cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of tip geometry on interfacial contact forces

Experimentaltechniquesthatutilizeatomicforcemicroscopyareroutinelyused to examine tribological properties of tip‐sample interactions. While analysis of data obtained with these methods provides values for macroscale properties, such as interfacial shear strength, understanding nanoscale properties, such as contact radius, requires an atomic-scale approach. Molecular dynamics simulations provide the ability to numerically analyze the nanoscale origins of a wide-range of material and tribological properties. In this paper, the sliding contact between a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and two countersurfaces (a nominally flat, amorphous carbon surface and a nearly spherical fullerene tip) is compared. By examining contact forces between the tip and monolayer atoms, large differences in monolayer behavior that occur due to tip geometry can be elucidated. The structure factor reveals that the fullerene tip creates a more disordered monolayer than the amorphous counterface. Friction forces were also studied using the atomic-level contact forces, which show that the depth at which the fullerene tip affects the SAMs substrate is much deeper than the amorphous counterface. The distribution of contact forces that contribute to friction and load were studied and show a difference in behavior between the two countersurfaces. Finally, while there are a large number of atoms that have a non-zero load during sliding, a smaller subset of 32 atoms carries ∼96% of the load. Using this subset of atoms to compute contact radius reveals a greater agreement with the continuum mechanics models than using all atoms with a non-zero load. This paper highlights how computer simulations can yield insight into tribological interactions at the atomic scale. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Fully depleted, back-illuminated charge-coupled devices fabricated on high-resistivity silicon

Charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have been fabricated on high-resistivity, n-type silicon. The resistivity, on the order of 10 000 /spl Omega//spl middot/cm, allows for depletion depths of several hundred micrometers. Fully depleted, back-illuminated operation is achieved by the application of a bias voltage to an ohmic contact on the wafer back side consisting of a thin in situ doped polycrystalline silicon layer capped by indium tin oxide and silicon dioxide. This thin contact allows for a good short-wavelength response, while the relatively large depleted thickness results in a good near-infrared response.
Caring Through Restraint: Violence, Intimacy and Identity in Mental Health Practice

In this article, I discuss the meanings of “restraints,” or physical intervention strategies that are used at a total institution for mentally ill adolescents in the United States. This paper argues that this particularly complex form of mental health treatment is simultaneously a violent and an intimate way in which men relate to one another and also takes on complex meanings about trust and identity in mental health recovery. Using data from 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork at one residential treatment center, this article examines what restraints reveal and embody about intimate interpersonal staff/client relationships, how Black men relate to one another in this setting and how staff members use physical interventions to link institutional mental health treatment with street violence in the outside world. I conclude that understanding these meanings of restraints provides a valuable way of understanding local knowledge in mental health practice, treatment and recovery.
The feeding behavior of Daphnia pulex from Lake Winnebago, Wisconsin1

The feeding behavior of Daphnia pulex from Lake Winnebago was studied under condi- tions approximating those in the lake and in lake water enriched with algae in mixed culture. When one size particle offered a significantly larger biomass than the others in the water, the animals selected for the abundant particle; sclcction seemed to increase with increasing particle concentrations until consumption of the particle was maximized. When this mecha- nism was in operation, filtering rates on other particles were reduced. However, when the concentrations (by biomass) of all particles were approximately equal, selection was for small particles present in high numbers. The feeding behavior of microcrustaceans has been studied by several techniques, often with the animals feeding on such artificial media as unialgal cultures (Richman 1958; McMahon and Rigler 1963, 1965; Monakov and Sorokin 1961) or other foods having little relation to the natural diet (Burns 1968n; Burns and Rigler 1967; Riglcr 1961) . Although these studies have added much to our knowledge of the basic feeding mecha- nisms of the animals, it is difficult to extrap- olate feeding behavior from these simple solutions to the complex natural media. Of several studies of Daphnia feeding in their natural media (13~11 and Ward 1970; Burns 196879; Nauwerk 1959; Yesipova 1969), none has explored the question of particle selection, the focus of this study.
Host Plants of Xylosandrus mutilatus in Mississippi

Abstract Host range of Xylosandrus mutilatus (Blandford) in North America is reported here for the first time. Descriptive data such as number of attacks per host, size of stems at point of attacks, and height of attacks above ground are presented. Hosts observed in Mississippi were Acer rubrum L., Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer palmatum Thunb., Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch., Cornus florida L., Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Liquidamber styraciflua L., Carya spp., Liriodendron tulipifera L., Melia azedarach L., Pinus taeda L., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Prunus americana Marsh., Ulmus alata Michaux, and Vitus rotundifolia Michaux. Liquidamber styraciflua had significantly more successful attacks, significantly higher probability of attacks, and significantly higher number of adult beetles per host tree than did Carya spp., A. rubrum, and L. tulipifera. This information is relevant in determining the impact this exotic beetle may have in nurseries, urban areas, and other forestry systems where this beetle becomes e...
DO MEXICAN FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) PREFER GRAPEFRUIT TO YELLOW CHAPOTE, A NATIVE HOST?

Wild strain, mated, female Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), with no prior experience with fruit (naive), were not attracted to and did not attempt oviposition in yellow chapote (Sargentia greggii) fruit more so than grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) in wind tunnel experiments. Naive, mated laboratory strain females preferred grapefruit. Prior experience with chapote increased attraction of both laboratory and wild strains to chapote. More naive than chapote-experienced females of both strains attempted to oviposit on the sides of the wind tunnel. Naive laboratory strain males were more attracted to grapefruit than chapote. Naive wild males and chapote-experienced wild and laboratory males did not prefer either fruit.
The Flipped Classroom: A Twist on Teaching.

The traditional classroom has utilized the “I Do”, “We Do”, “You Do” as a strategy for teaching for years. The flipped classroom truly flips that strategy. The teacher uses “You Do”, “We Do”, “I Do” instead. Homework, inquiry, and investigation happen in the classroom. At home students participate in preparation work including watching videos, PowerPoint’s, and completing readings. After completing the preparation work, students arrive in class ready to start solving problems, analyzing text, or investigating solutions. The flipped classroom is fairly new in the teaching field as a strategy for teaching. It has been used by teachers from elementary school to graduate school. As with most strategies, the flipped classroom has a variety of ways to implement in the classroom. This article is a case study of the flipped classroom. It reviews and provides research on the implementation of the flipped classroom. In addition, the article provides a variety of implementation methods and tools to be utilized in a flipped classroom. As with all teaching strategies there are advantages and disadvantages to the flipped classroom which are explained as well.
Variability of Tuberculosis Trends in a Time of Resurgence

In future historical accounts of tuberculosis, the 1980s are likely to be portrayed as a turning point in humanity's long struggle with the tubercle bacillus. Before that time, indices of the prevalence of tuberculosis had indicated that the infection was on the decline throughout most of the world [1]. Then things changed. During the 1980s, a number of countries experienced a cessation of this decline. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), resulting in the loss of cellular immunity, is widely blamed, but the roles of migration, poverty, malnutrition, and decreased tuberculosis control efforts cannot be excluded.
Correlation of thermal analyses with high temperature properties of magnet wire insulation and its relation to system selection

The experimental determination of the thermal life expectancy and performance of a magnet wire enamel is a long and time-consuming process.1 Techniques for decreasing the evaluation time of 5,000 hours or more by a factor of about one hundred would be most welcome to those engaged in the synthesis and development of new enamels. Several attempts have been made to devise methods for achieving these ends,2–7 with varying degrees of success. These methods, as is the method described herein, were proposed as predictors of the ASTM D 2307 results and not in any sense as replacements for that test.
Lightning Back-flashover Performance of 1 000 kV Double-Circuit AC Transmission Lines on the Same Tower

The heightened transmission line voltage level leads to the increased lightning stroke tripping rate.In the light of the back-flashover characteristics of UHV transmission lines,this paper establishes an ATP-EMTP-based simulation model(including multi-wave impendence tower model,leader propagation model for flashover performance of insulator strings,and surge grounding resistance model) to study the back-flashover performance of 1000kV double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower.The simulation results show that the lighting stroke tripping rate is reduced by decreasing the surge grounding impendence of tower and that the counter-sequence of transmission lines can increase the back-flashover performance.The calculation results can be more reliable and accurate considering the inductive voltage and power frequency voltage.
Chemical controls on abiotic and biotic release of geogenic arsenic from Pleistocene aquifer sediments to groundwater

Over 150 million people in South and Southeast Asia consume unsafe drinking water from arsenic-rich Holocene aquifers. Although use of As-free water from Pleistocene aquifers is a potential mitigation strategy, such aquifers are vulnerable to geogenic As pollution, placing millions more people at potential risk. The goal of this research was to define chemical controls on abiotic and biotic release of geogenic As to groundwater. Batch incubations of sediments with natural chemical variability from a Pleistocene aquifer in Cambodia were conducted to evaluate how interactions among arsenic, manganese and iron oxides, and dissolved and sedimentary organic carbon influenced As mobilization from sediments. The addition of labile dissolved organic carbon produced the highest concentrations of dissolved As after >7 months, as compared to sediment samples incubated with sodium azide or without added carbon, and the extent of As release was positively correlated with the percent of initial extractable Mn released from the sediments. The mode of As release was impacted by the source of DOC supplied to the sediments, with biological processes responsible for 81% to 85% of the total As release following incubations with lactate and acetate but only up to 43% to 61% of the total As release following incubations with humic and fulvic acids. Overall, cycling of key redox-active elements and organic-carbon reactivity govern the potential for geogenic As release to groundwater, and results here may be used to formulate better predictions of the arsenic pollution potential of aquifers in South and Southeast Asia.
A Simple ab Initio Model for the Solvated Electron in Methanol.

The solvation structure of a solvated electron in methanol is investigated with ab initio calculations of small anion methanol clusters in a polarized dielectric continuum. We find that the lowest-energy structure in best agreement with experiment, calculated with CCSD, MP2, and B3LYP methods with aug-cc-pvdz basis set, is a tetrahedral arrangement of four methanol molecules with OH bonds oriented toward the center. The optimum distance from the tetrahedron center to the hydroxyl protons is ∼1.8 A, significantly smaller than previous estimates. We are able to reproduce experimental radius of gyration Rg (deduced from optical absorption), vertical detachment energy, and resonance Raman frequencies. The electron paramagnetic resonance g-factor shift is qualitatively reproduced using density functional theory.
The role of adrenalectomy in Cushing's syndrome

Forty-four patients with Cushing's syndrome were treated by adrenalectomy between 1975 and 1989. Twenty patients had adrenal adenomas: 13 with obvious Cushing's syndrome and 7 whose disease was subclinical, detected after evaluation of an incidentally discovered adrenal mass (es). Twelve patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomies for Cushing's disease after failed transsphenoidal explorations and pituitary irradiation. Six patients had primary adrenal hyperplasia, five as manifestations of Carney's complex. Two others underwent bilateral adrenalectomies for ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone from carcinoid tumors. Four patients had adrenocortical carcinoma treated with transabdominal adrenalectomy. Three are alive from 8 years to 5 months. There was one postoperative death (2.3%) caused by coagulopathy and multiple organ failure and three (7%) minor postoperative complications. Follow-up showed good to excellent results in 95% of patients. It is concluded that adrenalectomy provides prompt relief from the severe morbidity of Cushing's syndrome regardless of the cause. It is the treatment of choice for adrenal adenomas, carcinomas, primary hyperplasia, and selected patients with Cushing's disease.
The governance of intermediacy: The insertion of Panama in the global liner shipping network

Abstract The paper investigates the emergence of Panama as a major intermediary location in the global liner shipping network and the associated governance changes. From its initial function of a point of transit, Panama became a tollbooth with the setting of the Panama Canal mostly servicing intercoastal networks. Then, with the growth of transpacific trade and increasing ship sizes Panama became a major transshipment hub, a process facilitated by reforms of its port governance with setting of a landlord port authority model and concessions to private terminal operators. With the emergence of Panama as a logistics platform, governance has gone beyond the realm of the port. The setting of a national Logistics Cabinet in 2014 is illustrative of that trend aiming at coordinating the operations of the Panama Canal (with its expanded locks), port activities focusing on transshipment and the setting of port centric logistics zones. Still, the intermediary location of Panama is facing some risk in the post expansion era since shipping lines are no longer forced to use Panama and could elect for other transshipment hubs. In light of the emerging commercial context, it remains to be seen how the connectivity of Panama will fit within global supply chain strategies.
Stiff person syndrome masquerading as multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Background Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neuroimmunological disorder presenting with a wide variety of signs and symptoms that mimic neuro-inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), thus delaying diagnosis. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of over 100 patients with SPS who were treated at Johns Hopkins Hospital and identified five patients previously diagnosed with MS. Results Patients were female with a mean age of 53 years old (range 43–64). Mean time to SPS diagnosis was 5.5 years. They presented with typical SPS features (axial/leg spasms, torso rigidity, hyperlordosis, and gait instability) as well as atypical features (hemiparesis, hemisensory dysfunction, fine motor impairment) and were all initially given a diagnosis of MS. In all patients, brain MRI demonstrated non-specific white matter lesions and CSF was negative for intrathecal antibodies in the 4 out of 5 patients who underwent lumbar puncture. SPS diagnosis was supported by elevated anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) antibodies in each patient. Two patients were treated with disease-modifying therapies for MS before being diagnosed with SPS. Following diagnosis with SPS, the patients were treated with varying combinations of immunosuppressants and symptomatic therapies resulting in stabilization or improvement in four of the patients. Conclusion We present five patients with SPS, who were initially thought to have MS, including one patient treated with three different MS therapies due to “disease progression”. These cases demonstrate the need to consider less common neuroimmunological disorders, such as SPS, especially in patients with atypical features for MS.
Time-of-flight Mass Measurement of Neturon-rich Nuclei

Zach Meisel∗bd f , S. Georgec, S. Ahnb f , J. Brownebd f , D. Bazind f , F. Carpino j, H. Chung j, A. Estradeh, M. Famiano j, A. Gaded f , C. Langerb f , M. Matosg, W. Mittigd f , F. Montesb f , D. Morrisseyde, J. Perierab f , H. Schatzbd f , J. Schatz, M. Scottd f , D. Shapirag, K. Smithbi, J. Stevensbd f , W. Tani, O. Tarasov f , S. Towers j, K. Wimmera f , J. Winkelbauerd f , J. Yurkon f , and R.G.T. Zegersbd f a Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA b Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, East Lansing, MI, USA c Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany d Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA e Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA f National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, USA g Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA h School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK i Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA j Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
Teacher Leaders Engage in Action Research

Many thanks to guest editor Chrysan Gallucci for shepherding this special issue on the practice-based inquiries of teacher leaders. In her introduction, the guest editor explains the collection of ...
Reviewing the South: The Literary Marketplace and the Southern Renaissance, 1920–1941

The American South received increased attention from national commentators during the interwar era. Beginning in the 1920s, the proliferation of daily book columns and Sunday book supplements in newspapers reflected a growing audience of educated readers and its demand for books and book reviews. This period of intensified scrutiny coincided with a boom in the publishing industry, which, in turn, encouraged newspapers to pay greater attention to the world of books. Reviewing the South shows how northern critics were as much involved in the Southern Literary Renaissance as Southern authors and critics. Southern writing, Gardner argues, served as a litmus to gauge Southern exceptionalism. For critics and their readers, nothing less than the region's ability to contribute to the vibrancy and growth of the nation was at stake.
Mapping Pediatric Tetanus Cases in Central Pennsylvania and Analyzing Hospital Costs Associated with Treatment

Background Pennsylvania is home to Amish and Mennonite communities with an estimated combined population of over 90,000 people. Under-immunization is common with vaccine preventable diseases, including tetanus, periodically presenting among children from these communities. Nearly 20% of nationally reported pediatric tetanus cases in the past 10 years were treated at our institution, the tertiary care center which serves these unique populations. We characterize demographics and costs of treating this rare, but largely preventable infection.
Accessibility and Societal Issues in the Information Age

The preeminence of information as the foundation for the economies of most countries is often attributed to the technical possibilities available through computers and telecommunications. The information age is often presented as a product of the marriage of technologies and the triumph of advances in electronics and engineering. Increasingly apparent, however, is the need to incorporate social elements into our understanding of information technologies and the information age. By addressing the social context for these new technologies, discussion moves from the realm of what is technically feasible, to issues of access, equity, community, and identity. The theme of Part III is how to revisit the well developed theoretical foundation established for accessibility in transportation research, and to advance this foundation to understand the social impact of electronic media, such as computers, the Internet, and Geographic Information Systems.
Cold Hardiness of Weigela Cultivars

Abstract Laboratory freezing tests of stem hardiness were conducted to develop cold hardiness profiles for 18 weigela (Weigela sp.) cultivars during the fall and winter of 1994–95. Tests were performed on containerized plants held in a temperature-controlled greenhouse to prevent exposure to potentially lethal temperatures. No cultivar survived below −6C (21F) in the October 3 test. Subsequent differences in rates of acclimation resulted in cultivars differing in hardiness by as much as 13C (23F) on November 14. Taxa also differed greatly in their maximum midwinter low temperature tolerance with ‘Centennial’ and ‘Eva Supreme’ hardy to −44C (−47F) and −28C (−18F) in mid-January, respectively. None of the cultivars deacclimated substantially in response to a week of artificially-imposed diurnal freeze/thaw cycles in early February. Taxa with the greatest midwinter hardiness also maintained the greatest hardiness in early March. Overall, ‘Centennial’, ‘Java Red’, and ‘Samba’ were the most cold hardy cultivar...
The Dynamics of Legal Networks: State Attorney General Amicus Brief Coalition Formation

State attorneys general, the second most frequent and successful class of amici at the Supreme Court, are more successful as coalition size increases. While a large literature examines their amicus...
Item-by-Item Versus End-of-Test Feedback in a Computer-Based PSI Course

This study examined the effects of three different types of computer feedback on the following variables in a Personalized System of Instruction (PSI) course: unit quiz and final exam performance, the amount of time tutors and other teaching staff spent answering student questions, and students' preference for each type of feedback. The feedback conditions were the following: (a) end-of-test, (b) item-by-item with the option to skip questions during the test, and (c) item-by-item without the option to skip questions during the test. Students who received item-by-item feedback with the skip option performed the same as students who received end-of-test feedback on the unit quizzes and final exam. However, the teaching staff spent significantly less time answering questions when students received item-by-item feedback with the skip option than when they received end-of-test feedback. Finally, 65% of the students preferred item-by-item feedback with the skip option. The authors concluded that this type of item-by-item feedback decreases the workload on teaching staff in a PSI course without sacrificing performance, and students like it more than the other types of feedback.
Antiscience and Vulnerability to False News in the United States: A Basis in the History of Geologic Theories

Disdain for empirical science has a long history dating back to eighteenth-century debates about the Earth’s surface formation. Scientific debates over global catastrophic flooding and the Earth’s ...
Regulating Crime and the International Crime Drop

Michael Quinn’s article reveals that Jeremy Bentham strongly endorsed the suggestions of Patrick Colquhoun, a London magistrate, for reducing the myriad of tempting opportunities for crime in large...
Intensive Intervention for Upper Elementary Students with Severe Reading Comprehension Difficulties.

This study examined the effectiveness of the intensive implementation of a multicomponent reading intervention (Voyager Passport) with 306 fourth-grade students with severe reading difficulties. St...
Longitudinal magnetic resonance findings in delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy.

Delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy is a rare condition that can occur following prolonged cerebral hypo-oxygenation and manifests as acute onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms after a period of ...
Strategies of Female Teaching Attending Physicians to Navigate Gender-Based Challenges: An Exploratory Qualitative Study.

Background Women in medicine experience discrimination, hostility, and unconscious bias frequently and with deleterious effects. While these gender-based challenges are well described, strategies to navigate and respond to them are less understood. Objective To explore the lived experiences of female teaching attending physicians emphasizing strategies they use to mitigate gender-based challenges in clinical environments. Design Multisite exploratory, qualitative study. Setting Inpatient general medicine teaching rounds in six geographically diverse US academic hospitals between April and August 2018. Participants With use of a modified snowball sampling approach, female attendings and their learners were identified; six female attendings and their current (n = 24) and former (n = 17) learners agreed to participate. Measurements Perceptions of gender-based challenges in clinical teaching environments and strategies with which to respond to these challenges were evaluated through semistructured in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and direct observations of rounds. Observations were documented using handwritten field notes. Interviews and focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed. All transcripts and field note data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Main outcomes Attending experience levels ranged from 8 to 20 years (mean, 15.3 years). Attendings were diverse in terms of race/ethnicity. Strategic approaches to gender-based challenges clustered around three themes: female attendings (1) actively position themselves as physician team leaders, (2) consciously work to manage gender-based stereotypes and perceptions, and (3) intentionally identify and embrace their unique qualities. Conclusion Female attendings manage their roles as women in medicine through specific strategies to both navigate complex gender dynamics and role model approaches for learners.
Radiation-Induced Rib Fractures on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Proton Therapy for Breast Cancer With Pencil Beam Scanning

Radiation-induced rib fractures (RIRF) are long-term complications associated with irradiation of the chest/chest wall. RIRFs are commonly seen in lung- or breast-cancer patients treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or conventional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), respectively. We report a case of a 31-year-old female presenting with pathological fractures of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs discovered on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a complication from pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy (PT), of the whole left breast and regional lymph nodes. To our knowledge, this presentation is the first to be initially reported on MRI in radiological literature.
Medicaid Expansion Increased Preconception Health Counseling, Folic Acid Intake, And Postpartum Contraception

The period before pregnancy is critically important for the health of a woman and her infant, yet not all women have access to health insurance during this time. We evaluated whether increased access to health insurance under the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions affected ten preconception health indicators, including the prevalence of chronic conditions and health behaviors, birth control use and pregnancy intention, and receipt of preconception health services. By comparing changes in outcomes for low-income women in expansion and nonexpansion states, we document greater preconception health counseling, prepregnancy folic acid intake, and postpartum use of effective birth control methods among low-income women associated with Medicaid expansion. We do not find evidence of changes on the other preconception health indicators examined. Our findings indicate that expanding Medicaid led to detectable improvements on a subset of preconception health measures.
Rings of Holomorphic and Meromorphic Functions on Subsets of Riemann Surfaces

Throughout this paper R and S will denote noncompact Riemann surfaces and X and Y will be non-empty subsets of R and S, respectively.
Hybrid Surgical and Endovascular Management of Ascending and Arch Dissection.

Historically, a variety of non–dissection proximal aortic pathologies with suitable anatomy have been treated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with high technical success rates. However, TEVAR use for acute type A aortic dissection has been extremely limited due to the unique challenging anatomic and clinical features and the lack of specifically-designed endoprostheses. These features include: proximity of the aortic valve, coronary arteries, and supra-aortic vessels, related aortic insufficiency, diffusely dilated aorta diameter, entry tear extension into the aortic root and/or aortic arch, the dissection involvement of supra-aortic vessels, high degrees of ascending aortic curvature and notable length discrepancies between the greater and lesser curvatures, and tissue fragility at prosthesis-tissue transition zones. Additionally, the presence of patent coronary artery bypass grafting conduits on the ascending aorta is another factor precluding endovascular options and hybrid surgical and endovascular approaches may be considered. In contrast, early feasibility clinical trials of investigational devices specifically designed to treat type A aortic dissections have been currently underway. In our opinion, the location and extent of intimal tears are quite variable and only a minority of patients with type A aortic dissection are deemed suitable candidates for ascending TEVAR. On the contrary, combined application of aortic arch endograft, as demonstrated in the present report, likely increases TEVAR candidacy as well as procedural success rates.
Design of English Listening Simulation Teaching System Based on Cloud Computing

In the design of traditional analog teaching system, the design is usually based on the Moodle framework, which requires a lot of calculations, which makes the host computer occupancy rate of the teaching system higher. Therefore, this research designed a new English listening simulation teaching system based on cloud computing. In the hardware, the PC host is removed and the RS484 converter is added to perform serial port control conversion. In the software program, first use the cloud computing service framework to construct the system framework, and draw up the connection process of the system server. Set up ordinary nodes and super nodes with different functions on the system nodes, and then establish the user’s collaborative filtering operation and the collaborative filtering operation of the teaching item, and thus complete the design of the teaching system. In order to verify the effectiveness of the above-mentioned teaching system, a simulation test experiment is designed. The English listening course resources of a school are imported into the system, and the performance of the teaching system is tested. The test results show that the host occupancy rate of the teaching system is low, which meets the original intention of the design.
The impact of multiple stressful life events on posttraumatic growth in adolescence.

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic growth (PTG) has been primarily recognized as a result of experiencing a single life crisis. The current study investigated how PTG may be attributed to experiences of a multitude of highly stressful life events, and how PTG is correlated with PTSD symptoms, the severity of the event, and the total number of childhood traumas experienced. METHOD Adolescents (N = 139) participated in a survey that assessed six major life events of childhood trauma and rated the severity of each event, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and PTG. RESULTS The majority of adolescents attributed their PTG experiences to one event, despite experiencing multiple traumas. However, experiencing more events was associated with greater PTSS and some forms of PTG such as changed priorities, increased self-reliance, and establishing a new path in life. Results from regression analyses also showed that trauma severity and PTSS were linearly correlated with PTG, and thus, a curvilinear relationship was not identified. CONCLUSIONS Cumulative traumatic events may lead to increases in a sense of personal growth, while also increasing distress, in nonclinical adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Diversity, Group Behavior, and Performance of Short Duration Ad Hoc Virtual Teams: Findings from a Laboratory Experiment

The purpose of this research is to examine whether the team diversity and psychological factors (such as, trust and motivation) can influence performance of short-duration, ad-hoc virtual teams engaged in problem solving tasks. We focus on the diversities of the members of virtual teams across national culture, educational specialization, and collaboration technology proficiency. A laboratory experiment was conducted involving virtual teams that were engaged in data model design. The results indicate that educational specialization diversity affects trust and motivation in the virtual teams. We also find that both trust and collaboration technology proficiency diversity influence performance of the virtual teams. The findings of the study highlight the importance of diversity and psychological factors in shaping the performance of shortduration virtual teams.
An Introduction to Stochastic Differential Equations

This book provides a quick, but very readable introduction to stochastic differential equations-that is, to differential equations subject to additive "white noise" and related random disturbances. The exposition is strongly focused upon the interplay between probabilistic intuition and mathematical rigour. Topics include a quick survey of measure theoretic probability theory, followed by an introduction to Brownian motion and the Ito stochastic calculus, and finally the theory of stochastic differential equations. The text also includes applications to partial differential equations, optimal stopping problems and options pricing. <br This book can be used as a text for senior undergraduates or beginning graduate students in mathematics, applied mathematics, physics, financial mathematics, etc., who want to learn the basics of stochastic differential equations. The reader is assumed to be fairly familiar with measure theoretic mathematical analysis, but is not assumed to have any particular knowledge of probability theory (which is rapidly developed in Chapter 2 of the book).
The essential JIL-1 kinase regulates histone H3 phosphorylation and maintains chromatin structure in Drosophila

vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 DISSERTATION ORGANIZATION 1 BACKGROUND 2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE 3 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION 7 ATP-DEPENDENT CHROMATIN REMODELING 12 HISTONE MODIFICATION 14 DOSAGE COMPENSATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER 18 CHAPTER 3. THE JIL-1 TANDEM KINASE MEDIATES HISTONE H3 PHOSPHORYLATION AND IS REQUIRED FOR MAINTENANCE OF CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IN DROSOPHILA 24 SUMMARY 24 INTRODUCTION 24 RESULTS 27 DISCUSSION 34 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 37 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 41 REFERENCES 41 FIGURE LEGENDS 46 TABLES AND FIGURES 50 CHAPTER 4. GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC ANALYSIS OF ALLELES OF THE DROSOPHILA CHROMOSOMAL JIL-1 KINASE REVEALS A FUNC­ TIONAL REQUIREMENT AT MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES 57 ABSTRACT 57 INTRODUCTION 58 MATERIALS AND METHODS 59 RESULTS 63
Mechanical Preparation of Gd3Ga5012 and Various Electronic Materials by Vibratory Polishing Techniques

The use of gadolinium gallium garnet - Gd2Ga5012 “GGG”- single-crystal wafers as substrates for epitaxial thin films requires the preparation of surfaces that are flat, free of scratches and pits, and with minimal residual surface strain. These requirements must be achieved both for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and liquid phase epitaxial (LPE) deposition of rare-earth magnetic oxides. The procedure described in this paper is basic to the preparation of many types of electronics materials, including ceramic oxide crystals and semiconductors. GGG was selected as an example due to its intermediate hardness and the current interest in the material for magnetic bubble-domain memory devices.
Improving a parallel algorithm through a visual display

The RTZ algorithm reduces a real matrix by a sequence of orthogonal transformations to a Real Schur Form [13]. In this paper we present a parallel implementation of the RTZ algorithm. We tested our code with a visual display of a real matrix as it got reduced to a block triangular matrix. The display helped us to understand and correct some of the problems in the implementation of our algorithm.
Introduction of a tryptophan reporter group into loop 1 of the recA protein. Examination of the conformational states of the recA-ssDNA complex by fluorescence spectroscopy.

Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace His-163 in the Loop 1 region of the recA protein with a tryptophan residue. The [H163W]recA protein binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), catalyzes ssDNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis, and is fully active in the three-strand exchange reaction. In addition, the fluorescence properties of the Trp-163 reporter group are very sensitive to the binding of nucleotide cofactors to the H163W]recA-ssDNA complex. The fluorescence of Trp-163 is modestly quenched by the binding of ADP (21%) and strongly quenched by the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog, ATP gamma S (70%); since ADP and ATP gamma S stabilize the closed and open conformations of the recA-ssDNA complex, respectively, the quenched states observed with these nucleotides likely reflect differences in the fluorescence properties of tryptophan 163 in these two states. ATP has a more complex time-dependent effect on Trp-163 fluorescence. When ATP is added to [H163W]recA-ssDNA complexes, there is an immediate quenching of Trp-163 fluorescence (44%) which is intermediate in intensity between that observed with ADP and ATP gamma S. The ATP-induced quenching gradually decreases with time as the pool of ATP is converted to ADP by the ATP hydrolysis activity of the [H163W]recA protein. These results are discussed with regard to the nucleotide cofactor-dependent conformational transitions of the recA-ssDNA complex.
Arginaseless Neurospora: Genetics, Physiology, and Polyamine Synthesis

Four arginaseless mutants of Neurospora crassa have been isolated. All carry mutations which lie at a single locus, aga, on linkage group VIIR. A study of aga strains shows the arginase reaction to be the major, perhaps the only, route of arginine consumption in Neurospora other than protein synthesis. Ornithine-δ-transaminase, the second enzyme of the arginine catabolic pathway, is present and normally inducible by arginine in aga strains, and ornithine transcarbamylase, an enzyme of arginine synthesis, also has normal activity. Arginine inhibits the growth of aga strains. The inhibition can be reversed by spermidine, putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane), or ornithine. The results suggest that ornithine is the major source of the putrescine moiety of polyamines in Neurospora, and that putrescine is an essential growth factor for this organism. The inhibition of aga strains by arginine can be attributed to feedback inhibition of ornithine synthesis by arginine, combined with the complete lack of ornithine normally provided by the arginase reaction.
Indirect Adaptive Control

This chapter presents two typical designs (and their analysis) or indirect adaptive control schemes: indirect model reference adaptive control and indirect adaptive pole placement control in both continuous and discrete time. Examples are used to illustrate the design procedures and analysis methods. For indirect model reference adaptive control in continuous or discrete time, a concise closed-loop error model is derived based on which the proof of signal boundedness and asymptotic output tracking is formed in a feedback and small-gain setting similar to that for the direct model reference adaptive control scheme of Chapters 5 and 6. For indirect adaptive pole placement control, a singularity problem is addressed, and closed-loop stability and output tracking are analyzed in a unified framework for both continuous and discrete time. As a comparison, a direct adaptive pole placement control scheme is presented and discussed for its potential to avoid the singularity problem.
Controlling the Lead Paint Debate: Why Control is not an Element of Public Nuisance

This Note addresses the inconsistent approach to common law public nuisance claims that is ongoing in courts across the country. Currently, courts are divided over whether control of the instrumentality causing a nuisance is an element of a public nuisance claim against product manufacturers. This Note argues that control is not, and has never been, properly considered a separate element that a plaintiff must prove in a public nuisance case. Rather, it should be considered only a single factor in the proximate cause analysis. Thus, courts that profess to adopt common law public nuisance as reflected in the Restatement do not remain faithful to the tort when they impose the control element.
The future of technology and education: Where are we heading?

Technology is shared minds made visible. It connects people through time and across distances. Our shared past is divided into five periods which are based on the intellectual puzzles that have dominated our collective minds in terms of communication. These puzzles are discussed by focusing on how they have been transformed by technology in the past and will continue to be transformed by technology in the future. The 21st Century will be the Age of Communities because of the rapid expansion of what is possible in terms of shared values, goals and actions by people who can communicate over time and distances in ways not previously conceived. The four C’s for the future of education are: Community, Collaboration, Curriculum, and Creativity. Each of these is used to organise a discussion of where we are heading in education during the Age of Communities.
The Neisseria gonorrhoeae Obg protein is an essential ribosome-associated GTPase and a potential drug target

Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) is a Gram-negative pathogen that most commonly infects mucosal surfaces, causing sexually transmitted urethritis in men and endocervicitis in women. Serious complications associated with these infections are frequent and include pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility. The incidence of gonorrhea cases remains high globally while antibiotic treatment options, the sole counter measures against gonorrhea, are declining due to the remarkable ability of GC to acquire resistance. Evaluating of potential drug targets is essential to provide opportunities for developing antimicrobials with new mechanisms of action. We propose the GC Obg protein, belonging to the Obg/CgtA GTPase subfamily, as a potential target for the development of therapeutic interventions against gonorrhea, and in this study perform its initial functional and biochemical characterization.
Distribution of Natural and Added Copper and Iron in Milk

Summary A radioactive tracer was used to determine the distribution of copper in milk. For comparison, the distribution of radioactive iron also was determined. The method can readily distinguish the sources (natural or added) of copper or iron. Marked differences were observed in the distribution of natural and added copper. Naturally occurring copper was concentrated ( ca. 10–35% of the copper) at the surface of the fat globules; whereas, most of the added copper was uniformly associated with the skimmilk proteins. Only 2–3% of the total added copper was associated with the fat globules. Natural and added copper in association with the fat globules were recovered with the fat globule membrane proteins. The distribution of natural iron, like natural copper, favored the fat globules, but none of the added iron became associated with the fat globules. Natural iron not associated with the fat globules was more concentrated with the whey proteins than with casein. Natural copper and iron were not dialyzable. Added copper and iron in the skimmilk were slightly dialyzable, and the amount of unbound metal increased as pH was decreased to 3.0. Added copper associated with fat globules was not dialyzable.
Ionic coupling and mitotic synchrony of siblings in a Drosophila cell line.

Abstract Following mitosis in many cell lines, siblings remain adjoined in dyads until further cell division. We report here a series of experiments designed to ascertain the nature of this apposition in the embryonic Kc cell line of Drosophila melanogaster . We have found that (1) cell division in siblings is highly synchronized when compared to that in nonsiblings; (2) siblings in dyads are dye coupled with respect to Lucifer Yellow, but intercellular diffusion of larger molecules (FITC-dextran at 6 and 24 kDa) is retarded; (3) siblings are electrically coupled by an ungated, low-resistance intercellular connection which is resistant to treatment with octanol and CO 2 , both known to close gap junction channels; and (4) members of a dyad are joined by a cytoplasmic bridge. Structures resembling septate junctions are also found between siblings and between cells in aggregates. The evidence accumulated here suggests that cytokinesis in Kc dyads is incomplete, resulting in an intercellular pathway that may provide for the passage of a molecular or electrical signal that regulates subsequent mitosis.
An interferometric and finite element investigation of interfacial crack tip fields: Role of mode-mixity on 3-D stress variations

Abstract The elasto-optic effects are mapped as ( σ x + σ y ) contours near interfacial cracks in polymer-metal bimaterials using Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The stress fields are investigated when the crack planes are subjected to dominant tensile stresses and pure shear stresses. The optical measurements are examined in conjunction with companion finite element simulations for estimating the regions of dominant three dimensional stress variations near cracks. Results suggest that in the domain ( x , y > 0) the size of the region of dominant three dimensional effects is significantly smaller for the case of pure shear (for both positive and negative shears) when compared to the tensile stress dominated case for oscillation index e > 0. The optical data analyzed by incorporating these observations improve the accuracy of crack tip parameter estimation.