cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FRI0172 Long-term follow-up of paediatric patients with positive anti-phospholipid antibodies

Background Long-term outcome data of Anti-Phospholipid syndrome (APLS) in paediatric patient population is very limited. There are no established criteria for making a diagnosis of Paediatric Anti- Phospholipid syndrome (APLS). Adult APLS criteria includes the major criteria of fetal loss, which is not pertinent to the pedriatric population. Objectives To evaluate the clinical outcome of paediatric patients who either had a positive Lupus Anticoagulant (LAC), moderately high titer of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (ACLA) or anti-b2 glycoprotein-1 antibodies on more than one occasion. Methods We identified 19 patients (17 females, 2 males), mean age of disease onset was 11.7 years (range 7–16 years). Patients were followed-up a median of 96 months (range 12–204 months). Results Seven patients had only IgG ACLA, one had only IgM ACLA, two had both IgG and IgM ACLA, one had IgG and IgA ACLA, and one had all three ACLA’s present. One patient had significantly positive LAC and IgM ACLA and four patients had positive results for both anti-β 2 glycoprotein and ACLA. Out of 17 patients, 11 had a diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and 6 patients did not have any other connective tissue disease (CTD) diagnosis. On clinical presentation, 4 patients had headaches (HA), 4 had livedo reticularis, and 8 had both HA and livedo reticularis. At initial presentation, 1 patient had venous thrombosis, 1 had chorea nad one had both arterial and venous thrombosis with no previous CTD diagnosis. One patient with SLE presented with arterial thrombosis. In the follow-up period, one patient had a miscarriage and chose not to become pregnant again. All patients were placed on low-dose aspirin (ASA) [81 mg/d] and hrdroxychloroquine (HCQ) if they had a diagnosis of SLE. Patients who had an event at presentation were treated with warfarin for 6 months and then switched to ASA alone after 6 months. There were no events noted in patients who were treated after their initial presentation to our clinic. Conclusion This long-term follow-up shows that: 1) Livedo reticularis and HA are common initial presentations of APLS, but, 2) Prognosis has been very good with treatment with ASA and HCQ in the paediatric APLS group.
RECURRENT DEFORMITIES IN STABILIZED PARALYTIC FEET

A series of 1100 consecutive foot stabilizations for the correction of deformities associated with residual poliomyelitis has been studied with reference to recurrent deformities. In such recurrences, some form of abnormal muscle pull is the etiological factor most frequently encountered. In order to prevent such secondary manifestations, it is essential that the muscle power on the medial and lateral aspects of the ankle joint be perfectly balanced or completely removed after arthrodesis. Because of the difficulty encountered in estimating exact power in individual muscles, the peroneal and anterior and posterior tibial tendons are now transplanted to the mid-line posteriorly or anteriorly, unless the muscles are known to be completely paralyzed. If transplantation is not needed, the tendons can be excised. The only exception to this is in a cavus deformity, secondary to paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the foot, in which all the long muscles are known to be normal in power. The exact procedure to be used in each instance obviously depends on the "set-up" in the individual foot. Among other etiological factors are associated malformations in the remainder of the extremity. Tibial torsion, knock-knee, and an exaggerated bow in the lower third of the leg are the ones usually seen. In the stabilization of any foot, it should be placed in correct alignment, with the malleoli and the ankle joint without regard to the other deformities. Procedures necessary for the correction of these deformities are then carried out at a later operation in order to establish a satisfactory line of weight-bearing in the extremity as a whole. Four feet have shown recurrences as a result of stabilizations performed at too early an age. These can easily be prevented by waiting until the child is at least eight years of age. If the patient is younger than this, or if the foot is quite small, the presence of an adequate amount of bone should be proved by roentgenograms prior to operation. After recurrent deformities have once developed, they are corrected by restabilization of the foot followed by removal or correction of the etiological factor in order to prevent another such recurrence.
Multiple People Identification Through Walls Using Off-the-Shelf WiFi

In this article, we are interested in through-wall gait-based identification of multiple people who are simultaneously walking in an area, using only the WiFi magnitude measurements of a small number of transceivers. This is a considerably challenging problem as the gait signatures of the walking people are mixed up in the WiFi measurements. In order to solve this problem, we propose a novel multidimensional framework, spanning time, frequency, and space domains, that can separate the signal reflected from each walking person and extract its corresponding gait content, in order to identify multiple people through walls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that WiFi signals can identify multiple people in an area. We extensively validate our proposed system with 92 test experiments conducted in four different areas, where the WiFi transceivers are placed behind walls, and where two or three people (randomly selected from a pool of six test subjects) are walking in the area. Our system achieves an overall average accuracy of 82% in correctly identifying whether a person walking in the test experiment (referred to as a query) is the same as a candidate person, based on 6404 query-candidate test pairs. It is noteworthy that none of the test subjects/areas has been seen in the training phase.
Making music, making language: Minoritized bilingual children performing literacies

This article reframes how the making of music by minoritized bilingual Latinxchildren is interrelated to their languaging and their literacies’ performances.Taking a translanguaging approach, musicking/languaging/performing literacies are described here as holistic critical meaning-making processes. Focusing on the process by which students make meaning of texts, and not simply on the output or product of such meaning-making, this article shows how a music education programme based on El Sistema and designed for social change transforms minoritized children’s critical sense of their positions and subjectivities as producers of language and literacies. Through music education, long considered only an enrichment activity from which language minoritized students are often excluded, bilingual Latinx children are able to crack open a vision for themselves and others as competent, dignified, and valid meaning-makers—as performers of complex acts of language and literacies.
The causes and consequences of a judicialized peace process in Colombia

This article focuses on one striking feature of the Colombian peace process with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People’s Army (FARC): a very high level of judicialization, as shown through the many decisions issued by the Colombian Constitutional Court that have examined core elements of the process. It argues that this high level of judicialization is explained not only by the generally activist role conception of the Court, but also by specific doctrines it developed, including a robust incorporation of international law and an unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine, which essentially made judicialization inevitable. Since these doctrinal devices are spreading, they may portend increasingly judicialized peace processes in other countries as well. Normatively, judicialization of ongoing peace processes raises clear risks, particularly of destabilization. But for the most part, the Colombian Constitutional Court has avoided these risks and instead has stabilized the process in important ways, by insulating it from both international pressure and domestic political shifts. The Court has also injected important values into the process, especially regarding the rights of victims of the internal armed conflict. Thus, the case study demonstrates that at least under certain conditions, judicialization may have a beneficial impact on the substance and durability of peace processes.
Managing cognitive load in information literacy instruction

This study examined how instructional librarians can incorporate principles from cognitive load theory to engage students in research and improve learning outcomes for a common library instructional delivery model. The study employed a between-subjects, quasi-experimental design to compare how instructional sessions would impact information literacy competency and response time, using a dual-task measurement of cognitive load. The results of this study indicated there are limited gains in competency following instruction via this delivery model and participants disengaged from the primary task, indicating a need for future research into motivational design when cognitive capacity is strained.
Unusual presentation of empyema necessitans: case report and review of the literature

Empyema necessitans is characterized by the extension of a pleural empyema into adjacent structures beyond the pleural space. Although rare, it adds significant complications to patients already suffering from pleural empyema. Standard of surgical care has yet to be characterized or described in the literature. Here, we describe the unusual presentation of a 55-year-old man with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus empyema necessitans and outline both our surgical intervention and thoracic reconstruction. We present our case’s presentation, management, and outcome. We then review the literature and describe a multidisciplinary approach for management. Empyema necessitans is a very rare and morbid condition requiring urgent intervention to promote optimal outcomes.
Novel Utilization of Anterior Intrapelvic (Stoppa) Approach for Periacetabular Ganz Osteotomy: A Report of 2 Cases.

CASE The Ganz periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is widely used to correct developmental hip dysplasia in the adolescent and young adult population. The aim of this case study was to examine the novel utility and safety of Stoppa approach for the Ganz PAO in a 15-year-old girl and 25-year-old man. The Stoppa approach is traditionally used for acetabular fractures, and its use for a Ganz PAO is relatively novel. CONCLUSION The Stoppa approach allows surgeons to successfully perform the Ganz PAO while simultaneously providing direct visualization for all osteotomies and vital structures.
Automatic subcortical structure segmentation using probabilistic atlas

Automatic segmentation of sub-cortical structures has great use in studying various neurodegentative diseases. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic solution to this problem through the utilization of a distribution atlas built from a set of training MR images. Our model consists of two major components: a local likelihood based active contour (LLAC) model and a guiding probabilistic atlas. The former has a very strong ability in standing out the structures that are in low contrast with the surrounding tissues. The latter has the functionality of defining and leading the segmentation procedure to capture the structure of interest. Formulated under the maximum a posterior framework, probabilistic atlas for the structure of interest, e.g. caudate, putamen, can be seamlessly integrated into the level set evolution procedure, and no thresholding step is needed for capturing the target.
Isolation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate D-mannitol from Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract A nucleotide-linked sugar isolated from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 has been identified as adenosine 5'-diphosphate d-mannitol on the basis of chemical, enzymatic, and chromatographic analysis. The level of nucleotide was 6 and 10 times higher in two rough mutants than in their smooth parent strain.
Consumer mobility and community tax bases : The financing of local public goods

Abstract In a model of economic ‘clubs’, size is fixed and members consuming a public good raise the question of composition; with whom would they rather consume? This depends on the way collective consumption is financed, and three results are proven With a poll tax, clubs must be homogeneous in income for all to be satisfied With a marginal benefit (Lindahl) tax, no consumer is ever satisfied with any composition; and with an income tax, at least one consumer in each club is always dissatisfied. Satisfaction implies there exists no club composition preferred to the existing one.
Spectral Line Techniques

In this Lecture the techniques of spectral line VLBI are discussed. Spectral line interferometry is the generalized extension of continuum VLBI and as such many of the techniques used are common to both continuum and line analysis; but there are some important differences which is the subject of this lecture.
Andrographolide Ameliorates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression by Inhibiting Inflammatory Cell Infiltration through Downregulation of Cytokine and Integrin Expression

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), characterized by exuberant inflammation and tissue deterioration, is a common aortic disease associated with a high mortality rate. There is currently no established pharmacological therapy to treat this progressive disease. Andrographolide (Andro), a major bioactive component of the herbaceous plant Andrographis paniculata, has been found to exhibit potent anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity in several disease models. In this study, we investigated the ability of Andro to suppress inflammation associated with aneurysms, and whether it may be used to block the progression of AAA. Whereas diseased aortae continued to expand in the solvent-treated group, daily administration of Andro to mice with small aneurysms significantly attenuated aneurysm growth, as measured by the diminished expansion of aortic diameter (165.68 ± 15.85% vs. 90.62 ± 22.91%, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that Andro decreased infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and T cells. Mechanistically, Andro inhibited arterial NF-κB activation and reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines [CCL2, CXCL10, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon-γ] in the treated aortae. Furthermore, Andro suppressed α4 integrin expression and attenuated the ability of monocytes/macrophages to adhere to activated endothelial cells. These results indicate that Andro suppresses progression of AAA, likely through inhibition of inflammatory cell infiltration via downregulation of NF-κB-mediated cytokine production and α4 integrin expression. Thus, Andro may offer a pharmacological therapy to slow disease progression in patients with small aneurysms.
Role of Iron and Sulfur in Pigment and Slime Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Media and an analytical scheme have been developed which allow both a qualitative and quantitative estimation of the formation of pyocyanine, related phenazines, pyorubrin, and a blue and a yellow-green fluorescent pigment by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Use of the defined pyocyanine medium of Frank and DeMoss with sulfate or various organic sulfur sources allowed formation of pyocyanine, related phenazines, and pyorubrin. When sulfite was the sulfur source with or without iron, P. aeruginosa formed either a yellow-green or a blue fluorescent pigment. Formation of fluorescent pigments of P. aeruginosa is related to the ability of sulfite to act as a specific sulfur source. In an investigation of the role of both added iron and sulfur sources, complex patterns of pigment formation were observed. In addition to the fluorescent pigments, sulfite also supported the formation of slime by P. aeruginosa.
Replica Victim Caching to Improve Reliability of In-Cache Replication

Soft error conscious cache design is a necessity for reliable computing. ECC or parity-based integrity checking techniques in use today either compromise performance for reliability or vice versa. The recently-proposed ICR (In-Cache Replication) scheme can enhance data reliability with minimal impact on performance, however, it can only exploit a limited space for replication and thus cannot solve the conflicts between the replicas and the primary data without compromising either performance or reliability. This paper proposes to add a small cache, called replica victim cache, to solve this dilemma effectively. Our experimental results show that a replica victim cache of 4 entries can increase reliability of L1 data caches 21.7% more than ICR without impacting performance, and the area overhead is within 10%.
Real-Time Stream Data Analytics for Multi-purpose Social Media Applications

This paper describes a real-time information integration and analytics system called InXite for multi-purpose applications. InXite is designed to detect evolving patterns and trends in streaming data including social media data (e.g., tweets). InXite comprises of multiple modules including InXite Registration and Dashboard, InXite Real-time Data Streamer, InXite Information Integrator and InXite Analytics Engine each of which is outlined in this document. At present, InXite has been demonstrated for security, marketing and law enforcement applications.
Skewness and Kurtosis Persistence: Conventional vs. Robust Measures

Recently, independent of each other, there has been interest in (i) time-variation in higher-order moments; (ii) idiosyncratic skewness and predictability of skewness in the asset pricing context; and (iii) robust measures of skewness and kurtosis. The second literature questions the usefulness of past skewness as a predictor of future skewness, arguing that skewness may not exhibit strong enough persistence. We look at an intersection of these three literatures and study the persistence (in the time-series) of conventional and robust measures of higher-order moments for eight financial series. Conventional and robust measures, when the moments exist, are highly correlated. Furthermore, robust skewness and kurtosis measures exhibit as much or more persistence as the conventional measures. The results suggest that one could consider robust measures, instead of the conventional measures, in the asset pricing context.
Evaluation of the Single Radial Hemolysis Test for Measuring Hemagglutinin- and Neuraminidase-Specific Antibodies to H3N2 Influenza Strains and Antibodies to Influenza B

Antibodies to the H3 hemagglutinin of influenza A virus could be specifically measured by single radial hemolysis (SRH) when test antigens were recombinant viruses containing the relevant H3 hemagglutinin antigen and irrelevant Neq1 neuraminidase of A/equine/Prague/1/56 virus. Antibodies to influenza B virus could also be measured by the SRH technique. Antibody rises to influenza A or B virus measured by SRH agreed with results of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests for about 80% of the sera tested, including sera from volunteers receiving killed influenza vaccine and sera from patients naturally infected with influenza. Correlation between antibody titers measured by SRH and HI was also good. Antibodies to the N2 neuraminidase of influenza A virus could be specifically measured by SRH when test antigens were recombinant viruses containing the relevant N2 neuraminidase antigen and irrelevant Heq1 hemagglutinin of A/equine/Prague/1/56 virus. The SRH test for neuraminidase antibodies was more strain specific than was the SRH test for hemagglutinin antibodies. Probably for this reason, agreement between neuraminidase antibody determinations in human sera by the SRH test and by the neuraminidase inhibition test was poorer than agreement between the SRH test for hemagglutinin antibodies and the HI test.
Action of alkali metal hydroxides on cotton

The swelling of cotton increased continuously as the concentration of LiOH solution was raised progressively to saturation. In contrast, the swelling of cotton treated with NaOH or KOH leveled off at higher concentrations after increasing initially. The maximum swelling achieved with NaOH was higher than that obtained with LiOH, which was higher than that given by KOH. Accessibility of cotton treated with LiOH solutions, as indicated by sorption ratios, was lower than that of cotton treated with NaOH or KOH solutions of similar concentrations. The level-off degree of polymerization (LODP) of cotton treated with similar concentrations of alkali decreased in the order LiOH, NaOH, KOH. The reactivity, as indicated by acetylation, of cotton treated with alkali metal hydroxides, washed with water, and never dried was measured. At concentrations between 5.5.N and 8.2N, the rate of increase of reactivity was relatively low for cotton treated with NaOH, and no increase was observed for cotton treated with KOH. The reactivity of LiOH-treated cotton continued to increase sharply up to treatment with a saturated solution of the alkali. A limited number of observations were also made on cotton treated with CsOH and RbOH. Accessibility, reactivity, extent of swelling, and LODP values, together with x-ray data, are discussed in relation to the fine structure of the alkali-treated fiber.
Horizontal organization of orientation-sensitive cells in primate visual cortex

In the visual cortex of the monkey the horizontal organization of the preferred orientations of orientation-selective cells follows two opposing rules:(1) neighbors tend to have similar orientation preferences, and(2) many different orientations are observed in a local region. We have described a classification for orientation maps based on the types of topological singularities and the spacing of these singularities relative to the cytochrome oxidase blobs. Using the orientation drift rate as a measure we have compared simulated orientation maps to published records of horizontal electrode recordings.
Carpal fractures in athletes

A review of the literature shows that 3% to 9% of all athletic injuries occur to the hand or wrist. Also, hand and wrist injuries are more common in pubescent and adolescent athletes than adults. Although knee and shoulder injuries are more common athletic injuries, an injury to the hand or wrist significantly can impair the athlete's ability to throw or catch a ball, or swing a bat or racquet. A college football player trains year round for just 11 or 12 hours of playing time. An athletic injury that occurs during the season can have profound consequences for the athlete's career and emotions. When defining a management plan for a particular wrist athletic injury, the time to heal the injury and the time to rehabilitate fully must be considered. The athlete must be informed fully of the length of recovery. The continued advancement of fixation methods and techniques are diminishing fracture morbidity considerably. Small-cannulated compression screws that provide rigid fixation can be inserted with decreased surgical dissection, thus preserving critical vascular supply and promoting accelerated healing and earlier rehabilitation. The arthroscope as a valuable adjunct in the management of wrist fractures was virtually unheard of years ago, but is now common. The ability to arthroscopically guide a cannulated compression screw to stabilize a scaphoid fracture without a formal open volar approach can reduce surgical morbidity significantly and allow the athlete to return to competition more quickly. Mechanisms of injury that cause osseous fractures of the wrist are fairly high energy. A high index of suspicion for associated soft tissue injuries should be kept in mind when fractures of the wrist are identified. The wrist is composed of eight carpal bones tightly interwoven with each other by intrinsic and extrinsic wrist ligaments. The management of carpal fractures depends on prompt diagnosis, stable and anatomic alignment of the involved carpal bone, protective immobilization of the injury, and thorough rehabilitation. Displaced fractures of the hook of the hamate, trapezial ridge fractures, and comminuted pisiform fractures are managed best by early excision to promote uncomplicated recovery and early return to sport. For most athletes, return to competition can be expedited safely with the use of padded gloves and custom playing splints or casts. The sports medicine physician always must put the athlete's safety first when deciding the appropriate time for return to competition.
Oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx

D IAGNOSTIC EVALUATION of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx is primarily done by clinical examination and with endoscopy. Nonetheless, cross-sectional imaging with either computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an indispensable complementary role because it enables one to evaluate the deep structures located beneath the mucosa. Therefore, a close cooperation between the endoscopist and the radiologist is required. Although contrast-enhanced CT may still be considered as the standard modality for most indications, many investigators already consider MRI as the method of choice for the oral cavity and oropharynx. The purpose of this article is to review the current role of cross-sectional imaging in the oral cavity, oropharynx, and hypopharynx with an emphasis on neoplastic disease.
Effect of rapamycin on the cyclosporin A-resistant CD28-mediated costimulatory pathway

The consequences of T-cell activation depend exclusively on costimulation during antigen–T-cell receptor interaction. Interaction between the T-cell coreceptor CD28 and its ligand B7 during antigen-antigen receptor engagement results in full activation of T cells, the outcomes of which are proliferation and effector functions. The ability of CD28 to costimulate the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) explains the importance of this costimulation. The signaling event mediated by CD28 engagement has been proposed to have 2 components: one is sensitive to the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA), and the other one is CsA-resistant. In this report, we demonstrate that the CsA-resistant pathway is sensitive to the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin. Treatment with rapamycin blocked IL-2 production after activation of human peripheral blood T cells with phorbol ester (PMA) and anti-CD28 (CsA-resistant pathway), whereas this drug did not have any effect on PMA plus ionomycin stimulation (CsA-sensitive pathway). The inhibitory effect of rapamycin was on messenger RNA stability and translation, rather than on IL-2 transcription or protein turnover.
Interaction field modeling of mini-UAV swarm

A behavior-based, simple interaction model inspired by molecular interaction field depicted by the Lennard-Jones function is examined for the averaged interaction in swarming. The modeled kinematic equation of motion contains only one variable, instead of a multiple state variable dependence a more complete dynamics entails. The model assumes a spatial distribution of the potential associate with the swarm. The model has been applied to examine the formation of swarm and the results are reported. The modeling can be reflected in an equilibrium theory for the operation of a swarm of mini-UAVs pioneered by Szu, where every member serves the mission while exploiting other's loss, resulting in a zero-sum game among the team members.
Evaluation of Eluents from Separations of CD34+ Cells from Human Cord Blood Using a Commerical, Immunomagnetic Cell Separation System

Human CD34+ cells from cord blood were separated in a two-step process using a commercial, immunomagnetic cell retention system. The performance of the system was evaluated by analyzing a number of eluents from the separations with a number of analytical techniques. In addition to cell counts and flow cytometry analysis, a new experimental technique that is undergoing development, cell tracking velocimetry (CTV), was used. CTV measures the degree to which a cell is immunomagnetically labeled, known as the magnetophoretic mobility, of a population of cells on a cell-by-cell basis and presents the results in the form of a histogram similar to flow cytometry data. The average recovery and purity of CD34+ cells from 10 separations was 52% and 60%, respectively. CTV analysis indicated that the mean magnetophoretic mobility of the positively enriched CD34 cells was 9.64 x 10 -5 mm 3 /T-A-s, while the mean mobility from negative eluents was -2.02 x 10 -6 mm 3 /T-A-s, very similar to the mobility of unlabeled cells. Within the positive eluents, the range of magnetophoretic mobility was approximately 50-fold, representing a plausible 50-fold range in surface CD34 antigen expression. CTV analysis also indicated that in some separations, positive cells were not retained by the immunomagnetic cell retention system. Finally, preliminary studies indicate that monocytes might be a primary cause in the lower purities and recoveries seen in this study. It is suggested that the monocytes phagocytose the magnetic nanobeads and become sufficiently magnetized to be retained within the Miltenyi column, reducing the purity of the positive eluent.
Injective resolutions of some regular rings

Abstract Let A be a noetherian Auslander regular ring and δ the canonical dimension function on A -modules, which is defined as δ(M)=d−j(M) where d is the global dimension of A and j(M) is the grade of M. An A -module is s - pure if δ(N)=s for all its non-zero noetherian submodules N , and is essentially s - pure if it contains an essential submodule which is s -pure. Consider a minimal injective resolution of A as an A -module 0→A→I 0 →I 1 →⋯→I d →0. We say A has a pure (resp. essentially pure ) injective resolution if I i is (d−i) -pure (resp. essentially (d−i) -pure). We show that several classes of Auslander regular rings with global dimension at most 4 have pure or essentially pure injective resolutions.
Effects of temperature on survival and preimaginal development rates of Colorado potato beetle on potato and horse‐nettle: potential role in host range expansion

The effect of temperature on the ability of Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Say) to use horse-nettle (Solanum carolinense L.) as a host plant was determined for larvae from colonies originating from two geographically separated populations, one adapted to horse-nettle (NC) and the other unadapted to horse-nettle (MA). Survival and developmental rate on horse-nettle and potato were measured for larvae from both colonies over a range of constant temperatures (12–30 °C) and one fluctuating temperature regime (22 °C to 30 °C). The ability of Colorado potato beetles to use horse-nettle as a larval host was strongly influenced by temperature, but the effects of temperature differed greatly between beetles from the two colonies. Survival of adapted larvae on horse-nettle was highest and comparable to that on potato at the constant 30 °C and the fluctuating temperature regime. Below 30 °C, survival of adapted larvae decreased drastically but some larvae survived at all temperatures except the lowest (12 °C). In contrast, survival of unadapted larvae to adult occurred only at 30 °C, and was low (10%). At lower temperatures, all larvae died. On potato, the effect of temperature was less dramatic, and consistent across colonies. At 12 °C, survival to adult was poor (ca. 10%), but at higher temperatures, survival increased sharply and larvae from both colonies survived equally well. On potato, small but statistically significant differences in developmental rates between beetle colonies were detected at the constant but not at the fluctuating temperature regimes. Also, the developmental day degree requirements (DD) and the low temperature development threshold (T0) values for the various developmental stages did not differ between colonies on potato. On horse-nettle, development times for both colonies were always significantly longer and DD requirements were greater than on potato. At 30 °C, the only constant temperature at which larvae from the unadapted colony completed development, the development rate to adult emergence was similar to that of beetles from the adapted colony. Differences between colonies in performance on horse-nettle were not a result of host-independent, genetically based differences in the thermal requirements of the two populations. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptation to horse-nettle by Colorado potato beetle may be facilitated by a genotype × environment interaction involving temperature. These findings have important implications for host plant utilization, host range expansion and selection of pest biotypes adapted to plant resistance traits used in crop protection.
Exploiting the Complex Plane: The Moebius Transformation and Vibro-Acoustic Optimization

If a mechanical or acoustical impedance modification is introduced between two positions, the effect of that modification can be plotted in the complex plane at a given frequency. It has been shown that the mechanical or acoustical response will trace a circle in the complex plane for straight-line modifications to impedance in the complex plane. In that case, the equations relating the response to an impedance modification are in a form consistent with the Moebius transformation, which maps straight lines or circles in one complex domain into straight lines or circles in another complex plane. It is demonstrated that the equations for muffler transmission loss and mount insertion loss are in a form consistent with the Moebius transformation for certain design changes. Accordingly, the usefulness of this linear system property will be illustrated for both muffler and mount design.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Dynamic shear band development in plane strain compression of a viscoplastic body containing a rigid inclusion

We study the plane strain thermomechanical deformations of a viscoplastic body containing a rigid non-heat-conducting ellipsoidal inclusion at the center. Two different problems, one in which the major axis of the inclusion is parallel to the axis of compression and the other in which it is perpendicular to the loading axis are considered. In each case the deformations are presumed to be symmetric about the two centroidal axes and consequently deformations of a quarter of the block are analyzed. The material of the block is assumed to exhibit strain-rate hardening, but thermal softening. The applied load is such as to cause deformations of the block at an overall strain-rate of 5000 sec−1. The rigid inclusion simulates the presence of second phase particles such as oxides or carbides in a steel and acts as a nucleus for the shear band. It is found that a shear band initiates near the tip of the inclusion and propagates along a line inclined at 45° to the horizontal axis. At a nominal strain of 0.25, the peak temperature rise near the tip of the vertically aligned inclusion equals 75% of that for the horizontally placed inclusion. The precipitous drop in the effective stress near the inclusion tip is followed somewhat later by a rapid rise in the maximum principal logarithmic strain there.
INVARIANT PATTERN RECOGNITION USING RIDGELET PACKETS AND THE FOURIER TRANSFORM

In this paper, we propose two novel invariant algorithms for pattern recognition by using ridgelet packets and the Fourier transform. Ridgelet packets provide many orthonormal bases that can effectively capture directional features present in pattern images. The Fourier transform is good at eliminating the orientation differences. By combining these two tools, very efficient rotation invariant pattern recognition techniques are created. Experimental results show that the proposed methods achieve very high classification rates and they outperform other state-of-the-art methods for rotation invariant pattern recognition under both noise-free and noisy environments.
Making democratic citizens in Spain: civil society and the popular origins of the transition, 1960–78

Making democratic citizens in Spain: civil society and the popular origins of the transition, 1960–78, by Pamela Beth Radcliff, Basingstoke and New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2011, xviii + 416 pp., ...
Synergism between specific immune globulin and antibiotics in therapy of experimental blastomycosis

Simultaneous administration of immune rabbit gamma-globulin with either nystain or amphotericin B was found to exert a protective action against experimental mouse blastomycosis significantly greater than that which would be expected of an additive effect. The same globulin, however, diminished the protective action of 2-aminostillbamidine. It is suggested that the use in human systemic mycoses of specific globulin together with antifungal antibiotics might result in more effective employment of the latter and a minizing of unfavourable side reactions.
Designing proteins from simple motifs: opportunities in Top-Down Symmetric Deconstruction.

The purpose of this review is to describe the development of ‘top-down’ approaches to protein design. It will be argued that a diverse number of studies over the past decade, involving many investigators, and focused upon elucidating the role of symmetry in protein evolution and design, are converging into a novel top-down approach to protein design. Top-down design methodologies have successfully produced comparatively simple polypeptide ‘building blocks’ (typically comprising 40–60 amino acids) useful in generating complex protein architecture, and have produced compelling data in support of macro-evolutionary pathways of protein structure. Furthermore, a distillation of the experimental approaches utilized in such studies suggests the potential for method formalism, one that may accelerate future success in this field.
MYOSIN FUNCTIONS IN XENOPUS RETINAL GANGLION CELL GROWTH CONE MOTILITY IN VIVO

The role of myosins in Xenopus retinal ganglion cell growth cone motility in the optic tract was studied using two pharmacologic inhibitors with different specificities. 2,3-Butanedione monoxime (BDM) disrupts myosin-actin interactions of all myosins, and ML-7 specifically inhibits activation of myosin II. Both inhibitors caused growth cones to assume a collapsed morphology and decreased growth cone speed. Similar effects were observed in vitro. Interestingly, the effects of the two inhibitors, while similar, were clearly distinguishable, raising the possibility that different myosins may have different functional roles in growth cone motility. BDM caused growth cones to withdraw lamellipodia and some filopodia and eventually to freeze, whereas ML-7 caused total collapse and retraction. Concentrations of BDM and ML-7 that had no effect when applied independently stopped growth cones when applied simultaneously, suggesting that these inhibitors act synergistically on myosin function, thus providing evidence of specificity. These results imply that normal growth cone motility in the molecularly and spatially complex environment of the living brain requires myosin function.
Persistence Factors Associated with First-Year Engineering Technology Learners.

Engineering technology learners are understudied group that comprise the T of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines. Attrition from engineering technology majors is a pr...
Enhanced anticancer properties of lomustine in conjunction with docosahexaenoic acid in glioblastoma cell lines.

OBJECT Glioblastoma is a rapidly infiltrating tumor that consistently rematerializes despite various forms of aggressive treatment. Brain tumors are commonly treated with alkylating drugs, such as lomustine, which are chemotherapeutic agents. Use of these drugs, however, is associated with serious side effects. To reduce the side effects, one approach is to combine lower doses of chemotherapeutic drugs with other nontoxic anticancer agents. In this study, using glioblastoma cell lines, the authors investigated the anticancer effects of lomustine, alone and in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid normally abundant in the brain and known for its anticancer potential. METHODS Cells were cultured from 3 human-derived tumor cell lines (U87-MG, DB029, and MHBT161) and supplemented with either DHA or lomustine to determine the growth inhibitory potential using WST-1, a mitochondrial functional indicator. Human-derived cerebral cortex microvascular endothelial cells s...
Yeast-like intraleukocytic inclusions in a peripheral smear.

![Figure][1] A 17-year-old male with short gut syndrome secondary to Hirschprung disease presented with a 2-week history of night sweats. He had an indwelling central line for total parental nutrition (TPN) supplementation and a history of multiple line infections with a variety of organisms
Comparison of reduced- and full-space algorithms for PDE-constrained optimization

PDE-constrained optimization problems are often solved using reduced-space quasi- Newton algorithms. Quasi-Newton methods are eective for problems with relatively few degrees of freedom, but their performance degrades as the problem size grows. In this paper, we compare two inexact-Newton algorithms that avoid the algorithmic scaling is- sues of quasi-Newton methods. The two inexact-Newton algorithms are distinguished by reduced-space and full-space implementations. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the full-space (or one-shot) inexact-Newton algorithm is typically the most ecient ap- proach; however, the reduced-space algorithm is an attractive compromise, because it requires less intrusion into existing solvers than the full-space approach while retaining excellent algorithmic scaling. We also highlight the importance of using inexact-Hessian- vector products in the reduced-space.
Strategies for automated lidocaine infusion

This paper describes two strategies for automated lidocaine infusion in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. In the first strategy, the drug is administered to achieve a target serum concentration using adaptive control based on sparse concentration measurements. In the second strategy, the drug infusion rate is adjusted using closed-loop control with a goal of reducing the rate of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) to 30 PVCs/hour subject to infusion rate constraints that limit the range of predicted lidocaine serum concentrations during closed-loop control.
Two-year incidence of oral disadvantage, a measure of oral health-related quality of life.

– Dental research has progressed from describing the burden of oral disease using traditional epidemiologic measures of incidence and prevalence, to measuring how oral disease, oral signs, and oral symptoms affect the daily activities and the overall quality of life of the individual. However, longitudinal evaluation of these associations remains rare. Objectives: To (i) describe the 2-year incidence and patterns of oral disadvantage; (ii) identify dimensions of oral health measures that are significant antecedents of oral disadvantage; and (iii) determine which oral health dimensions are the most strongly predictive of oral disadvantage. Methods: The Florida Dental Care Study was a longitudinal study of oral health in diverse groups of persons who at baseline had at least one tooth and were 45 years or older. Incidence rates, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were used to describe oral disadvantage and its relation to other measures of oral health. Results: Nearly one-half of the participants experienced oral disadvantage at least once during 24 months of follow-up. The strongest antecedents associated with oral disadvantage were toothache pain and chewing difficulty. Conclusions: The incidence of oral disadvantage is substantial and consistent with the notion that oral health has a substantial impact on quality of life. Measures of oral pain and oral functional limitation were more strongly predictive of oral disadvantage than disease and tissue damage antecedents.
What do students want socially when they arrive at college? Implications of social achievement goals for social behaviors and adjustment during the first semester of college

This study investigated if the social achievement goals that students endorsed at the beginning of their freshman year were associated with social behaviors and adjustment 6 months later (N = 276; 52% female). Students were recruited from a residential hall and Resident Advisors provided multi-dimensional assessments of students’ social behaviors. A social development goal (a focus on improving social skills and relationships) promoted adjustment, indicated by a positive association with overall social competence. A social demonstration-avoid goal (a focus on avoiding negative judgments) hindered adjustment, indicated by negative associations with overall social competence, popularity and prosocial behavior and positive associations with anxious and internalizing behavior. A social demonstration-approach goal (a focus on gaining positive judgments) had benefits, as shown by positive associations with overall social competence and popularity, and negative associations with anxious behavior, but also drawbacks for adjustment, as shown by a positive association with aggression.
Hiding in plain view: Lesions of the medial temporal lobe impair online representation

The hippocampus is necessary for the normal formation of enduring declarative memories, but its role in cognitive processes spanning short intervals is less well understood. Within the last decade several reports have described modest behavioral deficits in MTL-lesion patients when they perform tasks that do not seem likely to rely on enduring memory. An intriguing but sparsely-tested implication of such results is that the MTL is involved in the on-line representation of information, possibly of an associative/relational nature, irrespective of delay. We administered several tests that simultaneously presented all information necessary for accurate responses to a group of MTL-lesion patients with severe declarative memory deficits but otherwise normal cognition, and to matched brain-damaged and healthy comparison participants. MTL-lesion patients performed less well than either comparison group in the Hooper Visual Organization Test, and several patients performed outside the normal range on the Overlapping Figures Test. A novel follow-up borrowing characteristics of the Overlapping Figures Test revealed impaired identification of novel items by MTL-lesion patients when target items were obscured by distracters, and two additional novel tests of fragmented object identification further implicated the hippocampus/MTL in the integration of information across very brief intervals. These findings suggest that MTL structures including the hippocampus contribute similarly to cognition irrespective of timescale.
Glucocorticoid requirement for tyrosine aminotransferase induction by adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate analogs in somatic cell hybrids.

Abstract The ability of adenosine 3′:5′-cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP) analogs to induce l -tyrosine:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5; TAT) in a rat hepatoma (H35)-rat liver cell (BRL) hybrid (BF5) and a subclone which has lost 29 chromosomes (BF5-1-1) has been analyzed. Cyclic AMP analogs alone were unable to increase TAT activity in either hybrid cell line or in the “normal” liver cells despite three- to fivefold induction of this enzyme in the hepatoma parental cells. In contrast, dexamethasone by itself reproducibly increased TAT activity both in BF5-1-1 cells and in the parental H35 hepatoma cells. Pretreatment of the hybrid cells with dexamethasone revealed a synergistic increase in TAT activity when a cyclic AMP analog was added. From studies of the thermal stability and immunological inhibition of TAT activity, it is concluded that the low basal activity in BRL, BF5, and BF5-1-1 cells represents tyrosine transamination catalyzed by a different aminotransferase, whereas all the induced activity does represent bona fide TAT. The results suggest that functional TAT mRNA may not be present in significant quantities in the hybrid cells in the absence of adrenal steroids and that this could account for the inability of cyclic AMP analogs to exert their presumably translational effect on TAT synthesis.