cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small, Rural Hospitals: A Fight for Survival

Declining reimbursements, resulting from the 1997 Balanced Budget Act (BBA), have placed an enormous strain on small, rural hospitals that are typically dependent on Medicare patients for the majority of their revenue. Under the BBA, new managed care and private options are available, payments to hospitals are reduced, Part B premiums are increased, and a prospective payment system (PPS) is authorized for outpatient, home health, and skilled nursing services. The Balanced Budget Refinement Act of 1999 (BBRA) attempts to rectify some of the reductions in reimbursement. Nonetheless, to take advantage of the BBRA and to address declining reimbursements from other sources, rural hospitals should expand outpatient services, embrace telemedicine and telehealth initiatives, and actively seek alternative funding.
Climate change and wetland loss impacts on a western river's water quality

An understanding of potential stream water quality conditions under future climate is critical for the sustainability of ecosystems and the protection of human health. Changes in wetland water balance under projected climate could alter wetland extent or cause wetland loss (e.g., via increased evapotranspiration and lower growing season flows leading to reduced riparian wetland inundation) or altered land use patterns. This study assessed the potential climate-induced changes to in-stream sediment and nutrient loads in the snowmelt-dominated Sprague River, Oregon, western US. Additionally, potential water quality impacts of combined changes in wetland water balance and wetland area under future climatic conditions were evaluated. The study utilized the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) forced with statistical downscaling of general circulation model (GCM) data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) using the Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (MACA) method. Our findings suggest that, in the Sprague River, (1) mid-21st century nutrient and sediment loads could increase significantly during the high-flow season under warmer, wetter climate projections or could change only nominally in a warmer and somewhat drier future; (2) although water quality conditions under some future climate scenarios and no wetland loss may be similar to the past, the combined impact of climate change and wetland losses on nutrient loads could be large; (3) increases in stream total phosphorus (TP) concentration with wetland loss under future climate scenarios would be greatest at high-magnitude, low-probability flows; and (4) loss of riparian wetlands in both headwaters and lowlands could increase outlet TP loads to a similar degree, but this could be due to distinctly different mechanisms in different parts of the watershed.
Extending characterization applications of electron channeling contrast imaging

The scanning electron microscope based technique, electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), is demonstrated for two new applications relevant to PV research: phase separation detection in InxGa1−xP and subsurface InAs/GaAs quantum dot visualization. For both applications, diffraction-based ECC imaging enables the observation of microstructural detail within the material of interest, beneath the sample surface, akin to what it typically acquired via transmission electron microscopy. Verification was performed through application of standard diffraction-based imaging contrast criteria. The ability to characterize phase separation and quantum dots further demonstrates ECCI's usefulness for a wide range of materials, especially in the PV community.
How national structures shape attitudes toward women’s right to employment in the Middle East:

Despite dramatic human development in recent decades, women’s employment rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are the lowest in the world. Research shows that gender-egalitarian attitudes are key in explaining women’s employment. This study examines whether the Middle East stands out in terms of the degree to which individuals hold gender-egalitarian attitudes in the region and in terms of the factors that are most important in shaping attitudes toward women’s employment. I compare individual attitudes toward women’s right to employment in the MENA region to individual attitudes in a global selection of nations available in the fourth (1999–2004) wave of the World Values Survey (WVS) (N = 57), using hierarchical linear models. I find that individuals in MENA hold significantly less egalitarian attitudes toward women’s employment, compared to those in all other nations sampled. There is not one variable (such as Islam or oil) that is key to explaining attitudes in the region. Instead, th...
Functional Connectivity During Exposure to Favorite-Food, Stress, and Neutral-Relaxing Imagery Differs Between Smokers and Nonsmokers.

Introduction Tobacco-use disorder is a complex condition involving multiple brain networks and presenting with multiple behavioral correlates including changes in diet and stress. In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of neural responses to favorite-food, stress, and neutral-relaxing imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers demonstrated blunted corticostriatal-limbic responses to favorite-food cues. Based on other recent reports of alterations in functional brain networks in smokers, the current study examined functional connectivity during exposure to favorite-food, stress, and neutral-relaxing imagery in smokers and nonsmokers, using the same dataset. Methods The intrinsic connectivity distribution was measured to identify brain regions that differed in degree of functional connectivity between groups during each imagery condition. Resulting clusters were evaluated for seed-to-voxel connectivity to identify the specific connections that differed between groups during each imagery condition. Results During exposure to favorite-food imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers showed lower connectivity in the supramarginal gyrus, and differences in connectivity between the supramarginal gyrus and the corticostriatal-limbic system. During exposure to neutral-relaxing imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers showed greater connectivity in the precuneus, and greater connectivity between the precuneus and the posterior insula and rolandic operculum. During exposure to stress imagery, smokers versus nonsmokers showed lower connectivity in the cerebellum. Conclusions These findings provide data-driven insights into smoking-related alterations in brain functional connectivity patterns related to appetitive, relaxing, and stressful states. Implications This study uses a data-driven approach to demonstrate that smokers and nonsmokers show differential patterns of functional connectivity during guided imagery related to personalized favorite-food, stress, and neutral-relaxing cues, in brain regions implicated in attention, reward-related, emotional, and motivational processes. For smokers, these differences in connectivity may impact appetite, stress, and relaxation, and may interfere with smoking cessation.
A Bibliography of the Southwestern Corn Borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, occurs in Mexico and in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Tennessee, and Texas (Anon. 1976). Known host plants of D. grandiosella include sugarcane, forage and grain sorghums, sudangrass, broomcorn, and johnsongrass, (Wilbur et al. 1950), teosinte (Burkhardt and Painter 1954), and millet (Rolston 1955) as well as field corn, popcorn, and sweetcorn (Wilbur et al. 1950). In general, corn is the most satisfactory host for development of D. grandiosella populations; and the primary economic importance of this insect species results from its attacks on corn. Economic infestations also have been observed in grain sorghum (Gerhardt et al. 1972).
New States of Matter in Polarized Cold Fermi Atoms

Cold Fermi atoms enable the study of strongly-interacting Fermions where the superfluid gap is comparable to the Fermi energy. New phases of matter can appear when such systems are polarized; we compare calculations with experiments.
Processing of Low Alpha-Particle Emitting Ceramics

The raw materials and clean-room processing techniques required to produce a low alpha-particle emitting insulating material have been investigated with the goal of producing a dense fired alumina ceramic with a reproducible, low alpha-particle flux (≤ 0.01 α/cm 2 hr). Various sources of A1 2 O 3 , MgO, and SiO 2 , the primary constituents of the alumina body, were tested for the alpha-particle emitting elements, U and Th, and for total alpha-particle flux. Many materials contain U concentrations with corresponding alpha-particle fluxes of 0.01α/cm 2 hr. Die pressing, filter casting and isopressing have been used under class 100 clean-room conditions to process powder compacts and the benefits and problems of each were evaluated. Analysis of the material before, at various stages during processing, and after firing has shown that dense fired Al 2 O 3 ceramics can be produced with no detectable increase above that of the source powder in the U and Th contents, or the alpha-particle flux.
Metastatic cardiac angiosarcoma of the cervical spine. Case report.

STUDY DESIGN A case report of metastatic cardiac angiosarcoma of the cervical spine. OBJECTIVES To show that this rare spine tumor behaves in the same manner as an arteriovenous malformation and embolization, which can allow for successful spine surgery, and to discuss the natural history and rarity of this tumor. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Primary angiosarcoma of the heart is a very rare tumor, with fewer than 200 reports in the English literature and nothing reported in the spine literature. RESULTS The patient in this study initially sought treatment for neck pain, left arm pain, and weakness 17 months after cardiac surgery and subsequent chemotherapy. A cervical computed tomography scan demonstrated a C5 lytic vertebral body tumor with intracannilicular extension and cord compression. An anterior cervical approach was made, but the tumor was too vascular to resect, and surgery was aborted. The C5 vascular vertebral body metastasis subsequently was embolized successfully by an interventional neuroradiologist. Reoperation via an anterior approach with corpectomy, cadaveric fibula, and anterior locking plate internal fixation was successful, producing marked improvement in the patients' symptoms. CONCLUSION Spinal involvement by primary cardiac angiosarcoma is very rare, and this is only the second operative case ever reported. The vascular nature of this tumor makes it behave in a manner similar to that of a high-flow arteriovenous malformation. Surgery should not be undertaken before preoperative angiography and embolization. The dismal prognosis for this rare malignancy is discussed.
Clinical features and prognosis of patients with aortic dissection

Objectives To explore the clinical features and prognosis of aortic dissection.Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted on clinical data of 199 patients with aortic dissection in Fuwai Hospi- tal.The data were analysed according to Stanford type,gender,age.The prognosis of aortic dissection was analysed by by logistic multivariate regression analysis.Results The diameter of LV(52.3±6.6 vs 49.2±6.6,P0.01)and the number of white blood cell(11.08±5.18 vs 8.96±4.72,P0.01)were signifi- cantly increased in younger than in older patients.The DBP lever(80.2±17.0 vs 69.5±15.2 ,P0.01) and thefrequency of stent treatment were higher in Type B than type A(24.8% vs 0%,P0.01).Type A patients had higher heart rate(84.0±15.4 vs 75.3±15.2,P0.01),white blood cell(11.77±4.90 vs 9.85±5.14,P0.05),hsCRP level(12.5±4.90 vs 9.64±5.35,P0.01)and frequency of surgical operations(17.7% vs 4.4%,P0.01).Man had higher BMI(25.8±3.16 VS 23.4±34.33,P0.01), DBP lever(78.1±17.4 VS 70.1±13.9,P0.05),and LV(52.1±6.23 vs 47.9±8.45,P0.01)than women.Women had more common ECG change than did man(63.3% vs 39.5%,P0.05).After adjust- ment for conventional risk factors by logistic regression analysis,the risk of aortic dissection was significantly increased in women(OR 4.387,95% CI 1.47 to 13.03,P=0.008),and negatively associated with dias- tolic blood pressure levels(OR0.937,95% CI0.90 to0.97,P=0.001).Conclusions The clinic char- acters differed according to type and gender.The prognosis of aortic dissection was significantly associated with type,gender.Women and diastolic blood pressure level predicted independently the prognosis of aortic dissection.
English Language Learners' Strategies for Reading Computer-Based Texts at Home and in School.

This study investigated four elementary-level English language learners’ (ELLs’) use of strategies for reading computer-based texts at home and in school. The ELLs in this study were in the fourth and fifth grades in a public elementary school. We identify the ELLs’ strategies for reading computer-based texts in home and school environments. We present a taxonomy of five reading-strategy categories, which includes 15 total strategies that they pursued at home and in school. We describe the central role of dialogue in helping ELLs learn to read computer-based texts: The learners engaged in real and virtual dialogues with adults, peers, authors, and themselves, in ways that enhanced their development of effective reading strategies. We discuss pedagogical implications of our findings, describing how parents and teachers might work separately and together to facilitate ELLs’ reading in today’s learning contexts that include electronic literacies.
Introduction and Outline

There are many instances of partially ranked data, where several items are ranked according to some criterion, but the ordering is not complete. In its simplest form, such data arises when there are n distinct items, and each judge lists in order his k favorite items, where k < n. An example with n = 5 and k = 3 is afforded by the De troit Area study, which asks people to specify the first, second, and third most important out of five named parts of marriage [B4]. More complex types of partially ranked data are also possible. The General Social Survey [D1] lists thirteen qualities that a child could possess, and from this list, respondents are asked to choose the most desirable quality, the two next most desirable qualities, the least desirable quality, and the two next least desirable qualities.
How Should Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma Be Treated In Patients Starting Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Just After Implantation Of Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents?

Patients who undergo drug-eluting coronary stent (DES) implantation require dual antiplatelet therapy for at least 6 months. When these patients require non-cardiac surgery, determination of the most appropriate antiplatelet therapy to minimize the risk of stent thrombosis and/or bleeding complications is always difficult. In particular, patients who have just undergone DES implantation have an extremely high risk of stent thrombosis, and delaying surgery is required to reduce the risk. We herein report the case of a male patient in whom hilar cholangiocarcinoma was detected just after implanting DES and who safely underwent curative resection for the hilar cholangiocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This case serves as an example of successful resolution of this challenging problem.
Marihuana and Epilepsy: Activation of Symptoms by Delta-9-THC

“There is not a substance in the materia medica, there is scarcely a substance in the world, capable of passing through the gullet of man, that has not at one time or another enjoyed a reputation of being an anti-epileptic.” This 100-year-old conclusion of Seivking (quoted by Meinardi and Magnus, 1974: 666) puts the issue of purported anticonvulsant effects of marihuana into historical perspective. Considering the number of recent citations, marihuana is developing a reputation of being an anticonvulsant even to the degree that careful attention to details of existing evidence is sometimes lacking. For example, citing an early study by Davis and Ramsey (1949), the recent report on Marijuana and Health (1974: 135) states that “the THC-like compounds worked as well or better than these drugs [diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital] in all children.” The Davis and Ramsey study is often cited as a demonstration of anticonvulsant effects in man but the report is very brief and without a detailed description of methods or results and is difficult to evaluate. Moreover, of the five patients studied one “had prompt exacerbation of seizures” (1949: 285) under one of the THC homologs. The early work of Lowe and Goodman (1947) on seizures induced in rats by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or Metrazol injection has also been misquoted. Fried and McIntyre (1973) cite this study as showing that THC “was effective in attenuating Metrazol induced convulsions.” Actually Lowe and Goodman (1949: 352) report that marihuana constituents and its synthetic homologs “were found ineffective and exhibited a marked lethal synergism with Metrazol,” a result confirmed by Sofia, Solomon, and Barry (1971).
Nonlinear Dynamics in the Earth’s Magnetosphere

Observational evidence and numerical modeling demonstrate that substorms are a global, coherent set of processes within the magnetosphere and ionosphere. This knowledge supports the view that magnetospheric substorms are a configurational instability of the coupled global system. The magnetosphere progresses through a specific sequence of energy-loading and stress-developing states until the entire system suddenly reconfigures. The energy loading-unloading sequence is the basis of nonlinear dynamics models that have been successful in describing the essential behavior of substorms without invoking detailed treatments of the internal substorm instability mechanism. Recent results in data analysis and modeling show that powerful concepts in statistical physics and applied mathematics can be incorporated into space plasma physical research. A number of methods for modeling complex systems, data assimilation, system estimation, and predictive methods have been applied to the recent wealth of ionospheric and magnetospheric data. Nonlinear prediction schemes, for example, have greatly improved space weather forecasting and in most instances they remain more accurate and faster than physics-based models. From the standpoint of basic physical understanding, self-organized criticality recently has been used to describe scale-free avalanching phenomena observed in space plasma domains such as the plasma sheet and its low-altitude extension in the ionosphere. Self-organized criticality arises in the bursty transport of magnetic energy (flux) from the tail lobes, through the plasma sheet, and out of the mid-tail region where reconnection occurs. Multi-point measurement techniques and missions are being developed to determine the spatial and temporal development of the global phenomena that constitute energy dissipation within the magnetosphere.
Cyclophosphamide or Rituximab Treatment of Scleritis and Uveitis for Patients with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Purpose Vision-threatening ocular inflammation can be a devastating complication of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Here we performed a retrospective observational study to describe the safety and efficacy of treating scleritis and uveitis with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab in GPA. Methods A chart review of patients diagnosed with GPA-associated scleritis or uveitis, treated with either cyclophosphamide or rituximab as the final therapy at our clinic, was conducted. A total of 1 year of follow-up visits was required for inclusion in the study. Results Thirteen patients (19 eyes) suffering from GPA-associated scleritis and/or uveitis were identified. As the final therapy, rituximab was administered to 9 patients and cyclophosphamide to 4. Mean duration of follow-up was 55 months (range 16-23 months). Remission was observed in all patients. Three patients had a flare of scleritis after the completion of therapy, and they were restarted on their respective agents. One patient had a flare of retinal vasculitis during rituximab therapy. One patient on cyclophosphamide experienced transient leukopenia. No adverse side effects of rituximab were noted throughout the course of treatment. Conclusions Cyclophosphamide and rituximab are safe and effective agents for controlling scleritis and uveitis associated with GPA, with eventual progression towards steroid-sparing remission.
Perioperative cardiovascular outcomes of non-cardiac solid organ transplant surgery.

Background Perioperative cardiovascular outcomes of transplant surgery are not well defined. We evaluated the incidence of perioperative major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) after non-cardiac transplant surgery from a large database of hospital admissions from the United States. Methods Patients ≥18 years of age undergoing non-cardiac solid organ transplant surgery from 2004 to 2014 were identified from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample. The primary outcome was perioperative MACCE, defined as in-hospital death, myocardial infarction (MI), or ischaemic stroke. Results A total of 49 978 hospitalizations for transplant surgery were identified. Renal (67.3%), liver (21.6%), and lung (6.7%) transplantation were the most common surgeries. Perioperative MACCE occurred in 1539 transplant surgeries (3.1%). Recipients of organ transplantation were more likely to have perioperative MACCE in comparison to non-transplant, non-cardiac surgery [3.1% vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.29, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.22-1.36]. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after transplant surgery were driven by increased mortality (1.7% vs. 1.1%, P < 0.001; aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.23) and MI (1.2% vs. 0.6%, P < 0.001; aOR 2.26, 95% CI 2.09-2.46) vs. non-transplant surgery, with lower rates of stroke (0.3% vs. 0.5%, P < 0.001; aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-0.65). Among patients hospitalized for renal, liver, and lung transplantation, MACCE occurred in 1.7%, 5.6%, and 7.5%, respectively, with no difference in the frequency of MI by surgery type. Conclusions Cardiovascular outcomes of transplant surgery vary by surgical subtype and are largely driven by increased perioperative death and MI. Efforts to reduce cardiovascular risks of non-cardiac organ transplant surgery are necessary.
Heme-protein-ligand interactions.

Recent studies have suggested the use of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds as color forming reagents in cured meats (Tarladgis, 1967; Howard et al., 1973). During screening in frankfurters of a variety of such compounds, including a series of substituted pyridines, we observed the production of a variety of colors. The principal colors were: purple, produced by strong electron acceptors in the 4 position on the pyridine nucleus; orange, produced by methylpyridine derivatives; and red or pink, produced by all other substituents in the 3 or 4 position. These results led us to a more detailed study of the spectra of these pigments, using bovine myoglobin in pH 5.5 buffer which is approximately the pH of meat.
The Sole Negative Vote by the U.S.: the Impact of Ideology and Domestic Politics

The sole negative vote cast by the United States was one of the most vivid examples of the ideological bent of the Reagan White House. In its efforts to assert ideological purity, the U.S. government was willing to sacrifice diplomatic niceties and denigrate world opinion. However, the ensuing storm of public criticism — both at home and abroad — found the administration wanting in its capabilities to articulate its position rationally. The rationale cited centered on concerns of the constitutionality of certain code provisions and the appropriateness of a noncommercial body’s principal involvement in drafting a commercial code.’ However, since the code would not affect the marketing of infant formula foods in the United States in any way that was in contravention of U.S. laws any more than in other industrialized countries that chose to vote for the code’s adoption, the practical effect of the U.S. vote within the United States was inconsequential. Nor was the U.S. position ideologically pure or historically consistent. Even while the United States was arguing against the WHO vote, it was pursuing foreign policy initiatives that were pragmatically desirable but ideologically ambiguous or even in apparent contravention of U.S. laws and international conventions. To wit, it was during this era that high-ranking U.S. government officials (among them, former assistant secretary of state for Central America, Elliott Abrams), were involved in what later came to be known as the Iran-Contra scandal.
Towards the sustainable industrial development of Mars : comparing novel ISRU / ISM architectures using lifetime embodied energy

Aerospace engineers use mass (e.g. IMLEO) as a reliable proxy for space mission costs in space system architecture and trade studies. However, in recent years, the true cost of human space exploration architectures is progressively being decoupled from IMLEO, mainly as a result of reusable rockets, adoption of ISRU and ISM, and a new emphasis on developing permanent infrastructure on other worlds. This thesis investigates the case for adopting embodied energy as a novel and more capable metric for the value and cost of in-space activities. Energy is the natural metric for work, and all in-space activities require costly direct and indirect energy sources. Embodied energy is an objective metric of cumulative past work, first developed by ecologists and economists in the 1970's and mainly used today to evaluate the lifecycle energy performance of buildings. The embodied energy expended in space logistics is proposed as the primary source of embodied energy for all in-space activities, coupling the proposed new method with currently accepted practice of mass minimization. Howard Odum's energy language, which charts flows of embodied energy from sources to producers, consumers and sinks, is adapted for use in the design of an early industrial outpost on Mars. A case study of seven scenaria for this simple Mars outpost over 20 and 40 years, all with identical IMLEO but widely varying embodied energies, is used to demonstrate how embodied energy leads to superior system-wide architectural insights in the design of sustainable, permanent human outposts on other worlds. An early finding is that lifetime embodied energy cost reductions increase with the time horizon and the up-front investment in ISRU and ISM capabilities. Future work based on lifetime embodied energy may result in new approaches for the simultaneous optimization of lifetime emplaced and logistical masses, lifetime energy efficiency and other figures of merit for long term system performance. The proposed Lifetime Embodied Energy metric supports the development of improved methods and tools for the system design of human outposts on other worlds. Improved system design may in turn contribute to the outposts' sustainable growth in an organic manner, and shorten the time between their establishment and Earth independence.
Current conditions in medical genetics practice

This study of current conditions in medical genetics practice is designed to inform public policy development and present possible solutions for improving access to genetic services. Using the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Member Directory, membership directories from regional collaborative partners, listservs from national partners, and social media, a 16-question survey was electronically distributed in 2015. The responses of 924 genetics professionals and related providers present a snapshot of current practice and an assessment of workforce needs. More than 92% of the respondents (837/910) are involved in clinical care. Among geneticists, 60% spend more than 51% of their time in clinical care. Geneticists reported an average of 10.2 new patients per week and 7.8 follow-up visits per week. More than 62% of geneticists said that their practices were nearly full; 9.4% said that they were not taking new patients. The survey identified more than 100 geneticists and 200 genetic counselor job vacancies. Fewer than 18% of respondents reported use of telemedicine. When compared with previously published workforce studies, these data show that wait times and average new patient caseloads have increased, while the number of geneticists has not.
Impacts of Global Warming and Elevated CO2 on Sensory Behavior in Predator-Prey Interactions: A Review and Synthesis

Ecosystems are shaped by complex interactions between species and their environment. However, humans are rapidly changing the environment through increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, creating global warming and elevated CO2 levels that affect ecological communities through multiple processes. Understanding community responses to climate change requires examining the consequences of changing behavioral interactions between species, such as those affecting predator and prey. Understanding the underlying sensory process that govern these interactions, and how they may be affected by climate change provides a predictive framework, but many studies examine behavioral outcomes only. This review summarizes the current knowledge of global warming and elevated CO2 impacts on predator-prey interactions with respect to the relevant aspects of sensory ecology, and we discuss the potential consequences of these effects. Our specific questions concern how climate change affects the ability of predators and prey to collect information and how this affects predator-prey interactions. We develop a framework for understanding how warming and elevated CO2 can alter behavioral interactions by examining how the processes (steps) of sensory cue (or signal) production, transmission and reception may change. This includes both direct effects on cue production and reception resulting from changes in organismal physiology, but also effects on cue transmission resulting from modulation of the physical environment via physical and biotic changes. We suggest that some modalities may be particularly prone to disruption, and that aquatic environments may suffer more serious disruptions as a result of elevated CO2 and warming that collectively affect all steps of the signaling process. Temperature by itself may primarily operate on aspects of cue generation and transmission, implying that sensory-mediated disruptions in terrestrial environments may be less severe. However, significant biases in the literature in terms of modalities (chemosensation), taxa (fish), and stressors (elevated CO2) examined currently prevents accurate generalizations. Significant issues such as multimodal compensation and altered transmission or other environmental effects remain largely unaddressed. Future studies should strive to fill these knowledge gaps in order to better understand and predict shifts in predator-prey interactions in a changing climate.
Cardiac synchronization and arrhythmia during irreversible electroporation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a nonthermal electrical tumor ablative strategy for unresectable tumors. IRE is relatively safe around critical structures but may induce cardiac arrhythmia when its delivery is not synchronized to the cardiac cycle. We performed a systematic literature review to determine rates of arrhythmia when IRE was utilized with or without cardiac synchronization. METHODS An online literature search was conducted with additional hand selection of articles. Data were extracted and pooled analyses were performed. RESULTS Twelve articles were included in analysis. IRE was performed for 481 patients; 46% hepatic tumors (n = 223), 36% pancreatic lesions (n = 168), and multiple other locations including prostate. Synchronization was performed on 422 patients. Arrhythmias were noted in 3.7% of cases (n = 18/481); cardiac synchronization: 1.2% (n = 5/422) vs unsynchronized: 22.0% (n = 13/59), P < .0001. These events occurred in every organ except the prostate. CONCLUSIONS IRE remains a potent technology for unresectable tumors, but arrhythmia is a clinical concern. This literature review confirms that cardiac gating should be used in all cases outside of prostate to prevent this potentially serious adverse event.
El don de la intuición en la interpretación heideggeriana de Kant

espanolEn el presente articulo nuestra manera de proceder estara marcada por la individuacion de los puntos del pensamiento de Kant sobre los que Heidegger ha ejercido su forzamiento. Nos concentraremos en forma particular sobre la primera interpretacion de la Critica kantiana que el filosofo dio en las lecciones del semestre de invierno 1927/28. En efecto, es en este curso donde es posible reconocer la primera intervencion por parte de Heidegger dirigida a la superacion de la metafisica tradicional kantiana y a la construccion de su propia ontologia. Insistiremos de manera particular sobre los conceptos de intuicion, imaginacion y representacion que consideramos fundamentales para la formulacion de esa ontologia. La descripcion de este nucleo de conceptos parece, en efecto, no solo forzar el sentido que Kant les asignaba, sino que ademas da lugar a ciertas ambiguedades que repercuten en la definicion heideggeriana de ontologia. EnglishIn this article, we will focus on the loci of interpretation of Kant's thought in which it seems that Heidegger has forced his interpretation. We will concentrate, in particular, on the first interpretation of the Kantian Criticism on which the philosopher lectured in the winter semester 1927/28. Indeed, it is in these lectures that we can observe Heidegger's first attempt to overcome the traditional Kantian metaphysics in favor of his ontology. We believe, in particular, that the concepts of intuition, imagination, and representation are fundamental for the formulation of that ontology. The description of this core of concepts seems, in effect, not only to force the meaning that Kant assigned to each of them, but also gives rise to certain ambiguities that reverberate in the Heideggerian definition of ontology.
Controlled laboratory trials in sheep with the anthelmintic morantel.

SUMMARY The anthelmintic activity of morantel has been demonstrated in controlled laboratory trials involving natural and experimental infections in sheep. Single oral doses of 6 mg./kg. and higher of a 2 per cent aqueous solution of the tartrate salt resulted in high activity against Haemonchus, Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Chabertia. Activity against Trichuris and Dictyocaulus was low or absent. Immature stages of abomasal and small intestinal worms were also highly susceptible to the drug. The safety margin is approximately twenty times the therapeutic dose of 10 mg./kg.
Cancer and COVID-19: How Understanding Grief Helps the Pandemic Frontlines

I first heard of Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in medical school, when learning how to deliver bad news. […].
DREAM Interrupted: Severing MuvB from DREAM’s pocket protein impairs gene repression but not DREAM assembly on chromatin

The mammalian Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein family, collectively called pocket proteins, regulate entry into and exit from the cell cycle [1-5]. Although pRb plays a dominant role, the Rb-like homologs p130 and p107 represent the ancestral proteins [6, 7] and functionally overlap with pRb to repress cell cycle gene expression during cellular quiescence (G0) [8-10]. Like pRb, p130 and p107 interact with an E2F-DP transcription factor heterodimer [11-13]. Unlike pRb, they also interact with the highly conserved 5-subunit MuvB complex, forming the DREAM (for Dp, Rb-like, E2F, and MuvB) complex, which mediates transcriptional repression through MuvB [8, 14-17]. To address how the Rb-like pocket protein contributes to MuvB-mediated gene repression, we disrupted the interaction between the sole Caenorhabditis elegans pocket protein LIN-35 and the MuvB subunit LIN-52 using CRISPR/Cas9 targeted mutagenesis. Disrupting the LIN-35-MuvB association did not affect DREAM chromatin occupancy but did cause a highly penetrant synthetic multivulval (SynMuv) phenotype, indicating that blocking DREAM assembly impairs MuvB function. Some DREAM target genes became derepressed, indicating that for those genes MuvB chromatin binding alone is not sufficient for gene repression and that direct LIN-35-MuvB association potentiates MuvBs innate repressive activity. Our previous study [17] showed that in worms lacking LIN-35, E2F-DP and MuvB chromatin occupancy is reduced genome-wide. With LIN-35 present, this study demonstrates that the E2F-DP-LIN-35 interaction promotes E2F-DPs chromatin localization, which we hypothesize supports MuvB chromatin occupancy indirectly through DNA. Altogether, this study highlights how the pocket protein family may recruit regulatory factors like MuvB to chromatin through E2F-DP to facilitate their transcriptional activity.nnGraphical AbstractnnO_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=138 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/671024v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1">nView larger version (33K):norg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@71a25org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@45afacorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1106c52org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@137b682_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
SWAN Identification of Common Aneuploidy-Based Oncogenic Drivers

Haploinsufficiency drives Darwinian evolution. Siblings, while alike in many aspects, differ due to monoallelic differences inherited from each parent. In cancer, solid tumors exhibit aneuploid genetics resulting in hundreds to thousands of monoallelic gene-level copy-number alterations (CNAs) in each tumor. Aneuploidy patterns are heterogeneous, posing a challenge to identify drivers in this high-noise genetic environment. Here, we developed Shifted Weighted Annotation Network (SWAN) analysis to assess biology impacted by cumulative monoallelic changes. SWAN enables an integrated pathway-network analysis of CNAs, RNA expression, and mutations via a simple web platform. SWAN is optimized to best prioritize known and novel tumor suppressors and oncogenes, thereby identifying drivers and potential druggable vulnerabilities within cancer CNAs. Protein homeostasis, phospholipid dephosphorylation, and ion transport pathways are commonly suppressed. An atlas of CNA pathways altered in each cancer type is released. These CNA network shifts highlight new, attractive targets to exploit in solid tumors. HighlightsO_LICopy-number alteration pathways define solid tumor biology C_LIO_LISWAN is released as an integrative point-and-click pathway analysis tool C_LIO_LIModerate impact drivers highlighted by SWAN validated in vitro C_LIO_LICopy-number altered pathways associate with mutations and survival C_LI
Nonlinear dynamics phenomena in globoidal cam with roller follower mechanism

Abstract This paper study the nonlinear dynamics phenomena in a globoidal cam and roller follower mechanism. The influence of internal dimension of the follower guide (F.G.I.D.) and cam angular speeds (N) on the nonlinear dynamics behavior are considered. Power spectrum analysis, phase-plane mapping and Largest Lyapunov exponent parameter are used to investigate the non-periodic motion of the follower. A multi degrees of freedom of (spring-damper-mass system) are used to suppress the spiral orbits of the nonlinear dynamics phenomena for the follower movement. Nonlinear dynamic response of the follower movement is calculated using the theory of mechanical vibration. Linear and nonlinear spring-damper systems are used to suppress the nonlinear dynamics phenomena. A bifurcation diagram is used to detect the non-periodic motion of the follower movement. A numerical simulation is done using SolidWorks software. An OPTOTRAK/3020 with an infrared camera device is used to track the follower position experimentally. The peak of nonlinear response of the roller follower is reduced by (20.89 % , 47.76 % , 58.2 % , 67.16 % ) after using multi degrees of freedom systems.
Blunt Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia in Children: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia (TDH) is rare in children, most often occurring following blunt thoracoabdominal trauma from high energy mechanisms, such as motor vehicle collisions (MVC). We performed a systematic review to describe injury details and management. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search was performed to identify publications of blunt TDH in patients < 18 y old. Conflicts were resolved by consensus. Data were collected on demographics, TDH location, mechanism of injury, associated intraabdominal injuries (IAI), management, and outcomes. Denominators vary depending on number of patients with such information reported. RESULTS Fifty-eight articles were reviewed with 142 patients with TDH. The median age was seven y (range 0.25-16). Most were left-sided (85 of 126, 67.5%). MVC was the most common mechanism (66 of 142, 46.5%). IAI was present in 50.0% (57 of 114), most commonly liver injuries (25 of 57, 43.9%). Delayed diagnoses occurred in 49.6% (57 of 115, range 8 h-10 y), and were more common with right-sided TDH (76.0% versus 48.5%, P = 0.02). Chest radiography was 59.0% sensitive for TDH, while computed tomography sensitivity was 65.8%. Operative repair was performed on all surviving patients, and all underwent primary diaphragm repair. The overall mortality was 11.3% (n = 16), with four attributable to the TDH. There were no reported recurrences over a median follow-up of 12 mo. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric TDH is a rare diagnosis with a high rate of associated IAI and delayed diagnosis. Primary diaphragm repair was performed in all cases. Surgeons should maintain a high suspicion for diaphragm injury in blunt thoracoabdominal trauma.
Brief Report: Perceptions of Family-Centered Care Across Service Delivery Systems and Types of Caregiver Concerns About Their Toddlers' Development.

Family-centered care represents a collaborative partnership between caregivers and service providers, and is associated with positive caregiver and child outcomes. This approach may be especially important for caregivers with early concerns about autism, as service providers are often the gateway to appropriately-specialized intervention. Perceptions of family-centered care received from primary care providers (PCPs) and Part C Early Intervention (EI) providers were rated by two groups of caregivers: those concerned about autism (n = 37) and those concerned about another developmental problem (n = 22), using the Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC-20). Ratings did not differ across caregiver groups, but both groups rated EI providers significantly higher than PCPs, which may reflect systems-level differences between primary care and EI.
Reinforcement Learning for Classical Planning: Viewing Heuristics as Dense Reward Generators

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have led to a growing interest in applying RL to classical planning domains or applying classical planning methods to some complex RL domains. However, the long-horizon goal-based problems found in classical planning lead to sparse rewards for RL, making direct application inefficient. In this paper, we propose to leverage domain-independent heuristic functions commonly used in the classical planning literature to improve the sample efficiency of RL. These classical heuristics act as dense reward generators to alleviate the sparse-rewards issue and enable our RL agent to learn domain-specific value functions as residuals on these heuristics, making learning easier. Correct application of this technique requires consolidating the discounted metric used in RL and the non-discounted metric used in heuristics. We implement the value functions using Neural Logic Machines, a neural network architecture designed for grounded first-order logic inputs. We demonstrate on several classical planning domains that using classical heuristics for RL allows for good sample efficiency compared to sparse-reward RL. We further show that our learned value functions generalize to novel problem instances in the same domain.
Scheduling in multimedia wireless networks

Wireless systems in the future will have to provide multimedia services where different users have different physical-layer and network-layer QoS requirements. We investigate the use of power control, processing gain, and scheduling in CDMA systems to accommo-data these diverse service requirements. In [4], we have derived the time-sharing capacity region for any channel state which is given in terms of the convex hull of the set of user bit rates that can be supported simultaneously subject to physical-layer QoS requirements. Therefore by choosing any bit rate vector in the time-sharing capacity region, we automatically satisfy the physical-layer QoS requirements. Thus, it is the control knob used by the scheduler to satisfy the network layer QoS requirements. We consider the problem of scheduling on fading channels where channel state often changes rapidly. We design a class of scheduling policies that guarantees system stability. We use simulation to compare the performance of various policies in this class. Specially, we show that the new “Minimum Draining Time” policy has certain desirable qualities vis-a-vis the “Cone” policy and “Modified Cone” policy. All three are special cases of the class of policies for which we show stability.
DNA computing from a signal processing viewpoint

In this article, an analysis of Adleman's experiment and a review of DNA computing applications from a signal-processing point of view are provided. In addition, certain key parts of DNA computing are emphasized, such as the code word design, to which the application of signal processing theory and techniques can offer significant advantages. The goal of this article is to introduce to the signal processing community a new unexplored area of research.
Low grade endotoxemia delays wound healing associated with inflammatory monocytes/macrophages expansion (INC7P.405)

Low grade endotoxemia, mainly caused by subclinical level of blood circulating LPS, is prevalent in the individuals with adverse health conditions or lifestyles. Here, we found that low doses LPS (50 pg/ml~1 ng/ml) preferentially expanded Ly6C+ monocyte population in bone marrow cultures supplemented with M-CSF. TGF-β production in monocytes was diminished by low dosed LPS. Interestingly, high doses LPS (10 ng/ml~1 µg/ml) decreased Ly6C+ monocyte population. Low doses LPS dramatically enhanced IL-12 production but reduced iNOS expression in macrophages, while high doses LPS exerted an opposite impact. In a mouse model with wound punctures on the back skin, super low grade LPS administration (5 µg/kg) remarkably delayed wound repair, as shown by three days’ lag in wound closure compared to PBS injected mice. We observed a two-fold reduction of collagen deposition around wound sites, suggesting disruption of tissue remodeling. Consistent with in vitro studies, we detected increased numbers of Ly6C+ monocytes circulating in peripheral blood and accumulated in wound lesions in the mice with LPS treatment. Moreover, TGF-β production in the skin, which facilitates wound repairing, was also remarkably impaired by low grade LPS administration. These data demonstrated that subclinical level of LPS was sufficient to prime monocytes/macrophages and compromise wound healing process, potentially due to the expansion of monocytes/macrophages with low-grade pro-inflammatory properties.
Iterative Commutant Lifting for Systems with Rational Symbol

Among Professor Gohberg’s many impressive achievements is the solid and fruitful connection he established among the fields of operator theory, linear algebra, and systems theory. Many researchers have now since followed in this pioneering trail led by Israel Gohberg.