cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A statistical algorithm for efficient computation of correlations

A statistical method is employed to approximate the operation of correlation. By using Bernoulli sampling to generate the template or correlation mask, a sparse template can be produced. The sampling procedure is shown to produce an unbiased estimate of the correlation signal. The variance of the output signal is also evaluated. Various approximation accuracies can be obtained by proper design of the correlation template. Because the templates produced by this technique are binary and sparse, the correlation operation can be implemented very efficiently. It is shown that the computational complexity of this algorithm for implementing correlation is N/sup 2/ (for images), where N is the linear dimension of the images. The technique is illustrated on an example. >
Iron-Rich and Iron-Poor Mississippi Valley-Type Mineralization, Metaline District, Washington

Two texturally and mineralogically distinct types of Mississippi Valley-type mineralization are hosted by the upper Cambrian Metaline Formation in northeastern Washington. Josephine-type mineralization is iron poor and coarse grained, whereas Yellowhead-type mineralization is iron rich, fine grained, and commonly botryoidal. Josephine mineralization is found largely in the Josephine lithofacies, a fragmental unit near the contact between dolomites of the Metaline Formation and shales of the overlying Ledbetter Formation. Yellowhead mineralization forms several planar zones several hundred meters below, largely in the light-gray bedded dolostone lithofacies of the Metaline Formation. About 12.7 million tonnes (Mt) of Josephine-type ore (1.3% Pb, 3.0% Zn) and 730,000 t of Yellowhead-type ore (4.5% Zn, 0.5% Pb) were produced from the district before 1977, and about 5.5 Mt of ore (7.2% Zn, 1.3% Pb) remain, largely in the Yellowhead zone. Ore textures in both types of mineralization indicate a complete lack of equilibrium among adjacent minerals, and this is confirmed by geochemical measurements. Although fluid inclusion homogenization and freezing temperatures are similar for both types of ore, fluid inclusion leachate and gas analyses differ for each mineral. Compositions for Josephine minerals appear to form a cluster that differs from compositions for Yellowhead minerals, suggesting that ore minerals were deposited from two parent brines that changed composition slightly to deposit each mineral. Isotopic analyses indicate that sulfur in both types of mineralization was probably derived from the same source whereas lead definitely came from two distinct sources. These observations indicate that ore formed when two parent metal-rich brines mixed with the same source of sulfur. Abundant pyrite that retains the form of marcasite suggests that the original brine in at least the Yellowhead ores was moderately acid. Geochemical speciation calculations indicate that relatively high temperatures are needed to dissolve enough iron to make iron-rich Mississippi Valley-type deposits. Furthermore, moderately acid brines with relatively low sulfur contents are enriched in iron whereas those with high sulfur contents lack iron, suggesting that the variations in iron content of these deposits reflect variations in the dissolved sulfur content of the parent brines.
Between Conflict and Cooperation: New Horizons in the Evolutionary Science of the Human Family

Familial relationships cannot be properly understood outside of an evolutionary framework. Pseudoscientifi c and traditional modes of thought have steered us away from an accurate account of ourselves and our kin. Recent theoretical and empirical advancements in the evolutionary sciences, such as the theories of inclusive fi tness, parental investment, and parent–offspring confl ict, have aided our understanding of familial confl ict and cooperation. We suggest that a gene’s-eye perspective of human families can likewise illuminate much of human psychology and behavior by contrasting individual interests with genetic interests. Furthermore, genetic imprinting and extended phenotypic action-at-a-distance have unveiled the extent to which coevolutionary arms races and manipulation may lie at the heart of familial interactions and psychological disorders. We posit that human cultural trends and morals can ultimately be grounded on an evolutionary foundation: Not only do human laws and institutions refl ect group-level manifestations of gene-level cooperative adaptations, they may also refl ect gene-level manipulative adaptations. An awareness of evolutionary dynamics can advance human well-being and unveil the hidden mechanisms beneath all human and nonhuman relationships.
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after apicoaortic bypass.

1010-7940/$ — see front matter # 2011 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic S doi:10.1016/j.ejcts.2011.04.036 A 78-year-old man had severe aortic stenosis. Because of ascending aorta calcification and previous coronary artery bypass graft, we performed apicoaortic bypass through left thoracotomy. An enlarging mass was noted (Fig. 1). Echocardiography and computed tomography revealed a large left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (Fig. 2). Re-operation was performed smoothly through re-thoracotomy to repair the tear.
Parallel Articulated-Cable Exercise Robot (PACER): Novel Home-Based Cable-Driven Parallel Platform Robot for Upper Limb Neuro-Rehabilitation

This paper examines the design, analysis and control of a novel hybrid articulated-cable parallel platform for upper limb rehabilitation in three dimensional space. The proposed lightweight, low-cost, modular reconfigurable parallel-architecture robotic device is comprised of five cables and a single linear actuator which connects a six degrees-of-freedom moving platform to a fixed base. This novel design provides an attractive architecture for implementation of a home-based rehabilitation device as an alternative to bulky and expensive serial robots. The manuscript first examines the kinematic analysis prior to developing the dynamic equations via the Newton-Euler formulation. Subsequently, different spatial motion trajectories are prescribed for rehabilitation of subjects with arm disabilities. A low-level trajectory tracking controller is developed to achieve the desired trajectory performance while ensuing that the unidirectional tensile forces in the cables are maintained. This is now evaluated via a simulation case-study and the development of a physical testbed is underway.
Response criteria in urologic malignancies.

The recognition of a response to treatment in prostatic carcinoma is not qualitatively different than that in other solid tumors; nonetheless, the preponderance of bone as a site of metastases in prostate cancer makes effective measurement of response difficult. In other disease sites, such as colorectal cancer or lung cancer, inability to detect early and quantitative changes on bone scan (i.e., 25% versus 50% improvement) are of less clinical importance. In these tumors there are indicator lesions in lung, soft tissue, etc. which can be easily measured and quantitated. In contrast, in prostatic carcinoma, for the vast majority of patients, bone is the only site of metastatic disease and the dominant site of symptomatic disease.
Economic and racial differences in women's infertility experiences

Infertility has been identified as a highly significant social issue and a public health priority. However, those experiencing infertility are typically thought of and portrayed by the media as middle-class White women and couples seeking medical treatment. In fact, the majority of social science literature regarding infertility has focused on this same population while demographic differences in infertility experiences, particularly by economic status and race, have not been the subject of comprehensive study. Guided by the concepts of stratified reproduction, intersectionality, and an infertility helpseeking framework, this dissertation examined the relationships between economic status, race/ethnicity, and four types of infertility experiences using nationally representative crosssectional data from the National Survey of Fertility Barriers. The sample is drawn from women who meet the medical definition of infertility of having regular, unprotected sex for twelve months or more without conceiving (N = 2,443). The literature suggests that infertility may be experienced differently by marginalized groups as they are embedded in classist and racist contexts and that being non-White, with access to fewer economic resources, may have multiplicative effects on women’s infertility experiences, both medical and non-medical. Results indicate that the demographic picture of infertility includes women of all economic statuses and race/ethnicities at similar levels. Furthermore, there are significant relationships between economic status, race/ethnicity, and women’s infertility experiences. Joint effects explain fewer differences in experiences than an index of economic status indicators (income/poverty status, insurance status, receipt of public assistance, and economic hardship). Controlling for various life course, fertility history, and certain predisposing and enabling
URBAN PLANNING AND THE AMERICAN FAMILY

American urban design is anti-family, generating unhealthy and unsafe communities and lifestyles. Although taxation schemes, zoning codes, and comprehensive planning requires an overhaul to become sustainable and healthy, the very design of neighborhoods must be altered to support families and children.
Planning, Proposing, and Presenting Science Effectively: How to write a curriculum vitae

The writer of his own life has, at least, the first qualification of an historian, the knowledge of the truth. Samuel Johnson (1709–84) A curriculum vitae, affectionately known as a c.v., is a summary of one's academic career and qualifications, usually prepared by an applicant seeking employment or other support. The commercial world tends to use the French term resume for the equivalent document. Curriculum vitae means literally the course of life (in Latin), and it intends to be a short summary, although modern c.v.s can sometimes be quite lengthy, depending upon the specific purpose for which they are drawn up. Although most of a c.v. consists of itemized lists, some general exposition may be involved; much of Appendix A on writing clearly therefore applies. There is no prescribed format for a general c.v., although its contents are reasonably standard. For specific purposes, as in a tenure-review document, a university or other body may require a c.v. in special format. We emphasize the contents that typify a c.v. drawn up by a new doctorate seeking a postdoctoral position or assistant professorship, although we also include mention of sundry items that are often more applicable to someone at a later stage of his or her career. As it may not be obvious why certain items are desirable to include in a c.v., we offer our explanations as to their inclusion. However, we urge you to seek feedback on your c.v. as you prepare it for different purposes and whenever you substantially revise its format or content.
The U.S. Defense Landscape: From Extreme Competitive Advantage to Commoditization

We analyze the potential impacts of recent advancements in manufacturing technologies (a specifically, solid free form fabrication, or S3) on the current defense industrial base structure from a resource-based perspective considering Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction (1934). Decentralized manufacturing, mass customization and reclamation are identified as potential major structural changes that could threaten the extant competitive environment in the U.S. defense sector.
Algorithmic Aspects of Machine Learning

This book bridges theoretical computer science and machine learning by exploring what the two sides can teach each other. It emphasizes the need for flexible, tractable models that better capture not what makes machine learning hard, but what makes it easy. Theoretical computer scientists will be introduced to important models in machine learning and to the main questions within the field. Machine learning researchers will be introduced to cutting-edge research in an accessible format, and gain familiarity with a modern, algorithmic toolkit, including the method of moments, tensor decompositions and convex programming relaxations. The treatment beyond worst-case analysis is to build a rigorous understanding about the approaches used in practice and to facilitate the discovery of exciting, new ways to solve important long-standing problems.
Ethical Culture and Legal Liability: The GM Switch Crisis and Lessons in Governance

During 2014 news stories emerged that eventually revealed and caused General Motors (GM) to admit that the corporation took more than ten years to recall millions of vehicles because of an elaborate cover-up related to defects in its engine ignition switches. Beyond the tragedy of at least 100 deaths attributed to the ignition switch failures, there is the company’s internal failure to address and timely disclose what was a material event evident in the earliest stages of the use of the switch and clear evidence of the company’s awareness of the defects. Within the past fifteen years there have been significant examples of ethical lapses, all with the common factor that the evolution of the lapses within the companies took place over a period of time with many in the organization aware of the growing problems. The ignition switch problem at GM follows the same pattern. The purpose of this article is to examine the GM ignition switch debacle in light of its culture and past practices and search for insights to aid other companies in how to detect these material events and decisions in their early stages. First, we discuss what went wrong at GM, including findings from the report conducted by attorney Anton Valukas at the request of GM’s board. Second, we explore GM’s several appearances before Congress due to this ignition switch safety issue. Third, we look at what GM is reported to have done so far. Fourth, we provide thoughts about what GM needs to do. Next, we discuss lessons learned from this ethical crisis. Finally, we conclude and offer advice. We believe this paper offers a recital of the facts surrounding an egregious lapse in U.S. corporate ethical conduct as it provides constructive thoughts about future prevention of the causal management conduct, failure of corporate governance and regulatory oversight. The GM experience offers many lessons about the importance of organizational integrity, “truth telling” at all levels within large corporations, and the costs and issues that result when there are failures in corporate governance.
Autopsy Findings in Pediatric Deaths from Fluoroacetamide and Tetramine Poisoning

Objective:To study the pathological changes of critical organs in children poisoned by rodenticides.Methods: 6 cases of autopsy were confirmed to be fluoroacetamide or tetramine poisoning by analysis of gastric fluid.The internal viscera were extracted,paraffin-embedded and observed by microscopic examination.Results:Significant pathological changes observed in 6 cases involved central nervous system,liver,kidney,heart,gastrointestinal tract,lung,spleen,adrenal gland and bone marrow.Conclusion: Fluoroacetamide and tetramine are highly toxic and pathogenic agents which may cause multiple organ failure and even death.
Classification and Identification of Learning Disabilities

Multiple efforts over the past century have been devoted to classifying and identifying children and adults with learning disabilities (LD), encompassing methods in which LD is conceptualized from neurological, cognitive, and instructional models. A major question for the field is whether classifications of LD are categorical, with LD representing discrete groups, or dimensional, where the attributes of LD are unbroken continuums that are correlated. The key conceptual issue is how to operationalize the core component of the LD construct, unexpected underachievement. Considerable support is emerging for dimensional views that incorporate assessments of instructional response as an inclusionary marker of unexpected underachievement, low achievement as an inclusionary criterion, and exclusion of children with other disabilities and conditions that explain low achievement. Such approaches help address the psychometric problems from identification methods based on arbitrary thresholds on single indicators and move the classification and identification of LD towards methods more closely related to instructional outcomes.
A new bi-directional PMOSFET hot-carrier degradation model for circuit reliability simulation

In this paper, the concept of channel shortening is used to model hot-carrier induced PMOSFET drain current degradation. This new approach models the asymmetric drain current degradation in forward and reverse modes of operation and provides the capability to simulate bi-directional stress. We will present the model, its implementation in BERT (BErkeley Reliability Tools), and simulation results of uni- and bi-directionally stressed circuits. >
Genomic Distribution of Transcripts and DNA Associated Proteins in One Percent of the Genome of Erythroid and Myeloid Cells.

Abstract The NIHGRI has sponsored a multi-group enterprise to use a variety of approaches to map DNA elements in one per cent of the human genome-the ENCODE Project. As part of this effort we have mapped sites of active transcription (transcriptionally active regions or TARS) for myeloid cells including the undifferentiated and retinoic acid treated promyelocytic NB4 cell line and normal neutrophils, as well as the erythroid cell line K562. The results show a large number of intergenic and intronic transcripts, particularly in neutrophils. One feature of note is the amount of cell type specific intergenic transcription in the HoxA cluster. In addition we have been developing simple methods to map the sites of polyadenylation of RNAs and applied this to several cell types. This method also indicates the presence of polyadenylated transcripts derived from the multiple introns of known genes as well as intergenic regions. In parallel with the transcript mapping, we have been performing microarray based chromatin immunoprecipitation studies (Chip-chip) on several factors, analyzing them on oligonucleotide arrays tiling the ENCODE selected genomic regions. These include various phosphorylated forms of RNA polymerase, various methylated forms of histone H3, certain DNA sequence specific transcription factors, and some other factors either broadly involved in chromatin remodeling or specifically found to be associated with certain sequences in the beta globin cluster. Among other things, our results as well as those of other members of the ENCODE consortium, provide a signature motif commonly associated with promoters.
Reassessing the chronology of the Mississippian Central Illinois River Valley using Bayesian analysis

ABSTRACTChronology building has long served as a major focus of archaeological interest in the Central Illinois River valley (CIRV) of west-central Illinois. Previous methods have relied primarily upon relative dating techniques (e.g., ceramic seriation) as a means of sorting out temporal relationships between sites. This study represents the first investigation into the utility of Bayesian techniques (which consider radiocarbon dates in context with archaeological information) in the CIRV. We present the results of a detailed ceramic seriation of the region, data that we use as a priori information in our Bayesian models. We then offer contiguous, overlapping, and sequential models of site occupations in the Mississippian CIRV, review the output and appropriateness of each model, and consider their implications for the pace of sociopolitical change in the region.
A Lean Six Sigma Quality Improvement Project Improves Timeliness of Discharge from the Hospital.

Abstract Background Hospital overcrowding has become a widespread problem, with constrained bed capacity and admission bottlenecks having far-reaching negative impacts on quality and safety. Focus on timing of discharge may be the least disruptive and most effective way to address constrained bed capacity, yet there may be significant institution-specific barriers to implementation. Methods With the creation of a "Value Team," a 627-bed, tertiary care academic medical center embarked on a quality improvement (QI) project using Lean Six Sigma process improvement methodology. After defining the problems around timeliness of discharge, the team went through the steps in the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) framework. Interventions, which were implemented on the basis of an in-depth analysis of barriers to the discharge process, included geographic cohorts of internal medicine physicians on specific hospital units and multidisciplinary huddles one day before anticipated discharge. Results After accounting for the concurrent trends in the control group, the percentage of discharge orders released by 10:00 a.m. increased by 21.3 points (p < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.91–3.59), and the percentage of patients discharged by noon increased by 7.5 points (p = 0.001; adjusted OR = 1.70; 95% CI 1.15–2.51). There were no significant changes in the 30-day readmission rate or length of stay. Conclusion A QI program shaped by Lean Six Sigma principles and reinforced by clinician huddles and geographic cohorting was associated with earlier posting of discharge orders and physical discharge by noon.
Nonlinear forecasts, rational bubbles, and martingales

Two terms are found in the title of this reprint, but not of the originals, namely, “nonlinear” and “rational bubble.” They express the two main points of this paper in words that were not available to me in 1966.
Abstract 694: Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS Box Protein 4 (ASB4) is a Hydroxylation Substrate of Factor Inhibiting HIF1a (FIH) and Promotes Vascular Differentiation via an Oxygen-Dependent Mechanism

The molecular mechanisms of endothelial differentiation into a functional vascular network are incompletely understood. To identify novel factors in endothelial development we employed a microarray screen using differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells that identified the previously uncharacterized Ankyrin Repeat and SOCS Box Protein 4 (ASB4) as the most highly differentially expressed gene in the vascular lineage during early differentiation. Like other SOCS box-containing proteins, ASB4 acts as the substrate recognition molecule of an Elongin-B/Elongin-C/Cullin/Roc ubiquitin ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of substrate protein(s). We show here that high levels of ASB4 expression in the embryonic vasculature coincide with drastic increases in oxygen tension as placental blood flow is initiated. However, as vessels mature and oxygen levels stabilize, ASB4 expression is quickly downregulated, suggesting that ASB4 may function to modulate an endothelial-specific response to increasing oxygen tension. Consistent with the hypothesis that ASB4 function is regulated by oxygen concentration, ASB4 directly interacts with Factor Inhibiting HIF1-alpha (FIH), and is a substrate for FIH-mediated hydroxylation via an oxygen-dependent mechanism. Additionally, overexpression of ASB4 in ES cells promotes differentiation into the endothelial lineage in an oxygen-dependent manner. We propose that hydroxylation of ASB4 in normoxia promotes binding to and degradation of substrate protein(s) to modulate vascular differentiation.
Mammalian chromosome-telomere length dynamics

Individual chromosome arms have specific individual telomere lengths (TLs). Past studies within species have shown strong positive correlations between individual chromosome length and TL at that chromosome. While the reasons for these associations are unclear, the strength and consistency of the associations across disparate taxa suggest that this is important to telomere biology and should be explored further. If TL is primarily determined by chromosome length, then chromosome length should be considered and controlled for in cross-species analyses of TL. Here, we employ a cross-species approach to explore whether the chromosome length-TL association observed intraspecifically is a determinant of mean TL across species. Data were compiled from two studies characterizing TL across a range of mammalian taxa and analysed in a phylogenetic framework. We found no significant relationship between TL and chromosome size across mammals or within mammalians orders. The pattern trends in the expected direction and we suggest may be masked by evolutionary lag effects.
Registration of EMG Electrodes to Reduce Classification Errors due to Electrode Shift

Non-invasive recording of EMG signals from the arm of a typical subject or amputee has been popularized in control of a variety of devices, including upper limb prostheses. One of the most difficult challenges of using external recording devices, such as the Myo Armband, is the need to retrain a movement classifier due to the shift in positions and electrode location around the arm. Electrode shift causes distortion of the features to be extracted for classification and makes previous training unusable. For amputees, this means retraining movement classifiers several times per day. In this experiment, the Myo Armband is used to test the ability to predict the degree of electrode shift from the electrode sites used to originally train a classifier in order to correct by the detected shift and continue to use the same classifer, instead of training a new one. The Myo Armband was rotated around the arm of subjects with intact limbs as they performed six commonly used movements. The mean absolute value of each electrode was used to characterize the response at each electrode site. Shifts in orientation between one position and a new position were identified by minimizing the mean-squared error of their characteristic movement profiles. The correct shift was identified across subjects using only 0.25 s of data with over 90% accuracy using the “open” or “wrist supinate” grips. New movements at a shifted location were classified using the feature vectors of a previously collected training set and accounting for the shift; classification error averaged 95.7 ± 0.4%, indicating a possibility for real-time correction of electrode shift error.
Remote Placement of Magnetically Coupled Ultrasonic Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring

In this work we develop an intelligent remote sensor placement system for standoff deployment of magnetically coupled ultrasonic sensors for structural health monitoring applications. Currently there exists significant legacy infrastructure that requires monitoring. Sensors often need to be accurately placed in hard-to-reach locations which are exposed to harsh environmental conditions, all while ensuring adequate mechanical coupling between the sensor and the structure. Installing these sensors is a task which is time consuming, expensive, and dangerous. In this paper, we develop an intelligent pneumatic remote sensor placement system meant to be integrated with commercially available multicopters. It is designed to accurately deploy sensor nodes from a standoff distance. To achieve this it will calculate the required trajectory and energy requirements to ensure proper placemen as well as coupling between the node and the structure without damaging the sensor package or the structure in the process. This work leverages recent advances in computer vision and commercially available multicopters to align the remote sensor placement system with the point of attachment on the structure. This technology will reduce the barriers associated with the deployment of large scale sensor networks in the field of structural health monitoring.
Comments on “The National Energy Plan”

This chapter presents some comments on the national energy plan. Energy planning that reduces the likelihood of a shortfall is shown to be preferable to a strategy based upon a balance of most likely demand with capacity. If future capacity and demand were known with certainty, the most likely outcome approach would be correct and social cost could be held to a minimum. As uncertainty increases, so does the desirable amount of surplus and so does the expected value of the loss. This effect is perhaps best explained by an analogy to a checking account. If an individual knows what his expenses will be with precision for the next month, he would put exactly that amount of money into his checking account. The remainder of his money would stay in savings to earn interest.
The Fragility Index in a Cohort of HIV/AIDS Randomized Controlled Trials

HIV/AIDS is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. For these reasons, robust clinical evidence is critical. We aim to investigate the fragility index, fragility quotient, and risk of bias of clinical trial endpoints in HIV medicine. The fragility index represents the minimum amount of trial endpoint “nonevents” changed to “events” in one trial arm required to nullify statistical significance. The fragility quotient contextualized the fragility index by dividing the index by the total trial sample size. We selected eligible trials from the Department of Health and Human Services guideline for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. We calculated the fragility index and fragility quotient for all included trials. The Cochrane “risk of bias” Tool 2.0 was used to evaluate the likelihood and sources of bias in the included trials. Thirty-nine RCTs were included for our analysis of fragility. Thirty-six were included for our analysis of the risk of bias. The median fragility index was 5. Three RCTs were at high risk of bias, all due to the selection of the endpoint or statistical test. Twenty had some concerns for risk of bias. The analyzed HIV medicine RCT endpoints were fragile, overall. This indicates that a median of 5 patients across all included studies would nullify the statistical significance of the endpoints. Furthermore, we found evidence that concerns for bias are present at a high rate.
Mammals and birds—vertebrate visitors

Abstract Mammals and birds are members of many cave communities. Both groups are universally endothermic, maintaining stable body temperatures via metabolic processes. Maintaining a stable body temperature is energetically expensive; as a result, endotherms require much more food than ectotherms such as fish, amphibians, and reptiles. A combination of the food requirements of endotherms and the resource-poor environment in caves likely explains why there are no cave-obligate (troglobiotic) species known from either of these groups. While no mammal or bird spends its entire life cycle in a cave, they may associate with caves to varying degrees—from occasional associations in species that use caves for temporary shelter or foraging to closer associations in species that use caves as dens or maternity sites, or for hibernation. As mammals and birds move between surface and cave habitats they transport resources from the surface into caves, having major impacts on cave ecology.
Tripartite mutualisms as models for understanding plant-microbial interactions.

All plants host diverse microbial assemblages that shape plant health, productivity, and function. While some microbial effects are attributable to particular symbionts, interactions among plant-associated microbes can nonadditively affect plant fitness and traits in ways that cannot be predicted from pairwise interactions. Recent research into tripartite plant–microbe mutualisms has provided crucial insight into this nonadditivity and the mechanisms underlying plant interactions with multiple microbes. Here, we discuss how interactions among microbial mutualists affect plant performance, highlight consequences of biotic and abiotic context-dependency for nonadditive outcomes, and summarize burgeoning efforts to determine the molecular bases of how plants regulate establishment, resource exchange, and maintenance of tripartite interactions. We conclude with four goals for future tripartite studies that will advance our overall understanding of complex plant–microbial interactions.
Assessing burden, risk factors, and perceived impact of uterine fibroids on women's lives in rural Haiti: implications for advancing a health equity agenda, a mixed methods study.

Uterine fibroids, the most common cause of gynecologic surgery, have a reported cumulative incidence of 59% among Black women in the U.S. Uterine fibroids negatively impact the quality of women’s lives. No study has been found in the literature about fibroids in Haiti. We conducted a mixed methods study to assess the burden and risk factors of uterine fibroids, as well as their effects on women’s quality of life. A convergent mixed methods study was conducted between October 1, 2019 and January 31, 2020 at MUH’s (Mirebalais University Hospital) OB-GYN outpatient department. Quantitatively, in a cross-sectional study 211 women completed consecutively a structured questionnaire. In-depth interviews with 17 women with fibroids and 7 family members were implemented for the qualitative component. Descriptive statistics were calculated for clinical and social demographic variables. Logistic regression was performed to examine associations between fibroids and related risk factors. An inductive thematic process was used to analyze the qualitative data. A joint display technique was used to integrate the results. Of 193 women analyzed 116 had fibroids (60.1%). The mean age was 41.3. Anemia was the most frequent complication— 61 (52.6%). Compared to women without uterine fibroids, factors associated with uterine fibroids included income decline (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.1–10.9, p = < 0.001), excessive expenses for transport (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI: 1.6–12.4, p = 0.005), and family history with uterine fibroids (AOR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.6–13.6, p = 0.005). In contrast, higher level of education and micro polycystic ovarian syndrome were associated with lower prevalence (AOR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.9, p = 0.021) and (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1–0.97, p = 0.044), respectively. The qualitative findings delineate how contextual factors such as health system failures, long wait times, gender inequality and poverty negatively affect the quality of women’s lives. The poverty cycle of uterine fibroids emerged. A vicious cycle of poverty negatively impacts access to care for uterine fibroids in Haiti. Health insurance, social support, and income generating activities may be keys to promote social justice through access to adequate care for women with uterine fibroids in Haiti.
Three-Dimensional Adipocyte Culture as a Model to Study Cachexia-Induced White Adipose Tissue Remodeling

Cancer cachexia (CC) presents itself as a syndrome with multiple manifestations, causing a marked multi-organ metabolic imbalance. Recently, cachectic wasting has been proposed to be stimulated by several inflammatory mediators, which may disrupt the integrative physiology of adipose tissues and other tissues such as the brain and muscle. In this scenario, the tumor can survive at the host's expense. In recent clinical research, the intensity of depletion of the different fat deposits has been negatively correlated with the patient's survival outcome. Studies have also shown that various metabolic disorders can alter white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling, especially in the early stages of cachexia development. WAT dysfunction resulting from tissue remodeling is a contributor to overall cachexia, with the main modifications in WAT consisting of morpho-functional changes, increased adipocyte lipolysis, accumulation of immune cells, reduction of adipogenesis, changes in progenitor cell population, and the increase of "niches" containing beige/brite cells. To study the various facets of cachexia-induced WAT remodeling, particularly the changes progenitor cells and beige remodeling, two-dimensional (2D) culture has been the first option for in vitro studies. However, this approach does not adequately summarize WAT complexity. Improved assays for the reconstruction of functional AT ex vivo help the comprehension of physiological interactions between the distinct cell populations. This protocol describes an efficient three-dimensional (3D) printing tissue culture system based on magnetic nanoparticles. The protocol is optimized for investigating WAT remodeling induced by cachexia induced factors (CIFs). The results show that a 3D culture is an appropriate tool for studying WAT modeling ex vivo and may be useful for functional screens to identify bioactive molecules for individual adipose cell populations applications and aid the discovery of WAT-based cell anticachectic therapy.
Emotion Regulation Ability: Test Performance and Observer Reports in Predicting Relationship, Achievement and Well-Being Outcomes in Adolescents.

This paper examines emotion regulation defined as one of the components of emotional intelligence ability and tests how emotion regulation predicts academic achievement, relationship quality, and affective well-being outcomes in adolescents. Specifically, we examine two ways of measuring emotion regulation ability—using performance test scores and through knowledgeable informant observations (teachers). While previous research supports the predictive validity of performance on ability tests of emotion regulation observer reports of emotion regulation have not received much empirical attention. In a sample of high school students, we test whether performance-tested and observer-assessed emotion regulation ability predict a range of outcomes beyond the Big Five personality traits and gender and whether the two measures of emotion regulation ability predict outcomes independently. Our hypotheses are supported for outcomes of relationship quality and academic achievement, but not for affective well-being outcomes. We discuss the implications for assessment of emotion regulation ability and the nature of outcomes predicted by emotion regulation ability.
COVID-19 in an Acute Care Setting: Perspectives from an Oncology and a Palliative Medicine Social Worker.

New roles and ways of interacting with patients, families, and coworkers are but one consequence of the current pandemic. This reflection written by a Palliative Medicine social worker and an Oncol...
Anti-CD47 Monoclonal Antibody-Drug Conjugate: A Targeted Therapy to Treat Triple-Negative Breast Cancers.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are frequently recurrent due to the development of drug resistance post chemotherapy. Both the existing literature and our study found that surface receptor CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) was upregulated in chemotherapy-treated TNBC cells. The goal of this study was to develop a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based targeting strategy to treat TNBC after standard treatment. Specifically, a new mAb that targets the extracellular domain of receptor CD47 was developed using hybridoma technology and produced in fed-batch culture. Flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and in vivo imaging system (IVIS) showed that the anti-CD47 mAb effectively targeted human and mouse TNBC cells and xenograft models with high specificity. The antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) carrying mertansine was constructed and demonstrated higher potency with reduced IC50 in TNBC cells than did the free drug and significantly inhibited tumor growth post gemcitabine treatment in MDA-MB-231 xenograft NSG model. Finally, whole blood analysis indicated that the anti-CD47 mAb had no general immune toxicity, flow cytometry analysis of lymph nodes revealed an increase of CD69+ NK, CD11c+ DC, and CD4+ T cells, and IHC staining showed tumoral infiltration of macrophage in the 4T1 xenograft BALB/cJ model. This study demonstrated that targeting CD47 with ADC has great potential to treat TNBCs as a targeted therapy.
Cooperative Computing for Autonomous Data Centers

We present a new distributed model for graph computations motivated by limited information sharing. Two or more independent entities have collected large social graphs. They wish to compute the result of running graph algorithms on the entire set of relationships. Because the information is sensitive or economically valuable, they do not wish to simply combine the information in a single location. We consider two models for computing the solution to graph algorithms in this setting: 1) limited-sharing: the two entities can share only a poly logarithmic size subgraph, 2) low-trust: the entities must not reveal any information beyond the query answer, assuming they are all honest but curious. We believe this model captures realistic constraints on cooperating autonomous data centres' have results for both models for s-t connectivity, one of the simplest graph problems that requires global information in the worst case. In the limited-sharing model, our results exploit social network structure. Standard communication complexity gives polynomial lower bounds on s-t connectivity for general graphs. However, if the graph for each data centre has a giant component and these giant components intersect, then we can overcome this lower bound, computing-t connectivity while exchanging O(log ^2 n) bits for a constant number of data centers. We can also test the assumption that the giant components overlap using O(log ^2 n) bits provided the (unknown) overlap is sufficiently large. The second result is in the low trust model. We give a secure multi-party computation (MPC) algorithm that 1) does not make cryptographic assumptions when there are 3 or more entities, and 2) is efficient, especially when compared to the usual garbled circuit approach. The entities learn only the yes/no answer. No party learns anything about the others' graph, not even node names. This algorithm does not require any special graph structure. This secure MPC result for s-t connectivity is one of the first that involves a few parties computing on large inputs, instead of many parties computing on a few local values.
A Nielsen theory for intersection numbers

Nielsen theory, originally developed as a homotopy-theoretic approach to fixed point theory, has been translated and extended to various other problems, such as the study of periodic points, coincidence points and roots. In this paper, the techniques of Nielsen theory are applied to the study of intersections of maps. A Nielsen-type number, the Nielsen intersection number NI(f, g), is introduced, and shown to have many of the properties analogous to those of the Nielsen fixed point number. In particular, NI(f, g) gives a lower bound for the number of points of intersection for all maps homotopic to f and g.
10 – Unifying Concepts in Intermolecular and Interparticle Forces

This chapter explores the unifying concepts in intermolecular and interparticle forces. The chapter explains the association of like molecules or particles in a medium. It shows that independently of the type of interaction force involved, certain semiquantitative relations, known as combining relations, that describe molecular forces are applicable quite generally to all systems, that is, to the interactions of molecules, particles, surfaces, and even complex multicomponent systems. The chapter discusses specific interactions as well as complementary (lock-and-key) interactions, and presents examples to show how such specific interactions can result from the complementary shapes of molecules, in which like molecules cannot fit together, whereas unlike molecules can. The examples also show that specific interactions can be the result of an inherently specific interatomic bond, such as the hydrogen bond. The chapter explains the concepts of surface and interfacial energy, and the association of unlike molecules, particles, or surfaces in a third medium. The chapter also discusses about particle–surface and particle–interface interactions as well as the concepts of engulfing and ejections.
American Progressivism and the Rise of the Economist as Expert

The original progressives were not that progressive: they proposed eugenic remedies for the immigrants, women, blacks and mental defectives they blamed for low wages, promoted an illiberal vision of women's economics interests, endorsed survival of the fittest doctrine (so long as the state chose the fittest), advocated imperial adventures, and embraced the scientifically managed corporation. A more complete portrait of the progressives recognizes this illiberal strain in progressive economic reform and its origins in anti-individualism, statism, social efficiency, and planning by scientific experts. The progressive vision of economic reform - what I call expertocracy - is contrasted with John Bates Clark's neoclassical alternative, market failure remedy.
Low molecular weight chitosan-coated polymeric nanoparticles for sustained and pH-sensitive delivery of paclitaxel

Low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) is a promising polymer for surface modification of nanoparticles (NPs), which can impart both stealth effect and electrostatic interaction with cells at mildly acidic pH of tumors. We previously produced LMWC-coated NPs via covalent conjugation to poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA-LMWC NPs). However, this method had several weaknesses including inefficiency and complexity of the production as well as increased hydrophilicity of the polymer matrix, which led to poor drug release control. Here, we used the dopamine polymerization method to produce LMWC-coated NPs (PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs), where the core NPs were prepared with PLGA that served best to load and retain drugs and then functionalized with LMWC via polydopamine layer. The PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs overcame the limitations of PLGA-LMWC NPs while maintaining their advantages. First of all, PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs attenuated the release of paclitaxel to a greater extent than PLGA-LMWC NPs. Moreover, PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs had a pH-dependent surface charge profile and cellular interactions similar to PLGA-LMWC NPs, enabling acid-specific NP-cell interaction and enhanced drug delivery to cells in weakly acidic environment. Although the LMWC layer did not completely prevent protein binding in serum solution, PLGA-pD-LMWC NPs showed less phagocytic uptake than bare PLGA NPs.
Fetal stress-mediated hypomethylation increases the brain susceptibility to hypoxic-ischemic injury in neonatal rats.

Abstract Background and purpose Fetal hypoxia increases brain susceptibility to hypoxic–ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal rats. Yet mechanisms remain elusive. The present study tested the hypothesis that DNA hypomethylation plays a role in fetal stress-induced increase in neonatal HI brain injury. Methods Pregnant rats were exposed to hypoxia (10.5% O2) from days 15 to 21 of gestation and DNA methylation was determined in the developing brain. In addition, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) was administered in day 7 pups brains and the HI treatment was conducted in day 10 pups. Brain injury was determined by in vivo MRI 48 h after the HI treatment and neurobehavioral function was evaluated 6 weeks after the HI treatment. Results Fetal hypoxia resulted in DNA hypomethylation in the developing brain, which persisted into 30-day old animals after birth. The treatment of neonatal brains with 5-Aza induced similar hypomethylation patterns. Of importance, the 5-Aza treatment significantly increased HI-induced brain injury and worsened neurobehavioral function recovery six weeks after the HI-treatment. In addition, 5-Aza significantly increased HIF-1α mRNA and protein abundance as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, but decreased MMP-13 protein abundance in neonatal brains. Consistent with the 5-Aza treatment, hypoxia resulted in significantly increased expression of HIF-1α in both fetal and neonatal brains. Inhibition of HIF-1α blocked 5-Aza-mediated changes in MMPs and abrogated 5-Aza-induced increase in HI-mediated brain injury. Conclusion The results suggest that fetal stress-mediated DNA hypomethylation in the developing brain causes programming of hypoxic–ischemic sensitive phenotype in the brain and increases the susceptibility of neonatal brain to hypoxic–ischemic injury in a HIF-1α-dependent manner.