cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DREDGING OPTIMIZATION OF AN INLET SYSTEM FOR ADJACENT SHORE PROTECTION PROJECTS USING CMS AND GENCADE

St. Johns County encompasses a 24-km beach and inlet system located in northeast Florida (United States) that includes several interconnected Federal Navigation and Shore Protection Projects that must be managed within a regional context to reduce cost, share sediment, and optimize the volume of sand within the littoral system. The objective of this study is to investigate optimal dredging volumes and intervals, and to determine the beach placement volume and renourishment interval to maintain two Shore Protection Projects. The Coastal Modeling System (CMS) was applied to analyze the morphological impact on the sediment dynamics for ebb-tidal delta mining at St. Augustine Inlet over 1.4-year simulations. Results determined that dredging scenarios under 4 Mill cu yd removed did not significantly modify the ebb-tidal delta. The CMS modeling results on sustainable dredging volumes, combined with historical infilling rates, provided constraints with which to develop dredging and beach fill scenarios for GenCade, a 1-D numerical model that predicts shoreline change. GenCade was applied to evaluate sediment management alternatives for dredging intervals of 5, 7 and 10 years, and varying beach fill volumes and placement lengths. Results indicate that imposing a 10-year dredging interval to the navigation project and ebb delta with the maximum dredging quantity of 3 million cubic yards will yield the best performance of the regional projects of St. Johns County. GenCade calculates future sediment budgets for various management scenarios, and can provide an essential benefit in determining optimal dredging periods for coordinated regional efforts to save in mobilization and demobilization costs for dredging and beach fill placement.
An experimental method to estimate the dynamic fracture strength of oil shale in the 103 to 104 s−1 strain rate regime

The simulation of impulse loads produced by radiation-induced material blowoff has been accomplished with magnetically driven flyer plates and magnetic pressure plates. These magnetic loading techniques also have been applied to obtain material properties definition and to study the dynamic fracture of structures. It is the purpose of this study to demonstrate that these laboratory techniques can be applied conveniently to studies on the dynamic response of geologic materials.
Single-walled aluminosilicate nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanocomposite membranes.

The fabrication, detailed characterization, and molecular transport properties of nanocomposite membranes containing high fractions (up to 40 vol %) of individually-dispersed aluminosilicate single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), are reported. The microstructure, SWNT dispersion, SWNT dimensions, and intertubular distances within the composite membranes are characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), XRD rocking curve analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and solid-state NMR. PVA/SWNT nanocomposite membranes prepared from SWNT gels allow uniform dispersion of individual SWNTs in the PVA matrix with a random distribution of orientations. SAXS analysis reveals the length (∼500 nm) and outer diameter (∼2.2 nm) of the dispersed SWNTs. Electron microscopy indicates good adhesion between the SWNTs and the PVA matrix without the occurrence of defects such as voids and pinholes. The tra...
Modification of ataxia telangiectasia cellular radiation sensitivity and resistant dna synthesis by transformation with episomally maintained vectors

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a complex, multisystemic human genetic disease characterized by its extreme cellular radiation sensitivity and resistant DNA synthesis. Using vector mediated gene transfer with a cDNA library from radiation resistant human tumor cells, we have isolated a clone of transformed AT cells in which both resistant DNA synthesis and radiation sensitivity have been corrected to normal human fibroblast levels. Plasmid rescue and polymerase chain reaction amplifications permitted the identification of seven candidate cDNAs present in these transformed cells. The results of these experiments provide a strategy for investigating the molecular factors that affect radiation resistance and those AT cellular defects which may be responsible for the acute radiation sensitivity of AT. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparative Studies of Phase-Cycling Schemes for Multiple π-Pulse Sequences

Abstract Recently, a new phase cycling scheme was introduced by this laboratory for use in biological solid-state NMR experiments involving multiple π-pulses with characteristics that suggested it may enhance the sensitivity of these kind of experiments (Y. Li and J. N. S. Evans, 1995,Chem. Phys. Lett.241,79 and Erratum, 1995,ibid.246,527; Y. Li and J. N. S. Evans, 1996,J. Magn. Reson. B111,296). The new sequence followed the supercycled concept proposed a decade ago for heteronuclear decoupling experiments. In this paper, more detailed experiments demonstrate that the claim of enhanced sensitivity was unfounded, and in fact the supercycle proposed differs little from the established XY-8 and XY-16 based supercycles.
Hormones and liver mitochondria: Effects of growth hormone and thyroxine on respiration, fluorescence of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate and enzyme activities of complex I and II of submitochondrial particles

Abstract The effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent administration of bovine growth hormone (0.1 IU/100 g body wt) and l -thyroxine (5 μg/100 g body wt) on respiration, energization-dependent fluorescence of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate, NADH dehydrogenase, energy-independent nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities were investigated in submitochondrial particles of rat liver. Hormones were injected daily for 7 days. Hypophysectomy decreased the respiratory rate with NADH or succinate and the activities of the three enzymes. Administration of growth hormone increased the respiration but showed selectivity toward NADH. Thyroxine increased the respiration more than growth hormone did with both substrates. Growth hormone increased the activities of NADH dehydrogenase and transhydrogenase whereas thyroxine increased the activity of only succinate dehydrogenase. After growth hormone treatment transhydrogenase activity was increased to about three times that of controls which may have significance in some processes mediated either directly or permissively by growth hormone. When both hormones were injected together, there was a significant decrease in the thyroxine-dependent rise in respiration on succinate as well as the growth hormone-dependent rise in enzyme activities. Fluorescence yield of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate in unenergized submitochondrial particles remained unchanged independent of the hormonal status. Energization with succinate or NADH increased the fluorescence yield by about 2–20 times. Several parameters of energizationdependent fluorescence were decreased after hypophysectomy. In restoring these parameters, growth hormone and thyroxine showed specificity toward the energization substrate NADH and succinate, respectively. From the present results we conclude that (a) growth hormone and thyroxine regulate mitochondrial activity by affecting different segments of the respiratory chain, namely Complex I and Complex II, respectively, and (b) growth hormone and thyroxine exert moderating effects on one another.
Drug distribution for a large crossover trial of the safety of inactivated influenza vaccine in asthmatics

We report on the drug packaging, masking, and distribution procedures for a large double-masked, randomized, controlled, crossover trial. The Study of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Asthmatics was performed to evaluate whether influenza vaccination was safe for asthmatics. Nineteen clinical centers enrolled 2032 participants from 15 September to 30 November 2000. The participants were assigned individual kits with two syringes (placebo and vaccine); the order of injection was randomly assigned. All participants enrolled in the trial received the first injection and 2009 participants received the second injection. Five participants received their injections in the wrong order; we have no evidence that any participant received an injection from the wrong kit. Challenges faced by the trial were a manufacturing shortage of vaccine, the lack of a commercially available placebo, short time periods for planning and startup, and a diverse set of clinical centers. Utilizing individual syringe kits, using the same identification for patient, kit, and drug assignment, and dispensing drug from a central facility helped to successfully meet these challenges.
Low-heater-power cathodes (0.1 to 0.6 watts)

A complete heat-balance is given for a unique tripod-supported cathode which is presently being used in special-purpose Image Orthicons, Vidicons, and other camera tubes. Design curves are given in terms of system parameters such as shape factors, conductivities, emissivities, heater-to-lead length ratios, and radiation-shield spacings. Typical data on cathode emission vs. heater-power input are given. Filament design curves are given in terms of surge current, wire diameter, wire length, operating temperature, voltage, and power, for pure tungsten, 3% and 20% rhenium tungsten.
Displacement measurement that uses transient photoelectromotive force effects in CdTe:V with frequency-modulated lasers

A new method of displacement measurement that uses the transient photoelectromotive force effects that arise in semiconductors illuminated by two frequency-modulated lasers is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. A height resolution of 0.85 µm was achieved experimentally; theoretical analysis charts the path toward eventual improvement of this resolution.
Implications of hypoxia on the North Branch of the Kawkawlin River

Abstract The North Branch of the Kawkawlin River, a Saginaw Bay tributary, is frequently in a state of non-attainment of the Michigan standard for dissolved oxygen (5 mg/L), as documented in a Total Maximum Daily Load issued by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality in 2007. Analysis of a reach of the North Branch of the Kawkawlin River during the summers of 2011 and 2012 revealed conditions that can adversely affect fish habitat and water quality. Dissolved oxygen levels were found to be below 2 mg/L during summer months, which is too low to sustain warm water fish species. Furthermore, benthic invertebrates were nearly nonexistent in the hypoxic reach of the river. On average, water samples from the river channel near a riparian wetland in the hypoxic reach exhibited unusually low pH (~ 7), low D.O. (
A Biomechanical Comparison of Four Fixation Methods of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis

A simulated metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis was performed on 18 pairs of cadaveric great toes. One toe of each pair was fixed with a 4.0-mm oblique AO cancellous screw. The contralateral toe ...
Study design considerations in clinical outcome research of lung cancer using microarray analysis.

Abstract Background: Prognosis following a diagnosis of primary lung cancer is very poor and varies significantly even after adjusting for known predictors. Inherent and acquired gene alterations could cause failure in lung cancer treatment and patient survival. To search for potential molecular markers with significant and independent predictive value in lung cancer survival, we applied oligo-nucleotide microarray analysis, along with patients' phenotypic profile, in a case–control study. The focus of this report is on the methodology used in the identification of potential genes as prognostic factors. Methods: Selected from 304 patients at Mayo Clinic, 18 stage I squamous cell lung cancer patients who died within 2 years (high-aggressive) or lived beyond 5 years (low-aggressive) were included in this study. Both a one-to-one matched design (paired) and a two-group design (grouped) were utilized. Matching variables were age, gender, tumor size and grade, smoking status, and treatment. Two-GeneChip ® -array sets from Affymetrix (HG-U133) were used. We applied multiple analytic approaches including Dchip (Harvard University), SAM (Stanford University), ArrayTools (US National Cancer Institute), and MAS5 (Affymetrix); and integrated multiple results to generate the final candidate genes for further investigation. We evaluated the consistency across the methods and the effects of matched versus grouped design on the results. Results: Using the same pre-processed data under the same criteria for type I error and fold-change in expression intensity, results are 94–100% concordant in the list of significant genes by Dchip and by ArrayTools, and 53% concordant between the paired and the grouped analysis. If using differently pre-processed data, the concordance rate is under 6% even by the same analytic tool. Combining results from all analyses, we found 23 potentially important genes that may distinguish the high- versus low-aggressive squamous cell tumors of the lung. Conclusion: Given the generally low consistency of results across analytic algorithms and study design, poor agreement is expected from different investigators reporting candidate genes for the same endpoint. A well-designed study with a carefully planned analytic strategy is critical. We are in the process of validating the 23 preliminary candidate genes found from this study among independent yet comparable cases.
Integrated in situ monitoring of a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy reactor for II–VI epitaxy

The focus of this paper is the integrated use of system and wafer monitors to obtain a complete picture of the growth process and to identify the major causes of variance. In situ monitoring of a growing layer of Hg1-xCdxTe using laser reflectometry has been compared with the outputs of various system monitors such as pyrometer, organometallic concentration, and flow. Differences between the expected and measured concentrations were corrected by initially adjusting the organometallic flows, and the remaining variance in CdTe interdiffused multilayer process layer thickness was then corrected by increasing the CdTe cycle time. The remainder of the layer gave a homogenized alloy composition of 0.256 for a target value of 0.258. This example shows how different in situ monitors have been integrated to give a comprehensive picture of the growth process, which were then related to known kinetic behavior. As a result of this monitoring, it was possible to identify critical parameters for control.
Protein kinase C phosphorylation at Thr 654 of the unoccupied EGF receptor and EGF binding regulate functional receptor loss by independent mechanisms

To test the functional consequence of phosphorylation of the EGF receptor at Thr 654 by protein kinase C, the normal Thr 654 human EGF receptor cDNA or a mutant encoding an Ala 654 were expressed in heterologous cells. In cell lines expressing both the Thr 654 and Ala 654 receptors, functional cell-surface Thr 654 receptors were reduced or were totally lost, but were not degraded, following activation of protein kinase C by phorbol esters (TPA), whereas Ala 654 receptors were unaffected. These data suggest that protein kinase C regulates ligand-independent receptor binding and internalization via phosphorylation of Thr 654 of the EGF holoreceptor. Because EGF induces internalization and degradation of the Ala 654 EGF receptor, at least two independent mechanisms can serve to signal loss of functional EGF receptors.
Immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in healthcare workers occupationally exposed to HIV-contaminated blood

Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does not necessarily induce infection or seroconversion defined by standard criteria based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western Blot, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, but it can induce HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses. Healthcare workers (HCWs) occupationally exposed to HIV represent a unique population with low-level exposure to HIV for whom time and type of exposure are specifically recorded. Although the frequency of seroconversion in HCWs occupationally exposed to HIV contaminated body fluids is relatively low, a higher proportion of HIV-exposed HCWs seem to exhibit in vitro cellular responses to HIV envelope peptides. Our findings indicate that parenteral exposure to HIV can induce cell-mediated immune responses in the absence of seroconversion. The significance of these responses is not known, but it is possible that the low incidence of HIV infection after exposure might be due, in part, to a protective cellular immune response to low HIV inocula.
Accelerated recovery from immune-mediated thrombocytopenia with plasmapheresis

Abstract Autoimmune thrombocytopenia unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy developed in a 16-year-old female with long-standing Sjogren's syndrome. Serial plasma exchange caused a linear decrease in platelet antibody titer associated with a concomitant rise in platelet count. Statistical analysis of sequential platelet counts revealed an increase with plasmapheresis and immunosuppression that was significantly greater than that achieved with immunosuppression alone (p
Left ventricular pseudotumor: A two-dimensional echocardiographic sign of aortic insufficiency

A left ventricular, mass-like echocardiographic density (a pseudotumor), present only during diastole and not attached to any intracardiac structure, was present in 77 of 1,820 consecutive 2-dimensional echocardiograms performed with a rotating-head transducer. Evaluation of the patients with a pseudotumor demonstrated that aortic insufficiency of mild to moderate degree was the most commonly associated lesion. Of the 61 patients with aortic insufficiency in our series, 69% had a left ventricular pseudotumor. Of the cases with a pseudotumor and aortic insufficiency, none had severe aortic insufficiency. Of the 1,759 patients without aortic insufficiency, a left ventricular pseudotumor was present in 2%. In our series, the sensitivity of left ventricular pseudotumor for aortic insufficiency was 69% and the specificity was 98%.
Effect of cytokinins on tobacco mosaic virus production in local-lesion and systemic hosts

Abstract When Nicotiana glutinosa leaves, immediately after inoculation with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were floated on 0.1–20 mg/l of kinetin (K), kinetin riboside (KR), N 6 -benzyladenine (BAD), N 6 -benzylaminopurine (BAP), or N 6 -isopentenyladenosine (IPA), lesion formation was inhibited but virus production was stimulated. In Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Pinto (another local-lesion host), however, K, KR, and IPA severely, and BAP or BAD to a lesser extent, inhibited lesion formation and virus production. In addition, BAD caused a substantial increase in lesion size whereas IPA and BAP reduced the lesion size. When TMV-inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Wisconsin 38 and of Nicotiana rustica (two systemic hosts) were treated with the cytokinins, virus production was stimulated with all cytokinins except KR, which inhibited virus production in N. rustica . No consistent effect of cytokinins on chlorophyll retention in healthy or virus-infected leaves from the plants was noted. These results show that the effect of cytokinins on viruses appears to be very specific and may depend on particular host, virus system, cytokinin and its concentration, and other factors.
Structure/function relationships of retinal ganglion cells in the cat

Intracellular recording and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) iontophoresis was used to define structure/function relationships for single retinal ganglion cells in the intact cat eye. Fifteen physiologically characterized cells were labeled as follows. Five W-cells had gamma morphology, 6 X-cells had beta morphology, and 1 Y-cell had alpha morphology, and these relationships support earlier conclusions. However, one cell could not be physiologically classified despite beta morphology, one X-cell was not a beta cell, and one Y-cell was not an alpha cell. Whether these unusual structure/function relationships represent an artifact of methodology or complications to be added to prevailing notions requires further study.
Using a Light-Activated Culture Matrix to Determine the Microenvironmental Cues that Initiate Breast-Cancer Tumor Metastasis

Many types of gels (e.g. collagen, alginate, matrigel, hyaluronate, and polyacrylamide) are currently being employed to study how cells interact with their environment. The mechanical and chemical properties of these gels are established by the degree of polymer crosslinking and the ECM proteins covalently attached to the matrix using bifunctional crosslinkers, respectively. Once synthesized, these gels have static mechanical and chemical properties that cannot be changed. Thus, they cannot be used to study how evolving microenvironmental conditions affect cell behavior and signalling. Furthermore, because of how the gels are synthesized, removal of cells for analysis is usually not feasible. Here, we describe a light-activated culture matrix for studying how cells adapt to dynamic microenvironmental conditions. Using a reversible, light-mediated interaction to crosslink biocompatible polymers (e.g. PEG or PVA), we can synthesize, reversibly and controllably, a 3D-culture environment whose mechanical and chemical properties can be modulated with near-IR light. By employing light that is not phototoxic to the cells, we can quickly decompose the gel, thereby releasing the cells for immediate analysis. We are employing this dynamically controllable culture matrix to investigate how microenvironmental cues facilitate tumor progression in breast cancer. In particular we are investigating the role of the microenvironment in controlling the behavior (e.g. quiescence vs tumor initiation and proliferation) of CD24-/CD44+ tumor-initiating cells.
Some topological properties of star connected cycles

Abstract Star connected cycles are shown to be an undirected Cayley graph, and the graph automorphism group is determined. A routing algorithm is given, which finds an optimal path in polynomial time. The diameter and tight bounds on the average distance are computed.
The Ultrastructure of Chaenea teres and an Analysis of the Phylogeny of the Haptorid Ciliates

Chaenea teres has typical haptorid ultrastructure. The somatic monokinetid has two transverse microtubular ribbons, an overlapping postciliary microtubular ribbon, and a laterally directed kinetodesmal fiber. The evered cytopharynx forms a dome at the apical end of the cell. The base of the dome is surrounded by oral dikinetids. The left, anterior kinetosome of the oral pair is not ciliated and has a transverse microtubular ribbon, a nematodesmata and a single postciliary microtubule. The right, posterior kinetosome is ciliated and has only postciliary microtubules. The kinetosomes at the anterior ends of the somatic kinetics are close together and their transverse microtubules and nematodesmata contribute to the support of the cytopharynx. The transverse microtubules of these oralized somatic kinetosomes, together with those from the oral dikinetids, line the cytopharynx. Accessory or bulge microtubules arise perpendicular to the transverse microtubules. A dorsal brush of three kineties of clavate cilia is found on the cell surface just posterior to the oral region. Mucocysts and a single type of toxicyst are present. The toxicysts are confined to the oral region. There are multiple ovoid macronuclei that stain weakly. Micronuclei were not observed. Cladistic analysis indicates the Chaenea may be most closely related to Fuscheria and Acropisthium. The cladistic analysis also suggests that existing taxonomies of the subclass Haptoria need to be revised. We propose some modifications to Foissner & Foissner's classification that include transferring Helicoprorodon, Actinobolina, the buetschiliids, and the balantidiids to the order Haptorida and recognizing the close relationship between pleurostomes and spathidiids.
Effect of ionic interactions on the rates of oxidation of Cu(I) with O2 in natural waters

Abstract The oxidation of Cu(I) in seawater and NaCl solutions has been measured as a function of pH, temperature, ionic strength and the presence of various ions. The strong Cl dependence of the rates has been attributed to the effect of temperature and ionic strength on the oxidation of Cu and CuCl° species. At a fixed Cl concentration, the addition of Mg2- causes the rate to decrease and the addition of HCOo causes the rate to increase. The possible causes of these effects are dicussed. The results are used to derive a rate equation valid for most natural waters from 0 to 50°C, I=0−6 M and pH=6−9.
New technique for degenerate two-photon absorption spectral measurements using femtosecond continuum generation

We present a new technique for direct measurements of degenerate two-photon absorption (TPA) spectra of two-photon absorbing materials including non-fluorescent samples. This technique is based on the use of an intense single continuum-generation beam as the coherent white-light source with specially flattened spectral distribution. The different spectral components of the continuum beam are spatially dispersed and then passed through the sample material along different pathways so that nondegenerate TPA processes among different input spectral components can be avoided. By comparing the input and transmitted continuum spectral distributions, the TPA spectrum for a given sample can be obtained. As an example, the continuous TPA spectrum (from 550 to 1000 nm) is measured for a novel two-photon-absorbing compound (AF-389) which exhibits an extremely high TPA cross-section value of ~1×10-20 cm4/GW, or ~249 GM, around ~800-nm spectral range in femtosecond regime.
Mercury Analysis in Environmental Samples by Cold Vapor Techniques

The accurate, precise, and automated determination of mercury in biological and environmental samples is complex, not only because of the various oxidation states of mercury (i.e. 0, I and II), but also because of biotic and abiotic methylation and the volatility of several forms of mercury(I and II). Mercury is unique among the metals because of its large vapor pressure at ambient conditions. Mercuric ions in solution can be reduced by tin(II), or sodium borohydride to produce volatile elemental mercury, referred to as the cold vapor process. The mercury is swept out of solution with a carrier gas (in the gas of sodium borohydride, the byproduct is hydrogen) into the cell (or torch) where the atomic absorption (or fluorescence, or emission) is measured. The cold vapor technique removes the mercury from the sample matrix, concentrates the mercury in the analytical sample into a small plug of carrier gas, and provides for a relatively long residence time. Detection limits vary depending on the instrument but are in the submicrogram to nanogram per liter range for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICPAES).
Transurethral resection specimens of the bladder: outcome of invasive urothelial cancer involving muscle bundles indeterminate between muscularis mucosae and muscularis propria.

OBJECTIVES Thin muscle fibers on transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) can represent either muscularis propria destroyed or splayed by urothelial carcinoma or muscularis mucosae, which can be hyperplastic. METHODS The data from 94 patients with invasive bladder cancer seen at our institution (1986-2008) with a mean of 25.4 months of follow-up, who had had an uncertain pathologic diagnosis, were analyzed (72 men and 22 women, mean age 69.4 years). RESULTS Subsequent restaging TURB or a definitive therapeutic procedure performed ≤3 months after the original TURB in 57 patients revealed that 22 patients (38.6%) had nonmuscle-invasive disease and 32 (56.1%) had Stage pT2 or greater disease. The staging for 3 patients remained ambiguous. Of the 94 patients, 37 did not undergo a restaging/therapeutic procedure within 3 months of their original TURB. CONCLUSIONS Restaging TURB is critical when the initial TURB findings are equivocal for muscularis propria invasion. Although this might seem intuitive, 37 of 94 patients did not undergo repeat staging/therapeutic procedures within 3 months of their initial TURB.
Dietary Behaviors of a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of Overweight and Obese Californians

Objectives. To examine racial/ethnic differences in the dietary behaviors of overweight or obese adults using the 2007 California Health Interview Survey. Method. Data were obtained from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey, a population-based sample of noninstitutionalized adults in California. The sample included 26,721 adults aged 18 years and older whose body mass index status indicated that they were overweight or obese (body mass index ≥ 25), with 19,264 non-Hispanic White; 1,749 African American/Black; 1,616 Asian/Pacific Islander; and 4,092 Latino respondents. Respondents were compared with regard to consumption of five categories of food: fruits, vegetables, French fries, soft drinks, and fast-food. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine racial/ethnic differences in dietary behaviors, with and without adjustment for age, gender, nativity, marital status, education, income, and food insecurity. Results. The findings suggested there were significant racial/ethnic differe...
Thank You to JCM Peer Reviewers for 2011 and 2012.

This article recognizes editorial board members and peer reviewers who completed manuscript reviews for the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine in 2011 and 2012.
Lateral compression and visibility in cladocerans

A simple mathematical model suggests that lateral compression affects a cladoceran’s visibility to fish. The results of a simple test using the lengths and widths of cladocerans suggest that handling by copepods probably does not exert any significant selection on lateral compression in cladocerans, but fish gill rakers and visibility to fish might result in such selection.
Temporary transvenous cardiac pacing in the critical care setting

T emporary cardiac pacing in the critical care sethng is a safe intervention which can provide life-saving therapy in a variety of clinical situations. The transvenous route involving internal jugular, subelavian, or femoral venous puncture has gained popularity for both emergent and semi-elective procedures. Although right ventricular pacing is most commonly employed, technology is available to permit temporary right atrial and dual chamber ‘� Transesopha
The production in the rabbit of hypersensitive reactions to lens, rabbit muscle and low ragweed extracts by the action of staphylococcus toxin☆

Abstract By combining staphylococcus toxin with lens substance rabbits have been sensitized to lens and have developed high precipitin titers for this substance. The clinical and histologic appearance of the eyes of such sensitive rabbits after needling duplicates the picture found in human cases of endophthalmitis phaco-anaphylactica, a disease suspected of being due to an allergic reaction to lens substance. Staphylococcus toxin produced in rabbit muscle broth has sensitized the rabbit to the broth alone. Such rabbits show an altered reactivity to trauma which may be due to the animal's reaction to substances in the tissues which are liberated by the trauma and which are also contained in the broth to which the animal is reactive. Staphylococcus toxin combined with low ragweed extract produces precipitins for low ragweed extract in the rabbit. Dusting with low ragweed pollen causes anaphylactic-like symptoms in such rabbits.
Does the phase of menstrual cycle affect MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery of uterine leiomyomas?

Abstract Purpose To determine whether the phase of menstrual cycle at the time of MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) treatment for uterine leiomyomas affects treatment outcome. Methods We enrolled all patients participating in a prospective phase III clinical trial from our center who completed 6 months of clinical and imaging follow-up. Patients with irregular cycles and those on oral contraceptives were excluded. Data prospectively documenting the date of the last menstrual period (LMP) at the time of treatment, length and duration of cycle, and raw symptom severity score (SSS) from the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire, at baseline and 6 months were collected. Proliferative phase patients were determined retrospectively as those who were treated within less than 14 days from LMP; secretory phase patients were classified as those who were treated greater than 14 days from LMP. Results A total of 58 patients were enrolled. There was no significant difference in the mean SSS at baseline and mean SSS at 6 months between patients treated in the proliferative versus secretory phase of the cycle. No significant difference in the SSS change from baseline to 6 months was seen between the two groups. Conclusions Menstrual cycle phase does not influence MRgFUS treatment outcome. Symptomatic improvement occurs with treatment during either phase of the menstrual cycle. Thus, the scheduling of MRgFUS treatment need not be based upon the phase of the menstrual cycle.
Combining docking with pharmacophore filtering for improved virtual screening

Virtual screening is used to distinguish potential leads from inactive compounds in a database of chemical samples. One method for accomplishing this is by docking compounds into the structure of a receptor binding site in order to rank-order compounds by the quality of the interactions they form with the receptor. It is generally established that docking can be reasonably successful at generating good poses of a ligand in an active site. However, the scoring functions that are used with docking are typically not successful at correctly ranking ligands according to binding affinity or even distinguishing correct poses of a given ligand from incorrect ones. We have developed a simple method for reducing the number of false positives in a virtual screen, meaning ligands which are scored highly by the docking program but do not bind well in reality. This method uses a docking program for pose generation without regard to scoring, followed by filtering with receptor-based pharmacophore searches. We applied it to three test-case targets: neuraminidase A, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and the C1 domain of protein kinase C. The pharmacophore filtering method can perform better than more traditional docking + scoring methods, and allows the advantages of both docking-based and pharmacophore-based approaches to virtual screening to be fully realized.
Master/slave computing on the Grid

Resource selection is fundamental to the performance of master/slave applications. In this paper, we address the problem of promoting performance for distributed master/slave applications targeted to distributed, heterogeneous "Grid" resources. We present a work-rate-based model of master/slave application performance which utilizes both system and application characteristics to select potentially performance-efficient hosts for both the master and slave processes. Using a Grid allocation strategy based on this performance model, we demonstrate a performance improvement over other selection options for a representative set of master/slave applications in both simulated and actual Grid environments.
Shaping the Dream: A Survey of Post-World War II St. Petersburg, 1946-1963

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Liberal Arts, Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg
Acetylation-defective mutants of Pparγ are associated with decreased lipid synthesis in breast cancer cells

// Lifeng Tian 1 , Chenguang Wang 1 , Fred K. Hagen 2 , Michael Gormley 1 , Sankar Addya 1 , Raymond Soccio 3 , Mathew C. Casimiro 1 , Jie Zhou 1 , Michael J. Powell 1 , Ping Xu 4 , Haiteng Deng 5 , Anthony A. Sauve 4 and Richard G. Pestell 1 1 Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA 3 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, and The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 4 Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, York Avenue LC216, New York, NY, USA 5 Proteomics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA Correspondence: Richard G. Pestell, email: // Chenguang Wang, email: // Keywords : acetylation; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ); nuclear receptors; silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1); lipogenesis. Received : JULY 18, 2014 Accepted : August 18, 2014 Published : August 19, 2014 Abstract In our prior publications we characterized a conserved acetylation motif (K(R)xxKK) of evolutionarily related nuclear receptors. Recent reports showed that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deacetylation by SIRT1 is involved in delaying cellular senescence and maintaining the brown remodeling of white adipose tissue. However, it still remains unknown whether lysyl residues 154 and 155 (K154/155) of the conserved acetylation motif (RIHKK) in Pparγ1 are acetylated. Herein, we demonstrate that Pparγ1 is acetylated and regulated by both endogenous TSA-sensitive and NAD-dependent deacetylases. Acetylation of lysine 154 was identified by mass spectrometry (MS) while deacetylation of lysine 155 by SIRT1 was confirmed by in vitro deacetylation assay. An in vivo labeling assay revealed K154/K155 as bona fide acetylation sites. The conserved acetylation sites of Pparγ1 and the catalytic domain of SIRT1 are both required for the interaction between Pparγ1 and SIRT1. Sirt1 and Pparγ1 converge to govern lipid metabolism in vivo. Acetylation-defective mutants of Pparγ1 were associated with reduced lipid synthesis in ErbB2 overexpressing breast cancer cells. Together, these results suggest that the conserved lysyl residues K154/K155 of Pparγ1 are acetylated and play an important role in lipid synthesis in ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells.
Single-leg-stance (flamingo) radiographs to assess pelvic instability: how much motion is normal?

Background: Chronic pelvic instability is a relatively uncommon cause of pelvic and low-back pain. Patients present with feelings of instability and mechanical symptoms. Static radiographs are often inadequate to detect abnormal relative motion between the hemipelves consistent with chronic pelvic instability; dynamic views of the pelvis are required. We assessed the amount of physiologic motion present at the pubic symphysis in normal adult men and nulliparous and multiparous women with alternating-single-leg-stance radiographs. Methods: Forty-five asymptomatic adult volunteers (fifteen in each group) were evaluated with a standing anteroposterior pelvic radiograph as well as with anteroposterior pelvic radiographs made with the subjects assuming both right and left single-leg stance. The subjects completed a questionnaire to determine their eligibility for participation in the study, and an examination was performed to exclude certain physical anomalies that might alter the radiographic findings. Results: The mean total translation (and standard deviation) at the pubic symphysis, as measured by three blinded observers, was 1.4 ± 1.0, 1.6 ± 0.8, and 3.1 ± 1.5 mm for the men, nulliparous women, and multiparous women, respectively. With the numbers available, we found no significant difference between the translation in the men and that in the nulliparous women (p = 0.63). The multiparous women had significantly more translation than did either the nulliparous women (p = 0.002) or the men (p = 0.0005). There was a significant positive association between the number of pregnancies and the total translation (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The use of anteroposterior pelvic radiographs made with the subject alternating between right and left single-leg stance demonstrated, with high interobserver reliability, that multiparous women had a significantly different physiologic range of pubic translation as compared with men and nulliparous women. The ranges of physiologic motion at the pubic symphysis measured on the single-leg-stance radiographs in this study can be used to identify pathologic amounts of motion at this site. Clinical Relevance: This investigation suggests that up to 5 mm of physiologic motion can occur at the pubic symphysis in asymptomatic individuals, as demonstrated by alternating-single-leg-stance radiographs.
Exploring new product development decisions and risk tolerance in complex environments

Managing the search for innovative new products is commonly regarded as a key source of competitive advantage, especially in complex new product development (NPD) environments. At the same time, Kauffman's NK model of complexity has gained growing acceptance in the management science literature as a means to model complex decision processes, such as NPD, in which there are conflicting constraints that often lead organizations to arrive at locally optimal decisions. Previous articles employing the NK model have assumed (1) that organizations can explore possible innovations with perfect knowledge (at no cost) before committing resources to an implementation and (2) that organizations only implement changes that result in higher levels of fitness. Little is known about how relaxing these somewhat unrealistic assumptions may affect the search for innovative new products. This article begins a systematic exploration of how varying degrees of risk tolerance affect overall performance of the innovation search process. The primary contributions of this paper are (1) to cast and synthesize the challenge of innovation management in the context of complexity science (2) to introduce a model of innovation search, incorporating risk tolerance and cost-performance tradeoff measures and (3) to report results observed from the model and discuss possible implications for the management of innovation.
ENZYMATIC POLYMERIZATION OF PHENOLS IN ROOM TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS

Soybean peroxidase (SBP) was used to catalyze the polymerization of phenols in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Phenolic polymers with number average molecular weights ranging from 1200 to 4100 D were obtained depending on the composition of the reaction medium and the nature of the phenol. Specifically, SBP was highly active in methylimidazolium-containing RTILs, including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM(BF(4))), and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BMPy(BF(4))) with the ionic liquid content as high as 90% (v/v); the balance being aqueous buffer. Gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF analysis indicated that higher molecular weight polymers can be synthesized in the presence of higher RTIL concentrations, with selective control over polymer size achieved by varying the RTIL concentration. The resulting polyphenols exhibited high thermostability and possessed thermosetting properties.
Techniques for improving engineering productivity of VLSI designs

The ability of the semiconductor industry to produce chips with higher and higher circuit densities has created a challenge for the product designer: to utilize this capacity and still develop chips rapidly at reasonable cost. A multi-faceted approach to VLSI design is described that significantly reduces product development time and resource from those required with existing methods. This approach is based on the use of PLA structures or macros. It consists of a hardware/ software modeling technique, use of laser-personalizable PLAs for rapid modeling of PLA macros, and a method for repairing design errors (that may hide other errors) on the actual VLSI wafers with a laser tool. A two-pass VLSI design is therefore highly probable.
Fast Estimation of Total Quality Factor of Photonic Crystal Slab Cavities

We propose a fast numerical method to evaluate total quality factor of photonic-crystal-slab-based donor-like micro- cavity. Substantive computations and time are saved by two dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2D-FDTD) and 3d plane-wave expansion (PWE) technique instead of full 3D-FDTD. In-plane quality factor and mode of cavity are calculated simultaneously by 2D-FDTD technique with 3d-to-2d effective index method (EIM). The effective index is computed based on the effective index perturbation (EIP) method [1], which assures the coherence of the cavity mode from 3D-FDTD and 2D-FDTD. Out-plane quality factor, scattering loss in direction perpendicular to the plane, is estimated by near-field scattering method [2, 3] based on the calculated 2d cavity mode and an approximation that electromagnetic field profile in out-plane direction is as same as mode of 2d infinite slab. The time consume for each cavity is less than an hour. By repeating the cavity geometry tuning in the silicon triangle silicon photonic crystal slab micro-cavity reported by Yoshihiro and Takashi [4, 5], good match of quality factors of our technique and 3D-FDTD has been proved. Finally, optimized quality factor of photonic crystal slab with low contrast cladding are reported.
Generalization in Interactive Networks: The Benefits of Inhibitory Competition and Hebbian Learning

Computational models in cognitive neuroscience should ideally use biological properties and powerful computational principles to produce behavior consistent with psychological findings. Error-driven backpropagation is computationally powerful and has proven useful for modeling a range of psychological data but is not biologically plausible. Several approaches to implementing backpropagation in a biologically plausible fashion converge on the idea of using bidirectional activation propagation in interactive networks to convey error signals. This article demonstrates two main points about these error-driven interactive networks: (1) they generalize poorly due to attractor dynamics that interfere with the network's ability to produce novel combinatorial representations systematically in response to novel inputs, and (2) this generalization problem can be remedied by adding two widely used mechanistic principles, inhibitory competition and Hebbian learning, that can be independently motivated for a variety of biological, psychological, and computational reasons. Simulations using the Leabra algorithm, which combines the generalized recirculation (GeneRec), biologically plausible, error-driven learning algorithm with inhibitory competition and Hebbian learning, show that these mechanisms can result in good generalization in interactive networks. These results support the general conclusion that cognitive neuroscience models that incorporate the core mechanistic principles of interactivity, inhibitory competition, and error-driven and Hebbian learning satisfy a wider range of biological, psychological, and computational constraints than models employing a subset of these principles.
A 38-year-old man with HIV infection and subacute onset of cough and dyspnea.

A 38-year-old man with known HIV infection diagnosed 4 years prior to hospital admission presented with cough and clear sputum production of 10 weeks in duration. He received a 5-day course of levofloxacin with no significant improvement of his symptoms. Six weeks prior to hospital admission, he began to complain of fatigue and dyspnea on exertion. This became progressively worse over the last few days. He also noted to have a fever of 38.3°C. He has never been treated for HIV infection. He stopped smoking 2 years ago, after accumulating a 5-pack-year smoking history. Examination revealed a well-built man with no acute distress. Temperature was 36.5°C, pulse rate was 86 beats/min, systolic/diastolic BP was 107/76 mm Hg, and respiratory rate was 18 breaths/min. Examination was remarkable for thrush and a nontender left submandibular lymph node. He had few crackles over the lung bases bilaterally. Cardiac and abdominal examinations were entirely normal.