cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The need for evaluation research

A serious evaluation involves random assignment, a verified intervention, and a long follow-up period, but these are rare in the criminal justice system (CJS). The pharmaceutical industry evaluates frequently, but it differs from criminal justice in its goal (to help rather than punish), organizational involvement (doctors change prescriptions not behavior), the costs of the effort (firms, unlike the CJS, cover losses with earnings), and the risks it imposes (firms often lose money but rarely face a political scandal). The CJS would benefit from congressional insistence on evaluations and the money to pay for them and a willingness to evaluate entire programs rather than single projects.
Pre-hospital hypothermia is not associated with increased survival after traumatic brain injury

Background Conclusions from in vivo and in vitro studies suggest hypothermia may be protective in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Few studies evaluated the effect of admission temperature on outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between admission hypothermia and mortality in patients with isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI. Methods The Los Angeles Trauma Database was queried for all patients ≥14 y of age with isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI (head abbreviated injury score (AIS) ≥3, all other 35°C). Demographic characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between admission hypothermia and mortality. Results A total of 1834 patients were analyzed and then stratified into two groups: hypothermic ( n = 44) and normothermic ( n = 1790). There was a significant difference noted in overall mortality (25% versus 7%), with the hypothermic group being four times more likely to succumb to their injuries. After adjusting for confounding factors, admission hypothermia was independently associated with increased mortality (AOR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1–6.3; P = 0.04). Conclusions Although in - vivo and in - vitro studies demonstrate induced hypothermia may be protective in TBI, our study demonstrates that admission hypothermia was associated with increased mortality in isolated, blunt, moderate to severe TBI. Further prospective research is needed to elucidate the role of thermoregulation in patients sustaining TBI.
Psychosis in Alzheimer’s Disease

Psychotic symptoms, delusions and hallucinations, occur in approximately 50% of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (AD with psychosis [AD + P]). Pharmacotherapies for AD + P have limited efficacy and can increase short-term mortality. These observations have motivated efforts to identify the underlying biology of AD + P. Psychosis in AD indicates a more severe phenotype, with more rapid cognitive decline beginning even before psychosis onset. Neuroimaging studies suggest that AD + P subjects demonstrate greater cortical synaptic impairments than AD subjects without psychosis, reflected in reduced gray matter volume, reduced regional blood flow, and reduced regional glucose metabolism. Neuroimaging and available postmortem evidence further indicate that the impairments in AD + P, relative to AD subjects without psychosis, are localized to neocortex rather than medial temporal lobe. Neuropathologic studies provide consistent evidence of accelerated accumulation of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated protein tau in AD + P. Finally, studies of familial aggregation of AD + P have established that the risk for psychosis in AD is, in part, genetically mediated. Although no genes are established as associated with AD + P, the first genome-wide association study of AD + P has generated some promising leads. The study of the neurobiology of AD + P is rapidly accelerating and may be poised for translational discovery. This process can be enhanced by identifying points of convergence and divergence with the neurobiology of AD proper and of schizophrenia, by innovative extension of current approaches, and by development of relevant animal models.
Probing the interior of fullerenes by 3 He NMR spectroscopy of endohedral 3 He@C 60 and 3 He@C 70

FULLERENES have internal cavities large enough to encapsulate atoms1,2. Recently, noble-gas atoms were introduced into about one in a million fullerene molecules3. It is now possible to achieve far greater yields of these noble-gas endohedral compounds4. Because 3He has a spin of 1/2 and is an excellent NMR nucleus5,6, it can be used as a probe for the magnetic shielding environment inside the fullerene cavity. This environment should reflect possible ring currents and hence the aromaticity in fullerenes7–15, an issue that measurements of magnetic susceptibility16,17 have not completely resolved. Here we present 3He NMR spectra of the endohedral compounds 3He@C60 and 3He@C70 (the @ symbol denotes a compound that is endohedral). We find that the 3He nuclei encapsulated in C6o and C70 are shielded by 6 and 29 parts per million respectively, relative to free 3He. These shieldings are unexpectedly large, indicating significant diamagnetic ring currents in C60 and very large ones in C70. Our results also show that, because of its small size and inertness, helium can serve as a useful probe of magnetic molecular properties. In addition, our work represents the first 3He NMR spectra of stable helium compounds.
A solvent extraction method for the colorimetric determination of nanomolar concentrations of silicic acid in seawater

A solvent extraction method for measuring nanomolar concentrations of silicic acid in seawater is described. The procedure is based on the formation of beta silicomolybdic acid by reaction of silicic and molybdic acids at low pH, extraction of the combined acid into n-butanol and reduction with a mixture of p-methylaminophenol sulfate and sulfite. The concentration of the resulting blue silicomolybdous acid in the extract is determined colorimetrically. The method has 30 times the sensitivity and 14 times the precision of standard aqueous analyses. Molar absorbance is 2.29 × 105 in seawater with a precision of ± 2.5 nM Si for concentrations <- 50 nanomolar. Sensitivity in seawater is 70% of that in deionized distilled water owing to a significant salt effect. Natural concentrations of arsenate, arsenite and germanic acid cause negligible interference; however, phosphate interference is equivalent to 11 ± 1 nM Si over a broad range of phosphate concentrations, resulting in an error of ± 1 nM in the corrected silicic acid concentration measurement.
The Promise of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Does Not Confer Immunity Against Ethical Reflection

The recent announcement of an experimental vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) has raised great hopes and expectations. Promising trial results, however, should not obscure ethical issues related to a vaccine’s ultimate dissemination. Although lay media might view an HPV vaccine as a panacea, a more complicated ethical reality exists, touching upon public knowledge, health care disparities, and parental consent for childhood vaccination. The Oncologist 2006;11:393–396
MODERN VIBRATION MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES FOR BOWED STRING INSTRUMENTS

Modern modal analysis techniques along with companion finite element simulations offer a normal mode (and hence ultimately materials-based) approach to our understanding of the violin vibrations and accompanying acoustic output that is new in the long history of violin research. With the experimental techniques presently available it is possible to at least envision how to elicit the four material elements essential to creating an accurate, violin-specific solid model: substructure-specific density (via CT scans),17elastic moduli (via EMA mode frequencies—possibly substructure specific if the violin is dissembled), global damping (again via EMA results), and an accurate shape (reconstructed from a multi-slice CT scan).17 These elements—combined—are the heart of the VIOCADEAS project. However, only time will tell whether they will provide the essential key to understanding a violin’s quality through quantitative characterizations.
Exploring the ''Lost and Found'' of Justice Theory and Research

Scientific interest in the nature of how people think about justice and fairness began approximately 70 years ago with Stouffer’s classic study on the American soldier. Since then there have been numerous theoretical frameworks and thousands of research studies conducted on what people perceive as fair and the consequences of making a fairness judgment. The goal of this article is to dig through the “lost and found” box of justice research in an attempt to re-examine where we have been, issues and ideas we may have forgotten, and to gain insight on directions we may want to go in the future. The key rediscovery of this review is that perspective matters. Specifically, how people interpret fairness depends critically on whether they are viewing a situation in terms of their material, social, or moral needs and goals. The implications of adopting a contingent theory of how people reason about fairness are discussed.
LAMB SHIFT IN THE HELIUM ATOM

The calculation, first attempted by Kabir and Salpeter, of the mean excitation energy entering in the Lamb shift of the helium ground state is redone by a quite different approach. Our answer, $\mathrm{ln}[\frac{{k}_{0}}{{r}_{y}}]=4.370\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.004$, leaves theory and experiment on the ionization energy of helium in agreement within the experimental uncertainty of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Incidental results are given for the electrostatic polarizability of He and ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground states and there is appended a new discussion of the construction of higher angular momentum eigenfunctions for the three-body problem.
Experimental and Monte Carlo investigation of intrinsic limits of scintillator energy resolution

While non-proportionality is assumed to degrade scintillator energy resolution, the quantitative relationship between non-proportionality and energy resolution is not well understood. We report on the results of experimental data analysis and Monte Carlo simulation used jointly to study the relationship between scintillator electron response non-proportionality and gamma ray energy resolution. Energy resolution for Compton interactions was compared to energy resolution for photoelectric interactions, to investigate the hypothesis that non-proportionality affects these two types of interactions differently. The difference is thought to be due to low energy quanta such as Auger electrons and fluorescent x-rays produced by photoelectric interactions (which predominantly interact with inner shell electrons) but not by Compton interactions (which predominantly interact with valence electrons). A newly constructed Compton coincidence apparatus (SLYNCI) was used to measure electron response non- proportionality in Nal(Tl) that was excited by Compton-scattered electrons. Measured values for both light output vs. electron energy and energy resolution vs. electron energy were then used to predict gamma ray energy resolution, based on Monte Carlo simulations that mimicked the distribution of energetic electrons emitted following photoelectric absorption of gamma rays in the scintillator. Predicted values were compared to experimental data obtained by exciting the scintillator with isotopic sources. In this manner, the component of gamma ray energy resolution degradation due to non-proportionality was determined, as well as the electron energy resolution component due to electron response counting statistics and other possible limiting factors such as Landau fluctuations in the dE/dx along the electron track.
Relationship between speech sound discrimination skills and language abilities of kindergarten children.

Thirty normal-hearing kindergarten youngsters were administered two speech-sound discrimination (SSD) tests and the revised edition of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA). The pr...
An experimental investigation of micro-machinability of copper 101 using tungsten carbide micro-endmills

Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation of micromachinability during micromilling of oxygen-free high conductivity (OFHC), commercially pure copper 101 using tungsten carbide micro-endmills. The forces, surface roughness, tool wear, and burr formation are analyzed under varying cutting speeds ( 40 , 80 , and 120 m/min) and feed rates ( 0.75 , 1.5 , 3 and 6 μ m / flute ). The experiments included full-immersion cutting with 254 μ m micro-endmills with an axial depth of cut of 30 μ m . The variation of forces, surface roughness, and burr formation with wear progression is also studied. It was seen that the minimum chip thickness and associated ploughing/indentation effects induce erratic variations to micromilling forces at feed rates in the vicinity of edge radius of the micro-endmills. At larger feed rates, the micromilling forces resemble those of conventional milling in the presence of tool-tip runout. The surface roughness was observed to be nearly constant at feed rates up to 3 μ m / flute , and to increase with feed rate for larger feed rates. Unlike conventional milling, greatest tool wear was experienced at the lowest feed rate and lowest speed, and the lowest wear was seen at the highest feed rate. The main mechanism of wear was concluded to be attrition wear in its most basic form, whereby the tungsten–carbide grains on the cutting edges were dislodged from the cobalt matrix. The smallest top burrs were experienced at 40 m/min surface speed at higher feed rates. The lowest feed rate of 0.75 μ m / flute resulted in large burrs at any speed. Progressing wear was seen to induce an increase in forces, a reduction in surface roughness, and a strong increase in burr formation.
Positional signaling mediated by a receptor-like kinase in Arabidopsis

The position-dependent specification of root epidermal cells in Arabidopsis provides an elegant paradigm for cell patterning during development. Here, we describe a new gene, SCRAMBLED (SCM), required for cells to appropriately interpret their location within the developing root epidermis. SCM encodes a receptor-like kinase protein with a predicted extracellular domain of six leucine-rich repeats and an intracellular serine-threonine kinase domain. SCM regulates the expression of the GLABRA2, CAPRICE, WEREWOLF, and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 transcription factor genes that define the cell fates. Further, the SCM gene is expressed throughout the developing root. Therefore, SCM likely enables developing epidermal cells to detect positional cues and establish an appropriate cell-type pattern.
A thromboresistant surface by enzyme immobilization.

A process is described for binding brinolase, a fibrinolytie enzyme, to a solid support. Evidence is presented to prove the activity and stability of the bound enzyme at physiological conditions of pH and temperature. A scheme is suggested for preparing suitable material onto whose surface the fibrinolytic enzyme can be bound in an approach to creating a thromboresistant surface.
Ion Beam-Induced Amorphization of the Pyrochlore Structure-Type: A Review

This paper reviews the recent developments in the understanding of the radiation-damage processes in A2B2O7 (Fd3m; Z=8) pyrochlore-structure compounds. Pyrochlore structure compounds display a wide range of behaviors in response to ion beam irradiation. Some compositions, such as Gd2Ti2O7, are amorphized at relatively low doses (~0.2 dpa at room temperature) while other compositions, such as Gd2Zr2O7, do not amorphize (even at doses of 36 dpa at 25 K) and instead disorder to a defect fluorite structure. The response to ion beam irradiation is highly dependent on compositional changes that affect both the structural distortion from the ideal fluorite structure and the associated energetics of the disordering process. Generally, the ionic size of the cations plays a dominant role in determining the radiation response of different pyrochlore compositions. However, the cation ionic radius ratio criteria cannot be applied all-inclusively in predicting the radiation “tolerance” of a pyrochlore. Systematic irradiation studies of the radiation response of rare-earth (A-site) pyrochlores in which B = Ti, Zr, and Sn have shown that the behavior of the pyrochlore also depends on the cation electronic structure, i.e., the type of bonding, which is closely related to the polyhedral distortion and structural deviation from the ideal fluorite structure. These structural changes affect the dynamic defect recovery process directly linked to the material's response to and recovery from irradiation.
REVISIONS TO UPPER CRETACEOUS STRATIGRAPHY NEAR HELL'S HALF ACRE, EASTERN WIND RIVER BASIN, CENTRAL WYOMING

Abstract Thick, steeply dipping, and generally conformable Upper Cretaceous and lower Paleogene strata are well exposed on the western Casper arch, central Wyoming. They record deposition prior to, during initiation of, and following onset of subsidence and basement-involved thrusting of the Laramide orogeny. Confusion has permeated the distributions, thicknesses, and ages of these strata, adjacent to the Wind River Basin's east-central margin. New lithostratigraphic mapping near Hell's Half Acre (HHA) revises identification of nonmarine units overlying the marine Lewis Shale (of Campanian and/or earliest Maastrichtian age). The homogeneous, mostly fine-grained Meeteetse Formation (MF) represents paludal conditions following deposition of the Lewis Shale's “lower tongue.” The local MF exceeds 3,200 feet (nearly 1.1 km) in thickness, almost 7.5 times greater than previously reported. The MF near HHA, although much thicker, exhibits characteristics strikingly similar to the Meeteetse elsewhere in the Wind R...
New Spatially Explicit Method for Detecting Extracellular Protease Activity in Biofilms

A novel method of detecting extracellular protease activity at biofilm-substratum interfaces was developed. This method utilizes fluorescent molecules bound to cellulose substrata with a lectin. Extracellular proteases degrade the lectin and release the fluorochrome into solution. This new technique and a standard dissolved-substrate assay detected similar responses of biofilm extracellular protease activity to experimental manipulation of N supply. Combination of this technique with confocal scanning laser microscopy allowed direct visualization of microspatial patterns of bacterial distribution and extracellular protease activity at the biofilm-substratum interface.
MAS Pole Location and Effective Spatial Bandwidth of the Scattered Field

The concept of effective spatial bandwidth (EBW) is introduced for periodic domains. The EBW is applied to the incident and scattered fields along the boundary of an infinite circular cylinder. The scattered field is formulated using the method of auxiliary sources (MAS). In MAS, monopoles on an auxiliary surface (AS) are used to model the scattered field. It is shown that the EBW of the incident field can provide some insight regarding the placement of poles for the MAS scattered field model. Example simulations are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of EBW with respect to monopole placement rules in MAS.
Neurogenic Bowel and Bladder in the Older Adult

Special skills are needed in caring for an elderly patient with a neurogenic bowel and bladder. One not only has to take into account the age-related changes that occur, but also how these changes impact on a patient already struggling with bowel and bladder issues because of various neurogenic causes. Incontinence of bowel and bladder leads to a loss of quality of life and physicians should be educated on the treatment available to provide the best care for their patients.
On Geoscapes and the Google Caliphate: Reflections on the Mumbai Attacks

When advanced technologies of globalization that are closely associated with secular cosmopolitics are opportunistically employed by fundamentalist politico-theologies for their own particular purposes, an essential irresolution of territory, jurisdiction and programmatic projection is revealed. Where some may wish to identify an ideal correspondence between a global political sphere into which multiple differences might be adjudicated and the visual, geographic representation of a single planetary space, this conjunction is dubious and highly conditional. Instead multiple territorial projections and competing claims on space are also generative of the very qualities of the spatial as a political medium altogether. For example, the well-publicized use of satellite-based mapping and telecommunications tools, such as Google Earth, by the terrorist group that attacked Mumbai in November 2008, raises several knotty and important questions about how contrary comprehensive images of the world can make use of on...
Local pancreatic head resection: the search for optimal indications through quality of life assessments

Abstract Background Local pancreatic head resection (LPHR) for chronic pancreatitis has had limited adoption in the United States perhaps because of sparse outcomes and quality of life data. Methods Forty-four patients underwent LPHR and retrospective evaluation of patient outcomes and quality of life assessment was performed. Results The mean age was 49 ± 11 years (50% men) with chronic alcohol use as the etiology in 79% of patients. One patient (2%) died within 90 days. The intensive care unit stay was 1.8 ± 3.1 days and postoperative length of stay was 12.6 ± 9.4 days with 96% of patients discharged home. Ten (22%) patients had major perioperative complications. Biliary stricture was the most common late complication (14%). Quality of life assessment results showed that global status (47/100) and physical (66/100), cognitive (68/100), and social (52/100) functions were acceptable. Prevalent postoperative symptoms were pain (52/100), insomnia (56/100), and digestive disturbance (60/100). Conclusions LPHR is safe and effective for a substantial proportion of patients with chronic pancreatitis. Further refinement in the selection of patients most likely to benefit from this operation is warranted.
Locate More Nodes in Under Water Sensor Networks Using Out-of-Range Information

The sparse network topology, coupled with the limited availability of reference nodes in Under Water Sensor Network (UWSN), significantly reduces the effectiveness of multi- lateration based schemes for location discovery. In this paper, we propose to explore Out-of-Range information to resolve location ambiguities of unknown nodes, which can not gain sufficient reference nodes information. The proposed scheme is based on the observation that, if a node, N1, is out of the transmission range of another node, N2, the distance between N1 and N2 must be larger than a given threshold value. This information, referred as "Out- of-Range" can then be used to eliminate location ambiguities of some unknown nodes in UWSN. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can significantly increase the number of resolved sensor nodes, compared with multi-lateration schemes, in particular when the network connectivity is low. The increase can be as big as 50 % in some scenarios.
Discussion of Disclosure Risk and Price Drift

Following the seminal work of Ball and Brown [1968], there is now a voluminous literature that documents and studies the post-earnings announcement drift. The drift phenomenon refers to the tendency of stock prices and returns to continue drifting in the direction of an earnings surprise for many months subsequent to the public announcement of earnings. Such a drift seems inconsistent with the hypothesis of an efficient market in which stock prices would adjust rapidly to any new information contained in public announcements. The argument is that any slow adjustment process would yield predictable abnormal returns that would quickly be arbitraged away in an efficient market. Lev and Ohlson [1982] characterize the drift as "the most damaging (evidence) to the naive and unwavering belief in market efficiency." Some of the important documented regularities associated with the drift are as follows:
Mixed Venous Oxygen Saturation Monitoring After Stage 1 Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Background Staged palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome has been marked by high early mortality due to the limited cardiac output of the postischemic single right ventricle combined with the inefficiency and volatility of parallel circulation. Methods Since July 1996, we have performed stage 1 palliation (S1P) in 178 patients. Within this group is a consecutive cohort of 116 patients with true hypoplastic left heart syndrome that underwent S1P with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt. A prospective database containing postoperative hemodynamic data was maintained on all patients. Studied were the incidence of organ failure, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and mortality, as well as the relationship between these outcomes and postoperative hemodynamics. Results Hospital survival for this cohort was 93% (108/116). Patients who died after S1P had a lower superior vena cava oxygen saturation (Svo 2 ) level compared with survivors (53.1% ±10.6% versus 59.3% ±9.2%, p = 0.034). Renal failure developed in 2 (1.7%) of the 116 patients, necrotizing enterocolitis developed in 1 (0.9%), and 5 (4.3%) had clinical seizures. ECMO support was instituted in 12 patients (10.3%). The Svo 2 level was lower in patients requiring ECMO (54.0% ± 9.7% versus 59.9% ± 9.2%, p = 0.031). Conclusions Goal-directed therapy with Svo 2 as an indicator of systemic oxygen delivery is associated with excellent early survival and a low incidence of organ failure after S1P. Inability to optimize Svo 2 in the early postoperative period is associated with an increased risk of organ failure, ECMO, and death.
Inhibitory G protein overexpression provides physiologically relevant heart rate control in persistent atrial fibrillation.

Background— The need for new treatment strategies for cardiac arrhythmias has motivated our continuing development of gene therapeutic options. Previously, we reported a decreased heart rate in an acute model of atrial fibrillation after atrioventricular nodal gene transfer. Here, we expand those observations to persistent atrial fibrillation and severe heart failure. Methods and Results— After 3 weeks of atrial fibrillation, domestic swine received atrioventricular nodal gene transfer with adenoviruses encoding β-galactosidase (β-gal), wild-type Gαi2 (wtGi), or constitutively active mutant (cGi). Heart rates in awake, alert animals were not altered by β-gal or wtGi. cGi caused a sustained 15% to 25% decrease in heart rate. The wtGi effect became evident with sedation. A tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy was present before gene transfer. In the β-gal group, cardiomyopathy worsened over time. In the wtGi group, the condition improved slightly, and in the cGi group, ejection fraction was near normal at the...
Extragalactic origin of antiprotons

The effect of Galactic modulation on cosmic rays entering the Galaxy from outside has been studied for two different models for the confinement of cosmic rays, using a one-dimensional transport equation. From this study, the role of extragalactic cosmic rays has been examined critically in the context of the recent data on antiprotons. It is concluded that they are not a significant source of cosmic ray antiprotons. However, determination of the energy spectrum of antiprotons at least up to a few tens of GeV would provide information on the modulation of cosmic rays, while entering the Galaxy from outside.
A teacher's commentary: The political drama of teaching

Teachers themselves must take political power in order to empower their students so as to prepare them in turn to be politically responsible citizens.
Compliance and viscosity of magnetic tape layers

ABSTRACTViscoelastic characteristics of polymer materials used in a fourth-generation archival magnetic tape are discussed. Results from creep experiments are presented, as well as transformed results from dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Time-temperature superposition and frequency-temperature superposition are used to predict properties beyond time and frequency ranges used for experiments. The role of constituent polymers in determining fundamental compliance and viscous characteristics of the magnetic tape layers is described. Comparisons are made between creep-compliance and dynamic-compliance. Viscosity parameters from Kelvin-Voigt curve fits of creep data are also compared with complex viscosity from DMA.
Hemodynamic effects of rapidly evacuating prolonged pneumothorax in rabbits

Clinical observations suggest that systemic hypotension may be caused by rapid evacuation of persistent pneumothorax. This observation has not been substantiated experimentally and the mechanism(s)...
Regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer: connecting PI3K, estrogen signaling, and microRNAs

Endometrial cancer (EC) prognosis is dependent on many factors such as time of diagnosis, histological type, and degree of invasion. Type I EC has a more favorable prognosis as it is less prone to myometrial invasion, which is believed to be the first step in the metastatic cascade. Type II EC displays a more aggressive and motile phenotype, and therefore has a poorer prognosis. Recent work suggests that despite the epithelial nature of Type I and Type II endometrial tumors, both are capable of undergoing an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which may facilitate myometrial invasion and metastasis. Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway has been shown to contribute to EMT through the upregulation of EMT-associated factors. Recent research has also linked estrogen signaling and microRNAs to the regulatory mechanisms that drive EMT in EC. Understanding the intricate relationships between these pathways will provide a better understanding of metastatic progression in EC.
Abstract TMP84: A Prediction Score for Hematoma Expansion Following Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Purpose: Hematoma expansion (HE) following acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is common and associated with poor outcome. Ongoing clinical trials therefore focus on restricting HE. In order to pr...
Carcinoma of the esophagus. A twenty year study.

Abstract A survey of fifty-seven patients with cancer of the esophagus occurring over a twenty year period is presented. The presenting complaints of the disease, methods of diagnosis, and characteristics of the disease are discussed. Three equal treatment groups consisting of no treatment, x-ray treatment, and surgical resection were compared and the results were extremely poor. Only one patient in all three groups survived longer than two years. It was our conclusion, supported by the opinion of others, that x-ray therapy gave the best palliation in most cases and that surgical resection for cure should be used in only the most suitable patients.
On the coherence of "Steinmeitz compensation" and "Symmetrical shunt compensation

In electric power system, asymmetrical running is deleterious. To eliminate the adverse influence of asymmetrical running, two measures are taken which are used to compensate the circuit. Examples are given to confirm the coherence of "Steinmeitz compensation" and "symmetrical shunt compensation". The essence of asymmetrical compensation is to eliminate the minus sequence shunt of asymmetrical load current with the compensate current of network.
FORECAST OF KARST-FRACTURED GROUNDWATER AND DEFECTIVE GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

The unknown geological disasters such as water and slurry often gush in karst area during construction of tunnel,which brings momentous disaster and unestimated economic loss to construction safety.The precise and immediate advance forecast to the development of karst is the key problem to be researched and solved currently in tunnel design and construction in the karst areas,which brings important theoretical significance and practical value.A recent development of the forecast and the integration system of the forecast about the karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological conditions are first introduced in detail.The key issues of karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological condition in prediction are derived,then the method of forecasting defective geological condition and the karst-fractured groundwater with high pressure and large flow discharge are summarized.The engineering examples such as tunnel seismic prediction(TSP) prospecting karst cave,landsonar prospecting fault,geological radar prospecting underground water and infrared water detecting method prospecting karst-fractured groundwater are introduced emphatically.At last,the effective methods of forecasting all kinds of the defective geological conditions and some study ideas and difficult technology are given;and the next stage of work to be undertaken is discussed deeply.The theory and technology initiative has help and positive guides in the fields of the forecast of the karst-fractured groundwater and the defective geological condition.
Hepatic glucose production and insulin sensitivity and responsiveness in iron-deficient anemic rats

We performed euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps at insulin infusion rates of 1.9, 4.0, 9.3, and 19.3 mU.kg-1 x min-1 in rats with varying severities of iron deficiency anemia (IDA; mean hemoglobin concentrations of 59, 79, 107, and 137 g/l) to assess the effect of IDA on insulin sensitivity and responsiveness. Glucose appearance and disappearance (Rd) rates were determined using a primed continuous infusion of [3-3H]glucose. Basal plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were similar between the IDA and control rats. Basal hepatic glucose production was significantly (P = 0.0001) elevated in the two most anemic groups (13.6 +/- 2.4 and 12.6 +/- 3.1 vs. 10.6 +/- 2.2 and 10.2 +/- 2.0 mg.kg-1 x min-1). A significant upward shift in the insulin dose-response curves for Rd indicated an increase in peripheral insulin responsiveness in the two most anemic groups while a slight leftward shift was suggestive of an increase in insulin sensitivity in all three anemic groups. Hepatic insulin sensitivity and responsiveness were unaffected by IDA. We conclude that increased glucose utilization rates in IDA rats are due primarily to an increase in peripheral insulin responsiveness.
Endocrinology of the Fetoplacental Unit: Role of Estrogen Assays

The concept of the fetus and placenta functioning as a combined endocrine system (the "fetoplacental unit") was first elaborated by Diczfalusy, based on the recognition that, although the fetus and placenta each lack certain key enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, their complementary function as a single endocrine unit allows synthesis of a wide range of steroids. For example, the fetus contains all the enzymes required for cholesterol synthesis, as well as many enzymes involved in sulfurylation and hydroxylation of steroids. These fetal enzymes are not found in the placenta, however, which possesses sulfatases and characteristic dehydrogenases not found in the fetus. The interaction of fetal, placental, and maternal biosynthetic functions is best illustrated by the formation of estriol (Fig 1).
Optimal Timing From Myocardial Infarction to Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting on Hospital Mortality

Background Whether delaying coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with better outcomes or is an unnecessary use of health care resources is unclear. This study investigated the relationship between MI-to-CABG timing on in-hospital death. Methods From the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group (NNE) Cardiac Surgery Registry we identified 3,060 isolated CABG patients with prior MI from 2008 to 2014. We compared in-hospital death by MI-to-CABG timing of less than 1 day, 1 to 2 days, 3 to 7 days, and 8 to 21 days. We adjusted for patient characteristics using logistic regression. Results Among patients with prior MI, CABG was performed within 1 day for 99 (3.2%), 1 to 2 days for 369 (12.1%), 3 to 7 days for 1,966 (64.3%), and 8 to 21 days for 626 (20.5%) patients. NNE-predicted mortality was similar for patients operated on within 1 day (1.8%), 1 to 2 days (1.8%), and 3 to 7 days (1.9%), but was higher for 8 to 21 days (2.4%) of MI. Crude in-hospital mortality was higher for those with MI-to-CABG time of less than 1 day (5.1%) compared with 1 to 2 days (1.6%), 3 to 7 days (1.6%), and 8 to 21 days (2.7%, p = 0.044). Adjusted in-hospital mortality remained high for less than 1 day (5.4%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 9.4%), and similar for 1 to 2 days (1.8%; 95% CI, 0.4% to 3.1%), 3 to 7 days (1.7%; 95% CI, 1.1% to 2.3%), and 8 to 21 days (2.3%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 3.3%) between MI and CABG. Conclusions Patients operated on 1 to 2 days and 3 to 7 days after MI had a similar mortality rate, suggesting it may be possible to reduce the MI-to-CABG interval for some patients without sacrificing outcomes. Patients operated on within 1 day after MI had a higher mortality rate.
Media Evaluation and Behavior of Clostridium Perfringens as an Adjunct Indicator of Quality in Shellfish Growing Areas

In numerous studies of estuaries of the West Coast of the United States, we have recovered C.perfringens, total and fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci from shellfish, sediments and water. In some areas closed to shellfish harvest and known to be subject to fecal contamination, C.perfrinqens were recovered regularly from shellfish and sediments. For example, in one estuary, prior to sampling, a local sewage treatment plant (STP) with a design capacity of 1 million gallons per day (MGD) was receiving high flows of raw sewage of 3.02 MGD. This resulted in an overflow or bypass of raw sewage into the estuary. Fecal coliform and fecal streptococci levels measured in impacted oysters showed an increase during the initial stages of the bypass and decreased to baseline levels by the 5th day of sampling. C.perfringens levels increased from 36 MPN/100 g and reached maximum levels in oysters (4600 MPN/100 g) on the 6th day when the sewage flow was returning to normal, but still over capacity (1.8 MGD) and sewage was being discharged into the bay. At this time, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci counts were near baseline levels (120 and 50 organisms/100 g respectively). Therefore, at the later stages of the sewage bypass, C.perfrinqens was a useful indicator of fecal contamination in oysters. The most recent and promising method for the enumeration of C.perfrinqens in all types of environmental samples is the Iron Milk Method (IMM). The method has been tested with water, marine and freshwater sediments, soil, fish gut contents and foods, and has been shown to enumerate C.perfrinqens without the need for confirmation. The IMM uses a 3 tube MPN procedure with each tube containing 10 ml of homogenized milk plus 0.2 g iron powder per tube. Inoculated tubes are incubated for 16-18 hrs at 45 °C. The presence of the classical stormy fermentation signifies a positive tube. Numbers of C.perfrinqens in samples are rapidly measured.
Opportunity, motivation, and assaults on police: A bivariate arima analysis

Drawing on insights garnered from the routine activity and pluralistic conflict perspectives, the present investigation examines the interrelationships between structural sources of opportunities and motivations to engage in potentially conflictive interactions with police personnel and assaults against the police. Overall, the longitudinal analyses of the reciprocal relationship between total and disaggregated measures of arrest and non-lethal assaults within Oklahoma City, Oklahoma tend to produce weak and insignificant results. The implications of these findings for opportunity theories of crime are discussed.
One-Dimensional Interfacial Area Transport Equation in Subcooled Boiling Flow

The one-dimensional form of the interfacial area transport equation can be obtained by applying cross-sectional area averaging over the threedimensional form of the interfacial area transport equation. However, the exact mathematical expressions for the area-averaged sink and source terms would involve many covariances that might further complicate the onedimensional problem.
DISP: Optimizations towards scalable MPI startup

Despite the popularity of MPI for high performance computing, the startup of MPI programs faces a scalability challenge as both the execution time and memory consumption increase drastically at scale. We have examined this problem using the collective modules of Cheetah and Tuned in Open MPI as representative implementations. Previous improvements for collectives have focused on algorithmic advances and hardware off-load. In this paper, we examine the startup cost of the collective module within a communicator and explore various techniques to improve its efficiency and scalability. Accordingly, we have developed a new scalable startup scheme with three internal techniques, namely Delayed Initialization, Module Sharing and Prediction-based Topology Setup (DISP). Our DISP scheme greatly benefits the collective initialization of the Cheetah module. At the same time, it helps boost the performance of non-collective initialization in the Tuned module. We evaluate the performance of our implementation on Titan supercomputer at ORNL with up to 4096 processes. The results show that our delayed initialization can speed up the startup of Tuned and Cheetah by an average of 32.0% and 29.2%, respectively, our module sharing can reduce the memory consumption of Tuned and Cheetah by up to 24.1% and 83.5%, respectively, and our prediction-based topology setup can speed up the startup of Cheetah by up to 80%.
Hormonal therapy for sows weaned during fall and winter

Sows from five commercial herds were weaned in the fall and winter and used to ascertain the potential application of hormonal therapy to stimulate subsequent litter size born. At weaning sows within parity (1, 2, and 3 through 6) and lactation length classification (early weaned, ≤ 14 d; conventionally weaned, > 14 d) were randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments were injection with P.G. 600 (400 IU PMSG with 200 IU hCG) at weaning or no treatment. Sows were individually observed for estrus and mated following protocol for each herd. Breeding, culling, and farrowing data were collected. Treatment with P.G. 600 did not change subsequent rebreeding performance for sows at parity 1 or parities 3 through 6. However, conventionally weaned parity-2 sows treated with P.G. 600 were more likely (P <.05) to return to estrus than conventionally weaned controls (99.0 vs 93.6%, respectively). For parity-1 and parity-2 sows, treatment did not significantly change the likelihood for farrow percentage. However, the likelihood to farrow a litter was greater (P <.05) among P.G. 600-treated sows at parities 3 to 6 that were conventionally weaned (84.4 vs 71.3%, respectively). Subsequent litter birth weight for parity-1 sows treated with P. G. 600 was lower (P <.02) than for controls (15.6 vs 16.6 kg, respectively). Subsequent litter size at birth was not affected by treatment for parity-1 or parity-2 sows compared with controls. However, early-weaned sows at parities 3 through 6 treated with P.G. 600 had more (P <.06) total number born than controls (12.4 vs 10.6, respectively). Treatment with P.G. 600 improved reproductive function within specific parity and lactation length classification for sows weaned in the fall and winter.
Numerical Experiment of Stratification Induced by Diurnal Solar Heating Over the Louisiana Shelf

The effect of diurnal solar heating on the stratification of waters over the Louisiana shelf was examined using the 3-dimensional Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). The simulation was for June 2009 to examine the effects of solar heating on summertime stratification. The input components of solar radiation to the FVCOM model were calculated using available relationships for shortwave, longwave, latent heat, and sensible heat radiation and using Metocean field data obtained from WAVCIS stations. Simulation results showed a continuous increase in water temperature and stratification during June 2009 with daily fluctuations of sea surface temperature as large as 0.9 °C. The corresponding stratification strengthening was quantified by an increase in the gradient Richardson number and buoyancy frequency. Development of shelf-wide stratification coincided with a significant decline in bottom water oxygen concentration. Our results demonstrate how, under certain conditions, solar heating can significantly contribute to vertical stratification and may also create conditions conducive to the formation and persistence of hypoxia.
Early childhood arts education in the United States: A special issue of Arts Education Policy Review

ABSTRACTIn this introduction to Early Childhood Arts Education in the United States, a special issue of Arts Education Policy Review, the editors provide a platform for stakeholders' increased awareness and understandings of the need to ensure children's rights to arts education. They summarize the five articles comprising this issue, and invite stakeholders to consider example action steps to apply content from this Issue to arts interactions with young children.
Object play in infants with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal retrospective video analysis.

Background and aimsEarly play behaviors may provide important information regarding later-diagnosed developmental delays. Play behaviors of young children with autism spectrum disorder are restricted in diversity, frequency, and complexity. Most autism spectrum disorder research focuses on play in children over 18 months of age. This study examined three groups of infants (later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, later diagnosed with other developmental disorders, and typically developing) with the aims of: (1) describing the play behaviors of the three groups of infants at two time points (9–12 months and 15–18 months); (2) examining group differences in four hierarchical levels of play at both time points; (3) comparing groups with respect to the highest level of play achieved; and (4) determining if the highest level of play achieved by infants with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental delays correlated with later developmental outcomes.MethodsThe current study used longitudinal retro...
Physiological Trade-Offs in Lizards: Costs for Individuals and Populations.

SYNOPSIS The immune system is a critical component of health and fitness, whereby organisms must maintain sufficient health to survive to reproduce. Because of the key role of immunity in an organism's fitness, the use of immunological indices is widespread. However, there is a paucity of empirical support for the best way to interpret immunological data, and the internal energetic state of the organism, as well as the external environmental pressures it faces, are often not considered concurrently. A stronger immune response is not always beneficial to the organism; a more attenuated response may ultimately lead to improved fitness if the animal incurs fewer performance costs on competing systems, especially reproduction. Additionally, the external pressures animals encounter (such as anthropogenic disturbance) must be considered along with the animal's internal state. A synthesis of results addressing resource allocation between the immune and reproductive systems is presented using a well-studied organism, the side-blotched lizard, from a combination of field and laboratory studies under varying environmental conditions. Specifically, experiments involving specific immune, reproductive, metabolic, and performance costs in a laboratory setting are discussed, as well as associated demographic trade-offs between survival and reproductive success, demonstrating essential links between immunity and the population.
Unscripting Curriculum: Toward a Critical Trans Pedagogy

In this essay, Harper B. Keenan draws on his own experience as a white queer and trans educator to consider the meaning of a critical trans pedagogy. Amid dissonant narratives of equal rights and subjection, he explores how his classroom teaching is shaped by his own experience of gender conditioning as well as by the contemporary political climate surrounding trans identity. Keenan argues that a critical trans pedagogy requires unscripting and must necessarily support children in constructing new knowledge.