cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Indica Restorer Line,Minghui 63,for Rice Hybridization

The restorer line Minghui63 of hybrid rice was most widely utilized,popular for the longest time,the largest planting area,and most significant yield increasing in hybrid rice combinations bred during past 30 years.In the meanwhile,it will be continued to play a unique role in hybrid rice bred in China.So Minghui63 was a milestone as one of the main parents to breed restorer lines for the renewal of hybrid rice combinations.With the extension of hybrid rice in the world,Minghui63,the restorer line was widely crossed to prepare new hybrid rice combinations with different male sterile lines of hybrid rice.Up to 2009,there were 34 combinations of hybrid rice approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee,and four of them were approved by the national authorities in China.The statistics indicated that the total planting area of hybrid rice combinations derived from Minghui63 was 84.144 million hectare,about 24.51% of the total planting area of hybrid rice in China from 1984 to 2009.Furthermore,Up to 2009,544 new restorer lines were bred successfully derived from Minghui63 as the main parent in China.924 combinations of hybrid rice with these new restorer lines were approved by the national and provincial crop variety registration committee.The total planting area of hybrid rice combinations from these new restorer lines derived from one of parent Minghui63 was 81.093 million hectare,about 28.23% of the total growing area of hybrid rice in China from 1990 to 2009.Moreover,Minghui63 was a germplasm for molecular biology research.There were mainly forty three genes mapped in the different chromosome of Minghui63,and nine of them had been cloned.On molecular breeding of Minghui63,it were mainly transplanted or introgressed insect、herbicide、blast、Bacterial blight、brown planthopper resistance gene and Yield-enhancing QTL.At the last,the theory of four characteristics integrated comprising high yield,good quality,stress resistance and wide adaptability was put forward based on practice of hybrid rice bred and prospecting breeding of super hybrid rice in the future.
XML Languages for Student-Oriented Services

The high cost of education and the increased number of adult students increased the demand for online degrees. In the current online education model, the school specifies the courses required to obtain a degree. For each course, the instructor specifies the course elements including teaching method and assessments. But research in education has long proved that different students have different capabilities and constraints. Most institutions provide the same courses. A student should be able to select the course that best matches his capabilities and constraints as long as it satisfies the required course outcomes. To achieve this goal, we propose the use of SOA. We introduce an extended service-oriented architecture and an extended service definition. This paper also presents two XML languages. The first, enables course providers to specify courses that have been defined using our extended service. The second enables course requesters to specify their requirements and constraints.
Repairing Oil and Gas Pipeline with PE Pipe

Nowadays,the corrosion of pipelines is very severe,so it is urgent to have a economical repair technology. PE is featured by figure memory,we can line it inside the pipelines to form a favorable liner. According to the characteristic of PE,this paper formulize the mechanism and method of pipeline repairing,and some construction technology.
What Is Going on with Perkinsus marinus in the Gulf of Mexico

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program sampled the largest oysters in nearly every major US coastal lagoon and estuary in the Gulf of Mexico once during the winter from 1986 to 2010. This contribution examines trends in the principal oyster disease in the Gulf of Mexico, Dermo, caused by Perkinsus marinus, and some related population dynamic characteristics for its host, Crassostrea virginica. During the 1986–2000 period, P. marinus prevalence and infection intensity and oyster population dynamics followed the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, responding to variations in salinity caused by variations in rainfall and freshwater inflow. The ENSO signal in the oyster population effectively ceased circa 2002. Beginning around this time, wintertime P. marinus prevalence and weighted prevalence began a decadal decline, as did the length of the largest oysters and the fraction of these largest animals that were female. The trends in Dermo disease, oyster length, and oyster sex ratio are all consistent with the following hypothesis: increasing temperature during the 2000s resulted in an increase in P. marinus infection intensity sufficient to increase the mortality rate in late summer and fall in the larger animals. This simultaneously reduced Dermo prevalence and infection intensity in the winter at the time of sampling and also resulted in the decline in the length of the largest animals targeted by Mussel Watch. Coincident with the decline in length is the expected decline in the fraction female, such that the percent female in the largest animals dropped to ≤50 % throughout much of the Gulf of Mexico. The decline in length leading to fewer large animals reproducing and the loss of females are predicted to have reduced oyster population reproductive capacity substantially during the 2000s. The early 60 % of the Mussel Watch time series took place during a period of negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices. The AMO moved into positive territory circa 2000. A positive AMO index is consistent with observed warmer water temperatures, and increased water temperature is consistent with an increase in Dermo-induced mortality.
Modeling the Multicomponent Columar-to-Equiaxed Transition of Alloy 625

A numerical model has been developed to study the effect of columnar dendrite growth kinetics and solid grain movement on macrosegregation in static castings. The model solves continuum equations for mass, momentum, species, and energy conservation during multicomponent solidification. The columnar-to-equiaxed transition is modeled to explore its effect on macrosegregation of nickel alloy 625. The location of the CET and macrosegregation level of alloy 625 is affected by changing the thermal boundary conditions. As the heat transfer coefficient was increased the columnar volume fraction of the ingot increased and the macrosegregation level decreased.
A constitutive model for an internally balanced compressible elastic material

Many large deformation constitutive models for the mechanical behavior of solid materials make use of the multiplicative decomposition F=F^F* as, for example, used by Kroner in the context of finit...
The Reemergence of the Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome: Characterizing a Syndrome in the Precision Medicine Era.

The asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) has reemerged in the medical literature. This review addresses our current understanding of ACOS as a clinical and biological entity and how new and existing therapies may be targeted to this group. Many studies suggest that ACOS is common and associated with more morbidity than asthma and COPD in general. However, there is no consensus on an ACOS definition, likely due to the heterogeneity of the disease. Variable definitions have led to variable results in ACOS studies. Given this clinical variability, biomarkers (e.g., eosinophils and type 2 inflammatory markers) are increasingly being used to identify an ACOS molecular phenotype which appears to be more responsive to inhaled corticosteroids. Although ACOS has become a popular diagnosis, it is unclear whether identifying ACOS as a separate disease entity is clinically useful. Future studies should focus on identifying key clinical features and biomarkers that characterize vulnerable and treatment-responsive patients.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Effector ExoS Inhibits ROS Production in Human Neutrophils

Neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacterial infections, and the generation of reactive oxygen species is a key part of their arsenal. Pathogens use detoxification systems to avoid the bactericidal effects of reactive oxygen species. Here we demonstrate that the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is susceptible to reactive oxygen species but actively blocks the reactive oxygen species burst using two type III secreted effector proteins, ExoS and ExoT. ExoS ADP-ribosylates Ras and prevents it from interacting with and activating phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), which is required to stimulate the phagocytic NADPH-oxidase that generates reactive oxygen species. ExoT also affects PI3K signaling via its ADP-ribosyltransferase activity but does not act directly on Ras. A non-ribosylatable version of Ras restores reactive oxygen species production and results in increased bacterial killing. These findings demonstrate that subversion of the host innate immune response requires ExoS-mediated ADP-ribosylation of Ras in neutrophils.
The Triumph of the City: How our Greatest Invention Makes us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier, Edward Glaeser. The Penguin Press (2012), 338 pp.

For generations, pundits have predicted the demise of cities. Given decreasing transportation and communication costs, the ease with which social and economic exchanges would be conducted would mak...
Implementation of a New Clinic-Based, Pharmacist-Managed PCSK9 Inhibitor Consultation Service

BACKGROUND: The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors alirocumab and evolocumab were approved by the FDA in 2015. In anticipation of provider interest and a potential increase in referrals to the on-site specialty pharmacy, we created a pharmacist-managed consultation service. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The development of a clinic-based pharmacist-managed consultation service for the management of the PCSK9 inhibitor agents alirocumab and evolocumab is described. Key implementation steps included (a) creation of a pharmacy team and collaboration with cardiology; (b) completion of a needs assessment; (c) service creation; (d) collaboration with the on-site specialty pharmacy; (e) development of an electronic consult order and consult pool; (f) personnel training; and (g) service approval and marketing. The service development occurred over 9 months (July 2015-April 2016) and was implemented hospital-wide in May 2016. OBSERVATIONS: The University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences...
Role of Arctic Sea Ice Variability in Climate Models

Arctic sea ice plays an important role in climate by influencing surface heat fluxes and albedo, so must be accurately represented in climate models. This study finds that the fully coupled ice-ocean-atmosphere-land Community Climate System Model (CCSM3.0) underestimates day-to-day ice variability compared to observations and employs the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3.0) to investigate the atmospheric sensitivity to sea ice variability. Three 100-ensemble experiments are forced with climatological, daily-varying, and smoothly-varying sea ice conditions from an anomalously low ice period (September 2006-February 2007). Daily ice variability has a large local impact on the atmosphere when ice undergoes rapid changes, leading to local cooling and subsequent circulation changes. The most notable example of a large-scale atmospheric response occurs over Northern Europe during fall where daily ice variability forces reductions in the number and strength of cyclones, leading to positive sea level pressure anomalies, surface warming, and reduced cloud cover.
Orientation dependence of temporal and spectral properties of high-order harmonics in solids

We investigate the connection between crystal symmetry and temporal and spectral properties of high-order harmonics in solids. We calculate the orientation-dependent harmonic spectrum driven by an intense, linearly polarized infrared laser field, using a momentum-space description of the generation process in terms of strong-field-driven electron dynamics on the band structure. We show that the orientation dependence of both the spectral yield and the subcycle time profile of the harmonic radiation can be understood in terms of the coupling strengths and relative curvatures of the valence band and the low-lying conduction bands. In particular, we show that in some systems this gives rise to a rapid shift of a quarter optical cycle in the timing of harmonics in the secondary plateau as the crystal is rotated relative to the laser polarization. We address recent experimental results in MgO [Y. S. You et al., Nat. Phys. 13, 345 (2017).] and show that the observed change in orientation dependence for the highest harmonics can be interpreted in the momentum space picture in terms of the contributions of several different conduction bands.
Separated from My Mother's Womb: An Appraisal of Paul's Testimony in Galatians 1:15:

In Galatians 1:15, Paul uniquely presents his appointment and apostleship as God's separating him from his mother's womb and calling him by grace. However, Paul's meaning behind the phrase, “separated from his mother's womb,” has been speculated with little biblical-theological substance. Thus, this article presents a fresh argument that in this phrase Paul alludes to his birth as a Roman citizen, which is later followed by his calling to be an apostle to the Gentiles. This study also concludes that Galatians 1:15 functions as the center of Paul's argument in 1:6–2:10 with 2:11–21 as its illustration.
General Factors of Psychopathology, Personality, and Personality Disorder: Across Domain Comparisons:

Three separate and distinct literatures exist investigating general factors of psychopathology (p factor), personality (GFP), and personality disorder (g-PD). Surprisingly, there has been little-to-no investigation regarding the convergence of these three distinct general factors. In the present investigation, two studies were conducted examining the convergence of the p factor, GFP, and g-PD. In Study 1, a combined model extracting all three factors from self-report data simultaneously found high convergence. The findings for the g-PD and GFP were replicated in Study 2 using multi-method data, wherein the GFP and the g-PD were extracted from a community sample of 1,630 older adults and correlated with an index of maladaptivity. The present findings support the position that general factors of psychopathology, personality disorder, and personality are likely to entail a common individual differences continuum, which may impact on how these general factors are to be understood.
Vibrational Energy Transport in Hybrid Ordered/Disordered Nanocomposites: Hybridization and Avoided Crossings of Localized and Delocalized Modes

Vibrational energy transport in disordered media is of fundamental importance to several fields spanning from sustainable energy to biomedicine to thermal management. This work investigates hybrid ordered/disordered nanocomposites that consist of crystalline membranes decorated by regularly patterned disordered regions formed by ion beam irradiation. The presence of the disordered regions results in reduced thermal conductivity, rendering these systems of interest for use as nanostructured thermoelectrics and thermal device components, yet their vibrational properties are not well understood. Here, the mechanism of vibrational transport and the reason underlying the observed reduction is established in detail. The hybrid systems are found to exhibit glass-crystal duality in vibrational transport. Lattice dynamics reveals substantial hybridization between the localized and delocalized modes, which induces avoided crossings and harmonic broadening in the dispersion. Allen/Feldman theory shows that the hybridization and avoided crossings are the dominant drivers of the reduction. Anharmonic scattering is also enhanced in the patterned nanocomposites, further contributing to the reduction. The systems exhibit features reminiscent of both nanophononic materials and locally resonant nanophononic metamaterials, but operate in a manner distinct to both. These findings indicate that such “patterned disorder” can be a promising strategy to tailor vibrational transport through hybrid nanostructures.
Establishing a Method to Monitor Transition Planning and Track Patient Outcomes Following Transfer

Tracking patient progress, transition planning, and patient outcomes before, during, and after transfer are critical components of any healthcare transition program. Creating and maintaining a transition data registry can serve to facilitate these processes for a clinician or healthcare practice. This chapter reviews the key components of a transition registry, including the purpose of a registry, why it is important to track healthcare transition preparation processes, the necessary steps in establishing and maintaining a registry, the various uses of a registry, and the value of a registry in tracking population-based measures for practice-based quality improvement.
MODULATION OF APRT TRANSCRIPTION BY ALTERING SPACING BETWEEN CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENTS

Three regulatory regions on the promoter of CHO adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene (APRT) were identified. Spacing constraints between these regions were analyzed. With normal spacing, region II (−33 to +19), which separates regions I (−101 to −53) and III (+56 to +85), is critical forAPRT transcription. However, when regions I and III are artificially placed in proximity to each other (region II deleted), they are able to drive transcription as efficiently as the wild-typeAPRT promoter. Neither region I nor III alone is sufficient for efficient transcription. As the spacing between the two regions increases, the transcription decreases. Region I may activate transcription in two ways: through a stringent sequence-specific manner (as in the transcription mediated by regions I and III) and through a manner with relaxed requirement for sequence specificity (as in the transcription from the wild-typeAPRT promoter).
Well Hydraulics with the Weber–Goldstein Transforms

Two new integral transforms, ideally suited for solving boundary value problems in well hydraulics, are derived from one of the Goldstein identities which generalizes a corresponding Weber identity. The two transforms are, therefore, named the Weber–Goldstein transforms. Their properties are presented. For the first, second, and third type boundary conditions, the new transforms remove the radial portion of a Laplacian in the cylindrical coordinates. They are used to straightforwardly rederive known solutions to the problems of a fully penetrating flowing well and a fully penetrating pumped well. A novel solution for a fully penetrating flowing well with infinitesimal skin situated in a leaky aquifer is also found by means of one of the new transforms. This solution is validated by comparison to a numerical solution obtained via the finite-difference method and to a quasi-analytic solution obtained by numerical inversion of the corresponding solution in the Laplace domain. Based on the new solution, a flowing well test is proposed for estimating the hydraulic conductivity and specific storativity of the aquifer and the skin factor of the well. The test can also be used in a constant-head injection mode. A type-curve estimation procedure is developed and illustrated with an example. The effectiveness of the test in estimating the well skin factor and aquifer parameters depends on the availability of data on the sufficiently early well response.
The Ethical Animal: A Review

The problems of philosophy may be perennial, yet some of them press harder on some generations than on others. The fact that judgments of value differ from man to man and from culture to culture was noticed by Herodotus, and was certainly very plain to Plato. For us this diversity, especially at the intercultural level, raises the most urgent philosophical problem of our day. Can we evaluate systems of evaluation, can we grade cultures, and if so, by what right?
Revealing HIV viral load patterns using unsupervised machine learning and cluster summarization

HIV RNA viral load (VL) is an important outcome variable in studies of HIV infected persons. There exists only a handful of methods which classify patients by VL patterns. Most methods place limits on the use of viral load measurements, are often specific to a particular study design, and do not account for complex, temporal variation. To address this issue, we propose a set of four unambiguous computable characteristics (features) of time-varying HIV viral load patterns, along with a novel centroid-based classification algorithm, which we use to classify a population of 1,576 HIV positive clinic patients into one of five different viral load patterns (clusters) often found in the literature: durably suppressed viral load (DSVL), sustained low viral load (SLVL), sustained high viral load (SHVL), high viral load suppression (HVLS), and rebounding viral load (RVL). The centroid algorithm summarizes these clusters in terms of their centroids and radii. We show that this allows new VL patterns to be assigned pattern membership based on the distance from the centroid relative to its radius, which we term radial normalization classification. This method has the benefit of providing an objective and quantitative method to assign VL pattern membership with a concise and interpretable model that aids clinical decision making. This method also facilitates meta-analyses by providing computably distinct HIV categories. Finally we propose that this novel centroid algorithm could also be useful in the areas of cluster comparison for outcomes research and data reduction in machine learning.
An Efficient, Scalable and Exact Representation of High-Dimensional Color Information Enabled via de Bruijn Graph Search

The colored de Bruijn graph (cdbg) and its variants have become an important combinatorial structure used in numerous areas in genomics, such as population-level variation detection in metagenomic samples, large scale sequence search, and cdbg-based reference sequence indices. As samples or genomes are added to the cdbg, the color information comes to dominate the space required to represent this data structure. In this paper, we show how to represent the color information efficiently by adopting a hierarchical encoding that exploits correlations among color classes — patterns of color occurrence — present in the de Bruijn graph (dbg). A major challenge in deriving an efficient encoding of the color information that takes advantage of such correlations is determining which color classes are close to each other in the high-dimensional space of possible color patterns. We demonstrate that the dbg itself can be used as an efficient mechanism to search for approximate nearest neighbors in this space. While our approach reduces the encoding size of the color information even for relatively small cdbgs (hundreds of experiments), the gains are particularly consequential as the number of potential colors (i.e. samples or references) grows to thousands of experiments. We apply this encoding in the context of two different applications; the implicit cdbg used for a large-scale sequence search index, Mantis, as well as the encoding of color information used in population-level variation detection by tools such as Vari and Rainbowfish. Our results show significant improvements in the overall size and scalability of representation of the color information. In our experiment on 10,000 samples, we achieved more than 11x better compression compared to RRR. An implementation of the new MST-based color class encoding is written in C++17 and is available at https://github.com/splatlab/mantis.
Using syllable nuclei locations to improve automatic speech recognition in the presence of burst noise.

In this work we combine a conventional phone-based automatic speech recognizer with a classifier that detects syllable locations. This is done using a dynamic Bayesian network. Using oracle syllable detections we achieve a 17% relative reduction in word error rate on the 500 word task of the SVitchboard corpus. Using estimated locations we achieve a 2.1% relative reduction which is significant at the 0.02 level. The improvement in the estimated case is from reducing insertions caused by burst noise.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMIGRANT STATUS AND UNDIAGNOSED DEMENTIA

In the U.S., the immigrant population is rising, and immigrants are more likely to develop dementia than the U.S.-born population. However, little is known about the rate of undiagnosed dementia among immigrants. This study investigates the relationship between immigrant status and undiagnosed dementia, using 2011 data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study. Data from 7,347 older adults aged 65 years and older (6,531 U.S.-born and 816 immigrants) were included in the analysis. Study participants were divided based on whether they had or had not been diagnosed with dementia, respectively. The results of binary logistic regression showed that being an immigrant was associated with two times higher odds (odds ratio [OR]: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.38-2.92) of undiagnosed dementia compared to US-born participants. Among immigrants, undiagnosed participants had significantly lower levels of depression (t(166)=-2.60, p=.01). Moreover, although marginally significant, the latter were younger (t(166)=-1.90, p=.06) and immigrated at an older age (t(159)=1.87, p=.06) than the diagnosed group. Thus, it is important to tailor dementia education and interventions to the immigrant population, as this may contribute to reducing health disparities in dementia outcomes within the older population.
The Role of Sunscreen in Melasma and Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation

Photosensitive conditions such as melasma and postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are exacerbated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays and visible light making sunscreen use an essential component of treatment. This is especially true in skin of color patients who are less likely to use photoprotection, even if diagnosed with these photoexacerbated conditions. We aimed to evaluate the body of literature to provide evidence for the use of sunscreen in the treatment of melasma and PIH. We reviewed English articles from PubMed, Journals@Ovid Full Text, and Embase using the search terms "sunscreen" and either "melasma" "PIH," or "post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation." Nine relevant publications provide evidence that a broad spectrum of protection, including UVA, UVB, and visible light within sunscreens can play an adjuvant role in therapy for melasma and PIH by stabilizing and improving these pigmentary disorders in skin of color patients. This review illustrates the advantages and limitations of sunscreen use, as well as practice gaps in photoprotection in the skin of color patients with melasma and PIH.
Abstract P5-06-10: Validation of prognostic stage and anatomic stage in the American joint committee on cancer 8th edition for inflammatory breast cancer

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) recently updated its breast cancer staging system to incorporate biological factors, including estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER, PR), and HER2 status, in the new “prognostic stage” in addition to the traditional TNM anatomic stage. For the clinical anatomic staging, IBCs are classified at T4d; N0-2 as IIIB; and N3 as IIIC. For the clinical prognostic staging, ER+/PR+/HER2+/grade1-2 staged as IIIA; ER+/PR-/HER2-/grade3, ER-/PR+/HER2-/grade3, and all triple-negative cancers staged as IIIC; and all others as IIIB. We undertook this study to validate the clinical prognostic and anatomic stages for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive subgroup. The prognostic staging system, which was developed using non-IBC data, has not been validated in IBC. Methods: We established two cohorts of IBC patients diagnosed without distant metastasis: (1) patients treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1989 and 2017 (MDA-cohort) and (2) patients registered in the SEER database between 2010 and 2015 (SEER-cohort). Survival endpoints including overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was calculated by the competing risk analysis. The log-rank test was used to compare differences in endpoints between staging groups. The Harrell concordance index (C index) was used to quantify staging models’ predictive performance. A higher C index indicates a better predictive performance. Results: We studied 885 patients in the MDA cohort and 338 in the SEER cohort. In the MDA cohort, the prognostic stage upstaged 248 patients (28%) and downstaged 146 (16%) comparing with the anatomic stage. The prognostic stage showed significant predictive power for BCSS, OS, and DFS (all P Conclusions: The prognostic stage incorporating biological factors provided more accurate prognostication for IBC patients than the anatomic stage. Our results show that the 8th edition AJCC prognostic staging system is optimal for prognostification in IBC. Citation Format: Kumiko Kida, Kenneth R Hess, Bora Lim, Toshiaki Iwase, Sudpreeda Chainitikun, Maryanne E Sapon, Vicente Valero, Anthony Lucci, Carisa Le-Petross, Wendy A Woodward, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Gabriel N Hortobagyi, Debu Tripathy, Naoto T Ueno. Validation of prognostic stage and anatomic stage in the American joint committee on cancer 8th edition for inflammatory breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-10.
Amino acids that are well tolerated in random peptides in E. coli are enriched in young animal but not young plant genes

Proteins9 great potential for harm, via misfolding and aggregation, does not prevent them from being born de novo from non-coding DNA. To investigate how newborn proteins might "first, do no harm", we estimate fitnesses from an experiment that competed Escherichia coli lineages that each expressed a unique random peptide. A variety of peptide metrics significantly predict lineage fitness, but almost all this predictive power stems from simple amino acid composition. Low fitness is predicted by hydrophobic and positively charged residues, positive net charge, aggregation prone regions, and under-dispersed hydrophobic residues, while high fitness is predicted by disorder-promoting, negatively charged, small residues, and negative net charge. The same amino acids that predict high fitness in E. coli are enriched in young Pfams in animals, but not in plants. To modify Jacques Monod9s famous quote, what makes peptides benign in E.coli also makes them benign in elephants, but not in eucalyptus.
Assessing the Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Disinfection and the Risk of Transmission from Clinical Lesions

Background HPV genomes can be detected on medical devices following hospital disinfectant procedures. Recent reports concluded that oncogenic HPVs derived from laboratory tissue-based models are not susceptible to commonly used high-level disinfectants, intensifying concerns that medical instruments may provide transmission of nosocomial HPVs infections. Therefore, we determined the infectious load of HPVs from clinical lesions and investigated the effectiveness of disinfectants on HPV virions derived from laboratory model systems. Methods Infectious HPV virions were isolated from cell culture, organotypic epithelial tissue cultures, and mouse xenografts. Clinical samples from recurrent respiratory papillomas (RRPs) and anogenital warts were obtained under IRB approval. The infectivity of HPV virion stocks was measured by the detection of spliced viral E1^E4 mRNAs in infected keratinocytes. Infections were validated by time-dependent detection of E1^E4 mRNAs, resistance to ribonuclease treatment and susceptibility to antibody-mediated neutralization. Our infectivity assay demonstrated a dynamic range of >3-5 log10. Suspension-based disinfection assays employed diluted ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and 0.825% hypochlorite. Results In contrast to prior reports, we found that validated HPV virions obtained from a variety of sources were susceptible to a 2.5 to 4 log10 reduction in infectious titer when exposed as directed to OPA or hypochlorite. Some HPV virion stocks failed to meet the infectivity criteria of time-dependent detection of E1^E4 mRNAs, resistance to ribonuclease and susceptibility to antibody-mediated neutralization. Such unvalidated virus stocks are likely to produce spurious results and lead to confounding conclusions. Assessment of HPV infectious titers from clinical lesions suggests that compared to common warts, clinical RRP and anogenital warts have lower levels of virions present at apical surfaces. Conclusions We conclude that laboratory sourced HPVs are susceptible to disinfection by OPA and hypochlorite. As the levels of infectious virions recovered from HPV-induced lesions fall below those used in our assays, proper cleaning and disinfection processing is likely to be effective
Distributed Control of Linear Multi-Channel Systems: Summary of Results

A solution is given to the basic distributed feed-back control problem for a multi-channel linear system assuming only that the system is jointly controllable, jointly observable and has an associated neighbor graph which is strongly connected. The solution is an observer-based control system which is implemented in a distributed manner. Using these ideas, a solution is also given to the distributed set-point control problem for a multi-channel linear system in which each and every agent with access to the system is able to independently adjust its controlled output to any desired set-point value. An example is given to briefly illustrate how network transmission delays might be dealt with.
Immune and Nonimmune Hemolytic Anemia

In humans, red blood cells (RBCs) make up a quarter of all cells in the body. Around two billion new RBCs are produced daily. Each RBC survives for about 120 days in the circulation (Shemin and Rittenberg, J Biol Chem. 166:627–636, 1946). Hemolysis is therefore defined as reduced survival of circulating RBCs due to premature destruction. Under steady state conditions, the rate of RBC production equals the rate of RBC loss. As a compensatory mechanism for hemolysis, increased erythropoiesis occurs in the bone marrow, with resultant increase in the reticulocyte count. Hemolytic anemia manifests when this compensatory mechanism cannot keep up with the increased destruction of erythrocytes. Hemolysis can result from intrinsic red cell abnormalities, extrinsic factors, or both. This chapter will discuss extrinsic or extracorpuscular causes of hemolytic anemia, which includes both immune and nonimmune-mediated mechanisms. RBC disorders secondary to intrinsic membrane protein defects, enzyme dysfunction, or hemoglobinopathy are covered in separate chapters. This chapter consists of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and, finally, discusses treatment options for extrinsic causes of hemolytic anemia.
Study on emission spectral lines of hematite and magnetite for purity’s differentiation

Iron oxides have been investigated by employing mostly Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). However, absorption spectra sometimes are difficult to obtain in situ, where accessibility to the location is limited. In this paper, we propose using emission spectra to investigate the purity of hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4). We used an infrared beam (wavelength of 1064 nm) from a pulsed laser to obtain emission spectra of the α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 for two different purities (99.99% and 96%) ranging from visible to near-infrared regions. The average values of full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the 99.99% purity were found to be 0.15 nm and 0.17 nm for the hematite and the magnetite, respectively; the average values of FWHM for the 96% purity were found to be 0.19 nm and 0.23 nm for the hematite and the magnetite, respectively. In addition, it is found that lower purity iron oxides exhibited a higher amplitude in the broader emission spectrum when compared to the iron oxides with high purity under the same experimental conditions. Therefore, by observing the amplitude of the broader emission spectra, it is possible to differentiate qualitatively between hematite and magnetite purities; moreover, from the average value of the FWHM of the spectral lines, it is possible to evaluate percentage purity content of hematite and magnetite, which are useful for different mechanical and biomedical applications. FTIR measurements also confirmed that the purity of the oxides can be found by measuring the peaks’ shifts. However, the proposed technique can be used in place of FTIR, where accessibility to the measurement’s location becomes problematic.
Systemic Maternal Inflammation and Postnatal Hyperoxia Induce Early Life Cardiovascular Contractile Abnormalities in Mice

BACKGROUND: Young adults who were born prematurely have higher rates of heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and systolic dysfunction than those born full term. The mechanism underlying these abnormalities likely include changes in the contractile machinery of the heart, including α myosin heavy chain (αMHC) and β myosin heavy chain (βMHC). microRNA-208a and microRNA-208b play key roles in the regulation of myosin heavy chain expression. In adult mice, previous exposure to perinatal inflammation and postnatal …
An IoT based Three-Dimensional Dynamic Drone Delivery (3D 4 ) System

The next decades will witness a huge growth of cities whether from a population or an infrastructure standpoint. Consequently, services like last-mile delivery will be harder to manage and operate due to the complex city ecosystem (people, infrastructure, and services). Due to the increase in population, more high-rise buildings will be seen in cities. In addition, the rapid growth in information and communication technology will require smart ways to meet the delivery needs of people. This paper proposes a “Three-Dimensional Dynamic Drone Delivery (3D4)” system that aims to enable vertical deliveries by adding an extra dimension (Z-axis) to the conventional two-dimensional delivery systems. The proposed system enables the user to receive shipment anywhere as requested. This system also addresses common delivery problems such as conventional fixed-point deliveries, package security, and enhance customer satisfaction.
The relationship between the hand pattern used during fast wheelchair propulsion and shoulder pain development.

Abstract Up to 84% of manual wheelchair users (MWCU) with spinal cord injury experience shoulder pain, which is correlated with shoulder adductor weakness in this population. Modeling studies have shown weak shoulder adductors lead to compensations from the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles during propulsion, which may lead to altered propulsion mechanics. However, the role recovery phase hand pattern has in pain development is unclear, as each hand pattern is associated with unique mechanics and different levels of muscle demand. Previous research found no correlation between hand pattern and shoulder pain at self-selected speeds. However, fast propulsion may exacerbate poor mechanics caused by shoulder muscle weakness, which may reveal those at risk for pain development. The present study evaluated whether the hand pattern used during fast wheelchair propulsion is correlated with shoulder pain. We also assessed whether shoulder adductor strength was correlated with hand pattern. Fast propulsion data from two subsets of MWCU were analyzed at three time points (baseline, 18 months, 36 months). All participants were pain-free at baseline. Subset 1 compared individuals who remained pain-free to those who developed shoulder pain. Subset 2 compared individuals with chronic pain at follow-up to those whose pain resolved over time. The hand pattern used was not different between groups in either subset. However, more over-rim patterns were correlated with lower adductor strength in Subset 1. These results suggest that although the hand pattern used during fast propulsion is not correlated with shoulder pain, more over-rim hand patterns may indicate weaker shoulder adductors.
Sex-biased clinical presentation and outcomes from COVID-19.

Abstract Males are disproportionately affected by severe disease and death from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In their recent article, Mussini et al. found that among people admitted with severe COVID-19, males had higher biomarkers of peripheral inflammation and were more likely to require invasive mechanical ventilation and die from COVID-19 than females. These findings provide evidence that the clinical progression of COVID-19, including development of respiratory failure, is worse for males than females. Greater consideration of sex a biological variable is needed in studies of COVID-19 outcomes and even vaccination.
Inference on win ratio for cluster-randomized semi-competing risk data

The cluster randomization has been increasingly popular for pragmatic clinical trials by many public health researchers. The main advantages of using the cluster randomization include minimizing experimental contaminations, increasing the administrative efficiency, and having higher probability of compliances. Semi-competing risks data arise when a terminal event censors a nonterminal event, but not vice versa, and abundant literature exists on model-based methods to analyze such data. The win ratio is a purely nonparametric summary measure of a group effect in semi-competing risks data where the components of the composite endpoint get prioritized. In this paper, we propose inference on the win ratio for cluster-randomized semi-competing risks data, which can be formulated as the ratio of two clustered U-statistics. First the asymptotic joint distribution of the two clustered U-statistics is derived using the Cramer–Wold device, their variance and covariance estimators are evaluated, and then a test statistic for the win ratio for cluster-randomized semi-competing risks data is constructed. Simulation results are presented to assess type I error probabilities and powers of the test statistic. The proposed method is illustrated with a real data set from a multi-center phase III clinical trial on breast cancer, treating the clinics as randomized clusters.
Threshold Concept Pedagogy for Antiracist Social Studies Teaching

This conceptual article explores the use of threshold concepts to help pre-service teachers develop antiracist dispositions. Threshold concepts are “troublesome knowledge” within a discipline that ...
Structural Basis of GIRK2 Channel Modulation by Cholesterol and PIP 2

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels are important for determining neuronal excitability and have been implicated in a number of neurological diseases. In addition to G proteins, GIRK channels are also regulated by membrane cholesterol, which is elevated in the brain for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s Dementia and Parkinson’s Disease. The structural mechanism of cholesterol modulation of GIRK channels is not well understood. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM) structures of GIRK2 in the presence and absence of the cholesterol analog cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) and PIP2. The structures reveal that CHS binds near PIP2 in lipid-facing hydrophobic pockets of the transmembrane domain. Our analysis suggests that CHS stabilizes PIP2 interaction with the channel and promotes the engagement of the cytoplasmic domain onto the transmembrane region. Mutagenesis of residues in one CHS binding pocket occludes cholesterol-dependent potentiation. Elucidating the cholesterol-binding site and characterizing the structural mechanisms underlying modulation of neuronal GIRK channels could facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for treating human diseases.
Ascanius Survives: Domenicus van Wijnen's Later, but not Lost, Painting An Allegory of Amsterdam (after 1690)

Allegory of Amsterdam may be the last painting by Domenicus van Wijnen (1661ca.1700), called Ascanius, who was active in the Schildersbent in Rome before returning to the Netherlands around 1690. Its recent reappearance is opportunity for reexamining the artist, best known from works in Dublin and Budapest, and late seventeenth-century Dutch painting. The central figure in Van Wijnen’s classical Allegory is an artist, poised to draw, who receives inspiration from the Maid of Amsterdam. Other figures on the ground, water, and in the sky, hold attributes and objects that attest to Amsterdam’s supremacy in commerce, culture, and politics. Van Wijnen’s personal circumstances offered reasons for self-identifying with the artist whose ideal of his home city was an enlightened civic patronage that is the equal, indeed the rival, of European princely magnificence. Ascendant, too, are the arts, which classicism enabled to represent this apotheosis. Van Wijnen openly refers to the architecture of Jacob van Campen and the sculpture of Artus Quellinus, and to the gesamtkunstwerk of the Amsterdam Town Hall. His most conspicuous allusions, however, are to Gerard de Lairesse; Allegory revises two of De Lairesse’s late paintings, making the revisions part of the meaning. The poetry of Vondel is also evoked for comparison of the painting with a tableau vivant in the Amsterdam Schouwburg. In the poetic allusion, Van Wijnen represents himself as the Dutch Ascanius, spiritual descendant of Vondel’s Dutch Aeneas, Gijsbrecht van Amstel, returned to a glorious city that has replaced classical Rome.
Questioning Gender and Sexuality Binaries

Abstract Social work has largely adopted the oppression model in our research, practice, education, policy and advocacy work. These essentialist constructions rely on the binary categorizations of male/female and heterosexuality/homosexuality. Largely missing from the mainstream social work literature are the perspectives of postmodern/queer theorists, the latest sex research, and the experience of transgendered individuals. These perspectives offer critiques of gender and sexuality binaries as well as libratory goals for social justice. Tensions between the postmodern perspective and the social work liberal model are discussed, and suggestions for incorporating the ideas emanating from queer theorists, new sex research, and the lived experiences of the transgendered into all areas of social work are offered.
The Resident Services Coordinator Program

Abstract This article discusses a two-year federally funded on-site service coordination program, the Resident Services Coordinator Program, designed to increase elderly residents' ability to age in place in senior housing. The key component of the program is the placement of a Resident Services Coordinator, a social service professional, on-site in federally assisted senior housing. Evaluation of the program demonstrated the importance of on-site service coordination for both elderly residents and housing management. The implications of the program for shaping housing policy are presented.