cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensing strategy to detect wrinkles in components

Wrinkling is a common phenomena in a range of manufacturing processes. The ability to sense the occurrence of wrinkles is useful in deep-drawn sheet metal forming to make on-line closed-loop feedback control of the binder forces feasible. This would lead to higher productivity and better-quality of deep-drawn components. The sensing of wrinkles as they occur in manufacturing applications is considered here. The sensors used are of a noncontact type, either a fiber optic displacement sensor or a laser range finder. The size constraint is particularly relevant for the on-line sensing application. The use of two displacement sensors to detect the wrinkle and estimate its peak amplitude is explained. The sensing strategy is experimentally verified. >
Social Patterns of Substance-Use Among People With Dual Diagnoses

An ethnography, part of the larger New Hampshire Dual Diagnosis Study, discovered in a small subsample (n = 16) that clients participated in 1 (or sometimes 2) of 4 distinct and different social patterns of substance-use. These 4 patterns, (1) "the lone user," (2) "the small, closed social clique," (3) "the large, open user syndicate," and (4) the "entrepreneurial drug provider," manifest important social functions of such substance-use. These social functions need to be taken into account as case managers attempt to persuade clients to abstain from using substances, because changing one's substance-use immediately affects one's participation in these user networks. Case managers can understand the social pressures toward certain patterns of substance-use by attending to the social patterning of that use. Many social functions provided by these social patterns must be continued by other means if clients, once persuaded to attempt abstinence, are to be effectively supported in their sobriety.
A Current Source Matrix Converter for High-Power Applications

This paper introduces a direct AC-AC current source converter based on the structure of conventional matrix converter. A novel switching strategy is developed to operate the matrix converter in a current source based configuration. The switching strategy is based on minimizing low-order harmonics of the converter input-output currents, which reduces the size of converter filtering components. A control system is developed to regulate magnitude and angle of the converter output current and to control the load real and reactive power components. Performance of the proposed current source converter is evaluated in terms of effectiveness of the developed switching strategy and control system for harmonic cancelation and load power control.
Effects of batrachotoxin on membrane potential and conductance of squid giant axons.

The effects of batrachotoxin (BTX) on the membrane potential and conductances of squid giant axons have been studied by means of intracellular microelectrode recording, internal perfusion, and voltage clamp techniques. BTX (550–1100 nM) caused a marked and irreversible depolarization of the nerve membrane, the membrane potential being eventually reversed in polarity by as much as 15 mv. The depolarization progressed more rapidly with internal application than with external application of BTX to the axon. External application of tetrodotoxin (1000 nM) completely restored the BTX depolarization. Removal or drastic reduction of external sodium caused a hyperpolarization of the BTX-poisoned membrane. However, no change in the resting membrane potential occurred when BTX was applied in the absence of sodium ions in both external and internal phases. These observations demonstrate that BTX specifically increases the resting sodium permeability of the squid axon membrane. Despite such an increase in resting sodium permeability, the BTX-poisoned membrane was still capable of undergoing a large sodium permeability increase of normal magnitude upon depolarizing stimulation provided that the membrane potential was brought back to the original or higher level. The possibility that a single sodium channel is operative for both the resting sodium, permeability and the sodium permeability increase upon stimulation is discussed.
WHAT WAS THE INDIGÉNAT ? THE ‘EMPIRE OF LAW’ IN FRENCH WEST AFRICA

What was the indigenat? This article approaches this question via three arguments. First, a study of the indigenat (the regime of administrative sanctions applied to colonial subjects) challenges the idea that French West Africa formed part of an `empire of law'. Second, a dynamic spectrum of political statuses developed around the indigenat until its abolition in 194 6. This spectrum is no less significant than one of its poles alone, that of colonial citizens. Third, the indigenat, its narrative of reform, and its relationship to law, bureaucracy, and authority illuminate the tensions between imperial rhetoric and colonial governance.
Molding of rubber for high performance applications

Abstract This paper broadly considers rubbers (elastomers), molding methods, and some problems associated with molding for high-performance (HP) applications. Molding procedures are then reviewed for several products used in HP applications. The elastomers mainly discussed are NR, SBR, CR, NBR, chloro-sulfonylpolyethylene rubber, silicone rubber, hydrofluoroelastomer and perfluorelastomer. NR is used in HP applications because it possesses desirable properties such as excellent fatigue resistance and high strength. Other rubbers or elastomers, such as silicone or perfluoroelastomer, are used in HP applications because they resist high temperatures and aggressive fluids. When molding these elastomers by compression, transfer, and injection, special procedures are sometimes necessary. These are discussed along with factors that affect molding behavior and the quality of molded products. These factors include: rheology, rubber shrinkage, inserts in moldings, mold fouling, mold materials, and design factors f...
Is melanoma changing

Nine hundred ninety-five cases of melanoma of the head and neck were divided into two groups so that certain comparisons could be made concerning the behavior of melanoma over a 55-year period. One hundred twelve melanomas of the ocular system were excluded from this review. The first group consisted of 660 melanomas seen during a period from 1932 to 1972. The second group consisted of 223 melanomas seen during a period from 1973 to 1987. Thirteen parameters, including sex, age, distribution, pre-existing mole, amelanotic melanoma, delay in diagnosis, classification, levels, local recurrence, regional metastasis, systemic metastasis, morbidity, and survival, were studied to assess the behavior and the variations. There is no question that the most important aspect of the favorable changes that have occurred are because of earlier diagnosis and better management by a larger group of well-trained specialists. There are some subtler changes that could possibly indicate biologic alterations, but this requires more time and study to substantiate.
The Effect of Rate on Prolongation of Ventricular Refractoriness by Quinidine in Humans

ROSENHECK, S., ET AL.: The Effect of Rate on Prolongation of Ventricular Refractoriness by Quinidine in Humans. In this study, the rate dependent effect of quinidine on the ventricular elective refractory period fVERP) was evaluated in 30 patients undergoing eJectropharmacoJogical testing with quinidine. The VERPs were measured in the baseline state and after at least 2 days of treatment with 1,458-2,044 mg/day of quinidine gluconate (mean plasma quinidine concentration 2.2 ±0.7 mcg/mLj. In 20 patients, the VERP was measured using conventional basic drive trains of 8 beats and basic drive cycle lengths of 600, 500, 400, and 350 msec. In another 10 patients, the VERP was measured after 3 minutes of continuous ventricular pacing at cycle lengths of 600 and 400 msec, and compared to the VERPs measured at the same basic drive cycle lengths using basic drive train durations of 2 and 8 beats. In the baseline state and after treatment with quinidine, the VERP shortened progressively as the basic drive train cycle length decreased and as the drive train duration increased to 3 minutes (P < 0.001). Quinidine consistently prolonged the VERP by 9%-ll% {P < 0.001], regardless of the basic drive train cycle length. Quinidine's effect was also not affected by the basic drive train duration. In conclusion, the effect of quinidine on VERP in humans is independent of the rate of the basic drive train, both when measured using conventional 8-beat basic drive trains and when a three minute drive train duration is used in order to attain the maximum effect of the basic drive train cycle length on the VERP. Therefore, in contrast to quinidine's known rate dependent effect on conduction, it's effect on ventricular refractoriness at doses and basic drive train cycle lengths which are used clinically are not rate dependent. fPACE, Vol. 13, November, Part 11990)
When States Prefer Non‐Citizens Over Citizens: Conflict Over Illegal Immigration into Malaysia

Why would a state encourage illegal immigration over the opposition of its citizens? According to the theories of immigration and citizenship, we should expect exactly the opposite: that states will monitor, control, and restrict illegal immigrants' access to citizenship on behalf of its citizens, as has been the experience of most countries. I use my research on Filipino immigration to Sabah, Malaysia to show how Malaysia utilizes census practices and documentation to incorporate an illegal immigrant population from the Philippines. Illegal immigrants play an electoral role in Sabah because of the loosely institutionalized nature of citizenship, a feature common to many other developing countries. Our examination of Malaysia reveals several elements of illegal immigration and citizenship that are common to migratory flows in other developing countries. I conclude by showing how this case is generalizable and what it tells us about illegal immigrant participation in the international system.
XCVIII. — Fishes from East Africa, with new records and descriptions of two new species

(1954). XCVIII. — Fishes from East Africa, with new records and descriptions of two new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 7, No. 83, pp. 797-820.
Modernity as autonomy

In Modernism as a Philosophical Problem Robert Pippin offers an interpretation of post‐Kantian continental philosophy that locates the project of autonomy or self‐determination at the center of the modernity/postmodernity debate and presents Hegel as ‘a kind of radical, post‐Kantian modernist’ whose philosophical ‘experiment’ is preferable to more recent attempts to overcome or deconstruct metaphysics. I raise some questions about the adequacy of Pippin's interpretation of Hegel's notion of a rational justification, at least as it bears on his argument in the Philosophy of Right, and I express some reservations about Pippin's own attempt to view modernity in terms of the project of autonomy. I conclude with some reasons for preferring Habermas's account of modernity which, without abandoning the project of autonomy, relinquishes the idea of a self‐grounding of reason and proposes a more modest role for philosophy within the current division of intellectual labor.
Ethics and the Death Penalty

Psychiatrists, who may or may not specialize in legal work, are called on to participate in capital punishment cases at several points in the legal process. For instance, their opinions may be requested in the determination of fitness to stand trial, and on mental state at the time of the crime, particularly in connection with the insanity defense. After a declaration of guilt they may be involved in the sentencing process, where questions as to mitigating circumstances will often be about mental stress and psychological history. They are also asked to predict future dangerousness and the possibility of rehabilitation. Finally, psychiatrists may (though much less frequently) be asked to pronounce on “fitness to be executed.”
Cancer stem cell gene signature identified from advanced stage papillary serous ovarian adenocarcinoma side populations

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA 5005 Recent studies support the concept that cancer as a disease is driven by cancer stem cells and these are the cells that can both initiate tumor growth and then re-initiate tumor expansion after therapy. Hence an understanding of gene expression profiles of cancer stem cells may lead to improved therapies as well as novel insights into the cellular mechanisms of carcinogenesis in ovary. The aim of this study is to generate a cancer stem cell gene expression signature from isolated Side Populations of fresh ascites obtained from women with high-grade advanced stage papillary serous ovarian adenocarcinoma at the time of cytoreductive surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. All patients had been diagnosed with ovarian cancer for the first time. All patient specimens were collected and studied under protocols approved by the institutional review board of the parent institution. Gene expression profiling using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 2.0 Plus microarray platform was performed on Side Populations (SP) and Main Populations (MP) isolated by Hoechst staining/FACS method. Array data was analyzed using BRB-ArrayTools. Paired T-test analyses (p<0.01) was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes between SP and MP. We identified 446 genes (138 up-regulated and 302 down-regulated) that were differentially expressed between all 10 SP and MP pairs. The microarray data was validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on 19 randomly selected differentially regulated genes. 17/19 (89.5%) genes showed robust correlations between microarray and qRT-PCR expression data. The gene signature was enriched for genes in Gene Ontology biological processes of cell cycle, transport, apoptosis, regulation of translation/transcription, signal transduction, and cell proliferation. Further data mining for biologically relevant processes using Pathway Studio 5.0 identified genes overexpressed in SP that were related to functional cancer stem cell-like phenotypes of cell survival (PAWR), proliferation (EPHB), and apoptosis (AKT). WNT signaling pathway genes (FZD) were downregulated in SP, and genes implicated in normal stem cell function (NUP, ST3GAL, LTBP) were upregulated in SP. Taken together these results highlight the "stemness function" of the ovarian cancer SP gene signature. In conclusion, we generated an expression profile from SP enriched for cancer stem cells from ascites from ovarian cancer patients. The nature of the "stemness" of the SP gene signature was revealed by the identification of several stem cell-related genes and genes involved in the WNT -signaling pathway. These genes may be key players involved in the mechanisms controlling ovarian cancer stem cell functions, and may represent potential therapeutic targets.
GEOHONGOS EN AMBIENTES ACUATICOS: ONYGENALES QUERATINOFILICOS AISLADOS EN LA INTERFASE Y SEDIMENTO DEL RIO ACONCAGUA. V REGIÓN (CHILE)

Mediante 6 muestreos efectuados en el periodo 1999-2000, se estudio la presencia de Onygenales queratinofilicos en el rio Aconcagua utilizando como metodos de muestreo: trampas, interfase, sedimentos y tierras en dos estaciones, Juncal y Chagres, empleandose la tecnica del anzuelo queratinico. Cada estacion fue caracterizada por parametros biologicos en la interfase y sedimento del rio: presencia de hongos filamentosos y levaduriformes con la tecnica de dilucion y recuentos en placa e indicadores fecales (Escherichia coli y Streptococcus faecalis) a traves del MPN/100 ml. Se consideraron tambien los parametros fisico-quimicos: caudal, demanda bioquimica de oxigeno, nitratos, fosfatos, materia organica, pH, temperatura y metales pesados (Cobre, Zinc, Plomo y Cadmio). En Juncal se aislaron 327 cepas distribuidas en 9 generos y 14 especies (n=324), con los soguientes porcentajes en trampas: 31,2%, interfase, 30,9%, sedimentos 15%, tierras 22,3%. En Chagres se aislaron 611 cepas distribuidas en 12 generos y 17 especies (n=590) con los siguientes porcentajes: en trampas 24,4%; interfase, 14,7; sedimentos 36,8% y en tierras 24,1%. A vivel de trampas y sedimentos en ambas estaciones, Aphanoascus keratinophilus obtuvo porcentajes entre 10-34%, Arthroderma quadrifidum entre 8,9-38% y Chysosporium pannicola entre 7,4-18%, constituyendo las principales especies aisladas tomando como referencia su mayor presencia en las trampas. Se destaca su importancia como indicadores del crecimiento total de Onygenales que han desarrollado una alternativade dispersion y sobrevivenvcia en ambientes acuaticos con excedentes de materia organica. A pesar del comportamiento euritopo de estas especies su empleo como bioindicadoes de contaminacion ambiental es discutible debido a su notable capacidad de adaptacion. Por su relacion con los dermatofitos, algunas de las especies aisladas podrian constituir un potencial riesgo en salud publica, debido al oportunismo presente en este grupo, en especial Microsporum gypseum aislado entre un 2 a 6,5%. En Chagres, en los sedimentos, se detecto la mayor presencia de indicadores fecales.
Performance evaluation of building integrated solar thermal shading system: Building energy consumption and daylight provision

Abstract This paper evaluated the performance of the building integrated solar thermal shading (BISTS) system on building energy consumption and daylight levels through energy and daylighting modeling and simulations. A medium office reference building in Los Angeles defined by the DOE was used in the case studies. The horizontal BISTS louvers on the south windows and vertical BISTS louvers on the east and west windows were modeled and simulated. The final BISTS configuration was achieved by considering the balance between primary energy savings and daylight provision. The results revealed that 1) the BISTS system could effectively improve the daylight condition for a single perimeter room by increasing the useful daylight level and reducing the excessive level. 2) The savings for the building energy consumption were not significant. The final design with the BISTS layouts on three facades could result in 5.3% of total primary energy saving. 3) 90° of slat angle should be avoided for both the horizontal and vertical BISTS louvers. Smaller angles – between 0° and 60° – are preferred.
Default and Saliency Network Functional Connectivity in Late-Life Depression: Task Free MRI Study (P05.120)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine global brain networks individuals with late-life major depression using a task-free fMRI (tfMRI). BACKGROUND: tfMRI is an emerging technique to study brain network dynamics in elderly subjects with mood disorders. Two networks, the default mode network (DMN) and the saliency network (SN) act in a reciprocal/anti-correlated manner whereby when one is activated, the other is deactivated. In common dementia syndromes such as Alzheimer dementia (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) there is evidence that as one network is disturbed the other is enhanced. Given the association of mood disorders with late life dementia we investigated the pattern of changes in these two networks in non-demented late-life depressed subjects. DESIGN/METHODS: Weanalyzed tfMRI using a seed-whole brain voxel correlation approach with theposterior cingulate cortex (DMN) and the right, anterior insula (SN) in 47 depressed (68.72±6.99 years; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 19.06±3.90) and 46 controls (72.89±7.9 years) matched by education and cognitive status. All results are uncorrected p Conn (www.nitrc.org/projects/conn) toolbox. RESULTS: There were minimal areas of increased connectivity in controls for either network. In depressed subjects increased PCC-DMN connectivity included: bilateral superior temporal gyrus, right insular cortex and bilateral somatosensory cortex- areas regularly disconnected with the DMN; whereas, in the SN there was a general increase in connectivity to areas regularly positively correlated: bilateral dorsolateral frontal cortex (left>right); the left insular cortex and left dorsal frontal cortex- indicating a possible enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Exploring resting-state brain activity we found late-life depression to be associated with an increased connectivity in the SN- a network associated with emotional processing, affect regulation and executive function; and increased DMN connectivity to areas normally distinct from this network. This bares similarities to patterns identified in AD. Together this work supports existing data that late-life depression is a risk factor for AD. Supported by: NIMH MH 086686, MH 071944, P30 MH090333 and the University of Pittsburgh Endowment in Geriatric Psychiatry. Disclosure: Dr. McDade has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tudorascu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Andreescu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Reynolds has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for American Association of Geriatric Psychiatry. Dr. Reynolds has received research support from Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb and National Institute of Health. Dr. Butters has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lopez has received personal compensation for activities with Merz Pharma. Dr. Aizenstein has nothing to disclose.
The Spectroscopy and Surface Chemistry of Metal-Alkyl Molecules

metal-alkyl molecules provied an early source molecule for photodeposition of metal. They continue to be of interest for patterned and unpatterned laser deposition and for conctact formation on compound semiconductors. This article provides a brief review of what has been learned about the surface photo-physic of this class of molecules based on several years of study with uV and iR absorption spectroscopy, UHV surface analysis, and thermal and photodesorption amass spectroscopy.
Expression and Significance of S100A4,E-cadherin in Malignant Melanoma

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of human malignant melanoma,and expression of S100A4 and E-cadherin in malignant melanoma and provide theoretic basis for tumorigenesis mechanism and gene therapy. Methods The expression of S100A4 and E-cadherin in 30 malignant melanoma,30 melanocytic nevus and 20 normal skin were detected by SP immunohistochemistry. Results Positive rates of S100A4 in malignant melanoma(66.67%)were significantly higher than that in normal skin and melanocytic nevus(13.33%). Positive rates of E-cadherin in malignant melanoma(43.33%)were lower than that in normal skin(100%) and melanocytic nevus.Expression of S100A4 and E-cadherin in metastasize malignant melanoma were greatly different from the ones without metastasis. Conclusion S100A4 and E-cadherin are closely related to the metastasis of malignant melanoma,and may be the predictors of the metastasis.
Proficiency testing results and analysis of bacterial count and quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food

Objective To improve microbiological examination capacity and level in food safety,ensure that test results sustained and effective,control and manage the laboratory quality. Methods Based on national standards GB 4789. 2-2010 and GB 4789. 10- 2010,two quantitative methods,two kinds of enrichment broth and isolation medium were used,the bacterial count in sample A398 and the quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus in sample B873 were detected.Results The bacterial count in sample A398 was 2. 3 × 104 CFU /ml,the results of plate count method in quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus was 630 CFU /ml,the MPN method was 1 100 MPN /ml. The evaluation of two sample test results gave by the Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Inspection Center was satisfactory,the Z score of bacterial count was 0. 00 and the Z score of the quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus was 0. 36.Conclusion Compared with Baid- Parker tablet,Staphylococcus aureus bacteria chromogenic medium is more suitable for the quantitative detection.
Recent developments on field gas extraction and sample preparation methods for radiokrypton dating of groundwater

Summary Current and foreseen population growths will lead to an increased demand in freshwater, large quantities of which is stored as groundwater. The ventilation age is crucial to the assessment of groundwater resources, complementing the hydrological model approach based on hydrogeological parameters. Ultra-trace radioactive isotopes of Kr ( 81 Kr and 85 Kr) possess the ideal physical and chemical properties for groundwater dating. The recent advent of atom trap trace analyses (ATTA) has enabled determination of ultra-trace noble gas radioisotope abundances using 5–10 μ L of pure Kr. Anticipated developments will enable ATTA to analyze radiokrypton isotope abundances at high sample throughput, which necessitates simple and efficient sample preparation techniques that are adaptable to various sample chemistries. Recent developments of field gas extraction devices and simple and rapid Kr separation method at the University of Chicago are presented herein. Two field gas extraction devices optimized for different sampling conditions were recently designed and constructed, aiming at operational simplicity and portability. A newly developed Kr purification system enriches Kr by flowing a sample gas through a moderately cooled (138 K) activated charcoal column, followed by a gentle fractionating desorption. This simple process uses a single adsorbent and separates 99% of the bulk atmospheric gases from Kr without significant loss. The subsequent two stages of gas chromatographic separation and a hot Ti sponge getter further purify the Kr-enriched gas. Abundant CH4 necessitates multiple passages through one of the gas chromatographic separation columns. The presented Kr separation system has a demonstrated capability of extracting Kr with > 90% yield and 99% purity within 75 min from 1.2 to 26.8 L STP of atmospheric air with various concentrations of CH4. The apparatuses have successfully been deployed for sampling in the field and purification of groundwater samples.
Development of an in vivo model of laryngeal burn injury

Objectives/Hypothesis Inhalation injury significantly increases morbidity and mortality in burn patients. Approximately one in five burn patients have acute injury to the larynx, trachea, and/or lungs—and as many as 70% have long-term laryngeal abnormalities. Although inhalation injury to the lung has been studied extensively, no models exist to study these insults to the larynx. As such, we developed an in vivo rabbit model to create precise and reproducible laryngeal burn with resultant tissue damage as a foundation for interventional studies. Methods Following tubeless tracheotomy, a custom temperature-control device was employed to apply heated air (70°C–80°C, 150°C–160°C, or 310°C–320°C) ± smoke derived from unbleached cotton to the larynx, endoscopically, minimizing adjacent tissue damage in six rabbits. Pain, nutrition, and level of activity were monitored. Direct laryngoscopy and histological examination were performed 24 hours following insult. Results All animals survived injury with appropriate pain control; oral intake was initiated and all were adequately ventilating via tracheostomy. Burn sequelae were noted under direct visualization 24 hours after injury, and graded levels of edema and tissue damage were observed as a function of temperature. Edema obstructed true vocal fold visualization at increased temperatures. These injury patterns correlated with graded tissue damage on histology. Conclusion We created an in vivo model of laryngeal burn injury employing a custom burn device resulting in graded tissue injury. This model is critical for investigation of the mechanisms underlying burn injury, and ultimately, the development and evaluation of therapies for this challenging population. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 2016
Optical fiber sensor-based smart materials and structures

Embedded or attached optical fiber sensors may be used to measure the physical characteristics of materials, or structures fabricated from those materials, during their entire use lifetimes. First, fibers have been embedded in some materials, such as advanced composites and metals, to allow in-situ process monitoring. For such applications, the fiber and fiber coating must be able to withstand the processing conditions, and the chemical and mechanical interface between the fiber and the matrix is of concern. Polymer, silica and sapphire fiber-based sensors have been used in particular to monitor temperature, strain, resin chemistry, and local material modulus.
Σ-Δ Analog-To-Digital Converter Design Example

This Σ-Δ A/D design example is the second in a series of design examples that we take through fabrication. We show that even though the circuits arid architecture are different from the ones in the first example, the methodology is applied in the same way. The two examples significaiitly differ for the following reasons: (1) the subcomponents are different, (2) the overall performance specifications and the reasons for their degradation are different, and (3) the sub-blocks are not in regular arrays. Its relative level of complexity is shown in Figure 9.1.
Building a RFID Anti-Collision Environment for Conference and Exhibition Industry

Conference and exhibition industry is a new industry with high growing power. Radio frequency identificaion (RFID) technology has been available for decades and applied in conference and exhibition industry recently. However, the system’s performance is expected to be critically reduce and unstabe due to the radio frequency collision. This paper developes an algorithm and a hierarchical process for quickly deploying the system and reducing the interference between RFID readers. With the hierarchical process, a simulation experiment is conducted to test the proposed anti-collision algorithm.
Stability Analysis and Controller Design of DC Microgrids With Constant Power Loads

DC microgrids consist of multiple power electronic converter units interconnected in a network with sources and loads. They are commonly found in the power systems of electric ships, aircrafts, etc. The main focus of this paper is to study the stability of power converters-based dc microgrids. These high switching frequency electronics are controlled in a way as to maintain constant voltage, current, or power to the load. Due to their high bandwidth, they can be simplified as a constant power load. For this reason, a nonlinear system arises where it is no longer satisfactory to assume local stability. Methods presented in the literature will be reviewed and a method based on semidefinite programming (SDP) will be developed to simplify the stability analysis of these dc microgrids. Furthermore, a robust controller approach based on a similar SDP technique is proposed in order to guarantee and expand the stability region using energy storage.
Multiple-energy micro-CT using multi-layered, multi-color, thin-film scintillators

The optimization of this elemental decomposition task involves exploring a very large parameter space. So far, we have focused on the thicknesses of the detector layers, the type and amount of contrast material, and the energy distribution of the x-ray spectrum. A few key findings make us optimistic that this multi-layer detector scheme will be a successful approach. Firstly, our simulations indicate that with the proper setup, such a detector will provide enough spectral information to get quantitative images of a pair of contrast materials at micron resolution in a reasonable imaging time. This approach could be utilized to achieve faster scan times at the synchrotron by using a high flux “pink” beam instead of the current method of acquiring multiple monoenergetic images, or it could enable spectral micro-CT to be performed with a bench-top system utilizing a micro-focus x-ray tube. Secondly, we have found that the results of optimizing the detector layer thicknesses are very consistent even when the other parameters discussed are varied. This means that it will be possible to develop a single detector that performs well over a wide range of imaging tasks.
Acquiring nutrients from tree leaves: effects of leaf maturity and development type on a generalist caterpillar.

The rapid growth and prolific reproduction of many insect herbivores depend on the efficiencies and rates with which they acquire nutrients from their host plants. However, little is known about how nutrient assimilation efficiencies are affected by leaf maturation or how they vary between plant species. Recent work showed that leaf maturation can greatly decrease the protein assimilation efficiency (PAE) of Lymantria dispar caterpillars on some tree species, but not on species in the willow family (Salicaceae). One trait of many species in the Salicaceae that potentially affects PAE is the continuous (or “indeterminate”) development of leaves throughout the growing season. To improve our understanding of the temporal and developmental patterns of nutrient availability for tree-feeding insects, this study tested two hypotheses: nutrients (protein and carbohydrate) are more efficiently assimilated from immature than mature leaves, and, following leaf maturation, nutrients are more efficiently assimilated from indeterminate than determinate tree species. The nutritional physiology and growth of a generalist caterpillar (L. dispar) were measured on five determinate and five indeterminate tree species while their leaves were immature and again after they were mature. In support of the first hypothesis, caterpillars that fed on immature leaves had significantly higher PAE and carbohydrate assimilation efficiency (CAE), as well as higher protein assimilation rates and growth rates, than larvae that fed on mature leaves. Contrary to the second hypothesis, caterpillars that fed on mature indeterminate tree leaves did not have higher PAE than those that fed on mature determinate leaves, while CAE differed by only 3% between tree development types. Instead, “high-PAE” and “low-PAE” tree species were found across taxonomic and development categories. The results of this study emphasize the importance of physiological mechanisms, such as nutrient assimilation efficiency, to explain the large variation in host plant quality for insect herbivores.
Book Review: Law and Local Knowledge in the History of the Civil Rights Movement - Courage to Dissent: Atlanta and the Long History of the Civil Rights Movement by Tomiko Brown-Nagin, Oxford University Press, 2011

Book Review Essay focusing on Tomiko Brown Nagin's Courage to Dissent: Atlanta and The Long History of the Civil Rights Movement (Oxford University Press, 2012), which assesses recent political science-oriented scholarship that argues that Brown v. Board of Education had little effect on the civil rights movement and was counterproductive in the short term. The review argues that this scholarship is ahistorical and that Courage to Dissent serves as a useful corrective.
Can the C5H5 + C5H5 → C10H10 → C10H9 + H/C10H8 + H2 Reaction Produce Naphthalene? An Ab Initio/RRKM Study

Ab initio and density functional calculations using a variety of theoretical methods (CASSCF, B3LYP, CASPT2, CCSD(T), and G3(MP2,CC)) have been carried out to unravel the mechanism of unimolecular isomerization and dissociation of 9,10-dihydrofulvalene C10H10 (S0) formed by barrierless recombination of two cyclopentadienyl radicals. Different reaction pathways on the C10H10 potential energy surface (PES) are found to lead to the production of 9-H-fulvalenyl radical + H, 9-H-naphthyl radical (a naphthalene precursor) + H, and naphthalene + H2. RRKM calculations of thermal rate constants and product branching ratios at the high pressure limit show that at temperatures relevant to combustion the 9-H-fulvalenyl radical formed by a direct H loss from S0 with endothermicity of 76.3 kcal/mol is expected to be the dominant reaction product. The naphthalene precursor 9,10-dihydronaphthalene (D3) can be produced from the initial S0 adduct by a multistep diradical mechanism involving the formation of a metastable tr...
The presence of microbiota protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced keratitis

The impact of microbiota on ocular immunity is unclear. We report that in health, the presence of microbiota strengthens the ocular innate immune barrier function and promotes resistance to infection. Consistent with this view, Germ-Free mice (GF) on a SW background that are typically resistant to P. aeruginosa -induced keratitis were rendered susceptible by the lack of microbiota. This was exemplified by increased corneal bacterial burden and elevated pathology of the GF when compared to conventionally maintained specific pathogen free SW mice (SPF). The elevated susceptibility correlated with significant decrease in the antimicrobial capacity of neutrophils derived from GF SW against P. aeruginosa (PA). Oral antibiotic treatment of SPF SW reduced the ability of neutrophils to kill PA in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that microbiota-derived cues maintain neutrophil priming in the bone marrow against PA. In contrast, topical antibiotic treatment reduced ocular commensal presence at the conjunctival surface, but did not the resistance to infection, suggesting that microbiota resident at a site different from the ocular mucosal tissue are responsible for neutrophil priming. Consistent with this reconstitutions of GF with mouse or human-derived gut microbiota restored resistance to infectious ocular challenge. To determine the mechanims of commensal priming, RNAseq experiments comparing the phenotype of GF and SPF-derived neutrophils were carried out and showed alterations in type I interferon-dependent gene expression profiles, implicating IFN-dependent pathways in microbiota-dependent neutrophil maturation. Indeed, type I interferon priming of GF mice reconstituted neutrophil bactericidal activities against PA.
Detected exoplanet population distributions found analytically

We present analytical methods for determining the distributions of planetary population parameters which would be detected from an assumed planetary population for a direct imaging instrument. We present detected distributions for projected separation, Δmag, semi-major axis, eccentricity, geometric albedo, and planetary radius. All of these distributions are validated against Monte Carlo simulation. For greater accuracy in Monte Carlo simulation, the number of sampled planets and computational cost must increase. Our analytical methods reduce the computational cost and more accurately determine these functions than Monte Carlo simulations.
Agential Roles of Memory and Grief: Internal and External Works (or Rites)

Chapter 5 shows how memory and grief over wrongs engender positive agency. The chapter notes the limitations of the stages-of-grief model in which the “back-to-normal” state is privileged, rather than allowing remembered loss to positively reorder self-identity. Privileging holding on to loss, the chapter interprets ecclesia as that which is “gathered together” by the grief of victims and survivors. By placing persons who fall/fell outside one’s frames of recognition inside one’s frames of recognition, grief moves persons and positively reorders dominant self-identity. While reordering and transformation of self-identity is the internal work of grief, the reordering and transformation of discriminatory in-group/out-group differences is part of grief’s external work—that which the book calls “rites.”
Employee attachment to workplace: A review of organizational and occupational identification and commitment

This article provides a critical review of four constructs-organizational identification, organizational commitment, occupational identification, and occupational commitment-to advance our understanding about how public sector employees from different occupations may become psychologically attached to their organizations. This review is intended to clarify previous inconsistencies as well as spark new interest among public administration researchers to examine sources and consequences of public employees’ organizational identification and commitment. This article also elucidates about how public sector employees’ attachment to their occupations may influence their attachment to their organizations. In that effort, this article reviews interrelationships among the four constructs. Finally, based on the patterns of connections observed, a future research program including seven testable research propositions is proposed.
Developing religiously-tailored health messages for behavioral change: Introducing the reframe, reprioritize, and reform ("3R") model

Abstract Rationale As community health interventions advance from being faith-placed to authentically faith-based, greater discussion is needed about the theory, practice, and ethics of delivering health messages embedded within a religious worldview. While there is much potential to leverage religion to promote health behaviors and improve health outcomes, there is also a risk of co-opting religious teachings for strictly biomedical ends. Objective To describe the development, implementation, and ethical dimensions of a conceptual model for religiously-tailoring health messages. Method We used data from 6 focus groups and 19 interviews with women aged 40 and older sampled from diverse Muslim community organizations to map out how religious beliefs and values impact mammography-related behavioral, normative and control beliefs. These beliefs were further grouped into those that enhance mammography intention (facilitators) and those that impede intention (barriers). In concert with a multi-disciplinary advisory board, and by drawing upon leading theories of health behavior change, we developed the “3R” model for crafting religiously-tailored health messages. Results The 3R model addresses barrier beliefs, which are beliefs that negatively impact adopting a health behavior, by (i) reframing the belief within a relevant religious worldview, (ii) reprioritizing the belief by introducing another religious belief that has greater resonance with participants, and (iii) reforming the belief by uncovering logical flaws and/or theological misinterpretations. These approaches were used to create messages for a peer-led, mosque-based, educational intervention designed to improve mammography intention among Muslim women. Conclusions There are benefits and potential ethical challenges to using religiously tailored messages to promote health behaviors. Our theoretically driven 3R model aids interventionists in crafting messages that address beliefs that hinder healthy behaviors. It is particularly useful in the context of faith-based interventions for it highlights the ethical choices that must be made when incorporating religious values and beliefs in tailored messages.
Examining Rate Priming on Information Processing

The current study investigated the effect of a musical prime on an individual’s reading rate, reading comprehension, and processing speed. This research further examined if there is a correlation between reading speed and reading comprehension. Music and language primes have been shown to affect processing speed, such that when participants were exposed to a slow prime, language production slows down, and vice versa for fast primes (Jungers, Hupp, & Dickerson, 2016). This effect of priming has been observed in other cognitive capacities such as decision-making (Buelow, Hupp, Porter & Coleman, 2018), suggesting that the rate of prime could change processing speed across domains. The current study sought to further support this theory by testing processing speed in motor movements and reading rate. These domains were measured when participants completed the Purdue Pegboard Task and The Nelson Denny Reading Test after being exposed to 3 minutes of a classical music prime. The musical prime was manipulated to have either a slow or fast tempo. It was observed that there is a positive correlation between reading rate and reading comprehension, but that the rate of prime did not affect processing speed, reading rate, or reading comprehension.
3D model of dispatchable renewable energy for smart microgrid power system

The goal of this research is to model a 3D simulation used to investigate the performance of a distribution management system (DMS) of a smart microgrid system that integrates renewable energy and energy storage. The simulation reads recorded data of power generations and loads and attempts to balance the supply and demand to sustain a stable and high quality electricity system. The 3D model is designed to provide a user-friendly game-like educational STEM learning environment. The model simulates the integration of renewable energy (solar, wind, and hydro), energy storage, loads (industrial, commercial, and residential), and the distribution management system with resilient control [1][2] in the microgrid power system. The DMS performance is measured by a proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controller and analyzed to verify if it can keep the balance of power supply and demand within the allowable limits while sustaining the quality of electricity. This research monitors the frequency of the system as an indicator of the quality of the electricity. The simulation model is implemented using the Unity 3D development platform with C# scripts controlling the algorithms. Users can explore and learn the function of each element in the system by navigating the scenes from a first-person perspective.
Hematopoietic Graft Detected by a Change in ABO Group

A change in blood group was discovered in a group O boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Fifty-six per cent of his red cells were of group AB 6 weeks after he received white cell-rich plasma from a group AB donor with chronic myelogenous leukemia. It is concluded that hematopoietic cells in the peripheral blood of the donor survived and divided in the recipient, and were then rejected 6 weeks after transfusion. Factors favoring the acceptance of the graft, consideration of the type of cell or cells that proliferated, and the relation of this finding to recently published reports of survival of cells containing the Ph1 chromosome are discussed.
Measuring the Odds of Statements Being Faulty

The statistics captured during testing a faulty program are the primary source of information for effective fault localization. A typical ranking metric estimates suspiciousness of executable statements and ranks them according to the estimated scores. The coverage-based ranking schemes, such as the metric used in Tarantula and Ochiai score, utilize the execution profile of each test case, including code coverage and the statistics associated with the number of failing and passing test cases. Although the coverage-based fault localization metrics could be extended to hypothesis testing and in particular to the chi-square test associated with crosstab or known as contingency tables, not all contingency table association metrics are explored and studied.
Release of Substance P from Isolated Guinea Pig Heart

Several investigators have reported that substance P (SP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers are present in the heart and around coronary blood vessels and intracardiac ganglion cells [1–3]. Experiments with capsaicin have provided strong evidence that SP in the heart and coronary vasculature is in primary sensory nerves [4,5]. These SP-containing afferent nerves could be components of pathways mediating cardiac pain and cardiovascular reflexes. Their anatomical localization also supports the suggestion that SP may be released from peripheral sensory nerve endings and affect coronary blood flow and intracardiac ganglia [2,3]. Thusfar, pharmacological studies have shown that SP is a potent coronary vasodilator [1].