cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retrospective and prospective model simulations of sea level rise impacts on Gulf of Mexico coastal marshes and forests in Waccasassa Bay, Florida

The State of Florida (USA) is especially threatened by sea level rise due to extensive low elevation coastal habitats (approximately 8,000 km2 < 1 m above sea level) where the majority of the human population resides. We used the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM) simulation to improve understanding of the magnitude and location of these changes for 58,000 ha of the Waccasassa Bay region of Florida’s central Gulf of Mexico coast. To assess how well SLAMM portrays changes in coastal wetland systems resulting from sea level rise, we conducted a hindcast in which we compared model results to 30 years of field plot data. Overall, the model showed the same pattern of coastal forest loss as observed. Prospective runs of SLAMM using 0.64 m, 1 m and 2 m sea level rise scenarios predict substantial changes over this century in the area covered by coastal wetland systems including net losses of coastal forests (69%, 83%, and 99%, respectively) and inland forests (33%, 50%, and 88%), but net gains of tidal flats (17%, 142%, and 3,837%). One implication of these findings at the site level is that undeveloped, unprotected lands inland from the coastal forest should be protected to accommodate upslope migration of this natural community in response to rising seas. At a broader scale, our results suggest that coastal wetland systems will be unevenly affected across the Gulf of Mexico as sea level rises. Species vulnerable to these anticipated changes will experience a net loss or even elimination.
Low-power synchronous-to-asynchronous- to-synchronous interlocked pipelined CMOS circuits operating at 3.3-4.5 GHz

Interlocked pipelined CMOS (IPCMOS), a new asynchronous set of clock circuits suitable for high-frequency and low-power operation, is described. In IPCMOS, the reduced power results from enabling the local clocks only when there is an operation to perform and from a simple single-stage latch. The single-stage latch can be used because the locally generated clocks driving adjacent stages are not enabled simultaneously. The combination of enabling the clocks only when there is an operation to perform and the simple latch can lower power by a factor of five to ten times in many applications. In IPCMOS, the staggered local clocks also result in a significant reduction of dynamic Ldi/dt noise. In addition to the locally generated interlocked clocks and the single-stage latch, unique circuits that combine the function of a static NOR and an input switch are key to achieving high performance and minimizing the overhead in the interlocking. In a 0.18-/spl mu/m bulk CMOS technology, these circuits drive a path through a typical 64-b multiplier stage at 3.3-4.5 GHz on an experimental chip. IPCMOS also provides a way to implement the interface between asynchronous and synchronous portions of a design, thereby giving the approach a great deal of flexibility by making it possible to drop IPCMOS into portions of an existing synchronous design.
Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein is Associated with Diet Composition and Metabolic Markers in Obese Adults (LB340)

Intestinal microbiota is modulated by dietary intake and can have a profound impact on systemic health through initiation of systemic inflammation [via bacterial products like lipopolysaccharide (e...
Changing Outcomes After Heart Transplantation in Patients with Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

Background Amyloid cardiomyopathy (ACM) is associated with a poor prognosis. Previous reports have suggested unfavorable post-heart transplant (HT) survival in this population compared with other HT recipients. Methods Data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry were used to study outcomes among ACM patients undergoing HT in the modern era (Era 2, 2008 to 2013) as compared with the historical era (Era 1, 1987 to 2007). Results One hundred eighty-eight ACM patients underwent primary single-organ HT. Ninety-seven patients (51.6%) were transplanted in Era 1 and 91 (48.4%) in Era 2. ACM patients undergoing HT in Era 2 were older ( p p = 0.008) and longer ischemic times ( p = 0.02), and were more likely to be African-American ( p p p = 0.01) and highly sensitized ( p n = 339 in Era 1, n = 164 in Era 2), adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for post-HT mortality of ACM were 2.08 ( p p = not statistically significant) in Era 2. Adjusted HRs for mortality of ACM vs all other diagnoses ( n = 36,334 in Era 1, n = 9,225 in Era 2) were 1.84 ( p p = NS) in Era 2. Although post-HT survival did not change with time among non-ACM RCM patients, post-HT mortality was lower in Era 2 compared with Era 1 among ACM patients (HR 0.49, p = 0.03). Conclusions Although historically associated with inferior survival, post-HT outcomes in ACM patients in the modern era are now approaching those of non-ACM patients. Changes in patients' demographics suggest that this may be related to improved patient selection, including an increased proportion of patients with transthyretin ACM. HT should be considered for appropriate candidates with ACM.
Origins of the physical profile.

ABSTRACTThis article examines how the U.S. Army came to adopt the physical profile. In 1945, the Army adopted the physical profile system that has, with some changes, survived to this day. Although the profile system does not always work smoothly, it replaced a system that was failing completely to deliver physically fit men to combat units. The World War II problems were the outgrowth of two World War I systems that had been adopted to speed mobilization by (1) accepting physically substandard men and (2) matching men to a noncombat job by their skills. By simply identifying a soldier as “General Service” or “Limited Service” it did not provide enough information about his limitations. In addition, the Army used an intelligence test to grade manpower, but because it lacked information on a man's physical abilities/limitations, that data were misused to allot manpower. These policies interacted with a societal disdain for the “handicapped” and “substandard” and made it hard to use Limited Service men. Add...
Chaseleodes Thomas: A New Subgenus of Eleodes Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Central Plateau of Mexico

Abstract Chaseleodes Thomas, a new subgenus of Eleodes Eschscholtz, is described and proposed to hold two species from central Mexico, Eleodes connatus Solier and Eleodes curtus Champion (designated as type species). A key, map, illustrations, and diagnoses are provided for the species. Characters that in combination define the new subgenus include the wedge-shaped elytron, broadly based epipleuron, and the female valvifers. The subgenus is named in honor of Dr. Chas. A. Triplehorn.
How to Steal a Trillion: The Uses of Laws about Lawmaking in 2001

How did Congress pass President Bush's 2001 trillion-dollar tax cut pass without the necessary consensus shape and without the 60 Senate votes required to overcome resistance? How was the House able to give "fast track" treatment to laws designed to implement future trade deals? How was the 2001 Congress able to reject a new workplace ergonomic rule that would otherwise become law? In 2001, American lawmakers passed laws to make controversial laws, forcing the important question about whether laws about lawmaking actually serve the public interest.In this article, the author explores the constitutional limits on laws about lawmaking and the ways such highly symbolic laws affect Congressional power and the structure of discourse. He notes that such congressional activity in 2001 raised serious concerns about the use, scale and speed of laws about lawmaking, particularly when used to circumvent well-established checks and balance on political power. This analysis on the contemporary enactment process explains the implications and consequences of the adjustments the 2001 Congress made to the legislative and democratic process.
Supersize Pay, Incentive Compatibility, and the Volatile Model of the Shareholder

This Article intervenes in the debate over executive compensation to assert that evaluation of prevailing practices concerns more than the quality of the bargaining space. The discussants posit shareholder value maximization as the firm's objective and agree that value can be enhanced by aligning management's interests with those of the shareholders. They tend not to address the follow up question as to how the shareholder should be modeled for the purpose of incentive design. This Article unpacks the unitary notion of the shareholder into a differentiated cast of characters made up of investors, speculators, noise traders, fundamental value investors, short term holders, long term holders, dumb money, and smart money. Most will agree that compensation should be designed so as to encourage managers to take the view of a long term, fundamental value investor. Despite this, prevailing practices invite alignment of management interests with those of short term speculators. Perverse effects result for investment policy, payout policy, and the quality of financial reports, particularly when the market overvalues the firm's shares. Although long term restraints on alienation on equity grants would substantially ameliorate these problems, they are not seen in practice because they diminish the value of equity grants by impairing liquidity and inhibiting diversification. A persistent question emerges: At the margin, what is the purpose of incentive compensation, to incentivize or to compensate? To the extent that the answer is "both" rather than "incentive compatibility," perverse effects remain a constant possibility. Leaving the matter over to case-by-case negotiation in an appropriate bargaining environment holds out an incomplete solution. Nor would shareholder empowerment solve the problem of perverse effects because the behavioral shortcomings of shareholders create the problem in the first place.
Photoluminescence and Bandgap Narrowing in Heavily Doped n-GaAs

Extremely heavily doped n-GaAs was produced by pulsed-laser annealing of Si implanted GaAs, achieving carrier concentrations exceeding 3.2×1019/cm3. Our photoluminescence (PL) spectra indicate a bandgap narrowing due to heavy n-type doping with a functional form of Δeg(eV) = - 6.3 × 10cm-8[(cm-2)]1/3 . At the highest carrier concentration, the bandgap shrinkage reaches -200 meV and the electron Fermi energy is -410 meV. These large values indicate that there exists a considerable conduction band “stretch” between the Γ and L-valley of GaAs for very high n-type concentrations.
Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic dysregulation, most notably abnormal glucose metabolism, accompanied by characteristic long-term complications. The complications that are specific to diabetes include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Patients with all forms of diabetes of sufficient duration, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), are vulnerable to these complications, which cause serious morbidity (Table 1 and Table 2). Retinopathy is so characteristic of diabetes that its presence has been incorporated into the nosologic definition of NIDDM. Only hyperglycemia of sufficient magnitude to be associated with retinopathy is classified as NIDDM, while lower levels of hyperglycemia that are . . .
Recovery of Diaphragm Function Through Functional Electrical Stimulation: Diaphragm Pacing

Mechanical ventilation (MV) has saved countless lives. Since MV was introduced, it is the primary therapy for respiratory failure and a fundamental treatment in intensive care units. Whether MV is used during a surgical procedure or to treat respiratory failure, it is generally a time-limited therapy that, when withdrawn, has no untoward sequelae. However, there are a number of patients who become dependent on MV. These patients, often referred to as “failure to wean” (FTW), present a significant physiologic and economic burden to the healthcare system.
Modelling the Petrology of Detrital Sediments

The main factors that lead to variation in detrital sediments are conceptually labelled as source material, which may consist of fresh rock and its weathered products, erosion, transportation, deposition and diagenesis; interpretive petrology depends upon the specification of petrographic properties which reflect the variation which arises from these six sources of variation.
Comparative Genomics of the Dual-Obligate Symbionts from the Treehopper, Entylia carinata (Hemiptera: Membracidae), Provide Insight into the Origins and Evolution of an Ancient Symbiosis.

Insect species in the Auchenorrhyncha suborder (Hemiptera) maintain ancient obligate symbioses with bacteria that provide essential amino acids (EAAs) deficient in their plant-sap diets. Molecular studies have revealed that two complementary symbiont lineages, "Candidatus Sulcia muelleri" and a betaproteobacterium ("Ca. Zinderia insecticola" in spittlebugs [Cercopoidea] and "Ca. Nasuia deltocephalinicola" in leafhoppers [Cicadellidae]) may have persisted in the suborder since its origin ∼300 Ma. However, investigation of how this pair has co-evolved on a genomic level is limited to only a few host lineages. We sequenced the complete genomes of Sulcia and a betaproteobacterium from the treehopper, Entylia carinata (Membracidae: ENCA), as the first representative from this species-rich group. It also offers the opportunity to compare symbiont evolution across a major insect group, the Membracoidea (leafhoppers + treehoppers). Genomic analyses show that the betaproteobacteria in ENCA is a member of the Nasuia lineage. Both symbionts have larger genomes (Sulcia = 218 kb and Nasuia = 144 kb) than related lineages in Deltocephalinae leafhoppers, retaining genes involved in basic cellular functions and information processing. Nasuia-ENCA further exhibits few unique gene losses, suggesting that its parent lineage in the common ancestor to the Membracoidea was already highly reduced. Sulcia-ENCA has lost the abilities to synthesize menaquinone cofactor and to complete the synthesis of the branched-chain EAAs. Both capabilities are conserved in other Sulcia lineages sequenced from across the Auchenorrhyncha. Finally, metagenomic sequencing recovered the partial genome of an Arsenophonus symbiont, although it infects only 20% of individuals indicating a facultative role.
Straightforward LAD Case

An 84-year-old man presents with atypical chest pain and abnormal perfusion scan indicating reversible anterior wall defect. Angiography demonstrated diffuse, calcified lesions in his proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery of approximately 90%. He was treated with rotational atherectomy, demonstraighting a rather straightforward case in which a heavily calcified vessel can be treated with sequential rotational atherectomy with excellent results.
Measurement-based characterization of LOS and NLOS drone-to-ground channels

The last few years have seen a rapid growth in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based innovations and technologies, particularly for smaller drones. The rapid response to natural disasters, high data rate access in public safety situations, and the robustness of long-haul communication relays are highly dependent on airborne communication networks. A more precise channel characterization of air-to-ground links is imperative to establish these drone-based communication networks. However, there have been very limited efforts to understand the unique propagation channels encountered in drone-based communications, especially for wideband beamforming systems. In this paper, we perform a measurement-driven study to characterize air-to-ground wireless channels between UAV platforms and terrestrial users in practical Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS) scenarios across a wide range of carrier frequencies, including cellular (900 MHz and 1800 MHz), and WiFi (5 GHz) frequency bands. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of drone-based beamforming using IEEE 802.11-like signaling. We find that the drone-to-ground path loss differences are frequency dependent and closely related to drone altitude. The drone-based beamforming system can improve throughput significantly over IEEE 802.11 SISO schemes with select carrier frequencies in both LOS and NLOS scenarios up to 73.6% and 120.1%, respectively. Since our study spans many critical frequency bands, these results serve as a fundamental step towards understanding drone-to-ground communications and impact of beamforming-based applications in future aerial networks.
Through The Wire: Training Culturally Competent Leaders for a New Era

AbstractThis paper investigated how the use of The Wire, a fictional television drama that first aired in 2002, is used in public administration/affairs related courses. Using Carrizales’ (2010) fr...
An Analysis of the Cress Theory of Color Confrontation

Western psychology has attempted to serve as the guiding framework for the critical and systematic evaluation of human behavior. Consequently, all human psychological phenomena are subjected to the constructs and theories of Western psychology. However, a contingent of African-American scholars continues to argue against the extant hegemony of Western psychology. Their arguments are primarily predicated on the relative nature of the human response to social/physical reality. As a result of this position, AfricanAmerican scholars have posited the need for an African psychology. Presuming this need, African-American scholars have proceeded to engage in an intricate discourse about the nature of this new endeavor. Historically, the notions of epistemology have served as the fulcrum of dialogue regarding knowledge. Ranging from intuitive processes and spiritual illumination to objective validation, the process of inquiry has dictated the consequence of knowledge. The paradigmatic orientation toward inquiry has perforce established the purpose of knowledge acquisition and implementation. The superordination, however, of one particular method of inquiry necessarily determines the modus operandi of seekers of knowledge. Consequently, the established primacy of a particular modality of inquiry is construed to be a universal; its primacy dictates mass usage, which in an illusory form implies universality. At various points in Western history, different notions of inquiry have been suggested as the only valid method of knowledge acqui-
Release-adiabat measurements in crystalline quartz

Results of release-adiabat measurements are reported for x-cut quartz shocked initially over the stress range of 15 GPa to 110 GPa. Release paths determined from a shock stress of 15 GPa indicate a return to the original density, while measurements of release adiabats from shock stresses over 50 GPa, suggest release to be occurring primarily from, and in, the high density phase. Significant hysteretic effects are observed upon release and a retransformation to a low density phase is observed at lower stresses. The results of these experiments, when combined with previous release-adiabat and recovery studies, suggest that the final state upon release from stresses above 50 GPa might be a high density quartz liquid, which reverts to fused silica at late times. Measurements of wave speeds in shocked quartz at stresses over 50 GPa indicate a decrease in wave speeds over the stress regime 71 to 108 GPa, suggesting a shock-induced phase transformation. Melting is suspected for shock stresses over 84 GPa. 32 refs., 11 figs.
Clinical Aspects of Lactation: Promoting Breastfeeding Success

Human milk is universally recognized as the preferred nutrition for infants. Exclusive breastfeeding is ideal for approximately 6 months of life, and continued breastfeeding complemented by solid foods is recommended throughout the baby's first year, and longer if desired. This article offers counseling strategies to help physicians promote successful breastfeeding, beginning with effective prenatal education and a screening breast exam to detect lactation risk factors. Optimal initiation of breastfeeding is reviewed, including supportive hospital practices, correct breastfeeding technique, and the regulation of milk production. The early follow-up of the breastfeeding infant and criteria for assessing the successful initiation of breastfeeding are discussed. Practical strategies are offered for preventing and managing common lactation difficulties, such as postpartum breast engorgement, sore nipples, mastitis, maternal employment, and impaired let-down.
Magnetische Theorien vor der Entdeckung des Elektrons

Die Lehre vom Magnetismus begann, ebenso wie die von der Elektrizitat, mit den Untersuchungen von William Gilbert (* 1540, † 1603). Den Alten war die Tatsache bekannt, das geriebener Bernstein leichte Korper anzieht, das der Magnetstein die Fahigkeit hat, Eisen anzuziehen, und das die gleiche Fahigkeit auch dem Eisen mitgeteilt werden kann, dadurch, das man es in die Nahe eines Magnetsteins bringt oder es mit ihm streicht. So behandeltes Eisen war mindestens seit der Zeit der Kreuzzuge von den Seeleuten als Kompas benutzt worden. Jedoch hatte man nicht versucht, den geringen sicheren Wissensbestand uber diese Erscheinungen zu ordnen oder zu erweitern. Vielmehr war er in einer Menge falscher Lehren untergegangen, die der Stand der Arzte um ihn herumgebaut hatte; denn dieser hatte hauptsachlich Interesse daran, die geheimnisvolle Eigenschaft des Magnetsteins zur Heilung von Krankheiten nutzbar zu machen. Gilbert, selbst Arzt, zer- streute diese irrigen Ansichten, indem er die medi2inischen Eigenschaften des Magnetsteins klar von seinen magnetischen trennte und dann zu einer erschopfenden Untersuchung der letzteren fortschritt.
A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism

The microbiome, the collection of bacteria that live in and on human bodies, has a strong influence on how well the body works. However, the diversity of the microbiome makes it difficult to untangle exactly how it has these effects. For example, it is poorly understood how the hundreds of species of bacteria that live in the gut affect metabolism – the chemical processes that make life possible. But they are known to influence how metabolic diseases like diabetes and obesity develop. When we eat a meal, the body releases compounds called bile acids to help to digest the food. Once the bile acids reach the colon, the bacteria residing there use enzymes to chemically modify the compounds. Imbalances in the resulting pool of over 50 different bile acids may accelerate how quickly people develop metabolic disorders. It is not clear, however, which bile acids have helpful or harmful effects on metabolism. Yao et al. first identified a selective version of a prevalent gut bacterial enzyme called a bile salt hydrolase. This enzyme was then deleted from a common gut bacterium using genetic tools. Finally, Yao et al. colonized mice lacking any bacteria (i.e., germ-free mice) with either the original bacterium or the hydrolase-deleted bacterium. Mice colonized with the hydrolase-deleted bacteria gained less weight on a high fat diet and had lower levels of fat in their blood and liver. These mice also shifted to burning fats instead of carbohydrates for energy. The changes in the bile acid pool produced in mice colonized with hydrolase-deleted bacteria did not only affect metabolism. Yao et al. found differences in the activity of genes important for other biological processes as well, such as those that control circadian rhythms and immune responses. Further research is needed to investigate whether limiting the activity of the bile salt hydrolase enzyme has similar effects in humans. If so, developing drugs or probiotics that target the enzyme could lead to new treatments for people with metabolic diseases like obesity and fatty liver disease. Investigating the biological effects of other bacterially modified bile acids may identify other possible treatments as well.
Sunset on the RAC: When Is It Time to End Special Oversight of an Emerging Biotechnology?

National Institutes of Health (NIH) Director Francis S. Collins and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Commissioner Scott Gottlieb recently coauthored a New England Journal of Medicine commentary s...
Latino parents' links to deportees are associated with developmental disorders in their children.

Aims To examine how Latino parent's personal connection to immigrants is linked to their children's risk of being referred/diagnosed with a developmental disorder. Methods Using the 2015 Latino National Health and Immigration Survey (n = 548), we asked adults about their connections to immigrants. We also asked if their child has been referred/diagnosed with a developmental disorder. We estimated a series of regressions to predict increases in the probability of a child being referred/diagnosed for a developmental disorder. Results Respondents who know a deportee are 2.4 times more likely (p = 0.009) to report that their child has been referred or diagnosed with a developmental disorder. Additionally, knowing more deportees, and having a closer family tie with deportees, are all statistically associated with developmental problems. Conclusions This study adds to the emerging research on stress and child health, by examining the intersections of immigration policy, mental health, and child development.
Fabric infused with a botanical repellent for protection against mosquitoes

AbstractMosquito resistant apparel has become increasingly sought-after due to the rise in vector-borne illnesses such as the Zika Virus, Malaria, and Dengue Fever. Botanical insect repellents have...
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Clinical Trial of Dipyridamole to Decrease Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Chronic Inflammation.

Background Adenosine is a potent immunoregulatory nucleoside produced during inflammatory states to limit tissue damage. We hypothesized that dipyridamole, which inhibits cellular adenosine uptake, could raise the extracellular adenosine concentration and dampen chronic inflammation associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. Methods Virally suppressed participants receiving antiretroviral therapy were randomized 1:1 for 12 weeks of dipyridamole (100 mg 4 times a day) versus placebo capsules. All participants took open-label dipyridamole during weeks 12-24. Study end points included changes in markers of systemic inflammation (soluble CD163 and CD14, and interleukin 6) and levels of T-cell immune activation (HLA-DR+CD38+). Results Of 40 participants who were randomized, 17 dipyridamole and 18 placebo recipients had baseline and week 12 data available for analyses. There were no significant changes in soluble markers, apart from a trend toward decreased levels of soluble CD163 levels (P = .09). There was a modest decrease in CD8+ T-cell activation (-17.53% change for dipyridamole vs +13.31% for placebo; P = .03), but the significance was lost in the pooled analyses (P = .058). Dipyridamole also reduced CD4+ T-cell activation (-11.11% change; P = .006) in the pooled analyses. In post hoc analysis, detectable plasma dipyridamole levels were associated with higher levels of inosine, an adenosine surrogate, and of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Conclusion Dipyridamole increased extracellular adenosine levels and decreased T-cell activation significantly among persons with HIV-1 infection receiving virally suppressive therapy.
A new estimative current mode control technique for DC-DC converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode

A new digital control technique for power converters operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is introduced and applied to a boost converter. In contrast to the conventional analogue control methods, the principal idea of this new control scheme is to use real-time analysis and estimate the required on-time of the switch based on the dynamic of the system. The proposed control algorithm can easily be programmed in a digital signal processor (DSP). This novel technique is applicable to any converter operating in DCM including power factor correctors (PFC). However, this work mainly focuses on the boost topology. In this paper, the main mathematical concept of the new control algorithm is introduced, as well as the robustness investigation of the proposed method, simulation, and experimental results.
Effects of Hypohydration on Muscular Strength, Endurance, and Power in Women.

ABSTRACT Gann, JJ, Andre, TL, Gallucci, AR, and Willoughby, DS. Effects of hypohydration on muscular strength, endurance, and power in women. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S102-S106, 2021-The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dehydration on muscular strength, endurance, power, and perceptual measures in resistance-trained women. Ten resistance-trained women completed 2 bouts of exercise (1 repetition maximum [1RM] for bench press and angled leg press followed by 5 sets to failure of 75% of 1RM and vertical jump), either dehydrated (∼3% body mass) (DT) or heat-exposed with fluid replacement (HT). Paired t-tests revealed bench press 1RM was significantly lower for DT (42.7 ± 14.5 kg) compared with HT (44.1 ± 13.9 kg). No significant difference was found for leg press 1RM (DT = 216.1 ± 55.0 kg; HT = 223.4 ± 55.7 kg). There was also no difference in total reps completed for bench press (DT = 33.5 ± 5.0; HT = 33.0 ± 5.5) or leg press (DT = 42.6 ± 20.3; HT = 45.8 ± 19.7). There was no significant difference for vertical jump height (DT: 45.8 ± 5.2 cm, HT: 46.9 ± 6.0 cm). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and session RPE were not significantly different between trials. Significant differences for perceived recovery status (DT: 5.1 ± 2.2, HT: 7.2 ± 1.1) and perceived readiness (DT: 4.2 ± 1.0, HT: 2.5 ± 0.5) indicate subjects expected impaired performance during DT. The current results suggest that previous night dehydration may have a negative impact on both bench press 1RM performance and perceptual feelings of recovery in resistance-trained women.
The Current Status and Importance of Diversity in Cardiothoracic Surgery

The cardiothoracic surgery workforce has historically comprised a relatively homogeneous community, in terms of gender diversity, as well as representation of racial and ethnic minorities and other underrepresented populations. However, significant efforts have been undertaken to promote an increasingly diverse and inclusive workforce in the field. Diversity of surgical providers remains a pertinent issue for the advancement of medical and surgical care, particularly within underrepresented communities. A diverse workplace begets novel thinking and stimulates collaboration in unique ways. Although the cardiothoracic surgery workforce is rapidly evolving, advances in academic realms continue to lag somewhat, with women and minorities disproportionally underrepresented. However, purposeful efforts are under way to promote gender and ethnic diversity among trainees as well as within the surgical leadership and among scholarly activities locally and nationally. The growth of women in thoracic surgery as a professional organization has been instrumental in providing women at all training levels with formal leadership roles, scholarships, research projects, and additional career development opportunities. More recently, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Workforce on diversity and inclusion was established to foster a broader acceptance of diversity and inclusion within the Society and specialty at large, and thus far has published findings on members’ attitudes and practice gaps as well as created an annual diversity symposium and several interdisciplinary partnerships. Other successful programs such as the American Association for Thoracic Surgery Leadership Academy and Thoracic Surgery Social Media Network have additionally made substantial strides toward inclusion and representation of women and minorities in this specialty. Notable efforts are underway to promote the inclusion of women and underrepresented minorities within cardiothoracic surgery, as well as to provide opportunities for exposure and networking to trainees interested in the field. Such advances are essential to the success of cardiothoracic surgery, enabling optimal care of our patients and pertinent research endeavors.
Expression, purification, and crystallization of HSV-1 glycoproteins for structure determination.

Herpes simplex viruses utilize glycoproteins displayed on the viral envelope to perform a variety of functions in the viral infectious cycle. Structural and functional studies of these viral glycoproteins can benefit from biochemical, biophysical, and structural analysis of purified proteins. Here, we describe a general protocol for expression and purification of viral glycoproteins from insect cells based on those developed for the HSV-1 gB and HSV-2 gH/gL ectodomains as well as the protocol for crystallization of these glycoproteins. This protocol can be used for generating milligram amounts of wild-type (WT) or mutant gB and gH/gL ectodomains or can be adapted to produce purified ectodomains of glycoproteins from HSV or other herpesviruses for biochemical and structural studies.
Improving the survival of Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-1927 during microencapsulation with ultra-high-pressure-homogenized soymilk as a wall material.

Abstract Probiotic foods and supplements have been shown to offer multiple potential health benefits to consumers. Dried probiotic cultures are increasingly used by the food industry because they are easily handled, transported, stored, and used in different applications. However, drying technologies often expose probiotic cells to extreme environmental conditions that reduces cell viability. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of using ultra high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) on soymilk’s microencapsulating ability, and the resultant effect on the survivability of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-1927 (LP) during drying. Liquid suspensions containing LP (~109 CFU/g of solids) were prepared by suspending LP cultures in soymilk which had been either treated with UHPH at 150 MPa or 300 MPa or left untreated. LP suspensions were then dried by concurrent spray drying (CCSD), mixed-flow spray drying (MXSD) or freeze-drying (FD). Cell counts of LP were determined before and after microencapsulation. Moisture, water activity, particle size and morphology of LP powders were also characterized. LP powders produced with 300 MPa treated soymilk had 8.7, 6.4, and 2 times more cell counts than those produced with non-UHPH treated soymilk during CCSD, MXSD, and FD, respectively. In the 300 MPa treated samples, cell survival (%) of LP during drying was the highest in MXSD (83.72) followed by FD (76.31) and CCSD (34.01). Using soymilk treated at higher UHPH pressures resulted in LP powders with lower moisture content, smaller particle sizes and higher agglomeration. LP powders produced via MXSD showed higher agglomeration and fewer signs of thermal damage than powders produced via CCSD. This study demonstrates that UHPH improves the effectiveness of soymilk as a microencapsulant for probiotics, creating probiotic powders that could be used in plant-based and non-dairy foods.
Chemical complexity of the retina addressed by novel phasor analysis of unstained multimodal microscopy

Abstract Unstained multimodal microscopy is capable of non-invasively obtaining chemically specific information with sub-micron spatial resolution; however, spectral overlap makes quantitative analysis difficult. Here, multimodal images that include second-harmonic generation, third-harmonic generation, and two- and three-photon excited fluorescence signals from unstained retinas are analyzed. The composition from each layer of the retina is determined using a novel variation of phasor analysis that is not limited to three components. The super-phasor unmixing (SPU) method is compared with fully constrained linear spectral unmixing. The seven spectroscopic signals in the spectral range 300–690 nm enable the quantitative unmixing of sub-micron pixel spectra even in the presence of noise. The performance of SPU was found to be significantly superior to linear unmixing especially in regions of high spectral overlap. The analysis being presented represents an important step in addressing chemical complexity in congested spaces with applicability to biomedical imaging and unmixing of hyperspectral images.
Functional Analysis of the Fusion and Attachment Glycoproteins of Mojiang Henipavirus.

Mojiang virus (MojV) is the first henipavirus identified in a rodent and known only by sequence data, whereas all other henipaviruses have been isolated from bats (Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Cedar virus) or discovered by sequence data from material of bat origin (Ghana virus). Ephrin-B2 and -B3 are entry receptors for Hendra and Nipah viruses, but Cedar virus can utilize human ephrin-B1, -B2, -A2 and -A5 and mouse ephrin-A1. However, the entry receptor for MojV remains unknown, and its species tropism is not well characterized. Here, we utilized recombinant full-length and soluble forms of the MojV fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins in membrane fusion and receptor tropism studies. MojV F and G were functionally competent and mediated cell–cell fusion in primate and rattine cells, albeit with low levels and slow fusion kinetics. Although a relative instability of the pre-fusion conformation of a soluble form of MojV F was observed, MojV F displayed significantly greater fusion activity when heterotypically paired with Ghana virus G. An exhaustive investigation of A- and B-class ephrins indicated that none serve as a primary receptor for MojV. The MojV cell fusion phenotype is therefore likely the result of receptor restriction rather than functional defects in recombinant MojV F and G glycoproteins.
Comparing complications in irradiated and non-irradiated free-flaps in patients with bilateral immediate breast reconstruction and unilateral post-mastectomy radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the effect of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) on autologous breast reconstruction, but the variability of PMRT regimens and inadequate controls have made results difficult to interpret. Therefore, in this study, irradiated free-flaps are compared to non-irradiated internal controls in patients who underwent immediate bilateral reconstruction followed by unilateral PMRT to better delineate the effect of PMRT. The role of regional nodal irradiation (RNI) is also specifically assessed. METHODS Appropriate patients were identified through retrospective review. Complications such as fat necrosis, fibrosis, infection, delayed healing, and flap loss, as well as revision surgeries, among the irradiated free-flaps were compared to those on the contralateral non-irradiated side. Additional analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of patient demographics and treatment characteristics, such as RNI, on complications involving the irradiated free-flaps. RESULTS Seventy-three women were included. There was no significant difference between complication rates for the irradiated and non-irradiated free-flaps (39.7% vs. 38.4%, p = .78), although irradiated free-flaps were more likely to have fibrosis (17.0% vs. 0.0%; p < .0001) and multiple complications (9.6% vs. 0.0%; p = .02). Both groups underwent a similar number of revision surgeries (42.5% vs. 41.1%; p = .29). Looking at the irradiated free-flaps, internal mammary node (IMN) irradiation was the only factor predictive of complications (IRR 3.80, CI 1.32-10.97; p = .01). CONCLUSIONS PMRT may contribute to free-flap fibrosis, but does not appear to affect the overall risk of complications or revision surgeries. However, additional counseling is warranted if IMN irradiation is likely, as it is potentially associated with increased complications.
Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Deficits of 22 q11.2 Deletion Syndrome with a Patient-iPSC-Derived Blood-Brain Barrier Model.

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is important in the normal functioning of the central nervous system. An altered BBB has been described in various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of such alterations remain unclear. Here, we investigate if BBB integrity is compromised in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (also called DiGeorge syndrome), which is one of the validated genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. We utilized a set of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) derived from the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines of patients with 22q11.2-deletion-syndrome-associated schizophrenia. We found that the solute permeability of the BBB formed from patient HBMECs increases by ~1.3–1.4-fold, while the trans-endothelial electrical resistance decreases to ~62% of the control values. Correspondingly, tight junction proteins and the endothelial glycocalyx that determine the integrity of the BBB are significantly disrupted. A transcriptome study also suggests that the transcriptional network related to the cell–cell junctions in the compromised BBB is substantially altered. An enrichment analysis further suggests that the genes within the altered gene expression network also contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. Our findings suggest that neurovascular coupling can be targeted in developing novel therapeutical strategies for the treatment of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
A power spectral density computer program for the vibration laboratory.

Computer program for calculating vibration- acceleration densities along power-spectral density plots in vibration tests
Social reward shapes attentional biases

Paying attention to stimuli that predict a reward outcome is important for an organism to survive and thrive. When visual stimuli are associated with tangible, extrinsic rewards such as money or food, these stimuli acquire high attentional priority and come to automatically capture attention. In humans and other primates, however, many behaviors are not motivated directly by such extrinsic rewards, but rather by the social feedback that results from performing those behaviors. In the present study, I examine whether positive social feedback can similarly influence attentional bias. The results show that stimuli previously associated with a high probability of positive social feedback elicit value-driven attentional capture, much like stimuli associated with extrinsic rewards. Unlike with extrinsic rewards, however, such stimuli also influence task-specific motivation. My findings offer a potential mechanism by which social reward shapes the information that we prioritize when perceiving the world around us.
Introductory Note to the International Criminal Court: Summary of the Prosecutor's Application Under Article 58

Luis Moreno-Ocampo, Chief Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court ("ICC"), undertook a significant step in his office's investigation of the situation in Darfur, Sudan, on November 20, 2008, when he requested Pre Trial Chamber I ("PTC1") to issue an arrest warrant against three named individuals ("Application").1 These individuals ("Defendants"), whose names have remained confidential,2 were commanders of rebel groups in Darfur that had carried out an attack on September 29, 2007 against African Union Mission in Sudan ("AMIS") peacekeepers stationed at the Haskanita Military Group Site ("Haskanita MGS").3 The three Defendants com manded forces of around 1,000 men; such forces attacked Haskanita MGS, resulting in the death of twelve peacekeepers, the wounding of eight peacekeepers, as well as the destruction of communications installations, dormitories, vehicles and other materials belonging to the AMIS.4 In addition, the three Defendants personally participated, along with their forces, in the pillaging of Haskanita MGS and the theft of several vehicles, computers, cellular phones, military clothing, fuels, ammunition, refrigerators, and money.5 The Prosecutor applied for an arrest warrant of the three Defendants under Article 58(1 )(b) of the Rome Statute,6 accusing them of war crimes, and explaining that "[u]nder the Statute, intentionally directing attacks against personnel and property involved in a peacekeeping mission in accordance with the United Nations Charter and killing of peacekeeping personnel taking no active part in hostilities are war crimes ... ."7 The Prosecutor furthermore indicated in the arrest warrant Application that his office was willing to pursue a summons to appear as an alternative to the arrest warrant, should the Defendants express their willingness to voluntarily appear before the ICC.8
Overview and History of Chemokines and Their Receptors

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview and the history of chemokines and their receptors. The large family of structurally related chemotactic cytokines involved in the migration and activation of speciﬁc leukocytes is designated as “chemokines.” This family of chemotactic proteins appears to be conserved evolutionarily, as evidenced by its high degree of homology across species from mammals to fish. Chemokines, small molecular weight proteins ranging in size from approximately 8–15 kDa, chemoattract speciﬁc subsets of leukocytes, in addition to other cell types, and are characterized by the position of the ﬁrst two of four cysteine residues in highly conserved positions within their amino (N)‐terminal protein sequence. The chemokine family is now subdivided into four major groups, designated as “CXC” (formerly α chemokines), “CC” (formerly β chemokines), “C” (formerly γ chemokines), and “CX 3 C” (formerly δ chemokines). The regulation of leukocyte migration and activation during immune responses is the major function of chemokines; they also modulate additional biological activities, including hematopoiesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and viral pathogenesis.
The genesis of the College of Optics and Photonics at the University of Central Florida

Optics has emerged as a major "topic" in modern science and engineering. In fact, optics is playing an ever more important role in the world's economy and in medicine, as well as in military systems. However, in most academic institutions, optics (or any of its more contemporary names, such as photonics, quantum electronics, electro-optics, laser science, etc.) is confined to a course or two within the more "traditional" disciplines of physical science and engineering. In the language of mathematics, optics has not been considered as one of the base vectors (i.e., disciplines) used to define academic institutions. A notable exception is the emergence of the first college at an American University, the College of Optics and Photonics at UCF, devoted to optical science and engineering. The evolution of the academic research center CREOL (initially the Center for Research in Electro-Optics and Lasers) into a center devoted to research and education, to a School of Optics, and now the College of Optics and Photonics, will be reviewed.