cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of Thiazolidine Amide and N-Thiazolyl Amide Fluoroquinolone Derivatives.

In an effort to develop new fluoroquinolones, we synthesized eight compounds and tested them against a panel of bacteria. The design of these compounds was guided by the introduction of the isothiazoloquinolone motif. The three most active compounds in this series, 8-10, demonstrated good antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and healthcare-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 0.62-6.3 µg/mL). Further, when these three active compounds were tested for their inhibitory effects on bacterial enzymes, compound 9 was the most effective agent exhibiting IC50 values of 33.9 and 116.5 μM in the S. aureus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase supercoiling and topoisomerase IV decatenation assays, respectively.
Comorbidity of learning and attention disorders. Separate but equal.

Children with learning and attention disorders commonly experience problems in school and at home. These problems involve both academic deficiencies and behavioral difficulties that may cause or result from the problems at school. Reflecting the relatively high prevalence and increased awareness of these disorders and the influence of managed care, greater involvement of primary care physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of these children has become necessary. Diagnosis often requires liaison with schools and other child specialists (when possible); treatment often involves direct interventions administered by the physician, schools, specialists, and community agencies. Simply referring the patient to a child specialist or public school for evaluation is often no longer a viable option without some attempt to complete initial diagnostic assessments and intervention. 6
Knockdown of Matriptase-2 Increases Hepcidin Expression in a BMP-Dependent Manner in Zebrafish Embryos.

Abstract 4050 Poster Board III-985 Hepatocytes produce hepcidin, a transcriptionally regulated peptide hormone, in response to iron overload, resulting in decreased intestinal iron absorption. Hepcidin levels are inappropriately low in patients with thalassemia major and hemochromatosis. We have been developing the zebrafish embryo as a model to identify hepcidin regulators, which may be exploited to prevent and treat iron overload syndromes. Recently, it has been shown in mammalian models that the membrane-bound serine protease, matriptase-2 (also known as TMPRSS-6), inhibits hepcidin expression by cleaving membrane-bound hemojuvelin ( hjv ), a bone morphogenic protein (BMP) co-receptor, which is mutated in patients with juvenile hemochromatosis. Previously, we demonstrated that hepcidin expression increases in response to iron loading or activation of the BMP signaling pathway, but that hjv is not required for hepcidin expression in zebrafish embryos. We hypothesized that hepcidin expression in zebrafish embryos is normally hjv -independent, either because of low levels of hjv expression in the liver or because of the presence of matriptase-2 . We used whole mount in situ hybridization, quantitative realtime RT-PCR, morpholino knockdowns and overexpression experiments to address these questions. As hjv was undetectable in the zebrafish embryonic liver by in situ hybridization, we used flow cytometry to sort zebrafish embryonic hepatocytes and assess hjv expression by RT-PCR. We found that hjv was weakly expressed in the embryonic liver, but strongly expressed in zebrafish adult liver. We overexpressed zebrafish hjv in human hepatocytes and found that it potentiated the effects of BMP6 to activate a human hepcidin promoter and a BMP response element. In contrast, overexpression of zebrafish hjv in zebrafish embryos failed to increase hepcidin expression. Knockdown of matriptase-2 in zebrafish embryos caused developmental delay and a smaller liver, but increased hepcidin expression, relative to liver size. Furthermore, treatment with the BMP inhibitor dorsomorphin abrogated the increased hepcidin expression associated with matriptase-2 knockdown. Experiments are underway to determine whether zebrafish hjv has little effect on hepcidin expression during embryonic development because of the activity of matriptase-2 . Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
1H, 13C, 15N NMR sequence-specific resonance assignments for human apo-Mts1 (S100A4).

Letter to the Editor: 1H, 13C, 15N NMR sequence-specific resonance assignments for human apo-Mts1 (S100A4) Richard Rustandia,∗, Kristen M. Vallelya,∗, Olga Varlamovab, Michael G. Kleinb, Steven C. Almob, Anne R. Bresnickb & David J. Webera,∗∗ aDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21210, U.S.A.; bDepartment of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, U.S.A.
Recent Geoeffective Space Weather Events and Technological System Impacts

Abstract On February 27, 2014, the U.S. Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) navigation service covering eastern Alaska and the northeastern continental United States, and the similar European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) covering northern Europe were both degraded due to a strong ionospheric storm that occurred during a relatively modest geomagnetic storm (Dst min ≈ − 94 nT). Similarly, on March 17, 2015, the St. Patrick's Day strong geomagnetic storm (Dst min ≈ − 223 nT) resulted in the most intense storm of the solar cycle to date with mid-latitude auroral sightings, and intense ionospheric irregularities. Finally, on June 22, 2015, a strong geomagnetic storm (Dst min ≈ − 204 nT) commenced following the impact of 3 coronal mass ejections (CMEs). All three events resulted in impacts to WAAS and EGNOS services over important coverage areas. This chapter focuses on operational data products available from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) for assessing the state of the space environment. We describe observations of the solar disk and the geospace radiation environment, and predictions of the energy input into the auroral region, and the resulting ionosphere response. We demonstrate that operational data help to follow the chain of events from Sun-to-Earth leading to disruptive space weather effects to technological systems such as spacecraft operations, radio communication, and aviation products. This chapter culminates in a discussion of how these storms impacted U.S. and European aviation systems. We emphasize: (i) significant degradation in performance of technological systems has been observed for three geomagnetic storms with Dst min ≲ − 100 nT, and (ii) if historically extreme events (e.g., a Carrington-like event) occurred today they, would lead to much more adverse effects for the considered systems.
Optical Sensing of Weed Infestations at Harvest.

Kochia (Kochia scoparia L.), Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.), and prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) are economically important weeds infesting dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production systems in the western United States. Those weeds produce most of their seeds post-harvest. The objectives of this study were to determine the ability of an optical sensor, installed for on-the-go measurement of grain protein concentration, to detect the presence of green plant matter in flowing grain and assess the potential usefulness of this information for mapping weeds at harvest. Spectra of the grain stream were recorded continuously at a rate of 0.33 Hz during harvest of two spring wheat fields of 1.9 and 5.4 ha. All readings were georeferenced using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver with 1 m positional accuracy. Chlorophyll of green plant matter was detectable in the red (638–710 nm) waveband. Maps of the chlorophyll signal from both fields showed an overall agreement of 78.1% with reference maps, one constructed prior to harvest and the other at harvest time, both based on visual evaluations of the three green weed species conducted by experts. Information on weed distributions at harvest may be useful for controlling post-harvest using variable rate technology for herbicide applications.
Using a community advisory board to develop a serious game for older adults undergoing treatment for cancer.

Abstract Introduction Older adults undergoing treatment for cancer are at risk for serious complications such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Older adults are often overwhelmed by information and under-manage cancer treatment-related side effects. New educational strategies such as serious gaming may help teach or reinforce key symptom self-management strategies. This paper describes how a community advisory board of older adults, their caregivers, and oncology nurses were consulted to develop a serious game for CINV. Methods A formative evaluation process using a community advisory board (CAB) and a series of three focus groups were used to develop this serious game about managing CINV at home. Results The formative evaluation process and involvement of the CAB allowed researchers to learn about the experience of having CINV from an older adult perspective. Common themes related to CINV onset, severity and self-management formed the basis for the serious games' script and scenarios. Themes were validated and CAB members provided feedback on a game prototype. Feedback from CAB members indicated that the serious game was realistic and reflective of their CINV experience. Conclusion Including older adults in the development of a serious game was instrumental in creating a relevant educational opportunity. Serious gaming should be considered as a way to add to the educational experiences of older adults as generic teaching methods may not address the needs of all age groups. Exploring for new ways to emphasize key points related to symptom management and prioritize learning may impact outcomes for older adults.
Minimally Invasive Ankle Arthrodesis

Ankle arthrodesis has long been the gold standard for end-stage arthritis following failure of non-operative management. For many years, arthrodesis was performed through an open, extensile incision. Although open techniques consistently yield acceptable fusion rates and time to fusion, the risk of skin complications is particularly high in at-risk patients. Recently, minimally invasive ankle risk of soft tissue healing problems, but also to achieve higher fusion rates and decreased time to fusion by reducing soft tissue stripping and preserving the blood supply to the arthrodesis site. Minimally invasive approaches include arthroscopic and mini-open techniques, both of which have demonstrated equivalent, if not better, outcomes when compared to open arthrodesis. These approaches provide an excellent option for patients who are particularly at risk for skin and other soft tissue complications.
Synthesis of Segmented Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)-Poly(Arylene Terephthalate) Copolymers

The possible morphologies which can be obtained in a two component block or segmented copolymer are rubber-rubber, glass-rubber, crystalline-rubber, glass-glass, glass-crystalline, and crystalline-crystalline. The first three of these morphological combinations compose the vast majority of block or segmented copolymers synthesized. 1,2 Especially prevalent are the copolymers composed of glass-rubber morphologies. A typical example of such a copolymer based on “hard” and “soft” segments would be a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymer.3 This copolymer is made up of two blocks of styrene, which comprise the “hard” segments, and one block of butadiene representing the “soft” segment. The “hard” or glassy segment is below its glass transition temperature at the temperature of interest, which is usually ambient temperature, while the “soft” or rubbery segment is above its glass transition temperature. Thus, this class of copolymers have become very important in the area of thermoplastic elastomers and related materials and have found commercial applicability in a wide range of products.
Structure of the DASH/Dam1 complex shows its role at the yeast kinetochore-microtubule interface

Kinetochores connect mitotic-spindle microtubules with chromosomes, allowing microtubule depolymerization to pull chromosomes apart during anaphase while resisting detachment as the microtubule shortens. The heterodecameric DASH/Dam1 complex (DASH/Dam1c), an essential component of yeast kinetochores, assembles into a microtubule-encircling ring. The ring associates with rodlike Ndc80 complexes to organize the kinetochore-microtubule interface. We report the cryo–electron microscopy structure (at ~4.5-angstrom resolution) of a DASH/Dam1c ring and a molecular model of its ordered components, validated by evolutionary direct-coupling analysis. Integrating this structure with that of the Ndc80 complex and with published interaction data yields a molecular picture of kinetochore-microtubule attachment, including how flexible, C-terminal extensions of DASH/Dam1c subunits project and contact widely separated sites on the Ndc80 complex rod and how phosphorylation at previously identified sites might regulate kinetochore assembly.
Homework in Physical Education? A Review of Physical Education Homework Literature.

The use of homework in physical education has not historically been a topic of intense study. Relatively few studies have been devoted to the topic, particularly when compared to the use of homework in classroom settings. Nonetheless, some physical educators have suggested the assignment of homework as a way to meet important objectives and standards, especially those related to maintaining an active lifestyle. Homework has also been proposed to allow teachers to allocate more time to skill development in class. The aim of this review is to explore the efficacy of using homework as a teaching tool in physical education. An examination of the research could help professionals make decisions about whether or not to assign homework and how best to do so.
TIDAL RECTIFICATION IN THE PECONIC BAYS ESTUARY

Abstract Low-frequency currents from a total of fourteen moorings within the Peconic Bays Estuary were analyzed through frequency-domain empirical orthogonal functions with the objective of distinguishing spatially-coherent fluctuations at fortnightly periods associated with tidal rectification from synoptic-period fluctuations due to meteorological forcing. Results indicated that current fluctuations within the frequency band encompassing fortnightly periods were coherent only within a few distinct regions of the bay. These spatially coherent fluctuations were also highly coherent with demodulated sea level, apparently indicating tidal rectification in those areas. Current fluctuations within a frequency band centered on 0.275 cycles per day were spatially coherent over almost the entire bay and apparently forced by meteorologically-induced coastal sea level fluctuations.
The Crystallization Behaviour of a Mg-Si-O-N Glass

The crystallization behaviour of a glass of composition 59 wt. % Si02, 32 wt. % MgO and 9 wt % Si3N4 has been investigated. The as-cooled glass was found to have separated into a magnesia rich and a silica rich phase on cooling. The magnesia rich phase in the glass could be readily crystallized to enstatite by heating to temperatures above 1000°C. In contrast the silica rich phase was highly resistant to crystallization at all temperatures. The microstructure developed during crystallization of the magnesia rich phase consisted of fan-like arrangements of lath shaped enstatite crystals and showed many of the features common to spherulitic crystal growth. A large volume change associated with crystallization of the magnesia rich phase resulted in the formation of porosity in crystallized glass samples. At temperatures above about 1300°C the spherulitic microstructure recrystallized to faceted grains of enstatite in regions close to the silica rich phase, the reaction apparently being initiated by softening of the silica rich phase. Also at higher temperatures silicon oxynitride crystallized out from the magnesia rich phase, appearing as small crystals situated between the lath shaped enstatite grains.
Acute Milk-Alkali Syndrome

A 74-year-old woman presented with progressive lethargy, confusion, poor appetite and abdominal pain. She was found to have non-PTH-mediated severe hypercalcemia with renal failure and metabolic alkalosis. Extensive workup for hypercalcemia to rule out alternate etiology was unrevealing. Upon further questioning, she was taking excess calcium carbonate (Tums) for her worsening heartburn. She was diagnosed with milk-alkali syndrome (MAS). Her hypercalcemia and alkalosis recovered completely with aggressive hydration along with improvement in her renal function. High index of suspicion should be maintained and history of drug and supplements, especially calcium ingestion, should be routinely asked in patients presenting with hypercalcemia to timely diagnose MAS and prevent unnecessary tests and treatments. Learning points: Suspect milk-alkali syndrome in patients with hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and renal failure, especially in context of ingestion of excess calcium-containing supplements. Careful history of over-the-counter medications, supplements and diet is crucial to diagnose milk-alkali syndrome. Milk-alkali syndrome may cause severe hypercalcemia in up to 25–30% of cases. Background With the wide availability of over-the-counter (OTC) calcium preparation, routine treatment with calcium in osteoporosis, and the widespread use of calcium carbonate in patients with kidney failure, the incidence of MAS has increased in recent years. The prevalence is unknown, but according to some studies, it is estimated to be around 10% and can cause severe hypercalcemia in up to 25–30% of cases (1). The diagnosis, however, can be easily missed leading to unnecessary and expensive investigation and inappropriate treatment. Hence, careful medication history should be taken in hypercalcemic patients and corroborated by the family members, caregivers or primary care providers (2). In the current era, it is usually a consequence of the intake of calcium supplements or calcium-containing antacids and is also known as calcium-alkali syndrome (3).
Lateral Column Lengthening for Revision Triple and Double Arthrodesis and Severe End-Stage Flatfoot Deformity.

Abstract Few options exist for the treatment of revision and severe cases of end-stage flatfoot deformity. Triple arthrodesis or medial-approach double arthrodesis have been the standard but often do not provide enough correction of the deformity. Lateral column lengthening is a powerful procedure performed either with an Evans calcaneal osteotomy or calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis that can be used as an adjunct in realigning the flatfoot. We performed a retrospective radiographic review and looked at 11 consecutive cases of patients who underwent hindfoot arthrodesis with a lateral column lengthening procedure. We matched these patients with 11 control patients who underwent isolated medial-approach double arthrodesis. For the patients who underwent a lateral column lengthening procedure, we found a significant improvement in calcaneal inclination angle (p = .001) and greater correction in talar declination angle, cuboid abduction angle, and talocalcaneal angle when compared with the control group. Lateral column lengthening is a useful adjunct to hindfoot arthrodesis in the correction of revision and severe end-stage flatfoot deformity.
Smart Cities Solutions for More Flood Resilient Communities

There is evidence that flooding events are becoming more frequent and intense as a result of climate change. This problem is especially prevalent in Norfolk, VA which has the second highest rate of sea level rise on the east coast. Model and sensing innovations are needed to produce high-resolution flood warnings in real-time to improve public safety. New sensing approaches are also needed to accurately measure the extent of flooding during storm events so this data can be used to calibrate models. Our methodology creates an end-to-end modeling system for Norfolk, VA to provide real-time flood forecast information to users. Our process begins with data collection through our group's water level sensor. This device relies on an ultrasonic sensor to measure how its distance from the ground changes as water levels rise. Readings are then filtered before they are transmitted to a persistent database. The data from this sensor, combined with historical flood data, are stored in a locally-hosted relational SQLite database and a cloud-hosted InfluxDB database. The locally-hosted database can be used for further development of flood prediction models. The cloud-hosted database can store data as it is collected for real time analysis. Currently, the sensor has accurately recorded changes in distances of up to ten feet in the lab and successfully transmitted these readings. For future testing, measurements will be sent to a static URL hosted on Heroku. A Python function has been written that reads the URL in JSON format and transmits the data to the Influx database. Another Python function has been written that reads a csv containing historical data and transforms it to the proper format, then inserts it into SQLite.
"Cheese Wire" Fenestration of Dissection Intimal Flap to Facilitate Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair in Chronic Dissection.

Abstract Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for aneurysmal chronic dissection is often complicated by retrograde filling of the false lumen and dissected distal landing zone. A “cheese wire”-style fenestration of the dissection intimal flap can create a landing zone facilitating TEVAR. This technique successfully aided TEVAR in 3 patients with an average age of 57.3 years. Complications included type III endoleak requiring relining and renal artery occlusion requiring stent placement. Average duration of clinical follow-up was 19 ± 4 months. Imaging follow-up was 8 ± 10 months. All patients have survived for more than 1 year without aneurysm enlargement.
STarFish: A Stacked Ensemble Target Fishing Approach and its Application to Natural Products

Target fishing is the process of identifying the protein target of a bioactive small molecule. To do so experimentally requires a significant investment of time and resources, which can be expedited with a reliable computational target fishing model. The development of computational target fishing models using machine learning has become very popular over the last several years because of the increased availability of large amounts of public bioactivity data. Unfortunately, the applicability and performance of such models for natural products has not yet been comprehensively assessed. This is, in part, due to the relative lack of bioactivity data available for natural products compared to synthetic compounds. Moreover, the databases commonly used to train such models do not annotate which compounds are natural products, which makes the collection of a benchmarking set difficult. To address this knowledge gap, a data set composed of natural product structures and their associated protein targets was generated by cross-referencing 20 publicly available natural product databases with the bioactivity database ChEMBL. This data set contains 5589 compound-target pairs for 1943 unique compounds and 1023 unique targets. A synthetic data set comprising 107 190 compound-target pairs for 88 728 unique compounds and 1907 unique targets was used to train k-nearest neighbors, random forest, and multilayer perceptron models. The predictive performance of each model was assessed by stratified 10-fold cross-validation and benchmarking on the newly collected natural product data set. Strong performance was observed for each model during cross-validation with area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) scores ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 and Boltzmann-enhanced discrimination of receiver operating characteristic (BEDROC) scores from 0.89 to 0.94. When tested on the natural product data set, performance dramatically decreased with AUROC scores ranging from 0.70 to 0.85 and BEDROC scores from 0.43 to 0.59. However, the implementation of a model stacking approach, which uses logistic regression as a meta-classifier to combine model predictions, dramatically improved the ability to correctly predict the protein targets of natural products and increased the AUROC score to 0.94 and BEDROC score to 0.73. This stacked model was deployed as a web application, called STarFish, and has been made available for use to aid in target identification for natural products.
Magnetic Permeability Tensor with Saturation Flux Density Description for 2D Materials with Uniaxial Anisotropy

During the development of advanced models of mechatronics devices with cores made of anisotropic soft magnetic materials, magnetic permeability has to be described as tensor. However commonly used tensor magnetic permeability descriptions doesn’t consider saturation phenomenon for flux density. As a result accuracy of such simulations is significantly limited, especially for higher values of magnetizing field. Paper is proposing new method of magnetic permeability description considering saturation flux density. Proposed concept is based on the anisotropy energy analyze and was verified for magnetization curve of soft magnetic materials with uniaxial anisotropy. Results of modeling confirm good agreement with the results experimental measurements for soft magnetic materials with uniaxial anisotropy.
Controlled-Release Dispenser and Dry Trap Developments for Drosophila suzukii Detection

The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii, is an exotic vinegar fly originating from South-East Asia and has invaded many American and European countries. This devastating pest has caused severe damage on soft-skinned fruit crops, which has resulted in large economic losses. Although many D. suzukii detection devices have been developed and used by growers/farmers in orchards, most of them did not meet their expectation. More simple, convenient, and efficient detection tools are still urgently needed so that growers/farmers can make timely management decision. In our previous study a quinary blend, containing acetoin, as a long-range, and ethyl octanoate, as a short-range attractant for SWD, had been identified. In this study, a controlled-release polyethylene dispenser containing five identified attractants: acetoin, ethyl octanoate, ethyl acetate, penethyl alcohol, and acetic acid, was tested in laboratory conditions for release rates, as well as in a blueberry field and an adjacent wooded area for trapping activity. Release of the most D. suzukii attractants from the polyethylene dispenser was constant. In the laboratory, release rates of ethyl acetate (0.3 g/day over 14 days), phenethyl alcohol (0.0054 g/day over 36 days), and acetic acid (0.13 g/day over 36 days) followed zero order kinetics. Acetoin and ethyl octanoate were blended together and had a varied release rate. In the field, dry and liquid traps baited with the optimized controlled-release dispenser were evaluated and compared with liquid traps baited with apple cider vinegar (ACV). During blueberry harvest season in 2018, the liquid traps containing drowning solution baited with the optimized controlled-release dispenser caught both male and female D. suzukii two weeks earlier and had significantly higher selectivity than that of ACV traps in the field. Additionally, in 2019 field tests, dry traps baited with the controlled-release dispenser demonstrated earlier detection compared to the ACV traps. Due to the simplicity of the dry trap design and easy processing, it has great potential to be an efficient and convenient D. suzukii detection tool for growers/farmers.
Reoperation for distal aortic disease after root surgery in Marfan syndrome patients

Objective Analyze the results of distal aortic reoperation in Marfan syndrome patients after proximal aortic surgery.Methods Between January 2000 and January 2010, 28 Marfan patients underwent surgical repair of distal aortic disease after aortic root surgery at our institution.There were 20 males and 8 females.Age ranged from 23 to 52 years [ mean (38.5 ± 8.7) years ].First time operations were Bentall procedure in 24, David procedure in 4.There were 8 cases of Stanford A dissection and 20 cases of aortic root aneurysm.The second time operations included 1 partial aortic arch replacement, 2 total arch replacements, 7 total arch replacements combined with stent elephant trunk, 6 descending thoracic aorta replacements,10 thoracoabdominal aorta replacements and 2 total aorta replacements.The interval between the lst and 2nd operation was 1 to 12 years [mean (6.43 ±3.07) years].The surgical technique used for distal procedures was dependent on the pathology of the aorta.Median repeat sternotomy was used for surgical exposure in 10 patients, who required an arch/proximal descending aortic procedure.Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established through the right axillary perfusion and right femoral venous drainage in all of these patients.16 patients were operated on through a left-sided incision, namely, a posterolateral thoracotomy, or a thoracoabdominal incision, depending on the distal extent of aortic replacement.For such patients, the left femoral vessels were cannulated for CPB in 14 patients and the rest 2 patients were operated on without CPB.Two patients with total aorta replacement were operated on through a median sternotomy combined with thoracoabdominal incision.22 patients underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest because of the replacement of anrtic arch or the extensive aneurismal arch.Reconstruction of intercostal arteries (T8-L1) was performed in 16 patients for the protection of spinal cord.Results Two patients (7.1％) died postoperatively.Neurological morbidity included 1 patient with stroke, 1 paraplegia and 2 temporary paraparesis Three patients required temporary tracheotomy for prolonged weaning form the respirator.All patients were followed up for 10-118 months [mean (40.8 ±29.5) months].Two patients died during follow-up.The survival rate was (94.5 ± 1.3)％,(90.6 ± 1.4) ％ at 1-and 5-year, respectively.Conclusion Distal aortic reoperation in Marfan patients can be performed with good short-and long-term results.Complete aortic arch replacement with elephant trunk technique, if safely performed,should be considered for Marfan patients presenting with type A dissection. Key words: Marfan syndrome; Aorta; Aneurysm, dissecting; Reoperation
Designing a drone delivery network with automated battery swapping machines

Abstract Drones are projected to alter last-mile delivery, but their short travel range is a concern. This study proposes a drone delivery network design using automated battery swapping machines (ABSMs) to extend ranges. The design minimizes the long-term delivery costs, including ABSM investment, drone ownership, and cost of the delivery time, and locates ABSMs to serve a set of customers. We build a mixed-integer nonlinear program that captures the nonlinear waiting time of drones at ABSMs. To solve the problem, we create an exact solution algorithm that finds the globally optimal solution using a derivative-supported cutting-plane method. To validate the applicability of our program, we conduct a case study on the Chicago Metropolitan area using cost data from leading ABSM manufacturer and geographical data from the planning and operations language for agent-based regional integrated simulation (more commonly known as POLARIS). A sensitivity analysis identifies that ABSM service times and costs are the key parameters impacting the long-term adoption of drone delivery.
Field evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a vaccine against (papillomatous) digital dermatitis in dairy cattle on two California dairies

The objectives of this study were to determine the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of a Treponema bacterin against papillomatous digital dermatitis ((P)DD) in lactating dairy cows from 2 California dairies and to compare the serological response to the Treponema bacterin between vaccinate and placebo groups of cows. A total of 1160 Holstein-Friesian cows were used in this study. The cows were grouped according to treatment (vaccinated or placebo) and visible (P)DD lesion status prior to treatment. 120 cows with no visible lesions prior to treatment were bled for serological evaluation. Monthly visual and serological evaluations were performed before and after the treatment for 6 months. Comparison of monthly proportion of cows between groups of vaccinates and placebos showed insignificant prophylactic or therapeutic effects due to the Treponema bacterin. Results were also insignificant when monthly proportions of cows were stratified by lactation groups or for only those cows present at every monthly observation and stratified by lactation groups. ELISA titres of the 120 cows bled prior to treatment showed that 43% of the cows had positive titres, indicating prior exposure to Treponema spp. Comparison between monthly proportions of vaccinates and placebo cows that had no visible (P)DD lesions, and which had negative serological titres to (P)DD-associated Treponema spp. antigens prior to treatment, showed that a significantly higher proportion of vaccinates developed a positive serological state during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd months after treatment.
Microfiber coating for drag reduction on a cylinder

Abstract The reduction of drag on a blunt body is a topic of considerable interest. Understanding drag reduction on a cylinder provides a fundamental understanding of the drag reduction on general blunt bodies. Herein, a microfiber coating with a hair-like structure is examined as a passive drag reduction coating on a cylinder. The drag reduction performance of the microfiber coating is studied in both symmetric and asymmetric configurations under the subcritical flow regime It is found that the symmetrically coated cylinder shows twice the drag reduction as that in the asymmetric case. It is shown that the angular position of the microfiber coating has a considerable impact on the performance of the coating and determines whether there is an increase or decrease in drag. This trend is consistent for both the asymmetric and symmetric configurations. It is also found that the flow features downstream of the cylinder are impacted by the configuration of the coating. The dominant frequency of the symmetric configuration in the rear flow of the cylinder is higher than that of the asymmetric configuration. The location of the dominant frequency is also further downstream for the symmetric configuration as compared to the asymmetric configuration.
Monocyte-based inflammatory indices predict outcomes following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

The contribution of specific immune cell populations to the post-hemorrhagic inflammatory response in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and correlations with clinical outcomes, such as vasospasm and functional status, remains unclear. We aimed to compare the predictive value of leukocyte ratios that include monocytes as compared to the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in aSAH. A prospectively accrued database of consecutive patients presenting to our institution with aSAH between January 2013 and December 2018 was used. Patients with signs and symptoms of infection (day 1–3) were excluded. Admission values of the NLR, monocyte-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (M-NLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were calculated. Associations with functional status, the primary outcome, and vasospasm were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. In the cohort of 234 patients with aSAH, the M-NLR and LMR, but not the NLR, were significantly associated with poor functional status (modified Rankin scale > 2) at 12–18 months following discharge (p = 0.001, p = 0.023, p = 0.161, respectively). The area under the curve for predicting poor functional status was significantly lower for the NLR (0.543) compared with the M-NLR (0.603, p = 0.024) and LMR (0.608, p = 0.040). The M-NLR (OR = 1.01 [1.01–1.02]) and LMR (OR = 0.88 [0.78–0.99]) were independently associated with poor functional status while controlling for age, hypertension, Fisher grade, and baseline clinical status. The LMR was significantly associated with vasospasm (OR = 0.84 [0.70–0.99]) while adjusting for age, hypertension, Fisher grade, aneurysm size, and current smoking. Inflammatory indices that incorporate monocytes (e.g., M-NLR and LMR), but not those that include only neutrophils, predict outcomes after aSAH.
An Audio Processing Approach using Ensemble Learning for Speech-Emotion Recognition for Children with ASD

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) find it difficult to detect human emotions in social interactions. A speech emotion recognition system was developed in this work, which aims to help these children to better identify the emotions of their communication partner. The system was developed using machine learning and deep learning techniques. Through the use of ensemble learning, multiple machine learning algorithms were joined to provide a final prediction on the recorded input utterances. The ensemble of models includes a Support Vector Machine (SVM), a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). All three models were trained on the Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Songs (RAVDESS), the Toronto Emotional Speech Set (TESS), and the Crowd-sourced Emotional Multimodal Actors Dataset (CREMA-D). A fourth dataset was used, which was created by adding background noise to the clean speech files from the datasets previously mentioned. The paper describes the audio processing of the samples, the techniques used to include the background noise, and the feature extraction coefficients considered for the development and training of the models. This study presents the performance evaluation of the individual models to each of the datasets, inclusion of the background noises, and the combination of using all of the samples in all three datasets. The evaluation was made to select optimal hyperparameters configuration of the models to evaluate the performance of the ensemble learning approach through majority voting. The overall performance of the ensemble learning reached a peak accuracy of 66.5%, reaching a higher performance emotion classification accuracy than the MLP model which reached 65.7%.
A Metastable p-Type Semiconductor as a Defect-Tolerant Photoelectrode

A p-type Cu3Ta7O19 semiconductor was synthesized using a CuCl flux-based approach and investigated for its crystalline structure and photoelectrochemical properties. The semiconductor was found to be metastable, i.e., thermodynamically unstable, and to slowly oxidize at its surfaces upon heating in air, yielding CuO as nano-sized islands. However, the bulk crystalline structure was maintained, with up to 50% Cu(I)-vacancies and a concomitant oxidation of the Cu(I) to Cu(II) cations within the structure. Thermogravimetric and magnetic susceptibility measurements showed the formation of increasing amounts of Cu(II) cations, according to the following reaction: Cu3Ta7O19 + x/2 O2 → Cu(3−x)Ta7O19 + x CuO (surface) (x = 0 to ~0.8). With minor amounts of surface oxidation, the cathodic photocurrents of the polycrystalline films increase significantly, from 0.5 mA cm−2, under visible-light irradiation (pH = 6.3; irradiant powder density of ~500 mW cm−2) at an applied bias of −0.6 V vs. SCE. Electronic structure calculations revealed that its defect tolerance arises from the antibonding nature of its valence band edge, with the formation of defect states in resonance with the valence band, rather than as mid-gap states that function as recombination centers. Thus, the metastable Cu(I)-containing semiconductor was demonstrated to possess a high defect tolerance, which facilitates its high cathodic photocurrents.
The Idiom of Disavowal and Acknowledge in Cavell, Butler, and Rogin: Ethics or Politics?

This paper compares the idiom of disavowal and acknowledgment in James Baldwin, to the work it does in the theories of Stanley Cavell, Judith Butler, and Michael Rogin. It argues that Cavell and Butler use this idiom in ways that displace politics by ethics, whereas Rogin, like Baldwin, analyzes disavowal as a political rather than an ethical problem, and conceives acknowledgment as a political project not an ethical orientation.
Comments on the slip factor and the relation Delta phi = -h Delta theta

The definition of the slip factor can be obtained from the phase equation. However, a derivation using the relation {Delta}{phi} = -h{Delta}{theta} leads to a different slip-factor definition. This apparent paradox is examined in detail and resolved. Here {Delta}{phi} is the rf phase difference and {Delta}{theta} is the azimuthal phase difference around the accelerator ring between an off-momentum particle and the synchronous particle, while h is the rf harmonic.
The activation and inactivation of phosphorylase phosphatase from bovine adrenal cortex.

Abstract Preincubation of a partially purified enzyme preparation, obtained from bovine adrenal cortex, in the presence of adenosine triphosphate and magnesium ions resulted in a time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent increase in the phosphorylase phosphatase activity. Preincubation of the activated enzyme fraction in the presence of ATP or one of several other phosphonucleosides, resulted in a time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent inactivation of the phosphorylase phosphatase activity. The inactive enzyme fraction could then be reactivated in the presence of ATP plus magnesium ions or, at a slower rate, with magnesium ions alone, provided the inactivation was brought about in the presence of ATP. Adenosine 3',5'-phosphate, in the presence of ATP and magnesium ions converted the active form of the enzyme to a less active form The effect of adenosine 3',5'-phosphate could not be reversed under the conditions used in this study unless the enzyme fraction was first inactivated in the presence of ATP.
Chapter 76 Highlights from the exotic phenomena of lanthanide magnetism

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the major milestones reached as theoretical and experimental investigations of the rare earths have proceeded intensely since about the early 1950s. This review is in no way intended to be comprehensive. In the study of lanthanide magnetism, neutron scattering (both elastic and inelastic) has played a seminal role in elucidating the complex nature of the magnetic interactions, and thus much of the discussion here will focus on results obtained by these techniques and how they relate to those observed by more conventional bulk experimental tools. The lanthanide metals offer possibly the best known examples of truly local-moment magnetic systems. The complexity of the magnetism in lanthanides lies not in the intrinsic nature of the local moment but rather in the exchange coupling mechanisms that produce the long-range order of the 4f moments, and in the associated properties of anisotropy and magnetostriction that strongly perturb the magnetic ordering. The form of the interaction of 4f moments in the lanthanides is further modified by both the crystal-field anisotropy and magnetostriction.
Active X based standards for healthcare integration

With cost pressures brought to the forefront by the growth of managed care, the integration of healthcare information systems is more important than ever. Providers of healthcare information are under increasing pressure to provide timely information to end users in a cost effective manner. Organizations have had to decide between the strong functionality that a multi-vendor 'best of breed' architecture provides and the strong integration provided by a single-vendor solution. As connectivity between systems increased, these interfaces were migrated to work across serial and eventually, network, connections. In addition, the content of the information became standardized through efforts like HL7 and ANSI X12 and Edifact. Although content-based standards go a long way towards facilitating interoperability, there is also quite a bit of work required to connect two systems even when they both adhere to the standard. A key to accomplishing this goal is increasing the connectivity between disparate systems in the healthcare environment. Microsoft is working with healthcare organizations and independent software vendors to bring Microsoft's powerful enterprise object technology, ActiveX, to the healthcare industry. Whilst object orientation has been heralded as the 'next big thing' in computer applications development, Microsoft believe that, in fact, component software is the technology which will provide the greatest benefit to end users.
'That’s Enough Frivolity': A Not so Funny Countdown of the Supreme Court’s Affordable Care Act Oral Arguments

When the United States Supreme Court accepted petitions related to the Affordable Care Act, the Court extended oral arguments in an unprecedented fashion. We suggest the Court structured oral arguments in such a manner to achieve a comprehensive understanding regarding a pressing national and political issue. We studied the justices' interactions within oral arguments across the four cases, and disappointingly learned the justices took as less than fair approach when questioning parties. We provide readers and other scholars with both aggregate findings across cases and findings within individual cases in the appendices, along with a discussion of the most important behavior captured within our study.
Feature selection assessment and comparison using two saliency measures in an Elman recurrent neural network

This paper provides a summary of a feasibility study conducted to assess and compare a weight based and a network output sensitivity based saliency measure for use with an Elman recurrent neural network (RNN). An experiment was designed to assign temporal data with significant noise, autocorrelation and crosscorrelation into one of two classes. To improve classification accuracy, feature saliency screening was performed to select a subset of the eight candidate input features using a weight based signal-to-noise ratio and an output sensitivity based measure. With consistent selection and ranking of features observed between the two saliency measures, both indicated a parsimonious subset of three of the original eight input features should be retained. Using CPU time as a surrogate measure of operations required, the computational efficiency was also found equivalent, with an observed difference of less than 2.5% between methods. Numerical results show a parsimonious subset of features improved generalization by significantly reducing the classification accuracy variance for multiple data sets and trained RNNs across time periods. An increase in classification accuracy for the last time period was even obtained for an independent validation set using the reduced feature set.
Descriptive Representation and the Allocation of Policy-Making Authority: Evidence from Women in Cabinets and Bureaucracies

We examine forces for the descriptive representation of women in ministerial and sub-ministerial positions. We offer a unified model in which portfolio allocation makes political forces for descriptive representation more important in the case of ministerial lines; in contrast, labor market forces determine the extent of descriptive representation in sub-ministerial lines. We provide evidence for this claim from data for 72 countries and show that the advancement of women into ministerial posts depends on the form of electoral system and presence of women in the legislature (conditional on being in a parliamentary system). In contrast, the sub-ministerial representation for women depends on the supply of women in the workforce. Additionally, the increased incidence of women in ministerial lines is associated with an increase in representation in sub-ministerial lines.