cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research Note---When Is Versioning Optimal for Information Goods?

This paper provides insights about when versioning is an optimal strategy for information goods. Our characterization of this class of goods is that variable costs are invariant with quality, including the special case of zero variable costs. Our analysis assumes a monopoly firm that has an existing product in the market and has an opportunity to segment the market by introducing additional lower-quality versions. We derive a simple decision rule for determining the optimality of versioning based on the solution to a single-product maximization problem. Versioning is optimal when the optimal market share of the lower-quality version, offered alone, is greater than the optimal market share of the high-quality version, offered alone. A firm can profitably employ versioning for an information good if it can design the lower quality in a way that, relative to their valuations for the high-end version, high-type consumers have a lower relative valuation for the lower quality than do low-type consumers. When variable costs increase, a firm that offered only one product version need not consider adding another version. When variable costs decrease, the firm should explore adding a lower-quality version.
Discerning Biases in a Large Scale Mark–Recapture Population Estimate for Black Bears

Abstract We derived 3 rangewide mark–recapture estimates for American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Minnesota, USA, over a 12-year period (1991–2002) to aid in management of this hunted population. We used tetracycline-laden baits to biomark 700–1,200 bears over an area of 85,000 km2 during each of 3 summer marking sessions. Ingested tetracycline produced long-lasting marks in bones and permanent marks in teeth. We collected bone and tooth samples from bears harvested in both the year of marking and the following year and examined them for tetracycline marks. For each marking event, the cumulative recapture sample totaled 3,400–4,800, or 14–30%, of the estimated population. Estimates of population size, derived from a Lincoln–Petersen (L-P) estimator, pertained to the time of marking; loss of animals from the population after marking was thus inconsequential, so long as losses were unbiased with respect to marking. We detected tetracycline marks in a greater proportion of samples collected in the year...
Direct visualization of organ of corti kinematics in a hemicochlea.

The basilar membrane in the mammalian cochlea vibrates when the cochlea receives a sound stimulus. This mechanical vibration is transduced into hair cell receptor potentials and thereafter encoded ...
A Study of Aerodynamics Force Evaluation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) Blade Using 2D and 3D Comparison

The main purpose of the paper is to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in 3-D analysis of aerodynamic forces of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) blade and compare the 3-D results with the 2-D experimental results. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Phase VI wind blade profile is used as a model for the analysis. The results are compared with the experimental data obtained by NREL at NASA Ames Research Center for the NREL Phase VI wind turbine blade. The aerodynamic forces are evaluated using 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The commercial ANSYS CFX and parameterized 3-D CAD model of NREL Phase VI are used for the analysis. The Shear Stress Transport (SST) Gamma-Theta turbulence model and 0-degree yaw angle condition are adopted for CFD analysis. For the case study seven varying wind speeds (5 m/s, 7 m/s, 10 m/s, 13 m/s, 15 m/s, 20 m/s, 25 m/s) with constant blade rotational speed (72 rpm) are considered. To evaluate the 3-D aerodynamic effect sectional pressure coefficient (Cp) and integrated forces about primary axis such as normal, tangential, thrust and torque are evaluated for each of the seven wind speed cases and compared with the NREL experimental values. The numerical difference of values on wind blade surface between this study and 3-D results of NREL wind tunnel test are found negligible. The paper represents an important comparison between the 3-D lift & drag coefficient with the NREL 2-D experimental data. The results shows that though the current study is in good agreement with NREL 3-D experimental values there is large deviation between the NREL 2-D experimental data and current 3-D study which suggests that in case of 3-D analysis of aerodynamic force of blade surface it is better to use NREL 3-D values instead of 2-D experimental values.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Who Should Provide Mental Health Care

The terms public and private may be somewhat of a misnomer when applied to the concept of medical care under NHI. NHI, after all, will ostensibly provide equal access to medical care for all persons, so that “public” and “private” care could cease to exist per se. In reality, this will probably not happen under NHI. The public health care section will be maintained even though its size may be somewhat diminished. In this connection, it is of interest to note that two-thirds of all mental health care costs are accounted for today by the public sector.16 Under NHI, there may be some redistribution of public sector functions to the private sector as that (latter) sector is better financed and is able to expand the scope as well as the quality of the services it delivers. In any case, a distinct division of mental health care services has developed within the public and private sectors under our current health care system, and the different services will need to be continued under NHI, no matter who provides them. For purposes of discussion, the terms public and private will be used herein to refer to those services and the institutions/providers that have come into being to furnish them.
Bladder smooth muscle cells in culture: I. Identification and characterization.

Abstract This report documents the growth and culture characteristics of human and fetal bovine bladder smooth muscle cells in vitro. Bladder smooth muscle cell strains have been identified by their spindle shaped morphology, noncontact inhibited growth characteristics and the expression of smooth muscle cell specific a-actin. Extracellular matrix protein biosynthesis by these cells in vitro has been characterized by metabolic labeling of proteins with [14C] radiolabeled proline and analysis by SDS gel electrophoresis. These studies demonstrate that bladder smooth muscle cells synthesize predominantly types I and III collagen, and fibronectin. In addition type III collagen exists in both a partially processed (pN α1[III]) form and processed form. Complementary immunohistochemical studies show localization of type I, III, and IV collagens, and fibronectin to bladder smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix. We conclude that both fetal bovine and human smooth muscle bladder cells are capable of secreting the classic components of the surrounding connective tissue.
Bilayer graphene grown on 4H-SiC (0001) step-free mesas.

We demonstrate the first successful growth of large-area (200 × 200 μm2) bilayer, Bernal stacked, epitaxial graphene (EG) on atomically flat, 4H-SiC (0001) step-free mesas (SFMs) . The use of SFMs for the growth of graphene resulted in the complete elimination of surface step-bunching typically found after EG growth on conventional nominally on-axis SiC (0001) substrates. As a result heights of EG surface features are reduced by at least a factor of 50 from the heights found on conventional substrates. Evaluation of the EG across the SFM using the Raman 2D mode indicates Bernal stacking with low and uniform compressive lattice strain of only 0.05%. The uniformity of this strain is significantly improved, which is about 13-fold decrease of strain found for EG grown on conventional nominally on-axis substrates. The magnitude of the strain approaches values for stress-free exfoliated graphene flakes. Hall transport measurements on large area bilayer samples taken as a function of temperature from 4.3 to 300 ...
Pretreatment computed tomographic gross tumor volume as predictor of persistence of tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube in patients undergoing larynx preservation

Background Although larynx preservation affords patients improvements in laryngectomy-free survival, little has been reported regarding the functional outcomes after larynx preservation. The purpose of this study was to report the predictive value of pretreatment CT-gross tumor volume (GTV) for persistence of tracheostomy and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube in larynx preservation patients. Methods Each patient had a CT scan before initiation of therapy and the GTV was contoured. Results Using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), threshold GTVs of 27.16 cc and 12 cc were identified for association of time with tracheostomy and PEG tube, respectively. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]) times above and below these thresholds were 1.84 (1.06–not reached [NR]) and 0.75 (0.63–1.26) years, respectively (p = .03) for time with tracheostomy and 1.75 (1.34–NR) and 0.84 (0.46–NR) years, respectively (p = 0.10) for time with PEG tube. Conclusion This study demonstrates that pretreatment CT-GTV is predictive of an approximately 2.5-fold and approximately 2-fold, respectively, increase in time with tracheostomy and PEG tube. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
Impact of Civil Marriage Recognition for Long-Term Same-Sex Couples

Many same-sex couples had already established long-term relationships prior to the availability of civil marriage rights in the USA. The impact and possible benefits of marriage and marriage recognition for long-term couples was tested using data from a sample of couple members: 307 in a civil marriage and 50 with no legal relationship status. The reported study was conducted prior to marriage recognition in all US states and tests the associations of marital status and living in a state that recognized civil marriages of same-sex couples with self-reports of positive and negative LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) identity, social support, and daily discrimination. Dyadic regression analyses revealed that participants in a civil marriage reported higher levels of LGB identity centrality and support from partner. Residing in a state that recognized civil marriage was associated with lower levels of LGB identity concealment, a less difficult process accepting one’s LGB identity, and less vigilance and isolation. Results are discussed in terms of the benefits of long-term relationships and the impact of socio-historical context and marriage policy on same-sex relationships.
Binding and Cytotoxic Trafficking of Cholesterol Hydroperoxides by Sterol Carrier Protein-2

Redox-active cholesterol hydroperoxides (ChOOHs) generated by oxidative stress in eukaryotic cells may propagate cytotoxic membrane damage by undergoing one-electron reduction or, at low levels, act as mobile signaling molecules like H2O2. We discovered that ChOOHs can spontaneously translocate between membranes or membranes and lipoproteins in model systems, and that this can be accelerated by sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2), a nonspecific lipid trafficking protein. We found that cells overexpressing SCP-2 were more susceptible to damage/toxicity by 7α-OOH (a free radical-generated ChOOH) than control cells, and that this correlated with 7α-OOH delivery to mitochondria. The methods used for obtaining these results and for establishing that cellular SCP-2 binds and traffics 7α-OOH are described in this chapter.
Ears, Nose, and Throat

This chapter will comprehensively address head and neck emergencies beginning with disorders of the ears, nose, and throat, detailing hearing loss, infections, abscesses, trauma including fractures, along with epistaxis, and its diagnosis and treatment. Upper airway edema and infections are discussed in detail as well as its diagnosis and treatment. Dental emergencies are detailed, including trauma and postsurgical emergencies. Finally, vertigo of both the central and peripheral origins is discussed. This chapter will additionally provide the learner with information regarding laboratory assessment if required as well as with information regarding imaging (if required) that is essential for passing examinations.
Biocompatibility of SiC for Neurological Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the research that done at the University of South Florida to determine the biocompatibility of single-crystal SiC and related materials with neuronal and glial cells to determine whether they are possible candidate materials for the construction of a neuronal implantation device. It describes the basics about the CNS, how it is organized, and its major cellular constituents are described and their purposes within the CNS. Following this, it considers the research investigating the in vitro biocompatibility of 3C-SiC and a related material, nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), with immortalized neuronal and CNS cell lines. The in vitro reaction of primary derived neurons with 3C-SiC is also detailed, followed by initial in vivo testing of 3C-SiC within the brain of a wild-type mouse. The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of the brain and spinal cord. Blood is not in direct contact with the extracellular fluid within the CNS because of restrictive endothelial cells that create a tight junction known as the blood–brain barrier. Any physical biomedical device that would interact with the CNS has to deal with cells that perform functions similar to their leukocyte counterparts found within the bloodstream. The therapeutic utility provided by these devices is that they could be utilized as a platform for drug delivery behind the blood–brain barrier to specific CNS areas, or to transport neuronal factors or even other cells to the CNS to assist in the repair of the neural system damaged by trauma and disease.
Capitalism as a social movement: the corporate and neoliberal reconstructions of the American political economy in the twentieth century

AbstractThis paper examines the ways in which social movements based among leading capitalists have remade the US political economy. In the first part we examine the period from the late 1880s through the 1920s, sketching the emergence of a hegemonic movement that accomplished the re-embedding of capitalist social relations during the corporate reconstruction of American capitalism. In the second, we examine the disembedding of capitalist relations during the contemporary neoliberal era. The paper makes three major arguments. First, capitalists not just subaltern groups resort to collective action outside of institutional channels of authority and power. Second, during organic crises the movements of capitalists will join with movements of subaltern groups to create hegemonic projects, whose disparate supporters are articulated by discourses. Third, the concept of ‘social movement’ itself should be understood as a constituent part of a larger social formation and not sealed off from features of capitalism...
Applied Behavior Analysis in Early Childhood Education: An Introduction to Evidence-based Interventions and Teaching Strategies

Applied Behavior Analysis in Early Childhood Education provides a basic introduction to applied behavior analysis and the highly beneficial role that it can play in early childhood education for both typically developing children and those with special needs. The objective is to provide future and current early childhood professionals with the tools that they need to positively impact the lives of young children. Specifically, the book will describe and provide useful examples related to the following: Implementing effective techniques for changing behavior; Strategies for every day challenges both in the classroom and at home; Strategies for addressing less frequent issues; Suggestions for how to consult and correspond with parents and caretakers. Applied Behavior Analysis in Early Childhood Education is written for professionals preparing for—or those already in—careers in child development, behavior analysis, early childhood education, developmental therapy, counseling, special education, and other helping professions. A Companion Website featuring additional information and resources for students and instructors can be accessed at www.routledge.com/cw/casey.
Screening of gestational carriers in the United States

Objective To assess medical and psychosocial screening and evaluation received by gestational carriers and compare those using agencies to those not using agencies. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) A total of 204 women who completed a survey on their experiences as gestational carriers in the United States. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Self-reported screening received before gestational carrier pregnancies. Result(s) Overall, 97.1% of gestational carriers had a complete medical evaluation and 94.6% had an evaluation or counseling by a mental health professional. Most participants indicated that they had been informed of at least some medical risks (92.6%) and psychological considerations (89.7%). Participants most often recalled being informed of the risks of multiple pregnancy (89.2%) and medical procedures and medications (87.2%), but least often recalled being informed about the risks of impact on their own employment (46.6%) and to their own children (61.3%). There were no differences in outcome measures between those using an agency and those who did not. Conclusion(s) Self-reported screening and evaluation was high, but still not 100% on all measures. Further education of providers regarding guidelines for the screening and evaluation of gestational carriers may be needed.
Simulation in preclinical medical student education: getting started

High-fidelity patient simulation allows deliberate practice1 of clinical skills, and is now commonly deployed as an educational platform for trainees, staff and teams across healthcare. In our medical school simulation laboratory, we focus primarily on the preclinical education of medical students, prior to their patient-care rotations. This approach may seem counterintuitive at such an early stage of training, but we find it powerful as a platform to teach basic biomedical science.2 ,3 In this brief practice report, we review core principles of our approach for readers who wish to pursue further work at the interface of healthcare simulation and basic science education. Many medical educators have historically viewed mannequin simulation as useful only for code cases; however, we use such cases sparingly and instead run simple cases of common medical symptoms (eg, shortness of breath). When we write our cases, we keep them as ‘textbook’ as possible and avoid the temptation to make the case more complicated which can distract the novice student from the pathophysiology. Even when viewed as an adjunct to teaching basic biomedical concepts, it is important to account for the emotional impact of simulation on the student. In the beginning of our simulation programme, we would allow the patient to die during …
Cultural climates and the ethos of science

A major access point for understanding the problem of the rise of modern science can be found in the multiple institutional arrangements that create and sustain the role of the scientist. In directing our attention to that problem, we should consider the broader institutional arrangements that entail the scientific role-set. From one point of view, those values and commitments that constitute the scientist's role-set can be called the ethos of science, as I noted in Chapter 1. As Robert Merton originally expressed the idea, the norms of the ethos of science “are expressed in the form of prescriptions, proscriptions, preferences, and permissions.” And these are centered on the values of universalism, communalism, organized skepticism, and disinterestedness. Although sociologists of science in the past have attempted to view the role of the scientist as that of a narrowly defined cultural actor, I have suggested just the opposite: the scientist is and always has been a purveyor of knowledge affecting the widest reaches of thought and even metaphysics – though scientists today would deny involvement in any such thing. In part this disclaimer is a defensive self-effacement that may derive from the narrowness of contemporary scientific specialization and problem solving. On the other hand, it comes from a neglect of the overall role of science in society and the ways in which the scientific vision shapes all of our perceptions of physical, cultural, and psychological reality. Given all of the twentieth-century breakthroughs in modern biology and biochemistry that have made possible various forms of cloning and genetic engineering, it is apparent that scientific inquiry does indeed raise ethical and moral issues. These issues concern not only how scientific knowledge should be used but also what forms of inquiry are ethically permissible. The breakthrough to modern science centered on the freedom of nonecclesiastical elites to describe (and explain) the known world – freely, publicly, and completely – in terms radically at variance with the received religious wisdom. Although Copernicus and other astronomers, especially Galileo and Kepler, were intent to establish the science of astronomy, there is no denying the fact that their scientific claims radically altered the Judeo-Christian worldview.
A Built-in Tester for Modulation Noise in a Wireless Transmitter

A fully digital implementation for an RF built-in self-test (RF BIST), incorporated within a digital RF processor (DRPtrade)-based system-on-chip (SoC), is presented. The proposed mechanism serves as an on-chip built-in modulation-noise estimation-module (BIMNEM) for the testing of the 2.4 GHz local oscillator of a Bluetooth transceiver offered by Texas Instruments. This SoC, realized in a standard 130 nm digital CMOS process, is being tested in mass production using a digital very-low-cost-tester (VLCT) that leverages on the internal test capabilities of the SoC, thereby minimizing test costs. Experimental results are shown and the extension of this approach for implementation in the later generations of DRP based SoCs is briefly discussed
Brooklyn Dreams: My Life in Education

There are few scholars as formative to my understanding of the connection between social justice and education as Sonia Nieto. In my undergraduate years, just as I was beginning to express an inter...
Spatiotemporal Evolution of Coherent Elastic Strain Waves in a Single MoS2 Flake.

We use bright-field imaging in an ultrafast electron microscope to spatiotemporally map the evolution of photoexcited coherent strain waves in a single, micrometer-size flake of MoS2. Following in situ femtosecond photoexcitation, we observe individual wave trains emerge from discrete nanoscale morphological features and propagate in-plane along specific wave vectors at approximately the speed of sound (7 nm/ps). Over the span of several hundred picoseconds, the 50 GHz wave trains (20 ps periods) are observed to undergo phonon–phonon scattering and wave-train interference, resulting in a transition to larger-scale, incoherent structural dynamics. This incoherent motion further evolves into coherent nanomechanical oscillations over a few nanoseconds, ultimately leading to megahertz, whole-flake multimode resonances having microsecond lifetimes. These results provide insight into the low-frequency structural response of MoS2 to relatively coherent optical photoexcitation by elucidating the origin and the ev...
Semirigid Ureteroscopy: The Cleveland Clinic Approach

Semirigid ureteroscopy ultimately evolved from transurethral endoscopy of the bladder. Over time, the original, rigid, rod lens ureteroscopes were modified to utilize fiber optic bundles to conduct light and to transmit an image of the ureteral area of interest, and this permitted the fabrication of thinner, somewhat-bendable telescopes termed semirigid ureteroscopes. The following chapter details indications for semirigid ureteroscopy, the advantages, and disadvantages of these instruments in comparison to flexible ureteroscopes, and how to safely utilize these tools in order to maximize a successful treatment outcome while minimizing the risk of complications and/or failures. It is hoped that the information included herein will prove helpful for those practitioners needing to treat patients best managed with semirigid ureteral endoscopy.
TSACO first anniversary: life is good

Life is good at TSACO … Our first article published on May 31, 2016, and we have now accepted 51 articles. It took a bit of adjustment for all of us, including authors and the Editorial Board, to know what to expect from open access (OA) publishing and to become acquainted with a new web address (tsaco.bmj.com) and submission process. Everyone anticipated that OA would provide for rapid times from submission to decision and publication. Submission to publication times are getting progressively lower and are now under 5 weeks; we plan to get them down to 1 month. TSACO is intended to serve a global audience and we have received submissions from 16 countries. We publish on all aspects of trauma including injury prevention, global systems' disaster and mass casualty, orthopedic injuries, neurological trauma, …
Student and faculty perceptions of plagiarism in health sciences education

AbstractAcademic misconduct is a problem encountered by many academic programmes, including programmes in the health sciences. The primary purpose of the present study was to assess doctoral student and graduate faculty perceptions of academic misconduct, specifically plagiarism. We used a cross-sectional survey design, and separate surveys were developed for students and faculty. The student survey measured student perceptions of the prevalence of plagiarism among students in general and assessed the occurrence of each student’s plagiaristic behaviours. The faculty survey measured faculty perceptions of the prevalence of plagiarism among students in general and among students in their courses specifically. Two hundred and thirty-eight students and 92 faculty completed the surveys. Students were doctoral health sciences students enrolled in a campus-based, online or hybrid programme. Compared with the self-reported behaviour of students, faculty believed more students were involved with plagiarism. Self-r...
A Perron–Frobenius Type of Theorem for Quantum Operations

We define a special class of quantum operations we call Markovian and show that it has the same spectral properties as a corresponding Markov chain. We then consider a convex combination of a quantum operation and a Markovian quantum operation and show that under a norm condition its spectrum has the same properties as in the conclusion of the Perron–Frobenius theorem if its Markovian part does. Moreover, under a compatibility condition of the two operations, we show that its limiting distribution is the same as the corresponding Markov chain. We apply our general results to partially decoherent quantum random walks with decoherence strength $$0 \le p \le 1$$ . We obtain a quantum ergodic theorem for partially decoherent processes. We show that for $$0 < p \le 1$$ , the limiting distribution of a partially decoherent quantum random walk is the same as the limiting distribution for the classical random walk.
A Teaching Method for Constructing Test Items Supported by a Data Base Approach to Test Item Banking

(1979). A Teaching Method for Constructing Test Items Supported by a Data Base Approach to Test Item Banking. The Journal of Data Education: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 17-22.
Modulation of Suppressor T-Cells by Streptococcal Pyrogenic Exotoxin

The V-region gene repertoire which determines the qualitative nature of an organisms’ antibody response is encoded in the genome of the immunoglobulin forming cells (B-lymphocytes) of the organism. Other cells such as thymus derived lymphocytes (T-cells) and macrophages appear to regulate or control the antibody responses of B- lymphocytes to many immunogens including trinitrophenylated rabbit erythrocytes (TNP-RE). Recently, we have been attempting to understand how this regulation is mediated at the cellular level. We have devised a model based on the observation that a toxic protein (SPE) which is elaborated by many Group A streptococci is capable of deregulating T-cell dependent antibody responses in mice. An in vitro cellular complementation system allowed us to perform reconstruction experiments in order to define the functions of isolated subpopulations of mouse spleen immunocytes, which include B-cells and macrophages obtained from NFR/nu nu mice and T-cells obtained from their +/nu littermates. Since these subpopulations of immunocytes are all required in order to generate a complete anti-TNP PFC response in Marbrook-type spleen cell cultures, we were able to test and to localize the susceptible target of SPE within the T-cell population. Subfractionation of the T-cell population into functional distinct subpopulations followed by demonstration of the unique T-cell surface markers on the cells which bound SPE allowed us to delineate the deregulating locus of SPE to native regulatory T-cells or to a normal suppressor T-cell subset.
Abstract LB-021: Combination of quantitative histomorphometry with NFκB/p65 nuclear localization is better predictor of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients

Clinical management decisions in prostate cancer are often based on risk determination with major uncertainty since limited tools are available to understand the risk of disease progression and guide the treatment decision process. Computer-aided quantitative histomorphometric analysis has emerged as a powerful computing tool to identify, characterize, and quantitate histologic features of tissues beyond human visual capabilities. Several quantitative features can be assessed, such as precise numeric measurements pertaining to the spatial arrangement and architecture of nuclei, shapes of nests and nuclei, and nuclear texture. This technology has proven to be useful for the detection of cancer in tissue sections and also for predicting tumor biology and clinical outcome in cancer patients. Utilizing a combination of synergistic strategy of quantitative histomorphometry and biomarker expression of NF-κB/p65 from prostate tissue specimens, we sought to fuse structural and functional information from morphological and molecular markers to better characterize disease progression improving prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Here we utilized radical prostatectomy specimens (n=23) for feature extraction from 15 patients without BCR and 8 patients who experienced BCR (PSA > 0.2 ng/ml) within two years of surgery. Digitized HE 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-021.
Comorbid Dysphagia and Dyspnea in Muscle Tension Dysphonia: A Global Laryngeal Musculoskeletal Problem.

ObjectiveTo characterize the associated symptoms of dysphagia and dyspnea among patients presenting with muscle tension dysphonia (MTD).Study DesignRetrospective chart review performed over a 14-mo...
Swallowing Function in Survivors of Oropharyngeal Cancer Is Associated With Advanced T Classification.

Objectives:The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is rapidly increasing in the United States. The aim of this study was to characterize the functional status of OPSCC surviv...
Comparison of Costs of Care for Medicare Patients Hospitalized in Teaching and Nonteaching Hospitals

Importance Little empirical work has been performed on whether teaching hospitals are more expensive when considering total costs of care for an acute care episode. Objective To compare total standardized costs at 30 days by hospital teaching status for common conditions. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study assessed the costs of hospitalizations among US Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older at major, minor, and nonteaching hospitals from January 1, 2014, to November 30, 2015, for 15 medical conditions and 6 surgical procedures. Data analysis was performed from February 26, 2019, to April 16, 2019. Exposures Hospital teaching status (major, minor, and nonteaching hospitals). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was 30-day total standardized costs to Medicare for hospitalizations for all 21 conditions in aggregate as well as stratified by medical and surgical condition categories. Secondary outcomes included 30-day spending for individual components of care (index hospitalization, physician services, readmission, and outpatient and post–acute care services) as well as total standardized costs at 90 days. Results The sample consisted of 1 249 006 hospitalizations at 3064 hospitals (232 [7.6%] major teaching, 837 [27.3%] minor teaching, and 1995 [65.1%] nonteaching hospitals). Treatment at a major teaching hospital was associated with lower total 30-day adjusted standardized costs ($18 605 vs $18 793 at minor teaching hospitals and $18 873 at nonteaching hospitals; difference between major and nonteaching hospitals: −$268; 95% CI, −$456 to −$80;P = .005). Treatment at a major teaching hospital was associated with higher spending for the index hospitalization ($8529 vs $8370 at minor teaching hospitals and $8180 at nonteaching hospitals; difference between major and nonteaching hospitals: $349; 95% CI, $308-$390;P Conclusions and Relevance Medicare patients treated at major teaching hospitals had lower Medicare spending at 30 days and similar costs at 90 days compared with Medicare patients at nonteaching hospitals. These findings appear to raise doubts that care at teaching hospitals is necessarily more expensive than care at nonteaching hospitals.
A new phase in the SrPbCu oxide system: The crystal structure of Sr5−xPb3+xCuyO12−δ

Abstract A single crystal with compositions Sr 4.79 Pb 3.21 Cu 0.66 O 11.12 was grown from a reaction mixture of nominal composition 2 Pb:1 Sr:1 Cu that was fired at 860°C in air. M r = 1304.6,hexagonal, P ¯62 m , a = 10.072(3)A, c = 3.542(3)A, V = 311.2(4)A 3 , Z = 1, Dx = 6.96 g cm −3 , λ = 0.71069A˚, μ = 645 cm −1 , F (000) = 553.34,room temperature, R = 0.040for 323 unique reflections5σ( F o ).The Pb atoms are in octahedral coordination; the octahedra form a chain parallel to c by edge-sharing. Sr is coordinated by nine oxygen atoms that form a capped trigonal prism. The trigonal prisms form a chain parallel to c by face-sharing. TheSr/Pbsite is surrounded by seven oxygen ions. The polyhedron can be described as a tricapped trigonal prism with one edge of the prism missing. The octahedra and trigonal prisms articulate by corner sharing into a three-dimensional framework. Two crystallographically independent Cu atoms are disordered and occupy tetrahedral interstices. One oxygen site is partially occupied. The presence of Pb 2+ on the Pb site distorts the octahedron by lengthening two bonds to 2.44(3)A˚; the average of the other four bond lengths is 2.137(19)A˚. The Sr O bond lengths to the six apices of the prism are 2.632(14) and 2.935(3)A˚to the three capping atoms. The disorderedSr/Pb atom site has four oxygen neighbors at 2.544(17)A˚, two at 2.621(5)A˚, and one at 2.42(2)A˚. The compound is an electrical insulator.
Addressing Adolescent Depression in Primary Care: Building Capacity Through Psychologist and Pediatrician Partnership.

Early identification and treatment of depression during adolescence can contribute to healthier outcomes across the lifespan, yet adolescent depression has been underidentified and undertreated. The American Academy of Pediatrics’ (AAP) Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC) were created to enhance the identification and treatment of adolescent depression. Integrated psychologists in a pediatric primary care setting partnered with providers and clinic staff to implement an adolescent depression screening initiative and transform primary care practice around identification and management. From January 2017 through August 2018, 2107 adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 were screened using the PHQ-9A. Eleven percent (n = 226) of adolescents had an elevated screen with a score of ≥ 10 and 7% (n = 151) screened positive for suicidal ideation. Identification of depressive symptoms led to increased integrated behavioral health services delivered by psychologists, psychiatrists, and psychology trainees. Psychologists integrated in primary care can support primary care practices to develop service delivery systems aligned with AAP’s GLAD-PC and address the diverse implementation barriers associated with incorporating clinical practice guidelines in real-world settings. Universal screening for adolescent depression and response protocols were successfully implemented in a pediatric primary care clinic under the leadership of psychologists and pediatrician partners.
The Modal Conception of Ideal Rational Agents: Objectively Ideal Not Merely Subjectively Ideal, Advisors Not Exemplars, Agentially Concerned Not Agentially Indifferent, Social Not Solitary, Self-and-Other-Regarding Not Wholly Self-Regarding

Ideal rational agents are ethically ideal. Both Aristotle and Kant unsuccessfully argued for this proposition. Michael Smith argues for this claim by closely examining the requirements for an agent to be ideal. Ideal agents would be objectively ideal in that they would robustly possess and exercise maximal capacities for knowledge-acquisition and desire-satisfaction. They must additionally be agentially concerned as follows. They must have a generally dominant desire not to interfere with the exercise of their knowledge acquisition capacities both in the present and in the future, have a generally dominant desire not to interfere with the exercise of their desire-satisfaction capacities in the future, and have a generally dominant desire to do what they can to help ensure that they develop and maintain these capacities. An ideal agent in a world with other ideal agents has a generally dominant constitutive desire not to interfere with the exercise of anyone's knowledge acquisition capacities, a desire not to interfere with anyone's exercise of their desire-satisfaction capacities, in present and future. And ideal agents must have a generally dominant constitutive desire to do what they can to help ensure that everyone develops and maintains these capacities. These properties make ideal rational agents ethically ideal.
Activated iridium oxide film (AIROF) electrodes for neural tissue stimulation.

OBJECTIVE Iridium oxide films are commonly used as a high charge-injection electrode material in neural devices. Yet, few studies have performed in-depth assessments of material performance versus film thickness, especially for films grown on three-dimensional (instead of planar) metal surfaces in neutral pH electrolyte solutions. Further, few studies have investigated the driving voltage requirements for constant-current stimulation using activated iridium oxide (AIROF) electrodes, which will be a key constraint for future use in wirelessly powered neural devices. APPROACH In this study, iridium microwire probes were activated by repeated potential pulsing in room temperature phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.1-7.3). Electrochemical measurements were recorded in three different electrolyte conditions for probes with different geometric surface areas (GSAs) as the AIROF thickness was increased. MAIN RESULTS Maintaining an anodic potential bias during the inter-pulse interval was required for AIROF electrodes to deliver charge levels considered necessary for neural stimulation. Potential pulsing for 100-200 cycles was sufficient to achieve charge injection levels of 2.5 mC cm-2 (50 nC/phase in a biphasic pulse) in PBS with 2000 µm2 iridium probes. Increasing the electrode surface area to 3000 µm2 and 4000 µm2 significantly increased charge-injection capacity, reduced the driving voltage required to deliver a fixed amount of charge, and reduced polarization of the electrodes during constant-current pulsing. SIGNIFICANCE This study establishes methods for choosing an activation protocol and a desired GSA for three-dimensional iridium electrodes suitable for neural tissue insertion and stimulation, and provides guidelines for evaluating electrochemical performance of AIROF using model saline solutions.
Gothic Chopin: Negotiating Realism’s Divide in Bayou Folk

The Gothic in Kate Chopin’s work is often understood through the same lens of racialization that has elucidated much of American Gothic fiction. In this regard, Chopin’s realist stories depicting the marginalized and exotic are haunted with repressed secrets of a poisonous past and a violent, segregated present. But racism is not an isolated impetus for Gothic disruption in Chopin’s work as it also manifests a tension between provincial locality and an inherently cosmopolitan creolization that frustrates the regionalist/nationalist divide, one in which Chopin stands at the crossroads between realist idioms of local color/regionalism and modernity’s nationalist narrative Chopin’s ambivalent positioning with regard to a regionalist aesthetic is a source for her Gothicism in her stories, in which she claims a liminal insider/outsider status merging exoticism with nationalism.
Quality metrics in the performance of EUS: a population-based observational cohort of the United States.

Background and Aims There are few data on the quality of EUS in the community setting. We characterized EUS performance at the individual facility level in 3 large American states, using need for repeat biopsy (NRB) as a metric for procedural failure, and the rate of unplanned hospital encounters (UHEs) as a metric for adverse events. Methods We collected data on 76,614 EUS procedures performed at 166 facilities in California, Florida, and New York (2009-2014). The endpoints for the study were 7-day rate of UHEs after EUS, and 30-day rate of NRB after EUS with fine-needle aspiration. Facility-level factors analyzed included annual procedure volume, urban/rural location, and free-standing status (facilities not attached to a larger hospital). Predictors for UHE and NRB were analyzed in both multivariable regression and nonparametric local regression. Results Facility volume did not predict risk for UHEs. However, high facility volume protected against NRB (P trend Conclusion Facility volume does not predict risk for adverse events after EUS. However, high facility volume is associated with decreased rates of technical failure (as assessed by NRB). These data provide one of the first descriptions of EUS practice in community settings and highlight opportunities to improve endoscopic quality nationally.
Healthcare Inaccessibilities Challenged Through Podcasts

Podcasting has become a form of disseminating information as well as for advocating social change. This paper utilizes the popular mainstream form of artivism (podcasts) in order to underscore the disparities in the healthcare system that specifically affect the Latinx community. These social inequalities that provide a lack of access to care include language/cultural barriers, geographical accessibility, and the cost of health care. These various podcasts use personal anecdotes and statistics to highlight the gaps in our healthcare system and to encourage the listeners to advocate for change.
Impact of ELNEC-undergraduate curriculum on associate degree nursing student primary palliative care knowledge

Abstract Background Primary palliative care (PPC) education is deficient in nursing curricula. The Endof-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) curricula are frequently utilized PPC educational interventions; however, there is limited evidence exploring the impact of the new undergraduate curriculum on student knowledge. Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of ELNEC-Undergraduate curriculum on associate degree nursing students’ knowledge of PPC. Methods The quasi-experimental study implemented a pretest/posttest design with a single cohort of associate degree nursing students enrolled in their final semester. Knowledge was assessed using the Undergraduate Nursing Palliative Care Knowledge Survey. Paired sample ttests analyzed change in knowledge. Hierarchical linear regressions analyzed the effect of student demographics on knowledge. Results Knowledge significantly increased after the implementation of the ELNECUndergraduate curriculum. No significant effects of demographic variables were identified. Conclusion The ELNEC-Undergraduate curriculum is effective in improving associate degree nursing students’ knowledge of PPC.
Police use of firearms: Exploring citizen, officer, and incident characteristics in a statewide sample

Abstract This paper analyzes the more than 70,000 police use of force incidents in New Jersey from 2012 to 2016 to examine the association of a citizen’ s race and ethnicity with the likelihood of officers pointing a firearm, shooting, and the number of shots discharged. Our study suggests that Black and Hispanic New Jerseyans are not more likely to experience force incidents involving a firearm relative to other citizens who experience police use of force, however this relationship is conditioned on the size of the place the incident occured. Black residents of smaller municipalities are almost twice as likely (OR = 1.70), and Hispanic residents more than twice as likely (OR = 2.30), than white citizens to have an officer pull their service weapon out during a stop. Furthermore, among all use of force incidents where a gun is brandished by police, Black and Hispanic residents are more likely to be shot, and shot numerous times compared to white citizens. While some of the relationship between race and force is mediated by crime type and subject behavior, a relationship between race and force remains. The need for systematic data reporting from smaller agencies and implications for research and policy are discussed.
Epidemiologic observations on bovine winter dysentery

In two herds undergoing 'winter dysentery' outbreaks, the distribution of onset of diarrhoea suggested an infectious and contagious disease with cow to cow spread. Age and breed appeared inconsequential in diarrhoea and fever. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea viruses are evidently not involved. No currently available vaccine is effective in its control.
Hip-Hop and Pedagogy, More than Meets the Eye

In a small undergraduate seminar, we simultaneously examined Hip-Hop culture and created an environment conducive to empowerment-based development. The course was guided by the Individual and Community Empowerment Framework introduced by Travis and Deepak (2011) and elaborated upon by Travis (2013). Recent discussions of Hip Hop integrated pedagogy capture the full range of its value to individuals and communities (Hall, 2011).
Are You My Mentor? New Perspectives and Research on Informal Mentorship

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate the characteristics and perceived value of informal mentorship by conducting a survey of academic librarians and non-librarians with MLIS degrees in Illinois. The body of literature surrounding informal mentorship comprises of a very small portion of that which relates to mentorship in general. The literature often presented problematic definitions and posed questions of legitimacy as informal mentorship has qualities that have been cited as examples of poor mentoring relationships. Our survey data highlighted characteristics of informal mentoring relationships and suggested that informal mentorship has been considered as valuable and more widely accessible to mentees than formal mentorship.