cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stimulus-Specific Visual Working Memory Representations in Human Cerebellar Lobule VIIb/VIIIa.

fMRI research has revealed that cerebellar lobule VIIb/VIIIa exhibits load-dependent activity that increases with the number of items held in visual working memory (VWM). However, it remains unclear whether these cerebellar responses reflect processes specific to VWM or more general visual attentional mechanisms. To investigate this question, we examined whether cerebellar activity during the delay period of a VWM task is selective for stimuli held in working memory. A sample of male and female human subjects performed a VWM continuous report task in which they were retroactively cued to remember the direction of motion of moving dot stimuli. Cerebellar lobule VIIb/VIIIa delay-period activation accurately decoded the direction of the remembered stimulus, as did frontal and parietal regions of the dorsal attention network. Arguing against a motor explanation, no other cerebellar area exhibited stimulus specificity, including the oculomotor vermis, a key area associated with eye movement control. Finer-scale analysis revealed that the medial portion of lobule VIIb and to a lesser degree the lateral most portion of lobules VIIb and VIIIa, which exhibit robust resting state connectivity with frontal and parietal regions of the dorsal attention network, encoded the identity of the remembered stimulus, while intermediate portions of lobule VIIb/VIIIa did not. These findings of stimulus-specific coding of VWM within lobule VIIb/VIIIa indicate for the first time that the distributed network responsible for the encoding and maintenance of mnemonic representations extends to the cerebellum. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is considerable debate concerning where in the brain the contents of visual working memory (VWM) are stored. To date, this literature has primarily focused on the role of regions located within cerebral cortex. There is growing evidence for cerebellar involvement in higher-order cognitive functions including working memory. While the cerebellum has been previously shown to be recruited by VWM paradigms, it is unclear whether any portion of cerebellum actively encodes and maintains mnemonic representations. The present study demonstrates that cerebellar lobule VIIb/VIIIa activity patterns are selective for remembered stimuli and that this selectivity persists in the absence of perceptual input. These findings provide novel evidence for the participation of cerebellar structures in the persistent storage of visual information.
What Women Need: a Study of Institutional Factors and Women Faculty's Intent to Remain in Academic Medicine.

A longstanding gender gap exists in the retention of women in academic medicine. Several strategies have been suggested to promote the retention of women, but there are limited data on impacts of interventions. To identify what institutional factors, if any, impact women faculty’s intent to remain in academic medicine, either at their institutions or elsewhere. A survey was designed to evaluate institutional retention-linked factors, programs and interventions, their impact, and women’s intent to remain at their institutions and within academic medicine. Survey data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics and regression analyses. Women with faculty appointments within departments of medicine recruited from national organizations and specific social media groups. Institutional factors that may be associated with women’s decision to remain at their current institutions or within academic medicine. Of 410 surveys of women at institutions across the USA, fair and transparent family leave policies and opportunities for work-life integration showed strong associations with intent to remain at one’s institution (leave policies: OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.20–4.18, p = 0.01; work-life: OR 4.82, 95% CI 2.50–9.64, p < 0.001) and within academic medicine (leave policies: OR 2.31, 95% CI 1.09–5.03, p = 0.03; work-life: OR 4.66, 95% CI 2.04–11.36, p < 0.001). Other institutional factors associated with intent to remain in academics include peer mentorship (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.56–6.57, p < 0.01) and women role models (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.04–4.68, p = 0.04). Institutions helping employees recognize bias, fair compensation and provision of resources, satisfaction with mentorship, peer mentorship, and women role models within the institutions were associated with intent to remain at an institution. Our findings suggest that institutional factors such as support for work-life integration, fair and transparent policies, and meaningful mentorship opportunities appear impactful in the retention of women in academic medicine.
Pushing through the skin to break the bones: Israel's performance of extraterritorial expansion into West Bank, Palestine

This paper argues the built structure of Israeli military occupation in the West Bank is only part of the mechanism that serves to define territorial boundaries and restrict Palestinian movement. A...
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in Neonates (MIS-N) Following Maternal SARS CoV-2 COVID-19 Infection.

Children present with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), a post-infectious syndrome presenting a few weeks following an acute SARS CoV-2 infection. A few case reports of neonates presenting with a similar syndrome following maternal infection have been reported. This article summarizes the current literature and outlines the controversies surrounding the diagnosis and management of MIS-C in neonates (MIS-N).
Adverse Childhood Experiences, the Medical Home, and Child Well-Being

To examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACE), access to a medical home and a global measure of well-being among children ages 6–17 using the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Multivariate linear regressions assessed the associations between each adverse experience and an index of child well-being with and without the impact of other events. The number of ACE was summed for each respondent and the analyses were repeated with the cumulative score as a continuous variable. The cumulative model was repeated with the addition of an interaction term between ACE score and medical home access. All analyses were conducted separately for children ages 6–11 and adolescents 12–17. Over half (53 %) of US children ages 6–17 have experienced some adverse experience during childhood. Over a quarter (28 %) has experienced at least two adverse experiences, while 15 % have experienced three or more hardships. Results suggest that the accumulation of ACE reduces well-being in children. The associations remained significant after controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, age, parental education, special health condition, and medical home access. Medical home access was consistently associated with higher levels of child well-being and was a significant moderator of the relationship between the total ACE and child well-being among children ages 6–11. Children with ACE exposure and access to a medical home have higher levels of well-being than comparable children without access to a medical home. Children exposed to adverse experiences have measurably lower levels of well-being, although younger children with access to a medical home are protected at increasing exposure.
Antisemitism in the Academic Voice: Confronting Bigotry under the First Amendment

The romanticized vision of life in the Ivory Tower - a peaceful haven where learned professors ponder higher thoughts and where students roam orderly quadrangles in quest of truth and other pleasures - has long been relegated to yesteryear. While universities like to nurture the perception that they are protectors of reasoned discourse, and indeed often perceive themselves as sacrosanct places of culture in a chaotic world, the modern campus, of course, is not quite so wonderful.This chapter examines the relationship between antisemitic and anti-Zionist speech and conduct, how they both play out on contemporary university campuses - and suggests ways by which such rhetoric and conduct can be Constitutionally confronted.
Diffusion-migration impedances for finite, one-dimensional transport in thin layer and membrane cells: An analysis of derived electrical quantities and equivalent circuits

This paper presents analytical solutions for diffusion-migration impedances of four systems that can serve as a basis for analysis of redox membrane-coated electrode and electrolyte-bathed membrane cells. Two extreme cases have classical analogues: symmetric cells with constant numbers of carriers, such as Ag|AgNO3|Ag with and without excess supporting electrolyte, and asymmetric cells with variable numbers of carriers, such as Na(Hg)|NaCl|Pt,Cl2 with and without excess supporting electrolyte. Transmission line equivalent circuits are derived and analyzed. Time constants for impedances and responses under voltage steps are compared.
Programmed cell death is not mediated by a p53 homolog in Pisum sativum.

Abstract DNA damage in animal cells results in the accumulation of p53, a protein that mediates cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death (PCD) by transcriptionally activating a number of genes whose products are involved in those processes. DNA-damaging agents induce some of the same responses in pea tissue as those observed in non-host disease resistance, possibly implicating DNA damage in plant defense signalling. A p53-like protein and RNA were previously reported in maize, suggesting there may be an analogous mechanism for signalling pathogen-induced cell death. TUNEL analyses indicated that DNA strand-breakage, consistent with the initiation of PCD, occurs in pea pods following inoculation with two different fungal pathogens. Utilizing the same monoclonal antibody previously reported to detect a p53-like protein in maize, a ⩾100 kDa protein was detected in various pea tissue extracts by immunoblot analyses. However, unlike animal p53, the pea protein was constitutively expressed and did not accumulate following the application of DNA-damaging agents. A heterologous p53 probe hybridized with total pea RNA but it did not hybridize with oligo-dT-purified pea RNA. In Southern analyses with the same probe, identical restriction patterns of several plants suggested that hybridization occurred with some non-p53 homologous, highly prevalent DNA. PCR products could not be generated using pea cDNA and degenerate primers derived from certain conserved sequences of animal p53. Finally, BLAST searches of the current Arabidopsis thaliana database did not reveal a likely p53 homolog. Taken together, these results suggest there is not a strict homolog of animal p53 expressed in plants.
Bound Fast and Brought Under the Yoke: John Adams and the Regulation of Privacy at the Founding

The announcement of the United States Supreme Court in 1965 that a right to privacy existed, and that it predated the Bill of Rights, launched a historical and legal quest to sound the origins and extent of the right that has continued to the present day. Legal scholars have produced countless books and articles examining the history and scope of the right to privacy. Many historians, however, have steered clear of the debate, concentrating instead on the emergence of a modern, nineteenth-century worldview based on differentiated private and public spheres. Despite disagreements about the extent to which privacy was a value - much less a right - in early America, few scholars have focused on eighteenth-century notions of privacy. This is an unfortunate trend, for it ignores the many early Americans who thought and wrote extensively about the interaction between private activity and public life in the revolutionary and early republican periods. The writings of John Adams demonstrate that at least one member of the founding generation devoted substantial consideration to the problem of privacy. Adams's writings suggest that privacy was not always among the chief goals of the American republic. On the contrary, Adams displayed a marked suspicion of privacy and the private life. Adams argued that the private passions (e.g., for reputation and luxury) had to be subdued and controlled by the institutions of government in order for the Republic to function. Adams thus despaired of the private sphere as a source, by itself, of republican virtue and order. This article traces some of the major themes of Adams's writings on privacy, discussing the impact of his Puritan background on his thought and then moving to the broader issues that most interested him: virtue, passion, and decay, and their consequences for public life.
An analysis of 6,891 hysterectomies for benign pelvic disease; with special reference to the safety of routine total abdominal hysterectomy.

Abstract 1. 1. For many years hysterectomy has been the safest of all major abdominal procedures and has been extraordinarily successful from the point of view of end results. 2. 2. For these reasons the indications for the operation have generally been extended, and it is now regarded as the preferable procedure whenever pelvic surgery is required in women in whom childbearing is no longer possible or in whom it would be impossible after the necessary pelvic surgery had been performed. 3. 3. This point of view has for many years been accepted in the Department of Gynecology of the Tulane University School of Medicine, which also, since 1950, has followed the policy of performing total hysterectomy routinely when the abdominal operation is indicated. This rule has not been violated since 1951. As the subtotal operation decreased in popularity, even before this policy went into effect, the vaginal technique was employed more frequently, particularly in Negro women. 4. 4. The policy of routine abdominal hysterectomy is justified by the end results, which include the elimination of symptoms referable to the retained cervix and the elimination of the possible development of cancer of the cervical stump. The policy is also completely justified by the safety of routine total abdominal hysterectomy. 5. 5. The good results achieved by this policy are attributable to a variety of factors. Chief among them are the practice of medical consultation in all cases of associated organic disease and the careful supervision of residents in training, who do the bulk of all gynecologic surgery. 6. 6. This contribution is based upon an analysis of the 6,280 hysterectomies performed on the Tulane Gynecological Unit of Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans between 1939 and 1954, inclusive, and in particular upon the 1,246 operations performed in the 1952–1954 period, when the policy was in effect of performing routine total abdominal hysterectomy whenever abdominal hysterectomy was indicated. The mortality rate for the whole period was 0.8 per cent and for the 1952–1954 period 0.4 per cent. A series of 639 hysterectomies performed in private practice over a sixteen and one-half year period is also briefly discussed from the standpoint of the safety of routine total abdominal hysterectomy.
Daniel Eccleston of Lancaster 1745-1821 : a man not afraid to stand on the shoulders of giants

It is unusual for an historian to be able to establish in great detail the life of any but those considered one of 'the great and the good'. The substantial amount of documentary sources, both by, and about, the Quaker radical Daniel Eccleston of Lancaster (1745-1821), provide an opportunity to view a turbulent period in British history through the experiences of one individual. The links between industrial and scientific advance, Nonconformity in religion and calls for political reform were growing increasingly common as the eighteenth century progressed. This paper attempts to show the centrality of Eccleston's Quaker upbringing to his later political radicalisation. Although Eccleston was not an Erasmus Darwin, Thomas Paine or Richard Price, he was an Enlightenment radical, prepared to defend with his pen and a consequent loss of his liberty, the rights of the British to freedom of thought, speech, worship and writing.
Patterns in PARTNERing across Public Health Collaboratives

Inter-organizational networks represent one of the most promising practice-based approaches in public health as a way to attain resources, share knowledge, and, in turn, improve population health outcomes. However, the interdependencies and effectiveness related to the structure, management, and costs of these networks represents a critical item to be addressed. The objective of this research is to identify and determine the extent to which potential partnering patterns influence the structure of collaborative networks. This study examines data collected by PARTNER, specifically public health networks (n = 162), to better understand the structured relationships and interactions among public health organizations and their partners, in relation to collaborative activities. Combined with descriptive analysis, we focus on the composition of public health collaboratives in a series of Exponential Random Graph (ERG) models to examine the partnerships between different organization types to identify the attribute-based effects promoting the formation of network ties within and across collaboratives. We found high variation within and between these collaboratives including composition, diversity, and interactions. The findings of this research suggest common and frequent types of partnerships, as well as opportunities to develop new collaborations. The result of this analysis offer additional evidence to inform and strengthen public health practice partnerships.
Effectively bridging the preclinical/clinical gap: the results of the ASTIN trial.

To the Editor: Recently, the results of the Acute Stroke Therapy by Inhibition of Neutrophils (ASTIN) were published.1 In this trial, 966 patients presenting within 6 hours of acute stroke received varying doses of either placebo or UK-279,276, a CD11b/CD18 inhibitor. Additionally, a subgroup of 204 patients was co-administered tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) when clinically appropriate. The trial was stopped early when interim analysis demonstrated futility in achieving the primary end point of increased functional improvement from the patient’s baseline as measured by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) at 90 days. Post hoc analysis found that patients co-administered tPA and UK-279,276 exhibited a mean improvement of 1.6 points on the SSS, but this study was neither designed nor powered to achieve statistical significance in this group. While the study utilized a novel approach to clinical trial design and management, there are limitations in the design of this study that, while stated by the authors, merit additional attention. The first of these is the study’s diminished emphasis on UK-279,276 as an adjuvant for …
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Spores of Bacillus megaterium and Its Possible Involvement in Spore Germination

Spores of Bacillus megaterium were examined for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Although dormant spores showed no GAD activity, spores given sonic treatment and heat-activated spores had high activities when assayed for this enzyme. Several parameters of GAD in heat-activated spores were examined. The effects of KCN, NaN(3), 2,4-dinitrophenol, and KF on GAD activity were examined. Only KCN was an effective inhibitor of GAD activity in heated spores and was also shown to be the only effective inhibitor of GAD activity in vegetative bacteria. Similar patterns of inhibition were obtained with GAD activity and with spore germination, KCN being the only effective inhibitor of both, although at different concentrations. Spore GAD activity in heat-activated spores showed a loss with storage at 4 C; on the other hand, storage at 25 C was not accompanied by a loss, but, to the contrary, showed an increase in GAD activity of about 30%. A comparison of GAD activity at different times during germination, growth, and sporulation showed it to be highest in freshly germinated spores. Although vegetative cells contained GAD activity, the level in log-phase cells was approximately one-half the level obtained with freshly germinated spores. Heat-activated mutant spores with a requirement of gamma-aminobutyric acid for germination gave no GAD activity. GAD activity appeared in mutant spores after germination and increased to levels comparable to parent spores after 9 min of germination.
Evaluation and Management of Febrile, Well-appearing Young Infants

The evaluation and management of well-appearing febrile infants less than 3 months of age has presented a decades-long clinical conundrum for providers. This article reviews the epidemiology of bacterial and viral infections in these infants. It discusses evidence-based diagnostic and treatment strategies, including appropriate use of testing, admission to the hospital, use of antibiotics, and hospital discharge. It also highlights the substantial variation in care for febrile infants and provides strategies to standardize practice.
RT-PCR study of the distribution of connexin 43 mRNA in the glomerulus and renal tubular segments

An RT-PCR study of the distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43) mRNA in glomeruli and along the rat tubular segments was carried out to establish the differential expression of Cx43 in the different segments of the tubule, in renal regions, in isolated glomerular preparations (IGP), and in microdissected glomeruli. The mRNA level of Cx43 in macrodissected renal regions appeared in the following order: inner papilla > outer papilla and IGP > outer medulla and cortex. Among the microdissected tubules, inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) expressed the highest level of Cx43 mRNA, followed by the cortical collecting ducts (CCD). The proximal convoluted tubules and proximal straight tubules expressed significantly less Cx43 than the IMCD, glomeruli, and CCD. Medullary thick ascending limb and distal convoluted tubules showed the lowest level of Cx43 mRNA. The RT-PCR results of the microdissected segments correlate well with those obtained by RT-PCR of the renal regions. The high concentration of Cx43 mRNA in the IMCD together with the observation of abundant punctate immunofluorescence for Cx43 suggests that the IMCD not only expresses Cx43 mRNA but also that the mRNA is translated to Cx43 protein.
Modern analytics for synthetically derived complex drug substances: NMR, AFFF–MALS, and MS tests for glatiramer acetate

Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a mixture of synthetic copolymers consisting of four amino acids (glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, and tyrosine) with a labeled molecular weight range of 5000 to 9000 Da. GA is marketed as Copaxone™ by Teva for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Here, the agency has evaluated the structure and composition of GA and a commercially available comparator, Copolymer-1. Modern analytical technologies which can characterize these complex mixtures are desirable for analysis of their comparability and structural “sameness.” In the studies herein, a molecular fingerprinting approach is taken using mass-accurate mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (1D-1H-NMR, 1D-13C-NMR, and 2D NMR), and asymmetric field flow fractionation (AFFF) coupled with multi-angle light scattering (MALS) for an in-depth characterization of three lots of the marketplace drug and a formulated sample of the comparator. Statistical analyses were applied to the MS and AFFF–MALS data to assess these methods’ ability to detect analytical differences in the mixtures. The combination of multiple orthogonal measurements by liquid chromatography coupled with MS (LC–MS), AFFF–MALS, and NMR on the same sample set was found to be fit for the intended purpose of distinguishing analytical differences between these complex mixtures of peptide chains.
Automating human-performance modeling at the millisecond level

A priori prediction of skilled human performance has the potential to be of great practical value but is difficult to carry out. This article reports on an approach that facilitates modeling of human behavior at the level of cognitive, perceptual, and motor operations, following the CPM-GOMS method (John, 1990). CPM-GOMS is a powerful modeling method that has remained underused because of the expertise and labor required. We describe a process for automatically generating CPM-GOMS models from a hierarchical task decomposition expressed in a computational modeling tool, taking advantage of reusable behavior templates and their efficacy for generating zero-parameter a priori predictions of complex human behavior. To demonstrate the process, we present a model of automated teller machine interaction. The model shows that it is possible to string together existing behavioral templates that compose basic HCI tasks, (e.g., mousing to a button and clicking on it) to generate powerful human performance predictions. Because interleaving of templates is now automated, it becomes possible to construct arbitrarily long sequences of behavior. In addition, the manipulation and adaptation of complete models has the potential of becoming dramatically easier. Thus, the tool described here provides an engine for CPM-GOMS that may facilitate computational modeling of human performance at the millisecond level.
Breastfeeding rates differ significantly by method used: a cause for concern for public health measurement.

Abstract Objective: Accurate measurements of prevalence of “any” breastfeeding and “exclusive” breastfeeding help assess progress toward public health goals. We compared two commonly used data sour...
Analysis of two-phase flow solar collectors with application to heat pumps

A thermodynamic model is developed to analyze the thermal performance of twophase solar collectors. The well-known equilibrium homogeneous theory is used to model the two-phase flow in the solar collectors. The resultant set of coupled ordinary differential equations for saturated pressure and quality of working fluid in the collector tubes are solved by an iterative procedure using a fourth-order RungeKutta method. The results are then applied to determine the thermal performance of a solar assisted heat pump which uses two-phase flow collectors as the evaporator. The results indicate that even with the use of less expensive bare solar collectors as evaporator for the heat pump, the heating coefficient of performance (COP /SUB H/) as high as 6 can be obtained under realistic ambient conditions provided a proper matching exists between the collector's evaporative capacity and the compressor's pumping capacity.
Prospective, randomized trial comparing effect of oral versus intravenous pantoprazole on rebleeding after nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a pilot study

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce the rate of rebleeding in patients with nonvariceal upper GI bleed (NVGIB). Oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) pantoprazole are equipotent in raising gastric pH. We conducted a pilot study comparing the efficacy of PO vs. IV pantoprazole for reducing rebleeding after NVGIB. Patients with NVGIB were randomized to receive PO (80 mg BID for 3 days) or IV (80-mg IV bolus and 8 mg/hr infusion for 3 days) pantoprazole followed by pantoprazole, 40 mg PO BID, for 30 days. All patients underwent endoscopy within 24 hr and endotherapy was applied where necessary. Twelve patients randomized to the PO and 13 to the IV pantoprazole group were comparable in age, hematocrit, Rockall scores, ulcer characteristics, and endoscopic interventions. Two patients in the IV arm rebled and another in the IV arm developed reversible renal failure. No patient in the PO arm rebled, had organ failure, or had to be changed to IV pantoprazole. We conclude that in this pilot study, the effect of PO pantoprazole on 30-day rebleeding rate in patients with NVGIB was similar to that of IV pantoprazole.
Inversion studies of magnetic cloud structure at 0.7 AU: Solar cycle variation

Pioneer Venus observations from 1979–1988 have revealed the solar cycle evolution of magnetic clouds in the inner heliosphere. Non-force-free magnetic rope models, fit to 44 magnetic clouds, allow us to determine the structures of these clouds and compare their properties with potential field maps of their solar source regions. The leading magnetic polarity in these clouds is correlated with the polarity of the sun's global field. The axis of symmetry of the clouds varies with the inclination of the magnetic streamer belt. At 0.72 AU, the median radius of a magnetic flux rope is 0.10 AU. The median rope contains 11 TWb and carries 0.5 GAmps of parallel electric current. The occurrence frequency of different handedness of the ropes is equally left and right throughout the solar cycle and shows no correlation with other modeled parameters.
Experimental university classes and “the best that has been thought”

In the latest in a series of articles on experimental courses at Kent State University, the authors study how students perceive such classes in terms of a liberal arts cultural education versus a values oriented education. The results determine that subject matter interest was the prime motivation for students to enroll in experimental classes. The results also suggest an openness and variety of student interest that seems unaware of a liberal arts core of “the best that has been thought.”
Timing the shift in retinal local signs that accompanies a saccadic eye movement

Thephantom array was used to probe the time course of the shift in retinal local signs that accompanies a saccadic eye movement. The phantom array materializes when one saccades in the dark across a point light source blinking 120 times per second. One sees a stationary array of flashes—the first materializes discretely near the intended endpoint of the saccade, and subsequent flashes materialize progressively closer to the actual position of the blinking light. Four trained observers indicated the perceived location, relative to the phantom array, of a 1-msec marker flash (M) produced by two LEDs (light-emitting diodes) that vertically bracketed the blinking light. The marker was seen as spatially coincident with the first flash when it flashed 80 to 0 msec before the saccade, and was seen as spatially coincident with either the first flash or the actual position of the blinking light when it flashed mare than 80 msec before the saccade, indicating, respectively, that the shaft is presaccadic and rather abrupt.
Absolute infrared intensities in some metal carbonyls and the charge flux model of the dipole derivatives

Abstract The absolute intensities of the four infrared active modes of certain metal carbonyls, M(CO)4 or M(CO)6, are analyzed from the point of view of the equilibrium charge-charge flux model of the dipole derivatives. It is shown that the charges obtained from the bending modes, assuming negligible flux for these modes, are apparently identical with those reported by previous authors. However, such charges are much too sensitive to the choice of L matrix (which transforms the normal coordinates to symmetry coordinates) to permit any conclusions. The carbonyl stretching mode implies values of the dipole derivative three- to sixfold greater than in gaseous CO. It seems most reasonable to attribute most of this enhancement to charge flux between the metal and carbon atoms.
Heparin and the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in premature infants.

Objective This study was carried out to determine whether the routine use of low-doseheparin in umbilical catheter infusates increases the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage or alters the coagulation profile m premature infants. Methods In a randomized, blinded trial, 113 infants born at less than 31 weeks’ gestationwere assigned to receive, in their umbilical catheter infusate, either 1 unit of heparin per milliliter (n = 55) or no heparin (n = 58). Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentration, and antithrombin III activity levels were determined at the start and the completion of the study. Cranial ultrasonography was performed during the first week of life. Results There was no difference in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage betweenthe heparin and no heparin groups, 35.8% and 31.5%, respectively (p = 0.6). Similarly, no difference was detected in the incidence of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grades III/IV). Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen levels were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the use of heparin was associated with a lower antithrombin III activity level. Antenatal indomethacin use was associated with a 2.9 increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage (95% confidence interval, 1.15 to 7.17). Conclusion A low dose of heparin added to umbilical catheter infusates does not increasethe incidence or severity of intraventricular hemorrhage or significantly alter the coagulation profile in premature infants. (J Pediatr 1997; 131:362-6)
An unusual dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Romania and the island rule

Island faunas are natural laboratories of evolutionary change and have long fascinated biologists. The peculiar ecological conditions on islands have frequently led to the evolution of endemic taxa that differ dramatically in body size and/or morphology from their mainland relatives. Many large animals tend to become smaller on islands, and small ones generally become larger—a phenomenon known as the island rule (1, 2). Perhaps the best-known examples from the fossil record are the pony-sized elephants and pig-sized hippopotami that populated Crete and various other Mediterranean islands during the Pleistocene and Holocene (3). Other examples include the Miocene hedgehog Deinogalerix from Italy, which attained a body length of about 70 cm (4), and the prehistoric rat Coryphomys from East Timor, which may have tipped the scales at 6 kg (5). Insular gigantism has also been found in certain groups of birds such as owls (6).
Definitive radiotherapy for unresectable pediatric and young adult nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma.

Background Few published articles describe outcomes following definitive radiation for unresectable pediatric and young adult nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic factors, outcomes, and complications in patients age 30 years or younger with NRSTS treated at the University of Florida from 1973 to 2002. Procedure Nineteen pediatric and young adult patients with NRSTS were treated with radiotherapy after biopsy. Thirteen patients had high-grade tumors. The median age at radiotherapy was 19.6 years; the median dose was 55.2 Gy. Twelve patients received chemotherapy. Prognostic factors for local recurrence, distant metastases, and survival were analyzed. Results Median follow-up was 2.6 years. The 5-year local-control rate was 40%. Nine out of 13 local failures occurred in the absence of metastatic disease. All patients with local failures died of their cancer, and 8 patients died without evidence of distant metastases. There was a trend toward improved local control with low/intermediate-grade tumors. Freedom from distant metastases at 5 years was 68%. Fourteen patients died of their disease. The 5-year overall survival was 37%. There was one grade 4 complication based on NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3. Conclusion Young patients with unresectable NRSTS have a poor outcome thereby justifying current study efforts focused on treatment intensification. By demonstrating that all patients with local recurrence died of disease and more than half of these deaths occurred in the absence of distant spread, these results suggests that improved means of local control may translate into improvement in survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 247–251. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Protection against cerebral hypoxia by local anesthetics: a study using brain slices

The ability of the local anesthetics lidocaine, 2-chloroprocaine and cocaine to protect neuronal tissue against hypoxic damage was evaluated. Rat hippocampal slices were incubated with non-depressive doses of these agents 60 min prior to their exposure to 15 min hypoxia. The rate of recovery of synaptic function (evoked field potentials) following the hypoxic episode was used as an index of hypoxic damage. Slices treated with 0.1 mM of any of the three local anesthetics exhibited a significant increase in the recovery rate of synaptic function from hypoxia as compared to control, untreated slices. These results indicate that local anesthetics, by reducing neuronal sodium influx (and possibly its concomitant calcium influx) which occurs upon hypoxic depolarization, are able to prolong the hypoxic insult a cerebral tissue could tolerate.
Performance of drywall shear walls: UC Irvine and CSU San Jose tests

A wealth of data has become available since 2001 about the performance of drywall shear walls under cyclic loading. Drywalls and stucco are the only earthquake lateral force-resisting system in many existing residential buildings, especially single-family homes built in the 1970s and earlier. This paper takes a closer look at the actual laboratory cycle-by-cycle data from three test programs and uses them to clarify the meaning of significant damage in regard to gypsum-sheathed shear walls. This paper can be viewed as an extension of the valuable information in the reports by the original authors with a focus on the interpretation and use of the test data for the evaluation of damage to existing wood-frame buildings. Analysis of the data considers the strength loss observed between the initial and later cycles when the wall is loaded to a certain displacement and shows that a loss of strength does occur. In this regard the paper can also be valuable to others working on performance based design development. The last section of the paper also considers the case where a wall might be repaired after the first cyclic loading protocol and loaded again after the repairs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Race, Ethnicity, and Employment Outcomes 1, 5, and 10 Years After Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis

Objectives (1) To compare the odds of competitive employment versus not competitive employment among a group of white, African American, and Hispanic persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) at 1, 5, and 10 years after injury; (2) to examine the changes in the odds of competitive employment versus not competitive employment over time within each racial/ethnic group, and (3) to compare the changes in the odds of competitive employment versus not competitive employment over time between the racial/ethnic groups. Design Retrospective study. Setting Model SCI systems. Participants A total of 11,090 persons with SCI (7735 whites, 2381 African Americans, and 974 Hispanics), between ages 18 and 55 years, enrolled in the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center database. Main Outcome Measure Employment status dichotomized as competitively employed versus not competitively employed. Results The odds of being competitively employed at 1, 5, and 10 years after injury were 1.58, 2.55, and 3.02, times greater for whites than African Americans and 1.71, 1.86, and 1.71, respectively, times greater for whites than Hispanics. At 10 years after injury, the odds of being competitively employed were 1.77 times greater for Hispanics than for African Americans. Persons of all races/ethnicities and with SCI showed significantly greater increases in the odds of being competitively employed versus not competitively employed over time (1-5 years, 1-10 years, 5-10 years after injury); however, whites and Hispanics had greater increases in the odds of competitive employment over time compared with African Americans. Conclusions Regardless of race, short- and long-term employment outcomes were not favorable for persons with SCI; however, African Americans and Hispanics fared worse in employment outcomes compared with whites. Rehabilitation professionals should work to improve employment outcomes for all individuals with SCI, with special emphasis on addressing specific needs of African Americans and Hispanics.
Computerization of primary care in the United States

The objective of this study was to assess the current level of information technology use by primary care physicians in the U.S. Primary care physicians listed by the American Medical Association were contacted by e-mail and asked to complete a Web-based questionnaire. A total of 2,145 physicians responded. Overall, between 20% and 25% of primary care physicians reported using electronic medical records, e-prescribing, point-of-care decision support tools, and electronic communication with patients. This indicates a slow rate of adoption since 2000. Differences in adoption rates suggest that future surveys need to differentiate primary care and office-based physicians by specialty. An important finding is that one-third of the physicians surveyed expressed no interest in the four IT applications. Overcoming this barrier may require efforts by medical specialty societies to educate their members in the benefits of IT in practice. The majority of physicians perceived benefits of IT, but they cited costs, vendor inability to deliver acceptable products, and concerns about privacy and confidentiality as major barriers to implementation of IT applications. Overcoming the cost barrier may require that payers and the federal government share the costs of implementing these IT applications.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of giant cell fibroblastoma: case report and review of the literature.

Giant cell fibroblastoma is an uncommon soft tissue neoplasm occurring in childhood. It appears to be the juvenile form of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, with which it shares some histologic, cytogenetic, and immunohistochemical features. We report, to our knowledge, the second description of the cytologic features of giant cell fibroblastoma. The present case represents a recurrent lesion in the soft tissues of the scrotum of a 17-yr-old male. The aspirate produced moderately cellular smears containing mononuclear cells, usually lying singly, but occasionally forming clusters. The majority of the individual cells possessed scanty bipolar cytoplasm or were devoid of cytoplasm. The nuclei were bland, with small nucleoli. Nuclear membranes frequently contained notches, creases, or folds. Small fragments of metachromatic stroma were present in the background and were often associated with small aggregates of cells. Rare multinucleated giant cells containing bland oval or basillary-shaped nuclei were admixed with the spindle-cell component. Necrosis and mitotic figures were not a component of the smears. Surgical resection of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of giant cell fibroblastoma. We review the characteristic cytologic features of giant cell fibroblastoma and compare them with other soft tissue tumors in the differential diagnosis.
Adding niacin to simvastatin did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with CV disease and dyslipidemia

Source Citation AIM-HIGH Investigators. Niacin in patients with low HDL cholesterol levels receiving intensive statin therapy. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2255-67. 22085343
Analysis and verification of resolution limits of a hyperspectral imager using computed tomography

In recent work, the resolution limits of two variations of chromo-tomographic hyperspectral imaging sensors were discussed. In this paper, we examine another variation of this type of hyperspectral sensor the present a reconstruction method using computed tomography to estimate a hyperspectral data cube and examine the limits of resolution. The resolution analysis is then compared with a simulation to determine the validity of the calculated resolution bounds. The simulation setup is discussed and results are presented.
Linear pulse distortion effects in applications of semiconductor optical amplifiers to local network

It is shown that residual facet reflectivity in travelling-wave semiconductor optical amplifiers causes cumulative pulse broadening and distortion, hence limiting the maximum number of amplifiers that may be reliably used in a local network. For a TDM network, closed-form expressions are derived for this number in terms of bit rate and amplifier and pulse parameters.
Josephus’ portrait of Elijah

Abstract Josephus, like the rabbis, had ambivalent feelings toward the prophet Elijah. On the one hand, because of the traditions identifying him with Phinehas the biblical zealot and portraying him as the forerunner of the Messiah (and therefore the leader of a revolt to bring about an independent Jewish state), Josephus, who was so indebted to the Roman imperial family, could hardly aggrandize him. On the other hand, because of Elijah's popularity as a folk‐hero with the Jewish masses Josephus could hardly afford to downgrade him, though he tones down the miracles associated with him.
Photon echoes in a nonpolar fluid

Abstract We calculate the photon echo signal for a nonpolar chromophore dissolved in a nonpolar solvent. Results of molecular dynamics simulations are compared to calculations in which molecular motions are taken to be ballistic, to assess the contribution of such motions to the echo decay. The validity of the conventional assumption that fluctuations in the electronic transition frequency obey Gaussian statistics is investigated for this model. We consider the role of fluctuations in the repulsive portion of the intermolecular potential in determining the echo decay. The calculations suggest that electronic dephasing in liquids may arise primarily from a slight rearrangement of the first solvation shell about the chromophore.
Superposition of solitons and the modified intermediate long wave equation

Abstract Recently it has been shown that the superposition of solitons constitutes an exact periodic solution of many well known nonlinear evolution equations. The same is demonstrated to be true for the modified intermediate long wave equation.
Use of a Community Mobile Health Van to Increase Early Access to Prenatal Care

Objective: To examine whether the use of a community mobile health van (the Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital Women’s Health Van) in an underserved population allows for earlier access to prenatal care and increased rate of adequate prenatal care, as compared to prenatal care initiated in community clinics. Methods: We studied 108 patients who initiated prenatal care on the van and delivered their babies at our University Hospital from September 1999 to July 2004. One hundred and twenty-seven patients who initiated prenatal care in sites other than the Women’s Health Van, had the same city of residence and source of payment as the study group, and also delivered their babies at our hospital during the same time period, were selected as the comparison group. Gestational age at which prenatal care was initiated and the adequacy of prenatal care — as defined by Revised Graduated Index of Prenatal Care Utilization (RGINDEX) — were compared between cases and comparisons. Results: Underserved women utilizing the van services for prenatal care initiated care three weeks earlier than women using other services (10.2 ± 6.9 weeks vs. 13.2 ± 6.9 weeks, P = 0.001). In addition, the data showed that van patients and non-van patients were equally likely to receive adequate prenatal care as defined by R-GINDEX (P = 0.125). Conclusion: Women who initiated prenatal care on the Women’s Health Van achieved earlier access to prenatal care when compared to women initiating care at other community health clinics.