cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Differentiation: Ecological Aspects of a Multidimensional Concept

Residential segregation is a key aspect of the social organization of the city. The spatial distance between social groups (such as ethnic groups or social classes) is not only a manifestation of urban social structure but, as a form of differentiation itself, directly affects the nature of social interaction and exchange. Many students of the city have contended that three constructs serve to describe the basic characteristics by which an urban area is differentiated. Although the constructs have been variously labelled, they can be referred to summarily as, (1) life style (or more specifically, type of family & household), (2) socioeconomic status and (3) ethnic status or ethnicity (Shevkey and Bell, 1955; Greer, 1962; Schnore, 1967; Jones, 1968; Berry & Rees, 1969). This classification scheme has been the subject of a continuing debate over both the adequacy of its theoretical derivation and the demonstration of its empirical validity (Hawley & Duncan, 1957; Jones, 1968). Nevertheless, a number of studies contend that at least for spatial differentiation the distinction is more than concep? tually convenient. Evidence from several cultural contexts indicates that the broad classes of characteristics subsumed under each
Surface patterned porous films by convection-assisted dynamic self-assembly of zeolite nanoparticles.

This study demonstrates for the first time that porous zeolite films with surface patterns such as knotted-rope web and wrinkled honeycomb can be obtained by convection-assisted dynamic self-assembly of zeolite nanoparticles. The study also shows that an appropriate dispersant and the presence of zeolite nanoparticles with a specific range of particle sizes in the colloidal suspension are critical for pattern formation. The patterned zeolite films have a well-defined bimodal pore size distribution (i.e., 0.55 and 2.6 nm) with a high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area of 680−750 m2/g and are attractive for potential applications in fields such as thin film catalysis, adsorption separation, chemical sensor arrays, and components in microelectronic devices.
Useful Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy (IN1-1.004)

Objective: To evaluate the use of skin biopsy in order to corroborate neuropathic pain in PDN by studying IENFD and nerve morphology in distal leg and proximal thigh skin samples. Background Neuropathic pain is a common symptom associated with diabetes. At present, measurement of intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) in distal skin samples is a standard method for the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy (DN). However, IENFD measurement is not considered a good indicator for the diagnosis of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), a common symptom of early DN. Design/Methods: Skin biopsies were taken from age and sex-matched groups: normal control (n=12), diabetic patients without neuropathy (n=20), diabetic patients with PDN (n=21), and DN patients without pain (n=21). Biopsies were fixed in Zamboni9s solution (2% paraformaldehyde, picric acid) and stained with protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, substance P (SP), and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43). Results: IENFD does not have a diagnostic value for pain in DN. Quantification of IENFD demonstrated no significant difference between matched groups of PDN and DN without pain. In contrast, quantification of regeneration, using GAP43, demonstrated a significant difference between matched groups of PDN and DN without pain. Furthermore, the neuroma densities in proximal skin samples could be used as an indicator for the presence of neuropathic pain in PDN. Morphological studies of skin biopsies from the proximal thigh demonstrated significant presence of axonal swellings or neuromas distributed along the IENF, in the PDN group compared to that of DN without pain. These neuromas are also positive for substance P suggesting they mediate nociception. Conclusions: Axonal swellings or neuromas observed along the epidermal/dermal boundary may be associated with PDN. Morphological differences associated with PDN could demonstrate significant use of skin biopsy for the diagnosis of PDN. Supported by: National Institutes of Health [UO1-DK60994 (ELF); 1K08NS061039 (HTC)] and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Center. Disclosure: Dr. Cheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dauch has nothing to disclose. Dr. Porzio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yanik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hsieh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Baxter Bioscience, Merz, Pfizer and NeurogesX as a consultant. Dr. Smith has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for serves as the Associate Editor for Education at AAN.com. Dr. Singleton has received personal compensation for activities with Medical Review Institute. Dr. Feldman has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis.
Effect of oxygen tension on drug levels and pharmacological action in the intact animal.

SummaryA markedly increased pO2 shortens hexobarbital sleep times in the intact rat while decreased pO2 lengthens it. These changes are not related to the rate of hexobarbital biotransformation. A decreased pO2 has no effect on the rates of metabolism of the drugs studied, but an increased pO2 increases the rate of disappearance of INH and sulfadiazine from the plasma.
Stanford's Outcomes Research in Kids (STORK): a prospective study of healthy pregnant women and their babies in Northern California

Purpose Stanford9s Outcomes Research in Kids (STORK) is an ongoing prospective cohort of healthy pregnant women and their babies established to determine the effect of infectious diseases on weight, linear growth and immune system development during childhood. Additionally, a nested randomised intervention of household and personal cleaning products tests the effects of the microbicides triclosan and triclocarban on these outcomes and incidence of infection. Participants Healthy pregnant women were identified and enrolled primarily at public clinics; their babies, enrolled shortly after birth, are followed to age 36 months. Automated weekly surveys assess daily health status, infectious disease symptoms, healthcare provider visits and antibiotic use, in the mother during pregnancy and the baby once born. At 4-monthly household visits, information and samples are collected from the mother (urine, stool, saliva, skin swab), the baby (blood by heel/toe stick, urine, stool, saliva, skin swab) and the household (environmental swabs). Annual blood samples are obtained by venipuncture (mother and baby). Medical charts are abstracted for allergy and infectious illness in the mother during pregnancy and the baby. Findings to date From 7/2011 to 2/2015, 158 mothers were enrolled at approximately 20 weeks gestation; 127 babies were enrolled. Two-thirds of mothers are Hispanic, one-third are non-US born and one-third speak primarily Spanish; mean years of education is 13 (SD 6.2) years. Households have on average 4.5 residents. Most households (97%) were randomised to participate in the intervention. Completion of weekly surveys (86%) and follow-up (75% after 14 months) is excellent in this young, mobile population; collection of samples is ongoing with thousands of specimens stored. Future plans Enrolled babies will be followed until age 36 months (last anticipated visit: 07/2018) with medical chart review completed soon thereafter. All epidemiological information and samples will be available for collaborative hypothesis testing. Trial registration number NCT01442701; Pre-results.
Development of Rig Sub for Cluster Wells

The article describes the design concept and the structure features of new-style substructure,The substructure makes it possible to install the mast in a conventional rising way and in a special way of 90 degrees the substructure is at.The mast is raised with power of drawworks and the substructure with power of hydraulic wire-line winch.The substructure is suitable for mounting the hydraulic moving system,realizing the rig longitudinally moved in a stepping mode.Thus,the rig can perform cluster drilling operation,reflecting a new design concept and successfully applying it to product.
A Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay for the Evaluation of the Androgen Responsiveness of Prostatic Tissue

A biological assay using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chicken egg as an in vitro culture system has been developed and standardized in order to assess the androgen responsiveness of normal and abnormal prostatic tissue. In this assay, test tissue is implanted onto the CAM of chicken eggs in the presence or absence of exogenous testosterone treatment, with subsequent serum levels of 45 ng./dl. and greater than 5,000 ng./dl., respectively. The responsiveness of test tissue to low versus high androgen levels was evaluated in this CAM assay using both cellular morphology and mitotic index as response criteria. Both androgen responsive and unresponsive tissues from the rat were grown on the CAM and demonstrated appropriate morphologic and proliferative responses to the presence and absence of testosterone supplementation. Human prostatic adenocarcinoma and benign hyperplastic tissues were also grown successfully on the CAM. Documentation of human tissue survival was performed by immunocytochemical analysis for prostate specific antigen and prostate specific acid phosphatase. The human prostatic adenocarcinomas studied demonstrated a two to four-fold increase in mitotic index with androgen augmentation. In conclusion, the ability of this assay to determine androgen responsiveness as measured by morphologic and proliferative criteria has been documented in rat tissues. Human prostatic adenocarcinoma has been grown consistently on the chick chorioallantoic membrane for the first time using newly developed techniques. Therefore, this technique shows promise in the clinical application for the determination of the androgen responsiveness of human prostatic carcinomas.
A monocular SLAM method for satellite proximity operations

This research addresses current issues with satellite proximity operations by designing a robust computer vision method intended for micro satellites. Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is an algorithm that tracks and maps 3D features while updating a camera's relative position and orientation (pose). Comparing SLAM's estimated pose to truth data from synthetic videos and a CubeSat air bearing testbed verifies the developed method's accuracy and a run-time analysis demonstrates its ability to execute in near real-time. This research lays the groundwork for implementing a monocular SLAM method on orbit to enhance autonomous proximity operations with unknown or uncooperative targets.
Update on Importance of Diet in Gout

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition of monosodium urate crystals within synovial joints. Although it is most well-known for its arthritis, gout has an intimate relationship with many other cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. Current recommendations support aggressive medical therapy to treat gout, whereas dietary counseling has become less emphasized. This article argues for the absolute importance of dietary counseling in gout and proves why this counseling may impact the long term well-being of a patient with gout.
Disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews disorders that are not primarily related to thyroid gland pathology. Thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion is stimulated by the action of thyrotropin (TSH), which is secreted into the general circulation from the anterior pituitary thyrotrope cells. Thyrotropin (TSH) is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family, which includes luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Hyperthyroxinemia in the setting of a nonsuppressed TSH level is secondary to two different clinical disorders that include resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) and TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma). The cause of RTH is a germline defect, and as such there is no cure for this condition. As many patients are clinically euthyroid, those compensated patients without symptoms do not require any treatment. TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma is a rare tumor of the anterior pituitary. Nearly three-quarters of all TSHomas secrete only TSH. Patients with hypopituitarism have decreased quality of life, despite replacement hormonal therapy.
Impact of In Utero Exposure to Malaria on Fetal T Cell Immunity

Pregnancy-associated malaria, including placental malaria, causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, it has been suggested that in utero exposure of the fetus to malaria antigens may negatively impact the developing immune system and result in tolerance to malaria. Here, we review our current knowledge of fetal immunity to malaria, focusing on the dynamic interactions between maternal malaria infection, placental development, and the fetal immune system. A better understanding of the long-term impact of in utero malaria exposure on the development of natural immunity to malaria, immune responses to other childhood pathogens, and vaccine immunogenicity is urgently needed. This may guide the implementation of novel chemoprevention strategies during pregnancy and facilitate the push toward malaria vaccines.
Imperatives and Prescriptions

In this chapter we argue, first, that prescriptions are not propositions. We also collect and codify data from which we argue, secondly, that there are logical relationships, in the same formal sense studied in Chapter 3, among imperatives or prescriptions, as well as between imperatives and propositions. We construct a theory of prescriptive implication, which theory will be the basis of the theory of deontic implication to be erected in Chapters 7–9. We widen the customary scope of logic right at its inception, that is, at the point of selection of its subject-matter, in contrast with later deepenings that consist of the introduction of new types of propositions and of principles of implication characterizing such types.
Developing a short undergraduate introduction to online machine learning

With the growing interest in data science, machine learning is becoming an important part of a well-rounded computer science curriculum. Although more and more schools are starting to teach machine learning and data science to undergraduates, these usually cover only supervised and unsupervised learning, causing students to graduate with a limited understanding of other important areas of machine learning. In this paper, we focus on one particularly exciting area, online machine learning. This area offers a fundamentally different perspective on learning, and has interesting theoretical underpinnings in addition to a large range of practical applications. Even though the fundamentals of this area are easy to understand, it is rarely taught and is not in the ACM/IEEE CS2013 curriculum recommendations. We present a short (roughly one hour) example unit which introduces online machine learning to undergraduates, and can be included at any point in an AI, data science, or machine learning course. (For supplementary material related to this unit see: http://grail.cs.washington.edu/projects/olteaching/.) A small pilot study with 13 student responses suggests that students find this unit engaging and highly valuable.
Long-Term Glycemic Control in Adult Patients Undergoing Remote vs. Local Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation.

Long-Term Glycemic Control in Adult Patients Undergoing Remote vs. Local Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
26.5 Adaptive clocking in the POWER9™ processor for voltage droop protection

Increasing transistor counts in modern processors can create instantaneous changes in current, driving nanosecond-speed supply voltage (V DD ) droops that require extra guardband for correct product operation. The POWER9 processor uses an adaptive clock strategy to reduce timing margin needed during power supply droop events by embedding analog voltage-droop monitors (VDMs) that direct a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) to immediately reduce clock frequency in response.
Candida Bezoars in Adults: Determining Optimal Management.

Abstract Fungal bezoars, or fungal balls, are rare pathologic consequences of funguria in immunocompromised patients. Current treatment recommendations are based on expert opinion and low level evi...
Connection without Engagement: Paradoxes of North American Armenian Return Migration

Return migration from the diaspora to the ancestral homeland has emerged as an important sub-field within migration studies. The scholarship has introduced new ways of understanding migratory trajectories by exploring the roles of migrants’ ethnicity and imagination and has identified novel ways of unpacking migratory patterns whose motivations are not centered on economic mobility. But the scholarship has introduced a paradox by documenting both returnees’ ethnic and sentimental motivations and the unexpected difficulties they encounter once they have settled in their perceived homelands. The current research project investigates the experiences of North American Armenians who have “returned” to Armenia. It seeks to extend the existing theoretical framework by demonstrating how ancestral returnees sustain a powerful feeling of connection to a country while simultaneously harboring a sense of disengagement from local practices.
In Vivo Base Editing of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) as a Therapeutic Alternative to Genome Editing.

Objective—High-efficiency genome editing to disrupt therapeutic target genes, such as PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9), has been demonstrated in preclinical animal models, but ...
Continuity and Change in Practice, Research, and Theory

Since 1977, Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership, and Governance (HSO) has championed scholarship on research and practice in nonprofit and public-sector human service organizations....
Mitochondria Remodeling in Cancer

Cancer cells are characterized by altered metabolism and uncontrolled proliferation. It is not surprising that mitochondria, which serve important roles in fuel oxidation (catabolism) and synthesizing biosynthetic precursors (anabolism), are altered in cancer cells. Although most cancer cells have increased uptake of glucose and upregulation of glycolysis, mitochondria remain essential for carcinogenesis. However, cancer cell mitochondria have significant differences that distinguish them from those of normal cells. Mitochondria of cancer cells often have decreased electron transport capacity, depressed ATP generation, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. These alterations in metabolism promote nutrient uptake, support increased proliferation and afford resistance to apoptotic cell death. The specific metabolic processes in cancer provide opportunities to selectively target them pharmacologically to improve outcomes for cancer patients. In cancer diagnosis, tumor metabolism can be inferred from gene expression patterns and mutations, rates of nutrient uptake, and from direct measurement of metabolites. In treatment, these processes can be specifically targeted. Alterations in metabolism, mitochondrial DNA, the electron transport chain, and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in cancer are described. The exploitation of these differences for diagnosis and treatment are discussed, with a review of select agents currently in clinical use or under active investigation.
Similarities and differences between families who have frequent and infrequent family meals: A qualitative investigation of low-income and minority households.

Abstract Introduction Numerous quantitative studies have examined the association between family meal frequency and child/adolescent weight and weight-related behaviors. However, limited qualitative research has been conducted to identify mealtime characteristics (e.g., child behavior during meals, rules/expectations, family dynamics) that occur during family meals that may explain why some families engage in frequent family meals and others do not. This is particularly important within racially/ethnically diverse households, as these demographic groups are at higher risk for weight-related problems. The current study aimed to identify similarities and differences in mealtime characteristics between households that have frequent and infrequent family meals within a low-income and minority population. Methods This qualitative study included 118 parents who participated in Family Meals, LIVE!, a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study. Parents (90% female; mean age = 35) were racially/ethnically diverse (62% African American, 19% White, 4% Native American, 4% Asian, 11% Mixed/Other) and from low-income (73% Results Results indicated some similar mealtime characteristics (i.e., picky eating, involving family members in meal preparation) between households having frequent and infrequent family meals. Additionally, several differences in mealtime characteristics were identified between households having frequent (i.e., importance of family meals, flexibility in the definition of family meals, family meal rules, no pressure-to-eat feeding practices) versus infrequent family meals (i.e., pressure-to-eat parent feeding practices, family meals are dinner meals only, and difficult meal time behaviors). Discussion Study findings may be useful for developing intervention targets for low-income and racially/ethnically diverse households so more families can benefit from the protective nature of family meals.
Two-Pore Minimum Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Model to Describe the Disposition of Therapeutic Monoclonal IgG Antibody in Humans

The aim of this study was to develop a two-pore minimum physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model in describing the pharmacokinetic (PK) of therapeutic monoclonal antibody (TMAb) in human subjects. PK data used in this study were endogenous/exogenous native IgG and two TMAbs (palivizumab and Motavizumab-YTE) in normal volunteer or familial hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia (FIHH) patient. Several important components were implemented to overcome the limitations of the early mPBPK model, e.g. two-pore model to describe the transcapillary transport of IgG from vascular to interstitial space. Six mPBPK models with different osmotic reflection coefficient (OFC) of transcapillary transport, endocytosis rates (ETR) and plasma clearance for the TMAbs/IgG were tested and the best model was selected using AICc values. The final model consisted of different OFC and ETR values for native IgG and TMAbs, supporting the hypothesis that the dynamics in the endosomal space had an important role in the compliant FcRn salvage mechanism to determine the clearance of TMAbs. The estimated FcRn concentration of FIHH subjects was 2.72 μmol/l. The final two-pore mPBPK model has a better performance for native IgG than previously developed mPBPK model. The final two-pore mPBPK model not only overcome the limitations of the early mPBPK model but also has a better performance to describe the disposition of the IgG antibody in human subjects.
Causal Thinking as a Critical Tool for Eliminating Social Inequalities in Health.

The article discusses the use of casual thinking and theories of causation to mitigate inequalities in public health and social epidemiology, including in regard to casual inference. An overview of the the role that observational research plays in social epidemiology is provided.
Mineral Resource Availability and Consumption by Colobus in Kibale National Park, Uganda

Very little information exists on mineral nutrition of tropical, forest-dwelling species, yet minerals are critical to growth, reproduction, and survival. We examined the mineral resources available to and consumed by colobus in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We combined behavioral data on black-andwhite (Colobus guereza) and red colobus (Piliocolobus tephrosceles )i n a section of unlogged forest, a heavily logged area, and a forest fragment with mineral analysis of their foods to estimate the proportion of the diet containing specific minerals (mineral content). We compared mineral content of colobus foods (natural and crops) across plant parts and among plant species. Additionally, we estimated mineral intake of frugivorous primates in Kibale from published dietary data and our estimates of mineral content of foods. Dietary mineral content for all colobus groups and frugivorous species is similar despite significant differences in the mineral content of foods. Ripe and unripe fruits are lower in mineral content than most foods. Foods rarely consumed, such as bark, petioles, and caterpillars have high levels of some minerals. The mineral content of crops is low in comparison to that of natural foods. For all colobus groups of both species, sodium content of foods was extremely low and iron content was generally low, suggesting that intake is below suggested requirements, though current suggested iron requirements may overestimate physiological needs. Copper content was marginal and deficient seasonally for most colobus groups. Despite a sodium-limiting environment, only one of 8 colobus groups appeared to select sodium; however, this may be due to a lack
Location Information Management Systems for Cognitive Wireless Networks

Location information has been traditionally used for the positioning systems to estimate and track the location of a target device or object. The tremendous growth in the number of mobile users initiates the development of locationbased services, which are mainly based on the positioning systems. Moreover, the demands on the higher Quality of Service (QoS) such as global mobility and seamless connectivity from the users as well as wireless network operators motivate to exploit the utilization of location information in the wireless networks. Recently, it has been recognized that location-based services are not the only applications, where the location information can be used, but also it can be utilized to solve some other issues in the wireless networks. The applications based on the utilization of location information are folded under four categories: location-based services, network optimization, transceiver algorithm development and optimization, and environment characterization. For instance, location-assisted handover mechanism, routing, drop call management, and adaptive coverage systems are some examples of network optimization. Increasing utilization of location information for different applications in the wireless networks and ever-growing number of mobile users require incorporating a location information hierarchy into network structure. Although some of the existing wireless network structures have a miniature location information management system, cognitive wireless networks [1–3] are promising systems that comprehensive location information management systems (location awareness engine) can be realized. Location information management system in cognitive wireless networks is expected to provide location awareness capability to the cognitive radios and networks. Moreover, it can provide global mobility and seamless connectivity to large number of mobile cognitive radios and handle tremendous amount of real-time multimedia traffic. Basically, high quality location-based services can be realized and aforementioned location-based applications can be achieved in cognitive wireless
Application of MACSYMA to Kinematics and Mechanical Systems

The objective of this paper is to illustrate that symbol manipulation systems can readily handle many of the typical symbolic calculations arising in the formulation of problems in kinematics and mechanical systems.
Controllability and Observability of Path Networks

In previous chapters, we presented an approach to validate and characterize the controllability properties of Circulant networks. The approach leveraged the Cauchy-Binet formula, which, in conjunction with the Popov-Belevitch-Hautus test, provided a new method to examine controllability properties for systems with Circulant underlying communication structure. This chapter demonstrates how the method is also utilized to fully characterize the controllability of path graphs.
Physical Properties of Activated Sludges

The physical properties of activated sludge considered in this review are the rheological, sedimentation, filtration, and compression characteristics. These are the physical properties of major engineering significance in the design and operation of wastewater treatment facilities. They essentially control the effectiveness and cost of activated sludge wastewater treatment. Lack of a basic understanding of the properties and factors that influence these properties limit current ability to achieve efficient biological treatment of wastewaters.
Isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuoles contain low-molecular-mass transition-metal polyphosphate complexes

Vacuoles play major roles in the trafficking, storage, and homeostasis of metal ions in fungi and plants. In this study, 29 batches of vacuoles were isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Flow-through solutions (FTS) obtained by passing vacuolar extracts through a 10 kDa cut-off membrane were characterized for metal content using an anaerobic liquid chromatography system interfaced to an online ICP-MS. Nearly all iron, zinc, and manganese ions in these solutions were present as low-molecular-mass (LMM) complexes. Metal-detected peaks with masses between 500–1700 Da dominated; phosphorus-detected peaks generally comigrated. The distribution of metal:polyphosphate complexes was dominated by particular chain-lengths rather than a broad binomial distribution. Similarly treated synthetic FeIII polyphosphate complexes showed similar peaks. Treatment with a phosphatase disrupted the LMM metal-bound species in vacuolar FTSs. These results indicated metal:polyphosphate complexes 6–20 phosphate units in length and coordinated by 1–3 metals on average per chain. The speciation of iron in FTSs from iron-deficient cells was qualitatively similar, but intensities were lower. Under healthy conditions, nearly all copper ions in vacuolar FTSs were present as 1–2 species with masses between 4800–7800 Da. The absence of these high-mass peaks in vacuolar FTS from cup1Δ cells suggests that they were due to metallothionein, Cup1. Disrupting copper homeostasis increased the amount of LMM copper:polyphosphate complexes in vacuoles (masses between 1500–1700 Da). Potentially dangerous LMM copper species in the cytosol of metallothionein-deficient cells may traffic into vacuoles for sequestration and detoxification.
A 20–26.5-GHz PCB Bandpass Filter Tuned With Contactless Tuners

This letter presents the first substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) ${k}$ -band filters tuned with contactless printed circuit board (PCB) tuners. Unlike previous efforts, the presented filters exhibit two key advantages that make them particularly attractive with respect to manufacturing, performance, and reliability: 1) they are based on low-cost PCB technology and 2) they employ contactless tuners that exhibit no hard contacts with the evanescent-mode (EVA) cavities they control. A proof-of-concept two-pole prototype with 3.2–3.4 dB loss is experimentally demonstrated in the 20–26.5 GHz band. The fabricated resonators employ a unique contactless tuner geometry that minimizes insertion loss (IL) by utilizing extended cavity sidewalls. This design improves IL by an average of 10 dB in the demonstrated band. This letter also discusses fabrication imperfections and their impact on filter performance.
Predicting pediatric optic pathway glioma progression using advanced magnetic resonance image analysis and machine learning.

Background Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are low-grade tumors of the white matter of the visual system with a highly variable clinical course. The aim of the study was to generate a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based predictive model of OPG tumor progression using advanced image analysis and machine learning techniques. Methods We performed a retrospective case-control study of OPG patients managed between 2009 and 2015 at an academic children's hospital. Progression was defined as radiographic tumor growth or vision decline. To generate the model, optic nerves were manually highlighted and optic radiations (ORs) were segmented using diffusion tractography tools. For each patient, intensity distributions were obtained from within the segmented regions on all imaging sequences, including derivatives of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). A machine learning algorithm determined the combination of features most predictive of progression. Results Nineteen OPG patients with progression were matched to 19 OPG patients without progression. The mean time between most recent follow-up and most recently analyzed MRI was 3.5 ± 1.7 years. Eighty-three MRI studies and 532 extracted features were included. The predictive model achieved an accuracy of 86%, sensitivity of 89%, and specificity of 81%. Fractional anisotropy of the ORs was among the most predictive features (area under the curve 0.83, P < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings show that image analysis and machine learning can be applied to OPGs to generate a MRI-based predictive model with high accuracy. As OPGs grow along the visual pathway, the most predictive features relate to white matter changes as detected by DTI, especially within ORs.
Race-Visible Teacher Education: A Review of the Literature From 2002 to 2018:

In this review of the literature, we draw on critical race theory, critical whiteness studies, and critical pedagogy to examine teacher educators’ race-visible efforts in preservice teacher educati...
Admissions Is Not Enough: The Racial Achievement Gap in Medical Education

The achievement gap is a disparity in academic and standardized test performance that exists between White and underrepresented minority (URM) students that begins as early as preschool and worsens as students progress through the educational system. Medical education is not immune to this inequality. URM medical students are more likely to experience delayed graduation and course failure, even after accounting for science grade point average and Medical College Admission Test performance. Moreover, URM students are more likely to earn lower scores on licensing examinations, which can have a significant impact on their career trajectory, including specialty choice and residency competitiveness. After the release of preliminary recommendations from the Invitational Conference on USMLE Scoring (InCUS) and public commentary on these recommendations, the National Board of Medical Examiners and Federation of State Medical Boards announced that the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 would transition from a 3-digit numeric score to pass/fail scoring. Given that another of InCUS's recommendations was to "minimize racial demographic differences that exist in USMLE performance," it is paramount to consider the impact of this scoring change on URM medical students specifically. Holistic admissions are a step in the right direction of acknowledging that URM students often travel a further distance to reach medical school. However, when residency programs emphasize USMLE performance (or any standardized test score) despite persistent test score gaps, medical education contributes to the disproportionate harm URM students face and bolsters segregation across medical specialties. This Perspective provides a brief explanation of the achievement gap, its psychological consequences, and its consequences in medical education; discusses the potential effect of the Step 1 scoring change on URM medical students; and provides a review of strategies to redress this disparity.
Cdk1 phosphorylation negatively regulates the activity of Net1 towards RhoA during mitosis

The Neuroepithelial transforming gene 1 (Net1) is a RhoA subfamily guanine nucleotide exchange factor that is overexpressed in a number of cancers and contributes to cancer cell motility and proliferation. Net1 also plays a Rho GTPase independent role in mitotic progression, where it promotes centrosomal activation of Aurora A and Pak2, and aids in chromosome alignment during prometaphase. To understand regulatory mechanisms controlling the mitotic function of Net1, we examined whether it was phosphorylated by the mitotic kinase Cdk1. We observed that Cdk1 phosphorylated Net1 on multiple sites in its N-terminal regulatory domain and C-terminus in vitro. By raising phospho-specific antibodies to two of these sites, we also demonstrated that both endogenous and transfected Net1 were phosphorylated by Cdk1 in cells. Substitution of the major Cdk1 phosphorylation sites with aliphatic or acidic residues inhibited the interaction of Net1 with RhoA, and treatment of metaphase cells with a Cdk1 inhibitor increased Net1 activity. Cdk1 inhibition also increased Net1 localization to the plasma membrane and stimulated cortical F-actin accumulation. Moreover, Net1 overexpression caused spindle polarity defects that were reduced in frequency by acidic substitution of the major Cdk1 phosphorylation sites. These data indicate that Cdk1 phosphorylates Net1 during mitosis and suggest that this negatively regulates its ability to signal to RhoA and alter actin cytoskeletal organization.
Comparison of treatment history and antimicrobial sensitivity results of common bovine respiratory disease bacterial pathogens from cases submitted to the ISU-VDL from 2013-2015

Summarized susceptibility results from diagnostic laboratory cases are often used to evaluate trends in antibiotic resistance. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate summarized antimicrobial susceptibility data from bovine respiratory disease cases submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the context of reported antibiotic treatment history.
Socioeconomic risk-adjustment with the Area Deprivation Index predicts surgical morbidity and cost.

Abstract Background There is a strong association between socioeconomic status and surgical outcomes; however, the optimal method for socioeconomic risk-stratification remains elusive. We aimed to compare 2 metrics of socioeconomic ranking by ZIP code, the Distressed Communities Index, and the Area Deprivation Index and their association with surgical outcomes. Methods This retrospective study included all general surgery cases performed at a single institution from 2005 to 2015. Each patient was assigned Distressed Communities Index and Area Deprivation Index scores based on ZIP code. Both indices are normalized composite measures of socioeconomic status derived from census data. Primary outcome was 30-day morbidity; secondary outcomes included long-term mortality and cost, stratified by socioeconomic status. The utility of the addition of each metric to the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk calculator was assessed. Results The 9,843 patients had normally distributed Distressed Communities Index (47.3 ± 22.4) and Area Deprivation Index (35.4 ± 19.0). Patients who experienced any complication or readmission had significantly higher Distressed Communities Index (48.6 vs 47.1, P = .04) and Area Deprivation Index (37.2 vs 35.1, P = .002). Risk-adjusted models demonstrated that only Area Deprivation Index independently predicted postoperative complications (odds ratio 1.11, P = .02), improved the discrimination of risk-stratification when added to the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program risk calculator (area under curve 0.758−0.790, P = .02), and was associated with hospitalization cost ($1,811 ± 856/quartile, P = .03). Conclusion Area Deprivation Index provides improved socioeconomic risk-adjustment in this surgical population. The addition of Area Deprivation Index to risk-stratification tools would allow us to better inform our patients of their expected postoperative courses, more accurately account for the increased cost of providing their care, and identify patients and regions that are most in need of improvements in health and healthcare.
Application of big data for improving air quality during almond harvesting process

What was once a seasonal disturbance is becoming a more significant problem with orchard dust moving into towns and across main traffic thoroughfares. It’s the act of sweeping the fruit into windrows that creates the problem by simultaneously agitating and blowing the soil along with the fruit. The soil billows up in clouds of dust, creating zero visibility. This ultimately creates a windrow that is equally filled with fruit and soil and is further exacerbated by picking up the combination of fruit and soil (within the windrow) and billowing a second round of dense dust into the surrounding air. Solutions to the dust problem focus on removing the sweepers and potentially the ‘pick-ups’. In this study, we are designing a new mechanism for almond sweeping and pick up with minimum dust generated by adapted sweepers in order to have minimum contact with ground using distance sensors and actively measure particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) using dust sensors and adjust system to reach acceptable level of generated dust according to National Ambient Air Quality Standards in almond harvesting process.
Analysis of trimodal and bimodal therapy in a selective-surgery paradigm for locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Long-term survival outcomes of trimodal therapy (TMT; chemoradiation plus surgery) and bimodal therapy (BMT; chemoradiation) have seldom been analysed. In a selective-surgery paradigm, the benefit of TMT in patients with a complete clinical response is controversial. Factors associated with survival in patients with a clinical complete response to chemoradiation were evaluated. METHODS Patients with stage II-III oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with TMT or BMT from 2002 to 2017 were evaluated. The BMT group consisted of patients who were otherwise eligible for surgery but underwent chemoradiation alone followed by observation. This group included patients who later had salvage oesophagectomy. Survival was evaluated and compared between TMT and BMT groups. Elastic net regularization was performed to select co-variables for Cox multivariable survival analysis in patients with a clinical complete response. RESULTS Of 143 patients, 60 (41.9 per cent) underwent TMT and 83 (58.0 per cent) BMT. Patients who underwent TMT had longer median overall survival than those who had BMT (77 versus 33 months; P = 0.019). For patients with a clinical complete response, TMT achieved longer median overall survival than BMT (123 versus 55 months; P = 0.04). BMT had a high locoregional recurrence rate (48 versus 6 per cent; P < 0.001); 26 of 29 patients with locoregional recurrence in the BMT groupunderwent salvage resection. Cox multivariable analysis demonstrated that upper-mid oesophageal tumour location (hazard ratio (HR) 2.04; P = 0.024) and tumour length (HR 1.18; P = 0.046) were associated with worse survival. Although TMT was not associated with survival, it was a predictor of reduced recurrence (HR 0.28; P = 0.028). The maximum standardized uptake value after chemoradiation also predicted recurrence (HR 1.33; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients who achieve a clinical complete response, TMT reduces locoregional recurrence but may not prolong survival. The differences in survival outcomes may be due to patient selection; therefore, a selective-surgery strategy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a reasonable approach.
The Clinical Approach to Stroke in Young Adults

ABSTRACT Stroke in younger adults is less common than in older adults, with approximately 10-15% of all strokes occurring in adults aged 18 to 50 years of age. The pathogenesis of stroke in younger adults requires additional considerations for several less common risk factors and etiologies. As with any stroke patient, a thorough workup including evaluations of the brain, the blood vessels of the head and neck, the heart, and basic bloodwork must be performed. On the basis of these results, as well as case-specific clinical findings, family history, and other considerations, additional testing for genetic or hypercoagulable causes and specialized vascular and echocardiography can be performed. Overall, it is critical to identify the likely pathogeneses to prevent stroke recurrence. Regardless of pathogenesis, young stroke survivors with high rates of traditional risk factors must have these risk factors aggressively managed for long-term risk reduction. In this chapter, we focus on ischemic stroke in the young emphasizing a clinical evaluation framework, describing key considerations regarding etiology, treatment, and prevention that providers should contemplate in course of individualized patient care.
Reconfiguring Non-Convex Holes in Pivoting Modular Cube Robots

We present an algorithm for self-reconfiguration of admissible 3D configurations of pivoting modular cube robots with holes of arbitrary shape and number. Cube modules move across the surface of configurations by pivoting about shared edges, enabling configurations to reshape themselves. Previous work provides a reconfiguration algorithm for admissible 3D configurations containing no non-convex holes; we improve upon this by handling arbitrary admissible 3D configurations. The key insight specifies a point in the deconstruction of layers enclosing non-convex holes at which we can pause and move inner modules out of the hole. We prove this happens early enough to maintain connectivity, but late enough to open enough room in the enclosing layer for modules to escape the hole. Our algorithm gives reconfiguration plans with $\mathcal {O}({n^2})$ moves for $n$ modules.
Enhancing stress reactivity and wellbeing in early schizophrenia: A randomized controlled trial of Integrated Coping Awareness Therapy (I-CAT)

Abstract Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are at heightened risk for exposure to stressful life events which can lead to increased sensitivity to stress and a dysregulated stress response, which are in turn associated with poor long-term functioning. Stress reactivity is thus a promising treatment target in the early stages of SSD. Integrated-Coping Awareness Therapy (I-CAT) is a manualized intervention integrating mindfulness and positive psychology to target a dysregulated stress response in SSD. The current study is a preliminary randomized-controlled trial (RCT) comparing I-CAT (n = 18) with treatment as usual (TAU; n = 18) in individuals in the early stages of SSD. I-CAT was hypothesized to be more effective than TAU on primary outcomes: increasing positive emotions, decreasing negative emotions, reducing stress, and improving functioning and quality of life; and secondary outcomes: reducing symptoms, increasing mindfulness, and improving overall well-being. Excellent therapy attendance rates, low study attrition, and positive participant feedback demonstrated that I-CAT was a feasible and well-tolerated psychosocial intervention. Results suggest I-CAT led to greater reduction in symptoms (i.e., overall, negative, and disorganized symptoms), increased observational mindfulness, increased endorsement of a sense of purpose in life, and preservation of work abilities and school social functioning compared with TAU. Future work should replicate and extend these findings in a larger-scale RCT.
Amazon EC2: (Elastic Compute Cloud) Overview

Cloud computing has gained a lot of consideration by the IT business environments. The main focus IT business is on hosting and providing the delivering service on Internet. The real-time computation is performed by using cloud computing because it has more flexibility. This article throws some light toward challenges faced by cloud computing growth. It concludes that Amazon EC2 offers better solutions as compared to others. The customer has their choice of selection among them depends on their requirements.