cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antisera against endogenous opioids increase the nocifensive response to formalin: demonstration of inhibitory β-endorphinergic control

The roles of endogenous opioid peptides in the brain in the modulation of nocifensive responses to formalin in ICR mice were studied. Mice were pretreated intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) with rabbit antiserum against beta-endorphin, [Leu5]enkephalin, [Met5]enkephalin or dynorphin A-(1-17) 1 h prior to intraplantar injection of formalin (0.5%, 25 microl) and the nocifensive licking responses were then observed. Pretreatment of mice with antiserum against beta-endorphin enhanced the second phase, but not the first phase of the nocifensive responses to formalin. Pretreatment with antiserum against [Leu5]enkephalin also caused a small but statistically significant enhancement of the second phase, but not the first phase of nocifensive responses to formalin. On the other hand, pretreatment with antiserum against [Met5]enkephalin or dynorphin A-(1-17) did not affect the nocifensive response to formalin. Our results indicate that beta-endorphinergic, and to a lesser extent, [Leu5]enkephalinergic systems are activated at the supraspinal sites to attenuate the nocifensive responses to formalin stimulation.
Quality and equity of primary care with patient-centered medical homes: results from a national survey.

Background The patient-centered medical home model has gained support, but the impact of this model on the quality and equity of care merits further evaluation.
Succinate production from xylose-glucose mixtures using a consortium of engineered Escherichia coli

The conversion of variable sugar mixtures into biochemicals poses a challenge for a single microorganism. For example, succinate has not been effectively generated from mixtures of glucose and xylose. In this work, a consortium of two Escherichia coli strains converted xylose and glucose to succinate in a dual phase aerobic/anaerobic process. First, the optimal pathway from xylose or glucose to succinate was determined by expressing either heterologous pyruvate carboxylase or heterologous adenosine triphosphate-forming phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) carboxykinase. Expression of PEP carboxykinase (pck) resulted in higher yield (0.86 g/g) and specific productivity (155 mg/gh) for xylose conversion, while expression of pyruvate carboxylase (pyc) resulted in higher productivity (76 mg/gh) for glucose conversion. Then, processes using consortia of the two optimal xylose-selective and glucose-selective strains were designed for two different feed ratios of glucose/xylose. In each case the consortia generated over 40 g/L succinate efficiently with yields greater than 0.90 g succinate/g total sugar. This study demonstrates two advantages of microbial consortia for the conversion of sugar mixtures: each sugar-to-product pathway can be optimized independently, and the volumetric consumption rate for each sugar can be controlled independently, for example, by altering the biomass concentration of each consortium member strain.
Aorto-iliac thrombosis in a foal

A six-day-old Missouri foxtrotter colt was examined because it had had diarrhoea since it was 24 hours old. A diagnosis of colitis, septicaemia, and disruption of the arterial blood flow to the pelvic limbs was made on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. Despite intensive medical therapy, the foal died 13 hours after being examined. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse fibrinous enteritis with lymphoid necrosis, multifocal fibrinonecrotic typhlocolitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and a large occluding thrombus at the aortic termination. The results of bacteriological culturing supported the diagnosis of septicaemia leading to activation of the clotting cascade, disseminated intravascular coagulation, aorto-iliac thrombosis and infarction of the pelvic limbs.
Spin dynamics in the square-lattice antiferromagnet.

We apply the Schwinger boson mean-field theory to the square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet at low temperatures. For spin \textonehalf{} we confirm the renormalized classical behavior of the correlation length ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}(T)$ without appealing to spin-wave theory. We also present a detailed calculation of the dynamical structure factor. A quasielastic peak is featured near $\mathbf{q}=(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$, while for $|\mathbf{q}\ensuremath{-}(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})|\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\kappa}$, spin-wave ridges appear. The uniform susceptibility interpolates between spin-wave results at $T=0$ and the high-temperature series of Rushbrooke and Wood. Our theory is distinct from theories in which fermionic spinon excitations determine the low-temperature spin dynamics.
Are We Really on the Same Page? An Empirical Examination of Value Congruence Between Public Sector and Nonprofit Sector Managers

Much attention has recently been paid to comparative work in the public and private sectors looking at work values, motivations, and the impact of government reform movements in organizations. Several studies have compared the public and private sectors in the dimension of values; but none have questioned the popular assumption that nonprofit and public managers share the same or a similar set of values or the value expectations they have for each other. This paper reports on the results of an empirical survey of public and nonprofit managers that compares their individual democratic, ethical, and professional values. In brief, the results lend strong support to the assumption that nonprofit employees share the same value set as their public sector counterparts; but their value sets do have statistically significant differences in the perceived level of importance of altruism, generosity, and individualism.
Three-dimensional Management Model for Lake Washington, Part II: Eutrophication Modeling and Skill Assessment

Abstract The CE-QUAL-ICM 3-dimensional eutrophication model was applied to Lake Washington for the period 1995–1997. Transport processes were obtained from the companion CH3D-WES hydrodynamic model. The model activated 18 state variables in the water column, including physical variables; phytoplankton; multiple forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus; dissolved oxygen; and fecal coliform. The water column was coupled to a sediment diagenesis model that computed sediment-water fluxes of dissolved oxygen, methane, ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate, based on computed inputs of particulate organic matter. The model successfully computed the annual cycles and spatial distributions of key water quality components. Nutrient loads were calculated and nutrient budgets were constructed as part of the model exercise. Load sources included river inflows, distributed loads, sewer overflows and atmospheric loading. The Sammamish River was identified as the largest source of nutrients to Lake Washington, followed by th...
Experimental and theoretical studies of the acid-catalyzed conversion of furfuryl alcohol to levulinic acid in aqueous solution

The conversion of furfuryl alcohol (FAL) to levulinic acid over AmberlystTM 15 in aqueous media was investigated using a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measurements, isotopic labeling studies, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ab initio quantum chemical calculations using the G4MP2 method. The results of these combined studies showed that one of the major reaction pathways takes place via a geminal diol species (4,5,5-trihydroxypentan-2-one, denoted as intermediate A), formed by the addition of two water molecules to FAL, where two of the oxygen atoms from FAL are retained. This geminal diol species can also be produced from another intermediate found to be a dimer-like species, denoted as intermediate B. This dimer-like species is formed at the early stages of reaction, and it can also be converted to intermediate A, indicating that intermediate B is the product of the reaction of FAL with another early intermediate. Quantum chemical calculations suggested this to be a protonated acyclic species. Reaction of this early intermediate with water produces intermediate A, while reaction with FAL produces intermediate B.
Determining the influence of dietary roughage concentration and source on ruminal parameters related to sulfur toxicity

Cattle feedlot diets often include ethanol coproducts that provide excess dietary sulfate, which is reduced to sulfide by ruminal bacteria and can be converted to hydrogen sulfide, which has been correlated to S toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of feeding varying concentrations of NDF from chopped cornstalks (CS) or chopped bromegrass hay (BH) on ruminal pH, ruminal H2S concentration, and DMI of steers fed a high-S finishing diet. Five ruminally fistulated steers (595 ± 87 kg BW) were used in a 6 × 6 Latin square with 14-d periods and fed diets containing 0.45% S from a mixture of dried distillers grains and condensed corn distillers solubles. The study was a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 roughage sources--CS or BH--and 3 concentrations of added roughage NDF (rNDF)--4, 7, or 10%. Steers had individual ad libitum access to feed and adapted to each diet for the first 7 d of each period. Effective NDF linearly increased (P 0.50). In conclusion, adding at least 7% NDF from CS or BH to high-S feedlot cattle diets will increase ruminal pH and decrease H2S concentrations, thus decreasing potential for S toxicity.
Apparent dynamic contact angle of an advancing gas–liquid meniscus

The steady motion of an advancing meniscus in a gas‐filled capillary tube involves a delicate balance of capillary, viscous, and intermolecular forces. The limit of small capillary numbers Ca (dimensionless speeds) is analyzed here with a matched asymptotic analysis that links the outer capillary region to the precursor film in front of the meniscus through a lubricating film. The meniscus shape in the outer region is constructed and the apparent dynamic contact angle Θ that the meniscus forms with the solid surface is derived as a function of the capillary number, the capillary radius, and the Hamaker’s constant for intermolecular forces, under conditions of weak gas–solid interaction, which lead to fast spreading of the precursor film and weak intermolecular forces relative to viscous forces within the lubricating film. The dependence on intermolecular forces is very weak and the contact angle expression has a tight upper bound tan Θ=7.48 Ca1/3 for thick films, which is independent of the Hamaker constant. This upper bound is in very good agreement with existing experimental data for wetting fluids in any capillary and for partially wetting fluids in a prewetted capillary. Significant correction to the Ca1/3 dependence occurs only at very low Ca, where the intermolecular forces become more important and tan Θ diverges slightly from the above asymptotic behavior toward lower values.
The bottom‐up mission process in professional service organizations: a case study

The mission statement is recognized as a vital component to achieving long-term success for organizations. What is the appropriate process for developing the mission statement? The bottom-up mission process is described and advocated for the growing number of professional service organizations comprised of opinionated and highly trained individuals. A case study based on an educational organization is detailed and a flowchart is developed. Guidelines for a bottom-up mission process for professional service organizations are developed for those organizations attempting to create their own bottom-up mission.
Localization of Bose–Einstein Condensation by Disorder

Recent experiments suggest that Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in liquid4 can be localized when the liquid is confined in porous media. We demonstrate in a simple model of hard core bosons using Monte Carlo that the condensate can be separated into two parts. The two regions of condensate are separated by a region of uncondensed fluid that forms in response to a local attractive external potential. The aim is to illustrate that separated condensates, and therefore localized BEC, can be created in porous media.
"Because the Authority of My Superiors Commands": Censorship, Physics and the German Jesuits 1

The Society of Jesus established an extensive range of measures designed to ensure uniformity in natural philosophical questions. These culminated in the Ordinatio pro Studiis Superioribus of 1651. Such measures did have significant effects on the teaching and publishing of physics among the Jesuits in Germany; it was impossible for Jesuits to openly adhere to atomism, the Cartesian view of body or heliocentrism, for example. But many Jesuits did not agree with all the provisions governing censorship and attempted to mediate their implementation in several ways which this study identifies. The most important of these was the use of terms such as true, probable or false. Provided that Jesuit authors identified the orthodox opinions as true or most probable, they could discuss alternative views in great depth. The essay culminates in two case studies from Germany, one from the mid-seventeenth century, the other from the first half of the eighteenth century, which illustrate the interaction of censorship and physics in actual practice.
Selection of specific phage-display antibodies using libraries derived from chicken immunoglobulin genes

In chickens, single functional immunoglobulin variable and joining gene segments at each of the heavy and light chain loci undergo V(D)J rearrangement. Diversity is subsequently introduced by conversions templated by upstream pseudo V region genes in such a way that practically all V regions in mature B cells have identical ends. This greatly simplifies the representative amplification of V region genes. Furthermore, the entire naive repertoire of the adult chicken is produced in the bursa of Fabricius of the young bird. These special properties of the generation of immunoglobulin diversity in chickens have been exploited in the development of procedures to produce large libraries of diverse antibody combining sites derived from chicken Ig genes and expressed on filamentous bacteriophage. The utility of this library was assessed by selection of specifically binding phage using three solid phase-bound protein antigens, hen egg white lysozyme, bovine thyroglobulin and bovine serum albumin. The sequences of the V region genes thus isolated demonstrated that selection was specific and that the library contained useful diversity of binding sites. This library provides access to a repertoire whose diversity is based on a mechanism different from that underlying previously available libraries. The demonstrated feasibility of generating chicken phage antibodies may lead to the production of monoclonal reagents from immunised chickens, and the derivation of reagents for studying immunoglobulin mediated selection in avian B cell development.
Verification and validation of rule-based systems for Hubble space telescope ground support

As rulebase systems become more widely used in operational environments, the focus is on the problems and concerns of maintaining expert systems. In the conventional software model, the verification and validation of a system have two separate and distinct meanings. To validate a system means to demonstrate that the system does what is advertised. The verification process refers to investigating the actual code to identify inconsistencies and redundancies within the logic path. In current literature regarding maintaining rulebased systems, little distinction is made between these two terms. In fact, often the two terms are used interchangeably. Verification and validation of rulebased systems are discussed as separate but equally important aspects of the maintenance phase. Also described are some of the tools and methods that were developed at the Space Telescope Science Institute to aid in the maintenance of the rulebased system.
Evolutionary diversification, coevolution between populations and their antagonists, and the filling of niche space.

The population component of a species’ niche corresponds to the distribution of individuals across environments within a region. As evolutionary clades of species diversify, they presumably fill niche space, and, consequently, the rate of increase in species numbers slows. Total niche space and species numbers appear to be relatively stable over long periods, and so an increase in the species richness of one clade must be balanced by decrease in others. However, in several analyses, the total population niche space occupied per clade is independent of the number of species, suggesting that species in more diverse clades overlap more in niche space. This overlap appears to be accommodated by variation in the populations of each species, including their absence, within suitable niche space. I suggest that the uneven filling of niche space results from localized outcomes of the dynamic coevolutionary interactions of populations with their pathogens or other antagonists. Furthermore, I speculate that relationships with pathogens might constrain diversification if pathogen diversity increased with host diversity and resulted in more frequent host switching and emergent disease. Many indirect observations are consistent with these scenarios. However, the postulated influence of pathogens on the filling of niche space and diversification of clades primarily highlights our lack of knowledge concerning the space and time dimensions of coevolutionary interactions and their influence on population distribution and species diversification.
On Damping Entire Bladed Disks Through Dampers on Only a Few Blades

The focus of this paper is on demonstrating the potential to damp entire bladed disks using dampers on only a fraction of the blades. This problem is first considered without the presence of random mistuning and it is demonstrated that a few dampers at optimized locations can lead to a significant reduction in the forced response of the entire bladed disk. Unfortunately, this optimum design may not be robust with respect to random mistuning and a notable fraction of the reduction in forced response obtained may disappear because of mistuning. To regain the reduction in forced response but with mistuning present, robustness to mistuning is enhanced by using intentional mistuning in addition to dampers. The intentional mistuning strategy selected here is the A/B pattern mistuning in which the blades all belong to either type A or B. An optimization effort is then performed to obtain the best combination of A/B pattern and damper location to minimize the mistuned forced response of the disk. The addition of intentional mistuning in the system is shown to be very efficient and the optimum bladed disk design does indeed exhibit a significant reduction of mistuned forced response as compared to the tuned system. These findings were obtained on both single-degree-of-freedom per blade disk models and a reduced order model of a blisk.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The Heart Is an Early Target of Anthrax Lethal Toxin in Mice: A Protective Role for Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS)

Anthrax lethal toxin (LT) induces vascular insufficiency in experimental animals through unknown mechanisms. In this study, we show that neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) deficiency in mice causes strikingly increased sensitivity to LT, while deficiencies in the two other NOS enzymes (iNOS and eNOS) have no effect on LT-mediated mortality. The increased sensitivity of nNOS−/− mice was independent of macrophage sensitivity to toxin, or cytokine responses, and could be replicated in nNOS-sufficient wild-type (WT) mice through pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme with 7-nitroindazole. Histopathological analyses showed that LT induced architectural changes in heart morphology of nNOS−/− mice, with rapid appearance of novel inter-fiber spaces but no associated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. LT-treated WT mice had no histopathology observed at the light microscopy level. Electron microscopic analyses of LT-treated mice, however, revealed striking pathological changes in the hearts of both nNOS−/− and WT mice, varying only in severity and timing. Endothelial/capillary necrosis and degeneration, inter-myocyte edema, myofilament and mitochondrial degeneration, and altered sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae were observed in both LT-treated WT and nNOS−/− mice. Furthermore, multiple biomarkers of cardiac injury (myoglobin, cardiac troponin-I, and heart fatty acid binding protein) were elevated in LT-treated mice very rapidly (by 6 h after LT injection) and reached concentrations rarely reported in mice. Cardiac protective nitrite therapy and allopurinol therapy did not have beneficial effects in LT-treated mice. Surprisingly, the potent nitric oxide scavenger, carboxy-PTIO, showed some protective effect against LT. Echocardiography on LT-treated mice indicated an average reduction in ejection fraction following LT treatment in both nNOS−/− and WT mice, indicative of decreased contractile function in the heart. We report the heart as an early target of LT in mice and discuss a protective role for nNOS against LT-mediated cardiac damage.
Microprocessor realizations of range and range-rate filters in radar systems

This paper describes the implementation of digital radar range-rate filters on a microprocessor-based system. A range-rate filter processes a digitized noisy range signal to recover smoothed range data and its derivative, range rate. Two filter designs are implemented. Considerations aiding their efficient operation on an 8-bit microprocessor are discussed. The filters are subjected to a noisy range input signal of known variance, and the associated output signals are statistically analysed to determine noise-rejection characteristics. These results are compared to analytical predictions.
U1 snRNP Determines mRNA Length and Regulates Isoform Expression

U1 snRNP (U1), in addition to its splicing role, protects pre-mRNAs from drastic premature termination by cleavage and polyadenylation (PCPA) at cryptic polyadenylation signals (PASs) in introns. Here, a high-throughput sequencing strategy of differentially expressed transcripts (HIDE-seq) mapped PCPA sites genome wide in divergent organisms. Surprisingly, whereas U1 depletion terminated most nascent gene transcripts within ~1 kb, moderate functional U1 level decreases, insufficient to inhibit splicing, dose-dependently shifted PCPA downstream and elicited mRNA 3' UTR shortening and proximal 3' exon switching characteristic of activated immune and neuronal cells, stem cells, and cancer. Activated neurons' signature mRNA shortening could be recapitulated by U1 decrease and antagonized by U1 overexpression. Importantly, we show that rapid and transient transcriptional upregulation inherent to neuronal activation physiology creates U1 shortage relative to pre-mRNAs. Additional experiments suggest cotranscriptional PCPA counteracted by U1 association with nascent transcripts, a process we term telescripting, ensuring transcriptome integrity and regulating mRNA length.
A pilot study of the effects of cannabis on appetite hormones in HIV-infected adult men

Rationale The endocannabinoid system is under active investigation as a pharmacological target for obesity management due to its role in appetite regulation and metabolism. Exogenous cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) stimulate appetite and food intake. However, there are no controlled observations directly linking THC to changes of most of the appetite hormones.
Evaluation of neuroinflammation in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

We present findings of 11C-[R]-PK11195 positron emission tomography in a child with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. 11C-[R]-PK11195 is a radioligand with a high and specific affinity for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, expressed by activated microglia in cases of neuroinflammation, and therefore it is applicable to the in vivo detection of neuroinflammation with positron emission tomography. 11C-[R]-PK11195 positron emission tomography demonstrated increased tracer binding in the occipital, parietal, and posterior temporal white matter, in the genu of the corpus callosum, the bilateral posterior thalami, most of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, the bilateral cerebral peduncles, and the brainstem, indicating underlying neuroinflammation. The rest of the brain, including the cerebral cortices and cerebellum, exhibited minimal 11C-[R]-PK11195 binding. Our findings indicate significant neuroinflammation associated with white matter destruction in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy, which can be visualized in vivo with an 11C-[R]-PK11195 positron emission tomography scan. 11C-[R]-PK11195 positron emission tomography may also help evaluate the inflammatory burden and follow-up of the disease evolution. This technique may be particularly useful for evaluating treatment response, which is not easy with other imaging modalities, after white matter is significantly and extensively damaged.
Quantifying the indirect treatment effect via surrogate markers

As to the proportion of treatment effect (PTE) explained by surrogate markers, existing research has been focused on how to decompose the treatment effect into two parts: the treatment effect via surrogate markers and the treatment effect not explained by surrogate markers. Most proposed methods quantify the PTE explained by a single surrogate marker, or quantify the PTE explained by multiple surrogate markers without considering the cause-effect relationship among surrogate markers. The change of one marker may sometimes be due to changes in other markers. In this case, quantifying the association between multiple treatment effects via surrogates may also be important. In this paper, a method to quantify the possible causal relationship between surrogate markers is proposed. The new method can also be related to path analysis, a widely used analysis in sociology. Therefore, the proposed method can be viewed as a generalization of path analysis to generalized linear models and Cox regression models.
Securing the Home Front: The Pursuit of “Natural Living” Among Evangelical Christian Homemakers

The pursuit of natural living is a project undertaken by a growing number of mostly US white middle class women who embrace homemaking as a transformative practice to secure the home against the increasingly destabilizing effects of economic crisis and endless war. The erosion of the welfare state intensifies the responsibility that falls on women to assume the burden of ensuring the well-being of their families. Women engage in practices of self-discipline and self-transformation in the management of domestic space to protect their family members from the deregulation of food safety and environmental protections. Purging the home of industrial food and household chemicals, learning DIY skills of food production and processing, and learning how to source food directly from small farmers all become part of a joyful process of producing the home as a sovereign space. However, postfeminist configurations that see women as embracing this domestic role as a form of agency must be seen in a complex relationship with neoliberal logics that intensify the need for making the home a stable bulwark in a time of financial instability, job insecurity, and the contraction of the political. The rhetorical and material practices of women who identify as Christian homemakers illuminate the forces reconfiguring domestic space as a place for political agency in the United States post-9/11. Homemaking is becoming revalorized in movements for sustainable living in the United States and elsewhere in the Global North. The process of “making the home,” has become a practice both transformative and intensely social among a growing number of predominantly white middle-class women, some of whom write blogs to document their learning and to share new skills. This quest is variously articulated as a pursuit for natural living, living sustainably, reclaiming nourishing traditions, or a return to real food. Efforts to de-link the home from industrial food figure centrally in this endeavor. Self-provisioning (growing your own) or sourcing food from local farmers are
SiGe BiCMOS 12-bit 8-channel low power Wilkinson ADC

A multichannel low power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) designed, fabricated and tested in 0.5-mum Silicon Germanium BiCMOS process is reported. The 12-bit ADC features 8 input channels, each having a 10-Ksps sampling rate and an input voltage range of 1.2 V. The ADC architecture, comprised of a ramp generator, comparators, and a Gray code counter, is discussed along with design details of the primary blocks. Measurement data shows a differential nonlinearity of less than 0.5 LSB and an approximate accuracy of 10 bits.
Preserving Selves: Identity Work and Dementia

This participant-observation study examines communication and the construction of identities as they contribute to or impede the preservation of self in an Alzheimer's special care unit (SCU). A so...
Recurrent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleural effusions caused by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt: A case with a successful treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy

1. IntroductionVentriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is one of the treat-ment options for patients with hydrocephalus and is usuallywell-tolerated procedure with low complication rates. However, ifthe patient presents with recurrent pleural effusion, cerebrospinalﬂuid (CSF) pleural effusion should be considered as a differentialdiagnosis. We report the case of a 61 year-old woman who devel-oped CSF pleural effusion associated with VP shunt revision. Herpleural effusion completely resolved after the endoscopic thirdventriculostomy (ETV) with removal of VP shunt.2.
Did Cynewulf use a martyrology? Reconsidering the sources of The Fates of the Apostles

In The Fates of the Apostles Cynewulf shows only limited interest in the details of his heroes' lives and passions. He devotes more of his poem to meditation on the meaning of those events than to the actions themselves. Even so, for the last hundred years, scholars have sought to identify the source or sources of the hagiographical information the author incorporated into his text. Cynewulf speaks of having gathered his information from far and wide (lines 1–2), but most investigators have dismissed this statement as a conventional tag, and they have tried to identify the minimum number of sources needed to provide the details that Cynewulf relates. Efforts to locate a single source have always been in vain, but early investigators generally agreed that the most important source was probably the martyrology of the Venerable Bede or a related document. Not only did this text include nearly all of the information that Cynewulf chose to convey, but its attribution to Bede seemed to assure that it would have been available to an early-ninth-century poet. In 1908, however, this consensus was shaken by the publication of Henri Quentin's path-breaking investigation of the medieval martyrological tradition. Surprisingly, although nine decades have passed since this work appeared, its full implications have yet to be integrated into Cynewulf scholarship. Now a revival of the view that Cynewulf employed a martyrology makes the assimilation of Quentin's conclusions along with the results of more recent martyrological studies imperative.
Word Frequencies in Toddlers’ Lexicons

Word frequencies in toddlers’ lexicons were examined in two studies using the Language Development Survey (LDS), a vocabulary checklist completed by parents (Rescorla, 1989). In Study 1, a high deg...
Overcoming Heterosexual Anxiety before Gay Theology

Hence anxiety is the dizziness of freedom, which emerges when the spirit wants to posit the synthesis and freedom looks down into its own possibility laying hold of finiteness to support itself. Freedom succumbs in this dizziness. (Kierkegaard 1980: 61)
Retinoic Acid Receptor-β2 Promoter Methylation in Random Periareolar Fine Needle Aspiration

Methylation of the retinoic acid receptor-beta2 (RARbeta2) P2 promoter is hypothesized to be an important mechanism for loss of RARbeta2 function during early mammary carcinogenesis. The frequency of RARbeta2 P2 methylation was tested in (a) 16 early stage breast cancers and (b) 67 random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) samples obtained from 38 asymptomatic women who were at increased risk for breast cancer. Risk was defined as either (a) 5-year Gail risk calculation > or = 1.7%; (b) prior biopsy exhibiting atypical hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, or ductal carcinoma in situ; or (c) known BRCA1/2 mutation carrier. RARbeta2 P2 promoter methylation was assessed at two regions, M3 (-51 to 162 bp) and M4 (104-251 bp). In early stage cancers, M4 methylation was observed in 11 of 16 (69%) cases; in RPFNA samples, methylation was present at M3 and M4 in 28 of 56 (50%) and 19 of 56 (38%) cases, respectively. RPFNAs were stratified for cytologic atypia using the Masood cytology index. The distribution of RARbeta2 P2 promoter methylation was reported as a function of increased cytologic abnormality. Methylation at both M3 and M4 was observed in (a) 0 of 10 (0%) of RPFNAs with Masood scores of < or = 10 (nonproliferative), (b) 3 of 20 (15%) with Masood scores of 11 to 12 (low-grade proliferative), (c) 3 of 10 (30%) with Masood scores of 13 (high-grade proliferative), and (d) 7 of 14 (50%) with Masood scores of 14 of 15 (atypia). Results from this study indicate that the RARbeta2 P2 promoter is frequently methylated (69%) in primary breast cancers and shows a positive association with increasing cytologic abnormality in RPFNA.
Soft-limiter RAKE receivers for coded DS/DPSK systems over pulse jammed multipath-fading channels

Two soft-limiter RAKE receivers are evaluated for coded direct-sequence/differential phase shift keying (DS/DPSK) signaling over a pulse jammed multipath-fading channel that use a combination of antenna and multipath diversity. One uses predetection selective (antenna) combining followed by postdetection equal gain (multipath) combining, and the other uses postdetection equal gain combining only. In either case, the postdetection diversity combiner output is soft-limited prior to decoding. It is shown that for increasing levels of diversity the soft-limiter becomes quite effective, resulting in a receiver performance that approaches a maximum likelihood (ML) soft decision receiver with perfect jammer state information.
Ileocolonic transit does not change after right hemicolectomy

The role of the human ileocolonic junction in the transit of solid contents through the entire gut was evaluated. Eight patients, well compensated after right hemicolectomy for localized colon cancer, and eight age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Scintigraphic transit was quantified after subjects ingested a mixed meal containing 111In-labeled Amberlite beads (average diameter, 1 mm; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). Gastric emptying was initially faster in the postoperative group, but overall emptying was not different from controls; small bowel transit also did not differ between the groups. In patients in whom the distal ileum, ileocolonic sphincter, and proximal colon were absent, isotopes moved from small to large bowel in a manner that was qualitatively and quantitatively no different from that of controls. Major episodes of coloileal reflux could not be identified in either group. After hemicolectomy, the residual transverse colon, and to a lesser degree the descending colon, were able to store solid residue, although in lesser amounts than the unoperated large bowel. The ileocolonic sphincter in humans appears to play only a minor role, at most, in ileocolonic transit, and the colon remaining after right hemicolectomy stores residue so that bowel habits are not greatly disturbed.
Data collection and normalization for building the Scenario-Based Lexical Knowledge Resource of a text-to-scene conversion system

WordsEye is a system for converting from English text into three-dimensional graphical scenes that represent that text. It works by performing syntactic and semantic analyses on the input text, producing a description of the arrangement of objects in a scene. At the core of WordsEye is the Scenario-Based Lexical Knowledge Resource (SBLR), a unified knowledge base and representational system for expressing lexical and real-world knowledge needed to depict scenes from text. This paper explores information collection methods for building the SBLR, using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (AMT) and manual normalization of raw AMT data. The paper follows with manual review of existing relations in the SBLR and classification of the AMT data into existing and new semantic relations. Since manual annotation is a time-consuming and expensive approach, we also explored the use of automatic normalization of AMT data through log-odds and log-likelihood ratios extracted from the English Gigaword corpus, as well as through WordNet similarity measures.
Time-resolved output spectrum from a hydrogen fluoride laser using mixtures of SF 6 and HI

The time-resolved spectrum from a transverse-discharge hydrogen fluoride (HF) laser using a mixture of SF 6 and HI is reported. Because this spectrum matches that from a high-pressure H 2 - F 2 laser, and because the SF 2 -HI mixture is chemically stable, this laser should be a suitable and convenient source for probing H 2 - F 2 amplifiers.
Inference of Protein Function from Protein Structure

Summary Structural genomics has brought us three-dimensional structures of proteins with unknown functions. To shed light on such structures, we have developed ProKnow (http://www.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/Services/ProKnow/), which annotates proteins with Gene Ontology functional terms. The method extracts features from the protein such as 3D fold, sequence, motif, and functional linkages and relates them to function via the ProKnow knowledgebase of features, which links features to annotated functions via annotation profiles. Bayes' theorem is used to compute weights of the functions assigned, using likelihoods based on the extracted features. The description level of the assigned function is quantified by the ontology depth (from 1=general to 9=specific). Jackknife tests show ∼89% correct assignments at ontology depth 1 and 40% at depth 9, with 93% coverage of 1507 distinct folded proteins. Overall, about 70% of the assignments were inferred correctly. This level of performance suggests that ProKnow is a useful resource in functional assessments of novel proteins.
Comment on the Canadian Competition Bureau's Draft Updated Intellectual Property Enforcement Guidelines

This comment is submitted in response to the Canadian Competition Bureau’s (the Bureau’s) draft stage 2 update of its Intellectual Property Enforcement Guidelines (Draft Updated Guidelines). This comment addresses five issues in the Draft Updated Guidelines: (1) product switching in the context of pharmaceutical patents; (2) settlement of patent infringement litigation between competitors, commonly referred to as “reverse-payment settlements”; (3) deceptive failure to disclose patents essential to a standard, commonly referred to as “patent ambush”; (4) reneging on a commitment to license a standard-essential patent (SEP) on fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory (FRAND) terms; and (5) seeking injunctive relief against infringement of a FRAND-encumbered SEP.
Generators and normal forms of Richard Thompson's group F and the four-color theorem

We use a result of Kauffman to explore the connection between Richard Thompson's Group F and the four-color theorem.
Looking at the End from the Beginning: Studying Eschatological Concepts in the Pentateuch

Eschatology, the study of last things, has been mostly studied from two distinct viewpoints: either by doing a systematic study of the questionNas can be seen in systematic theologies of all colors, which predominantly focus upon NT textsNor by concentrating upon specific books relevant to eschatological teachingsNpredominantly the apocalyptic literature of the OT (including the book of Daniel) and the NT (as found in the book of Revelation).
Velocity measurements across fluid-porous medium interface using particle image velocimetry

AbstractAn experimental investigation is performed to directly measure the velocity field across the fluid-porous medium interface using the method of particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a refractive-index matched system. The test section consists of a rectangular channel bounded on one side by a cavity filled with spherical particles arranged in cubic formation. Velocity measurement at the pore level of the porous cavity is made possible by matching the refractive index of the fluid with those of the channel and the spherical particles. In the PIV approach, digital images of the flow field were obtained in successive frames, which, upon processing to detect particles’ locations and application of tracking algorithms, yielded the instantaneous velocity across the interface.
Up in the Air with a Burkean Clown: The Comic Frame of Acceptance in Uncertain Economic Times

This analysis of Up in the Air illustrates that contracting the focus of Burke’s comic frame from the social to the individual has the potential to limit social change. We argue that focusing on the failings of individuals rather than the problems of the larger culture facilitates the acceptance of the prevailing social order. To explore our contention, we examine Burke’s concept of a comic frame and the role of the clown. We analyze how the film’s main character enacts the role of a “clown” across the three acts of the film, then conclude with observations concerning the film’s message about economic uncertainty and the implications of our analysis for the rhetorical and critical use of the comic frame and the figure of the clown.
Left Atrial Volume and Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation after Aortic Valve Replacement.

Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after valve surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Risk factors identified in the past to predict POAF are of moderate accuracy. We performed a retrospective analysis of 139 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Post-operative AF occurred in 44% of the patients. In multivariate analysis only left atrial volume (LAV) index was a predictor of POAF. A LAV index of >46 cc/m2 predicted POAF with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 77%. We propose that LAV index can be used preoperatively to identify patients at risk for POAF to target preventive interventions. Background: Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common after valve surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Many of the previously identified predictors of POAF are of moderate accuracy. Left atrial volume (LAV) index has been proposed in the past as a predictor of POAF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. In patients with aortic stenosis (AS), increased LAV is a marker of severity of stenosis. Hypothesis: Left atrial volume index is a very good predictor of POAF in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for AS. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 139 consecutive patients with no previous atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing AVR for AS in our center. Results: Post-operative AF occurred in 44% of patients. Patients with POAF had a longer hospital stay compared to patients without (12 vs 8 days; p 46ml/m2 predicted POAF with a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 77% respectively. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the incidence of POAF with increasing quartiles of LAV index, supporting causality. Conclusion: Left atrial volume index is an excellent predictor of POAF in patients undergoing AVR for AS. It can be used for selecting patients who are at a high risk for developing POAF to target preventive interventions.
K-40 (n,gamma) K-41 Reaction and the Level Structure of K-41

The low-lying level structure of $^{41}\mathrm{K}$ has been studied using the thermal-neutron capture reaction $^{40}\mathrm{K}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{41}\mathrm{K}$ on an isotopically separated target of $^{40}\mathrm{K}$. The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum from this reaction has been studied in the energy range from 0.1 to 10.1 MeV using a Li-drifted Ge spectrometer system. $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence measurements using Ge(Li) detectors have also been made. Spin and parity assignments for the excited states below 2450 keV are proposed, primarily on the basis of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray branching to levels with established spin and parity values. The proposed level energy [keV (${I}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$)] values are $0({\frac{3}{2}}^{+})$, $980.4({\frac{1}{2}}^{+})$, $1293.4({\frac{7}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$, $1559.9({\frac{1}{2}}^{+})$, $1582.0({\frac{5}{2}}^{+})$, $1677.5({\frac{5}{2}}^{+},{\frac{7}{2}}^{+})$, $1698.1({\frac{5}{2}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}},{\frac{7}{2}}^{+})$, $2144.1({\frac{5}{2}}^{+})$, $2166.0({\frac{1}{2}}^{+},{\frac{3}{2}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})$, $2316.5({\frac{5}{2}}^{+},{\frac{7}{2}}^{+})$, $2447.9({\frac{1}{2}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}},{\frac{3}{2}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})$. Additional levels have been observed at 2494.7, 2507.9, 2527.9, 2599.8, 2681.5, 2712.2, 2756.5, 2760.7, 3042.1, 3142.1, 3164.5, 3213.4, 3235.6, and 3281.1 keV. These low-lying excited states of $^{41}\mathrm{K}$ are discussed in terms of two-particle, one-hole configurations of the form $p{({d}_{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}n{({f}_{\frac{7}{2}})}^{2}$.
Limitations of using the linearized equations of motion for MAV control

The development of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) in recent years has been hindered by the lack of an available aerodynamic model which correctly predicts the flight dynamics of the aircraft. This can be attributed to the fundamentally different flow regime experienced by MAVs in which flow phenomena such as tip vortices and the leading edge vortex propagate over a high percentage of the lifting surface. The conventional derivation of the linearized equations of motion does not take these effects into account and, thus, does not provide an accurate method of evaluating vehicle dynamics and control. This investigation demonstrates some of the shortcomings of the traditional method such as the significant deviation between theoretical values for stability derivatives and the actual experimental results; for example, the derivative Cl is examined and shown to vary in both magnitude and sign. Surface tuft visualization is conducted to describe the MAV flow regime using canonical flat plate models. In addition, the necessity for a revised derivation of the equations of motion based on the MAV flow regime is discussed. Finally, a new style of control surface is proposed for MAVs which utilizes the associated flow regime and demonstrates an order of magnitude increase in control authority over conventional ailerons.
Single Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy without Nanogaps

We provide conclusive proof of single molecule (SM) detection by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for discrete Ag triangular nanopyramids prepared via nanosphere lithography (NSL). While the observation of SMSERS has been well-demonstrated using various chemically synthesized nanoparticle substrates, they have a high degree of polydispersity in shape, size, and aggregation state resulting in an interest to develop more reproducible and uniform nanoparticles. Here triangular-based nanopyramids were characterized by scanning electron microscopy to confirm their geometry and interparticle spacing. Then the isotopologue approach with Rhodamine 6G was used to conclusively prove SM sensitivity for the individual nanoparticles. NSL’s straightforward, simple fabrication procedure produces large active arrays. Furthermore, the tunable localized surface plasmon resonance makes NSL prepared substrates effective for the detection of resonant molecules by SMSERS.