cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching NoSQL Databases to Undergraduate Students: A Novel Approach

An increase in data tracking by organizations has created a need for systems that can handle a variety of data models at scale. NoSQL databases and Polyglot persistence - the industry's preferred solution to modern data problems is not covered in sufficient detail, if covered at all in the undergraduate curriculum. The paper reports on our experience of introducing NoSQL paradigms using a four-tiered learning model to undergraduate students over the last two years. We believe that our methodology exposes these new ideas in an approachable manner and would provide a great starting point for other programs interested in teaching modern database paradigms and distributed data modeling and processing.
Changes in Cementation of Reef Building Oysters Transitioning from Larvae to Adults

Oysters construct extensive reef communities, providing food, protection from storms, and healthy coastlines. We still do not have a clear picture of how these animals attach to surfaces. Efforts described herein provide the first examination of adhesion at the transition from free swimming larvae to initial substrate attachment, through metamorphosis, and on to adulthood. Two different bonding systems were found to coexist. Larvae use an organic, hydrated glue that persists while the animal progresses into the juvenile phase, at which point a very different adhesive emerges. Juveniles bond with an organic–inorganic composite system, positioning the organic component for maximum adhesion by residing between the animal and substrate. Beyond understanding our marine environment, these insights may aid efforts in aquaculture, reef restoration, and adhesive design.
Plasminogen Activation and Astroglial-Induced Neural Microvessel Morphogenesis

There are a number of documented and potential influences that perivascular astrocytic cells have on microvascular cells within the central nervous system. The primary experimental focus in this area has been upon the induction, maintenance and regulation by astrocytes of the blood-brain barrier endothelial phenotype (6,20,23). This is a result of the fact that the expression of blood-brain barrier properties most easily distinguishes central nervous system endothelial cells from endothelial cells in peripheral organs. It is likely, however, that astrocytes influence endothelial cells in ways not directly related to blood-brain barrier expression as used in its strictest sense. This paper will focus on the effects of astrocytes and astroglial cells on microvessel morphogenesis. Defining how perivascular astroglia influence microvessel growth and endothelial expression of the tubular phenotype is important to our understanding of the microvascular response to trauma, ischemia and neoplasia within the central nervous system.
Selective stimulation of rat sciatic nerve using an array of mm-size magnetic coils: a simulation study

This work proposes and computationally investigate the use of magnetic neural stimulation as an alternative to electrical stimulation to achieve selective activation of rat sciatic nerve. In particular, they assess the effectiveness of an array of small coils to obtain selective neural stimulation, as compared to a single coil. Specifically, an array of four mm-sized coils is used to stimulate rat sciatic nerve, targeting the regions of fascicles that are associated with different muscles of the leg. To evaluate the selectivity of activation, a three-dimensional heterogeneous multi-resolution nerve model is implemented using the impedance method for the computation of the magnetic and electric fields in the nerve. The performance metric ‘selectivity index’ is defined that measures the recruitment of the targeted region compared to other non-targeted regions of the nerve. The selectivity index takes values between −1 (least selective) and 1 (most selective). For each targeted region, a selectivity index of 0.75 or better is predicted for the proposed array configuration. The results suggest that an array of coils can provide superior spatial control of the electric field induced in the neural tissue compared to traditional extraneural electrode arrays, thus opening the possibility to applications where selective neurostimulation is of interest.
Predictive Control for NO x Emission Reductions in Diesel Engine Vehicle Platoon Application

This paper presents a predictive control design for diesel vehicle platoons, such as medium- and heavy-duty truck platoons, to achieve lower NOx emissions. By incorporating vehicle longitudinal dynamics control and powertrain estimation with aftertreatment system control, an enhanced emission performance can be attained for the entire platoon considering different operating conditions for individual vehicles. The proposed method utilizes exhaust gas predictive information within a preview horizon to generate optimal control actions such that the tradeoff between NOx reduction efficiency and NH3 slip in the aftertreatment systems can be well-managed. Performance improvement is demonstrated through simulation studies based on an experimental validated powertrain and aftertreatment system model.
Genetic algorithm to select a set of closure relationships in multiphase flow models

Abstract Mechanistic modeling is one of the most popular approaches for the prediction of flow pattern, pressure gradient and liquid holdup in multiphase flow problems. Mechanistic models utilize the mass and momentum conservative equations in combination with a set of closure relationships. These closures, which are developed based on specific experimental setups, considerably affect the performance of the mechanistic models. Moreover, new closure relationships continue to be developed to improve the current mechanistic models. Thus, there is a need for a tool that allows the selection of a set of closure relationships for a given set of conditions. In this direction, this paper presents a methodology that relies on a genetic algorithm to search and select a set of closure relationships for a given experimental (field data) that minimize the error between measured and predicted pressure gradient. The results show the applying the genetic algorithm can improve the performance of the mechanistic model by about 277% when compared to selections of closure relationships made by a subject matter expert for the given data set.
Engaged in gauge theory

Two independent cold-atom experiments have demonstrated the building blocks for the quantum simulation of dynamical gauge fields — an advance that holds promise for our understanding of computationally intractable problems in high-energy physics.
Defining the threshold surgeon volume associated with improved patient outcomes for carotid endarterectomy.

Abstract Objective The outcomes for common vascular operations, such as carotid endarterectomy (CEA), are associated with surgeon volume. However, the number of operations associated with an improved stroke or death rate for CEA is not known. The objective of the current study was to define the annual surgeon volume of CEAs that is associated with a lower risk of stroke or death rate. Methods The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was analyzed to identify patients undergoing CEA between 2003 and 2009. Annual surgeon volume was correlated with a composite end point of in-hospital stroke or death. Mixed linear regression analyses were conducted to determine if annual surgeon volume of CEAs is independent predictor of the composite outcome. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed from the regression models and used to calculate the Youden Index, which defined the optimal cutoff point of annual surgeon volume of CEAs in predicting in-hospital stroke and death. This cutoff point was further assessed using Chi square analyses to determine whether incremental increases in the annual volume of CEAs were associated with a lower in-hospital stroke or death rate. Results A total of 104,918 CEA cases with surgeon identifiers were included in the analysis. The crude in-hospital stroke or death rate for CEA was 1.26 %. As expected, the stroke or death rate after CEA was higher for symptomatic patients, compared to asymptomatic patients (6.46 % vs 0.72%; P Conclusions Higher surgeon volume is associated with improved outcomes for CEAs performed in patients with asymptomatic carotid disease, but not for symptomatic carotid disease. For asymptomatic carotid disease, the probability of stroke or death was no longer reduced significantly at cutoff points of 20 or more CEAs per year. There are a number of other variables that may impact the clinical outcomes for CEA, so it is premature at this time to restrict privileges based on surgeon volume criteria.
Album Review: Angélique Kidjo, Celia (Decca Records France, 2019)

The Beninese singer and songwriter Angelique Kidjo knows that to cover a song is to make both music and an argument, and her 2018 release Remain in Light puts this fact to good use. Track by track, the record reimagines the celebrated 1980 album of the same name by New York post-punk eminences
FlexAmata: A Universal and Efficient Adaption of Applications to Spatial Automata Processing Accelerators

Pattern matching, especially for complex patterns with many variations, is an important task in many big-data applications and maps well to finite automata. Recently, a variety of research has focused on hardware acceleration of automata processing, especially via spatial architectures that directly map the patterns to massively parallel hardware elements, such as in FPGAs and in-memory solutions. We observed that all existing automata-acceleration architectures are designed based on fixed, 8-bit symbol processing, derived from ASCII processing. However, the alphabet size in pattern-matching applications varies from just a few up to billions of unique symbols. This makes it difficult to provide a universal and efficient mapping of this wide variety of automata applications to existing automata accelerators. In this paper, we present FlexAmata, a compiler solution for efficient adaption of applications with any alphabet size to existing pattern-matching accelerators. We demonstrate that this can increase automata processing efficiency in two ways. First, this improves resource utilization for applications with small alphabets and enables hardware acceleration for applications with very large alphabets (which otherwise would not map to hardware accelerators). Second, this enables the exploration of optimized bitwidth processing for future spatial hardware accelerators. We leverage FlexAmata and investigate the hardware implications of different bitwidth processing rates on the two state-of-the-art spatial accelerators, Cache Automaton (CA) and FPGAs. Our exploration across a wide range of automata benchmarks reveals that 4-bit processing rate on CA and 16-bit processing rate on FPGAs results in higher performance than the default 8-bit processing rate in these existing approaches.
A Case Series of Guillain-Barré Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection in New York.

While much is known about the respiratory complications of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a wider spectrum of neurologic manifestations are beginning to be observed.1 We report 2 patients who presented to our hospital in New York, an epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Challenges of Treating Female Soccer Players With ACL Injuries: Hamstring Versus Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft.

Background:Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in female soccer players, the optimal graft option for ACL reconstruction is currently unclear.Purpose/Hypothesis:To compare...
Direct Action and Expediency: The Killing of Qassem SoleimanI

This article examines the notion of national security decisions by the U.S. and its allies over the with a notion of expediency complicating intelligence, legal, and operational decision-making: was killing General Soleimani a legitimate military objective? In conclusion, the author offers a past-is-prologue commentary on how and why expediency can and should be avoided in future national security decision-making.
Water levels primarily drive variation in photosynthesis and nutrient use of scrub Red Mangroves in the southeastern Florida Everglades

We investigated how differences in mangrove island micro-elevation (i.e., habitat, center vs. edge) affect tree physiology in a scrub mangrove forests of the southeastern Everglades. We measured leaf gas exchange rates of scrub Rhizophora mangle trees monthly during 2019, hypothesizing that CO2 assimilation (Anet) and stomatal conductance (gsw) would decline with increases in water level and salinity, with larger differences at mangrove islands edges than centers, where inundation and salt stress are greatest. Water levels relative to the soil surface varied between 0 and 60 cm, rising during the wet season (May-October) relative to the dry season (November-April). Porewater salinity ranged from 15 to 30 ppt, being higher at mangrove island edges compared to centers. Anet maximized at 15.1 μmol m-2 s-1, and gsw was typically
A hymenopteran odorant alerts flies to bury eggs

Ants are ubiquitous and consume insects at all life stages, presumably creating a strong selective pressure for ant avoidance behaviors across insects. The insect egg stage can be especially defenseless against predation given that eggs are usually immobile and unguarded, suggesting insect mothers may have evolved oviposition strategies to minimize the ant predation risk to their offspring. Given the lack of parental care in most insects, these oviposition strategies would likely be innate rather than learned, since insect mothers are not usually present to assess predation of their eggs. Here, we use the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model system for examining parental defensive responses to ant presence. Flies usually lay eggs partially inserted into the food substrate, although some are laid on top of the food and a few are inserted deeply into the food. We found that exposure to ants significantly alters fly oviposition depth: the proportion of eggs on the food surface decreased while the proportion of buried eggs increased. Buried eggs survive ant foraging bouts better than surface eggs, showing that this oviposition depth behavior is adaptive. This induced behavior is conserved across the genus Drosophila and is dependent on the fly olfactory system: anosmic mutant flies fail to bury their eggs in the presence of ants, and ant odor extracts are sufficient to induce egg burying. By fractionating ant body washes and using GC-MS to identify fraction constituents, we identified the saturated, long-chain alcohol 1-octadecanol as the odorant flies use to sense ant presence. To further delineate the ant lineages to which flies respond, we exposed flies to the odors from numerous species of ants and other insects. Surprisingly, flies buried their eggs in response to the odors of nearly all hymenopterans tested, including hymenopteran groups that flies rarely interact with in nature like bees and paper wasps. Our data suggest that 1-octadecanol is a conserved and ancient hymenopteran odorant, and that drosophilids evolved a mechanism for sensing this odorant early in their evolution as a means of protecting their offspring from ant predation. This study sheds light on the ecology and mechanisms underlying a common biotic interaction in nature, that between insect parents and the ants that would consume their offspring.
EOMXCC: A New Coupled-Cluster Method for Electronic Excited States

Abstract A new coupled-cluster (CC) theory for electronically excited, electron-attached, and ionized states of molecular systems, which takes advantages of the similarity transformation of the Hamiltonian, the equation of motion (EOM) CC method, and the expectation value CC (XCC) approach, is proposed and analyzed. The new method, which we refer to as the EOMXCC theory, is based on diagonalization of the doubly transformed Hamiltonian H ¯ ¯ = e T † H ¯ e − T † , where T represents the cluster operator and H ¯ = e − T H e T is the EOMCC Hamiltonian. In order to preserve the simple, EOMCC-like, structure of the final equations, the T cluster operators describing the ground-state problem are determined by solving the XCC equations. The new method, which is formally a single-reference approach, offers a number of advantages, which are discussed in detail. One of the important features of the EOMXCC formalism is that it seems to be capable of describing contributions from the connected triexcited clusters, which normally enter the doubles-singles block of the EOMCCSDT (EOMCC singles, doubles, and triples) eigenvalue problem, at the EOMXCCSD (EOMXCC singles and doubles) level of approximation. This finding may eventually lead to a new hierarchy of approximations, which should be capable of improving the results for the low-lying excited states dominated by double excitations from the reference, where inclusion of triples in the EOMCC scheme is essential, without using the expensive steps of the EOMCCSDT theory. The EOMXCC method is general and applies to all types of references, including RHF, UHF, and ROHF determinants. It also applies to all sectors of the Fock space. A few approximate EOMXCC schemes are considered in detail. The final equations of the EOMXCCSD theory are presented in a factorized form using recursively generated intermediates. It is demonstrated that the EOMXCC method can be viewed as a Hermitized EOMCC theory, which is capable of describing the corrections from important highorder clusters at a lower level of approximation. Along with the EOMXCC method, we discuss the possibility of generalization of the extended CC(ECC) approach to excited states. The proposed EOMECC theory uses the doubly transformed Hamiltonian H ¯ ¯ Σ = e Σ H ¯ e − Σ , where the operators T and Σ satisfy the ECC stationary conditions. The use of two independent operators T and Σ makes the EOMECC formalism even more flexible than EOMXCC, leads to a more symmetric treatment of the left- and right-hand eigenvalue problems, and to a completely exponential treatment of the left ground-state problem.
Cement Production and Sustainable Rural Farming Livelihood in Nigeria: Striking a Sensible Balance Through Environmental Legislation and Enforcement

This paper undertook the damage valuation of cement production induced air pollution on rural farming livelihood, assessed the impact on farmers’ profitability as well as investigating the corporate social responsibility investment of the cement companies in the producing host communities in Nigeria. It then examined how legislation and enforcement can be made to strike a sensible balance between the environmental damage enabled by cement pollution and ensuring a sustainable farming livelihood. A two stage simple random sampling procedure was adopted for the paper to select a total of 120 respondents in the target and control areas. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Dichotomous–Choice Contingent Valuation Method (DC- CVM) that terminated into the logit model and the budgetary analysis. The total Willingness-To-Pay (WTP)/annum to avert the negative externalities on the host communities’ farming livelihood was N3.21 billion. The profitability in farming in the target cement producing area with respect to the net farm income and the rate of return to capital investment were lower in the target as compared to the control area. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) investments of the cement producing companies were small compared to the profits realized by them. The proportions of the CSR investments with respect to the company’s profits were between 0.4% and 1.6% for the five years considered in the paper. Efforts have been made by the government to enact laws, regulations and standards to ensure environmentally sound and sustainable environment though the institution initially put in place to implement them was not given legal powers of enforcement. Things are however changing with the establishment of another with such powers. It is only by such proper implementation, a sensible balance can be struck between uncontrolled cement dust pollution associated with excess profits to the cement producers and sustainable farming livelihood guarantee with enhanced corporate social responsibility ensured to the host communities. Keywords: Environmental damage, pollution, valuation, corporate social responsibility, livelihood, legislation, enforcement.
Multiphasic diagnostic evaluationof arteriogenic, venogenic, and sinusoidogenic impotency

Abstract Fifty patients with a mean age of fifty-five years (range 25 to 75years) in whom vasculogenic impotency was suspected clinically were evaluated to determine the type of vascular lesion involved: arterial insufficiency, venous leak, or sinusoidal dysfunction. All patients underwent first, noninvasive diagnostic tests including penile brachial index, penile brachial subtraction index, and penile plethysmogram, followed by penile duplex ultrasonography with papaverine and phentolamine injection. Patients with abnormal ultrasonography were divided into two groups: One group with suspected sinusoidal dysfunction and those with either arteriogenic or venogenic insufficiency but not considered candidates for surgery; they were not subjected to further studies. Another group with suspected proximal arteriogenic lesions and those with suspected venous leakage considered candidates for surgical correction were subjected to angiography and cavernosometry-cavernosography, respectively. The findings of the noninvasive tests were compared with those provided by the invasive tests. The results indicated that noninvasive tests can predict whether or not impotency is arteriogenic in approximately 90 percent of cases. The non-invasive tests, however, were less accurate in predicting venogenic and sinusoidogenic impotency, for which penile duplex ultrasonography seems to be the choice.
Heterogenicity of ornithine decarboxylase during mouse colon carcinogenesis and in human colon tumors.

Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was separated, using diethylaminoethyl ion-exchange chromatography, into multiple peaks of activity. We investigated the isoforms of ODC during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis and in human colon tumors. ODC in both mouse and human normal-appearing colonic mucosa was consistently separated into two active peaks by diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography. The major peak (Peak I) contained about 75% of the mouse and 72% of the human colonic mucosal ODC activity. During and after 10 weekly injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg, i.p.), colonic ODC activity was significantly enhanced with induction of both peaks but with a more significant increase in Peak II. ODC activity in both 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced and human colon tumors was significantly higher compared with the normal colon mucosa. The chromatographic profile of tumors showed the predominance of the second peak. Furthermore, the chromatographic profile of ODC after alkaline phosphatase treatment yielded an elution of only one peak coincident with the Peak I and the disappearance of Peak II. The second peak of ODC (the phosphorylated form) may be a specific isoform associated with colon tumorigenesis and tumor growth.
The existence of Ginzburg-Landau solutions on the plane by a direct variational method

Abstract This paper studies the existence and the minimization problem of the solutions of the Ginzburg-Landau equations in R2 coupled with an external magnetic field or a source current. The lack of a suitable Sobolev inequality makes it necessary to consider a variational problem over a special admissible space so that the space norms of the gauge vector fields of a minimization sequence can be controlled by the corresponding energy upper bound and a solution may be obtained as a minimizer of a modified energy of the problem. Asymptotic properties and flux quantization are established for finite-energy solutions. Besides, it is shown that the solutions obtained also minimize the original Ginzburg-Landau energy when the admissible space is properly chosen.
Generating Example Contexts to Illustrate a Target Word Sense

Learning a vocabulary word requires seeing it in multiple informative contexts. We describe a system to generate such contexts for a given word sense. Rather than attempt to do word sense disambiguation on example contexts already generated or selected from a corpus, we compile information about the word sense into the context generation process. To evaluate the sense-appropriateness of the generated contexts compared to WordNet examples, three human judges chose which word sense(s) fit each example, blind to its source and intended sense. On average, one judge rated the generated examples as sense-appropriate, compared to two judges for the WordNet examples. Although the system's precision was only half of WordNet's, its recall was actually higher than WordNet's, thanks to covering many senses for which WordNet lacks examples.
INNOVATION IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

In this paper%2C existing innovation models are reviewed. The influence of technology and market-driven schools of thought on the creation and diffusion of innovation is examined. Incremental vs. radical models and autonomous vs. systemic models are considered in the context of the construction industry. The concept of %93technology adoption life cycle%94 is investigated to understand better the acceptance of new technology by key parties. A new model of innovation is proposed. In this model%2C the transformation process of invention into adoption flows through a cyclical mechanism encompassing six phases%3A 1%29 need%2C 2%29 creation%2C 3%29 invention%2C 4%29 innovation%2C 5%29 diffusion%2C and 6%29 adoption. This model clearly shows the interaction of the three most influential domains%3A users%2C changes%2C and the environment. The model also takes into consideration the influence of technology and market-driven forces on the creation and diffusion of innovation. As a consequence of their particular function in the construction activity%2C construction management firms should perform as catalysts in the generation and diffusion of technological advances in the Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Innovation%2C+invention%2C+innovation+models%2C+technology+adoption+life+cycle%2C+construction+management.+
Maintaining FORTRAN software by enforcing abstract data types

The principles of data abstraction facilitate maintenance and enhance software reliability. However, FORTRAN includes features that undermine data abstraction. A FORTRAN preprocessor called FAD enforces data abstraction when reusing FORTRAN-callable subprograms. Using FAD, reusable software is organized as the implementation of abstract data types (ADTs). FAD users access the reusable software by declarations and subprogram invocations based on the ADTs. The FAD preprocessor translates ADT references into FORTRAN code and prohibits inappropriate manipulation of ADT instances. With the FAD system, ADT implementations can be changed without changing FORTRAN code that uses the ADTs. A maintenance strategy using FAD facilitates detailed control of reusable software. >
Thermal conductivity of a two-dimensional phosphorene sheet: a comparative study with graphene

A recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) layered material phosphorene has attracted considerable interest as a promising p-type semiconducting material. In this work, thermal conductivity (κ) of monolayer phosphorene is calculated using large-scale classical non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations. The predicted thermal conductivities for infinite length armchair and zigzag phosphorene sheets are 63.6 and 110.7 W m(-1) K(-1) respectively. The strong anisotropic thermal transport is attributed to the distinct atomic structures at altered chiral directions and direction-dependent group velocities. Thermal conductivities of 2D graphene sheets with the same dimensions are also computed for comparison. The extrapolated κ of the 2D graphene sheet are 1008.5(+37.6)(-37.6) and 1086.9(+59.1)(-59.1) W m(-1) K(-1) in the armchair and zigzag directions, respectively, which are an order of magnitude higher than those of phosphorene. The overall and decomposed phonon density of states (PDOS) are calculated in both structures to elucidate their thermal conductivity differences. In comparison with graphene, the vibrational frequencies that can be excited in phosphorene are severely limited. The temperature effect on the thermal conductivity of phosphorene and graphene sheets is investigated, which reveals a monotonic decreasing trend for both structures.
Optically induced surface flashover switching for the dielectric wall accelerator

Fast, low jitter command triggered switching is key to the successful implementation of the dielectric wall accelerator (DWA). We are studying a UV induced vacuum surface flashover switch for this purpose. We present our initial data using a Nd:YAG (/spl lambda/=0.06 nm) laser incident onto a high gradient insulator surface at 1/spl omega/, 2/spl omega/, 3/spl omega/, and 4/spl omega/. Best 1/spl sigma/ jitter was <1 ns with no degradation of the switch after 500 shots.
Infection and Prematurity as the Cause of Linear Skin Atrophy, Alopecia, Anonychia, and Tongue Lesions?-Reply

In Reply.— Drs Sequeiros and Sack point out that a nongenetic intrauterine insult is the most likely cause of our findings. They also note that a number of laboratory studies suggest the possibility of intrauterine infection. Although we agree with Drs Sequeiros and Sack that an intrauterine infection may have produced the cutaneous and mucosal findings, cultures and serologic studies for specific agents were negative. Moreover, we were not able to find any reports in the literature of intrauterine infection associated with extensive supple reticulated scarring. Drs Sequeiros and Sack refer to the mucocutaneous findings as "linear skin atrophy," and then point out that "in all three patients, there seemed to be areas of thickening of the dermis or an increase in collagen density." In fact, the biopsy specimens in all three cases were remarkably normal, except for a paucity of adnexal structures. The presence of increased collagen is
Age-related interrelationships of blood pressure and arterial sterol accumulation in spontaneously atherosclerosis-susceptible and atherosclerosis-resistant pigeons

Abstract Interrelationships of arterial sterol accumulation and blood pressures were examined in age-matched White Carneau and Show Racer pigeons. It was found that the systolic blood pressure of White Carneaux changed from 155.0 mm Hg at nine months of age to 168.8 mm Hg at 17 months of age ( P P
The place of irradiation in the treatment of malignant tumors of the salivary glands

Summary 1. Radiation therapy is not indicated after surgical removal with adequate margins of low-grade tumor. 2. Radiation therapy is indicated with o a) Inadequate surgical margins in low-grade tumors b) All high-grade tumors c) All recurrent malignant tumors 3. Irradiation of nerve pathways is indicated with demonstrated nerve and perineural invasion and/or with adenoidcystic carcinoma. 4. Irradiation of the entire ipsilateral neck is indicated o a) With high-grade tumors unless radical neck dissection shows negative nodes b) In the place of radical neck dissection
ADOLESCENTS' SEXUAL INFERENCES ABOUT GIRLS WHO CONSUME ALCOHOL

The purpose of this study was to document whether adolescents make inferences regarding male and female vignette characters in terms of the characters' sexuality, social skills, impairment, and aggressiveness when the characters consume alcohol. A Web-based survey of 1,691 middle and high school students (grades 6–11) from diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds was conducted. The Dating Vignette and Subjective Perception Form (George, Gournic, & McAfee, 1988) were modified for use with an adolescent sample and embedded within the Web-based survey. There were significant interaction effects between the male and female characters' alcohol consumption in terms of the respondents' perception of the female character for all of the subscales examined (i.e., sexual disinhibition, social skills, impairment, and aggressiveness). In contrast, there were no significant interactions between the characters' drinking and the respondents' perception of the male character. Collectively, these findings suggest that adolescents' perceptions of girls are based not only on the girls' own drinking behaviors, but also their male partners' drinking behaviors.
Teaching about scientific dissent from neo-darwinism.

References 1 Scott, E.C. and Branch, G. (2003) Evolution: what’s wrong with ‘teaching the controversy’. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18, 499–502 2 Damman, C. et al. (2002) Discover Biology, Sinauer Associates 3 Audesirk, T. et al. (2003) Life on Earth, Pearson Education 4 Pruitt, N.L. et al. (2000) BioInquiry Learning System 1.0: Making Connections in Biology, John Wiley and Sons 5 National Research Council, (1996) National Science Education Standards, National Academy Press 6 Alters, B.J. and Nelson, C.E. (2002) Teaching evolution in higher education. Evolution 56, 1891–1901
The association of the infecting DNA of herpes simplex virus with cellular components.

Abstract We have used purified herpes simplex virus (HSV) containing radioactive DNA to investigate the fate of infecting viral DNA in HeLa cells. This infecting DNA becomes associated with one or more cellular proteins in a Pronase-phenol-sensitive complex with a buoyant density of 1.69 g/cm 3 in CsCl equilibrium density gradients. We have found that newly synthesized viral DNA is not found in such a complex in the infected cell. Admixture of purified viral DNA or radioactive virions with lysates of infected cell nuclei also does not result in complex formation. Finally, we have shown that the complex can be formed when actinomycin or cycloheximide is present from time of infection.
Comparison of ionospheric drift and magnetic deflections on the ground

Abstract Resolute Bay, Canada, with an almost vertical geomagnetic field and the associated simplicity of ionospheric current system, is an optimal location to determine the relationship between the ionospheric electric field and the magnetic deflections on the ground. Considering uniform current sheets in a plane geometry, the magnetic deflection direction on the ground is expected to be (1) the same as the ionospheric electric field direction for the Hall current only or (2) lag the electric field direction 0-to-90° in the clockwise sense looking down when the Pedersen current is included. However, our analysis of Resolute incoherent scatter radar and magnetometer data shows that the magnetic deflection angle is leading in a range 30–70° depending on the magnetic local time. Additional magnetometers at Thule and Cambridge Bay observatories were used to investigate the effect of auroral zone currents, however, a simple deconvolution using these stations did not change the results significantly. Furthermore, inclusion of the neutral winds only slightly changed the offset angle. We conclude that a sunward magnetic contribution on the order of 50 nT caused by magnetospheric currents is needed to explain the offset.
Varices of the bronchial veins as a source of hemoptysis in mitral stenosis

Abstract 1. 1. A method for injecting the bronchial veins is described. 2. 2. This method indicates the presence of direct venous connections between the bronchial and pulmonary veins in men of all ages. 3. 3. Mitral stenosis causes dilatation of the bronchial veins in the submucosa of the larger bronchi as a result of the establishment of a collateral flow through them. 4. 4. In cases of mitral stenosis in which infarction and acute pulmonary edema are not present, hemoptysis is probably due to bleeding from these dilated veins. 5. 5. Age, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis do not affect the bronchial venous bed, but some dilatation occurs in chronic congestive heart failure of long standing, although the only lesion of the mitral valve may be dilatation of the valve ring.
The 1983 C.H. McCloy Research Lecture Appetite and Body Composition Consequent to Physical Activity

Abstract Body composition has become a major field of interest for many exercise and sport scientists as well as clinicians who specialize in the prevention of and rehabilitation from hypokinetic diseases. This review article discusses the state of the art within selected areas of body composition, including the following: exercise in appetite regulation, the use of body density to estimate relative body fat in selected populations, the use of anthropometric equations to estimate body composition, and alterations in body composition with exercise training. It was concluded that acute bouts of exercise may have short term anorexigenic effects, but that alterations in appetite with extended periods of training are less clearly defined. Exercise training does result in modest decreases in total and fat weight and in relative body fat, and small increases in lean body weight. However, these alterations are not substantial. Finally, major research efforts are needed to improve methodology in body composition a...
Nucleolar Arf Tumor Suppressor Inhibits Ribosomal RNA Processing

The p19(Arf) tumor suppressor, a nucleolar protein, binds to Mdm2 to induce p53-dependent cell cycle arrest. Arf also prevents the proliferation of cells lacking Mdm2 and p53, albeit less efficiently. We show that p19(Arf) inhibits production of ribosomal RNA, retarding processing of 47/45S and 32S precursors. These effects correlate with but do not strictly depend upon inhibition of rRNA biosynthesis or cell cycle arrest, are not mimicked by p53, and require neither p53 nor Mdm2. Arf mutants lacking conserved amino acid residues 2-14 do not block rRNA synthesis and processing or inhibit cell proliferation. Evolution may have linked a primordial nucleolar Arf function to Mdm2 and p53, creating a more efficient checkpoint-signaling pathway for coordinating ribosomal biogenesis and cell cycle progression.
Purification of the egg-white inhibitor of influenza virus hemagglutination by filtration.

SummaryA simple method is described for the purification of the egg-white inhibitor of influenza virus hemagglutination by filtration of diluted egg-white through rapid-flow filter papers and extraction of the unfilterable residue. The inhibitor has been purified about 80-fold in this way. The method has proved useful also for the further purification of acid-purified inhibitor. The advantages and disadvantages of the new method are discussed in relation to those of other methods.
The significance of age changes in human alveolar mucosa and bone.

Summary The denture-bearing mucosa of aged maxillary and mandibular ridges show morphologic changes that are irreversible. These changes limit the extensibility and the rebound capacity of the denture-bearing area.
The forward premium anomaly is not as bad as you think

Abstract The forward premium anomaly refers to the widespread empirical finding that the slope coefficient in the regression of the change in the logarithm of the spot exchange rate on the forward premium is invariably less than unity, and often negative. This “anomaly” implies the apparent predictability of excess returns over uncovered interest rate parity (UIP), and is conventionally viewed as evidence of a biased forward rate and/or of evidence of a time-varying risk premium. This paper presents a stylized model that imposes UIP and allows the daily spot exchange rate to possess very persistent volatility. The model is calibrated around realistic parameter values for daily returns and the slope coefficient estimates in the anomalous regressions with monthly data are found to be centered around unity, but are very widely dispersed, and converge to the true value of unity at a very slow rate. This theoretical evidence is shown to be consistent with the empirical findings for the monthly sample sizes typically employed in the literature. Hence, the celebrated unbiasedness regression does not appear to provide as much evidence as previously supposed concerning the possible bias of the forward rate.
PRIC320, a transcription coactivator, isolated from peroxisome proliferator-binding protein complex

Ciprofibrate, a potent peroxisome proliferator, induces pleiotropic responses in liver by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), a nuclear receptor. Transcriptional regulation by liganded nuclear receptors involves the participation of coregulators that form multiprotein complexes possibly to achieve cell and gene specific transcription. SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses of ciprofibrate-binding proteins from liver nuclear extracts obtained using ciprofibrate-Sepharose affinity matrix resulted in the identification of a new high molecular weight nuclear receptor coactivator, which we designated PRIC320. The full-length human cDNA encoding this protein has an open-reading frame that codes for a 320kDa protein containing 2882 amino acids. PRIC320 contains five LXXLL signature motifs that mediate interaction with nuclear receptors. PRIC320 binds avidly to nuclear receptors PPARalpha, CAR, ERalpha, and RXR, but only minimally with PPARgamma. PRIC320 also interacts with transcription cofactors CBP, PRIP, and PBP. Immunoprecipitation-immunoblotting as well as cellular localization studies confirmed the interaction between PPARalpha and PRIC320. PRIC320 acts as a transcription coactivator by stimulating PPARalpha-mediated transcription. We conclude that ciprofibrate, a PPARalpha ligand, binds a multiprotein complex and PRIC320 cloned from this complex functions as a nuclear receptor coactivator.
Geometry Modeling and Control by Infrared and Laser Sensing in Thermal Manufacturing with Material Deposition

A lumped-parameter, analytical model of material and thermal transfer is established in this paper for metal deposition by a moving, concentrated source, This is a dynamic description of the distinct width, height, length, and temperature of the ellipsoidal molten puddle, expressed with respect to the torch power, material feed and angle, and the source motion. This is established through scalar mass, momentum and energy balances of the puddle control volume, and thermal conduction in the substrate. The model is validated by GMA welding experiments, through measurements by an infrared camera and a laser profilometry scanner. These sensors are next employed for real-time identification of the model efficiency parameters, and for output feedback in a closed-loop geometry control system. Because of sensor delays, the model is run in-process to provide substitute estimates to the controller in a Smith predictor scheme. Closed-loop testing was conducted for control of the bead cross section profile through the torch velocity, and the applicability of such geometry regulation to solid freeform fabrication is discussed.
Bioadhesive microspheres. I: A novel electrobalance-based method to study adhesive interactions between individual microspheres and intestinal mucosa

Abstract A simple electrobalance-based method has been developed to measure bioadhesive interactions between individual polymer microspheres and biological tissues. Environmental conditions, such as temperature and pH, are easily controlled to mimic physiological parameters. The technique is unique in that it allows the measurement of many parameters: compressive deformation, peak compressive load, yield point, peak tensile load, deformation to peak load, fracture strength, deformation to failure, compressive work, returned work, and tensile work in a single experiment. The method has been shown to be statistically reproducible and accurate. Using this technique, several hydrophobic, thermoplastic polymers and one hydrogel were studied. Co-polymers of fumaric and sebacic acid, of the polyanhydride family, produced bioadhesive fracture strengths greater than 50 mN/cm 2 with rat small intestinal mucosa, in vitro. We suggest that bioadhesion in these hard, bioerodible materials is not due to chain entanglement, as required by the diffusion theory of bioadhesion, but due to numerous hydrogen bonds generated between hydrophilic functional groups (-COOH) and mucus glycoproteins.
Branding over Internet and TV Advertising

This study examined the effect of cross-channel integration of an advertiser's television spot and website that featured additional advertising messages specifically designed for the ad campaign on consumer responses. The results revealed that cross-channel integration of advertising enhanced consumers’ attitudes toward the television spot, perceived media engagement, and brand attitudes. Implications for advertisers and directions for future research are also discussed.
A new iterative scheme for obtaining Eigenvectors of large, real-symmetric matrices

A rapidly convergent block-iterative scheme for the computation of a few of the lowest eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large dense real symmetric matrix is proposed. The method is especially applicable to matrix eigenvalue problems that arise from the discretization of self-adjoint partial differential equations. One such application to certain symmetric matrices that arise in solid-state band structure calculations is considered in detail. The most timeconsuming parts of the present algorithm are a matrix multiplication and a Gauss-Siedel relaxation step which are performed on each iteration. These two parts can, however, be very efficiently implemented on a vector or parallel processing computer.
Radon from uranium mill tailings: A source of significant radiation hazard?

Calculations regarding the long-term hazards to health from the radioactive gas radon which emanates from the tailings of milled uranium ores are presented here. The absolute and relative risks to the population from mill tailings, as well as technical solutions to the problem of disposal methods which would eliminate or minimize lung cancer risk, are discussed. Since the emission of radon from tailings will occur thousands of years after the projected benefits from nuclear-fission power have been obtained, the problem of present and future hazard from mill tailings calls for increased regulatory consideration.
An overview of computer vision

An overview of computer vision is provided. Image understanding and scene analysis are emphasized, and pertinent aspects of pattern recognition are treated. The basic approach to computer vision systems, the techniques utilized, applications, the current existing systems and state-of-the-art issues and research requirements, who is doing it and who is funding it, and future trends and expectations are reviewed.
Relative effectiveness of classroom and documentary film presentations on marine mammals

When questioned regarding their sources of environmental information, many people cite television as the major contributor. Recent research has in fact identified a relationship between scores on aquatic information tests and the reported number of Cousteau documentaries seen on television. This study assesses the knowledge and attitude changes resulting from home viewing of a Cousteau Society documentary on marine mammals and compares these changes with those resulting from a science teacher's presentation of the documentary's script. A pretest-posttest-delayed posttest comparison group design utilized an instrument based on specific program content. Results indicate that comparable presentations in either medium can result in increased and retainable knowledge. Attitude changes were apparent in the television treated group but not among those receiving classroom treatment.