cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ceramide, a putative second messenger for nerve growth factor, modulates the TTX-resistant Na(+) current and delayed rectifier K(+) current in rat sensory neurons.

Because nerve growth factor (NGF) is elevated during inflammation and is known to activate the sphingomyelin signalling pathway, we examined whether NGF and its putative second messenger, ceramide, could modulate the excitability of capsaicin-sensitive adult and embryonic sensory neurons. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique, exposure of isolated sensory neurons to either 100 ng ml−1 NGF or 1 μM N-acetyl sphingosine (C2-ceramide) produced a 3- to 4-fold increase in the number of action potentials (APs) evoked by a ramp of depolarizing current in a time-dependent manner. Intracellular perfusion with bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) also increased the number of APs suggesting that the release of native ceramide enhanced neuronal excitability. Glutathione, an inhibitor of neutral SMase, completely blocked the NGF-induced augmentation of AP firing, whereas dithiothreitol, an inhibitor of acidic SMase, was without effect. In the presence of glutathione and NGF, exogenous ceramide still enhanced the number of evoked APs, indicating that the sensitizing action of ceramide was downstream of NGF. To investigate the mechanisms of action for NGF and ceramide, isolated membrane currents were examined. Both NGF and ceramide facilitated the peak amplitude of the TTX-resistant sodium current (TTX-R INa) by approximately 1.5-fold and shifted the activation to more hyperpolarized voltages. In addition, NGF and ceramide suppressed an outward potassium current (IK) by ≈35 %. Ceramide reduced IK in a concentration-dependent manner. Isolation of the NGF- and ceramide-sensitive currents indicates that they were delayed rectifier types of IK. The inflammatory prostaglandin, PGE2, produced an additional suppression of IK after exposure to ceramide (≈35 %), suggesting that these agents might act on different targets. Thus, our findings indicate that the pro-inflammatory agent, NGF, can rapidly enhance the excitability of sensory neurons. This NGF-induced sensitization is probably mediated by activation of the sphingomyelin signalling pathway to liberate ceramide(s), wherein ceramide appears to be the second messenger involved in modulating neuronal excitability.
Effect of melting glaciers on the Earth's rotation and gravitational field: 1965–1984

SUMMARY Yearly mass balance data for 85 glaciers in 13 of the 31 mountain glacier systems designated in Meier’s (1984) paper are averaged for the years 1965-1984. Average rates of volume change for the 13 regions are compared to Meier’s (1984) estimates of glacial melting. These data cover regions that account for about 74 per cent of the volume change estimated to have occurred in all the 31 mountain glacier systems from 1900 to 1984. The volume changes in the 13 regions tend to be less than those calculated by using changes in the volume of glaciers between 1900 and 1961 (Meier 1984). Although the reason for this difference is not well known, it could result from melting, during the first half of the 20th century, of ice accumulated during earlier periods, or a decrease in the rise in atmospheric temperatures from 1945 to 1980. Spatial and temporal empirical orthogonal functional analysis is used to bring out the similarities and differences among the 13 regions and identify those regions contributing most to the variance of the data set. These regions are not necessarily those with the greatest average rates of volume change. Enough spatial variability is present to support the hypothesis that satellites may eventually be able to discern changes in the Earth’s glaciers through the gravitational field even though the signal from the mass change is small and changes in the gravitational field of the Earth are contaminated with gravity signals from other mass changes on the Earth’s surface and interior. Zonal coefficients of the spherical harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential are calculated for yearly mass changes for these 13 regions up to I = 8. There is little similarity, at decadal periods, between the polar motion excitation from mountain glacier systems and the observed excitation. The majority of observed polar motion excitation could be due to other surface mass changes including continental water storage; see, for example, Chao (1988). The amplitude of the interannual excitation due to the glacial signal computed here is less than 10 per cent of the observed excitation and the secular trend of the excitation from melting glaciers in the 13 regions is about one quarter of that of the observed excitation. Yearly changes in the length of day (LOD) are calculated from the glacial signals and compared to the observed yearly ALOD (excess LOD) signal. The contribution of glaciers to the total excess LOD signal is less than one part in 150 of the observed signal, as ALOD is caused mainly by core-mantle coupling at decadal periods, and atmospheric coupling at shorter periods. The contributions to displacement of the centre of mass of the solid Earth as seen by a satellite tracked from the Earth’s surface are calculated for the mountain glaciers and an 80 year record of global sea-level. For the glaciers, the average displacements are as much as 1 mm over 20 years and for sea-level, the Z-coordinate of the average displacement is 5mm over its 80 year record. Interannual signals
The moons of Mars

The physical properties, surface morphology, crater ejecta, and origin of Mars' moons Phobos and Deimos are considered in light of the intensive research done through the Mariner and Viking missions. Particular attention is given to orbits, secular acceleration and tides, photometric properties and phase curves, crater densities, grooves on Phobos, cratering mechanics, and dust belts.
Is Research on Hormones and Aging Finished? No! Just Started!

Levels of many hormones differ between older and younger persons. This has led to a popular hypothesis that these testing differences are “abnormal” in older people and therefore should be corrected (1–5). Beyond the research community, prescriptions of anabolic hormones such as growth hormone and testosterone have skyrocketed. However, whether these endocrine changes represent “normal aging” or progressive glandular disease, and whether there would be benefit to their correction is currently unresolved.
Implementing a high-volume, low-latency market data processing system on commodity hardware using IBM middleware

A stock market data processing system that can handle high data volumes at low latencies is critical to market makers. Such systems play a critical role in algorithmic trading, risk analysis, market surveillance, and many other related areas. We show that such a system can be built with general-purpose middleware and run on commodity hardware. The middleware we use is IBM System S, which has been augmented with transport technology from IBM WebSphere MQ Low Latency Messaging. Using eight commodity x86 blades connected with Ethernet and Infiniband, this system can achieve 80 μsec average latency at 3 times the February 2008 options market data rate and 206 μsec average latency at 15 times the February 2008 rate.
Protein translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and bacterial plasma membranes

A decisive step in the biosynthesis of many proteins is their partial or complete translocation across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane or the prokaryotic plasma membrane. Most of these proteins are translocated through a protein-conducting channel that is formed by a conserved, heterotrimeric membrane-protein complex, the Sec61 or SecY complex. Depending on channel binding partners, polypeptides are moved by different mechanisms: the polypeptide chain is transferred directly into the channel by the translating ribosome, a ratcheting mechanism is used by the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, and a pushing mechanism is used by the bacterial ATPase SecA. Structural, genetic and biochemical data show how the channel opens across the membrane, releases hydrophobic segments of membrane proteins laterally into lipid, and maintains the membrane barrier for small molecules.
Increasing the fracture toughness of a maraging steel type alloy

Mechanisms associated with fracture toughness of maraging steels aged at 550 to 600/sup 0/C are described. A correlation is observed between aging temperature and fracture toughness; this aging temperature is optimum for improved fracture toughness. It is shown that this aging temperature range improves the toughness by reducing the tendency for grain (or lath) boundary cracking, i.e., by reducing the amount of and/or by changing the morphology of the grain (or lath) boundary precipitate. It is suggested that there is an interaction between the formation of austenite and the formation of precipitate on the prior austenite and the lath boundaries, and that if austenite forms sufficiently early in the aging process boundary precipitation may be largely inhibited. This interaction is believed to account for the improved toughness at these aging temperatures. It should be noted that this interaction is independent of the presence of retained austenite after aging and that retained austenite is not responsible for the improved properties since no retained austenite was observed. This explanation for the improved toughness is supported by indirect evidence consisting largely of the relationship between the rate of formation of austenite and the rate of formation Ni/sub 3/Ti as a function of agingmore » temperature.« less
Tectonic Style, Magnitude, and Age of Deformation in the Sevier Orogenic Belt in Southern Nevada and Eastern California

Late Cretaceous deformation in southern Nevada and the adjacent part of California is part of the Sevier orogenic belt discussed by Armstrong (1968). Regional observations and detailed study in the northern Spring Mountains reveal a penetrative deformation, involving thrust faulting and folding that produced as much as 40 mi of crustal shortening. The tectonic style suggests a genetic relationship between folds and thrust faults, as translation occurred along the overturned limbs and axial surfaces of strongly asymmetric folds. The lack of stratigraphic control of thrust surfaces, the pervasive nature of the deformation, and the continuation of thrusts into Precambrian crystalline rocks are considered inconsistent with decollement or gravity-slide origins. The presence of a deep-seated Abscherungszone, as proposed by Armstrong (1963, 1968) and Armstrong and Hansen (1966) is consistent with observations. Thrust faulting was confined to a period between approximately 75 and 90 m.y. ago, although folding probably began somewhat earlier.
Gene selection for cancer classification using bootstrapped genetic algorithms and support vector machines

The gene expression data obtained from microarrays have shown useful in cancer classification. DNA microarray data have extremely high dimensionality compared to the small number of available samples. In this paper, we propose a novel system for selecting a set of genes for cancer classification. This system is based on a linear support vector machine and a genetic algorithm. To overcome the problem of the small size of training samples, bootstrap methods are combined into genetic search. Two databases are considered: the colon cancer database and the leukemia database. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of finding genes that discriminate between normal cells and cancer cells and generalizes well.
Visualization of Growth Curve Data from Phenotype Microarray Experiments

Phenotype microarrays provide a technology to simultaneously survey the response of an organism to nearly 2,000 substrates, including carbon, nitrogen and potassium sources; varying pH; varying salt concentrations; and antibiotics. In order to more quickly and easily view and compare the large number of growth curves produced by phenotype microarray experiments, we have developed software to produce and display color images, each of which corresponds to a set of 96 growth curves. Using color images to represent growth curves data has proven to be a valuable way to assess experiment quality, compare replicates, facilitate comparison of the responses of different organisms, and identify significant phenotypes. The color images are linked to traditional plots of growth versus time, as well as to information about the experiment, organism, and substrate. In order to share and view information and data project-wide, all information, plots, and data are accessible using only a Web browser.
Evaluating Evaluations: The Case of Parent Involvement Programs:

This article analyzes 41 studies that evaluated K–12 parent involvement programs in order to assess claims that such programs are an effective means of improving student learning. It examines the characteristics of the parent involvement programs, as well as the research design, data, and analytical techniques used in program evaluation. Our examination of evaluations found little empirical support for the widespread claim that parent involvement programs are an effective means of improving student achievement or changing parent, teacher, and student behavior. We do not conclude that programs are ineffective. Rather, serious design, methodological, and analytical flaws inherent in studies evaluating the effectiveness of parent involvement programs must be addressed before definite conclusions about program effectiveness can be reached. The findings of this study are particularly significant given the substantial federal support for parent involvement.
Historical perspective and current trends in the legal process of divorce.

Over the past 30 years, the legal status of husbands and wives in marriage has undergone major changes with the result that wives are now beginning to have more of an independent legal identity than in the past and, to some extent, more of an equal relationship with their husbands although full equality has not yet been achieved. At the same time, divorce laws and policies have consistently moved toward a view of marriage as an economic partnership and away from the concept of marriage as a status totally regulated by the state and dominated by the husband. This trend has produced significant changes in the statutes, which have, to a certain extent, limited judicial discretion regulating the assignment of marital property and the awarding of alimony upon divorce. These changes have given more consideration to the contribution of wives to the marital enterprise and to the financial needs of children. In addition, recently there has been a movement toward legislating how couples divorce, particularly with regard to their ability—with or without the assistance of counsel—to conclude their divorce with minimal official action. This article explores the trends toward the equality and legal autonomy of husbands and wives in marriage and in the divorce process with particular emphasis on methods of allocating marital property and on new and simplified procedures for divorce.
Identification and analysis of a conserved immunoglobulin E-binding epitope in soybean G1a and G2a and peanut Ara h 3 glycinins

To identify conserved immunoglobulin E (IgE)-binding epitopes among legume glycinins, we utilized recombinant soybean G2a and G2a-derived polypeptide fragments. All of these fusion polypeptides bound IgE, and the C-terminal 94-residue fragment appeared to bind more IgE. Using synthetic peptides we identified S219–N233 (S 219 GFAPEFLKEAFGVN 233 ) as the dominant IgE-binding epitope. Alanine scanning of this epitope indicated that six amino acids (E224, F225, L226, F230, G231, and V232) contributed most to IgE binding. Among these amino acids, only G231 of soybean G2a is not conserved in soybean G1a (S234) and peanut Ara h 3 (Q256). Synthetic peptides corresponding to the equivalent regions in G1a and Ara h 3 bound IgE in the order Ara h 3 ≥ soybean G2a > soybean G1a. This sequence represents a new IgE-binding epitope that occurs in a highly conserved region present in legume glycinins. Such IgE-binding sites could provide a molecular explanation for the IgE cross-reactivity observed between soybean and peanut proteins.
TRPV6 mediates capsaicin-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells—Mechanisms behind a possible new “hot” cancer treatment

Capsaicin is an organic compound in chili peppers which are consumed by over one quarter of the world's population daily. Studies have shown that capsaicin can induce apoptosis in some cancer cells by unknown mechanisms. In this study, both gastric cancer and normal epithelial cells were treated with capsaicin and examined for apoptosis by Annexin V binding. Our results showed that capsaicin induces apoptosis in both cells, although cancer cells are more susceptible. This susceptibility is dependent on the availability of TRPV6, a calcium-selective channel protein, as overexpression of TRPV6 in normal cells increased capsaicin-induced apoptosis and knockdown of TRPV6 in cancer cells suppressed this action. Our results further demonstrated that capsaicin increases mitochondrial permeability through activation of Bax and p53 in a JNK-dependent manner. Conclusions: (1) TRPV6, rather than TRPV1 (the well-known capsaicin receptor), mediates capsaicin-induced apoptosis in gastric cells; (2) abundance of TRPV6 in gastric cells determines their live or death under capsaicin treatment; and (3) capsaicin induces apoptosis by stabilization of p53 through JNK activation. Together, our data suggest that capsaicin may be a promising dietary candidate for cancer chemoprevention.
Validation of the Beliefs About Appearance Scale

The development of measures derived from the cognitive theory of eating disorders is still in its infancy. The Beliefs About Appearance Scale (BAAS), an instrument designed to measure dysfunctional attitudes about bodily appearance, is described and validated. The reliability and validity of the BAAS were evaluated and replicated in three independent samples. The BAAS was found to be an internally-consistent, unidimensional measure that exhibited both construct and criterion-related validity. The BAAS predicted eating disorder symptomatology over time and was sensitive to interventions designed to modify appearance beliefs. The findings support the BAAS' potential utility in assessing dysfunctional attitudes about appearance.
Modeling of possible hot-hohlraum targets for use in high-energy density experiments at the NIF

The development of a hot-hohlraum platform to facilitate the experimental study of matter in extreme states is important for future high-energy density physics (HEDP) at the National Ignition facility (NIF). Specifically, HEDP experiments can be used to test the accuracy of current models and databases for the equation of state (EOS) and x-ray opacity of materials. In the past, both laser and Z-pinch experiments have been used to perform shock driven tests of EOS (in the 100 GPa to 1 TPa regime), and for radiation transparency experiments at conditions relevant to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and astrophysics.
Failure of subcutaneous mastectomy to prevent the development of breast cancer

Three patients treated with bilateral subcutaneous mastectomies and implants for fibrocystic disease or carcinoma in situ subsequently developed invasive breast carcinoma. These cases emphasize that subcutaneous mastectomy does not prevent the development of breast cancer. If the circumstances in an individual patient justify prophylactic mastectomy, then the appropriate procedure would seem to be total mastectomy, which would accomplish thorough removal of all breast tissue, the subareolar region, and the nipple. Subcutaneous mastectomy for the patient who is likely to harbor occult invasive disease seems particularly inappropriate. As a means to reduce the risk of breast cancer, the procedure is unproved and must be considered an experimental therapeutic approach.
Experimental Approaches for Studies of Particulate Matter: The Case for Stronger Consideration of Dosimetric and Exposure Issues

There is currently great interest in the potential association of particulate matter (PM) air pollution with increased mortality and morbidity in susceptible human populations, particularly in individuals with preexistent pulmonary disease. The potential for preexistent disease to alter responses to inhaled PM is poorly understood in both humans and laboratory animal models but is the subject of intense regulatory and scientific activity. Efforts to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which the injured lung handles various types of inhaled PM will require carefully crafted experimental studies and the development of relevant animal models. A significant and growing body of knowledge confirms the importance of particle deposition, translocation, and clearance in determining the type and extent of particleinduced pulmonary disease. Respiratory tract targets at the cellular and molecular levels are determined largely by the location of delivered PM, making it virtually impossible to dissociate dosimetry issues from biologic responses in studies of PM exposure. Studies have recently demonstrated differences in sites of particle retention and lung tissue responses between rodents and nonhuman primates that inhaled identical particles [I 11, underscoring the need to develop a greater understanding of microdosimetry patterns of inhaled PM in both the normal and injured lung in a variety of species. Unfortunately, in many experimental particle studies there has been a lack of rigor applied to issues of particle administration and to issues of delivered dose and dose rate. This includes both in vivo animal experiments and in vitro studies using target lung cells. Although toxicologists have long grappled with the formidable tasks of extrapolation from species to species and from high to low dose, there is a growing realization in toxicology that bolus administration of high concentrations of toxicant may invoke mechanistic pathways that are very different from those invoked under more realistic exposure paradigms. Increasingly, the toxicology community has learned that
EUS-Guided Pancreatic Cyst Ablation

Pancreatic cystic lesions consist of inflammatory pseudocysts and neoplastic lesions. Mucinous cystic lesions pose a risk of malignant degeneration. Although the natural history has not been well defined, it is likely that malignant change in the epithelium takes place over years. The traditional therapy of mucinous cystic lesions has been surgical resection. Lesions in the head of the pancreas will require a Whipple resection, whereas tail lesions are managed with a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. In patients at high risk for surgical resection, the risk/benefit ratio may be excessively high, not supporting the use of resection therapy. Ethanol ablation therapy has been thoroughly studied in hepatic, renal, and thyroid cysts. Epithelial ablation with ethanol appears to be highly effective and relatively safe. Recently, ethanol ablation has been evaluated in pancreatic cystic neoplasms. In macrocystic lesions between 1 and 5 cm, ethanol lavage will result in epithelial ablation and cyst resolution in a high percentage of patients. Pancreatitis is rarely observed clinically and is not present in resection specimens. A randomized prospective clinical trial is currently underway.
HEREDITY, GENES AND OSTEOARTHRITIS

Human osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disease with multiple pathogenetic mechanisms implicated in its development and progression. Despite its complex clinical expression, it appears that some forms of OA have a heritable component. This article briefly updates the reader on recent research that addresses the subject of heredity as one of significance in the etiology of OA.
A contribution to the seismic history of Missouri

Abstract The status of Missouri as a state which contains active seismic areas has been a subject for speculation ever since the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 and 1812. Local seismic research, however, was slow in starting, owing principally to the lack of available instruments to supply data sufficiently accurate for detailed work. Two events which gave great impetus to the progress of Missouri earthquake study were, first, the installation of the seismograph at St. Louis University in 1909, and second, the inauguration of the definite regional study plan which was proposed by Father Macelwane in 1925. The various stages in the development of regional earthquake study in Missouri have influenced the availability of data on the historical sequence of Missouri earthquakes. This paper, which is offered as a contribution to the seismic history of Missouri, reflects somewhat the growth of interest in local tremors. This growth, as shown by the increase in sources of data in the more recent years, is emphasized in order to avoid the misleading interpretation that the seismicity of Missouri is increasing. It is shown that although tabulation of the earthquakes, recorded by years, showed an increase in the yearly average from 0.6 in 1911 to 4.0 for the years 1930-1939, the latter figure seems the more nearly correct, and the former may be somewhat low owing to the incomplete data for the first half century following the New Madrid disaster. The earthquakes which have been felt in Missouri or which may possibly have been felt are listed by years, together with as many of the pertinent details as are available or space permits. By an examination of this list of shocks it can be seen that most of the earthquakes which have been felt in Missouri originate in more or less definite seismic districts. Six such districts are suggested for Missouri and they are called because of their locations the New Madrid, St. Marys, St. Louis, Hannibal, Springfield, and Northwestern Missouri seismic districts. Some of the earthquakes which have been felt in Missouri have apparently originated from seismic areas outside of the state boundaries. Four of these out-of-state areas are recognized, namely, the Centralia and Harrisburg districts in Illinois, the Anna, Ohio, region, and the Kansas-Nebraska Nemaha belt. It is shown that nearly 85 per cent of all the seismic activity of Missouri origin comes from two seismic areas: about 60 per cent from the New Madrid area, and about 25 per cent from the St. Marys fault region. A tabulation of the earthquakes by intensities indicates that most of the earthquakes of strong intensities also seem to come from the southeastern Mossouri area although only about 7 ½ per cent of the total of earthquakes recorded since 1816 have been strong enough to endanger life.
Anti-Slapp Meets Erie: State Laws Combating Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation and Their Application in Federal Diversity Actions

This Note argues that anti-SLAPP statutes should be given full effect in federal forums. Part 1 explains the phenomenon of SLAPP litigation and examines states’ anti-SLAPP legislative response. Part II overviews the Erie doctrine and the current, somewhat confused, state of the law following the U.S. Supreme Court’s most recent decision in Shady Grove Orthopedic Association v. Allstate Insurance, Co. The part first discusses the distinction between a broad versus a narrow reading of the Federal Rules. Next, the part considers whether the Rules Enabling Act permits facial or as-applied challenges to the validity of a Federal Rule. Part II then examines the decisions of courts having considered whether state anti-SLAPP laws should apply in federal diversity suits. In Part III, this Note argues that regardless of how the breadth of a Federal Rule is construed, both strains of the subsequent Erie analysis favor application of anti-SLAPP statutes in federal court. A narrow reading of the Federal Rules avoids direct conflict with state anti- SLAPP statutes. In the absence of such a conflict, the twin aims of Erie strongly favor giving effect to anti-SLAPP statutes. This Note also argues that a proper reading of the REA as permitting “as-applied” challenges to the validity of the Federal Rules calls for the anti-SLAPP laws to prevail even if a direct conflict is found.
Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy: a review of effects on growth and development of offspring.

Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy is associated with increased spontaneous abortion rates, preand postnatal growth retardation, congenital defects, and behavioral anomalies. There is considerable evidence, both direct and indirect, that many of these effects are due to fetal hypoxia. Concern over alcohol's potential to affect the developing fetus can be traced back to Biblical times. In the story of Samson, for example, the hero's mother is cautioned: "Behold, you are barren and have no children; but you shall conceive and bear a son. Therefore, beware, and drink no wine or strong drink. . ." (Judges, 13:3-4). The Greek philosopher/scientists were certainly aware of alcohol's teratogenic potential (see review by Warner and Rosett, 1975): "It is not right that procreation should be the work of bodies dissolved by excess wine, but rather that the embryo should be compacted firmly, steadily, and quietly in the womb,'' said Plato (Laws, 6:775). Aristotle likewise cautioned that "foolish, drunken, or hare-brained women [for the] most part bring forth children like unto themselves, morose and languid'' (quoted by Burton, 1621, p. 90). Similar expressions of concern about drinking during pregnancy continued to be expressed periodically, especially during England's "Gin Epidemic" of 1720-1750 (see Warner and Rosett, 1975), but it was not until the recent publications in 1973 by Jones and Smith (1973; Jones et al. 1973) that alcohol's teratogenic potential gained widespread recognition and acceptance. Since these publications in 1973 there have been literally hundreds of clinical and research studies concerned with the pattern of alcohol-related defects which has come to to be known clinically as the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and with the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure in general (Abel, 1981a). This review will summarize some general trends in this literature and will examine in depth one of the mechanisms whereby alcohol may be adversely affecting fetal development. 1Research Institute on Alcoholism, New York State Division of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, 1021 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203 Human Biology, September, 1982 , Vol. 54 No. 3, pp. 421-453. & Wayne State University Press, 1982 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.149 on Sat, 09 Jul 2016 05:38:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
A Sharp Focus on Insect Populations and Pest Management From a Wide-Area View

Thanks to outstanding scientists such as C. L. Metcalf, we have a reasonably sound base, scientifically and philosophically, for entomology. However, if he were here today, he would be insistent that we review our conceptual framework and adjust it to accommodate the increasing stream of new information, in order to responsibly address the problems and challenges of exploding populations and technology.
Leaning in and Leaning Back at the Same Time Toward a Spirituality of Work-Related Learning

The ProblemThe spirituality of work movement placed emphasis on the importance of meaning and purpose in work and the workplace. However, the spiritual dimensions of work-related learning remained largely undeveloped. Given recent economic developments that threaten to undo any gains achieved by this movement, it is important that human resource development (HRD) help individuals and organizations learn to engage in the inner learning that creates deep meaning and purpose in our work.The SolutionThis article locates work-related learning within the spirituality of work context. Using Jungian and post-Jungian psychology, the article provides a theoretical perspective for thinking about meaning and purpose in work-related learning and the key features of educational and organizational environments that foster such learning and development.The StakeholdersThe perspective developed in this article will be helpful to teachers, trainers, and HRD practitioners involved in formal work-related learning programs, a...
Edmund Spenser’s “Epithalamion” and Strategic Spatiality

Three types ofdeixis are especially important in Spenser’s poem: his use of“heere”in line 71, his repeated references to “this day,” and his deployment of the deictic motion verb “come.” Studying them demonstrates the many ways his deictics can be seen as strategic and provides new perspectives on the poem’s relationship to the English presence in Ireland while also supplementing, complicating, and evaluating that political reading.
Processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties of large-grained zirconium diboride ceramics

Abstract Zirconium diboride ceramics produced using commercial ZrB 2 powders, and milled with zirconium diboride grinding media, were fabricated by hot-pressing at temperatures of 2100–2200 °C with hold times of 30–120 min. This ZrB 2 exhibits no additional impurities typically introduced by milling with grinding media of differing composition. Microstructure analysis revealed grain sizes ranging from ~25 to ~50 µm along with ~3 vol% porosity. Flexure strength ranged from 335 to 400 MPa, elastic modulus from 490 to 510 GPa, fracture toughness from 2.7 to 3.2 MPa m ½ , and hardness from 13.0 to 14.4 GPa. Strength limiting flaws were identified as surface grain pullout induced by machining. Elastic modulus and hardness were found to increase with decreasing porosity. Compared to the fine grained ceramics typically reported, large grain zirconium diboride ceramics exhibit higher than expected room temperature strengths.
Transmembrane oxalate exchange: its relationship to idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.

AbstractRed blood cell oxalate flux rates were measured in various populations of stone patients and controls. Idiopathic and normocalciuric stone patients and post-prostatectomy patients exhibited rates significantly greater than the nonstone controls. The fact that this abnormality was not limited to patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis suggests that this cellular defect is not universal nor an important etiological factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.
Non-line-of-sight imaging using active light fields

Active illumination with spatial and fast temporal patterns makes it possible to process indirect components of the light field that are usually discarded as background noise. One application of this indirect light is imaging
It's Tax not Trade (Stupid)

Globalization, trade and other free market policies increase wealth. But the gains from trade are not being evenly spread among all citizens. People and politicians rage against foreigners. But it is the United States tax system, not trade, that ought to change, and wealthy Americans, not workers world-wide, who should be sharing the wealth. And it is the form of tax, not just its rate structure, that must reform, so that capital at last bears a meaningful share of the burden.
Lateral GaN Devices for Power Applications (from kHz to GHz)

GaN and related materials have exploded onto the semiconductor landscape because of the broad range of applications that they address. The most visible is that it has enabled the solid-state lighting revolution with GaN-based LEDs now replacing incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs because of both their low cost and return on investment due to electricity savings afforded by their enhanced efficiency. GaN has also enabled full color displays from cell phones to stadiums, automotive and airplane mood cabin lighting to head lamps based on LEDs and most recently lasers. These are just a few of the applications that have created a >$10B and rapidly expanding market. In the wake of the photonics applications, GaN electronic applications are now emerging in their own right to serve a multi-billion market from cell phone infrastructure to RADAR and communications to power conversion applications. The dominant device that is used for electronic applications is the AlGaN/GaN HEMT. This chapter will address the materials aspects (briefly) and the various device designs that are of value in different applications.
Motivation and motor cortical activity can independently affect motor performance.

Abstract The present study explored the relationship between motor-preparatory electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, motivation, and motor performance (specifically premotor reaction time [RT]). Participants performed a RT task by squeezing a hand dynamometer in response to an auditory “go” signal. We recorded EEG and electromyography to index beta-suppression and premotor RT, respectively. Participants’ motivation on each trial was modulated by offering monetary incentives at different magnitudes. Mixed-effect linear regression models showed that monetary incentive predicted premotor RT when controlling for beta-suppression, and beta-suppression independently predicted premotor RT. Thus, it appears motivation and beta-suppression can facilitate motor performance independent of one another. A plausible explanation of this effect is that motivation can affect motor performance independent of the motor cortex by influencing subcortical motor circuitry.
Synthesis and chemistry of elemental 2D materials

This Review covers recent progress and current challenges in the synthesis and stabilization of elemental 2D materials — topical species with peculiar properties. The further development of preparative methodologies will help to expand the 2D materials library well beyond naturally occurring layered materials, and afford products with unique structures and functions.
Stable Ischemic Heart Disease

Shared decisions with patients about diagnostic and treatment choices including informing patients about options, risks, benefits, and costs
Precaution: Open gene drive research.

In their Policy Forum “Precaution and governance of emerging technologies” (11 November 2016, p. [710][1]), G. E. Kaebnick and colleagues convincingly assert that precaution is consistent with support for science. However, they overlook one way to improve safety while hastening discovery: Make
The Effects of Peer Tutoring on the Reading Comprehension Performance of Secondary Students With Disabilities: A Systematic Review

The purposes of this review were to examine the effects of peer tutoring models on the reading comprehension performance of secondary students with disabilities and to provide evidence of the exten...
Relationship Between Periodontal Screening and Recording Index Scores and Need for Periodontal Access Surgery

Background: The validity of using pretreatment Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) index sextant scores to estimate periodontal access surgery needs is evaluated in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy.Methods: In 110 adults, pretreatment probing data identified 486 sextants with PSR scores of 4 and 125 sextants with PSR scores of 3. Periodontal access surgery needs for all sextants were determined prior to treatment and after completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy for 213 sextants in 38 patients by two experienced periodontist examiners.Results: PSR scores of 4 identified untreated sextants with periodontal access surgery needs significantly better than PSR scores of 3 (odds ratio = 27.8; P <0.001) in multilevel, mixed-effects, logistic regression modeling analysis. However, only 37.6% of sextants with both pretreatment PSR scores of 4 and a pretreatment periodontal access surgery need continued to have surgical access needs aft...
Religious Business Ethics as Interpretation: A Jewish Perspective

This paper examines the method of Jewish business ethics. MichaelWalzer, in his work, Interpretation and Social Criticism (1987), suggeststhree common and important approaches to moral philosophy. He labels thesethe path of discovery, the path of invention, and the path ofinterpretation. The first part of this paper argues that Jewish businessethics is best thought of in terms of interpretation. Without question, thereligious ethicist immediately recognizes Walzer‘s metaphor of the moralworld as a ’home occupied by a single family over many generations... ‘as his own. Ethical arguments from a Jewish perspective must of necessityhave a ’lived-in quality‘ and always make reference to and are based on the’memory-laden objects and artifacts.‘ The second part of the paper exploressome of the implications of Jewish business ethics as interpretation.
Social Network Analysis in the Context of Humanitarian Logistics

Social network analysis (SNA) offers promising opportunities for research in humanitarian logistics, although this area is currently in its formative stage. This chapter provides a brief background on the growth of SNA, a chronological review of SNA-related literature in the context of supply chains, and a tutorial section outlining SNA concepts and metrics. Compellingly, even the small body of SNA-related humanitarian literature available appears to break from the broader supply chain domain’s concentration on social/structural capital, building instead from the full spectrum of firm-level to whole-network-level analysis. From these observations it is argued that humanitarian logistics is uniquely positioned to further our understanding of network analysis across the broader domain of supply chain management, particularly in the study of adaptive and emergent supply networks.
A New Holistic Model of 2-D Semiconductor FETs

An analytical compact model for 2-D crystal FETs is proposed. It provides an explicit expression for the drain current as a function of the gate and drain voltages considering Fermi–Dirac statistics and drift-diffusion transport. The model is applicable to n-type or p-type symmetric and asymmetric double gate devices as well as single gate transistors. It is validated against experimental results and can be used to explore in a simple but accurate fashion the physics and the performance limits of 2-D crystal FETs.
Hedgehog signaling controls progenitor differentiation timing during heart development

A balance between progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation is tightly regulated during embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is known to function within the progenitor cell populations of several developing and regenerative organs, and in cancers with resident progenitor subpopulations. Here we provide evidence that Hh signaling dictates differentiation timing by promoting progenitor status and inhibiting differentiation during mammalian heart morphogenesis. Removal of active Hh signaling from cardiac progenitors in vivo caused increased cardiomyocyte differentiation gene expression, precocious differentiation, and Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). Modeling active Hh signaling through expression of the activating Hh transcription factor (TF), GLI1, in cardiac progenitors enabled the maintenance of a progenitor-specific regulatory network and delayed onset of the cardiomyocyte differentiation program. Progenitor-specific, but not differentiated cardiomyocyte-specific, accessible chromatin regions were enriched for GLI binding motifs. Furthermore, GLI1 expression promoted a global shift of chromatin accessibility towards progenitor-like, and away from cardiomyocyte-like, profiles at distal regulatory elements. The shift from active to repressive GLI TF abundance comprised a molecular switch that determined the activity patterns of progenitor-specific regulatory elements in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Hh signaling modulates a GLI switch at progenitor enhancers to activate progenitor gene expression and inhibit premature differentiation, thereby determining cardiac progenitor differentiation timing. This provides a novel molecular paradigm for progenitor maintenance by signal-dependent TFs with implications for organ development, regenerative potential, and cancer.
Personality Development Through Natural Language

Ego level is a broad construct that summarizes individual differences in personality development 1 . We examine ego level as it is represented in natural language, using a composite sample of four datasets comprising nearly 44,000 responses. We find support for a developmental sequence in the structure of correlations between ego levels, in analyses of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) categories 2 and in an examination of the individual words that are characteristic of each level. The LIWC analyses reveal increasing complexity and, to some extent, increasing breadth of perspective with higher levels of development. The characteristic language of each ego level suggests, for example, a shift from consummatory to appetitive desires at the lowest stages, a dawning of doubt at the Self-aware stage, the centrality of achievement motivation at the Conscientious stage, an increase in mutuality and intellectual growth at the Individualistic stage and some renegotiation of life goals and reflection on identity at the highest levels of development. Continuing empirical analysis of ego level and language will provide a deeper understanding of ego development, its relationship with other models of personality and individual differences, and its utility in characterizing people, texts and the cultural contexts that produce them. A linguistic analysis of nearly 44,000 responses to the Washington University Sentence Completion Test elucidates the construct of ego development (personality development through adulthood) and identifies unique linguistic markers of each level of development.
Bathhouse Counseling, or the Relevance of Psychoanalytic Interventions in Clinical Social Work

The present article explores ways in which psychoanalytic theory and technique can help clinical social workers and psychoanalytic clinicians face some of the challenges of working with difficult-t...
To admit or not to admit? Experience with outpatient thyroidectomy for Graves' disease in a high-volume tertiary care center.

Abstract Background Outpatient thyroidectomy is increasingly performed. Thyroidectomy for Graves' disease, however, has greater risk of periprocedural complications, limiting use of same-day procedures. We sought to demonstrate that these patients may be managed with ambulatory surgery. Methods The experience of one endocrine surgeon with thyroidectomy for Graves' was examined from January 2016–November 2017. Forty-one patients met criteria. Patient demographics, perioperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes including emergency department utilization and readmission were recorded. Results Mean age was 31.5 ± 17.0 years, with 80% females. Mode ASA score was 3, and median operative time was 77 minutes (43–132). Complications included transient hypocalcaemia in 12%, and temporary laryngeal nerve palsy in 9.7%, with no permanent complications. Two patients were admitted immediately postoperatively for non-medical reasons. Thirty-day emergency rdepartment visits were noted in 9.7%, with subsequent readmission of 7%. Conclusions Outpatient total thyroidectomy is safe and effective with acceptable morbidity in the Graves' patient.
Thoughts on patient safety education and the role of simulation.

Patient simulation in medical education is an effective tool to teach response skills needed to ensure patient safety. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Risk Assessment of Low Dose Exposure to Carcinogens

To assess the risk to the public from lifetime exposures to very low levels of carcinogens, federal agencies routinely model dose-response relationships and estimate the exposure levels that are likely to be “virtually safe”. The data for these purposes comes from animal bioassays which use much higher dose levels than those to which humans are exposed in the environment. The big problem is how to best estimate the dose-response curve at the very low dose levels. In this paper, I introduce a new framework to the problem which takes advantage of the fact that various dose-response curves differ in their inherent risk mechanisms. Within the framework, a new justification is given to the default model used by federal agencies. A new model, which complements the default model, has a similar justification. Together, they greatly improve risk/benefit analyses.