cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid helps see the way beyond MRI

Coburger et al.2 present the results of a study in which they demonstrate that 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is superior to Gd-DTPA–enhanced intraoperative MRI for histological tumor detection during the course of resection for high-grade gliomas. It doesn’t seem to make a difference for metastatic tumors, which is not surprising. With our increasing knowledge that extent of resection significantly impacts not only progression-free survival but also overall survival, we as neurosurgeons are searching for the next biggest impact in patient outcome with our surgical techniques. We know that in low-grade gliomas there is a trend toward better outcome if the tumor resection extends beyond the margins demonstrated on imaging. Whether or not this has been proven in high-grade tumors remains to be seen. There is evidence from a recent study by Aldave et al.1 that resection of the 5-ALA–positive material beyond what was seen on contrast-enhancing scans preoperatively provides greater overall survival of patients. This indicates that resections beyond the enhancement and now beyond the 5-ALA–positive tissue can also impact outcome. Therefore this is a timely study that will allow us to push resections even further to achieve a better outcome for our patients. (http://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2013.12.FOCUS13553)
Nanoconnectors at Optical Frequencies

Following our paradigm for nanocircuit elements at optical frequencies, here we introduce the concept of ‘short-circuit’ optical nanoconnectors, consisting of plasmonic waveguides with a high-permittivity core surrounded by a low-permittivity concentric shell.
Precision in weighing: a comparison of scales found in physician offices, fitness centers, and weight loss centers.

Objective.Weight assessment is a critical aid in patient care. It is particularly important in monitoring progression of pregnancies, heart failure status, and when adjusting medications. Although ...
Peptide hormone precursors: biosynthesis, processing and significance

It has become increasingly apparent in recent years that many of the small polypeptide hormones arise as products of structural genes that evidently are considerably larger than the secreted hormones (Steiner et al., submitted for publication; Tager and Steiner, 1974). These observations have stimulated considerable research activity in efforts to learn more about the biosynthetic mechanisms leading to the production of the small peptide hormones and to seek explanations for the existence of their larger precursor forms. On the basis of the evidence presently available it may be concluded tentatively that there are probably many explanations for these forms rather than any single or pre-eminent one. In this report I will briefly review current information regarding these hormonal precursor forms, their structures and cleavage mechanisms, and then attempt to come to grips with the difficult question as to why these occur.
Improved results with closed facial suction.

Younger patients with certain specific, identifiable fatty accumulations are the primary beneficiaries of closed suction lipoplasty procedures. Strict indications and patient selection guidelines are presented; these ensure optimal results.
Art and Culture in Neighborhood Ecosystems

In Decolonising the Mind, writer and cultural activist Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o recounts a time when his Kenyan village of Kamiriithu was only the place he slept, preferring to spend his time with the university community in the nearby capital. Then a local woman paid him a series of visits, cajoling him to “do something” with people in the village. At last agreeing, he led a collective process that resulted in Ngaahika Ndeenda (I Will Marry When I Want) (1977). The play, featuring rarely performed, tradition-inspired songs and dances and critiquing the country’s neo-colonial turn, was a counter-narrative to official history. Ngũgĩ and the local cast invited the rest of the community to the out-of-doors rehearsals, demystifying art-making and encouraging active participation. Neighbors in the midst of their daily activities came and watched the actors at work and shared their responses. Ngũgĩ and his team gauged success by people coming from the least distance to participate in the process rather than the more conventional valuing of people coming from the greatest distance to see a finished product. Through the meaningfulness of developing content specific to that place with people who had experienced it, Ngũgĩ realized that he wanted to direct himself most to his native people, and shifted from writing in English to his indigenous language of Gikuyu. This village as a context for performance, and performance as a context for communal expression, more than held its own with art districts disengaged from the material places and specific histories that informed Ngũgĩ’s life.
Genetic Algorithm Optimization

In a daily basis the HVAC and architectural engineering professionals are faced with conditions that they need to make complex decisions while satisfying multiple objectives that may also be conflicting as well: decisions such as how to improve the design building element selection to minimize the cost and maximize the comfort level, how to organize the tasks in hands in optimum order to maximize the effectiveness of the operation while minimizing the consumed time, how to improve the firm design check lists and orderly follow these design check-list tasks to make sure that no major task is left unfulfilled while not hurting the project delivery schedule, and how to reach an agreement/compromise with other team members to make sure that all trades' targets such as electrical engineer desire to maximize possible daylighting, architect needs to maximize the size of glazing surfaces, and the mechanical engineer yearning to consume less energy are satisfied.
On Shrinking Continents and Expanding Oceans

In October of 1607, Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandez de Quiros took an ambitious proposal for a settlement in the Austral lands to the Spanish capital. In it, he envisioned a colony numbering well over one thousand individuals including settlers, soldiers, and Franciscan missionaries. Quiros proposed that the sum of 500,000 ducats would more than pay for this important venture, an astronomical bill that greatly troubled the illustrious members of the Council of Indies advising King Philip III on his overseas policies. Unsurprisingly, Quiros’s plan faced stern opposition. For the better part of seven years, he quibbled with the council’s notables, writing numerous memorials in defense of his endeavor. It was to no avail, however, as Philip III ultimately passed the problem on to his associated American kingdoms. While officially supportive of Quiros’s proposal, the King asked the navigator to sail to Peru where he was to wait for further instructions. Quiros’s fear that council members were conspiring to hasten his departure from this earthly realm became a self-fulfilling prophecy. Much to the relief of his detractors, he expired in Panama en route to his final destination of Lima.
Migration of peripherally inserted central catheter likely into the azygos vein: a conservative management.

A 31-year-old female patient with systolic heart failure (ejection fraction of 30%) and automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) was admitted to the hospital with sepsis from Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus capitis bacteraemia. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed AICD lead vegetation. Subsequently, the AICD was replaced. A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was placed through the left basilic vein due to difficult intravenous access. Initially, fluoroscopy (figure 1) and chest X-ray (figure 2) confirmed appropriate position of the catheter tip in the superior vena cava (SVC). A day after placement, the PICC line stopped functioning. A repeat chest X-ray (figure 3) at this time revealed the catheter tip going likely dorsally over the right main stem bronchus. The official radiology …
Fluid Streams in Two-Phase Systems

In this chapter we examine the representation (i.e., modeling) of fluid streams in two-phase systems using an effective, single medium. In this effective medium, the two phases are assumed to be in local thermal equilibrium. The flow and heat transfer in this effective medium is described by models which can be derived from the local volume (and time) averaging. Depending on the complexity of the phase distributions and the velocity fields, various assumptions and simplifications are made to arrive at models which can be used with a reasonable effort.
High Molecular Weight Kininogen Fragments Stimulate the Secretion of Interleukin-1β through the NFκ B, JNK and p38 MAP Kinase Signaling Pathways in Monocytes.

Abstract Plasma high molecular weight kininogen (HK) is cleaved in inflammatory diseases by kallikrein to cleaved HK (HKa). We have reported that HKa releases cytokines (TNFα , IL-1β , IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8 and MCP-1) from isolated human peripheral blood monocytes. At a concentration of 600nM, Glutathione -S- transferase (GST) fusion proteins of kininogen domain 3 (D3), E7P - an active fragment of domain 3 (aaG255-Q292), HK domain 5 (D5), and D5 recombinant peptide HG (aa K420-D474) each stimulated secretion of IL-1β from monocytes. Receptors on monocytes including Mac-1, LFA-1, uPAR and gC1qR are required for IL-1β secretion from monocytes. We now report the signaling pathways and evidence for synthesis of IL-1 β in monocytes stimulated by HKa. Inhibitors of signaling pathways initiated by NFkB, JNK and p38, but not ERK, decreased IL-1b release from monocytes. A specific inhibitor of NFkB, MG-132 (1, 10 and 100 μM) significantly reduced IL-1β release from monocytes by 69.7, 67.3, 88.5% respectively, when stimulated by GST-E7P. The release of IL-1β by LPS (10 μg/ml), was blocked 83.4% by MG-132 (100 μM). A specific inhibitor of JNK, SP 600125 (1, 10 and 100 μM) significantly reduced IL-1β release from monocytes by 55.7, 76.3, 78.9% respectively, when stimulated by GST-E7P. The release of IL-1β by LPS (10 μg/ml), was blocked 90.23% by SP 600125 (100 μM). A specific inhibitor of p38, SB202190 (1,10 and 100 μM) significantly reduced IL-1β release from monocytes by 27.8, 14.2, 91.0% respectively, when stimulated by E7P. The release of IL-1β by LPS (10 μg/ml), was blocked 76.8 % by SB202190 (100 μM). In contrast, the ERK activation inhibitor U0126 (1, 10 and 100 μM) failed to inhibit GST-E7P-induced release of IL-1β from monocytes but the release of IL-1β with LPS (10 μg/ml), was blocked by 77.4% at 100 μM. After monocytes (4 X 106/ml) were treated with HKa (600 nM) or LPS (10 ng/ml), total RNA was extracted and RT-PCR reactions for expression of IL-1β and gC1qR mRNA using specific primers were carried out. PCR products was separated in 4% ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels and photographed. No IL-1b mRNA was detected prior to exposure to HKa or LPS but both were detected at 1 hour. In contrast, gC1qR mRNA was present without stimulation by HKa. HKa domains 3 and 5 may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases by stimulating the synthesis and release of IL-1β from human monocytes using intracellular signaling pathways initiated by uPAR, β 2 integrins and gC1qR receptors.
Catamenial Epilepsy: The Menstrual Cycle as a Clue to Predict Future Refractory Seizures

Abstract Background Catamenial epilepsy is defined as an increase in the frequency of seizures during a particular phase of the menstrual cycle. The increased seizure frequency is attributed to the cyclic variation and neuroactive properties of endogenous steroid hormones. It is estimated that more than one-third of women with epilepsy experience catamenial seizure exacerbation. Case Report We present the case of a young female patient who presented to the emergency department with an increase in seizure frequency that coincided with her menstrual cycle, despite complete medication compliance. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? It is important for the emergency physician to consider catamenial epilepsy in the differential diagnosis for secondary causes of seizure to ensure appropriate follow-up, as well as improve the quality of life of patients suffering from uncontrolled seizures.
Tech and Healthcare: A Call for Taking Control of Our Own Data.

We should not be surprised that Silicon Valley technology giants, including Apple, Google, and IBM, have taken the leap into healthcare and are attempting to solve the complex problem of integrating large amounts of data to generate actionable information. The explosion of consumer health wearables including devices that monitor exercise and sleep patterns, flexible patches that sense body temperature, hydration, heart rate, and brain activity, contact lenses that monitor glucose levels, and the “artificial pancreas,” among others, have flung open the doors to a fast-growing market where consumers are generating large amounts of data and tracking these data in real time through their smartphones. Artificial intelligence, or machine learning, is another familiar tool to the tech world that is making its way into the healthcare sector. IBM Watson Health recently partnered with the Broad Institute genomics research center and in a separate initiative with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Quest Diagnostics, in efforts that aim at deepening the understanding of …
Adaptability index: quantifying CT tube current modulation performance from dose and quality informatics

The balance between risk and benefit in modern CT scanners is governed by the automatic adaptation mechanisms that adjust x-ray flux for accommodating patient size to achieve certain image noise values. The effectiveness of this adaptation is an important aspect of CT performance and should ideally be characterized in the context of real patient cases. Objective of this study was to characterize CT performance with an index that includes image-noise and radiation dose across a clinical patient population. The study included 1526 examinations performed by three scanners, from two vendors, used for two clinical protocols (abdominopelvic and chest). The dose-patient size and noise-patient size dependencies were linearized, and a 3D-fit was performed for each protocol and each scanner with a planar function. In the fit residual plots the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values were estimated as a metric of CT adaptability across the patient population. The RMSE values were between 0.0344 HU1/2 and 0.0215 HU1/2: different scanners offer varying degrees of reproducibility of noise and dose across the population. This analysis could be performed with phantoms, but phantom data would only provide information concerning specific exposure parameters for a scan: instead, a general population comparison is a way to obtain new information related to the relevant clinical adaptability of scanner models. A theoretical relationship between image noise, CTDIvol and patient size was determined based on real patient data. This relationship may provide a new index related to the scanners' adaptability concerning image quality and radiation dose across a patient population.
Perspective: The one-health way

The health of animals, humans and the environment will be better served by breaking down barriers, says Laura H. Kahn.
Molecular Action of Androgens

Around 200 BC in China, crystals, obtained by sublimation of extracts of male sexual and accessory organs, were used for treatment of patients who lacked “maleness” activity. These crystals may have been pure androgens. By 700–1000 AD, the concept of “Nai Tang” (inner elixir) and “Wai Tang” (outer elixir), which resemble “endocrinology” and “pharmacology” today, formed the conceptual basis for Chinese medicine. Unfortunately, utilization of these great discoveries was hampered by monopolistic secrecy and lack of scientific follow-up, as for many Chinese medicines. In the United States and Europe, male hormones were isolated and their structures were determined in the 1920s. Many of the physiological functions of androgens were identified during the following three decades.
Doppler radar phenomenology in small commercial unmanned aerial systems

This paper discusses the Doppler radar signature of the spinning blades of a small commercial unmanned aerial system (UAS). This phenomenology is closely related to the well-known jet engine modulation (JEM) effect on the radar signature. We analyze this signature using analytical, numerical and experimental methods, all based on the Doppler spectrum of the radar response. This procedure's goal is to detect the presence of a rotating object and estimate its spinning rate. Our preliminary results show that operating the radar at high frequencies should afford more robust detection of the JEM signature in the presence of noise, clutter and interference.
Intersectionality Dis/ability Research: How Dis/ability Research in Education Engages Intersectionality to Uncover the Multidimensional Construction of Dis/abled Experiences:

The purpose of this chapter is to systematically review the research within the field of education that explicitly examined how various social constructions of identity intersect with dis/ability t...
Turning cancer's metabolic plasticity into fragility- an evolving paradigm.

In an elegant report, Corbet et al1 recently demonstrated the much needed insight to exploit cancer's metabolic reprogramming for potential therapeutic intervention. In brief, the findings undersco...
Leveraging RF Power for Intelligent Tag Networks

A novel framework and related methodologies are described to leverage RF power for building intelligent and battery-free devices with communication and computation capabilities. These passive devices are envisioned to make significant impact for the popular vision of smart dust due to extreme low power operation. The communication framework relies on tag-to-tag backscattering with very limited energy resources. The computing framework relies on a novel AC computing methodology that facilitates local data processing with an order of magnitude less power consumption. These enabling technologies, as described in this paper, revitalize the concept of smart dust with significant impact on various application domains such as smart spaces, implantable devices, and environmental/structural monitoring.
Operational approach to indirectly measuring the tunneling time

The tunneling time through an arbitrary bounded one-dimensional barrier is investigated using the dwell-time operator. We relate the tunneling time to the conditioned average of the dwell-time operator because of the natural postselection in the case of successful tunneling. We discuss an indirect measurement by timing the particle and show that we are able to reconstruct the conditioned average value of the dwell-time operator by applying the contextual values formalism for generalized measurements based on the physics of Larmor precession. The experimentally measurable tunneling time in the weak interaction limit is given by the weak value of the dwell-time operator plus a measurement-context-dependent disturbance term. We show how the expectation value and higher moments of the dwell-time operator can be extracted from measurement data of the particle's spin.
Machine Models for the Growth of Knowledge: Theory Nets in Prolog

In this paper I shall sketch one way that scientific knowledge or information might be stored in a digital computer and used to model the problem solving activity of empirical scientists. Among the types of problem solving activity that might be modeled in this way is that which is a part of some systematically informed “research program” associated with a scientific community. Thus, what I am proposing is, in part at least, a way of making a computer model the kind of scientific activity first described by Imre Lakato.[13] This, I hope, makes the paper an appropriate contribution to a conference in his honor.
Piezoelectric actuation of factigue crack growth along polymer/metal interface

Publisher Summary Polymer-metal interface is found in a wide range of engineering materials and structures. In adhesive bonding, a polymeric adhesive is used to provide the connection between two different materials and/or parts of an engineering structure. At the material interface, potential defects may develop because of mismatches in chemical and physical properties between the polymer adhesive and the metal adherend. Under external stresses, the defect may grow gradually to cause slow degradation of the adhesive bond. Therefore, understanding growth of these defects, such as a crack, along the polymer-metal interface, is essential to predicting the durability of an adhesive bond. Crack growth in adhesive bonds under cyclic loads has been studied by conducting fatigue experiments on various specimens such as lap shear, double-cantilever beam, cracked lap shear and flexural peel.
Reconstructing textured meshes from multiple range+rgb maps

The reconstruction of high-quality 3D models sampling both the shape and the surface reflection attribute is still a complex task. This papers contains new algorithms to integrate in a single texturemapped mesh the color info contained in either standard digital photos or RGB-enhanced range maps, minimizing redundancy and optimizing the color attribute representation. We enhance a previous solution [12] with: improved use of the available images, better color matching and computational efficiency. According to visibility computations and some heuristics, we subdivide the mesh in patches and assign to each patch a section of one of the input images. These image sections are packed in a texture image minimizing space but maintaining image coherence. Finally, we eliminate most of the color difference or discontinuity which exist in input images (applying a cross-correlation and interpolation between adjoining sections of the input images, directly on the texture image space). Note that this last step is performed on the whole texture, in contrast to others approaches that apply color smoothing just on small transition zones.
Reconstructing Long-Term Forest Changes from Fossil-Pollen Data

With the recent development of modern-pollen and forestry data sets on the regional and subcontinental scales, it is now possible to examine a variety of quantitative techniques for reconstructing long-term changes in forest composition. Refinement and testing of quantitative techniques is a prerequisite for interpretation of long-term forest patterns and processes. Direct comparison of the results of different quantitative methods aids in the identification of the strengths and limitations, as well as the complementary insights they offer.
Interoperability and Microsoft: Then and Now

The European Commission’s decision in the legal case involving Microsoft, as confirmed by the Court of First Instance in 2007, resulted in a clarification of the rules regarding what technical information must be shared with competitors in certain circumstances in order to enable interoperability between competing technology products. In addition to the legal case, the marketplace has evolved to a greater extent as companies determine what additional information should be shared with competitors, and how much competing vendors can appropriately work together. Direct collaboration on technical interoperability issues between competitors in the software industry is the norm. Some collaborative efforts have been surprising, given the history and intensity of competition, such as an interoperability lab involving Sun Microsystems and Microsoft, or Microsoft’s work with Linux vendors or other open source software (OSS) communities, or its work with IBM on an OSS project for basic cloud computing interfaces. This type of interoperability work is not part of any legal process, but it is something that companies do when their customers expect more collaboration among vendors so various products connect together better. Such expectations have been rising in the past ten years, and the industry broadly has been improving their performance and activities in this area. By its very nature, interoperability is not something that any company can address by itself, it has to work with others, and do so in a variety of ways: sharing technical information, licensing technology, participating in industry standards setting and standards maintenance activities, and building and testing products with a firm understanding of how customers will use those products in combination with the products of numerous other vendors. Times have changed, and competitors are working with Microsoft in all these ways in practical ways to achieve interoperability.
Evolution of a Metal-Binding Cluster in the NH2-Terminal Variable Region of Avian Fast Skeletal Muscle Troponin T: Functional Divergence on the Basis of Tolerance to Structural Drifting

This study investigated the evolution of a transition metal ion-binding cluster ([H–X–X–X–H] n ; Tx) in the alternatively spliced NH2-terminal variable region of avian pectoral muscle troponin T (TnT). Encoded by avian fast skeletal muscle TnT-specific P exons, Tx-like structures were expressed in the breast muscle TnT's of almost all birds examined. Their presence results in the developmentally up-regulated high molecular weight pectoral muscle TnT. Sequence analysis and metal affinity chromatography revealed that in Galliformes and Craciformes, the Tx structure evolved into multiple H–X–X–X–H pairs with a high-affinity metal-binding capacity. Turkey, chicken, quail, and curassow breast muscle TnT's contain nine, seven, four, and three consecutive or closely located metal-binding sites, respectively, in the NH2-terminal region. The metal-binding affinity of the Tx element increased as the number of His pairs increased due to the duplication of P exons and the conversion of other exon sequences. The data show two related components of avian pectoral muscle TnT evolution: a larger, more acidic NH2-terminal segment and a cluster of transition metal-binding sites, both of which may have functional significance for their selection value. The evolution of the Tx segment in the NH2-terminal variable region of avian pectoral muscle TnT demonstrates a functional divergence on the basis of tolerance to structural drifting.
Analysis of Trade-Off Between Noise and Wide Band-Gap (WBG) Device Switching Speed

Advanced power semiconductor devices, especially wide band-gap (WBG) devices, have inherent capability for fast switching. However, in order to prevent the noise induced by fast voltage and current slew rate from false triggering devices, the switching speed needs to be limited. This paper focuses on analysis mechanism of the PWM and gate noise pulse in fast switching half-bridge (HB) circuits. Analytical models of noises and quantitative relationship between noises and voltage, current slew rate (dv/dt, di/dt) are derived to address the switching speed limitation from noise point of view. An exhaustive investigation into the impact of circuit parameters on the limitation is conducted and the design consideration for improving the switching speed limitation is given. The analysis is verified in Spice based system model simulation.
Perioperative Management of Hyperinsulinism

The care of children undergoing pancreatectomies for hyperinsulinism presents unique challenges. In addition to ensuring adequate pain control and nutrition, close attention must be paid to glucose management as the child’s glucose needs change throughout the perioperative course. A standardized approach to their perioperative care is essential to ensure an optimal recovery.
RAcial Disparities in Ich after IV-tPA and Neurointerventional Treatment (RADIANT)

Abstract Objective: To study the rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SxICH) and major systemic hemorrhage (MSH) after acute stroke treatments among different ethnicities/races. Background: Studies have reported ethnic/racial disparities in intravenous tPA treatment (IV tPA). The adverse outcome of tPA and/or intra-arterial intervention (IA) among different ethnicities/races requires investigation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients from an IRB-approved registry between June 2004 and June 2018. Patients who received IV tPA, IA, or both for acute stroke were identified and classified into 2 ethnic groups: non-Hispanics or Hispanics (NH/H) and 4 racial groups: Asian, Black, Other (Native Americans and Pacific Islanders), and White (A/B/O/W). Results: We identified 916 patients that received acute therapy (A/B/O/W: n = 50/104/16/746, H/NH: n = 184/730). For those received IV tPA only (n = 759), IA only (n = 85), and IV tPA+IA (n = 72), the SxICH rate was 4.3%, 4.7%, and 6.9%; the MSH rate was 1.3%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. No significant difference in the rate of SxICH or MSH among different racial or ethnic groups was found after either therapy. Asian race (OR 14.17, P = .01), in association with age, international normalized value (INR), and Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (OR 1.06, 46.52, and 1.18, P = .020, 0.037, and 0.042, respectively), was predictive of SxICH after IV tPA. There was a significant correlation between age and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale with SxICH (P
CFD Simulations of Feeder Tube Pressure Oscillations and Prediction of Clogging in Cold Spray Nozzles

Cold spray is an additive manufacturing method in which powder particles are accelerated through a supersonic nozzle and impinged into a nearby substrate. This method produces deposits with advantageous attributes, namely with low porosity and low residual stresses, which nearly match those of the bulk material. One challenge with cold spray is nozzle clogging, which occurs when particles bond to the inside of the nozzle, altering the cross-sectional area, increasing roughness on the nozzle inner surface, and causing a drop in the gas velocity, ultimately resulting in a lower quality deposit. Clogging puts certain combinations of materials and operational parameters out of practical reach. A CFD model of the cold spray nozzle is developed to study the flow of metal particles in the cold spray process, and we determine that the two-phase particle-laden flow from the feeder tube is inherently transient. CFD simulations demonstrate that pressure fluctuations in the particle feed system can cause the particles to disperse in the nozzle and ultimately lead to some particles bonding with the nozzle wall. The degree of clogging is found to be strongly dependent on the amplitude of these upstream pressure fluctuations and seemingly independent of the pressure oscillation frequency.
To wrap or not to wrap: A retrospective review of circumcision dressing and post-procedural bleeding

Abstract Introduction Bleeding is an infrequent, but important, complication after circumcision. Our aim was to examine postoperative bleeding events after circumcision comparing patients managed with a circumferential wrap to ointment alone. Methods Boys ≤ 18 years of age who underwent circumcision at a tertiary children's hospital were retrospectively reviewed between 2017 and 2018. Postoperative bleeding was defined by phone calls, clinic or Emergency Department visits, or return to the operating room. Outcomes were examined by univariate association and multivariable modeling. Results Of 681 boys undergoing circumcision, 503 (74%) patients received a wrap dressing and 178 (26%) only ointment. There were 28 (4%) patients who had a postoperative bleeding event: 14/503 (2.7%) among wrap dressings and 14/178 (7.8%) among ointment alone (p Conclusion This single-center, retrospective review found circumferential wrap dressings are associated with a decrease in bleeding events after circumcision. Level of Evidence III – retrospective case–control study.
The Design Process for Google's Training Chips: TPUv2 and TPUv3

Five years ago, few would have predicted that a software company like Google would build its own computers. Nevertheless, Google has been deploying computers for machine learning (ML) training since 2017, powering key Google services. These Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) are composed of chips, systems, and software, all co-designed in-house. In this paper, we detail the circumstances that led to this outcome, the challenges and opportunities observed, the approach taken for the chips, a quick review of performance, and finally a retrospective on the results. A companion paper describes the supercomputers built from these chips, the compiler, and a detailed performance analysis [Jou20].
Research on the Defect Detection Technology of Abnormal Vibration of GIS Equipment Based on Acoustic Emission Analysis Technology

Mechanical fault is one of the main faults of GIS equipment. The traditional detection methods based on artificial hearing and touch, rely heavily on personal experience, with low reliability. The fault can only be discovered when the vibration intensity is high, which brings great security risks to the power grid. Based on the analysis of the vibration mechanism of GIS equipment, an portable defect detection device of abnormal vibration of GIS equipment is developed, which can detect potential mechanical defects of GIS equipment in time, and effectively guide maintenance work to ensure the safety and stability of GIS equipment. The acceleration sensor is used to obtain the vibration signal of the GIS shell, and the characteristics of the vibration signal waveform are extracted through the FFT algorithm and the VMD algorithm. The field test results show that this device can accurately locate the abnormal vibration of GIS equipment and distinguish the defect types.
Behandeling van beroerten in Europa: de verklaring van Helsingborg

Late in 1995, the Helsingborg Declaration was adopted, a European consensus text on the basic elements for policy in, and objectives of treatment of strokes. This declaration was prompted by the fact that the differences in incidence in different European countries, and the changes of the incidence in the course of the years suggest a great importance of environmental factors that can be influenced. The organizers of this consensus meeting might have enhanced the value of the document by more exactly indicating the (scientific) strength of the argumentation for each recommendation. Nevertheless, many of the recommendations are based on solid evidence. A plea is made to structure stroke care, measure the quality of care, facilitate early diagnosis and therapy after stroke, improve the possibilities for rehabilitation, and apply appropriate secondary prevention.
Charting the use of electronic health records and other information technologies among child health providers.

Background Previous studies regarding the use of information technologies (IT) specifically among pediatricians and other physicians who treat children are lacking. As such, the objective of this study is to examine the use of electronic health record (EHR) systems and other IT applications among pediatricians and other child health providers (CHPs) in Florida.
Diffusion control in blood coagulation. Activation of factor X by factors IXa/VIIIa assembled on human monocyte membranes.

This study examines mechanisms that regulate the activation of blood coagulation proteases on intact cell membranes. The activation of factor X by factors IXa and VIIIa assembled on viable monocytes is presented as a biologically relevant model for membrane-dependent proteolysis of coagulation zymogens. The hypothesis that this reaction is limited by diffusion was tested by comparing predicted with observed concentration dependence, temperature dependence, and effective rate coefficient. Rates of factor X catalysis were measured using a chromogenic substrate specific for the product, factor Xa. The value of KR and of K1/2, i.e. concentrations giving half-maximal rates in reciprocal functional titrations with substrate and enzyme, respectively, were directly correlated with the concentration of the titrated component. Arrhenius plots constructed over temperatures encompassing 10-35 degrees C were biphasic with downward concavity. Apparent activation energies were 6.01 +/- 0.93 and 35.84 +/- 8.9 kcal/mol for the interval above and below the inflection point, respectively. The effective rate coefficient calculated from apparent kinetic parameters was 3.58 +/- 0.1 x 10(12) M-1 s-1. This rate is similar to the maximal rate of collision between factor X molecules and the monocyte, i.e. 2.9 x 10(12) M-1 s-1 estimated from the steady-state von Smoluchowski equation for uniformly reacting spherical particles. The observed agreement between predicted and experimental results indicates that under biologically relevant conditions, the rate of factor X activation by the intrinsic protease is controlled by diffusion of factor X toward the catalytic site.
Pattern oriented remeshing for Celtic decoration

Decorating arbitrary meshes with Celtic knots requires polygonal meshes with regular connectivity and close to regular face geometry. Because these properties are often irregular, especially in scanned or reconstructed models, the Celtic knots produced may be erratic and undesirable. In this paper we remesh models based on planar tilings defined by the user. Such pattern-oriented surfaces allow us to decorate models with attractive Celtic knots in a consistent fashion and may be applicable to a large number of algorithms that are sensitive to mesh structure.
Sufficient conditions for admittance to ensure planar force-assembly in multi-point frictionless contact

An important issue in the development of force guidance assembly strategies is the specification of an appropriate admittance control law. This paper identifies procedures for selecting the appropriate admittance to achieve reliable planar force-guided assembly for multi-point contact cases. Conditions that restrict the admittance behavior for each of the various types of two-point contact are presented. These conditions ensure that the motion that results from contact reduces part misalignment for each case. We show that, for bounded misalignments, if the conditions are satisfied for a finite number of contact configurations, the conditions ensure that force guidance is achieved for all configurations within the specified bounds.
Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939)

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) was an Austrian psychiatrist who developed psychoanalysis as a treatment for emotional disorders. In doing so, he provided the foundation for the field of individual “talk” psychotherapy. Freud also applied his insights to create a theory of personality. In works such as Interpretation of Dreams and Three Essays on a Theory of Sexuality, Freud applied Darwin's theory of evolution, to the development of human psychology. He observed that human development includes sexual development, both physically and psychologically, and he suggested that humans are prone to blockages in sexual development that, under certain circumstances, can lead to neurosis. Freud suggested that all behavior, cognition, and emotion (both conscious and unconscious) originate so humans can seek pleasure and avoid pain, and that neurosis is the result of the failure of mechanisms designed to block awareness of painful cognitions and emotions. Keywords: Freud, Sigmund; psychoanalysis; unconscious
Dynamic Response of Credit Spread to S&P 500 Dividend Yield Shock

This study investigates the dynamic response of credit spread (CS) to S&P 500 dividend yield (DY) shock. Based on the analysis of monthly data from 1919M1 to 2013M8, the VAR results show that credit spread significantly rises immediately following shock to the S&P 500 dividend yield. The results also show that there is a significant causal linkage between CS and DY. The variance decomposition results indicate that S&P 500 dividend yield forecasts about 2.72%, 5.00% and 7.12% of credit spread at the 6-month, 12-month and 24-month horizons, respectively.
Einstein X-ray observations of M101

The Einstein X-ray observations of the face-on spiral galaxy M101 are presented. The global X-ray luminosity L(x) of M101 is about 1.2 x 10 to the 40th ergs/s for D = 7.2 Mpc, consistent with the expected X-ray luminosity of normal spiral galaxies of its optical magnitude. The X-ray emission is mostly due to very luminous individual sources, with L(x) greater than 10 to the 38th ergs/s each, most likely very massive accreting binary systems. The data suggest a deficiency of sources in the luminosity range of L(x) from about 10 to the 37th to about 10 to the 38th ergs/s, which would indicate that the luminosity distribution of the X-ray sources in M101 might be different from that of M31 or M33.
Studies with the Pinhole/Occulter Facility

The scientific justifications for high-resolution hard X-ray astronomy are reviewed, and a scheme for making such observations from the Space Shuttle payload bay is presented. High-resolution X-ray observations at photon energies above 10 keV are important for the understanding of the physics of solar flares, coronal disturbances related to flares, and corona fine structure, as well as nonsolar X-ray sources. In order to study these phenomena, concepts have been developed for the Shuttle Pinhole/Occulter Facility (P/OF), an instrument based on the principles of the pinhole camera which will have an angular resolution of 0.2 arc sec. The proposed P/OF configuration consists of four separate telescopes or position-sensitive counters mounted on a detector plane and looking toward the target through separate portions of an aperture mask (occulter plane). The two planes are separated by a self-deployable 50-m boom, which is to be made essentially rigid by direct control of its lowest normal modes.
Analogies between two optical systems (photon beam splitters and laser beams) and two quantum systems (the two-dimensional oscillator and the two-dimensional hydrogen atom)

Some striking analogies are exhibited between the lossless quantum-mechanical beam splitter and the following two elementary quantum systems: (1) the two-dimensional isotropic oscillator and (2) the two-dimensional hydrogen atom. For example, we show that the unitary transformation connecting the input and output photon statistics at a lossless 50-50 beam splitter is identical to the transformation connecting the polar and parabolic eigenstates of the two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen atom. A similar connection between (Gaussian) laser beams and the eigenstates of the 2D oscillator is pointed out. These analogies are established by identifying the underlying symmetries of these systems and exploiting them by means of group theory.
Temporal trends in and influence of wind on PAH concentrations measured near the Great Lakes

This paper reports on temporal trends in gas- and particle-phase PAH concentrations measured at three sites in the Great Lakes' Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network: Eagle Harbor, near Lake Superior, Sleeping Bear Dunes, near Lake Michigan, and Sturgeon Point, near Lake Erie. While gas-phase concentrations have been decreasing since 1991 at all sites, particle-phase concentrations have been decreasing only at Sleeping Bear Dunes. To determine whether these results represent trends in background levels or regional emissions, the average concentrations are compared to those found in urban and rural studies. In addition, the influence of local wind direction on PAH concentrations is investigated, with the assumption that dependence on wind direction implies regional sources. Using these two methods, it is found that PAH concentrations at Eagle Harbor and Sleeping Bear Dunes represent regional background levels but that PAH from the Buffalo Region intrude on the background levels measured at the Sturgeon Point site. At this site, wind from over Lake Erie reduces local PAH concentrations.
A velocity-estimation subgrid model constrained by subgrid scale dissipation

Purely dissipative eddy-viscosity subgrid models have proven very successful in large-eddy simulations (LES) at moderate resolution. Simulations at coarse resolutions where the underlying assumption of small-scale universality is not valid, warrant more advanced models. However, non-eddy viscosity models are often unstable due to the lack of sufficient dissipation. This paper proposes a simple modeling approach which incorporates the dissipative nature of existing eddy viscosity models into more physically appealing non-eddy viscosity SGS models. The key idea is to impose the SGS dissipation of the eddy viscosity model as a constraint on the non-eddy viscosity model when determining the coefficients in the non-eddy viscosity model. We propose a new subgrid scale model (RSEM), which is based on estimation of the unresolved velocity field. RSEM is developed in physical space and does not require the use of finer grids to estimate the subgrid velocity field. The model coefficient is determined such that total SGS dissipation matches that from a target SGS model in the mean or least-squares sense. The dynamic Smagorinsky model is used to provide the target dissipation. Results are shown for LES of decaying isotropic turbulence and turbulent channel flow. For isotropic turbulence, RSEM displays some level of backward dissipation, while yielding as good results as the dynamic Smagorinsky model. For channel flow, the results from RSEM are better than those from the dynamic Smagorinsky model for both statistics and instantaneous flow structures.
Performance Evaluation of AES Algorithm on Various Development Platforms

With the rapid growth of low-cost, low-power handheld devices with wireless capability, more and more devices connect to wireless networks. This warrants secured data exchange and authentication to take place during the connection. 802.11i security scheme is becoming a de- facto standard of future WLAN, which uses AES algorithm in both encryption and authenticity of payload data. Cryptographic transformations of AES are computationally intensive, consuming significant power. Most of the published AES implementations target high- end products with multi-gigabit throughputs and have no regards for power consumption. Low-end products, including handheld devices like PDA rarely need more than 200 Mbps data transfer rate which necessitates alternative implementation of AES algorithm, with the aim of reducing power consumption and increasing the handsets' battery life. In this paper we study and compare the outcome obtained from implementing AES algorithm on various platforms. We present results obtained through profiling the implemented algorithm on platforms like FPGA, Desktop PC (Microsoft Visual Studio) and handheld device (UIQ SDK for Symbian OS along with Metrowerks CodeWarrior). Our comparison shows that the 32-bit hardware implementation of AES on FPGA supports the required throughput and consumes less power allowing fully charged PDA to remain connected to WLAN for a longer duration.
Speckle Imaging with Correlations over Object Position

Speckle imaging in heavily scattering media based on correlations over the object position is demonstrated for example apertures. Comparison of theory with experimental results shows sensitivity to aperture shape and orientation relative to scanning direction.