cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Diagnosis of Clinically Significant Hyperfibrinolysis Using Thrombelastography Velocity Curves

Background Clot lysis values (LY30) determined by rapid thrombelastography (rTEG) predict postinjury transfusion needs and mortality risk. However, the first derivative velocity curve values generated by rTEG measuring lysis—maximum rate of lysis (MRL) and total lysis (TL)—have not been evaluated. Although recent data support use of antifibrinolytics in trauma, the population that would benefit remains poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to determine if velocity curves more accurately predict large volume transfusions and early mortality than conventional rTEG values. Study Design Conventional and velocity curve admission rTEG values of adult trauma patients were retrospectively evaluated for their ability to predict early transfusion of RBC and plasma, substantial bleeding, massive transfusion, and mortality. Patient outcomes were compared according to hyperfibrinolysis diagnosed by velocity curve values and the conventional LY30 cutoff. Results There were 1,625 patients included. Clot lysis values predicted early transfusion of RBC (p = 0.003), but not plasma (p = 0.298), within 3 hours of arrival. With respect to velocity curves, MRL and TL predicted both early RBC and plasma transfusion (p Conclusions Velocity curve measures of fibrinolysis are stronger predictors of early transfusion of blood components, bleeding, and mortality after trauma compared with conventional rTEG values. In addition, the MRL is more rapidly available after arrival, which may facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment of clinically significant hyperfibrinolysis.
The role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of tubular function

The phrase reactive oxygen species covers a number of molecules and atoms, including the quintessential member of the group, O - 2; singlet oxygen; H 2 O 2 ; organic peroxides; and OONO - . While nitric oxide (NO) is also technically a member of the reactive oxygen species family, it is generally considered with a different class of compounds and will not be considered here. To our knowledge, there are currently no published data reporting the effects of reactive oxygen species on net transepithelial flux in the proximal nephron. However, there is evidence that OONO - regulates Na + /K + adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity as well as paracellular permeability. While it is easy to speculate that such an effect on the pump would decrease net transepithelial solute and water reabsorption, one cannot do so without knowing how other transporters are affected. O - 2 stimulates NaCI absorption by the thick ascending limb by activating protein kinase C and blunting the effects of NO. The effects of O - 2 on thick ascending limb NaCI absorption may be important for the initiation of salt-sensitive hypertension. To our knowledge, there are no published data concerning the role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of solute absorption in either the distal convoluted tubule or the collecting duct. However, OONO - inhibits basolateral K + channels in the cortical collecting duct, although the net effect of such inhibition is unknown. Conclusion: While the regulation of tubular transport by reactive oxygen species is important to overall salt and water balance, we know very little about where and how these regulators act along the nephron.
On the annealing of dislocation loops by climb

Abstract It is pointed out that the only case where the shrinkage rate of a climbing dislocation loop can be predicted without making detailed and untested assumptions about climb processes in the core is the limiting case where the creation and destruction of point defects in the core are rapid enough so that somehow the core is capable of acting as an “ideal source” with the capability of maintaining local detailed balance with defects in the lattice. Under these conditions it is found that loop shrinkage, even in thin films suitable for transmission electron microscopy, should usually occur under diffusion controlled conditions. Our present lack of knowledge regarding the variety of mechanisms by which the ideal source condition can be achieved is emphasized. The detailed and specific climb model of Silcox and Whelan, which has been universally employed in the literature in the treatment of this problem, is shown to depend upon a number of restrictive and untested assumptions. It is shown however that ...
Six-coordinate molybdenum nitrosyls with a single ene-1,2-dithiolate ligand

Abstract The synthesis and molecular structures of the (Tp*)Mo(NO)(SS) family of compounds (where (Tp*) is hydrotris(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borate; (SS) is an ene-1,2-dithiolate) are reported. The compounds; (Tp*)Mo(NO)(bdt) (1), (Tp*)Mo(NO)(tdt) (2), and (Tp*)Mo(NO)(bdtCl2) (3) (bdt, 1,2-benzenedithiolate; tdt, 3,4-toluenedithiolate; bdtCl2, 3,6-dichlorobenzenedithiolate), are the first such structurally characterized {MoNO}4 compounds that contain a [(Tp*)Mo(NO)]2+ fragment ligated to an ene-1,2-dithiolate. The compounds crystallize in the space groups P21/c (1) (a=11.115(2) A, b=13.667(3) A, c=16.410(3) A; β=98.36(3)°, Volume=2466.4(8) A3, Z=4); P21/n (2) (a=15.579(3) A, b=9.942(2) A, c=16.527(3) A; β=95.79(3)°, Volume=2546.7(9) A3, Z=4); and Pnma (3) (a=17.9879(9) A, b=13.2277(7) A, c=11.2505(6) A; Volume=2676.9(2) A3, Z=4). The molecular structures show that the inner coordination sphere remains invariant within this family. A remarkable feature is the fold angle (θ) between the MoS2 plane and S2C2 plane of the ene-1, 2-dithiolate chelate ring. The fold angles (θ) of 42.1° in 1, 41.1° in 2 and 44.4° in 3 are substantially larger than in analogous compounds with a terminal oxo group. Additional insight into the chemistry and properties of complexes 1–3 has been obtained by cyclic voltammetry, IR, NMR, electronic absorption and He I photoelectron (PES) spectroscopies.
Trusted Computer Systems

The DOD Computer Security Initiative, is aimed at stimulating the widespread commercial availability of trusted computer systems. A trusted computer system is one that employs sufficient hardware and software integrity measures to allow its use in processing multiple levels of classified or sensitive information.
From support vector machine learning to the determination of the minimum enclosing zone

The verification of form tolerances requires the determination of the minimum enclosing zone according to the ANSI Y14.5M National Standard on Dimensioning and Tolerancing. However, to date many coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) still employ the least-squares method, which has the economic disadvantage of sometimes rejecting good parts. Support vector machines represent a new approach in the area of machine learning, which has been implemented successfully in pattern recognition and regression estimation problems. This article outlines, how the support vector algorithm, as used in classification problems, can be modified in order to identify the minimum enclosing zone for straightness and flatness tolerances. A gradient ascent approach is proposed to identify the solution of the resulting non-convex optimization problem. Numerical results for evaluating the minimum enclosing zone suggest rather promising properties of the employed gradient ascent method.
Palliative nephrostomy for relief of ureteral obstruction secondary to malignancy

A mean survival of 7.6 months in 20 patients undergoing nephrostomy for relief of ureteral obstruction from advanced pelvic malignancy was not as dismal as previous reports have indicated. Patients with bilateral ureteral obstruction from direct extension of pelvic malignancy survived considerably longer and appear to be the best candidates for nephrostomy. The physician must be cautious in advising the procedure to patients with bilateral ureteral obstruction from disseminated disease originating outside the pelvis since mean survival in this group (3 patients) was less than one month. Nephrostomies were associated with a significant incidence of perinephric abscess (15 per cent) emphasizing the technical aspect of accurate placement to avoid leakage of potentially infected urine.
More significant and intentional learning in the economics classroom

By using Fink's taxonomy to shape new learning goals and creating new learning and assessment activities, two teachers succeeded in raising students' awareness of the value of their courses and enabled them to become more reflective learners in the process.
PEOPLE PLANNING BY A FIXED RESOURCE METHOD

Summary.-Results are presented from a new method to determine a person's conception of complex stimuli. In three related experiments Ss expressed their views of ideal organisms by distributing a fixed resource among hypothetical properties of the ideal. The results from the experiments were highly correlated, lending weight to the reliability and generality of the approach. Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling were used to group the properties in rwo dimensions, while the mean amount allocated to a property was represented in the third dimension. A three-dimensional plot was constructed for each of four ideals: the only organism on earth, a member of the only species on earth, an organism going into outer space, and an organism coming to earth from outer space. This paper concerns a new method to assess a person's multidimensional judgments or conceptions of complex stimuli whose components are interdependent. Our specific application of this paradigm is to have Ss express their views about ideal organisms by indicating the relative amounts of resource they would allocate to various properties of their hypothetical ideal. The value of this type of behavioral method is most apparent in areas such as environmental planning and person perception but may also have relevance for future issues in "genetic engineering." The new area of empirically-based planning must eventually include data about user plans for physical and psychological environments (Craik, 1970; Proshansky, Ittelson, & Rivlin, 1970). Two problems arise in securing these plans. The first is that current assessment practice in this field relies heavily upon questionnaire and interview techniques. With these methods a single preference ordering is elicited for a set of variables. The major difficulty here is that, while the variables are presented in isolation, they are liable to be tied together from the person's standpoint (Lansing, Marans, & Zehner, 1970; Stegman, 1969). The second problem is that most real-world plans must be developed within boundaries set by political, physical, or cost factors (e.g., Catanese & Steiss, 1970). This suggests that a useful behavioral technique, in addition to eliciting a multidimensional preference ordering, should also force Ss to work within the constraints of a fixed resource or cost requirement. Several areas of psychology have been plagued by similar problems. In traditional work on person perception Ss indicate personality traits that do and
The qualitative and quantitative determinations of ecdysones in tissues of the crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes, following molt induction.

On the basis of chromatographic evidence, it appears that the major circulating molting hormone is β-ecdysone in the crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes. This circulating molting hormone does not appear to be bound to any carrier protein in the hemolymph. The effects of eyestalk extirpation and the removal of the Y-organ upon the tissue distribution of ecdysone are documented using a radioimmunoassay. From in vitro experiments, it is demonstrated that crab tissues have the ability to convert radiolabeled α- to β-ecdysone. Of the tissues examined, the testis appears to have the greatest capacity for this conversion.
VNIR hyperspectral background characterization methods in adverse weather conditions

Hyperspectral technology is currently being used by the military to detect regions of interest where potential targets may be located. Weather variability, however, may affect the ability for an algorithm to discriminate possible targets from background clutter. Nonetheless, different background characterization approaches may facilitate the ability for an algorithm to discriminate potential targets over a variety of weather conditions. In a previous paper, we introduced a new autonomous target size invariant background characterization process, the Autonomous Background Characterization (ABC) or also known as the Parallel Random Sampling (PRS) method, features a random sampling stage, a parallel process to mitigate the inclusion by chance of target samples into clutter background classes during random sampling; and a fusion of results at the end. In this paper, we will demonstrate how different background characterization approaches are able to improve performance of algorithms over a variety of challenging weather conditions. By using the Mahalanobis distance as the standard algorithm for this study, we compare the performance of different characterization methods such as: the global information, 2 stage global information, and our proposed method, ABC, using data that was collected under a variety of adverse weather conditions. For this study, we used ARDEC's Hyperspectral VNIR Adverse Weather data collection comprised of heavy, light, and transitional fog, light and heavy rain, and low light conditions.
The value of energy efficiency programs for US residential and commercial buildings in a warmer world

US residential and commercial buildings were responsible for about 41 exajoules (EJ) of primary energy use per year in 2002, accounting for approximately 9% of the world fossil-fuel related anthropogenic carbon (C) emissions of 6.7 Gt that contribute to climate change. US Government-sponsored building energy efficiency research and implementation programs are focused on reducing energy consumption in US residential and commercial buildings and reducing these carbon (C) emissions. Although not specifically intended for adaptation to a warmer climate and less effective than under today’s cooler climate, these programs also could help reduce energy demand in a future warmer world. Warming scenarios projected by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2001 imply net overall decreases in both site energy and primary energy consumption in US residential and commercial buildings, largely because of the reduced need for heating. However, there would be as much as a 25% increase in building space cooling demand and a significant part of the increase could be offset by energy-efficiency improvements in buildings. Overall, in the US, buildings-related energy efficiency programs would reduce site energy consumption in buildings in the US by more than 2 EJ in 2020 and primary energy by more than 3.5 EJ, more than enough to offset the projected growth in cooling energy consumption due to climate change and growth in the US building stock. The savings would have an estimated annual net value at 2005 energy prices of between $45.0 and $47.3 billion to consumers.
Diagnosis of CMT1A duplications and HNPP deletions by interphase FISH: implications for testing in the cytogenetics laboratory.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1A is an inherited peripheral neuropathy characterized by slowly progressive distal muscle wasting and weakness, decreased nerve conduction velocities, and genetic linkage to 17p12. Most (>98%) CMT1A cases are caused by a DNA duplication of a 1.5-Mb region in 17p12 containing the PMP22 gene. The reciprocal product of the CMT1A duplication is a 1.5-Mb deletion which causes hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). The most informative current diagnostic testing requires pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to detect DNA rearrangement-specific junction fragments. We investigated the use of interphase FISH for the detection of duplications and deletions for these disorders in the clinical molecular cytogenetics laboratory. Established cell lines or blood specimens from 23 individuals with known molecular diagnoses and 10 controls were obtained and scored using a two-color FISH assay. At least 70% of CMT1A cells displayed three signals consistent with duplications. Using this minimum expected percentile to make a CMT1A duplication diagnosis, all patients with CMT1A showed a range of 71–92% of cells displaying at least three signals. Of the HNPP cases, 88% of cells displayed only one hybridization signal, consistent with deletions. The PMP22 locus from normal control individuals displayed a duplication pattern in ∼9% of cells, interpreted as replication of this locus. The percentage of cells showing replication was significantly lower than in those cells displaying true duplications. We conclude that FISH can be reliably used to diagnose CMT1A and HNPP in the clinical cytogenetics laboratory and to readily distinguish the DNA rearrangements associated with these disorders from individuals without duplication or deletion of the PMP22 locus. Am. J. Med. Genet. 69:325–331, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A novel means of measuring non-common path errors in an adaptive optics system

A new technique is presented for measuring the phase map due to aberrations in the wavefront-sensor non-common path of an adaptive optics system, for the common architecture in which wavefront-sensor and science paths are split at a dichroic. The underlying technique was originally developed to give absolute surface metrology with laboratory phaseshifting interferometers, correcting in that case for the unknown phase corruption due to imperfections in a transmission flat that contains the reference surface. As applied to an adaptive optics system, the technique makes use of simple mechanical actuation, normally available for pupil alignment, to isolate errors up- and down-stream of the dichroic. With auxiliary phase-diversity data from the science path, flexure-induced phase errors within both non-common paths may be characterized, yielding information about the temporally persistent speckles they are thought to produce.
Long crossover times in a finite system.

We sutdy a stochastic interacting particle system which displays a nonequilibrium transition in its relaxation dynamics in the infinite volume limit. The transition is destroyed by restriction to a finite volume, but its remnants remain until a crossover time ${T}_{c}$(L,\ensuremath{\epsilon}), where L is the system size and \ensuremath{\epsilon} is the control parameter measuring the distance from the bulk transition. We find that the crossover time ${T}_{c}$(L,\ensuremath{\epsilon}) diverges where \ensuremath{\epsilon}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0 in a fixed volume. Thus this finite volume system displays arbitrarily long time scales near the transition.
Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless legs syndrome is a common sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urge to move, and associated with uncomfortable sensations in the legs (limbs). Restless legs syndrome can lead to sleep-onset or sleep-maintenance insomnia, and occasionally excessive daytime sleepiness, all leading to significant morbidity. Brain iron deficiency and dopaminergic neurotransmission abnormalities play a central role in the pathogenesis of this disorder, along with other nondopaminergic systems, although the exact mechanisms are still. Intensive care unit patients are especially vulnerable to have unmasking or exacerbation of restless legs syndrome because of sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disturbance, immobilization, iron deficiency, and use of multiple medications that can antagonize dopamine.
Prognosis of seminal vesicle involvement by transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

ABSTRACTPurpose:: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder that extends directly into contiguous organs (pT4) portends a poor prognosis. The 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system does not include seminal vesicle involvement by primary TCC of the bladder. In this analysis we evaluated the clinical outcomes and prognostic significance of seminal vesicle involvement with TCC of the bladder after radical cystectomy.Materials and Methods:: From 1971 to 2001, 1,682 patients underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer. Only those tumors that involved adjacent organs through the bladder wall (pT4) were included. Overall 132 male patients with a median age of 68 years (range 36 to 98) qualified for analysis. Patients were stratified into 4 subgroups of 1) direct extravesical prostatic stromal involvement only in 37 patients (28%), 2) prostatic stroma and seminal vesicle involvement in 37 patients (28%), 3) seminal vesicle involvement only in 10 patients (8%) ...
Negation through history: dialectics and human development

Abstract A central tenet of this paper is that dialectics has served as a foundational basis for a number of important developmental theories. In spite of this, explicit discussion of dialectics as a general frame of reference for the study of human development has had an uneven history in the field of human development, especially in the United States. A number of theorists have offered reasons as to why dialectics has failed to achieve greater recognition in the field. This paper focuses on two possible interdependent reasons: (1) dialectics position in the history of ideas as an alternative to empiricism and rationalism, and (2) the lack of historical explication of dialectics as a tool for the study of human development. Historical explication is especially important, because it brings into focus the important relationship(s) between dialectics, history, and phenomenology. A limited historical analysis covers some of the philosophical underpinnings of dialectics; the way in which social theorists translated dialectics into issues of social and cognitive development in general; and the way in which two leading dialectical theorists applied these ideas to the study of human development in particular.
Intracellular and virion 35 S RNA species of murine sarcoma and leukemia viruses.

Abstract RNA molecules from the following sources were treated with dimethyl sulfoxide to dissociate noncovalent aggregates and resolved by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels: (1) transformed MSV(MLV)-producing Balb/3T3 cells (MSV-39, clone 24), (2) transformed MSV(MLV)-producing rat cells (78A1), (3) MSV transformed, non virus-producing hamster cells (HT-1), (4) MLV-producing Balb/3T3 cells, (5) MLV-producing NIH/3T3 cells (6) 60–70 S RNA from MSV(MLV) virions, and (7) 60–70 S RNA from MLV virions. Virus-specific RNA was detected by hybridization of RNA in gel fractions with the 3 H-DNA product of the MSV(MLV) RNA-directed DNA polymerase. Two well defined viral RNA species with sedimentation coefficients of 35 S and 20 S, but none of intermediate size, were detected in both MSV(MLV) producing cell lines. The non virus-producing HT-1 cell line contained a viral RNA species slightly smaller than 35 S, about 33 S, but no detectable 20 S virus-specific RNA. These results with 78A1 and HT-1 cells agree with previous conclusions based on rate-zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients (Tsuchida et al. , 1972). The two MLV-producing mouse cell lines contained a well defined 35 S RNA peak, a somewhat less pronounced 20 S RNA peak, and heterogeneous RNA species of smaller molecular weights. Although both 35 S and 20 S virus RNA species were detected in cells replicating murine oncornaviruses, labeled 60–70 S RNA isolated from MSV(MLV) virions (consisting mainly of MLV) and MLV virions, and dissociated with dimethyl sulfoxide or by heat, consisted of 35 S RNA and about 10–15% 7 S RNA plus 4–5 RNA, but no detectable 20 S RNA. Hybridization-competition experiments using MSV(MLV) 60–70 S 3 H-RNA (consisting mainly of MLV RNA) and saturating amounts of the unlabeled DNA product of the MSV(MLV) RNA-directed DNA polymerase showed that 35 S RNA from cells replicating MSV(MLV) shares virtually all of its nucleotide sequences with MSV(MLV) 70 S RNA; these data suggest that intracellular 35 S RNA species are the major precursors to virion 70 S RNA. In contrast, 33 S RNA from HT-1 cells shares only about 50% of its sequences with MSV(MLV) 70 S RNA indicating that only part of the sequences of MSV(MLV) 60–70 S RNA are integrated and/or transcribed in this non virus-producing MSV transformed cell.
Tool-use in free-ranging baboons of Nairobi National Park

A free-ranging male olive baboon (P. c. anubis) was observed as he used a small twig to locate, extract, and sort pea-sized stone fragments from a clay matrix prior to chewing and swallowing them. Occurrence of this behavior in a feral cercopithecine monkey, albeit in a single instance, indicates that the capacity for tool-use extends more broadly and deeply into the order Primates than heretofore recognized.
1 A Plug‐and‐Play Early Validation Module

In the complex world of developing requirements and eliciting user needs, engineers build billions of dollars of products that are wrong on delivery, because they solved the wrong problem. All technical people need specialized techniques and processes to increase the probability of developing the right products in the future. Everyone discusses the importance of getting the stakeholder involved, but the present techniques do little to address this problem. Presently, validation is the stakeholder's only mechanism to test that the developer is building the right product. Validation is the process of testing for technical appropriateness and adequacy near the end of the system life cycle process. An Early Validation (EaVa) module will stablize the problem statement, which will enhance the probability of technical appropriateness and adequacy. EaVa can be used continuously, developing requirements, or for the preliminary design phase depending on the system and the stakeholder's needs. EaVa tries to ensure the engineers are solving the right problem prior to the majority of the resources being committed late in the design phase. A critical piece is getting user feedback, based on this EV step, from independent agents or engineers within the process.
A study on diffusion couples of Ti and polysynthetically twinned (PST) Ti–Al: II. Interdiffusion results

Abstract Interdiffusion in multi-phase diffusion couples of polycrystalline Ti and polysynthetically twinned (PST) Ti–49.3 at.% Al, with the diffusion direction parallel to the lamellar planes, is investigated in the temperature range 973–1173 K. A reaction zone (RZ) of the α2-Ti3Al phase forms between the end materials and exhibits deeper penetration in the α2 lamellae than in the primary γ lamellae. Direct measurements of the RZ thickness reveal a parabolic growth of the RZ, indicating a diffusion-controlled growth macroscopically. Concentration profiles from the Ti, through the RZ, into the PST γ and α2 lamellae are measured by X-ray spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. Deviations from a diffusion-controlled composition profile indicate some extent of interface-controlled growth. The interdiffusion coefficients are found to be largely independent of composition with a temperature dependence that obeys the Arrhenius relationship with a pre-exponential factor of D 0 = ( 7.56 ± 7.14 ) × 10 − 5 m 2 / s and an activation enthalpy of Q = ( 255.6 − 8.3 + 8.9 ) kJ / mol .
Foxa2 and H2A.Z Mediate Nucleosome Depletion during Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Nucleosome occupancy is fundamental for establishing chromatin architecture. However, little is known about the relationship between nucleosome dynamics and initial cell lineage specification. Here, we determine the mechanisms that control global nucleosome dynamics during embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation into endoderm. Both nucleosome depletion and de novo occupation occur during the differentiation process, with higher overall nucleosome density after differentiation. The variant histone H2A.Z and the winged helix transcription factor Foxa2 both act to regulate nucleosome depletion and gene activation, thus promoting ES cell differentiation, whereas DNA methylation promotes nucleosome occupation and suppresses gene expression. Nucleosome depletion during ES cell differentiation is dependent on Nap1l1-coupled SWI/SNF and INO80 chromatin remodeling complexes. Thus, both epigenetic and genetic regulators cooperate to control nucleosome dynamics during ES cell fate decisions.
Development of defined and minimal media for the growth of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus Vc1

The nutritional requirements of Pyrococcus furiosus were determined using extended continuous culture in the absence of elemental sulfur in an anaerobic gaslift bioreactor. Replacement of complex nutrients by maltose, amino acids and vitamins alone supported growth. When the organic components of this defined medium were optimised, equilibrium cell densities of 1010 ml−1 were achieved. Selective feeding and withdrawal revealed requirements for l-proline, l-cysteine and d-biotin. Replacement of maltose by dextrin allowed growth in closed bottles on both the defined and minimal media, again in the absence of elemental sulfur. A simple procedure for the efficient plating of P. furiosus on solid media was also developed.
Assessing Psychological Symptoms in Recent Immigrant Adolescents

Immigrant youth are often exposed to numerous psychosocial stressors, placing them at risk for psychological distress. Little research assesses psychopathology in this population during early stages of acculturation. This study compared student and teacher reports of psychological symptoms in a diverse sample of recently immigrated youth. Students (N = 174) attended public high schools in a northeastern city. Students and teachers independently completed the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment, and four DSM-derived subscales were explored. Psychological symptoms among immigrant students were higher than normative rates. Across all subscales, teacher ratings of student symptoms were significantly lower than student self-reported symptoms, and this difference was larger than that found in a normative sample. Results suggest that many immigrant youth experience psychological problems but may not be perceived as being in distress. Therefore, the most effective assessment approach may be active screening, rather than relying on self initiated help-seeking or teacher observation alone.
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treatment of household burns and scalds in children

We report about the treatment of thermic lesions on children"s hands and face caused by household injuries with Low Level Laser therapy (wave length 810/670 nm, energy density 2 J/cm2). All of our patients (n = 16, median age 2 years) could be treated successfully, the treatment being easy applicable and non-invasive.© (2004) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Electrophoresis of soluble proteins extracted from cell suspensions of neonatal rat epidermis.

During keratinization basal cells differentiate sequentially into spinous, granular, and keratinized cells. One method nf studying keratinization involves separating the tissue into cell types of its component strata and examining them for differences in synthetic activity. Another approach involves analyzing the preparations in order to determine what proteins are present at each stage of differentiation. This study deals with polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoretic analysis of neutral salt soluble proteins obtained from the four cell populations. In the basal, spinous, and granular cell gels there are some 18 electrophoretic hands. Using the most prominent band as reference (R 1 53–57). there are eight faster-moving and 10-slower-moving hands. In electrophoretograms of protein from the keratinized cells, on the other hand, only four prominent bands are present and of these two are new. The other hands are present as traces or are lacking. They apparently represent substances which diminish during differentiation or are precursor of new protein. The alteration in soluble protein content in the differentiated as opposed to the undifferentiated cell gels may be utilized to study sequential changes which occur during keratinization.
Working with Existing Databases

Outcomes research has established itself as an integral part of surgical research as physicians and hospitals are increasingly required to demonstrate attainment of performance markers and surgical safety indicators. Large-volume and clinical and administrative databases are used to study regional practice pattern variations, health care disparities, and resource utilization. Understanding the unique strengths and limitations of these large databases is critical to performing quality surgical outcomes research. In the current work, we review the currently available large-volume databases including selection processes, modes of analyses, data application, and limitations.
A Computer-Aided Affective Content Analysis of Nanotechnology Newspaper Articles

This paper explores the application of an affective content analysis to a selection of nanotechnology news articles gathered from selected newspapers. Thematic content analyses dominate current efforts to mine large text collections of popular science media; the addition of an affective analysis element can yield useful information to supplement future content analysis efforts. Using Whissell’s Dictionary of Affect in Language, the analysis rates news articles gathered over a twenty-two year period for their pleasantness, activeness, and imagery, determining the mean affective tone in each category for the entire collection, four ‘content themes’ (business, national security, health, and environment), and the change in affective tone over the twenty-two year period these articles represent. Whereas the entire collection analyzed as a whole rates very similarly to the average found for everyday English language use and the ‘content themes’ show similar results, the change in affective tone over the years has been both significant and striking. A sample of results from three years of the twenty-two year period is then qualitatively explored to demonstrate to the reader the connection between the quantitative results of the Dictionary and the qualitative effect of the article’s word use and phrasing. The paper ends with a review of the technique’s success, implications for policymaking and public dialogue, and avenues for future use.
Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling

Inevitable consequences of the practice of solid waste disposal in landfills are gas and leachate generation due primarily to microbial decomposition, climatic conditions, refuse characteristics and landfilling operations. The migration of gas and leachate away from the landfill boundaries and their release into the surrounding environment present serious environmental concerns at both existing and new facilities. Besides potential health hazards, these concerns include, and are not limited to, fires and explosions, vegetation damage, unpleasant odors, landfill settlement, ground water pollution, air pollution and global warming. This paper presents an overview of gas and leachate formation mechanisms in landfills and their adverse environmental impacts, and describes control methods to eliminate or minimize these impacts.
Postmenopausal osteoporosis. What have we learned since the introduction of bisphosphonates

Over the past 12 years bisphosphonates have become a mainstay of treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. As a class, bisphosphonates significantly suppress bone turnover and increase BMD at the lumbar spine and other site through their direct inhibitory effects on osteoclasts. Alendronate and risedronate reduce the incidence of clinical vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. Etidronate and both oral and intravenous ibandronate reduce the incidence of clinical vertebral fractures, but data from primary analyses for reduction in non-vertebral fractures are currently less robust. Intravenous administration of zoledronate is under late-stage investigation for use in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Combinations of alendronate with estrogen or raloxifene provide a greater reduction in bone turnover markers and greater increases in BMD, but fracture risk reduction has not been determined. Overall, bisphosphonates are well tolerated. The most common side effects of oral bisphosphonates are upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Newer safety concerns about the use of bisphosphonates include osteonecrosis of the jaw and oversuppression of bone turnover. The optimal duration of bisphosphonate treatment has not been clearly established.
Rank one lightly mixing

A rank one transformationT was constructed by Chacon that is weakly mixing but not mixing. We will show thatT is lightly mixing, not partially mixing, and not lightly 2-mixing.
Reply to White

to the editor: Our interpretation of Dr. White's letter ([10][1]) is that he pretty much agrees that our findings suggest that thin-fiber muscle afferents in the human are significantly involved in the cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to rhythmic exercise ([1][2]) and one of the possible
Development of muscularity and weight concerns in heterosexual and sexual minority males.

OBJECTIVE To examine the development of muscularity and weight concerns among heterosexual and sexual minority males in adolescence. METHOD Participants were 5,868 males from the Growing Up Today Study, a U.S. prospective cohort spanning ages 9-25 years. Generalized estimating equations were used to test sexual orientation differences in the development of muscularity concerns, weight gain attempts, and weight and shape concern. RESULTS Desire for bigger muscles increased slightly each year across adolescence (β = .10, 95% C.I. = .09, .11) regardless of sexual orientation, but gay and bisexual participants reported greater desire for toned muscles than completely and mostly heterosexual males (β = .39, 95% C.I. = .21, .57). Desire for toned muscles did not change with age. Attempts to gain weight increased threefold across adolescence, with up to 30% reporting weight gain attempts by age 16. Although underweight males (the smallest weight status class) were most likely to attempt to gain weight, most of the observed weight gain attempts were by healthy (69%) and overweight/obese (27%) males, suggesting that most attempts were medically unnecessary and could lead to overweight. Sexual minority participants were 20% less likely to report weight gain attempts than completely heterosexual participants. Weight and shape concern increased with age, with gay and bisexual participants experiencing a significantly greater increase than heterosexual males. CONCLUSIONS Sexual orientation modifies the development and expression of male weight and muscularity concerns. The findings have implications for early interventions for the prevention of obesity and eating disorder risk in heterosexual and sexual minority males.
Marriage and divorce among young adult cancer survivors

Purpose We examined marital outcomes among cancer survivors diagnosed during early adulthood from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System dataset.
Influence of adult experience on host microhabitat location by the generalist parasitoid, Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

The effect of adult experience on microhabitat location behavior of the generalist parasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron)was examined in a wind tunnel bioassay. Responses were tested to the odors of two host plants (cotton and sesame) of Heliothis virescens (F.) or a nonhost plant (potato), either damaged and infested with host larvae and host products (host/plant complex) or intact, clean and uninfested. Parasitoid females remained naive or were allowed one oviposition experience on either of the plants, 1 min, 2 h, or 24 h prior their introduction into the wind tunnel. In a no-choice test, parasitoids experienced 1 min prior to bioassay completed significantly more flights to sesame and potato host/plant complexes than did naive parasitoids. However, 24 h after experience, only females experienced on potato completed more flights to the host/ plant complex than did naive females. Parasitoids experienced 1 min prior to flight to undamaged plants showed a slight increase in flight response (significant only for potato) but, after 24 h, completed only as many flights as naive parasitoids. In a dual-choice situation, parasitoids did not show a preference for either of the two host plants but did prefer a host to a nonhost plant. This innate plant preference was not changed by a single oviposition experience. The potential significance of these results to the microhabitat location behavior of C. sonorensisin the field is discussed.
A computer program for the peripheral pulse wave

Abstract A computer program has been written to analyze the peripheral pulse wave. The points and distances selected for measurement include not only those of known significance, but also many whose importance is not known at present. It is hoped that large population studies can be performed with the aid of this program to determine the prevalence of peripheral arterial obstruction and to obtain more information about the normal range of variation of the pulse wave.
Systemic venous reactivity

Abstract Bartlestone previously has described a preparation (MVO) for assessing the constrictor response to carotid artery hypotension of the caudal venous bed separated by simultaneous occlusion of the descending thoracic aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC). This preparation was utilized to evaluate the extent to which changes in pressure in the caudal venous bed were influenced by crosscirculation from the active (cephalic) circulation. Observations were presented demonstrating that during MVO opening the caudal aorta into a reservoir decreases IVC and internal mammary (cephalic arterial) pressure, and that jugular infusion elevates superior vena caval (SVC) and cephalic arterial pressures and increases caudal aortic flow. Jugular infusion with the aorta intact increases SVC, cephalic arterial, IVC, and caudal aortic pressures. Further, an elevation of SVC pressure during MVO increases IVC pressure—a response which was not modified by reserpine pretreatment. These results were interpreted as indicating that the stability of IVC pressure during MVO depends upon a constant rate of cross-circulation between the cephalic and caudal vascular beds. In addition, a new experimental method was described by means of which estimates of total systemic venous reactivity can be made during brief periods of total circulatory arrest.
Chromosome 17-linked dementias

Chromosome 17-linked dementias have been defined by linkage analysis. The most common of these syndromes has been estimated to be the cause of between 2 and 20% of all dementia and has alternately been called frontotemporal dementia, Pick's disease (without Pick bodies) and dementia lacking distinctive features [1-3]. The identification of the mutation responsible for these conditions in a group of clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disorders may allow us to gain broad insight into the processes of neurodegeneration.
Does More Frequent Hemodialysis Provide Dietary Freedom

Proponents of more frequent hemodialysis have suggested that this modality may improve nutritional status. A review of trials performed in the past 10 years was carried out to substantiate this claim. Three daily hemodialysis trials and 5 nocturnal hemodialysis trials were identified. More frequent hemodialysis did not appear to consistently improve serum albumin levels, weight after dialysis, protein catabolic rate, or protein or energy intake as measured by food diaries, except in 1 study with an average duration of conventional dialysis of 9.8 years before patients were switched to short daily hemodialysis and a mean follow-up of 39 months. There was an improvement in serum phosphorus levels and a decline in the use of phosphate binders, particularly in participants who received nocturnal hemodialysis. Thus, most short-term studies of more frequent dialysis do not show significant benefits in improving nutritional status. Nutritional benefits may accrue with longer follow-up or long-term dialysis, or both.
Locally free actions on Lorentz manifolds

If a topological group G acts on a topological space M, then we say that the action is orbit nonproper provided that, for some \( m_0 \in M \),the orbit map \( g \mapsto gm_0 : G \rightarrow M \) is nonproper. In this paper we characterize the connected, simply connected Lie groups that admit a locally free, orbit nonproper action by isometries of a connected Lorentz manifold. We also consider a number of variants on this question.
Hadronic observables from Au+Au collisions at s NN =200 GeV and Pb+Pb collisions at s NN =5.5 TeV from a simple kinematic model

A simple kinematic model based on superposition of $p+p$ collisions, relativistic geometry, and final-state hadronic rescattering is used to calculate various hadronic observables in $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions and $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=5.5$ TeV $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions. The model calculations are compared with experimental results from several $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collision studies. If a short hadronization time is assumed in the model, this model describes the trends of the observables from these experiments surprisingly well considering the model's simplicity. This also gives more credibility to the model predictions presented for $\sqrt{{s}_{\mathit{NN}}}=5.5$ TeV $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions.
An exploration of young adolescents' social achievement goals and social adjustment in middle school

Two studies investigated the proposition that social achievement goals (different orientations toward social competence) are an important aspect of young adolescents' social motivation. Study 1 (N=153 6th-grade students) established that different orientations toward developing or demonstrating social competence can be seen in young adolescents' responses to open-ended questions about their social goals and social competence. Study 2 (N=217 6th-grade students) evaluated a new survey measure of social achievement goals for young adolescents. Exploratory factor analyses indicated a 3-factor model (social development, demonstration-approach, and demonstration-avoid goals). Different social achievement goals were associated with distinct patterns of subsequent self- and teacher-reported social adjustment (prosocial, aggressive, and anxious solitary behaviors, as well as social worry, best-friend quality, and perceived popularity). Effects for social achievement goals were independent of perceived social competence and gender.
A LabVIEW®2 program for data collection and calculation of figures of merit

Abstract This article is an electronic publication in Spectrochimica Acta Electronica , the electronic section of Spectrochimica Acta Part B . The hardcopy text is accompanied by a diskette containing the program discussed in this publication. The main article discusses the scientific aspects of the subject and the Appendix describes the operation and organization of the program. A glossary of unfamiliar terms is also included. The program presented here allows baseline, blank background, and signal waveforms to be collected from an optical detection system associated with a d.c. signal source. From these data, the following figures of merit are calculated: net signal; background; signal-to-background ratio; signal-to-background noise ratio; relative standard deviation of the background; and relative standard deviation of the signal. Because the figures of merit are calculated directly from the collected waveforms and stored to disk, data processing time is greatly reduced and the likelihood of error is minimized, making optimization studies much easier and informative. An example of figures of merit collected with this program is included. Another feature that makes this program unique is that it is written in an object-oriented programming language, making it much easier to evaluate and modify than character-based languages. Additionally, the user interface is graphical, making it easy to understand and manipulate.