cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computerphobia

Five studies of over 450 university students presented a comprehensive picture of computer-phobia. Three research and clinically based self-report instruments were developed to measure three nearly independent dimensions of computerphobia-computer anxiety, computer attitudes, and computer cognitions and feelings. Results indicated that older students were more computer anxious, but did not have more negative attitudes, cognitions, or feelings, than did younger students. Women had more negative attitudes than did men. Feminine-identity students showed more anxiety and negative attitudes than did masculine-identity students, regardless of gender. White students had more anxiety and more positive attitudes than did nonwhite students. Computerphobia was related to other anxiety measures (mathematics, state, and trait), but was a separate construct. Experience with computer interaction did not reduce anxiety or improve attitudes. Finally, regardless of academic major, computer-anxious students showed less computer aptitude, literacy, and interest. Implications for treating computerphobia are discussed.
Analytic Afrocentricity and the Future of African Studies

In this paper, the author distinguishes between the language of centeredness and the less precise language of de-centeredness in relation to culture and economics. Historical and political de-centeredness takes Africans from the center to the margins in their own narratives; this is a danger for any analysis. Thus, Molefi Asante seeks an analytic Afrocentricity where it is possible to anticipate through sentinel statements the social and political intentions of those who write about African issues. This construction is a response to the continuing issue of an African intellectual world where Africans are not even the subjects in their own realities. Asante argues that this situation can be overcome by a re-orientation of African studies in such a way that partnering rather than hierarchy becomes the fundamental means of investigating and analyzing social, political, and economic issues in Africa.
Hiroshima: The Origins of Global Memory Culture

Acknowledgements Introduction 1. 'The most modern city in the world': city planning, commemoration and atomic power in Hiroshima, 1945-55 2. Modernity's angst: survivors between shame and pride: 1945-60 3. Socialist bombs and peaceful atoms: exhibiting modernity and fighting for peace in Hiroshima, 1955-62 4. Healing a sick world: Robert Lifton, PTSD, and the psychiatric reassessment of survivors and trauma 5. The Hiroshima Auschwitz Peace March and the globalization of victimhood 6. A sacred ground for peace: violence, tourism and the sanctification of the Peace Park, 1963-75 7. Peeling the red apple: the Hiroshima Auschwitz Committee and the Hiroshima-Auschwitz museum, 1973-95 Conclusion: the other ground zero? Hiroshima, Auschwitz, 9.11 and the world between them Index.
NASP and SDI Spearhead CFD Developments

The National Aerospace Plane (NASP) program's purpose, as stated by the National Space Council, is to "develop and demonstrate hypersonic technologies with the ultimate goal of single stage to orbit." The council has also directed that "performance of the experimental flight vehicle will be constrained to the minimum necessary to meet the highest priority research, as opposed to operational objectives .... The program will be conducted in such a way as to minimize technical and cost uncertainty associated with the experimental vehicle." The purpose of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), as defined by President Bush, is "...protection from limited ballistic missile strikes, whatever their source." Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) plays a vital role in both endeavors.
Mammography and breast cancer detection by race and Hispanic ethnicity: results from a national program (United States)

Objective: Some of the racial and ethnic variation in breast cancer incidence rates may reflect differential use of mammography. We report breast cancer rates using mammography and diagnostic data from five race/ethnicity groups.
On Instruction Sets and Their Fornmts

Central to instruction set design is the issue of the instruction format. We discuss some common format encoding techniques, and introduce a method of representing high-level language parse trees by means of formats that cover successively larger portions of a tree. We then introduce variations on the method that represent directed acyclic graphs as well as simple parse trees, and that encode constants in a special fashion. For a particular representation, we measure the number of times each format is executed to run a sample program to completion.
What Things Regulate Speech

We come from a tradition of free speech law that thinks primarily about how government regulates speech. We are entering a time when the greatest threat to free speech is no longer government. This essay sketches a more generl model for thinking about speech regulation, and applies it to the problem of filtering speech on the net. Some ranting against PICS, and the CDA also included.
An algorithm and hardware architecture for integrated modular division and multiplication in GF(p) and GF(2/sup n/)

This work presents an algorithm and architecture that integrates modular division and multiplication in both GF(p) and GF(2/sup n/) fields (unified). The algorithm is based on the extended binary GCD algorithm for modular division and on the Montgomery's method for modular multiplication. For the division operation, the proposed algorithm uses a counter to keep track of the difference between two field elements and this way eliminate the need for comparisons which are usually expensive and time-consuming. The proposed architecture efficiently supports all the operations in the algorithm and uses carry-save unified adders for reduced critical path delay, making the proposed architecture faster than other previously proposed designs. Experimental results using synthesis for AMI 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology are shown and compared with other dividers and multipliers.
A STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ACIDITY OF GROUPS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HEMES OF HEMOGLOBIN AND HEMOGLOBIN DERIVATIVES

Since the discovery by Bohr and coworkers in 1904 of the effect of acidity on the oxygen equilibrium of hemoglobin, there have been a large number of investigations directed towards clarification of the physicochemical relationships of acid groups with the hemes in hemoglobin and its derivatives. It is the purpose of this paper to analyze modern quantitative data, including those for ferrihemoglobin (methemoglobin), in order to throw new light on the general problem, to establish the ionization constant of an acid group in ferrihemoglobin previously unrecognized, and to give a structural interpretation of shifts in the pK of groups caused by changing chemical environment.
Abstract P1-15-20: Prospective study of proton radiotherapy for treatment of regional lymphatics in breast cancer

Purpose : To compare dosimetric endpoints between proton therapy (PT) and conventional radiation and to determine the feasibility of PT for regional nodal irradiation (RNI) in women with breast cancer. Methods : From May 2012 to February 2014, 18 women (stage IIA-IIIB) prospectively enrolled on a pilot study. Median age was 51.8 years (range, 42-73), with equal division between breast-conserving therapy (BCT) and mastectomy and right and left-sided cancers. Treatment targets (CTVs for breast/chest wall, supraclavicular, axillary, internal mammary nodes [IMNs]) and organs at risk were delineated on CT scans, and PT and conventional plans were developed. PT alone was used for 10 patients (9 post-mastectomy, 1 after BCT) and combined proton-photon in 8 (all BCT). Acute toxicity was prospectively recorded using CTCAE v4.0. A Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test compared the dose-volume parameters. Results : Median followup was 10.6 months (range, 1.1-19.1). For all patients, the PT plan better met the dosimetric goals and was used for treatment. Breast/chest wall coverage was adequate (V47.5=96.6% for both plans). PT improved coverage of level II axilla (median D95, 48.9Gy [range, 44.8-51.4Gy] with PT vs 45.4Gy [range, 39.8-51Gy] with conventional; p=0.0005). Adequate coverage of IMNs was consistently achieved with PT (median D95, 48.9Gy with a range of 44.8-51.4Gy) but not with conventional (median D95, 45.4Gy with range of 39.8-51Gy; p=0.0005); PT reduced heart dose in all patients. Median ipsilateral lung V5 measured 35.3% for PT compared to 60.5% for conventional (p Grade 3 dermatitis developed in 4 patients (22%), which was the only grade 3 toxicity. All patients developed grade 2 dermatitis; other acute grade 2 toxicities included fatigue (n= 6) and esophagitis (n=5). No grade 4+ toxicities developed. Dermatitis resolved by 1 month after PT for all but 1 patient who developed cellulitis (grade 2). Conclusion : PT for RNI after mastectomy or BCT significantly improves cardiac dose especially for left-sided patients and lung V5 and V20 in all patients without excessive acute toxicity. PT simultaneously improves target coverage for the IMN and level II axilla, which may positively impact long-term survival in breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Julie A Bradley, Roi Dagan, Meng Wei Ho, Christopher G Morris, Zuofeng Li, Nancy P Mendenhall. Prospective study of proton radiotherapy for treatment of regional lymphatics in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-15-20.
Expertise about herbs and dietary supplements among diverse health professionals

Herbs and other dietary supplements are among the most commonly used complementary medical therapies. However, clinicians generally have limited knowledge, confidence and communication about herbs and dietary supplements (HDS). We compared diverse clinicians' expertise about HDS to better target future curricula. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, dietitians and trainees in these professions prior to e-curriculum about HDS in 2004–2005. The survey had 28 questions about knowledge, 19 questions about their confidence and 11 questions about their communication practices about HDS. Of the 1,268 participants, 25% were male; the average age was 40 years. Mean scores were 66% correct for knowledge; 53/95 on the confidence scale and 2.2 out of possible 10 on the communication practices scale. On average, scores were lowest for those who used fewer HDS; and trainees and nurses compared with physicians, pharmacists and dietitians (P<0.01 for all comparisons). Clinicians have moderate levels of knowledge and confidence, but poor communication skills about HDS. Future curricula about HDS should target nurses, students, practitioners and those not currently using HDS. Research is needed to determine the most cost-effective educational strategies for diverse health professionals.
Nano, Quantum and Molecular Computing: Implications to High Level Design and Validation

Dedication. Preface. Foreword. Acknowledgements. I: Nano-Computing at the Physical Layer. Preface. 1. Nanometer Scale Technologies: Device Considerations A. Raychowdhury, K. Roy. II: Defect Tolerant Nano-Computing. Preface. 2. Nanocomputing in the Presence of Defects and Faults: A Survey P. Graham, M. Gokhale. 3. Defect Tolerance at the End of the Roadmap M. Mishra, S.C. Goldstein. 4. Obtaining Quadrillion-Transistor Logic Systems Despite Imperfect Manufacture, Hardware Failure and Incomplete System Specification L.J.K. Durbeck, N.J. Macias. 5. A Probabilistic-based Design for Nanoscale Computation R.I. Bahar, Jie Chen, J. Mundy. 6. Evaluating Reliability Trade-offs for Nano-Architectures D. Bhaduri, S.K. Shukla. 7. Law of Large Numbers System Design A. DeHon. III: Nano-Scale Quantum Computing. Preface. 8. Challenges in Reliable Quantum Computing D. Franklin, F.T. Chong. 9. Origins and Motivations for Design Rules in QCA M.T. Niemier, P.M. Kogge. 10. Partitioning and Placement for Buildable QCA Circuits Sung Kyu Lim, M. Niemier. IV: Validation of Nano-Scale Architectures. Preface. 11. Verification of Large-Scale Nano Systems with Unreliable Nano Devices M.S. Hsiao, Shuo Sheng, R. Arora, A. Jain, V. Boppana. Biographies.
Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of ginseng root for cardiovascular disease

Ginseng root is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine for its alleged tonic effect and possible curative and restorative properties. There are increasing evidences in the literature on the potential role of ginseng in treating cardiovascular diseases. We herein examine the history of ginseng usage and review the current literature on a myriad pharmacological function of ginseng on the cardiovascular system. From the published studies involving cell cultures and animal models, ginseng is shown to have potential benefits on the cardiovascular system through diverse mechanisms, including antioxidant, modifying vasomotor function, reducing platelet adhesion, influencing ion channels, altering autonomic neurotransmitters release, improving lipid profiles, and involving in glucose metabolism and glycemic control. In addition, the relevant clinical trials regarding the effects of ginseng on the cardiovascular disease are summarized, particularly in managing hypertension and improving cardiovascular function. Finally, the controversies in the literature and the possible adverse interactions between ginseng and other drugs are discussed. This review underscores the potential benefit effects of ginseng on cardiovascular diseases, highlights the gaps in our current research, and emphasizes the necessity for more rigorous systemic investigation.
Disrupted TSH Receptor Expression in Female Mouse Lung Fibroblasts Alters Subcellular IGF-1 Receptor Distribution

A relationship between the actions of TSH and IGF-1 was first recognized several decades ago. The close physical and functional associations between their respective receptors (TSHR and IGF-1R) has been described more recently in thyroid epithelium and human orbital fibroblasts as has the noncanonical behavior of IGF-1R. Here we report studies conducted in lung fibroblasts from female wild-type C57/B6 (TSHR(+/+)) mice and their littermates in which TSHR has been knocked out (TSHR(-/-)). Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cell surface IGF-1R levels are substantially lower in TSHR(-/-) fibroblasts compared with TSHR(+/+) fibroblasts. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed similar divergence with regard to both cytoplasmic and nuclear IGF-1R. Western blot analysis demonstrated both intact IGF-1R and receptor fragments in both cellular compartments. In contrast, IGF-1R mRNA levels were similar in fibroblasts from mice without and with intact TSHR expression. IGF-1 treatment of TSHR(+/+) fibroblasts resulted in reduced nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for IGF-1Rα, whereas it enhanced the nuclear signal in TSHR(-/-) cells. In contrast, IGF-1 enhanced cytoplasmic IGF-1Rβ in TSHR(-/-) fibroblasts while increasing the nuclear signal in TSHR(+/+) cells. These findings indicate the intimate relationship between TSHR and IGF-1R found earlier in human orbital fibroblasts also exists in mouse lung fibroblasts. Furthermore, the presence of TSHR in these fibroblasts influenced not only the levels of IGF-1R protein but also its subcellular distribution and response to IGF-1. They suggest that the mouse might serve as a suitable model for delineating the molecular mechanisms overarching these two receptors.
Accounting for the Audience in Historical Reconstruction: Martin Jones's Production of Langston Hughes's Mulatto

Although Langston Hughes's Mulatto holds the record as the second longest Broadway production of a play by an African American playwright (surpassed only by Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun), the reasons behind its commercial success have been virtually ignored. This oversight in part reflects a tendency among theatre scholars to treat the dramatic text as the primary (if not the only) source of a play's meaning. In the case of Mulatto, academic critics have debated its literary merit according to questions of form and genre. Webster Smalley, in his introduction to the collected plays of Langston Hughes, for instance, defends Mulatto as a tragedy, arguing that the play avoids the tendency of social dramas of the 1930s “to oversimplify moral issues as in melodrama” because of the recognition of Bert's “tragic situation” (he must kill himself or be killed by an angry lynch mob). For those critics who insist that Mulatto is melodramatic, Smalley advises, “let [them] look to the racial situation in the deep South as it is even today [i.e., 1963]: it is melodramatic.” Smalley presupposes a dichotomous relationship between fiction and reality, advancing a mimetic theory in which representation directly corresponds to the real. Rather than answering specific charges, he defines contemporary race relations as melodrama, implying that Mulatto, even if melodramatic, is “natural” and “accurate.”
Dyspnea, Hemoptysis, and Perihilar Infiltrates in a 35-Year-Old Man

2005;127;1437-1441 Chest Chin Jung, George Karpouzas and William W. Stringer Infiltrates in a 35-Year-Old Man Dyspnea, Hemoptysis, and Perihilar http://chestjournal.org and services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information ). ISSN: 0012-3692. http://www.chestjournal.org/misc/reprints.shtml ( of the copyright holder may be reproduced or distributed without the prior written permission Northbrook IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of this article or PDF by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, 2007 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. Copyright CHEST is the official journal of the American College of Chest
Digestion and depletion of abundant proteins improves proteomic coverage

Two major challenges in proteomics are the large number of proteins and their broad dynamic range in the cell. We exploited the abundance-dependent Michaelis-Menten kinetics of trypsin digestion to selectively digest and deplete abundant proteins with a method we call DigDeAPr. We validated the depletion mechanism with known yeast protein abundances, and we observed greater than threefold improvement in low-abundance human-protein identification and quantitation metrics. This methodology should be broadly applicable to many organisms, proteases and proteomic pipelines.
ANALYTICAL APPROACHES TO CHARGE TRANSPORT IN A MOVING MEDIUM

We consider electrodifiusion in an incompressible electrolyte medium which is in motion. The Cauchy problem is governed by a coupled Navier-Stokes/PoissonNernst-Planck system. We prove the existence of a unique smooth local solution for smooth initial data, with nonnegativity preserved for the ion concentrations. We make use of semigroup ideas, originally introduced by T. Kato in the 1970s for quasilinear hyperbolic systems. The time interval is invariant under the inviscid limit to the Euler/Poisson-Nernst-Planck system.
Evidence-Based Practice Empowers Practitioners: A Response to Epstein

Epstein makes a strong argument for the value of clinical data mining (CDM), although he minimizes some of the potential limitations in that methodology, such as attrition. Epstein’s portrayal of e...
More God, less crime: Why faith matters and how it could matter more.

As Johnson points out, America is a uniquely religious country. Churches, religiously affiliated hospitals and schools, synagogues, temples, and mosques dot the country and are available in virtual...
Surgical management of acute epidural hematomas.

Indications for surgery An epidural hematoma (EDH) greater than 30 cm3 should be surgically evacuated regardless of the patient's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. An EDH less than 30 cm3 and with less than a 15-mm thickness and with less than a 5-mm midline shift (MLS) in patients with a GCS score greater than 8 without focal deficit can be managed nonoperatively with serial computed tomographic (CT) scanning and close neurological observation in a neurosurgical center. Timing It is strongly recommended that patients with an acute EDH in coma (GCS score Methods There are insufficient data to support one surgical treatment method. However, craniotomy provides a more complete evacuation of the hematoma.
"Due process" in hospital peer review.

The movement toward institutional peer review is an outgrowth of both the hospital's responsibility to protect patients and the development of private and governmental medical-review programs. Whil...
Configuration of the psymberin amide side chain.

The structure of the amide side chain of psymberin, a potent and selective cytotoxin, is proposed. Syn and anti models of the amide side chain were prepared, and the structural assignment was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the anti isomer. Comparison of 1H and 13C NMR data establishes homology between the natural product and the synthetic model compound of anti configuration and not the corresponding syn isomer.
Topological Aspects of the Product of Lattices

Let 𝐗 be an arbitrary nonempty set and 𝐋 a lattice of subsets of 𝐗 such that ∅, X∈L. 𝐀(𝐋) denotes the algebra generated by 𝐋, and 𝐌(𝐋) denotes those nonnegative, finite, finitely additive measures on 𝐀(𝐋). In addition, 𝐈(𝐋) denotes the subset of 𝐌(𝐋) which consists of the nontrivial zero-one valued measures. The paper gives detailed analysis of products of lattices, their associated Wallman spaces, and products of a variety of measures.
Characterization of nanomechanical and piezoelectric properties of AlN thin film for thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators

In last few years, with the strong progress in thin film technologies for complex materials systems such as PZT, ZnO and AlN, thin film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) and filter concepts are gaining more and more importance for microwave frequency control applications. For resonators operating in the GHz range, piezoelectric thin film layer in the order of a few microns with desirable electromechanical properties (high Q and wide bandwidth) is required. Among these materials, AlN is very attractive due to that it has a number of interesting properties such as high thermal conductivity, high electrical insulation, and highly chemical stability. These characteristics make it possible to design and fabricate high frequency resonators and bandpass filters for signal processing and communication devices. If the thin film bulk acoustic resonator devices of sufficient performance can be fabricated, they will be the best choice to replace the current crystal, ceramic or SAW devices due to their compactness and good compatibility with the high frequency Si or GaAs integrated circuit processing. In this research, onchip AlN thin film resonator has been investigated. AlN thin films with 0.5 to 2.5μm thickness and c-axis orientation have been deposited by DC magnetron reactive sputtering method on silicon and sapphire substrates. The nanoindentation and laser interferometer methods are used to characterize the mechanical properties and electromechanical properties of the thin AlN film in the composite resonator structure. Patterning of AlN film and electrode layers has also been studied for the fabrication of onchip thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators.
Phenotypic characterization of 'non-T, non-B' acute lymphoblastic leukemia by a new panel (BL) of monoclonal antibodies.

Peripheral blood and/or bone marrow leukemic cell suspensions from 49 patients with ‘non-T, non-B’ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analysed by flow cytometry using a new panel of four monoclonal antibodies. Anti-BL1 and anti-BL2 originating from NALM-6 and B35M lymphoblastoid cell lines, respectively. These antibodies recognize B-cell differentiation antigens: a heat stable non-immunoprecipitable antigenic determinant, and a 68 000 daltons glycoprotein molecule, respectively. BL5 and BL6 were derived by immunization with the promyelocytic cell line HL-60, recognizing antigens present on early hemato-poietic cells: an 85 000 daltons MW glycoprotein (Pro-Im1) and a heat stable antigen (Pro-Im2), respectively. All ALL patients studied had L1 or L2 morphology by the FAB classification and a blast count exceeding 50 per cent. There were 25 males and 24 females. Median age was 8 years (range 1–67 years). Thirty-nine cases were studied at initial presentation and 10 at relapse. Cells from 46/49 cases expressed BL2 and/or BL1, but were not reactive with BL5 or BL6. Three of 49 cases did not express BL1 or BL2. However, a small percentage of blasts from one case was positive for BL5 (13 per cent) and the other 2 cases were reactive with BL6 (20 per cent and 36 per cent, respectively). These were one adult and 2 pediatric patients that had other ALL markers and achieved a complete remission with appropriate ALL therapy. One of the BL6+ cases relapsed after 19 months with a change in phenotype to BL1+ BL2+ BL5- BL6-. This analysis shows that the majority of ‘non-T, non-B’ ALL's do express B-cell associated antigens (BL1/BL2) argumentative of their B-cell origin. A small subgroup does not express such antigens and may arise from a more immature cell, since they expressed antigens on early hematopoietic stem cells.
Layer thickness dependence of CPP giant magnetoresistance in individual Co Ni ∕ Cu multilayer nanowires grown by electrodeposition

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect of $\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Cu}$ nanowires grown by electrodeposition using an array of parallel through holes in anodized alumina membranes was studied in the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) geometry as a function of the CoNi and Cu layer thicknesses. The CPP-GMR measurements were carried out by making a point contact with individual nanowires using a metallic plunger tip. In the range of the CoNi layer thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}}=2--510\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ and that of the Cu layer thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{Cu}}=4.2--42\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, the maximum value of CPP-GMR change observed in the $\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Cu}$ nanowires was 23% at room temperature. The variation of the CPP-GMR with ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}}$ at fixed ${t}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ and that with ${t}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ at fixed ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}}$ is discussed in terms of the series-resistor model and the Valet-Fert model for CPP-GMR. The effects of various factors such as superparamagnetism in very thin CoNi layers and dipole-dipole interactions between CoNi layers on the CPP-GMR of $\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Cu}$ nanowires are also discussed.
Rethinking resynch: Exploring mechanisms of cardiac resynchronization beyond wall motion control

Cardiac resynchronization (CRT) is a widely used clinical treatment for heart failure patients with depressed function and discoordinate contraction due to conduction delay. It is unique among heart failure treatments as it both acutely and chronically enhances systolic function and also prolongs survival. While improved chamber mechano-energetics has been considered a primary mechanism for CRT benefit, new animal model data are revealing novel and in many instances unique cellular and molecular modifications from the treatment. Examples of these changes are the reversal of marked regional heterogeneity of the transcriptome and stress kinase signaling, improved ion channel function involved with electrical repolarization, enhanced sarcomere function and calcium handling and up-regulation of beta-adrenergic responses, and improved mitochondrial energetic efficiency associated with targeted changes in the mitochondrial proteome. Exploration of these mechanisms may reveal key insights into how CRT can indeed get the failing heart to contract more and perform more work, yet not worsen long-term failure. These changes may provide a more biological marker for both the appropriate patients for CRT and point the way for new therapeutic avenues for heart failure in general.
Digitally compensated beam current transformer

Abstract The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is being built by a collaboration of six laboratories. Beam current monitors (BCMs) will be used to record the current of H-minus and H-plus beams ranging from 15 mA (tune-up in the Front End and Linac) to over 60A fully accumulated in the Ring and dumped to the load as a single pulse in the Ring to Beam Target (RTBT). The time structure of these beams ranges from 645 ns “mini” bunches at the 1.05 MHz ring revolution rate, to an overall 1 ms long macro-pulse. The requirements for the BCMs will depend upon their location within the system. The need to measure individual mini-pulses, examine the characteristics of the chopper edge, as well as the longer average current pulse of the macropulse, or long duration pulses during Linac tuning place wide requirements upon the response of current transformers. To obtain the desired accuracy and resolution, current transformers must have
Students’ characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes in online learning

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among students’ characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes in online learning settings. Two hundred and fifty-six students participated in this study. All participants completed an online survey that included demographic information, the modified motivation strategies learning questionnaire, the online technology self-efficacy scale, the course satisfaction questionnaire, and the final grades. The researchers used structural equation modeling to examine relationships among student characteristics, self-regulated learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes. Based on the results from the final model, students with previous online learning experiences tended to have more effective learning strategies when taking online courses, and hence, had higher levels of motivation in their online courses. In addition, when students had higher levels of motivation in their online courses, their levels of te...
Carbon-13 chemical shifts and 1H−13C dipolar couplings in metal sandwich solids using one-dimensional solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Abstract The application of one-dimensional dipolar-shift spectroscopy to study the 13 C chemical shielding and the 1 H – 13 C dipolar-coupling tensors, and dynamics, on powder samples is demonstrated. The magnitude and the orientation of 13 C chemical shielding and 1 H – 13 C dipolar-coupling tensors for the metallocenes of Fe, Mg, and Ru are determined. The 1 H – 13 C dipolar-coupling tensor and the orientation of the principal axes of the 13 C chemical-shift tensors in the molecular frame are identical for all the metallocenes while the magnitudes of the 13 C chemical-shift tensors are different. The effect of the motion about the five-fold symmetry axis on these tensors is analyzed.
Synthesis and x-ray crystal structures of 1 : 1 complexes of nickel(II) nitrate with 1,10-phenanthroline and with 2,2′-bipyridyl

Abstract Blue crystals of [Ni(phen)(H2O)4](NO3)2·H2O (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) and of [Ni(bipy)(H2O)3(NO3)]NO3 (where bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl) were prepared and their structures determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. In the phenanthroline complex, the nitrates are not coordinated to the nickel but in the bipyridyl complex, one nitrate is coordinated to the nickel as a monodentate ligand. The IR spectra and magnetic susceptibilities are reported.
Mixed Ligand Metallocenes as Catalysts for Elastomeric Polypropylene

A new synthesis of unbridged mixed ring zirconocenes was developed and a series of mixed ligand zirconocenes with substituted 2-arylindenyl and 1-methyl-2-arylindenyl ligands have been prepared. When activated with methylaluminoxane, the mixed ligand complexes catalyze the polymerization of propylene to give elastomeric polypropylene. The propylene polymerization behavior of the mixed ligand catalysts was compared to that of their bis(indenyl) analogues to determine the relative contribution of each ligand to the activity and stereospecificity of the catalyst. The effects of 2-arylindenyl and 1-methyl-2-arylindenyl ligands on the stereospecificity of the catalysts are essentially additive; the stereospecificity of the mixed ring complex is intermediate to that of the bis(2-arylindene) analogues. However, the effect of 1-methyl substitution on catalyst productivity is not additive; the productivities exhibited by bis(2-arylindenyl)ZrCl2/MAO and (1-methyl-2-arylindenyl)(2-arylindenyl)ZrCl2/MAO derived catal...
Timed and targeted therapy for acute kidney injury: a glimpse of the future

Whether and when to intervene and with which therapeutic agent are key questions physicians face daily in managing patients. Biomarkers are emerging to define the course of acute kidney injury and offer an opportunity to provide targeted interventions. The EARLYARF study by Endre et al. provides a glimpse of the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.
Content, Community, and Collaboration at ESRI Virtual Campus: A GIS Company's Perspective on Creating an Online Learning Resource.

GIS requires training to use it to its potential. In 1996, ESRI began exploring ways to expand its successful educational programmes to a worldwide audience via the Web. The ESRI Virtual Campus (VC) opened in July 1997. The paper discusses a few of the many lessons learned during the operation of VC, related to content, community and collaboration, and considers future prospects. The VC continues to evolve in the areas of component-based design, database publishing, community and collaborations. As new technologies become available and bandwidth increases, features that could not be imagined at its conception can now be developed.
Experimental and numerical characterization of viscous flow and mixing in an impinging jet contactor

The laminar flow in an impinging jet contactor is examined as a first step toward the development of new technology for fast mixing of viscous fluids. The flow, velocity, and stretching fields in an impinging jet contactor are quantified for low Reynolds number flow using three-dimensional numerical simulations and particle image velocimetry measurements. Computational and experimental velocity fields are in close agreement, as quantified by the velocity probability density functions. Two steady-state flow regimes are found to exist: for jet Reynolds numbers (Rej) 10, the jets begin to impinge and recirculation regions form above and below the impingement point. The magnitude of the rate-of-strain tensor is calculated as a function of Rej. While areas of essentially zero stretching occupy most of the flow domain, very high rates of stretching occur at specific locations in the flow. The maximum and average rates of stretching in the contactor increase roughly linearly as a function of Reynolds number. Mixing simulations show that no mixing occurs for the steady flow in a symmetric-jet contactor. However, mixing is improved substantially by a slight modification of the impinging jet geometry that disrupts geometric symmetry. On examine l'ecoulement laminaire dans un contacteur a jets entrant en collision comme premiere etape vers le developpement d'une nouvelle technologie pour le melange rapide de fluides visqueux. Les champs d'ecoulement, de vitesse et d'etirement dans un contacteur a jets entrant en collision sont quantifies pour un ecoulement a faible nombre de Reynolds a l'aide de simulations numeriques tridimensionnelles et de mesures de velocimetrie par imagerie de particules. Les champs de vitesse calcules par ordinateur et experimentaux sont quantitativement proches, tels que le montrent les fonctions de densite de probabilite de vitesse. On a trouve qu'il existait deux regimes a l'etat permanent: pour des nombres de Reynolds de jets (Rej) 10, les jets commencent a se heurter et des regions de recirculation se forment audessous et sous le point d'impact. La grandeur du tenseur vitesse de deformation est calculee en fonction de Rej. Les zones d'etirement quasi nul occupent la plupart du domaine d'ecoulement, mais de tres grandes vitesses d'etirement existent a des endroits specifiques. Les vitesses d'etirement maximales et moyennes dans le contacteur augmentent a peu pres lineairement en fonction du nombre de Reynolds. Des simulations de melanges montrent qu'aucun melange ne se produit pour l'ecoulement en regime permanent dans un contacteur a jets symetriques. Toutefois, le melange est sub-stantiellement ameliore par une legere modification de la geometrie des jets qui romp la symetrie.
Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Baseball: The Impact of Culture

Few sports-related events have generated as much controversy as the steroid crisis in baseball. Both ardent fans and casual observers wonder why professional baseball players would choose to use such substances when their use was viewed as outside the bounds of fair play. This article attempts to answer that question by applying concepts from the area of organizational culture. Understanding the culture of baseball and the ways leaders embedded and strengthened that culture adds insight into the decisions by athletes to engage in steroid use. In general, such use was consistent with the already-existing culture. In addition, key decisions and events likely created the conditions in which steroid use was more likely.
Bubble rise velocity in two-dimensional fluidized beds

Abstract Using a method analogous to that of Davies and Taylor [7], a simple model incorporating wake effects is employed to derive the velocity of a two-dimensional gas bubble rising in a fluidized bed. Predicted values of bubble rise velocity agree well with the experimental data. Effects of wake angle and bubble aspect ratio on rise velocity are also discussed.
Ranking the adaptive capacity of nations to climate change when socio-political goals are explicit

Abstract The typical categories for measuring national adaptive capacity to climate change include a nation's wealth, technology, education, information, skills, infrastructure, access to resources, and management capabilities. Resulting rankings predictably mirror more general rankings of economic development, such as the Human Development Index. This approach is incomplete since it does not consider the normative or motivational context of adaptation. For what purpose or toward what goal does a nation aspire, and in that context, what is its adaptive capacity? This paper posits 11 possible national socio-political goals that fall into the three categories of teleological legitimacy, procedural legitimacy, and norm-based decision rules. A model that sorts nations in terms of adaptive capacity based on national socio-political aspirations is presented. While the aspiration of maximizing summed utility matches typical existing rankings, alternative aspirations, including contractarian liberalism, technocratic management, and dictatorial/religious rule alter the rankings. An example describes how this research can potentially inform how priorities are set for international assistance for climate change adaptation.
The Effect of Air on Condensation of Stratified Horizontal Concurrent Steam/Water Flow

The present note reports a continuation of a systematic experimental study on the direct-contact condensation of concurrent steam/water flow. Data for pure steam condensation have been published by Lim et al. (1984). New data including the noncondensible gas effect are given here. Previous correlations are also extended to include the noncondensible gas effect.
Midgut barrier as a possible factor in filarial worm vector competency in Aedes trivittatus.

Abstract Studies were conducted on the ability of microfilariae (mff) of Brugia pahangi to penetrate midguts of Aedes trivittatus and Aedes aegypti (black-eyed Liverpool strain) in vitro. At 12–14 days postexposure (PE) to microfilaremic jirds, A. trivittatus exhibited a significantly lower prevalence and mean intensity of infection than A. aegypti . Nearly 50% of the mff ingested by A. aegypti , but only 7.5% of the mff ingested by A. trivittatus , penetrated through midguts within 2 hr PE. Examination of 4-μm plastic sections of midguts revealed few quantifiable differences in rate or extent of peritrophic membrane formation between the two mosquito species at 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 min and 6, 12, or 24 hr PE. At 2 hr PE, blood meals of A. trivittatus appeared more coagulated than did blood meals from A. aegypti . Feeding both mosquito species on heparinized or citrated blood in membrane feeders resulted in significant increases in the percentage of mff penetrating the midgut of A. aegypti , but a significantly reduced percentage of mff penetrating the midgut of A. trivittatus . A significant decrease in percentage of mff penetrating midguts of both mosquito species resulted when mosquitoes were exposed to blood containing EDTA.
Rhabdomyosarcoma Metastatic to the Breast

: Metastatic involvement of the breast from an extramammary malignancy is uncommon with an incidence of 0.8–6.6% in reported series of breast neoplasms. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common extramammary malignancy to metastasize to the breast in the pediatric age group but is rare in adults. In adult patients metastatic neoplasms may be misdiagnosed clinically or mammographically as a primary breast neoplasm or even as a benign process. We present a review of the literature on rhabdomyosarcoma metastatic to the breast and add an unusual case of a 41-year-old female, to our knowledge, the oldest yet reported. We also review the mammographic and histopathologic findings of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma to the breast.?
Digital film library implementation

The Radiology Department at the University of Pennsylvania is in the process of clinically testing its PACS implementation. The PACS implementation has been built around a Vortech Image Archival and Retrieval System (IARS) with a 140-platter optical jukebox. The Vortech IARS provides archival services only. A set of software modules have been developed in-house that allow the system to function as a digital film library. The current implementation allows connectivity to a RIS (DECrad), supports the routing of images to two intensive care units, and allows image acquisition from a Du Pont FD2000 laser scanner and two GE SIGNA MR units. All process-to-process communication follows the ACR/NEMA 2.0 protocol. The proposed folder extensions to ACR/NEMA 2.0 are being utilized for sending information to the display nodes. The system has been running clinically for about three months. Details of the design, implementation, and functionality of the PACS are presented.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On a prime role for newly synthesized dopamine in striatal function.

Abstract Rats were given either the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, α-methyltyrosine (αMT), in doses of 10 or 250 mg/kg or the neuroleptic, haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg). Other rats received both drugs (haloperidol 30 min after αMT). This dose of haloperidol alone caused only a slight, gradually developing catalepsy, while αMT alone caused none. The combination quickly caused a strong catalepsy. Striatal dopamine (DA) stores were only minimally depleted at the time of catalepsy potentiation. The marked elevation of striatal homovanillic acid concentration seen after haloperidol administration was greatly inhibited by αMT pretreatment. It is conclude that the marked potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by αMT is related to the absence of newly synthesized DA rather than to an exhausted main DA pool and that newly synthesized DA has a greater role in striatal function than does DA of the main striatal storage pool.
General Dimensional Reduction of Ten-Dimensional Supergravity and Superstring

Abstract Dimensional reductions of supergravity theories are shown to yield to specific classes of four-dimensional no-scale models with N =4, 2 or 1 residual supersymmetry. N =1 “maximal” supergravity lagrangian, corresponding to the “untwisted” sector of orbifold compactification of superstrings, contains nine families and has a no-scale structure based on the Kahler manifold [SU(3, 3+3 n )/SU(3) ×SU(3+3 n )]×[SU(1,1)/U(1)]. The quantum consistency of the resulting theories give information on the non Kaluza-Klein (string) “twisted” sector.
Sleep disorders, epilepsy, and autism

The purpose of this review article is to describe the clinical data linking autism with sleep and epilepsy and to discuss the impact of treating sleep disorders in children with autism either with or without coexisting epileptic seizures. Studies are presented to support the view that sleep is abnormal in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. Epilepsy and sleep have reciprocal relationships, with sleep facilitating seizures and seizures adversely affecting sleep architecture. The hypothesis put forth is that identifying and treating sleep disorders, which are potentially caused by or contributed to by autism, may impact favorably on seizure control and on daytime behavior. The article concludes with some practical suggestions for the evaluation and treatment of sleep disorders in this population of children with autism.
Early Virologic Responses and Hematologic Safety of Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapies in Veterans With Chronic Hepatitis C

Background & Aims There are limited data on the early effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in routine medical practice. We aimed to evaluate real-world experience with DAA-based regimens. Methods By using the Veterans Affairs' Clinical Case Registry, we conducted a prospective observational intent-to-treat analysis of veterans infected with HCV genotype 1 who began treatment with pegylated interferon, ribavirin, and boceprevir (BOC, n=661) or telaprevir (TVR, n=198) before January 2012. We determined rates of virologic response at treatment weeks 4, 8, 12, and 24; futility; early discontinuation; and adverse hematologic events. Results About one third of patients discontinued treatment by week 24 (30% BOC, 34% TVR). A higher percentage of treatment-naive, noncirrhotic patients receiving BOC had undetectable levels of virus at week 24 than patients receiving TVR (74% vs 60%; P = .03). There were no significant differences in rates of early response within subgroups of cirrhotic patients, prior relapsers, prior partial responders, or prior null responders. By week 24, treatment was determined to be futile for 14% of patients receiving BOC and 17% of those receiving TVR. No differences were observed in overall rates of anemia (50% BOC, 49% TVR) or thrombocytopenia (16% BOC, 18% TVR); higher rates of neutropenia were observed in BOC-treated patients (34% BOC, 21% TVR; P = .008). Conclusions HCV-infected veterans treated in routine medical practice with DAA-based regimens (BOC or TVR) had rates of early response comparable with those reported in clinical trials. However, they had higher rates of futility and early discontinuation than clinical trial participants. Further studies are needed to determine rates of sustained viral response.
Modelling churn-turbulent bubble columns—I. Liquid-phase mixing

Abstract A new two-region phenomenological model for liquid-phase mixing in churn-turbulent bubble columns has been proposed. A gas-rich region rises rapidly through the column transporting liquid to various points in the system while a relatively stagnant, gas-lean region is vigorously agitated by the passage of the gas-rich region. Estimation of most of the model parameters by physical reasoning reduces the proposed model to a one-parameter model. This unknown parameter, which describes liquid exchange between the gas-rich and gas-lean regions, can be obtained by matching the model predictions to the experimentally measured tracer response. The comparison of the proposed model's tracer response and that of the axial dispersion model also allows this exchange parameter to be calculated from the available axial dispersion coefficient correlations. The proposed model is computationally much superior to the axial dispersion model.