments and no established data as to which individuals specifically respond better to this treatment.
Comparison of Implantable Loop Recorder and Event Monitors for Diagnosis of Atrial fibrillation in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke (P6.244)

Objective: This study was designed to assess the incidence of AF detection on ILR versus wearable monitors after an episode of CS. Background: Current guidelines recommend prolonged rhythm monitoring by long-term non-invasive wearable ECG monitors or implantable loop recorders (ILR) for detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). The incidence and temporal relation of AF detection during prolonged monitoring can guide the strategy of wearable versus ILR. Design/Methods: A total of 309 patients were diagnosed with CS from March 2013 to July 2017 at the Ohio States University. A total of 219 patients received ILR and had a regular follow up via remote transmission (ILR group). Another 90 patients received an event monitor (EM) for 30 days and had complete follow up (EM group). Results: Mean follow up for patients with ILR was 23 ± 11 months. A total of 44 (20 %) patients were found to have AF during follow up in ILR group while only 6 (6.7 %) were diagnosed with AF in the EM group. Average duration of AF was 6 hours and median AF duration was 20 minutes. Only 28 % of the AF patients were diagnosed within first month of ILR implantation. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score in was 3 ± 1 in patients with AF and 2±1 in patients without AF. Patients with AF had significantly larger left atrial size compared to patients without AF. Conclusions: This study highlights the relative futility of performing one month EM as the initial strategy to screen for AF in these patients. The findings of this study are in support of ILR as the preferred strategy for AF detection in patients with CS. Disclosure: Dr. Salam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grose has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mease has nothing to disclose. Dr. Afzal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hinduja has nothing to disclose. Dr. Daoud has nothing to disclose.
Pacritinib to treat myelofibrosis patients with thrombocytopenia

Introduction: Treatment with ruxolitinib, a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor, has significantly improved the lives of patients with myelofibrosis. Unfortunately, this treatment is frequently limited by c...
Human antibodies targeting Zika virus NS1 provide protection against disease in a mouse model.

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to dengue virus that can cause severe disease in humans, including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. Specific treatments and vaccines for Zika virus are not currently available. Here, we isolate and characterize four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from an infected patient that target the non-structural protein NS1. We show that while these antibodies are non-neutralizing, NS1-specific mAbs can engage FcγR without inducing antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection in vitro. Moreover, we demonstrate that mAb AA12 has protective efficacy against lethal challenges of African and Asian lineage strains of Zika virus in Stat2-/- mice. Protection is Fc-dependent, as a mutated antibody unable to activate known Fc effector functions or complement is not protective in vivo. This study highlights the importance of the ZIKV NS1 protein as a potential vaccine antigen.
First-Principles Studies in Fe-Based Superconductors

The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in iron-based superconductors [1] has attracted intense recent research attention, especially given that these compounds contain no Cu atoms in comparison with the extensively studied cuprate families, the well-known high-temperature superconductors [2]. Similar to that in cuprate families, these systems show close proximity of superconductivity to the magnetic phase, and therefore the intimate relationship between these two seemingly exclusive phases is of great interest [3–15].
Digital image-assisted quantitative nuclear analysis improves diagnostic accuracy of thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology

BACKGROUND Thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) plays a key role in triaging thyroid nodules. Yet many cases are assigned to indeterminate categories. The new category "noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like features" (NIFTP) complicates thyroid cytology. Digital image-derived nuclear measurements might objectively distinguish papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) from benign nodules and NIFTP. METHODS All thyroid FNAs from 2012 to 2016 of atypia of undetermined significance (A; n = 8) and suspicious for malignancy (S; n = 2) with sufficient cellularity and surgical follow-up, all FNAs preceding NIFTP (n = 6), and a random sample of PTC (n = 9) and benign (n = 10) cytology were studied. A modified Giemsa-stained slide from each case was scanned using the Aperio imaging system, and long (dl ) and short (ds )-axis diameters were measured for 125 nuclei per case. Nuclear area and elongation were calculated. RESULTS Nuclear area was larger in PTC (mean, 77.2 μm2 [range, 70.6-86.0 μm2 ]) than benign (mean, 43.3 μm2 [range 38.2-52.2 μm2 ]) (P < .001). Nuclear areas from indeterminate FNAs segregated according to final histology (A/S PTC mean 72.7 μm2 , A/S benign mean 53.7 μm2 ; P = 0.004), and were not significantly different from definitive FNAs of the same diagnosis. NIFTP nuclear area was smaller than PTC (mean, 54.8 μm2 [range, 46.7-66.1 μm2 ]; P < .001). Nuclear elongation showed similar results, but with greater group overlap. CONCLUSION Nuclear area and elongation can be calculated using a commercial digital imager; both correlate with the final surgical pathology diagnosis of PTC versus benign, including NIFTP. Area provides greater resolution than elongation. This technique could be used to resolve indeterminate cytology in which PTC is considered.
Animal-Assisted Activities in Colleges and Universities: An Efficient Model for Reducing Student Stress

Abstract This chapter provides an overview of animal-assisted activities (AAAs) in colleges and universities, with particular attention to their use as an efficient method for delivering services to the enormous number of students in need. AAAs are used to help students who experience high rates of stress, psychological problems, and suicidal ideation. The promise of AAAs is to mitigate these problems on a large scale. However, the relevance of the strengths of AAAs for dissemination depends on the effectiveness of AAAs for reducing stress and improving mental health for students.
Μονάς and ψυχή in the Phaedo

The paper analyzes the final proof with Greek mathematics and the possibility of intermediates in the Phaedo. The final proof in Plato’s Phaedo depends on a claim at 105c6, that μονάς, ‘unit’, generates πeριττός ‘odd’ in number. So, ψυχή ‘soul’ generates ζωή ‘life’ in a body, at 105c10-11. Yet commentators disagree how to understand these mathematical terms and their relation to the soul in Plato’s arguments. The Greek mathematicians understood odd numbers in one of two ways: either that which is not divisible into two equal parts, or that which differs from an even number by a unit. (Euclid VII.7) Plato uses the second way in the final proof. This paper argues that a proper understanding of these mathematical terms within Greek mathematics shows that the argument for the final proof is better than previously thought. Such an interpretation of the final proof lends credence to Platonic intermediates.
Health-related quality of life among non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer survivors: a population-based study

Objective To examine the effect of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) diagnosis and treatment on survivors' quality of life (QoL). Patients and methods Of the 5979 patients with NMIBC diagnosed between 2010 and 2014 in North Carolina, 2000 patients were randomly selected to be invited to enroll in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected by postal mail survey. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core (QLQ-C30) and the NMIBC-specific module were included in the survey to measure QoL. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, anova, and Pearson's correlation were used to describe demographics and to assess how QoL varied by sex, cancer stage, time since diagnosis, and treatment. Results A total of 398 survivors returned questionnaires (response rate: 23.6%). The mean QoL score for QLQ-C30 (range 0-100, higher = better QoL in all domains but symptoms) for global health status was 73.6, function domain scores ranged from 83.9 to 86.5, and scores for the top five symptoms (insomnia, fatigue, dyspnoea, pain, and financial difficulties) ranged from 14.1 to 24.3. The lowest NMIBC-specific QoL domain was sexual issues including sexual function, enjoyment, problems, and intimacy. Women had worse bowel problems, sexual function, and sexual enjoyment than men but better sexual intimacy and fewer concerns about contaminating their partner. Stage Ta had the highest global health status, followed by T1 and Tis. QoL did not vary by time since diagnosis except for sexual function. The cystectomy group (n = 21) had worse QoL in sexual function, discomfort with sexual intimacy, sexual enjoyment, and male sexual problems than the non-cystectomy group (n = 336). Conclusion Survivors of NMIBC face a unique burden associated with their diagnosis and the often-lifelong surveillance and treatment regimens. The finding has important implications for the design of tailored supportive care interventions to improve QoL for NMIBC survivors.
Autonomic and neuroendocrine response to stress

Abstract Autonomic nervous system (ANS) and neuroendocrine (NE) responses to stress were introduced as one of the first biologically plausible mechanisms to explain how exposure to environmental stress increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Various patterns of ANS and NE responses to stress have been examined with respect to onset of CVD, including exaggerated response magnitudes, delayed recovery of responses, and the relative lack of responding. Although exposure to environmental stress has been associated with all of these types of allostatic load, only exaggerated response to stress and delayed response recoveries have been shown to be associated with CVD. Blunted cardiovascular responses to stress are not commonly associated with CVD, but are linked to several behavioral risk factors for CVD, including certain health behaviors and depression. In sum, considerable evidence supports the roles of ANS and NE responding to stress as potential physiologic mechanisms involved in the bodies translation of environmental stress to disease processes like atherosclerosis.
Accuracy of Yttrium-90 microspheres delivery vial exposure rate measurement: Effect on estimated percent of activity delivered

2244 Objectives To estimate the error in 90Y microsphere delivery vial exposure rate measurement, and assess its impact on the percent of activity delivered calculation. Methods Linear correlation analysis of background-corrected exposure rate (mR/h) at 30 cm from the vial (V), measured with a calibrated ion chamber survey meter, versus activity (GBq) from a dose calibrator calibrated for assaying 90Y vials, was performed using the data from our first fifty-seven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 90Y microspheres liver brachytherapy treatments. Employing the mR/h computed from the linear correlation function as the correct value, the difference between measured and true (ΔV) was calculated. The resulting difference (Δ%D) in estimated percent of activity delivered (%D=100 × [V - residual waste jar mR/h] / V), using measured versus true V, was then computed. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Excellent correlation of mR/h vs. GBq was observed (y=1.682x, r=0.993, p Conclusions Based on measured - fit residuals, the 90Y microspheres vial activity mR/h "assay" appears to be within 10% of true. Since the estimated %D tends to be very high in HCC patients (e.g., 49 of 57 ≥ 95% and 53 of 57 ≥ 90% in this cohort), the equation approaches V/V most of the time, and thus the effect of an error in V is generally negligible. On the other hand, the one ΔV outlier (-34.1%) suggests a large error is possible. If the true %D was 80 for that treatment, the error would have resulted in a %D of 70 and thus an apparent misadministration (> 20% difference from prescribed), suggesting that minimizing inaccuracy in V is prudent (e.g. by minimizing variation in the measurement geometry)
Bell's Palsy Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a 2-Year-Old Child

Bell's palsy (BP) is an acute, unilateral facial nerve palsy (FNP) that is a diagnosis of exclusion, sometimes associated with infectious causes. In this article, we described a previously healthy 2-year-old child patient who presented with left-sided facial droop, positive severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), positive SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)-G antibody, and negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) SARS-CoV-2 (PCR and serology). This is the second reported pediatric case of BP in the setting of SARS-CoV-2, and the first in a child without comorbidities. Due to the positive antibody test, we presented the idea that SARS-CoV-2 could be a triggering factor of the FNP, possibly occurring in the later stages of disease.
The role of the built environment for healthy aging: barriers and enablers

Abstract The role of the built environment for healthy aging has received increased attention in research and policy. The built environment is defined as all buildings, spaces, and amenities that are created or modified by people. Older adults may be particularly susceptible to barriers in their local built environments, especially when they experience declines in functional capacity and are in need of accessible transportation and services. In this chapter we first introduce two conceptual frameworks that can be useful for theorizing how the built environment shapes healthy aging. We then review the existing research on barriers and enablers in the built environment, and provide an overview of the different sources of data that can be used to characterize these built environment features, as well as methodological issues to consider. We conclude by recommending avenues for translating this research for policy and practice, and identifying key areas for future research.
Abstract 2308: The protein interaction landscape of breast cancer

Cancers have been associated with a diverse array of genomic alterations, many of which are rare with unknown significance. To understand the cellular mechanisms impacted by such alterations in breast invasive carcinoma, we have applied affinity-purification mass spectrometry to delineate comprehensive biophysical interaction networks for 40 frequently altered breast cancer proteins across three human breast cell lines, providing a novel resource of context-specific and shared protein-protein interaction networks in breast cancer cells. These networks interconnect and enrich for common and rare cancer mutations, and are substantially rewired by mutations. Our analysis identifies novel PIK3CA-interacting proteins which repress AKT signaling, and UBE2N emerges as a BRCA1 interactor predictive of clinical response to PARP inhibition. We also show that Spinophilin interacts with and dephosphorylates BRCA1 to promote DNA double-strand break repair. Thus, cancer protein interaction landscapes provide a framework for recognizing oncogenic drivers and drug vulnerabilities. Citation Format: Minkyu Kim, Jisoo Park, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Kyumin Kim, Ajda Rojc, Maya Modak, Margaret Soucheray, Patrick O9Leary, Denise Wolf, Dominique C. Mitchell, Fan Zheng, John D. Gordan, Jean-Philippe Coppe, Danielle L. Swaney, Laura van9 t Veer, Alan Ashworth, Trey Ideker, Nevan J. Krogan. The protein interaction landscape of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2308.
Using DHI Records in Reproductive Management

The famous black baseball player, Satchel Page, once said, "If you don't know where you 're going, you might end up somewhere else." Good dairy records are essential to "know where you're going" in managing a dairy herd. A commitment to accurate cow identity and day-to-day recording of all events, coupled with modern computer record systems, will pay a high return per dollar invested.
Authoritarian Rule of Law

Scholars have generally assumed that authoritarianism and rule of law are mutually incompatible. Convinced that free markets and rule of law must tip authoritarian societies in a liberal direction, nearly all studies of law and contemporary politics have neglected that improbable coupling: authoritarian rule of law. Through a focus on Singapore, this book presents an analysis of authoritarian legalism. It shows how prosperity, public discourse, and a rigorous observance of legal procedure have enabled a reconfigured rule of law such that liberal form encases illiberal content. Institutions and process at the bedrock of rule of law and liberal democracy become tools to constrain dissent while augmenting discretionary political power - even as the national and international legitimacy of the state is secured. This book offers a valuable and original contribution to understanding the complexities of law, language and legitimacy in our time.
Short-Term Atmospheric Corrosion of Various Copper-Base Alloys—Two- and Four-Year Results

Corrosion data pertaining to a variety of copper-base alloys after two- and four-year exposure to natural environments at New Haven, Connecticut, Brooklyn, New York, and Daytona Beach, Florida are presented. High zinc alloys, cartridge brass alloy B36 (260) and nickel silver alloy B122(770) experienced substantial decreases in mechanical properties due to "plug type" dezincification and pitting. In addition, the rate of attack on high zinc containing alloys was environment specific. Alloy (619), a copper-aluminum-iron alloy, displayed substantial increases in mechanical properties with time. This is attributed to a long-term low-temperature order-disorder mechanism. The degree of patination was alloy, time, and environment specific. To avoid ambiguity, it is suggested that instantaneous corrosion rate rather than changes in absolute weight loss be used as the criterion for duration of atmospheric testing of copper-base alloys.
Magnetic fields in white dwarfs

Just one yea r ago at the 2nd Conference on Faint Blue Stars , two rev iew papers were p resen ted summar iz ing the obse rva t i ona l cha rac te r i s t i cs and at tempts at spec t ra l model ing of iso lated magnet ic wh i te dwar fs (see Schmidt 1987 and Wickramasinghe 1987, r e s p e c t i v e l y ) . Because much of tha t i n fo rmat ion is st i l l r e l e v a n t , th is paper wi l l concen t ra te on some of the p rogress which has occur red s ince the t ime of t ha t meet ing , and on h i g h l i g h t i n g c u r r e n t prob lems in the area of r esea rch . Using speci f ic examples for i l l u s t r a t i o n , the d iscussion concent ra tes on the s ing le s ta rs , Magnet ic b i n a r y systems are cons idered f rom the po in t of v iew of the whi te dwar f s themse lves .
Prosecutors as Punishment Theorists: Seeking Sentencing Justice

Federal criminal law in the last 100 years has seen three distinct sentencing eras. Most surveys of these three sentencing eras have focused on the changing power of the judge: from unfettered discretion before the Sentencing Guidelines, to severely restricted discretion under the mandatory guidelines, to our current system of guided discretion under United States v. Booker. This article, however, focuses on the role of the prosecutor, which has changed dramatically over time. In the era of individualized sentencing, prosecutors typically either abdicated sentencing responsibility or made non-binding recommendations based on individualization principles. There was little reason for prosecutors to become more involved, given the breadth of judicial discretion and the absence of appellate review. During the mandatory guidelines era, prosecutors became much more active at sentencing, advocating for particular guidelines ranges and appealing sentences that departed from those ranges. Our current system of advisory guidelines combines elements of the first two eras. Prosecutors must still compute and advocate for particular guidelines calculations, but now they must also argue - both at sentencing and on appeal - that the sentences they recommend are reasonable. Put differently, prosecutors now must justify the sentences they seek by reference to the traditional principles of punishment.This article examines prosecutors' new role as punishment theorists. In particular, the article argues that by forcing prosecutors to justify their sentences, Booker has caused an unintended, but potentially important, shift in prosecutorial engagement with sentencing justice. The article then examines whether this new engagement with sentencing justice can improve other aspects of prosecutorial discretion. In particular, the article argues that the principles of sentencing justice being developed by federal courts in the wake of Booker can inform not just prosecutorial sentencing arguments, but also prosecutorial charging decisions. In the end, the article proposes a solution the persistent challenge of mandatory minimum sentences: prosecutors should use Booker's reasonableness standard in determining whether to file charges that will result in a mandatory sentence above the advisory guidelines range.
Gender differences in STEM undergraduates' vocational interests: People–thing orientation and goal affordances

Abstract This study addressed why women have greater representation in some STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields compared to others by linking two theoretical approaches, people–thing orientation (PO, TO) and role congruity theory, which emphasizes occupation goal affordances associated with traditionally feminine and masculine roles. Vocational interest and goal affordance ratings (having a positive social impact, family, and occupation status) for occupations characterized as working with people or things were assessed in 1848 students (42% female; 81% white non-Hispanic) majoring in biology (gender balanced), non-biology STEM (male-dominated), and female-dominated health fields. Participant PO and TO interests were also collected. Results indicated that non-biology STEM majors showed lower PO and higher TO interests than biology and health majors. Non-biology STEM majors also endorsed PO and TO interests at similar levels, but the other two major groups indicated higher PO than TO. People Jobs were perceived to more likely afford goals related to family and positive social impact; whereas Thing Jobs were perceived to more likely afford status goals. Interest in People Jobs was similar for women in both STEM major groups. Female non-biology STEM majors were equally interested in People and Thing Jobs; whereas biology majors preferred People Jobs. PO, TO, and goal affordance ratings independently predicted interest in People and Thing Jobs, and gender accounted for very little additional variance. Taken together, the findings point to the importance of using both person–thing orientation and role congruity theory when explaining varied gender representations in different STEM fields.