cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A chief of service rotation as an alternative approach to pediatric otolaryngology inpatient care.

Importance Maintaining an outpatient practice and providing high-quality inpatient care pose significant challenges to the traditional call team approach. Objective To introduce a unique rotating hospitalist inpatient program and assess its clinical, educational, and financial impact. The chief of service (COS) program requires 1 attending physician to rotate weekly as chief of the inpatient service with no conflicting elective duties. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective internal billing data review performed at a tertiary pediatric hospital. A total of 1241 patients were evaluated by the COS from October 2012 through October 2013. Interventions All patients were treated by the inpatient service under the supervision of the COS. Main Outcomes and Measures A retrospective analysis of patient encounters and procedures, includingInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, locations of service, clinicians, service dates, and average weekly relative value units (RVUs). Results Over the study period, the COS was involved in the care of 1241 patients, generating 2786 billable patient encounters. The COS averaged 11.2 patient encounters per day. The most common reasons for consultation were respiratory distress, dysphagia, and stridor. Of patient encounters, 63.0% resulted in a procedure; 82.8% of those procedures were performed in the operating room with the most common being lower airway endoscopy (340 [19.4%]). The average weekly RVUs for the COS (232) were comparable with those of the average weekly outpatient clinic and procedural RVUs of the other otolaryngology faculty in the group (240). Conclusions and Relevance The COS program was created to meet the clinical, educational, and organizational demands of a high-volume and high-acuity inpatient service. It is a financially sustainable model with unique advantages, particularly for the staff who maintain their outpatient practices without disruption and for the trainees who have the opportunity to work closely with the entire faculty. Patients are provided supervised evaluations and continuity of care. This rotating hospitalist program is a viable alternative to the full-time hospitalist staff model.
Temperature sensitivity of aberrant RNA splicing with a mutation in theG+5 position of intron 37 of the gene for type III procollagen from a patient with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type IV

A single-base mutation in intron 37 of the gene for type III procollagen (COL3A1) was found in a proband with the type IV variant of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Probe-protection experiments with S1 nuclease and RNA from fibroblasts incubated at 37 degrees C demonstrated that about 35% of the total mRNA or about 70% of the mRNA from mutated allele was spliced by exon skipping. The effects of the mutation were temperature-sensitive in that the amount of RNA from the mutated allele that was spliced by exon skipping was 87.1 +/- 7.7% at 31 degrees C, 70.1 +/- 6.5% at 37 degrees C, and 85.4 +/- 11.1% at 42 degrees C. The effects of temperature on aberrant RNA splicing were, therefore, the reverse of those reported for four previous mutants in collagen genes. The increase in abnormal RNA splicing when the temperature was raised from 31 degrees to 37 degrees C seen with previously reported mutants suggested that RNA-RNA hybridization of U1snRNA to the 5'-splice site in the substrate may be limiting in the processing of transcripts from the mutated alleles, since RNA-RNA hybridizations become less favorable at higher temperatures. The decrease in abnormal RNA splicing seen here when the temperature was raised from 31 degrees to 37 degrees C suggested that protein-RNA or protein-protein binding steps become rate limiting with the G+5 mutation in intron 37 of the COL3A1 gene.
Aerosol delivery to intubated patients

Introduction: Approximately 20 million patients are intubated in the USA each year, primarily for the administration of drugs. While the vast majority of these medications are administered as gas or instilled, there is a growing practice of aerosol administration to intubated patients, often associated with mechanical ventilation. As no drugs have been approved for aerosol administration to intubated infants or adults, much of these practices are technically off-label. Areas covered: History and advances in aerosol delivery with methods to determine delivery, with variables that impact delivery and the evolution of new technology and techniques. A literature search was undertaken using several databases including Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, Cinahl and Science Direct, covered materials from 1885 through January 2013. Expert opinion: As aerosol deposition has increased with newer technologies from 1 – 3% up to 30 – 60%, there exists an opportunity to develop drugs to better treat these sickest of patients an...
Fire and fire surrogate treatment effects on leaf litter arthropods in a western Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest

Abstract Frequent, low-intensity fires were a common feature of Sierran forest ecosystems, but suppression policies over the past century have left many forests at risk for catastrophic wildfires. Recent policies highlight the use of prescribed burning or harvesting as fire risk reduction tools, but few studies have investigated the impacts of these management practices on the leaf litter fauna of Sierran forests. This study examines how three fire and “fire surrogate” treatments, prescribed burning, overstory thinning with understory mastication, and combined thinning and burning, impact diversity and abundance of Coleoptera and other leaf litter arthropods. Pitfall trapping was used to collect litter arthropods before and immediately after treatments in replicated forest compartments. The diverse Coleoptera assemblage was dominated by only a few common species, with many rare species represented by only one or two individuals. Rank–abundance diagrams indicated that much of the change in the beetle assemblage due to the treatments was a result of changes in the numbers of rare species. Indicator species analysis showed several species closely allied with the treated compartments, but few with the untreated controls. Both NMS and CCA ordination show considerable change in overall assemblage structure on compartments treated with fire, but less change in the thinned compartments. Coleoptera species richness was slightly higher in burned compartments. Some common beetle species, families of beetles, and other common groups such as ants and spiders showed changes in abundance due to the treatments, but the changes were taxon-specific and showed no general pattern. Overall impacts of the treatments appear to be moderate, and the increased habitat heterogeneity at the compartment level may provide additional habitat for many rare species to coexist. We conclude that the use of fire and fire surrogate treatments in Sierran mixed-conifer forests is justified from the standpoint of their effects on leaf litter arthropods, but the history of management at the site and the scale of treatments must be carefully considered.
Free vibration of composite beams using a refined shear flexible beam element

Abstract A finite element model based on a higher-order shear deformation theory is developed to study the free vibration characteristics of laminated composite beams. The Poisson effect, which is often neglected in one-dimensional laminated beam analysis, is incorporated in the formulation of the beam constitutive equation. Also, the effects of in-plane inertia and rotary inertia are considered in the formulation of the mass matrix. Numerical results for symmetrically laminated composite beams are obtained as special cases and are compared with other exact solutions available in the literature. A variety of parametric studies are conducted to demonstrate the influence of beam geometry, Poisson effect, ply orientation, number of layers and boundary conditions on the frequencies and mode shapes of generally layered composite beams.
The relationship between attitudes toward corporal punishment and the perception and reporting of child maltreatment.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of workers' attitudes toward corporal punishment on the workers' perception and reporting of child maltreatment. Three hundred twenty-five (325) potential entry level workers participated in this study. METHOD: Responding to vignettes in multi-item scales, study participants 1) rated their approval of parental discipline involving corporal punishment; 2) rated the seriousness of incidents of probable maltreatment; and 3) indicated whether or not they would report the incidents of maltreatment to child protective services. Data were analyzed using correlation analyses and multiple regression procedures. RESULTS: 1) Respondents with higher scores for approval of corporal punishment were less likely to perceive maltreatment; 2) respondents with higher scores for approval of corporal punishment were less likely to report maltreatment; 3) the likelihood that a respondent would report maltreatment was a joint function of the respondent's perception of the seriousness of an incident and approval of corporal punishment. CONCLUSION: Attitudes about corporal punishment are important predictors of reporting behavior. Social service agencies face a challenge to provide workers with training which will enable them to detect and report maltreatment despite workers' individual beliefs about discipline and punishment. Language: en
Apparatus for Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic and Metallic Materials to 1200°C.

A steady-state apparatus for measuring thermal conductivity by a direct method, viz., water calorimetry, is described. The accuracy of measurement is about 1 to 3% in the temperature range 30° to 30O°C. and about 3 to 10% in the range 300° to 1200°C. The samples are rods 9 in. long and in. in diameter, although smaller sizes can be accommodated. One feature of the design is that the sample thermocouples can be plugged into the unit. Curves for samples of alumina, stainless steel, and graphite are included.
High light stress inducing photoinhibition and protein degradation of photosystem I in Brassica rapa

Abstract PSI is one of the two photosynthetic reaction centers in the chloroplast of higher plants. It functions as a plastocyanin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase that catalyzes light-dependent electron transfer from reduced plastocyanin to oxidized ferredoxin. In order to understand the functional flexibility (i.e. stability, turnover and adaptation to stress) of PSI, a series of light stress conditions were introduced to induce PSI photoinhibition in Brassica rapa plants. Thylakoid membranes were subsequently isolated, and PSI photochemical activity and protein degradation were examined. The results demonstrated that high light stress (600 μmol photon m−2 s−1 versus 100 μmol photon m−2 s−1) induced PSI photoinhibition, by up to 35% decrease of PSI activity within 2–4 h. In addition, we found a recovery response of PSI to the high light stress, which brought the decreased PSI activity to a much higher level within 20–24 h, equivalent to that grown in constant high light conditions. However, this recovery process of PSI was eliminated and more severe PSI photoinhibition was induced by a combination of high light with drought and/or high temperature (35 °C). Western blotting analysis further showed that light-induced reduction of PSI activity was concomitant with degradation of PsaA and PsaB, and loss of PsaC in the thylakoid membranes. These results indicate that PSI photoinhibition may occur in most crop plants in a growth season since its reaction center proteins are the very early targets of photooxidative stresses.
Prevalence of associated extracardiac malformations in the congenital heart disease population.

The authors hypothesized that changes in prenatal factors such as termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies and prenatal vitamin supplementation have altered the epidemiology of patients with multiple congenital anomalies and may have had an impact on their prevalence in the current era. This study reviewed the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 1998 to 2008 and compared the prevalence of ECM among live births with a CHD diagnosis (case) and that among live births without a CHD diagnosis (control). For this study, 42 ECM and 10 CHD diagnoses were selected for subanalysis. Longitudinal analysis also was performed to determine temporal variation of ECM prevalence in the CHD population during the 11-year study period. The cohort in this study consisted of 97,154 patients in the case group and 12,078,482 subjects in the control group. The prevalences in the CHD population were 11.4 % for nonsyndromic congenital malformation (NSCM), 2.2 % for genetic syndrome (GS), and 13.6 % for overall extracardiac congenital malformation (ECM). The prevalences in the control group were 6.7 % for NSCM, 0.3 % for GS, and 7.0 % for ECM. The findings showed a strong association of NSCM [odds ratio (OR) 1.88; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.73–1.94], GS (OR 2.52; 95 % CI 2.44–2.61), and overall ECM (OR 2.01; 95 % CI 1.97–2.14) with CHD. The prevalences of GS and multiple organ system CM decreased significantly during the study period. This study was the largest and most comprehensive population-based study to evaluate the association between CHD and ECM in newborns.
Evidence that two mutations, wDZL and z1, affecting synapsis-dependent genetic behavior of white are transcriptional regulatory mutations

Abstract Both the white mutant allele, w DZL , and the zeste mutant allele, z 1 , reduce white transcript levels in adult head tissues, but have no effect on these levels in other tested adult tissues, w DZL results from insertion of a complex transposon approximately 5.0 kb 5′ to white . Juxtaposition of this transposon to white produces a novel transcription unit beginning in the transposon and producing a mature transcript containing both white and transposon sequences. Head specific expression of this novel transcription unit correlates with the observed repression of wild-type white transcript levels, w DZL and z 1 are known to cause synapsis-dependent repression of w 1 expression in trans as assessed by eye pigment deposition. Collectively, these results suggest an unexpected and informative correspondence between cis and synapsis-dependent trans regulatory effects. We discuss the implied mechanistic relationship between regulation of transcription and transvection effects in Drosophila.
"il faut cultiver notre jardin." Cultivating the College Garden of Character--A Process of Character Development at Liberal Arts Colleges

The undergraduate college experience should provide not only intellectual and social development, but also the development of commendable human qualities–this is commonly referred to as character development. Liberal arts colleges pose a special challenge for character development–unlike professional or religious institutions, virtues and values may not be prescribed. This paper responds to the challenge with a process approach.
Utilization of Hospice Services in a Population of Patients With Huntington's Disease

Abstract Context Although the early and middle stages of Huntington's disease (HD) and its complications have been well described, less is known about the course of late-stage illness. In particular, little is known about the population of patients who enroll in hospice. Objectives Our goal is to describe the characteristics of patients with HD who enrolled in hospice. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of electronic medical record data from 12 not-for-profit hospices in the United States from 2008 to 2012. Results Of the 164,032 patients admitted to these hospices, 101 (0.06%) had a primary diagnosis of HD. Their median age was 57 (IQR 48–65) and 53 (52.5%) were women. Most patients were cared for by a spouse (n = 36, 36.6%) or adult child (n = 20, 19.8%). At the time of admission, most patients were living either at home (n = 39, 38.6%) or in a nursing home (n = 41, 40.6%). All were either bedbound or could ambulate only with assistance. The most common symptom reported during enrollment in hospice was pain (n = 34, 33.7%) followed by anxiety (n = 30, 29.7%), nausea (n = 18, 17.8%), and dyspnea (n = 10, 9.9%). Patients had a median length of stay in hospice of 42 days, which was significantly longer than that of other hospice patients in the sample (17 days), P Conclusion Patients with HD are admitted to hospice at a younger age compared with other patients (57 vs. 76 years old) but have a significant symptom burden and limited functional status. Although hospice care emphasizes the importance of helping patients to remain in their homes, only a minority of these patients were able to die at home.
An analysis of nonpartisan election media expenditure decisions using limited dependent variable methods

Abstract In order to maximize the information disseminating function of campaigning, candidates for political office must make numerous decisions regarding the allocation of resources for various campaign activities. One of the most important financial decisions a candidate must make occurs in determining the extent and character of mass media expenditures. To determine mass media budget allocations, two decisions are required. First, the type(s) of mass media to employ in the campaign, and second, the amount of the budget to allocate to each media selected. These two decisions are not necessarily independent since high fixed costs are associated with employing electronic media. In this paper, we examine one particular form of mass media, television, and its use in nonpartisan elections. Because of the nature of the decision process in using television advertising an estimation technique for limited dependent variables is employed to predict first, the probability that a candidate will use television advertising in a campaign, and second, the amount spent on such advertising. The occurrence of these outcomes is considered to be a function of both the total financial resources available to the candidate and the type (importance) of the political office sought.
Technique for real-time high-resolution adaptive phase compensation

An “all-optical” approach for the realization of adaptive optical systems potentially containing in excess of a million spatial-resolution elements is reported. A phase-measurement and -compensation technique called an interference phase loop is employed in conjunction with a monolithic optically addressed spatial light modulator (SLM). Wave-front phase compensation and shaping, and the ability to ignore amplitude fluctuations and compensate phase in real time over multiple π radians of dynamic range, were demonstrated in two discrete-channel laboratory test systems containing one and nineteen resolution elements. All-optical phase compensation with a monolithic SLM was also successfully demonstrated.
The Timing of Presidential Nominations to the Lower Federal Courts

Presidents often move quite slowly to exercise their important power of judicial appointment. This study attempts to explain these delays by developing a strategic conception of the timing of presidential nominations to the lower federal courts. We argue that the judicial selection process may be best conceptualized by viewing presidents as strategic actors who prefer to select judges with policy preferences that are as close as possible to those of the president, given senatorial and temporal constraints. We test our argument by estimating a duration model of the length of time between vacancy and nomination for all vacancies in the U.S. District Courts and U.S. Courts of Appeals from 1977 to 1999. Our results indicate that the timing of presidential nominations is a function of both politics and institutional constraint.
The Misbegotten Child of Deep Ecology

This paper offers a critical examination of efforts to use Heidegger's thought to illuminate deep ecology. It argues that deep ecology does not entail a nonanthropocentric or ecocentric environmental ethic; rather, it is best understood as offering an ontological critique of the current environmental crisis, from a perspective of deep anthropocentrism.
THE BEHAVIOR AND NUTRITIONAL PHYSIOLOGY OF SOUTHERN ARMYWORM LARVAE AS A FUNCTION OF PLANT SPECIES CONSUMED IN EARLIER INSTARS

Few differences were observed in biomass digestibility (AD) as related to previous instar feeding experience of the polyphagous southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, on leaves of paper birch, Betula papyrifera; mountain ash, Sorbus americana; and black cherry, Prunus serotina. However, significant improvements of nitrogen utilization efficiencies (NUE's) were observed with previous feeding experience for larvae fed paper birch and mountain ash. For larvae fed black cherry, the assimilation efficiency of biomass and nitrogen utilization efficiency in all treatments were greater than for paper birch and mountain ash, however, final instar growth rates were lowest. In addition, pupae for all replicates of certain cherry-fed treatments were deformed and died. This physiological stress was manifested in the pre-pupal stage as an elongated, bloated appearance, yet the nutritional indices for biomass or nitrogen budgets provided no premonition of any such irregularity. Possible biochemical mechanisms which might be involved (e.g., induction of digestive enzymes and/or detoxication enzymes and their interaction with hormone systems) remain to be analyzed. RESUME Influence des plantes consommees pendant les premiers stades larvaires sur le comportement et la physiologie alimentaire des chenilles de Spodoptera eridania Peu de differences ont ete observees quant a la digestibilite de la biomasse (AD), chez des chenilles de Spodoptera eridania elevees pendant les stades anterieurs sur feuilles de Betula papyrifera. Sorbus americana et Prunus serotina. Une amelioration significative de l'efficacite de l'utilisation de l'azote (NUE's) a ete cependant observee chez les chenilles ayant consomme precedemment B. papyrifera et S. americana. Pour les chenilles alimentees sur P. serotina, les efficacites de l'assimilation de la biomasse et de l'utilisation de l'azote sont dans tous les cas superieures a celles obtenues avec B. papyrifera et S. americana, bien que la croissance pendant le dernier stade larvaire soit plus faible; de plus pour toutes les series de certains types d'alimentation sur P. serotina toutes les chrysalides etaient deformees et moururent. Ce stress physiologique se manifestait des le stade prenymphal par un aspect etire et bouffi; les indices nutritionnels pour les budgets de biomasse et d'azote ne permettaient cependant pas de prevoir de telles anomalies. Les mecanismes biochimiques qui peuvent etre impliques (par exemple induction d'enzymes digestives et (ou) enzymes de detoxification et leurs interactions avec les systemes hormonaux) restent a analyser.
The 10,000,000,000-Volt question: What is the best choice of proton energy to drive a pulsed spallation neutron source?

In pulsed spallation neutron sources, higher proton beam current or higher proton energy brings higher proton beam power, and from greater beam power come more neutrons. Consequently, accelerator scientists and target systems designers conceive systems to produce ever-higher intensities of neutrons, and the question arises: What is the best choice of proton energy to drive a pulsed spallation neutron source? Meanwhile target engineering, radiation shielding, and neutronic coupling to moderators must be accomplished effectively. This paper addresses the title question from the target side, assessing the neutron yield, the distribution of leakage neutrons, and the power density distribution as functions of proton energy.
Repetition between and within languages in free recall

Bilingual Ss were given free recall lists consisting of both English and Spanish words. In those lists, words were repeated in the same language (within-language repetition) or were followed by their translation in the other language (between-language repetition). The distance, i.e., number of other words intervening, between the word and its repetition was systematically varied. The results show that the probability of recall is an orderly function of distance, type of repetition and their interaction. The greater the distance, the higher the probability of recall. Between-language repetitions give higher recall overall than within-language repetitions. This advantage is most marked at short distances, dis-appearing at the greater distances. These effects are related to a picture of short-term storage and the way in which a word is represented in it.
Coding processes for pictures and words

Subjects were presented with either pictures or with the verbal names of the pictures in a recognition paradigm. Items were presented for either 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, or 2.00 sec with either 0.25, 1.00, or 2.00 sec between successive items. A recognition test followed where subjects gave confidence judgments on a six-point rating scale as to whether they had seen the items before. Analysis of both correct responses and observer sensitivity (estimated by signal detection theory methods) indicated that the processing rate for words was greater than the processing rate for pictures during the presentation interval while these rates did not differ as a function of the inter-slide interval. The results were interpreted in terms of continuous processing models.
Biochemical studies on blood of guinea pigs treated with pituitary adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisone.

SummaryNormal values for the following constituents of the blood of guinea pigs are presented: blood cell count, serum proteins, cholesterol, chloride, uric acid, creatine, creatinine and glutathione. Physiological alterations were produced by the administration of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone and cortisone as evidenced by an increase in the uric acid/creatinine and albumin/globulin ratios, a decrease in the relative mononuclear and an increase in the polymorphonuclear leucocyte counts.
Effect of disintegrants on drug dissolution from capsules filled on a dosator-type automatic capsule-filling machine

Abstract Various levels of newer disintegrants were compared against 10% starch and 0% disintegrant in dicalcium phosphate-based hard gelatin capsules filled on an instrumented Zanasi machine at a constant compression force. Hydrochlorothiazide or acetaminophen were included for drug dissolution studies. Disintegration time, ejection force and overall running characteristics were also considered. In general, the modified celluloses were most effective in enhancing drug dissolution, followed, in order, by the modified starches, corn starch, cross-linked PVP and the control (0% disintegrant). Reducing the lubricant level (magnesium stearate) or using a more soluble drug (acetaminophen) required less modified cellulose (AcDiSol) to exert a similar effect on drug dissolution. Disintegration and dissolution data correlated best with the more soluble drug.
Precise temperature control of the Gilford spectrophotometer: a simple and inexpensive modification.

Abstract Significant discrepancies exist between the temperature of the regulating water bath andthat of a reaction mixture within a Gilford spectrophotometer. These discrepancies are eliminated for temperatures between 25 and 40°C when the regulated water is also circulated through a modified cuvette holder. The holder is modified by extending copper tubing through position 1, along the base, and out through position 4. The water is circulated through this tubing. Positions 2 and 3 remain operative. An extended chamber lid (Gilford Part No. 1242X13) is used to accomodate the tubing.
Oxygen and ozone in the early earth's atmosphere

The precise amount of O2 and O3 in the earth's prebiological paleoatmosphere has been a topic of considerable discussion in the past. Since the photolysis of H2O and CO2, the prebiological mechanisms to produce O2, depends on the ultraviolet flux from the Sun, a reliable quantification of the problem requires detailed knowledge of such flux. Using the most recent astronomical observation of young stars from the International Ultraviolet Explorer, as well as a detailed photochemical model of the paleoatmosphere, it is found that the amount of O2 in the prebiological paleoatmosphere may have been as much as a million times greater than previously estimated. Some of the implications of this new value are discussed.
On the applicability of available bandwidth estimation techniques and tools

Available Bandwidth Estimation Techniques and Tools (ABETTs) have recently been envisioned as a supporting mechanism in areas such as compliance of service level agreements, network management, traffic engineering and real-time resource provisioning, flow and congestion control, construction of overlay networks, fast detection of failures and network attacks, and admission control. However, it is unknown whether current ABETTs can run efficiently in any type of network, under different network conditions, and whether they can provide available bandwidth estimates at the timescales needed by these applications. This article includes a performance evaluation of Pathload, Pathchirp, Spruce, IGI, and Abing in a low cost and flexible test bed. The evaluation includes scenarios and conditions not evaluated before, such as varying the packet loss rate and the propagation delays of the links, the amount of cross-traffic, the capacity of the links, and the cross-traffic packet size. The results demonstrate that ABETTs are far from being ready to be applied in all these applications and scenarios. In addition, the article clearly indicates those aspects that need further research and which ABETTs are the best candidates for specific applications and environments.
Compact Modeling of Interconnect Circuits over Wide Frequency Band by Adaptive Complex-Valued Sampling Method

In this article, we propose a new model order-reduction method for compact modeling of interconnect circuits over wide frequency band using a novel complex-valued adaptive sampling and error estimation scheme. We address the outstanding error control problems in the existing sampling-based reduction framework over a frequency band. Our new method, WBMOR, explicitly and efficiently computes the exact residual errors to guide the sampling process. We show by sampling along the imaginary axis and performing a new complex-valued reduction that the reduced model will match exactly with the original model at the sample points. Additionally, we show in theory that the proposed method can achieve the error bound over a given frequency range. In practice, the new algorithm can help designers choose the best order of the reduced model for the given frequency range and error bound via the adaptive sampling scheme. In addition, WBMOR can perform wideband accurate reductions of interconnect circuits for analog and RF applications where model accuracy needs to be maintained over a wide frequency range. We compare several sampling schemes such as Monte Carlo, logarithmic, recently proposed resampling, and ARMS methods. Experimental results on a number of RLC circuits show that WBMOR is much more efficient than all the other sampling methods, including the recently proposed resampling and ARMS schemes with the same reduction orders. Compared with the traditional real-valued sampling methods, the complex-valued sampling method is more accurate for the same computational cost.
Robust nonlinear filtering for a problem with unbounded signal

We study the robust nonlinear filtering problem for the bilinear system dx1 = dw1, dx2 = x1dw2, with observation dy = x2dt + dv. For every continuous path y(?), the conditional density turns out to be well defined and smooth, up to a small (path-dependent) time.
An evaluation of alternative assessment approaches for intermixing fish populations: a case study with Great Lakes lake whitefish

We used simulation modeling to explore how three statistical catch-at-age approaches for assessing intermixed fisheries performed in terms of assessment accuracy and management performance, under differing productivity, mixing, and harvest levels. Simulations were based on intermixing lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) populations in the upper Laurentian Great Lakes of North America. We found that with intermixing, the “separate” assessment approach, which ignored intermixing and treated mixed populations as unit stocks, produced biased estimates of spawning stock biomass (SSB); however, the “pooled” assessment approach, which lumped populations and assessed them as a single stock, was nearly unbiased in estimating SSB. The “overlap” assessment approach, which estimated the populations in one combined assessment model by incorporating actual mixing rates, was most strongly biased in estimating SSB in the absence of mixing, with bias decreasing as mixing levels increased. With high mixing levels, the overlap method had difficulty converging on unique solutions. The pooled approach provided better management performance than the separate approach with intermixing. When the overlap method could be applied, it provided the greatest SSB with little reductions in yield and the lowest inter-annual variation in yield. Relative performances of the assessment approaches were robust to assumed harvest levels.
Empirical Study on the Financial Characteristics of Chinese Companies Issuing Convertible Bonds

At present, the convertible bonds advance side by side with allotment and additional issuing, and they have been the “troika” of the refinancing for Chinese listed companies. The single-factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were adopted for Chinese listed companies which issued convertible bonds, allotment and additional share issuance from 2002 to 2004, and the results indicated that the companies which issued convertible bonds possessed many characteristics such as high growth property, large scale, low financial risk, low default risk, low stock price and shareholder concentration.
The 2/2 hemoglobin from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 with covalently attached heme: Comparison of X-ray and NMR structures

The X-ray structures of the hemoglobin from Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (GlbN) were solved in the ferric bis-histidine (1.44 A resolution) and cyanide-bound (2.25 A resolution) states with covalently attached heme. The two structures illustrate the conformational changes and cavity opening caused by exogenous ligand binding. They also reveal an unusually distorted heme, ruffled as in c cytochromes. Comparison to the solution structure demonstrates the influence of crystal packing on several structural elements, whereas comparison to GlbN from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 shows subtle differences in heme geometries and environment. The new structures will be instrumental in elucidating GlbN reactivity. Proteins 2014; 82:528–534. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global supply chain risk management strategies

– Global supply chains are more risky than domestic supply chains due to numerous links interconnecting a wide network of firms. These links are prone to disruptions, bankruptcies, breakdowns, macroeconomic and political changes, and disasters leading to higher risks and making risk management difficult. The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of risk management and risk management strategies in global supply chains., – This paper is based on an extensive literature review and a qualitative study comprising 14 in‐depth interviews and a focus group meeting with senior supply chain executives., – The study provides insights into the applicability of six risk management strategies with respect to environmental conditions and the role of three moderators., – The model is developed in a global manufacturing supply chain context. It should be tested in other contexts and with other methods to provide generalizability. The study takes a much needed step toward building a theory of risk management in global supply chains, which opens important future research directions., – This research provides direction to managers for choosing risk management strategies based on the global supply chain environment. Moderators have practical implications for global supply chain managers., – The paper addresses an identified gap in the literature for selecting risk management strategies in global supply chains. It employs grounded theory, a methodology appropriate for theory‐building, to explore a phenomenon with an inadequate theoretical base.
Ethics committees and social issues: potentials and pitfalls.

When the Karen Ann Quinlan case emerged in the mid-1970s and the New Jersey Supreme Court made mention of the role that ethics committees might play in such cases, no one could have predicted at the time what the consequences of that observation might be. It took a while for momentum to build, but we are now seeing the flowering of what is an important movement in the field of bioethics: the interplay of ethics committees and broader societal issues.
University Infrastructural Needs and Decisions in Moving towards Online Delivery Programmes

Successful transition into an online delivery programme requires several critical considerations. This paper provides insight with respect to initiating a systemic needs assessment from the micro to the macro level for any university moving to the online delivery of a complete programme. Moreover, the following four topics are essential in considering how to reduce the probability of serious issues arising: (1) outsourcing possibilities; (2) changing the culture of isolation within the university; (3) challenging the traditional structure of universities; and, (4) shifting expectations for faculty and the necessity for professional development.
Zooplankton life cycles: Direct documentation of pelagic births and deaths relative to diapausing egg production

Zooplankton demographics operate over multiple time scales corresponding to pelagic parthenogenetic generations, an overwintering stage, and an ‘‘egg bank.’’ Comparisons of pelagic birth and death rates with seasonal diapausing egg production provide insights into local species persistence. The spiny cladoceran ( Bythotrephes) possesses morphological adaptations (spines and thick-walled diapausing eggs) that lessen, but do not eliminate, predation effects by fish. Because caudal spines are retained throughout life and are indigestible in fish guts, spine accumulation in sediment traps directly documents patterns of seasonal mortality. Here, we contrast deposition of spines and diapausing eggs in a recently colonized inland lake (Lake Michigamme) with deposition in a larger source lake (Lake Michigan). Direct mortality estimates at the inland lake correspond well with traditional indirect estimates from egg ratio techniques. Although spines are effective against abundant small fish in the inland lake, individuals are susceptible to ingestion by late-season young of year and larger fish. Laboratory experiments confirm that fish are responsible for spine breakage in the water column, accounting for an estimated 62‐71% of seasonal mortality. Effects of late-season predation are lessened because diapausing eggs survive gut passage, yet yearly production of diapausing eggs is low in Lake Michigamme. A more balanced pelagic birth(death) to diapausing egg relationship exists in Lake Michigan, probably because egg-carrying adults find better refuge in central, deeper waters. Since spines catch on seines and diapausing eggs survive gut passage, use of bait fish and live wells promotes Bythotrephes dispersal.
A user-oriented web crawler for selectively acquiring online content in e-health research

Motivation: Life stories of diseased and healthy individuals are abundantly available on the Internet. Collecting and mining such online content can offer many valuable insights into patients’ physical and emotional states throughout the pre-diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment stages of the disease compared with those of healthy subjects. However, such content is widely dispersed across the web. Using traditional query-based search engines to manually collect relevant materials is rather labor intensive and often incomplete due to resource constraints in terms of human query composition and result parsing efforts. The alternative option, blindly crawling the whole web, has proven inefficient and unaffordable for e-health researchers. Results: We propose a user-oriented web crawler that adaptively acquires user-desired content on the Internet to meet the specific online data source acquisition needs of e-health researchers. Experimental results on two cancer-related case studies show that the new crawler can substantially accelerate the acquisition of highly relevant online content compared with the existing state-of-the-art adaptive web crawling technology. For the breast cancer case study using the full training set, the new method achieves a cumulative precision between 74.7 and 79.4% after 5 h of execution till the end of the 20-h long crawling session as compared with the cumulative precision between 32.8 and 37.0% using the peer method for the same time period. For the lung cancer case study using the full training set, the new method achieves a cumulative precision between 56.7 and 61.2% after 5 h of execution till the end of the 20-h long crawling session as compared with the cumulative precision between 29.3 and 32.4% using the peer method. Using the reduced training set in the breast cancer case study, the cumulative precision of our method is between 44.6 and 54.9%, whereas the cumulative precision of the peer method is between 24.3 and 26.3%; for the lung cancer case study using the reduced training set, the cumulative precisions of our method and the peer method are, respectively, between 35.7 and 46.7% versus between 24.1 and 29.6%. These numbers clearly show a consistently superior accuracy of our method in discovering and acquiring userdesired online content for e-health research. Availability and implementation: The implementation of our useroriented web crawler is freely available to non-commercial users via the following Web site: http://bsec.ornl.gov/AdaptiveCrawler.shtml. The Web site provides a step-by-step guide on how to execute the web crawler implementation. In addition, the Web site provides the two study datasets including manually labeled ground truth, initial seeds and the crawling results reported in this article. Contact: xus1@ornl.gov Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Twelfth‐ and Thirteenth‐Century Cistercian Exempla Collections: Role, Diffusion, and Evolution

The second half of the 12th century witnessed the creation of a number of collections of exempla. The collectors were Cistercian monks, and the most productive of them were either in the monastery of Clairvaux in Burgundy or in one of the monasteries in Clairvaux’s filiation. This article discusses the origin, diffusion and evolution of the early collections (ca. 1160–1225), and analyzes the role of the exemplum inside the Cistercian Order, but also its place in the tradition of short narrative texts. The Cistercian exempla were meant for internal consumption, in order to create a common and shared memory for the members of the order. The success of the exempla was such that the preaching orders saw their potential and created their own collections as tools for preachers in the 13th century.
Development of a Validated Stability Indicating HPLC Method for Ranitidine Hydrochloride Syrup

An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the determination of ranitidine HCl in syrup. The samples were analyzed by high-performanc...
A surface-based technique for warping three-dimensional images of the brain

The authors have devised, implemented, and tested a fast, spatially accurate technique for calculating the high-dimensional deformation field relating the brain anatomies of an arbitrary pair of subjects. The resulting three-dimensional (3-D) deformation map can be used to quantify anatomic differences between subjects or within the same subject over time and to transfer functional information between subjects or integrate that information on a single anatomic template. The new procedure is based on developmental processes responsible for variations in normal human anatomy and is applicable to 3-D brain images in general, regardless of modality. Hybrid surface models known as Chen surfaces (based on superquadrics and spherical harmonics) are used to efficiently initialize 3-D active surfaces, and these then extract from both scans the developmentally fundamental surfaces of the ventricles and cortex. The construction of extremely complex surface deformation maps on the internal cortex is made easier by building a generic surface structure to model it. Connected systems of parametric meshes model several deep sulci whose trajectories represent critical functional boundaries. These sulci are sufficiently extended inside the brain to reflect subtle and distributed variations in neuroanatomy between subjects. The algorithm then calculates the high-dimensional volumetric warp (typically with 3842/spl times/256/spl times/3/spl ap/0.1 billion degrees of freedom) deforming one 3-D scan into structural correspondence with the other. Integral distortion functions are used to extend the deformation field required to elastically transform nested surfaces to their counterparts in the target scan. The algorithm's accuracy is tested, by warping 3-D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes from normal subjects and Alzheimer's patients, and by warping full-color 1024/sup 3/ digital cryosection volumes of the human head onto MRI volumes. Applications are discussed, including the transfer of multisubject 3-D functional, vascular, and histologic maps onto a single anatomic template; the mapping of 3-D brain atlases onto the scans of new subjects; and the rapid detection, quantification, and mapping of local shape changes in 3-D medical images in disease and during normal or abnormal growth and development.
Treatment of anxious attachment in infancy and early childhood.

This paper integrates the work of Stern on affect regulation, Ainsworth on quality of attachment, Piaget on cognitive development, Tulving on memory systems, and Bowlby on internal representational models around the issue of promoting secure attachment. It is proposed that procedural models of the self and attachment figures develop in infancy, are maintained throughout the life span, and are accessed preconsciously to regulate everyday behavior. In the preoperational period, semantic models of generalizations regarding the self and others are constructed (often from parents' words), encoded, and accessed linguistically when the expectations implied by procedural models are discrepant with outcomes; that is, semantic models are used for problem solving. Episodic models, encoded by multiple means (e.g., verbally, auditorially, visually) develop last and consist of episodes of experience that can be accessed unconsciously and regulate behavior when individuals are emotionally aroused. Of interest is the relation among these emerging models, the patterns of information processing contained in them, and the means of guiding their development in children experiencing distorted relationships. Treatment approaches drawn from social learning theory, family systems theory, cognitive therapy, and psychodynamic theory are associated with the memory systems and integrated into an approach to treatment.