cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soil microbial community structure across a thermal gradient following a geothermal heating event.

In this study microbial species diversity was assessed across a landscape in Yellowstone National Park, where an abrupt increase in soil temperature had occurred due to recent geothermal activity. Soil temperatures were measured, and samples were taken across a temperature gradient (35 to 65°C at a 15-cm depth) that spanned geothermally disturbed and unimpacted soils; thermally perturbed soils were visually apparent by the occurrence of dead or dying lodgepole pine trees. Changes in soil microbial diversity across the temperature gradient were qualitatively assessed based on 16S rRNA sequence variation as detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using both ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and rRNA as PCR templates and primers specific for the Bacteria or Archaea domain. The impact of the major heating disturbance was apparent in that DGGE profiles from heated soils appeared less complex than those from the unaffected soils. Phylogenetic analysis of a bacterial 16S rDNA PCR clone library from a recently heated soil showed that a majority of the clones belonged to the Acidobacterium (51%) and Planctomyces (18%) divisions. Agar plate counts of soil suspensions cultured on dilute yeast extract and R2A agar media incubated at 25 or 50°C revealed that thermophile populations were two to three orders of magnitude greater in the recently heated soil. A soil microcosm laboratory experiment simulated the geothermal heating event. As determined by both RNA- and DNA-based PCR coupled with DGGE, changes in community structure (marked change in the DGGE profile) of soils incubated at 50°C occurred within 1 week and appeared to stabilize after 3 weeks. The results of our molecular and culture data suggest that thermophiles or thermotolerant species are randomly distributed in this area within Yellowstone National Park and that localized thermal activity selects for them.
Just the Imagination: Why Imagining Doesn ' t Behave Like Believing

According to recent accounts of the imagination, mental mechanisms that can take input from both imagining and from believing will process imagination-based inputs (pretense representations) and isomorphic beliefs in much the same way. That is, such a mechanism should produce similar outputs whether its input is the belief that p or the pretense representation that p. Unfortunately, there seem to be clear counter- examples to this hypothesis, for in many cases, imagining that p and believing that p have quite different psychological consequences. This paper sets out some central problem cases and argues that the cases might be accommodated by adverting to the role of desires concerning real and imaginary situations.
Alkalinity and pH in the southern Chesapeake Bay and the James River estuary1

The ranges of alkalinity and pH in the southern Chesapeake Bay and the James River estuary were 2.25 meq·liter−1 at 32‰ to <0.85 at salinities below 6‰ and 7.5– 8.3 during the sampling period. Alkalinity is linearly related to salinity in southern Chesapeake Bay. In the James River estuary, the relationship is more complicated as a result of the mixing of various sources of water or the removal of alkalinity. pH values increase with salinity. The variations in pH may be caused by the salinity-dependence of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid.
Dealing With Innovation And Costs In Orthopedics: A Conversation With Dane Miller

ABSTRACT: Rob Burns talks with Dane Miller, former CEO of Biomet, about challenges posed by new technology in the orthopedic devices area. One key challenge is the rising cost and use of orthopedic...
A design methodology for networks of online modules and its application to the Levinson-Durbin algorithm

The use of online arithmetic was often proposed for hardware implementations of complex digital-signal processing (DSP) algorithms. However, several important issues in the design process of such algorithms using online arithmetic are rarely discussed in the literature. This paper presents these issues and provides a methodology to analyze the behavior of networks of online arithmetic modules performing serial computation over fixed-point numbers. The methodology is presented, applied in several examples, and finally used to design an efficient field programmable gate arrays implementation of the Levinson-Durbin algorithm in an application of the Yule-Walker power spectrum estimation. The methodology can be applied to other algorithms as well and it simplifies the task of designing and verifying a network of online modules. The experimental results show the advantages of online arithmetic in the design of complex DSP algorithms.
A model for virtual tree bandwidth allocation in ATM networks

The technique of virtual paths is used in ATM networks to perform bandwidth allocation for virtual circuits and to simplify setting up of virtual circuits in response to connection requests. The author describe a new technique called virtual trees that can be used for bandwidth allocation in ATM networks. A virtual tree corresponds to pre-allocated bandwidth along a set of links in the network that form a tree rooted at a source node and leading to various destinations. The use of virtual trees provides more flexibility to a source node in setting up a virtual circuit and results in smaller rejection probabilities for connection requests. virtual trees retain all the advantages of virtual paths but have a better performance potential. The authors present an optimization model for bandwidth allocation for virtual tree configurations and present the results of a simulation study comparing the performance of virtual trees with that of virtual paths.
Simulation of contact using a nonlinear damping model

In this paper, a simple nonlinear contact model is presented for use in computer simulation. The nonlinear model is shown to maintain the computational simplicity of the linear model while addressing many of its deficiencies. One such advantage is that contact forces vary continuously over time. A new phase plane solution for the nonlinear model is obtained which reveals many previously unnoted properties. These include proper variation of the coefficient of restitution with impact velocity over a wide range of impact velocities, independence of model parameters, and lack of tensile (sticking) forces in simple impacts. An example is presented which demonstrates the use of the contact model in simulating the foot-ground interaction during the locomotion cycle of a walking machine.
Phonological processing and reading abilities in adolescents and adults with severe congenital speech impairments

Use of phonological coding during reading and short-term memory tasks was examined in 12 participants with congenital speech impairments who had reading grade levels of 3.0 or better. Six of the participants had no intelligible speech (anarthria) and six had moderate to severe speech production impairments (dysarthria). All 12 participants were capable of judging the homophony of printed words and nonwords, indicating that accurate phonological coding of text can occur in the absence of speech. Moreover, five participants with dysarthria and two with anarthria appeared to employ phonological coding in short-term memory tasks, as indicated by a phonological similarity effect in serial order memory, and also more weakly by a word length effect in serial order memory. These data indicate that persons with severe congenital speech impairments can learn to use phonological coding during reading and short-term memory tasks; articulatory coding is therefore not a necessary part of the phonological coding process...
Establishing MR&R Costs for a Network-Level Bridge Management System

The development of standardized maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation (MR&R) cost data for a network-level bridge management system (BMS) is presented. The Pontis BMS requires several data inputs, including the agency's costs to perform bridge maintenance actions. Most states that are implementing Pontis do not have historical cost data standardized according to MR&R action, element, and condition state as required. The development of a questionnaire for collecting MR&R costs is described. The questionnaire was used to collect the estimated costs of MR&R actions on 25 bridge elements. Standard definitions of the physical characteristics for the elements were developed. Direct and indirect factors that influence MR&R costs were identified and organized into scenarios corresponding to the extreme minimum and maximum costs. The cost data collected by the questionnaire were analyzed. Procedures for assessing the variability of the estimated costs are presented. The coefficient of variation was used to measu...
Economic Growth in a Transfer Society: The United States Experience

Economic growth occurs when individuals of a society engage in productive, positive-sum games. Conventional measures of growth, however, include measures of positive- and negative-sum games. This paper establishes a framework for distinguishing between productive (positive-sum) and transfer (negative-sum) activity. The role of the Constitution in promoting productive activity is discussed.
Label free detection of PCR amplification

In this paper, we present a method for the label-free detection of PCR products using impedance spectroscopy. Instead of using conventional optical detection instruments, our method provides a direct detection of amplified target genes in PCR. As a proof of concept, identification of a target bacterium in a mixture of microorganisms is demonstrated.
A Conic Programming Approach to Generalized Tchebycheff Inequalities

Consider the problem of finding optimal bounds on the expected value of piecewise polynomials over all measures with a given set of moments. This is a special class ofgeneralized Tchebycheff inequalities in probability theory. We study this problem within the framework of conic programming. Relying on a general approximation scheme for conic programming, we show that these bounds can be numerically computed or approximated via semidefinite programming. We also describe some applications of this class of generalized Tchebycheff inequalities in probability, finance, and inventory theory.
Further studies of the hormonal induction of melanogenesis in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus.

New experiments confirm the respective roles of prolactin and intermedin in the in vivo melanin pigmentation of Fundulus heteroclitus: prolactin promotes melanin synthesis, intermedinstimulates proliferation of melanocytcs. Prolactin potentiates the response to intermedin, but intermedin has no reciprocal influence on the response to prolactin. Treatment with alkali enhances the activity of intermedin about tenfold. The response to alkali-treated intermedin increases in proportion to the close. The slight melanocyte stimulatingaction of ACTH, which is potentiated by prolactin, is concordant with its inherent MSH-like activity. In vitro studies of fin samples incubated with dopa indicate a significant correlation between O2 consumption and degree of darkening. After hypophysectomy, which leads to progressive in vivo depigmentation, dopa tyrosinase activity declined. Enzyme activity was restored, to a greater or lesser extent, by chronic administration of any of the 3 hormones under investigation: prolactin...
Decreased replication origin activity in temporal transition regions

In the mammalian genome, early- and late-replicating domains are often separated by temporal transition regions (TTRs) with novel properties and unknown functions. We identified a TTR in the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus, which contains replication origins that are silent in embryonic stem cells but activated during B cell development. To investigate which factors contribute to origin activation during B cell development, we systematically modified the genetic and epigenetic status of the endogenous Igh TTR and used a single-molecule approach to analyze DNA replication. Introduction of a transcription unit into the Igh TTR, activation of gene transcription, and enhancement of local histone modifications characteristic of active chromatin did not lead to origin activation. Moreover, very few replication initiation events were observed when two ectopic replication origin sequences were inserted into the TTR. These findings indicate that the Igh TTR represents a repressive compartment that inhibits replication initiation, thus maintaining the boundaries between early and late replication domains.
Atomic Diffusion and Strain Measurement on Si Grating Structures by X-Ray Diffraction

We have applied high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction to two-dimensional (2D) Si gratings with wavelengths of 300 and 400nm. We show that this method is very sensitive to both the geometry (grating wavelength, height, and angle of inclined sidewall) and the state of strain. Morphology changes produced by vacuum annealing can be detected so that the mass transport rates on Si surfaces can be measured. Strain measurements show that grating pillars covered with 1 lnm of thermal oxide were under tension (e = 3.7 × 10−4). This strain was elastically relaxed by removing the oxide.
Research News and Communications

(1931). Research News and Communications. The Journal of Educational Research: Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 183-192.
Notch Signaling and T-Helper Cells in EAE/MS

The Notch signaling pathway preservation across species hints to the indispensable role it plays during evolution. Over the last decade the science community has extensively studied the Notch signaling pathway, with Notch emerging as a key player in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis, and immunoregulation. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable yet treatable autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The aim of this review is to provide a brief description of the Notch signaling pathway, and summarize the current literature implicating Notch in the pathogenesis of MS.
Validity of the mockwitness paradigm: testing the assumptions.

Mockwitness identifications are used to provide a quantitative measure of lineup fairness. Some theoretical and practical assumptions of this paradigm have not been studied in terms of mockwitnesses' decision processes and procedural variation (e.g., instructions, lineup presentation method), and the current experiment was conducted to empirically evaluate these assumptions. Four hundred and eighty mockwitnesses were given physical information about a culprit, received 1 of 4 variations of lineup instructions, and were asked to identify the culprit from either a fair or unfair sequential lineup containing 1 of 2 targets. Lineup bias estimates varied as a result of lineup fairness and the target presented. Mockwitnesses generally reported that the target's physical description was their main source of identifying information. Our findings support the use of mockwitness identifications as a useful technique for sequential lineup evaluation, but only for mockwitnesses who selected only 1 lineup member. Recommendations for the use of this evaluation procedure are discussed.
Enhanced expression of specific cell cycle markers in stem cell enriched areas in glioblastoma.

A100 Glioblastoma is a notoriously heterogeneous cancer of the central nervous system which rarely metastasizes but has a high propensity for extensive local diffuse invasion of the adjacent brain. Recently, my research team at VCU has prospectively collected regional biopsies from tumor periphery and core of glioblastoma (GBM) and other tumors, with the intent to study the regional differences in gene expression which might arise from different microenvironments within the tumor. In a study comparing invasive rim versus perinecrotic core samples of 12 untreated glioblastomas, we identified the neural stem cell marker Sox-11 as one of a suite of CNS stem cell-related genes up-regulated in the tumor rim using Affymetrix microarrays, quantitative PCR, immunostaining and western blotting. Importantly, Sox-11 expression was tightly correlated with expression of the cell cycle markers including TOPO2A, NUSAP, SKIP1, and Ki67, as well as CD133 and Nestin expression levels in the Affymetrix datasets and by qPCR. Sox-11 expression predicted poor overall survival in an independent cohort of 50 GBM specimens. Down-regulation of Sox-11 U251MG and primary GBM cells in vitro using siRNA led to decreased Sox-11 protein expression and diminished cell growth. Other transcriptional regulators of interest were also identified in this work, including the gene Lhx2, which is similarly reported to be up-regulated during proliferative periods in the developing neocortex, and which has been implicated in maintenance of stem cell phenotype in neuroectodermally derived cells. Given the proposed role of CNS stem cells as tumor initiating cells, current studies are testing the hypothesis that poor overall survival is a direct result of the role of cancer stem cells in generating rapidly proliferating Sox-11 expressing progenitors. These studies indicate that gene expression differences between host endogenous CNS stem cell versus tumor CNS stem cells can be discerned and may allow tumor initiating cell-specific targeting in vivo.
Macrophage Phenotype and Function in Different Stages of Atherosclerosis

The remarkable plasticity and plethora of biological functions performed by macrophages have enticed scientists to study these cells in relation to atherosclerosis for >50 years, and major discoveries continue to be made today. It is now understood that macrophages play important roles in all stages of atherosclerosis, from initiation of lesions and lesion expansion, to necrosis leading to rupture and the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, to resolution and regression of atherosclerotic lesions. Lesional macrophages are derived primarily from blood monocytes, although recent research has shown that lesional macrophage-like cells can also be derived from smooth muscle cells. Lesional macrophages take on different phenotypes depending on their environment and which intracellular signaling pathways are activated. Rather than a few distinct populations of macrophages, the phenotype of the lesional macrophage is more complex and likely changes during the different phases of atherosclerosis and with the extent of lipid and cholesterol loading, activation by a plethora of receptors, and metabolic state of the cells. These different phenotypes allow the macrophage to engulf lipids, dead cells, and other substances perceived as danger signals; efflux cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein; proliferate and migrate; undergo apoptosis and death; and secrete a large number of inflammatory and proresolving molecules. This review article, part of the Compendium on Atherosclerosis, discusses recent advances in our understanding of lesional macrophage phenotype and function in different stages of atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of lesional macrophages, new research areas and treatment strategies are beginning to emerge.
Thermal Stir Welds in Titanium

Although conventional friction stir welding (FSW) has proven unsuccessful in joining thick sections of alpha and near-alpha titanium alloys, thermal stir welding, a variant of the FSW process in which an external heat source is used to preheat the workpiece, is demonstrated to be able to reliably join 12.3-mm-thick plates of CP titanium. This paper describes the microstructures and textures that develop in these thermal stir welds. The observed microstructure was used to reconstruct the high-temperature microstructure and texture present during the welding process and therefore reveal the genesis of the welding structures.
Dante and the Pauline Modes of Vision

St. Paul, the “great vessel of the Holy Spirit” as Dante calls him (Par. XXI, 127–8), expanding the famous epithet of Acts, IX, 15, had the most famous if not the earliest Christian mystical experience. This is the experience he describes in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians and it was to be the point of departure and reference for much of later mystical and theological speculation. St. Paul describes his rapture as follows: “I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years ago (whether in the body, I cannot tell; or whether out of the body, I cannot tell: God knoweth;), such an one caught up to the third heaven. And I knew such a man (whether in the body, or out of the body, I cannot tell: God knoweth;) How that he was caught up into paradise, and heard unspeakable words which it is not lawful for a man to utter.”
Inhibition of hepatic alanine transaminase activity in response to treatment with 11-deoxycorticosterone.

SummaryDaily administration of DOC for short periods resulted in a 60 to 70% depression in liver alanine transaminase activity. Adrenalectomy also caused a decrease in activity of alanine transaminase, but no further reduction in the level of this enzyme was observed upon treatment with DOC. Treatment with ACTH resulted in an increase in alanine transaminase activity in hypophysectomized rats, but not in adrenalectomized animals. Administration of DOC to hypophysectomized rats failed to lower alanine transaminase, nor did it alter the response of this enzyme to treatment with ACTH. The inhibitory effect of DOC on alanine transaminase activity appears to be due to suppression of ACTH release by the pituitary.
The relations of a school’s capacity for institutional diversity to student achievement in socio-economically, ethnically, and linguistically diverse schools

ABSTRACTThis study examines how a school’s capacity for institutional diversity relates to student achievement in socio-economically, ethnically, and linguistically diverse schools. It also investigates whether various student groups benefit differently from a school’s level of student diversity and its institutional capacity for diversity. Using data from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 (HSLS:09), the study uses two-level hierarchical linear models to explore the relationships between multiple types of school diversity and student achievement and to examine the role played by an institution’s capacity for diversity. Our findings confirm that different types of school diversity have different associations with the academic achievement of students from varied family and language backgrounds. We also find that a school’s capacity for diversity is a significant predictor of the academic success of students, particularly for students from lower income families and those who use a home language othe...
Investigation on Life-related Behaviors among Secondary Or College Students in Three Cities Of Anhui Province

Objective To understand the status of life-related behaviors among secondary or college students in three cities of Anhui Province,and provide basis for intervention measures.Methods Three cities in different economic levels were chosen as the investigation units,Hefei city was wealthy,Wuhu city was in the middle and Suzhou city was poverty.10813 students from middle schools,high schools,vocational schools and universities were taken out randomly and investigated with the standard questionnaire(Questionnaire of Chinese Adolescents Health-associated Behaviors).And descriptive analysis and chi square test were used to analyze their life-related behaviors and habits.Results The proportion of students who exercised at least 60 minutes a day in the last 7 days,walked or rode for 30 minutes at least,took part in extracurricular activities and had 2 PE lessons every week were 19.6%,39.0%,88.9%,16.8% respectively.In the last 7 days,the proportion of students who exercised for 1～3 days was 48.4%.But the students without any exercise accounted for 18.1%,especially high school students which accounted for 27.0%.The students without or with little extracurricular activities every week accounted for 61.29%.44.8% students studied after class more than 3 hours every day,and 49.3% of them were high school students.The students who spent more than one hours surfing the Internet or playing computer games or watching TV reached 30% or more.The students,who think of themselves as the weak student,did little exercises and spent more time on surfing the Internet or playing computer games or watching TV.Conclusion Secondary or college students in the cities of Anhui Province were seriously short of daily physical activities.The school should arrange varions physical actiuities actively to improve the physique of students.
Drug Decriminalization and Felony Disenfranchisement: The New Civil Rights Causes

Although tremendous strides have been made by African Americans in the United States since the passage of the Civil Rights Act, it appears that the so-called war on drugs and its penalties has evolved into a latter day effort by segments of American society to again disenfranchise African Americans.The war on drugs has become a vehicle to imprison a disproportionate share of African Americans who then become disenfranchised and alienated from our society. The war should be brought to an end, and an era of decriminalization, treatment and compassion should commence. The decriminalization of nonviolent possession of illegal drugs and an end of disfranchisement for concomitant felony convictions must become a twenty-first century civil rights issue.This article is a commentary on the failure of the drug war. The article reveals statistics supporting the systematic disenfranchisement of African Americans as a result of that war, and further, explores the federal legislative effort to stem the tide of such disenfranchisement. The author believes the war on drugs has been lost.
The New Relators: In-House Counsel and Compliance Officers

Although not an entirely new phenomenon, recent False Claims Act filings have seen an uptick in former in-house counsel and compliance officers as qui tam relators. The False Claims Act does not preclude attorneys from becoming relators against their former clients, but the Code of Professional Conduct’s protection of confidential information acquired during the attorney-client relationship presents serious ethical challenges not only to the relator but to his or her counsel as well. This Comment reviews the applicable ethical rules as well as exceptions, concluding with suggestions for attorneys involved as relator, relator’s counsel, or counsel for the defendant.
Study on short circuit current and transient recovery voltage of circuit breakers for UHV AC half-wavelength transmission lines

AC Half-Wavelength transmission in UHV stage is an alternate for the long distance and large capacity power transmission. The transient working condition of UHV circuit breakers for UHV Half-Wavelength transmission lines is different with that for normal AC transmission lines. In this paper, a study model of Half-Wavelength line transmission system was established based on China's present UHV lines and planned UHV grid. Based on the model, the transient working condition of circuit breakers was investigated. The short circuit current and TRV of circuit breaker after interrupting different faults were analyzed. The influencing factors and countermeasures and prospect for the working condition of circuit breakers in UHV Half-Wavelength transmission system were discussed.
Cervical Ganglia and Nerve Root Injury: Evidence for Respiratory Arrest as Initiating Injury in Pediatric Head Trauma:

Cervical ganglia and nerve root injury with resultant paralysis of the phrenic nerve is proposed as a mechanism of injury in “shaken baby syndrome” or nonaccidental head injury of children. We repo...
Abstract WMP86: Evaluation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics and External Ventricular Drain Management in the Clot Lysis: Evaluating Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage trial (CLEAR III)

Background: Acute obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to spontaneous intracerebral/intraventricular hemorrhage (ICH/IVH) requires early cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage to reduce intracranial pre...
Efficient Community Re-creation in Multilayer Networks Using Boolean Operations

Abstract Networks are useful mathematical representations of systems of interrelated entities. In cases where the entities can be related via different factors, the models can be extended to form networks of networks or multilayer networks. However, analyzing multilayer networks can get increasingly more expensive as the number of layers increase. We address the problem of efficiently finding communities in multilayer networks. Communities are groups of tightly connected entities that indicate that entities in the group are similar. Here we demonstrate that given certain easily verifiable structural conditions, which we term as self preserving communities, we can use fundamental Boolean operations to combine the communities obtained from each network layer to obtain the communities over the entire multilayer network. Our approach, when applied to real-world datasets such as traffic accidents, shows that we can reduce the time to find communities in multilayer networks by over 40%. Our proposed technique makes several important contributions to the nascent area of multilayer networks. We present an elegant and low-cost method to combine results from multiple layers, without recomputing the combined layers. Our method also makes it easier to add and process new information at individual layers. Together, our approach addresses both the variety aspect of big data by handling multiple data types as well as the volume aspect by enabling fast analysis of data from multiple networks.
Helium interactions with alumina formed by atomic layer deposition show potential for mitigating problems with excess helium in spent nuclear fuel

Abstract Helium gas accumulation from alpha decay during extended storage of spent fuel has potential to compromise the structural integrity the fuel. Here we report results obtained with surrogate nickel particles which suggest that alumina formed by atomic layer deposition can serve as a low volume-fraction, uniformly-distributed phase for retention of helium generated in fuel particles such as uranium oxide. Thin alumina layers may also form transport paths for helium in the fuel rod, which would otherwise be impermeable. Micron-scale nickel particles, representative of uranium oxide particles in their low helium solubility and compatibility with the alumina synthesis process, were homogeneously coated with alumina approximately 3–20 nm by particle atomic layer deposition (ALD) using a fluidized bed reactor. Particles were then loaded with helium at 800 °C in a tube furnace. Subsequent helium spectroscopy measurements showed that the alumina phase, or more likely a related nickel/alumina interface structure, retains helium at a density of at least 1017 atoms/cm3. High resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the thermal treatment increased the alumina thickness and generated additional porosity. Results from Monte Carlo simulations on amorphous alumina predict the helium retention concentration at room temperature could reach 1021 atoms/cm3 at 400 MPa, a pressure predicted by others to be developed in uranium oxide without an alumina secondary phase. This concentration is sufficient to eliminate bubble formation in the nuclear fuel for long-term storage scenarios, for example. Measurements by others of the diffusion coefficient in polycrystalline alumina indicate values several orders of magnitude higher than in uranium oxide, which then can also allow for helium transport out of the spent fuel.
What’s Wrong with Genetic Engineering? Ethics, Socioscientific Issues, and Education

In “Moral-Ethical Character and Science Education,” Michael Mueller and Dana Zeidler ground their ecojustice ethic mostly within a consequentialist theoretical framework. Consequentialism is the philosophical theory that determines the morality of an action by looking at the various consequences or effects that the action produces (Troyer 2003). One does not judge an action as morally defensible or indefensible by critiquing the action in of itself, but rather the good or bad effects that follow. For the authors, it is not the immediate act of biogenetically transforming the species Danio rerio into the ornamental, fluorescent-glowing pet fish, “GloFish,” that is morally suspect. It is, instead, the various social and environmental consequences and risks that might, and in fact have, ensued from this act. For this response I will primarily focus on the ethics of what is clearly a forceful socioscientific issue – genetically modified organisms (GMOs) – and extend the ethical-educational conversation started by Mueller and Zeidler.
Blending synthetic and measured data using transfer learning for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target classification

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are state-of-the-art techniques for image classification; however, CNNs require an extensive amount of training data to achieve high accuracy. This demand presents a challenge because the existing amount of measured synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is typically limited to just a few examples and does not account for articulations, clutter, and other target or scene variability. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the feasibility of combining synthetic and measured SAR images to produce a classification network that is robust to operating conditions not present in measured data and that may adapt to new targets without necessarily training on measured SAR images. A network adapted from the CIFAR-10 LeNet architecture in MATLAB Convolutional Neural Network (MatConvNet) was first trained on a database of multiple synthetic Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) targets. After the network classified with almost perfect accuracy, the synthetic data was replaced with corresponding measured data. Only the first layer of filters was permitted to change in order to create a translation layer between synthetic and measured data. The low error rate of this experiment demonstrates that diverse clutter and target types not represented in measured training data may be introduced in synthetic training data and later recognized in measured test data.
Galileo NIMS Observations of Io

The Near Infrared Mapping Spectometer (NIMS) on the Galileo spacecraft has been observing the volcanic Jovian satellite Io at regular intervals since June 1996. These infrared observations have allowed detailed mapping of the distribution and grain size of sulfur dioxide on Io’s surface, identification of volcanic centers, mapping of the distribution of hot spots, and investigations into the style and evolution of individual volcanic eruptions.
Club and intramural sports participation and college student academic success.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between university club and intramural sports participation and student grades via the American College Health Association Nation...
Using Latent Variable Mixture Modeling to Understand Trauma-Related Outcomes in Undergraduate Women.

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sexual functioning problems often co-occur after trauma. Researchers have linked certain factors (e.g., depression, relationship satisfaction) to PT...
Differential perception and tolerance of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms as a confounder of gender-disparate disease burden.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have consistently shown that females with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have a greater CRS symptom burden than males with CRS. Our objective was to determine whether differential disease perception could explain this phenomenon. METHODS A total of 500 participants (239 males, 261 females) with CRS were recruited. CRS symptom burden was assessed with the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22). General health-related quality of life was assessed with the visual analog scale of the 5-dimensional EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D VAS). Participants were asked to rate their CRS symptom control as "Not at all," "A little," "Somewhat," "Very," and "Completely." "Not at all," "A little," and "Somewhat" controlled symptoms were considered to reflect poorly controlled symptoms. RESULTS SNOT-22 score was significantly more severe (p < 0.001) among females (mean, 44.0; standard deviation [SD], 22.5) than males (mean, 36.3; SD, 20.2). However, there was no significant difference in male- vs female-reported CRS symptom control (p = 0.154). In addition, there was no significant difference (p = 0.109) in EQ-5D VAS score between males (mean, 70.9; SD, 19.0) and females (mean, 68.4; SD, 19.5). Although a SNOT-22 score of ≥25 was predictive of poorly controlled symptoms in males (sensitivity, 82.6%; specificity, 62.5%), a SNOT-22 score of ≥30 was predictive of poorly controlled symptoms in women (sensitivity, 82.4%; specificity, 64.5%). CONCLUSION Females with CRS reported more severe SNOT-22 scores, despite reporting a similar level of symptom control and general health-related quality of life as men. Women had a higher SNOT-22 threshold for poorly controlled symptoms. Female CRS patients may have greater perception and tolerance of CRS symptoms without a corresponding significant, disparate downstream impairment.
Scaling the Next Generation Broadband Access Networks with Super-PON

We present the design, deployment and the standardization of a TWDM Super-PON fiber access network with 50km transmission distance and 768 users on a single fiber strand from the central office (CO).
Offshore Citizens: Permanent Temporary Status in the Gulf

When it comes to extending citizenship to certain groups, why might ruling elites say neither 'yes' nor 'no', but 'wait'? The dominant theories of citizenship tend to recognize clear distinctions between citizens and aliens; either one has citizenship or one does not. This book shows that not all populations are fully included or expelled by a state; they can be suspended in limbo - residing in a territory for protracted periods without accruing citizenship rights. This in-depth case study of the United Arab Emirates uses new archival sources and extensive interviews to show how temporary residency can be transformed into a permanent legal status, through visa renewals and the postponement of naturalization cases. In the UAE, temporary residency was also codified into a formal citizenship status through the outsourcing of passports from the Union of Comoros, allowing elites to effectively reclassify minorities into foreign residents.
Functional connectome fingerprinting: Identifying individuals and predicting cognitive function via deep learning

The dynamic characteristics of functional network connectivity have been widely acknowledged and studied. Both shared and unique information has been shown to be present in the connectomes. However, very little has been known about whether and how this common pattern can predict the individual variability of the brain, i.e. "brain fingerprinting", which attempts to reliably identify a particular individual from a pool of subjects. In this paper, we propose to enhance the individual uniqueness based on an autoencoder network. More specifically, we rely on the hypothesis that the common neural activities shared across individuals may lessen individual discrimination. By reducing contributions from shared activities, inter-subject variability can be enhanced. Results show that that refined connectomes utilizing an autoencoder with sparse dictionary learning can successfully distinguish one individual from the remaining participants with reasonably high accuracy (up to 99:5% for the rest-rest pair). Furthermore, high-level cognitive behavior (e.g., fluid intelligence, executive function, and language comprehension) can also be better predicted using refined functional connectivity profiles. As expected, the high-order association cortices contributed more to both individual discrimination and behavior prediction. The proposed approach provides a promising way to enhance and leverage the individualized characteristics of brain networks.
High-Dose Inhaled Nitric Oxide as Adjunct Therapy in Cystic Fibrosis Targeting Burkholderia multivorans.

Background. Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) have persistent lung infections, necessitating the frequent use of antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations. Some respiratory pathogens have intrinsic resistance to the currently available antibiotics, and any pathogen may acquire resistance over time, posing a challenge to CF care. Gaseous nitric oxide has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms, including common CF pathogens, and offers a potential inhaled antimicrobial therapy. Case Presentation. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old female with CF who experienced a precipitous decline in lung function over the prior year in conjunction with worsening antibiotic resistance of her primary pathogen, Burkholderia multivorans. She received 46 intermittent inhalations of 160 parts-per-million nitric oxide over a 28-day period. The gas was administered via a mechanical ventilator fitted with nitrogen dioxide scavenging chambers. Conclusions. High-dose inhaled nitric oxide was safe, well tolerated, and showed clinical benefit in an adolescent with cystic fibrosis and pulmonary colonization with Burkholderia multivorans.
Multi-Layer Micro-Nanofluidic Device for Isolation and Capture of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Liposarcoma Cell Conditioned Media

We report on isolation, capture, and subsequent elution for analysis of extracellular vesicles derived from human liposarcoma cell conditioned media, using a multi-layer micro-nanofluidic device operated with tangential flow separation. Our device integrates size-based separation followed by immunoaffinity-based capture of extracellular vesicles in the same device. For liposarcomas, this is the first report on isolating, capturing, and then eluting the extracellular vesicles using a micro-nanofluidic device. The results show a significantly higher yield of the eluted extracellular vesicles (~84%) compared to the current methods of ultracentrifugation (~6%) and ExoQuick-based separations (~16%). [2020-0155]
Bacteroides bundle of joy: sepsis from a degenerating/necrotic fibroid.

A woman of childbearing age with a history of uterine leiomyoma presented to the emergency department with pelvic pain. Ten months prior to presentation, she was evaluated by an obstetric and gynecologic physician for menometrorrhagia. At that time, she was found to have a 4.9×5.7×6.9 cm
Increasing the Efficiency of Water Splitting through Spin Polarization Using Cobalt Oxide Thin Film Catalysts

This work explores the use of chiral cobalt oxide thin film electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction and examines how their spin polarization properties might be used to control electroch...
Quality of dictated feedback associated with SIMPL operative assessments of pediatric surgical trainees.

Abstract Background SIMPL is a workplace-based operative performance assessment tool which allows for dictated feedback (DF). To better understand the value of DF, we sought to characterize the type and quality of DF generated during SIMPL evaluations. Methods Thematic analysis of DF from SIMPL assessments between June 2017 and December 2018 at a single pediatric surgery fellowship program was performed. Comments were categorized as specific, encouraging or corrective. Categories were combined to determine DF quality as effective, mediocre or ineffective. Results Of 781 SIMPL assessments (21 faculty, 5 trainees), 451 (57%) had DF. Most comments were encouraging (93%) and specific (65%). Only 21% were corrective, 17% had entrustment features, and 8% had an explicit learning plan. Feedback quality was deemed mediocre (45%), ineffective (33%) and effective (21%). Conclusion SIMPL dictated feedback was mostly encouraging and specific. To improve quality, feedback should incorporate learning plans as well as corrective and entrustment features.
Growth, sintering, and chemical states of Co supported on reducible CeO2(111) thin films: The effects of the metal coverage and the nature of the support

The growth, sintering, and interaction of cobalt with ceria were studied under ultrahigh vacuum conditions by vapor-deposition of Co onto well-defined CeOx(111) (1.5 < x < 2) thin films grown on Ru(0001). Charge transfer from Co to ceria occurs upon deposition of Co on CeO1.96 and partially reduced CeO1.83 at 300 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show that Co is oxidized to Co2+ species at the cost of the reduction of Ce4+ to Ce3+, at a lesser extent on reduced ceria. Co2+ is the predominant species on CeO1.96 at low Co coverages (e.g., ≤0.20 ML). The ratio of metallic Co/Co2+ increases with the increase in the Co coverage. However, both metallic Co and Co2+ species are present on CeO1.83 even at low Co coverages with metallic Co as the major species. Scanning tunneling microscopy results demonstrate that Co tends to wet the CeO1.96 surface at very low Co coverages at room temperature forming one-atomic layer high structures of Co-O-Ce. The increase in the Co coverage can cause the particle growth into three-dimensional structures. The formation of slightly flatter Co particles was observed on reduced CeO1.83. In comparison with other transition metals including Ni, Rh, Pt, and Au, our studies demonstrate that Co on ceria exhibits a smaller particle size and higher thermal stability, likely arising from strong metal-support interactions. The formed particles upon Co deposition at 300 K are present on the ceria surface after heating to 1000 K. The Co-ceria interface can be tuned by varying the Co metal coverage, the annealing temperature, and the nature of the ceria surface.
Assessing Inequities in Cervical Cancer Quality of Care and Survival Related to Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Factors.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the effect that race and socioeconomic factors have on the provision of care to cervical cancer patients based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommended treatment guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS To do this, we completed a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeon's Nation Cancer Database from 2004 to 2016. We identified all reported cases of cervical cancer in that period. Two cohorts were created using self-reported racial demographic data, Hispanic- and White, non-Hispanic-identified patients. Our primary outcome variables were adherence to NCCN-recommended treatment and 5-year overall survival. Adherence to NCCN-recommended treatment was determined by the provision of surgical and/or radiation and/or chemotherapy treatment based on the clinical stage at time of diagnosis and the presence or absence of lymphovascular space invasion. We used bivariate analyses to compare baseline characteristics between the 2 cohorts, multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of 5-year survival, and Cox proportional hazards models to compute survival by group. RESULTS The difference in NCCN-adherent care between the 2 cohorts was found to be not statistically significant (p = .880). A log rank (Mantel-Cox) χ2 test showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in overall survival with the Hispanic-identified patients living longer (p < .001). Our study is limited by the effect large databases confer on finding statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS Hispanic-identified women with cervical cancer receive NCCN-compliant care and live longer than their White, non-Hispanic counterparts.