cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Best Practices Models for Implementing, Sustaining, and Using Instructional School Gardens in California

To ascertain best practices for schools implementing or sustaining instructional school gardens by interviewing key members in 10 schools with exemplary instructional school gardens programs in California. Practices of schools with exemplary instructional school gardens programs were analyzed by constant comparative analysis using qualitative data analysis software. Seven of the 10 schools had people from at least 3 of the following 4 groups: administrators, teachers, parent and community volunteers and garden coordinators. Nine of 10 schools had a part- or full-time garden coordinator. Results demonstrated that a committee committed to instructional school gardens is the most important step towards success.
The risk of myocardial infarction associated with antihypertensive drug treatment in persons with uncomplicated essential hypertension.

We conducted a case-control study based on computer-recorded information accrued in the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database to assess and compare the relation between different antihypertensive drug therapies and myocardial infarction in patients with no known clinical or laboratory risk factors for myocardial infarction other than hypertension. Cases were treated hypertensive patients with no other known risk factors who developed a first acute myocardial infarction between January 1, 1993, and October 31, 1994. They were ascertained from a review of the clinical record together with a questionnaire filled out by the attending general practitioner. Controls were matched to each case for age, sex, general practice, and index date. Antihypertensive therapy was derived from the computerized patient record. The study consisted of 210 cases and 793 controls. Compared with users of β-blockers alone, the adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates for all other treatment regimens were close to 1.0. A comparison of users of calcium channel blockers alone with users of β-blockers alone yielded a RR estimate of 0.9 (95% CI 0.5, 1.7). We conclude that the risk of acute myocardial infarction in otherwise healthy, treated hypertensive patients is not materially associated with the particular drug they receive.
Urgent Biophilia: Human-Nature Interactions in Red Zone Recovery and Resilience

This contribution builds upon earlier work on the concept of biophilia while synthesizing literatures on restorative environments, community-based ecological restoration, and both community and social-ecological disaster resilience. It suggests that when humans, faced with a disaster, as individuals and as communities and populations, seek engagement with nature to further their efforts to summon and demonstrate resilience in the face of a crisis, they exemplify an urgent biophilia. This urgent biophilia represents an important set of human-nature interactions in social-ecological systems characterized by hazard, disaster, or vulnerability, often appearing in the ‘backloop’ of the adaptive cycle. The relationships that human-nature interactions have to other components within interdependent systems at many different scales may be one critical source of resilience in disaster and related contexts. In other words, the affinity we humans have for the rest of nature, the process of remembering that attraction, and the urge to express it through creation of restorative environments, which may also restore or increase ecological function, may confer resilience across multiple scales.
Vapor-Liquid-Solid Etch of Semiconductor Surface Channels by Running Gold Nanodroplets.

We show that Au nanoparticles spontaneously move across the (001) surface of InP, InAs, and GaP when heated in the presence of water vapor. As they move, the particles etch crystallographically aligned grooves into the surface. We show that this process is a negative analogue of the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth of semiconductor nanowires: the semiconductor dissolves into the catalyst and reacts with water vapor at the catalyst surface to create volatile oxides, depleting the dissolved cations and anions and thus sustaining the dissolution process. This VLS etching process provides a new tool for directed assembly of structures with sublithographic dimensions, as small as a few nanometers in diameter. Au particles above 100 nm in size do not exhibit this process but remain stationary, with oxide accumulating around the particles.
Femoral Morphology in Patients Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy for Classic or Borderline Acetabular Dysplasia: Are Cam Deformities Common?

Abstract Background The primary purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of Cam deformity in patients with symptomatic acetabular dysplasia (SAD) who underwent periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 164 SAD PAO patients from 2 institutions. Preoperative anteroposterior and frog-lateral radiographs were analyzed for lateral center edge angle (LCEA), retroversion, alpha angles, and anterior femoral head-neck offset. Hips were classified as dysplastic (LCEA Results The overall prevalence of Cam deformity was 10% (17 of 164) in SAD patients. There was no difference in the prevalence of Cam deformity between the groups ( P > .99). Conclusion Prevalence of Cam deformities in our series of SAD patients having undergone PAO is less than prior reports. Careful radiographic measurement should be performed to avoid overtreating these hips with unnecessary osteochondroplasty procedures.
Québec Content in Images

This chapter draws upon the social-semiotic approach of Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) to analyze Canadian and Quebec images in sixty-five beginning-level French textbooks for the US market published from 1960 to 2010. The qualitative analysis is divided into three parts. The first analyzes how people are depicted in the Canadian and Quebec images with a focus on the ideational (identity and activity) and interpersonal (proximity to viewers). The second analyzes the ideational meaning of cityscapes and landscapes with a focus on the degree of specificity of identity and activity. The third examines three textbooks in terms of multimodality with an analysis of their combined use of image and text to create meaning about Canada and Quebec. Each of these analyses are conducted for textbooks divided by the five decades of the study, and the results reveal an increase in the variation in the meanings constructed through images over time.
Noninvasive Topical In Vivo Imaging of Skin: Confocal Reflectance Microscopy and Polarized Light Imaging

Topical, noninvasive, label-free imaging of skin can be accomplished using a variety of techniques. This chapter discusses two methods that are sensitive to the structure of tissue on the 10–10-μm scale because they are based on light scattering, as opposed to methods, such as fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy that inform about the chemical composition of a tissue. The two methods are: (1) confocal reflectance imaging that includes both confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and (2) polarized light imaging, which is sensitive to both light-scattering structures and birefringent fibers like collagen and actin–myosin.
Revised Model for Presentation in Statement(s) of Financial Performance: Potential Implications for Measurement in the Conceptual Framework

SYNOPSIS: Current financial performance reporting has led to a focus on earnings per share and a proliferation of both non-GAAP measures and items reported in other comprehensive income. I examine characteristics of some of the more common non-GAAP earnings adjustments to propose a financial performance reporting model that consistently presents information with those characteristics separately. This reporting model focuses on distinguishing operating results from nonoperating results and within those categories presenting recurring amounts separately from nonrecurring amounts. I next explore potential implications for measurement. This analysis identifies conditions when the recognition of incremental unrealized gains or losses (UGLs) in income under a fair value measurement model improves relevance of reported information. The analysis suggests that UGLs provide most relevant information when there are no internal or external constraints affecting management's ability to sell an asset or transfer a liab...
Social Mobility in Late Antique Gaul: INTRODUCTION: BARBARIAN GAUL

The historian is generally occupied far more with great events and imposing characters than with the quiet, dim life which flows on in silent, monotonous toil beneath the glare and tumult of great tragedies and triumphs. It is natural that it should be so. SAMUEL DILL, Roman Society in Gaul in the Merovingian Age Late Antiquity, stretching roughly from the late third through seventh centuries, was an age characterized by transition. In that period, Europe experienced dramatic political and social changes: Western imperial rule disappeared, replaced by smaller kingdoms, trade and taxation declined, aristocrats concentrated on more proximate interests, and Roman and indigenous cultures merged. Furthermore, Christian thought and practice increasingly infiltrated and influenced European politics, society, and culture. Inhabitants of Gaul were in theforefront in experiencing these important societal shifts. Gallic society forever changed with the introduction of peoples whom the sources label “barbarians.” Sizeable migrating groups passed through and/or settled in Gaul from the first decade of the fifth century. According to the chronicle tradition, bands of Vandals, Sueves, and Alans moved westward over the Rhine River from December 406. By 409, some had proceeded to Spain and North Africa, while others stayed. The Empire responded to these movements by expanding a policy of settling the “barbarians” as foederati , federate soldiers. In 413, the Western government settled Burgundians along the upper Rhine, and in 418 it placed Visigothic foederati in the province of Aquitania Secunda. By then, Franks had long been serving a similar purpose in northern Gaul.
Temperature Effect on the Quality of A1N thin Films

AlN thin films were deposited at various substrate temperatures via Plasma Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The films were grown on 6H-SiC (0001) substrates. Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy showed a dramatic change in the surface morphology of the film grown at 640°C. This is attributed to a change in the growth mechanism from pseudomorphic at lower temperatures to three-dimensional at higher than 640°C temperatures. Photoreflectance measurements showed an absorption shift toward 200 nm as the deposition temperature increases which is attributed to the change in the growth mechanism at higher temperatures. X-Ray Diffraction was unable to conclusively determine the AlN (0002) peak due to a significant diffuse intensity from the SiC (0002) peak. A MIS structure was created by depositing Pt contacts on the film grown at 500°C. I-V measurements showed that the Pt/AlN contact is Schottky.
Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine, with and without MK-467, following intramuscular administration in cats anesthetized with isoflurane

Abstract Objective To characterize the hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine, with or without MK-467, following intramuscular (IM) administration in cats. Study design Randomized, crossover, experimental study. Animals Six healthy adult male castrated purpose-bred cats. Methods Cats were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and instrumented. Cats were administered dexmedetomidine (25 μg kg −1 ), with (DM) or without (D) MK-467 (600 μg kg −1 ), IM in the epaxial muscles. Cardiovascular variables, respiratory variables, temperature, and arterial and mixed-venous pH, blood gases and electrolytes were measured prior to drug administration and at various time points for 6 hours thereafter, during anesthesia with isoflurane. Additional variables were calculated from the measurements, using standard equations. Results were analyzed with a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance, followed by Dunnett’s and paired t tests where appropriate. Results Dexmedetomidine resulted in a significant decrease in cardiac index (CI) and significant increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI). The addition of MK-467 failed to prevent most of the early cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine, but the duration of systemic vasoconstriction was shorter and CI did not decrease. The lowest and highest post-treatment values in each treatment were 0.1 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.03 L minute −1 BW −0.67 (D) versus 0.14 ± 0.01 and 0.19 ± 0.03 L minute −1 BW −0.67 (DM) for CI, 87 ± 13 and 181 ± 21 mmHg (D) versus 70 ± 11 and 153 ± 18 mmHg (DM) for MAP and 58,948 ± 17,754 and 119,432 ± 40,423 dynes second cm −5 BW −0.67 (D) versus 25,870 ± 3782 and 76,498 ± 17,258 dynes second cm −5 BW −0.67 (DM) for SVRI, respectively. Conclusion and clinical relevance IM coadministration of MK-467 and dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anesthetized cats shortened dexmedetomidine-induced cardiovascular effects. This drug combination may be useful in cats in which longer-lasting hypertension and hemodynamic depression is of concern.
Press one for POTUS, two for the German chancellor

In some ways, there is nothing worse than academizing humor. But what happens when jokes are the vehicle for reconciling precarious economies? Anthropological attention has examined humor as a means of nonideological political critique, and as a means of maintaining social relations. Building on these traditions, I explore the jokes that Indian transnational migrant programmers tell about outsourcing and call center work—such as envisioning a world in which presidents are replaced by call center workers—which parody the palpable contradictions of knowledge economies. Humor can be a tool to disrupt what Autonomist Marxists have described as the incorporation of the soul into the heart of cognitive labor. It can also police the boundaries of acceptable behavior. This article uses accounts of the lives of Indian programmers, particularly those for whom Berlin provided passage into the middle class, to closely analyze how Indian programmers maneuver between the roles of racialized, backend, grunt coder and of...
Individual Differences in Contrast Sensitivity Functions of Human Adults and Infants: A Brief Review

Even when individuals are matched for age and ocular health, their contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) will differ. Some of these differences seem to be caused by individual differences in underlying spatial mechanisms that detect narrow ranges of spatial frequency. This is because an individual’s performance at a particular frequency (i.e., one’s sensitivity to a test frequency relative to the group mean at that frequency) tends to predict performance at nearby frequencies only. Attempts to use individual differences in CSFs to test quantitative models of spatial mechanisms are reviewed. Preliminary analyses indicate that mechanisms tuned to low spatial frequencies at birth may shift to higher frequencies during development.
The effect of patient gender on outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Background Gender differences may exist for patients undergoing shoulder arthroplasty. Limited data suggest that women may have worse preoperative disability and outcomes. Our objective was to determine whether gender influences preoperative disability and patient-reported outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. Methods Data were prospectively collected for patients who underwent reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for rotator cuff arthropathy or osteoarthritis with a rotator cuff tear at a single institution between 2009 and 2015. Range of motion, visual analog scale, 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were collected at the preoperative, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative time points. Data were analyzed using multivariate mixed-effect regression analysis. Results There were 117 patients included. Men and women had similar demographics, preoperative range of motion, pain, and function. Length of stay was similar (men, 2.32 days; women, 2.58 days; P = .18). Controlling for patient variables, men achieved higher ASES function (P = .009) and SF-12 Physical Component Summary (P = .008) scores compared with women. There was no difference between men and women in ASES pain and SF-12 Mental Component Summary scores, visual analog scale score, or range of motion. Conclusion Improvements in pain and range of motion were similar in men and women; however, men achieved higher ASES function and SF-12 Physical Component Summary scores. Women may be more functionally impaired on the basis of differences in activities of daily living. These results may be used to guide discussion about expected benefits after reverse shoulder arthroplasty.
Examining Differentiation of Self as a Mediator in the Biobehavioral Family Model.

The Biobehavioral Family Model (BBFM) is a biopsychosocial model of health. This model proposes that biobehavioral reactivity mediates the association between the family emotional climate and disease activity. To improve the clinical relevance of the BBFM, variables that mediate the association between family emotional climate and biobehavioral reactivity need to be tested. This study examined differentiation of self as a mediator. Using data from the Midlife Development in the United States study (n = 854), results suggested that differentiation of self mediated the association between the family and intimate partner emotional climate and mental health symptoms. These findings suggest that including differentiation of self into the BBFM may help interventions based on the model target factors that could improve health outcomes.
Understanding the Process of Creation: A New Approach

Our contemporary civilization increasingly relies on creative approaches and solutions. This growing dependence makes issues of control, regulation, and management of the process of creation ever more important. This article finds two major current theoretical perspectives on creativity and the process of creation to be vulnerable in one important respect: their explanation of the production of disequilibrium, which plays a singularly important role in the process of creation, does not pass the test of rational justification. This article suggests that the production of disequilibrium is intimately related to equilibration—the essential operation of rational thought processes. The emphasis on the role equilibration makes a rational justification of the production of disequilibrium possible. The new theoretical perspective opens the path toward a comprehensive and objective understanding of the process of creation, which is the main condition for regulating, controlling, and managing this process.
Orbitocranial wooden foreign body: a pre-, intra-, and postoperative chronicle: case report.

Objective Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies--usually from a low-velocity puncture--are elusive and demand a low threshold for further imaging. In patients with traumatic injuries, orbital and intracranial air from fractures may be present, and it is particularly easy to overlook a wooden fragment Clinical presentation A 53-year-old equestrian was kicked in the face by the rear hoof of a horse. The event was captured on video by her husband. Although no obvious entry point in and around the eye was observed, her ocular examination was notable for superior orbital fissure syndrome and increasing intraocular pressure in the left eye. Closer inspection revealed a 5-mm laceration above her superior lid margin; imaging revealed a foreign body at the orbital apex with apparent communication with the cranial vault. Intervention We proceeded with cranio-orbital exploration because of the risk of continued ocular damage in the setting of increasing intraocular pressure and the potential for infection of both the eye and the intracranial space from a suspected foreign body. A 3.0 cm x 0.5 cm fragment was found lodged in the orbital apex and removed. Conclusion The patient recovered well after surgery and a course of antibiotics and has returned to riding. This case report presents an algorithm for approaching cranio-orbital foreign objects of unclear identity and the favorable outcomes that may be achieved.
Radiation Therapy as Definitive Local Treatment in Patients with Limited-Stage Small Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Does total dose matter?

Purpose To determine whether total radiation dose affects survival outcomes for patients with small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB). Methods We queried the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients with limited stage SCCB undergoing multimodality treatment and retrospectively analyzed survival outcomes according to total radiation dose received. Results Patients aged 41-79 receiving a total radiation dose of 54 Gy or greater had a significant improvement in overall survival compared to those receiving less than 54 Gy, with a median overall survival of 58.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 37.2-80.6 months) compared to 21.5 months (95% CI 15.2 -27.8 months) (p < 0.05). There was no difference in outcomes for patients receiving between 54 and 60 Gy compared to those receiving 60 Gy or higher. There was also no difference in outcomes based on total radiation dose for patients 80 years and older. Conclusions For patients aged 79 or younger with limited stage SCCB, total radiation dose of 54 Gy or greater is associated with better overall survival.
Purification and properties of esterases characteristic of adult rat brain

1. A method for the partial purification of an esterase fraction, present in the brain of the adult but not the newborn rat, is described. A 54-fold purification was achieved in three steps. 2. When subjected to starch-gel electrophoresis, the purified fraction resolved into three bands of esterase activity. Two of these bands migrate close together and faster than other esterases in the brain. These two esterases are inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate but not by di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate. The third band is di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate-sensitive and migrates just behind the two leading esterases. 3. After treatment with di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate, to obviate the effects of the di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate-sensitive esterase, the enzyme preparation hydrolyses alpha-naphthyl acetate, alpha-naphthyl propionate and alpha-naphthyl butyrate, but not cholesteryl acetate. The V(max.) for the naphthyl esters decreased with increase in chain length of the acyl group. The acetate ester is hydrolysed 34 times as fast as the butyrate and about seven times as fast as the propionate derivative. The K(m) values for these three esters, measured at pH7.2 and 37 degrees , are 2.8x10(-4)m, 3.1x10(-4)m and 7.3x10(-5)m for the acetate, propionate and butyrate derivatives respectively. 4. The Hofstee (1952) plots for the kinetic data show a single line, indicating that the two most-rapidly migrating esterases, although electrophoretically separable, are not kinetically distinguishable in the substrate ranges examined.
Antecedent-Consequent Relationships and Cyclical Patterns between Affective States and Problem Solving Outcomes

We explored the complex interplay between students' affective states and problem solving outcomes. We conducted a study where 41 students solved 28 analytical reasoning problems from the Law School Admission Test. Participants viewed videos of their interaction history and judged their emotions at theoretically relevant points in the problem solving session (after new problem is displayed, in the midst of problem solving, after feedback is received). We explore excitatory and inhibitory relationships between the affective states and problem solving outcomes (i.e. success or failure, and associated positive or negative feedback). We isolate affective states that are consequences of outcomes and associated feedback as well as affective states that are antecedents of positive or negative outcomes. Follow-up analyses focused on cyclical patterns that incorporate complex relationships between the affective states and problem solving outcomes. Implications of our results for affect-sensitive artificial learning environments are discussed.
High-performance computing service for bioinformatics and data science.

Despite having an ideal setup in their labs for wet work, researchers often lack the computational infrastructure to analyze the magnitude of data that result from “-omics” experiments. In this innovative project, the library supports analysis of high-throughput data from global molecular profiling experiments by offering a high-performance computer with open source software along with expert bioinformationist support. The audience for this new service is faculty, staff, and students for whom using the university’s large scale, CORE computational resources is not warranted because these resources exceed the needs of smaller projects. In the library’s approach, users are empowered to analyze high-throughput data that they otherwise would not be able to on their own computers. To develop the project, the library’s bioinformationist identified the ideal computing hardware and a group of open source bioinformatics software to provide analysis options for experimental data such as scientific images, sequence reads, and flow cytometry files. To close the loop between learning and practice, the bioinformationist developed self-guided learning materials and workshops or consultations on topics such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s BLAST, Bioinformatics on the Cloud, and ImageJ. Researchers apply the data analysis techniques that they learned in the classroom in an ideal computing environment. This article was selected by the Virtual Projects Advisory Committee of technology experts after an annual call for projects in MLA-FOCUS and announcements to encourage submissions from all types of libraries.
Constructing Canonical Strategies for Parallel Implementation of Isogeny Based Cryptography.

Isogeny based cryptographic systems are one of the very competitive systems that are potentially secure against quantum attacks. The run time of isogeny based systems are dominated by a sequence of point multiplications and isogeny computations performed over supersingular elliptic curves in a specific order. The order of the sequence play an important role in the run time of the algorithms, and an optimal strategy can be efficiently determined yielding the minimum cost among all possible choices when a single processor is in use. In this paper, we generalize this idea and propose new algorithms that determine strategies for K processors under two different parallelization models: Per-Curve Parallelization (PCP) and Consecutive-Curve Parallelization (CCP). We present several recursive formulation of canonical strategies and their cost under the PCP model. As a result, we show how to construct the best (optimal) strategies under the PCP model. For some cryptographically interesting parameters, we obtain up to 24% (for \(K=2\)), 40% (for \(K=4\)), and 51% (for \(K=8\)) theoretical speed ups over the optimal strategies with one processor. The more general CCP model offers a refinement of PCP, and yields up to 30% (for \(K=2\)), 47% (for \(K=4\)), and 55% (for \(K=8\)) theoretical speed ups over the optimal strategies with one processor.
FPGA Virtualization in Cloud-Based Infrastructures Over Virtio

In this paper, we introduce a novel framework for virtualizing FPGA resources in the cloud. The proposed framework targets hardware/software architectures that leverage the Virtio paradigm for efficient communication between virtual machines (VMs) and the FPGAs. Furthermore, we present an FPGA overlay that uses reconfigurable hardware tiles and a flexible network-on-chip (NoC) architecture for transparent and optimized allocation of FPGA resources to VMs. The proposed overlay makes it possible to merge several FPGA regions allocated to a VM into a larger area, thus allowing resizing of FPGA's resources on demand. Hardware sandboxes are then provided as a means to enforce domain separation between hardware tasks belonging to different VMs. The framework introduced prevents the overhead of context switches between the virtual machine and host address spaces by using the in-kernel network stack for transferring packets to FPGAs. Experimental results show a 2x to 35x performance increase compared to current state of the art virtualization approaches.
Acute Ankle Ligament Injuries

Acute sprains of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle are among the most common injuries in athletes. While most do not require surgical intervention, an understanding of ankle biomechanics, injury mechanisms, and risk factors is critical to properly managing these injuries and optimizing outcomes. The following is an overview of lateral ligament injuries, including epidemiology, injury pathomechanics, and an overview of treatment strategies. The physician’s ability to properly manage these patients and identify patients at risk for recurrent injury will mitigate the patient’s risk of recurrent and associated injury, and to ultimately improve their outcome, performance, and quality of life.
Quantitative assessment of immune cell populations and associations with clinical outcomes in African-American (AA) versus Caucasian triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

e14180Background: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are powerful prognostic and predictive factors in TNBC. We hypothesized that survival differences in TNBC by race may be caused by difference...
The effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on early human hematopoietic progenitor cells treated with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide.

We have previously reported that 20 hours' preincubation of human bone marrow cells with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) can protect early progenitor cells from 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) cytotoxicity. Since tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) shares many of the biologic properties of IL-1, we have compared the protective effects of TNF alpha with IL-1 against 4-HC. Incubation of human bone marrow mononuclear cells or an enriched progenitor population for 20 hours with either TNF alpha or IL-1 resulted in the survival of an increased number of single- and mixed-lineage colonies, including replatable blast cell colonies, while only rare colonies were seen in the control group. Antibodies to TNF alpha completely abolished the protection observed with IL-1, while antibodies to IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta decreased but did not abolish the protection seen with TNF alpha. Combinations of low doses of TNF alpha and IL-1 showed synergy in their protective effects. Furthermore, no protection was observed by IL-1, IL- 1 bone-marrow-conditioned medium (IL-1-BMCM), or TNF alpha for HL-60, K562, KG1, KG1a, and DU.528 leukemic-cell lines or primary acute myelogenous leukemic (AML) blast cells from the lethal effects of 4-HC. In the case of HL-60 and KG1a cell lines, TNF alpha preincubation resulted in increased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, preincubation of a mixture of AML cells and normal bone-marrow cells with IL-1 + TNF alpha before 4-HC resulted in the protection of normal but not leukemic progenitors. These results suggest that TNF alpha is necessary for the protection of normal, early, human hematopoietic progenitors from 4-HC, while IL-1 is not mandatory but will synergize with TNF alpha to offer increased protection. In addition, no protection from 4-HC is observed by TNF alpha, IL-1, or IL-1-BMCM for primary leukemic blast cells or leukemic cell lines.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Access to Care during the Early Years of Affordable Care Act Implementation in California

Background and Purpose Following the Affordable Care Act (ACA) health insurance expansions, this study asks: did racial/ethnic group disparities in access to care remain? And specifically, did Latinos experience worse access to care after the ACA expansions compared to other racial/ethnic groups? Methods Dataset: 2015 California Health Interview Survey (n=21,034; N=29,083,000). Participants: Adults, ages 18 and older, in California. Analyses: Bivariate chi-square tests and logistic multivariate regressions, including stratification by insurance. Results Bivariate tests showed associations between racial/ethnic group and access to care. Latinos had lowest rates of having a usual source of care among uninsured (49.5%) and job-based coverage (85.2%). One-fifth of uninsured non-Latino whites (21%) report foregoing needed care. In the multivariate models, non-Latino whites had significantly higher odds of having a usual source of care (OR=1.32; p<0.05), but also of foregoing needed care (OR=1.43; p<0.05), than Latinos. Asian Americans had significantly lower odds of visiting a doctor in the past year (OR=0.65; p<0.05) than Latino adults. Conclusion Following the ACA, disparities among racial/ethnic groups have become more complex. While Latino adults still have lower rates of having a usual source of care, Asian American adults have low rates of visiting a doctor, and non-Latino whites have high rates of foregoing needed care. Further research into the causes of difficulties in accessing care is needed, as health insurance expansions did not create health equity in solving access to care problems.
A novel in vivo selection for metastasis promoting genes in the mouse

461 A forward genetic screen was used to identify metastasis promoting factors. A non-metastatic cancer cell line 168FARN was introduced with a retroviral cDNA library and orthotopically transplanted into mouse mammary fat pad, followed by selection for cells that metastasize to the lung. Two genes, the disulfide isomerase ERp5 and β-catenin, were found to promote breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Because it is well established that β-catenin plays an important role in tumor metastasis, the isolation of this gene validates the ability of this approach to identify bona fide metastasis promoting genes. Disulfide isomerases (thiol isomerases), which catalyze disulfide bond formation, reduction and isomerization, have not previously been implicated in cancer cell signaling and tumor metastasis. Overexpression of ERp5 promotes both in vitro migration, invasion and in vivo metastasis of breast cancer cells. These effects were shown to involve activation of ErbB2 and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways through homodimerization of ErbB2. Activation of ErbB2 and PI3K subsequently stimulates RhoA and β-catenin which mediate the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Inhibition of ErbB2 and PI3K reverses the phenotypes induced by ERp5. Finally, ERp5 was shown to be up-regulated in the human surgical samples of invasive breast cancers. Our data identify a link between disulfide isomerases and tumor development, and provide a novel mechanism that modulates the ErbB2 and PI3K signaling in the promotion of cancer progression.
Marranismo, Allegory, and the Unsayable in Arturo Ripstein’s El Santo Oficio

This chapter investigates three related issues in Arturo Ripstein’s cinematic interpretation of the Carvajal story in El Santo Oficio: the construction of marranismo (or crypto-Jewishness), the use of allegory, and the representation of interrogation, each of which is structured around the inaccessibility of the truth of the other. In a discussion of these three interconnected phenomena, the essay underscores their structural compatibility: Specifically that the marrano, a subject understood to guard a secret, and allegory, a rhetorical tool that disguises the “true story” by speaking otherwise, bear a formal resemblance to interrogation, which is fueled by a desire to access the hidden truth of the other. The philosophical-critical works of Jacques Derrida, Ricardo Forster, and Walter Benjamin is referents throughout the essay.
Advanced Techniques in Fourier Transform NMR

In this chapter, we shall be concerned with various techniques for the rapid acquisition of NMR data. We shall discuss their advantages and their limitations as well as some of the relevant experimental details. Since there are so many methods being published regularly in so many subfields of NMR, we shall limit ourselves here to the more common newer techniques and for the most part to techniques in which the Fourier transform plays some important part.
Personality traits and bitterness perception influence the liking and intake of pale ale style beers

Abstract Bitterness is classically considered undesirable in foods and beverages. Yet, widespread commercial success of beers (like Bitters in the UK or IPAs in the US) indicate bitterness is desirable for some consumers. Here, we tested whether personality traits influence beer liking and intake. Under laboratory conditions, beer consumers (n = 109) rated liking and intensity of 2 pale ales and a lager, and intensity of two bitter solutions (quinine, Tetralone®). Participants also completed intake and personality questionnaires (Sensation Seeking, Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward, and Food Involvement). A liking ratio for each beer was calculated from each participant’s liking for that specific beer and their total liking for all beers. Participants were classified as weekly, monthly, or yearly pale ale consumers using intake data. Using intensity ratings, personality measures, and other parameters, hierarchical linear regression was used to predict liking ratios, and logistic regression was used to predict beer intake frequency. A significant interaction between Sensation Seeking and quinine bitterness (p = 0.03) was found for the liking ratio of a pale ale. The interaction revealed liking of the pale ale increased with Sensation Seeking but only if quinine bitterness was also high. Intake models showed increased odds of frequent pale ale intake with greater quinine bitterness and lower liking for lager beer. These data suggest liking and intake of pale ales is positively related to Sensation Seeking and bitter taste perception. Contrary to findings in other bitter foods and beverages, the high bitterness found in pale ales may be desirable for some consumers.
Biologic and Synthetic Cellular and/or Tissue-Based Products and Smart Wound Dressings/Coverings.

Cellular and/or tissue-based products (CTPs) have advanced greatly in the past several decades and improve the ability to heal wounds more efficiently. Products can be characterized as nonviable cells, tissue based, animal; nonviable cells, tissue based, human; viable human cells, cultured in vitro, animal substrate; viable human cells, cultured in vitro, synthetic substrate; viable human cells, noncultured, intact tissue. There are approximately 77 different CTPs at the time of this writing, with many more being investigated. Cellular and/or tissue-based product selection, application, postapplication course, and patient selection depend on patient attributes, CTP specifications, and surgeon preference.
Maternal Outcomes of Ongoing Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Life-Limiting Conditions

Objective This study aimed to examine maternal outcomes of ongoing pregnancies complicated by fetal life-limiting conditions. Study design This was a retrospective matched cohort study of women with a diagnosis of fetal life-limiting condition between 2010 and 2018 in a single academic center. Cases were matched to controls (women who had normal fetal anatomic survey) according to year of delivery, body mass index, and parity in a 1:4 ratio. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare the prevalence of the primary composite outcome, which included any one of the following: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, third and fourth degree laceration, postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, endometritis or wound infection, maternal intensive care unit admission, hysterectomy and maternal death, between cases and controls. Results During the study period, we found 101 cases that met inclusion criteria, matched to 404 controls. The rate of the composite maternal outcome did not differ between the two groups (39.6 vs. 38.9%, p = 0.948). For individual outcomes, women with diagnosis of fetal life-limiting condition had higher rates of blood transfusion (2.0 vs. 0%, p = 0.005) and longer length of the first stage of labor (median of 12 [6.8–22.0] hours vs. 6.6 [3.9–11.0] hours; p Conclusion After controlling for confounding factors, except a longer first stage of labor, women diagnosed with fetal life-limiting conditions who continued the pregnancy did not have a higher rate of adverse maternal outcomes. Key Points
Iterative reconstruction using Monte Carlo generated system matrix for angle-restricted optical tomography

Filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction is a simple and rapid technique for reconstructing tomographic data. Optical projection tomography (OPT) for instance, makes use of this technique to facilitate three dimensional visualization of optically clear biological tissues. However, for the case of nontransparent specimens where scattering dominates, more representative algorithms are required to model the behavior of light through the sample such that the object of interest can be recreated. In this work, model-based iterative techniques are investigated for use with an angle-restricted fluorescence OPT system for the specific application of imaging lymph nodes. Through physical and simulated phantoms, the effects of model inaccuracies in Monte Carlo-generated system matrices was evaluated. Findings demonstrated the importance of accurately capturing detector response, and that sample optical properties were more influential than sample geometry in affecting the reconstructed results.
Probabilistic Estimation of Levelized Cost of Electricity from Using Geologically Stored CO2 for Geothermal Energy Production

The use of geologically stored CO2 as a geothermal heat extraction fluid can take advantage of the beneficial thermophysical characteristics of CO2 that can render it a more effective heat extraction fluid than the brine that exists in the aquifers. Some of these characteristics include a higher mobility (inverse kinematic viscosity) in reservoir conditions and a highly temperature-dependent density that can result in a naturally self-convecting thermosiphon between injection and production wells. This thermosiphon may reduce or eliminate the need for subsurface pumps—and the associated parasitic pumping power—for fluid circulation. Part of the utility of such a CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) system is the possibility to generate baseload or dispatchable electricity with levelized costs of electricity (LCOEs) that are on par with the LCOEs of other energy technologies of regional electricity systems.
Relation between the Boardroom Centrality and the Firm Performance

How managers’ social network would affect a firm's performance, and what kind of relationship between them are two main points we discuss during our research. We evaluate a manager in four centralities: degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality, and eigenvector centrality, and compare to their company performance. Overall, our results suggest that executives’ social networks relate tightly to firm performance and have a positive relation to it.
Using Multidisciplinary Partnerships to Advance Juvenile Justice Reform: Experiences in 10 Communities:

The Annie E. Casey Foundation created its national deep-end initiative to support local jurisdictions to develop and implement practices, policies, and programs that prevent youth involved in the j...
Student Interest and Performance in Dual Enrollment Engineering Courses

Dual enrollment is a mechanism for high school students to take courses for college credit while still in high school. Through purposeful development and implementation, engineering courses required of all first year engineering students at the University of Cincinnati were made available to regional high schools. This program has allowed the university to develop authentic and meaningful relationships with high schools and increase studentsâ€™ interest in studying engineering. Participation more than doubled in the first six years the program was available and continues to increase. There is little in the education literature regarding engineering dual enrollment program so this paper seeks to provide a benchmark upon which other research can be measured. Student data was analyzed using an independent samples t-test to compare academic performance of high school students to university students. Analysis shows that students who took engineering courses in high school perform just as well as traditional students do in those courses. Students who took the first course in a two-course sequence in high school perform just as well on the second course as students who took the first course in college.
Eviction and Voter Turnout: The Political Consequences of Housing Instability:

In recent years, housing costs have outpaced incomes in the United States, resulting in millions of eviction filings each year. Yet no study has examined the link between eviction and voting. Drawi...
Stochastic Cost Inefficiency Estimates and Rankings of Public and Private Research and Doctoral Granting Universities

Stochastic frontier cost and inefficiency estimates are provided for research and doctoral granting universities in the years, 2005-2009, is used to estimate underlying cost structures. Inefficiency is modeled as depending on institutionally specific environmental factors. Results indicate that public universities are on average more efficient than their private counterparts. The latter exhibit greater variability and when evaluated at the median inefficiencies there does not appear to be any statistically significant difference. Time varying inefficiency estimates point to public sector efficiency gains but private sector increasing inefficiencies. Interestingly, results indicate that increases in faculty tenure lead to efficiency improvements. Inefficiency rankings place private ivies among the most inefficient universities whereas public flagships are distributed throughout their sector rankings.
Catullus and the Poetics of Roman Manhood

Preface 1. Catullan criticism and the problem of lyric 2. A postmodern Catullus? 3. Manhood and Lesbia in the shorter poems 4. Towards a Mediterranean poetics of aggression 5. Code models of Catullan manhood Works cited Passages discussed General index.
Glomeruloid Microvascular Proliferation Orchestrated by VPF/VEGF: A New World of Angiogenesis Research

One can hardly imagine a more comprehensive investigative assault than that occurring in the field of tumor angiogenesis. Scores of basic and clinical researchers in academics and industry are entrenched in a search for underlying mechanisms and a means for antagonizing the proliferation of new blood vessels in neoplastic diseases with the common goal of selectively inhibiting angiogenesis as an effective therapy for all sorts of cancer. To this end, angiogenesis is being approached from a variety of research angles: genetic, biochemical, molecular biological, transgenic and knockout mouse models, and large scale clinical trials involving anti-angiogenesis regimens in cancer patients. 1,2 In this period of heightened research activity, enthusiasm, and even media coverage, it seems inconceivable that a time existed when angiogenesis research either did not exist or was not fashionable. In fact, the concept of angiogenesis as a key regulator of neoplasia is relatively new, having emerged in the early 1970s. 3 Even after its conceptual birth, meaningful results in angiogenesis research were limited by the experimental model systems available for investigation. Years passed before researchers studying angiogenesis developed model systems that could adequately address their fundamental biological questions. Some have argued that appropriate models are still lacking. 1,4