cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrochemistry of ionophore-coordinated Cs and Sr ions in the tri-1-butylmethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide ionic liquid

Abstract The selective extraction of Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions by using the ionophores calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) (BOBCalixC6) and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6), respectively, was demonstrated in the hydrophobic, room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), tri-1-butylmethylammonium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide (Tf2N−). The electrochemistry of Cs+ coordinated by BOBCalixC6 and Sr2+ coordinated by DCH18C6 was examined at a mercury film electrode (MFE) in this ionic liquid by using cyclic staircase voltammetry, sampled current voltammetry at a rotating electrode, and chronoamperometry. Both BOBCalixC6·2Cs+ and DCH18C6·Sr2+ exhibit well-defined reduction waves at approximately −2.4 and −2.9 V versus the ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+) couple, respectively, in which the coordinated ions are reduced to their respective amalgams, permitting the recycling of the ionophores. The diffusion coefficients of BOBCalixC6·2Cs+ and DCH18C6·Sr2+ are (2.7 ± 0.1) × 10−9 and (2.1 ± 0.1) × 10−9 cm2 s−1, respectively, at 30 °C. The coulometric efficiency for the reduction and stripping of Cs at mercury pool electrodes was about 90% and was independent of the deposition time, whereas the efficiency for Sr was slightly less than 90% at short times and decreased with the deposition time, probably due to the formation of a passive layer of Sr(Tf2N)2.
B-cell gene rearrangement in benign and malignant lymphoid proliferations of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and lymph nodes

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to study patterns of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangement (GR) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of lymphomas and reactive conditions of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and lymph node. DNA amplification was performed directly on sections obtained from paraffin blocks. Five patterns of PCR products were observed: a single band, two or more discrete bands, smearing, a single band overlying a smear, and two or more bands over a smear. A pure polyclonal pattern (smear) was observed in all of the reactive lymph nodes but in only 15% of cases of Helicobacter pylori (HP) gastritis with lymphoid hyperplasia, 25% of cases of HP gastritis without lymphoid hyperplasia, and 37% of colonic specimens of various types. Patterns consisting of multiple bands with or without background smearing were common in gastritis, colitis, and gastric lymphomas. Single bands or dominant bands were present in all lymph node and salivary gland lymphomas, 12 of 14 cases of gastric lymphoma, and 17 of 20 cases of HP gastritis with lymphoid hyperplasia. These bands were reproducible in deeper sections from the same paraffin block or similar areas sampled in different blocks in all of the lymph node and salivary gland lymphomas, 11 of 12 gastric lymphomas, but only 1 of 17 cases of HP gastritis with lymphoid hyperplasia. Bands were also found in 3 of 20 cases of HP gastritis without lymphoid hyperplasia and 17 of 38 colonic specimens, but these were not reproducible. The complexity of patterns of IgH GR in acquired MALT compared with lymph nodes may be the result of a relative paucity of B-cell clones or preferential proliferation of B-cell clones with a limited area of distribution.
Mitek anchors in facial injury: an approach for soft tissue flap fixation

Mitek anchors (Mitek Surgical Products, Inc, Westwood, MA) were developed in the mid-1980s for use in orthopedic surgery to facilitate soft tissue attachment to bone. They have been principally used for a range of orthopedic procedures, such as rotator cuff repairs in the shoulder, repair of tendon insertion ruptures, meniscus refixation in the knee, and applications in the hand and elbow.1-3 There are a limited number of reports of their use in the maxillofacial region4-10 and only one report of their use in acute trauma surgery, which pertained to the placement of intermaxillary fixation.11 The anchor is composed of a cylindrical titanium alloy body with 2 nickel-titanium arcs, on opposite sides of the shaft, that have superelastic memory properties. The anchor is supplied preloaded in an insertion device. A hole is drilled into the bone and the anchor is placed using the disposable insertion device. The pair of arc arms collapse against the body on insertion into the bone and then spring back into their original position, locking the anchor into the bone. The suture is attached to the superior portion of the device. The Mitek Micro QuickAnchor is 1.3 mm in diameter and 3.7 mm in length with an arc range of 2.7 mm (Fig 1). This report demonstrates the use of Mitek suture anchors to resuspend facial soft tissues in a complex trauma case.
Astilbin engeletin in grapes and wine

Abstract Astilbin (dihydroquercetin 3-rhamnoside) and engeletin (dihydrokaempferol 3-rhamnoside) were isolated for the first time from grapes. Details of their identification include nonderivatized 1 H NMR spectra. These flavanonol glycosides were concentrated in the skins of white grapes, and were also present in white wines as shown by HPLC. Amounts and relative amounts differed by cultivar. They may be involved in certain discoloration problems during wine processing.
Mechanisms of impulsive choice: II. Time-based interventions to improve self-control.

Impulsive choice behavior has been proposed as a primary risk factor for other maladaptive behaviors (e.g., gambling, substance abuse). Recent research has suggested that timing processes may play a key role in impulsive choice behavior, and could provide an avenue for altering impulsive choice. Accordingly, the current experiments assessed a set of time-based behavioral interventions to increase self-control while simultaneously assessing effects on timing processes within the impulsive choice task. Three experiments assessed temporal interventions using a differential reinforcement of low rates task (Experiment 1) and exposure to either a variable or fixed interval schedule (Experiments 2–3). The efficacy of the interventions was assessed in Sprague-Dawley (Experiments 1–2) and Lewis (Experiment 3) rat strains. Impulsive choice behavior was assessed by measuring preferences of a smaller-sooner (SS) versus a larger-later (LL) reward, while timing of the SS and LL durations was measured during peak trials within the impulsive choice procedure. The rats showed an increased preference for the LL following all three time-based interventions and also displayed increased temporal precision. These results add to the increasing evidence that supports a possible role for temporal processing in impulsive choice behavior and supply novel behavioral interventions to decrease impulsive behavior.
GENETIC CONTROL OF DNA BREAKDOWN AND REPAIR IN E. COLI K-12 TREATED WITH MITOMYCIN C OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT.

Ultraviolet light sensitive mutants ofE. coli defective at theuvrA,uvrB oruvrC locus showed increased sensitivity to the lethal effects of mitomycin C when compared with theuvr+ parental strain. In addition, DNA breakdown after treatment of cells with either mitomycin C or with ultraviolet light was greater in the parental strain carrying the activeuvr+ genes than inuvr mutants. Thus, injuries produced by either mitomycin C or by ultraviolet light may be repaired by the same molecular mechanism which has been proposed and which involves defect excision, single strand breakdown and reconstruction of the DNA.
Fluorescence Approach to Study Base Flipping in the DNA Repair Mechanism of T4 Endonuclease V

UV irradiation can cause the formation of cyclobutane pyrimide dimers (CPD), which are the most common type of DNA damage that can lead to the development of skin cancer. However, living organisms have proteins to repair DNA, and that perform a base-flipping process to recognize, gain access to, and repair damaged nucleotides. Different ensemble-average experiments have been developed in order to understand the base-flipping process. However, ensemble averaged measurements can mask dynamic fluctuations in the formation of intermediate complexes and lead to different interpretations of the repair process.T4 endonuclease V (T4-endo-V) is a repair enzyme that eliminates CPD damages. The static crystal structure of T4-endo-V has demonstrated that the base-flipping process is part of the mechanism used in the repair work. In the absence of a more sophisticated method to monitors protein-DNA binding, DNA structural changes and base-flipping simultaneously, the interpretation of the formation of intermediates and the importance of base-flipping during the DNA repair process remains ambiguous.Single molecule fluorescence can be used to determine the formation of one or more intermediates and also to study the kinetics of the mechanisms in enzymatic reactions. In our single molecule fluorescence approach, we will use the fluorescent base analog 6MAP to probe the base flipping state and FRET to study the T4-endo-V-DNA binding mechanism. We have characterized the steady-state fluorescence properties of different DNA constructions under different physiological conditions to demonstrate the stability of our base-flipping probe. In addition, we have performed FRET measurements in CPD-damaged-DNAs to study global conformational changes in the DNA structure. With this approach we will be able to fully understand how T4-endo-V uses base-flipping to recognize and repair damaged DNA.We gratefully acknowledge financial support from CSUPERB and NSF (1237548).
Upper Limits for Magnetic Fields on Pulsating White Dwarfs

A sensitive spectropolarimetric search for magnetic fields has been carried out on a selection of pulsating white dwarfs of both DAV and DBV spectral types. Despite multiple epochs and uncertainties as low as σBe=1 kG, the observations succeed only in setting upper limits for the fields present on G22629, GD 385, ZZ Ceti, and GD 358. The results are inconsistent with a global magnetic field of the strength suggested by the pulsation spectrum of ZZ Ceti, and they approach in sensitivity the field inferred as existing on GD 358. However, if, as has been proposed, magnetic fields can be generated in many white dwarfs by dynamo action, they could be so tangled in structure as to go undetected by direct observational means.
DNA hypomethylation therapy for hemoglobin disorders: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.

Summary Reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression is an important therapeutic option in patients with hemoglobin disorders. In sickle cell disease (SCD), an increase in HbF would interfere with the polymerization of sickle hemoglobin while in β -thalassemia, an increase in γ -globin chain synthesis would decrease non- α : α chain imbalance. Hydroxyurea, an inducer of HbF, is the only currently approved agent for the treatment of patients with moderate and/or severe SCD. However, about one third of patients with SCD do not respond to HU, and in β -thalassemia, the clinical response is unimpressive. The last decade has seen a renewed interest in the use of inhibitors of DNA methylation in the treatment of patients with hemoglobin disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA methylation in γ -globin gene regulation, describe clinical trials with agents that hypomethylate DNA and speculate about the future role of DNA hypomethylation therapy in patients with SCD and β -thalassemia.
Hunter-Hurler syndrome: gel filtration and dialysis of urinary acid mucopolysaccharides.

PATIENTS with Hunter–Hurler syndrome, which is an inborn error of metabolism, have excessive deposition of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) in various organs1,2, and large amounts of chondroitin sulphate B and/or heparitin sulphate are produced in the urine3. In contrast, normal people excrete a small amount of AMPS, chiefly in the form of chondroitin sulphate C and chondroitin sulphate A. The determination of urinary AMPS is being used extensively in the study and in the diagnosis of this disease and of its several genetic variants.
The SU(3) deconfining transition in the presence of quarks

Abstract We perform a Monte Carlo simulation of the full theory of QCD at finite temperature. The effect of closed quark loops is taken in account by employing the pseudo-fermion method. Our preliminary data, show that for three flavors the scenario given by the pure gauge theory is unchanged: the theory still undergoes a first order phase transition at the critical coupling β c = 6/ g c 2 = 5.2 ± 0.1 ( T c / Λ L = 171 ± 28). Increasing the number of flavors we observe stronger ordering effects and the critical coupling decreases.
Procedural encapsulation: A linguistic protection technique

System reliability is an important aspect of operating system construction. Because of this, a number of researchers have proposed design methodologies [e. g., 1, 2, 3] which are intended to produce more reliable software. Although the methodologies differ, there seem to be some important properties that they have in common.One property is the decomposition of the system into components or modules which make as few assumptions as possible about the other components. We will call this the “minimal assumptions” property. Minimizing the assumptions one component makes about another component means that subsequent maintenance and extensions can be done with a smaller probability of introducing errors. A programmer is less likely to overlook critical, obscure interconnections if such interconnections are severely restricted.
Recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of indolent ulcers with Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome: a case report.

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome (KTWS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by cutaneous hemangiomata, venous varicosities and osseous soft tissue hypertrophy of the affected limb. We report a case of a patient with KTWS who had developed severe chronic, non-healing cutaneous ulcers resulting from several angiography procedures with embolization by various agents. The ulcers were treated with perilesional granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) with gratifying results. This case report suggests that GM-CSF may enhance the healing of chronic wounds not responding to other treatment modalities in patients with congenital angiodystrophy syndromes, thus salvaging a limb from amputation.
The Histophysiology of the Prolactin Cell in Non-Mammalian Vertebrates

synopsis. With the exception ofthe agnathan fishes, a prolactin cell has been identified in all vertebrates in which it has been sought. This review examines the structure of the prolactin-producing pituitary cell in non-mammalian vertebrates, the manner in which it responds to natural and artificial stimuli, and its control by neural and humoral factors. Fundamental similarities and differences are described in an attempt to understand better its method of operation. Given our present state of knowledge, there is, among all the apparent diversity, a similarity in the basic structure and morphological response of this cell in teleosts, amphibi? ans, reptiles, and birds. One can identify and speak with relative certainty about a specific adenohypophysial cell called a "prolactin cell." More profound differences may be found at the level of control mechanisms, chemistry ofthe hormone(s), and the nature of receptivity and response of target tissues. It appears that although there are basic similarities in the design ofthe prolactin cell, the systems that control its activities may differ and the similar products produced by the cell may be used toward different ends. This review examines the structure of the prolactin-producing pituitary cell in nonmammalian vertebrates, the manner in which it responds to natural and artifically induced stimuli, and its relation to the
The Use of Autologous Buccal Mucosa Grafts in Vaginal Reconstruction

Vaginal reconstruction can be challenging when there is a paucity of tissue, as the ideal donor source has yet to be determined. Many of the existing and commonly used techniques, such as vaginal replacement with skin grafts or bowel segments, have both advantages and disadvantages. A novel technique for vaginal replacement and reconstruction is with autologous buccal mucosa, an epithelium which is an excellent tissue match to the vagina. As urologists often have extensive experience with the use of oral mucosa for urethral reconstruction, it is fitting to apply these techniques to procedures where native vaginal tissue is lacking. This review presents the existing literature as well as the author's own experience with the use of autologous buccal mucosa for a variety of vaginal reconstructive procedures.
The Temple in Persian Period Prophetic Texts

Persian period prophetic texts do not suggest that prophets during this era were any more in the service of the temple system than were their pre-exilic predecessors. Rather than suggesting a change in the prophets' roles, these texts attest to the new realities of post-exilic Judah and to the new meanings of the second temple, which was not, as was the first temple, the chapel of a nation state. Just as prophets of the monarchic era addressed issues that grew out of the specific social and religious issues of that time, so too prophets of the second temple period addressed issues specific to that time, e.g., issues of status and power in the second temple Judean community. A new form of community with a new temple involved the prophets in new topics, e.g., eligibility to participate in temple worship, as well as old, e.g., veneration of false gods.
Categorical, low-dimensional decomposition of human odor space with non-negative matrix factorization

Recent studies using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) support low-dimensional models of odor space, in which one or two dimensions - with hedonic valence featuring prominently - explain most odor variability. Here we use non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) - a nonlinear optimization method - to discover an alternative, reduced-dimensional representation of the Dravnieks odor database (144 odors x 146 descriptors). NMF is theoretically well-suited for these types of analyses, as odor profiling data is inherently non-negative (e.g. descriptors either apply, or do not). We divided the dataset into training and testing halves, and found that RMSD testing error attained a minimum for subspace choice of 25, motivating this as an upper bound for odor perceptual space dimensionality. More parsimonious representations were found by comparing reconstruction errors (fraction of unexplained variance) of NMF with reconstruction errors of PCA on scrambled data (PCAsd). For subspace sizes > 10, NMF error was indistinguishable from PCAsd error, indicating no gain in retaining more than 10 perceptual dimensions. As is typical of NMF basis sets, the 10 odor dimensions we obtain are sparse (only a small subset of the 146 descriptors apply), and categorical (represent a positive valued quality). Moreover, these 10 dimensions were near-orthogonal, with a mean angle of 73 degrees between all pairs of basis vectors. Investigating the distribution of odors in this 10-dimensional space, we find marked clustering (Figure 1), with each odor being well-defined by its membership in a single dimension, and to the exclusion of others. In ongoing work, we are using graph-kernel methods to define a rudimentary mapping between physicochemical features of odorants and the 10 descriptor dimensions.
Voice therapy and vocal nodules in adults.

Purpose of reviewThis review considers recent and significant information pertinent to voice therapy for vocal nodules.Recent findingsAvailable evidence suggests that voice therapy directed to excessive, hyperfunctional and maladaptive vocal practices can be effective in improving voice quality and
Spectroscopic Studies of the Migration of Vanadium in the Model Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process

In order to help eliminate the deleterious effects of vanadium metals (from crude oil) on fluid cracking catalysts (FCCs) during the FCC process, spectroscopic studies on the migration of vanadium metal poisons on model FCCs have been carried out. Fresh samples of Eu-Y zeolite and AAA (aluminosilicate gel: 25% SiO2 and 75% Al2O3) matrix have been impregnated separately with vanadyl naphthenate [V(n)], vanadium(3+) acetylacetonate [V(acac)], and vanadyl tetraphenylporphine [V(TPP)]. Also, mixtures of vanadium-impregnated Eu-Y with an AAA matrix or vanadium-impregnated AAA matrix with Eu-Y were prepared, respectively. The mixtures were calcined at 540°C in flowing dry air or steamed at 730°C under hydrothermal conditions after calcination. Spectroscopic studies by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area analysis [Brunauer- Emmett-Teller (BET)], electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and luminescence were used for the study of vanadium migration between the FCC components, for the detection of the vanadium intermediates on each component during the FCC process and also to generalize the migration behavior of different vanadium precursors under calcination and steaming conditions. Vanadium species from three vanadium precursors migrated from the AAA matrices to Eu-Y or vice versa during the steaming stage. During calcining, vanadium species from V(acac) or V(n) impregnated into Eu-Y or AAA did not migrate, while small amounts of migration of V(TPP) on Eu-Y or AAA could be detected occasionally, indicating that migration during calcination, unlike migration during steaming, depended on the vanadium species. These observations and spectroscopic information may be useful for vanadium poison passivation.
Epoxy−Clay Fabric Film Composites with Unprecedented Oxygen-Barrier Properties

A new barrier-film chemistry is described in which two materials, namely a clay fabric film and a polymer, are combined to form a composite with gas-barrier properties that are far superior to those of the parent end members. Homoionic inorganic smectite clay fabric films of sodium montmorillonite and synthetic lithium fluorohectorite were cast in self-supported film form, impregnated with liquid epoxy resin and amine curing agent, and then cured to form the final epoxy−clay fabric film composite. The oxygen permeabilities of the epoxy−clay fabric film composites were lower by 2−3 orders of magnitude in comparison to that of the pristine polymer and by 3−4 orders of magnitude in comparison to that of the pristine clay film. This unprecedented reduction in oxygen permeability was attributed in part to the high volume fraction (∼77%) of highly aligned and nonswellable clay nanolayers in the fabric film and to the polymer filling of voids formed between imperfectly tiled clay platelet edges in the film. Mixe...
WEANING FROM MECHANICAL VENTILATION

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the major life-support modality during respiratory failure. Once the illness that precipitated respiratory failure has resolved, MV can be discontinued. 75 Practically, resolution of the lung injury that caused respiratory failure, and restoration of respiratory pump function may be slow, and are often incomplete at the time weaning is initiated. The risk of ventilator-associated complications, as well as the economic pressure of resource-intensive critical care, combine to favor the shortest duration of mechanical ventilation as can be safely achieved. This goal should be served by weaning, the process and procedure of discontinuing MV. In the past, weaning has been specifically defined as the gradual withdrawal of ventilator support, 69 but two factors merit excluding chronology from its definition: (1) the ambiguity of what constitutes gradual withdrawal; and (2) the difficulty of assessing the time course of reloading patients' respiratory pump (i.e., when weaning is actually occurring) since modern weaning modes are equally capable of providing full ventilatory support. Patients who can tolerate abrupt discontinuation of MV are by definition not dependent on MV, and do not require weaning. It is preferable to define weaning in the context of ventilator-dependence, rather than by the slowness of withdrawal. As for the seemingly obvious end-point, breathing without mechanical ventilatory support, the patient is successfully weaned only when a pre-defined period of time passes without need for reinstitution of MV.
The prodigal daughter: A biography of Sherwood Bonner

"McAlexander's biography, by far the best book on Bonner, is a story about many things--'a budding realist of the local color school' (as he assesses Bonner), a woman's struggle for identity, life in both Mississippi and Brahmin Boston in the mid-nineteenth century. It is, in the finest sense, biography as social history."--Fred Hobson, Georgia Historical Quarterly Sometimes enigmatic and often shocking, Sherwood Bonner (Katharine Bonner McDowell, 1849-1883) defied accepted notions of what she ought or ought not to be. Born into the Mississippi planter aristocracy, she married at age twenty-two and bore a child. Less than two years later, however, she left her husband, daughter, and native state to pursue education in Boston and fulfill her ambition of becoming a writer. Described by one Boston gossip as "a statuesque blond with cataracts of yellow hair," Bonner was befriended by Henry Wadsworth Longellow, who became her mentor and patron, and by James Redpath, a fellow conspirator of John Brown and one of the era's leading radicals. During her short life, Bonner produced short stories, the novel Like Unto Like (1878), and the novella The Valours (1881). She faded into obscurity after her death, but in recent years her work has been rediscovered--thanks in large part to this scrupulously researched biography, which was first published in 1981. Hubert McAlexander reveals Bonner as a southerner, as a woman, and as a strong individual in a time of great social change. In describing a life filled with glamor, romance, challenge, and success, Prodigal Daughter acquaints us with one of the most enchanting women of American letters. The Author: Hubert H. McAlexander is professor of English at the University of Georgia. He is the editor of Conversations with Peter Taylor and Critical Essays on Peter Taylor.
Project Cost Control at Raytheon's Wayland laboratory

This paper was written to assist those who wish to install a Project Cost Control system in their own organization. It does not provide the detailed procedures or computer programs, but it does discuss in some detail: 1) the development and implementation of the system, 2) the definitions of responsibility and authority required to make the system work, 3) the roles and interrelationships of the controller, line management and project management, 4) the requirement for, and methods of, dividing projects into manageable pieces both in terms of size and of time, 5) the paperwork required for documentation of both data inputs and data outputs (reports), and 6) the interpretation of reports in terms of project, organization and individual performance. The system described does not introduce any radically new approaches to management; it is clearly evident, however, that the application of the well-established principles discussed in the paper will produce worthwhile improvements in Project Cost Control with an attended improvement in management as a whole. The Cost Control System is an excellent base for PERT/COST. The “work package” approach and the “manageable size task” approach are, in effect, synonymous. The changes required to produce data outputs in accordance with customer interpretations of the PERT/COST requirements are small. A major step toward PERT/COST, that of “fine grained” cost control, is provided by the system.
Flight activity of Diabrotica spp. at the borders of cornfields and its relation to ovarian stage in D. barberi

Flight activity of corn rootworm beetles, the northern (NCR), Diabrotica barberi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and western (WCR), D. virgifera virgifera, was monitored using malaise traps placed at the edges of two small cornfields. Populations of beetles in the fields peaked while corn was flowering, but capture in malaise traps remained low until silks had dried. Capture of NCR and (to a lesser extent) WCR then increased and remained high through the season. Malaise traps were constructed to permit separate collections of beetles that entered on each of two opposite sides. Female NCR that were captured in sides that faced toward corn tended to contain fewer mature eggs than those in sides facing away from corn. These findings support the hypothesis that female NCR emigrate from cornfields to feed when fresh silk and corn pollen (favored foods) become unavailable, but that egg-laden NCR actively seek corn when searching for oviposition sites. Resume Relations entre le developpement ovarien de Diabrotica barberi et son activite de vol sur les lisieres des champs de mais. Les activites de vol de D. barberi (NCR) et D. virgifera virgifera (WCR) ont ete controlees par l'utilisation de pieges ‘malais’ places en lisiere de deux petits champs de mais. Les populations de ces coleopteres sont maximales quand le mais fleurit, mais leurs captures sont restees faibles jusqu'a ce que les barbes du mais aient ete seches. Les captures de NCR et, dans une plus faible mesure, celles de WCR ont alors augmente et sont restees importantes pendant toute la saison. Les pieges ‘malais’ ont ete concus pour que les adultes penetrant par les cotes opposes soient recoltes separement. Les femelles de NCR capturees face au champ de mais avaient tendance a contenir moins d'ovocytes murs que celles capturees du cote oppose. Ces observations appuient l'hypothese que les femelles NCR emigrent des champs de mais pour s'alimenter, quand les barbes et le pollen de mais, aliments preferes, deviennent indisponibles, mais que les femelles NCR pleines d'ovocytes murs recherchent le mais quand elles sont en quete de lieux de ponte.
Comparison of Typical Chewing Patterns in Normal Children and Adults

Understanding the changes in normal chewing patterns during growth may give insight into naturally occurring interrelationships and may be helpful in assessing the effects of malocclusion in children and adults.
Faith in the System: Conceptualizing Grand Strategy in the Post 9/11 World Order

The goal of Islamist terror groups is most usefully conceptualized as lowering levels of dynamic density within the international society to prevent Western institutions from supplanting local ones. Expressing the conflict in terms of relative influence permits a definition of the issue of contention that is currently lacking. This article draws on precepts of systems theory to explain the “War on Terror” as a conflict over the penetration of Western institutions into other societies. The basis of American grand strategy should therefore be encouraging greater reach of institutions that continue to enjoy global appeal despite policy differences.
Development of model-based multispectral controllers for smart material systems

The primary objective of this research is to develop novel model-based multispectral controllers for smart material systems in order to deal with sidebands and higher harmonics and with several frequency components simultaneously. Based on the filtered-X least mean square algorithm, it will be integrated with a nonlinear model-based controller called model predictive sliding mode control. Their performance will be verified in simulation and with various applications such as helicopter cabin noise reduction. This research will improve active vibration and noise control systems used in engineering structures and vehicles by effectively dealing with a wide range of multispectral signals.
Predicting Spending Behavior Using Socio-mobile Features

Human spending behavior is essentially social. This work motivates and grounds the use of mobile phone based social interaction features for classifying spending behavior. Using a data set involving 52 adults (26 couples) living in a community for over a year, we find that social behavior measured via face-to-face interaction, call, and SMS logs, can be used to predict the spending behavior for couples in terms of their propensity to explore diverse businesses, become loyal customers, and overspend. Our results show that mobile phone based social interaction patterns can provide more predictive power on spending behavior than often-used personality based features. Obtaining novel insights on spending behavior using social-computing frameworks can be of vital importance to economists, marketing professionals, and policy makers.
Social Capital and Participation in Community Improvement Activities by Elderly Residents in Small Towns and Rural Communities

This study critically reviews theoretical concepts and measurements of social capital and tests hypotheses that elaborate how four dimensions of social capital (informal social ties, formal social ties, trust, and norms of collective action) and sense of community are related to participation in community improvement activities for elderly residents in small towns and rural communities. Mail surveys of 2,802 elders in 99 small towns and rural communities in Iowa reveal that many elders are actively involved in their community. Social capital and sense of community are very important in predicting elderly participation in community improvement activities, but they relate differently to elderly community involvement. Formal ties and sense of community have much stronger relationships with community involvement than informal ties and norms of collective action. Generalized trust is not significantly related to elderly community involvement. Language: en
A Market-based Solution to the Multiple Traveling Salesmen Problem

This paper describes a market-based solution to the problem of assigning mobile agents to tasks. The problem is formulated as the multiple depots, multiple traveling salesmen problem (MTSP), where agents and tasks operate in a market to achieve near-optimal solutions. We consider both the classical MTSP, in which the sum of all tour lengths is minimized, and the Min-Max MTSP, in which the longest tour is minimized. We compare the market-based solution with direct enumeration in small scenarios, and show that the results are nearly optimal. For the classical MTSP, we compare our results to linear programming, and show that the results are within 1 % of the best cost found by linear programming in more than 90 % of the runs, with a significant reduction in runtime. For the Min-Max case, we compare our method with Carlsson's algorithm and show an improvement of 5 % to 40 % in cost, albeit at an increase in runtime. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the market-based solution to deal with changes in the scenario, e.g., agents leaving and entering the market. We show that the market paradigm is ideal for dealing with these changes during runtime, without the need to restart the algorithm, and that the solution reacts to the new scenarios in a quick and near-optimal way.
Computer simulation on a repetitive energy transfer system

Analytical design of repetitive energy transfer systems normally requires gross approximations of the nonlinear switches being used. The construction and testing of these circuits can be very costly and dangerous. This is especially true for very high power applications. An alternative approach is to use the computer to model and simulate the action of the circuit. This paper describes the development of a computer model for a repetitive energy transfer circuit from an inductive energy storage system and compares computer simulations to measurements from an actual system. The system used is a relatively small, low power system; however, the computer simulation can be easily scaled to predict performance for large, high power systems.
Considerations in the design and evaluation of cytotoxic estrogens

The estrogen receptor that is present in many breast tumors provides a mechanism for the concentration of estrogens. Hence, it should be possible to effect a selective, receptor-mediated killing of estrogen receptor-rich tumor cells with a suitable cytotoxic estrogen derivative. Because the dose per cell that can be delivered by a receptor-mediated process is limited by the capacity of the estrogen receptor system (ca. 1,000–10,000 molecules per cell), the cytotoxic moiety of these derivatives needs to be directed at a target where an effective cell kill can be achieved with this limited dose; DNA appears to be the most suitable target. The estrogen derivatives that contain DNA-alkylating and cross-linking groups and retain high affinity for the estrogen receptor should be carried selectively to the nucleus. There, it is hoped that they would react with DNA with reasonable efficiency. Definitive tests of receptor-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro could be performed in cultures of human breast tumor cells that are receptor positive (e.g., MCF-7) or receptor negative (e.g., MDA-MB-231). These tests would involve comparison of the potency of the cytotoxic estrogens with that of cytotoxic control compounds, both in the presence and absence of estradiol, in order to correct for possible differences in the sensitivity of the different cell lines to cytotoxic agents and to metabolic effects of estradiol. These agents would then be tested in experimental mammary tumor systems in the rat. Our current understanding of the characteristics of estrogen receptor binding, and the availability of suitable systems for studying these agents in vitro and in vivo, make a definitive test of selective cytotoxicity, mediated by the estrogen receptor, a timely and sensible endeavor.
Endovascular repair of an actively hemorrhaging gunshot injury to the abdominal aorta

Endovascular stents have had a limited role in the management of trauma and vascular emergencies involving active hemorrhage. We describe a patient with delayed rupture of the infrarenal aorta after intra-abdominal sepsis caused the breakdown of a primary aortic repair. A stent-graft repair was performed, as concomitant injuries did not allow anterior access to the aorta. This report describes the successful endovascular repair of an actively hemorrhaging penetrating abdominal aortic injury. Endovascular approaches to aortic injuries may be valuable in settings where a hostile abdomen precludes traditional open repair.
Nano-scale strengthening from grains, subgrains, and particles in Fe-based alloys

Nano-scale strengthening has been studied for Fe and Fe-based alloys and found to be a function of grains, subgrains, and particles. In Fe–C/O alloys, these microstructural features can result from phase transformations and deformation processes. The relationships between these structural features and strength have been quantified and the limitations established. The relationships were shown to apply equally well to structures produced by deformation and quenching. The major contributors to strength were carbide and oxide particles. Particles, grains, and subgrains were shown to provide significantly higher strengthening than contributions from solid solution effects.
Isotopic evidence of magmatism and seawater bicarbonate removal at the endeavour hydrothermal system

Stable and radiocarbon isotope measurements made on CO2 from high temperature hydrothermal vents on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge indicate a magmatic source of carbon to the hydrothermal system after a 1999 earthquake. The radiocarbon measurements require that a large fraction of seawater bicarbonate originally present in the downwelled fluid be removed during hydrothermal circulation. The Endeavour Segment is devoid of overlying sediments and has shown no observable signs of surficial magmatic activity during the previous 20 years of ongoing studies. The appearance of isotopically heavy, radiocarbon dead CO2 after a 1999 earthquake swarm indicate that this earthquake event was magmatic in origin. Evidence for the removal of seawater bicarbonate is a significant find because many studies to date have corrected CO2 data based on the presumption of the presence of seawater bicarbonate. Utilizing both stable and radiocarbon measurements there is some evidence of a sedimentary source of carbon at Endeavour. These findings, which represent the first temporally coherent set of radiocarbon measurements from hydrothermal vent fluids, demonstrate the utility of radiocarbon analysis in hydrothermal studies.
Confined dynamics of a ribosome-bound nascent globin: Cone angle analysis of fluorescence depolarization decays in the presence of two local motions

We still know very little about how proteins achieve their native three-dimensional structure in vitro and in the cell. Folding studies as proteins emerge from the mega Dalton-sized ribosome pose special challenges due to the large size and complicated nature of the ribosome-nascent chain complex. This work introduces a combination of three-component analysis of fluorescence depolarization decays (including the presence of two local motions) and in-cone analysis of diffusive local dynamics to investigate the spatial constraints experienced by a protein emerging from the ribosomal tunnel. We focus on E. coli ribosomes and an all-alpha-helical nascent globin in the presence and absence of the cotranslationally active chaperones DnaK and trigger factor. The data provide insights on the dynamic nature and structural plasticity of ribosome-nascent chain complexes. We find that the sub-ns motions of the N-terminal fluorophore, reporting on the globin dynamics in the vicinity of the N terminus, are highly constrained both inside and outside the ribosomal tunnel, resulting in high-order parameters (>0.85) and small cone semiangles (<30 degrees ). The shorter globin chains buried inside the tunnel are less spatially constrained than those of a reference sequence from a natively unfolded protein, suggesting either that the two nascent chain sequences have a different secondary structure and therefore sample different regions of the tunnel or that the tunnel undergoes local structural adjustments to accommodate the globin sequence. Longer globins emerging out of the ribosomal tunnel are also found to have highly spatially constrained slow (ns) motions. There are no observable spectroscopic changes in the absence of bound chaperones.
Structural and dynamic variations in DNA hexamers containing T-T and F-F single and tandem internal mispairs

Molecular dynamics simulations of double-helical DNA oligomers have been performed to investigate differences in the structure, dynamics, and hydration of F-F and T-T mispairs. Hexamers containing F-F pairs were found to be more dynamic, especially in the region of the mispair itself. This dynamic variability derives from greater flexibility of F-F pairs. The T-T mispairs, on the other hand, were found to be comparatively tightly bound as wobble pairs. The major and minor groove edges of the T-T pairs were observed to be solvated at exposed carbonyl positions by at least one water molecule, while F-F pairs lacked solvating waters. Stacking interactions were nearly identical for T-T and F-F pairs, leading to similar average structures, even though F stacking was more dynamically variable. Solvation differences between F-F and T-T therefore support the steric exclusion model for nucleotide incorporation in DNA replication. Large differences in the orientation of minor groove functional groups, in addition to differences in solvation, further rationalize why F bases present during DNA extension events induce stalls. Two novel nucleotides are proposed to further elucidate minor groove interactions of DNA with polymerase molecules.
Seamful Spaces Heterogeneous Infrastructures in Interaction

Understanding contemporary environments in the laboratory and elsewhere requires grappling conceptually with multiple, coexisting, nonconforming infrastructures which actors engage at the same time...
Social Communicative Revision Behaviors in Children With Down Syndrome

The relationship between maternal responses and child revisions was examined in two Down syndrome child-mother dyads. A time series design was used to determine whether a reduction in maternal responding resulted in an increase in child revisions. The results suggested that the percent of revision behaviors used by children with Down syndrome may, in part, be contingent on the level of responding exhibited by their mothers. As the percent of maternal utterances was experimentally decreased, the percent of child revision behaviors increased significantly. Conversely, as the mothers returned to their initial levels of responding, the children decreased their rate of revision behaviors.
Tobacco allergy and thromboangiitis obliterans

Abstract 1.1. A study of the problem of specific hypersensitiveness of the skin to tobacco in 35 typical cases of thromboangiitis obliterans and 35 controls was made. 2.2. The patients with thromboangiitis obliterans did not show a higher evidence of positive skin reactions than the control group. 3.3. The high incidence of positive skin reactions to tobacco tests reported by other investigators and interpreted as allergic reactions is considered due to some of the many nonspecific reactions from chemical irritation. 4.4. Thrombo-angiitis obliterans is not caused by an allergic type of tobacco hypersensitiveness.
Regulation of BK(Ca) channels expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells by epoxyeicosatrienoic acid.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are arachidonic acid metabolites of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which are released from endothelial cells and dilate arteries. Dilation seems to be caused by activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) leading to membrane hyperpolarization. Previous studies suggest that EETs activate BKCa channels via ADP-ribosylation of the G protein Gαs with a subsequent membrane-delimited action on the channel [Circ Res78:415–423, 1996; 80:877–884, 1997;85:349–356, 1999]. The present study examined whether this pathway is present in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells when the BKCa α-subunit (cslo-α) is expressed without the β-subunit. 11,12-EET increased outward K+ current in whole-cell recordings of HEK293 cells. In cell-attached patches, 11,12-EET also increased the activity of cslo-α channels without affecting unitary conductance. This action was mimicked by cholera toxin. The ADP-ribosyltransferase inhibitors 3-aminobenzamide and m-iodobenxylguanidine blocked the stimulatory effect of 11,12-EET. In inside-out patches 11,12-EET was without effect on channel activity unless GTP was included in the bathing solution. GTP and GTPγS alone also activatedcslo-α channels. Dialysis of cells with anti-Gαs antibody completely blocked the activation of cslo-α channels by 11,12-EET, whereas anti-Gαi/o and anti-Gβγ antibodies were without effect. The protein kinase A inhibitor KT5720 and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 did not reduce the stimulatory effect of 11,12-EET on cslo-α channels in cell-attached patches. These data suggest that EET leads to Gαs-dependent activation of the cslo-α subunits expressed in HEK293 cells and that the cslo-β subunit is not required.
Paradoxic embolism due to altered hemodynamic sequencing following transvenous pacing.

A young patient, who experienced a cerebral embolic event 30 days after transvenous pacemaker iead placement, is reported. This patient had previously been paced with an epicardial lead without evidence of right to left intracardiac shunt. However, hemodynamic evaluation post-embolism demonstrated a marked temporal disparity of the pulmonary and systemic ventricles. This phasic divergence resulted in a brief reversal of right and left ventricular pressure ratios, and a paradoxic intracardiac shunt at a small ventricular septal defect. The potential for similar events in the presence of any defect of the atrial or ventricular septum mandates caution in the use of transvenous pacemaker leads in such patients.
How Accurate Are Confidence Intervals for Impulse Responses in Large Var Models

Abstract We study the finite-sample accuracy and average length of pointwise confidence intervals for impulse responses in vector autoregressive models with many variables and many lags. Our results complement existing simulation evidence based on much simpler bivariate models.