cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PS3:47 Multi-year analysis of prevalence/outcomes of pulmonary embolism in systemic lupus erythematosus discharges from nationwide inpatient sample database & comparison to national hospital discharge survey

Background Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) may increase this risk of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and its complications in hospitalised patients. Herein, Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2003–2011 was analysed to assess the relationship of PE and SLE in hospitalised patients. Methods NIS database (2003–2011) was queried to identify all adults (age >18 years) with SLE and PE using appropriate ICD-9 codes. Demographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes were compared between SLE patients with and without a PE. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to obtain adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results Of 2 99 595 hospitalizations of patients with SLE from 2003–2011, 3839 (1.28%) had PE, 1.83 times of the background prevalence with OR 1.85 (p In comparison to 10-year-analysis of National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) database, the results show similar overall increase in risk of developing PE with SLE, mean age, sex ratio, length of stay, higher risk in African-Americans and increased mortality except, in NIS database, PE was more common in males not females (table 2). Conclusion SLE significantly increases the risk of developing PE in hospitalised patients. Furthermore, PE with SLE is associated with significantly higher mortality and cost of hospitalisation, increased LOS and greater disability at discharge. These results also suggest that African-Americans may have a higher risk of PE but role of sex needs further evaluation. These results suggest thromboembolism prophylaxis should be considered in hospitalised SLE patients but more studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship and risk of PE in SLE, especially in hospitalised patients.
Multi-level complexity reduction for HEVC multiview coding

Standardized in 2014, multiview extension of high efficiency video coding (MV-HEVC) offers significantly better compression performance of up to 50% for multiview and 3D videos compared to multiple independent single view HEVC coding. However, the extreme high computational complexity of MV-HEVC demands significant optimization of the encoder. In this work, we propose a series of optimization techniques at various levels of abstraction: non-aggregation massively parallel motion estimation (ME) and disparity estimation (DE) for prediction units, fractional and bidirectional ME/DE, quantization parameter-based early termination of coding tree unit (CTU), and optimized resource-scheduled wave front parallel processing for CTU. When evaluated over three views for all available official multiview video coding test sequences, proposed optimization outperforms the anchor encoder by average factor of 5.4 at the cost of 4.4% bitrate (DBR) increase at no loss in PSNR, or alternatively a PSNR degradation of 0.12 dB at no change to the DBR.
the early history of weather modification

Since ancient times man has dreamed of manipulating the weather to his advantage. His efforts to this end have ranged from drawing pictographs, lighting ceremonial fires, participating in rain danc...
Professor Gennady J. Kabo: Celebrating his 80th birthday and long-standing contributions to chemical thermodynamics

Abstract This article provides a brief summary of Professor Kabo’s contributions to chemical thermodynamics along with a few biographical details on the occasion of his 80th birthday. The accomplishments associated with Professor Kabo’s research activities over a period of more than 50 years are related to building unique equipment for high precision thermodynamic measurements, conducting experimental measurements over broad ranges of temperature and pressure, developing new prediction methods for thermodynamic properties of organic compounds, establishing new theoretical concepts related to structural and energy-related properties based on new data obtained by either experiment or prediction, and providing innovative technological solutions to the processes of industrial importance based on thermodynamic properties determined.
Considering Migration and Its Effects on Coastal Ecosystems

For decades people have tried to understand and define the relationships between population growth and migration, consumption, and environmental condition. Early simplistic formulas claiming a linear relationship between population size and environmental degradation have been shown to be deficient, especially when nuances of demographics such as migration and factors driving and organizing human behavior are not taken into account. Discarding outdated paradigms has not immediately led to the development of new ones that can easily explain the relationship between human population and environment, however. Yet much recent research has moved us towards elaborating the elements that will compose the foundation for a new paradigm. We describe some of these foundational elements from the perspective of migration scholars and with some attention to the research and theory of common property resource management scholars. While we are far from a conceptual framework that adequately incorporates all the variables in such complex relationships between humans and nature, there are common threads in the way researchers have addressed these questions. We believe that there is a timely convergence of ideas and demand for empirical evidence for understanding the relationship between population size, migration, consumption and the health and productivity of ecosystems. Much of this convergence has focused on coastal ecosystems: some of the most complicated, and increasingly most stressed, global environments. In this paper we explore a limited set of theoretical pathways from which hypotheses might be derived about the positive and negative impacts of population growth and migration upon the environment. We focus upon migration, in particular, since it is an understudied phenomenon in coastal areas, but the largest contributor to population growth in coastal areas (Cohen and Small 1998). We suggest three critical questions that need to be answered in order to link migration processes to coastal ecosystem health: 1) Who migrates? 2) How are they received in the place of destination? 3) And, do they maintain ties to their place of origin? In the
More on the Equivalence of statements presented in various media

From this study, these conclusions are warranted: 1. The majority of scales used in this study changed meaning according to the medium of presentation and/or the instrument of measurement. 2. Through comparison of factor analyses, scales can be selected which are relatively stable in their meaning across media being judged and measuring instruments. 3. The verbal media generally score higher than the pictorial media on scales measuring structure. The spoken media generally score higher than the written. 4. A picture generally scores higher in aesthetic evaluation than a verbal description of a picture. A spoken description scores higher than a written one. 5. Media relate to one another differently on different dimensions of judgment. In the two dimensions found here, the written was most like the pictorial in the structure factor; the spoken was most like the pictorial in the aesthetic evaluation factor. 6. Messages which evoke a given response when presented through a given medium will not necessarily evoke that response when presented through a different medium. 7. Latency scores for subsequent responses concerning a spoken presentation will be lower than for responses concerning a written presentation.
Cooled sacroiliac radiofrequency denervation for the treatment of pain secondary to tumor infiltration: a case-based focused literature review.

BACKGROUND: The sacroiliac (SI) joint is a common cause of low back pain, for which radiofrequency (RF) denervation has been shown to provide long-term relief. However, controversy exists surrounding the innervation, which treatment paradigm to utilize, and how best to select patients who might benefit. OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with terminal breast cancer and tumor infiltration of the sacroiliac joint who was treated with cooled RF of the sacral lateral branches as an end-of-life palliative measure. The objectives of this review are to provide insight into the innervation of the SI joint; address controversial issues surrounding the targeted nerves in a patient with transitional anatomy; outline risk-mitigation strategies; and highlight the need for individually tailored treatment plans. METHODS: Case-based focused literature review in a patient treated with cooled RF ablation of the L4-S3 primary dorsal rami and lateral branches. RESULTS: Treatment was tailored to facilitate the rapid treatment of this terminal patient by performing the prognostic blocks and RF ablation at the same visit. Until her death 5 days post-procedure, the patient reported significant pain relief and began to ambulate and use the bathroom on her own, activities she could not do before treatment. In addition to functional improvement, she was also able to significantly reduce her opioid intake. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of cooled SI joint RF ablation to treat cancer pain. Our patient's positive response to the procedure suggests the possibility that the lateral branches innervate not only the posterior ligaments, but also the bony articulation. The decision to proceed with RF ablation on the same day as a prognostic lateral branch block was based on our patient's terminal condition, and the fact that cooled RF does not require sensory stimulation to ensure proximity to the target nerves. Because of her transitional anatomy, we elected to target L4.
Critical RGC-Expected Survival models for predicting Survival of planted white fir (Abies concolor Lindl.) seedlings

Heretofore, only regression models using average RGC as the independent variable were available to predict the survival of planted seedlings. Now, however, Critical RGC-Expected Survival models are available. Each model predicts the survival of a population on sites with the same Critical RGC as specified by the model. Survival is predicted to equal the percent of the seedlings in the population that have RGCs≥ that Critical RGC. These models are validated by a chi-square goodness of fit test which determines the probability that the survival predictions made by a model agree with the survivals observed on a planting site. In validating a model, the harshness of the planting site is also quantified in terms of its Critical RGC. In this paper, three Critical RGC-Expected Survival models are validated, demonstrating that RGC controls survival on both harsh and gentle sites. On the harsher sites, the Critical RGC for survival was 40 cm; whereas on the gentler sites, it was 20 cm.
Self-assembled vertically aligned Ni nanopillars in CeO2 with anisotropic magnetic and transport properties for energy applications.

Self-assembled vertically aligned metal–oxide (Ni–CeO2) nanocomposite thin films with novel multifunctionalities have been successfully deposited by a one-step growth method. The novel nanocomposite structures presents high-density Ni-nanopillars vertically aligned in a CeO2 matrix. Strong and anisotropic magnetic properties have been demonstrated, with a saturation magnetization (Ms) of ∼175 emu cm−3 and ∼135 emu cm−3 for out-of-plane and in-plane directions, respectively. Such unique vertically aligned ferromagnetic Ni nanopillars in the CeO2 matrix have been successfully incorporated in high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) coated conductors as effective magnetic flux pinning centers. The highly anisotropic nanostructures with high density vertical interfaces between the Ni nanopillars and CeO2 matrix also promote the mixed electrical and ionic conductivities out-of-plane and thus demonstrate great potential as nanocomposite anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells and other potential applications requiring anisotropic ionic transport properties.
Chemo-Selection Strategy for Limited Proteolysis Experiments on the Proteomic Scale.

Described here is a chemo-selective enrichment strategy, termed the semitryptic peptide enrichment strategy for proteolysis procedures (STEPP), to isolate the semitryptic peptides generated in mass spectrometry-based proteome-wide applications of limited proteolysis methods. The strategy involves reacting the e-amino groups of lysine side chains and any N-termini created in the limited proteolysis reaction with isobaric mass tags. A subsequent digestion of the sample with trypsin and the chemo-selective reaction of the newly exposed N-termini of the tryptic peptides with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated agarose resin removes the tryptic peptides from solution, leaving only the semitryptic peptides with one nontryptic cleavage site generated in the limited proteolysis reaction for subsequent LC–MS/MS analysis. As part of this work, the STEPP technique is interfaced with two different proteolysis methods, including the pulse proteolysis (PP) and limited proteolysis (LiP) methods. The STEPP-PP workflow i...
Rates of and characteristics associated with food insecurity differ among undergraduate and graduate students at a large public university in the Southeast United States

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity and identify characteristics associated with food security status separately for undergraduate and graduate students. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 4819 students from a public flagship university in the Southeastern US. Students completed an online questionnaire assessing food security status over the past 12 months using the 10-item US Adult Food Security Survey Module and self-reported demographics and student characteristics. Data were collected in October and November of 2016. Analyses were stratified by student status (undergraduate or graduate). We calculated frequencies of food security status categories and used multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between food security status and student characteristics. Food insecurity rates were 25.2% for undergraduate and 17.8% for graduate students. Characteristics associated with food security status (p < .05) for undergraduates only were gender, year in school, receipt of financial aid, cooking frequency, perceived cooking skills, and having a meal plan. For graduate students only, characteristics included age, marital status, having dependent children, enrollment status, and body mass index. Characteristics associated with food security status across both groups included race/ethnicity, perceived health, international student, and employment status. While most prior studies of college food insecurity look only at undergraduate students or combine undergraduate and graduate students into one group, we found differences between undergraduate and graduate students. It is important to consider undergraduate and graduate students as two separate groups as strategies that would be most effective for addressing food insecurity may differ between them.
Smart in-vehicle technologies and older drivers: a scoping review

In-vehicle technologies may decrease crash risk in drivers with age-related declines. Researchers determined the impact of in-vehicle information systems (IVIS) or advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) on driving. Through a scoping review, the effect of IVIS or ADAS on older drivers' convenience (i.e., meets one's needs), comfort (i.e., physical or psychological ease), or safety (i.e., absence of errors or crashes) was examined. Researchers synopsized findings from 28 studies, including driving simulators and on-road environments. Findings indicated that IVIS or ADAS enhanced safety and mitigated age-related declines. Notably, IVIS may reduce cognitive workload, but may jeopardize safety if the systems are overly complicated. The ADAS enhanced safety and comfort by increasing speed control, lane maintenance, and braking responses. However, no studies addressed convenience. In-vehicle technologies may enhance safety and comfort while driving, if one's cognitive workload is not compromised. Naturalistic studies are needed to elucidate the risks and benefits of IVIS and ADAS for older drivers.
Additive manufacturing of precision optics at micro and nanoscale

In optical manufacturing, as an alternative, additive manufacturing processes have been gaining a lot of interest because of their unique capabilities in the fabrication of extremely complex shapes that was quite difficult or impossible in the past using traditional fabrication methods, such as precision machining, compression or injection molding processes. Additive manufacturing also provides extreme flexibility to the design and manufacturing of optical components compared to more traditional processes. Additive manufacturing can be utilized to fabricate single optical elementss or systems at both microscale or nanoscale level. Other advantages over conventional methods are less material waste and less time between design and manufacturing. Moreover, its capability in the manufacturing of multiple parts without assembly, although has not yet been completely developed, can be considered another advantage. Additive manufacturing of precision optics offers a solution to extremely high level of customization. At present stage, additive manufacturing of precision optical components excels at both microscale (microlens or micromirror) and nanoscale optical fabrication with most work conducted on the processes for microoptical components. Thus this review is mainly focused on discussions about optical fabrication at micro and nanoscale since the additive manufacturing processes available today are not easily scalable to large size optics. The limitations and achievements of these additive manufacturing methods for micro and nanoscale optical fabrication are discussed in details in the review as well. For applications of additive manufacturing of optics with nanoscale features, the processes reviewed include dip pen nanolithography, electrohydrodynamic jet printing, and direct laser writing. Additive manufacturing of precision optical devices has shown promising results in fabricating high performance optical components. The devices and systems consisting of these components have also demonstrated unique features and performance. Although the exact capability of this exciting technology is difficult to determine based on the existing information, the information available today clearly described a promising group of processes that could potentially revolutionize optical fabrication in the near future. However, before additive manufacturing can be further implemented, there are many unanswered questions and issues need to be resolved. These issues include, but are certainly not limited to, things such as index distribution, geometry, and volume shrinkage of the optical elements. The aim of this review is to provide a platform for researchers and industrial communities to engage and eventually implement this cutting edge manufacturing process and its associated products.
A’ingae (Cofán)

A’ingae (also known as Cofan or Kofan) is a language isolate spoken by approximately 1,500 people in 13 communities in Ecuador and Colombia (Figure 1). Traditionally, the A’i (speakers of A’ingae) lived in the Andean foothills, but over the past century they have migrated down the Aguarico and San Miguel rivers, founding communities at Dureno and Zabalo, where the language is most widely spoken. This migration was spurred in large part by extensive oil contamination; an issue of great concern to the Foundation for the Survival of the Cofan People (FSC) and the community at large (Cepek 2012: 103; 2018: 1–15). Another concern in the Cofan community is the decreasing use of A’ingae, which, according to Ethnologue (Simons & Fennig 2017), is ‘endangered’ in Ecuador and ‘severely endangered’ in Colombia as a growing emphasis on Spanish disincentivizes the younger generation from learning A’ingae.
Early experiences with triple immunochemotherapy in young adults with high-risk fibrolamellar carcinoma.

510Background: Fibrolamellar Carcinoma (FLC) is a rare liver cancer affecting young adults without underlying liver disease. Surgery is the only proven therapy, and recurrence is common. There are ...
Diagnosis and Classification

Many practitioners, including psychologists working in educational settings, feel they have little need to classify the emotional and behavioral disorders manifested by the disturbed children they serve. Many see diagnosis as a pseudo-scientific exercise having little practical payoff. Some view classification as unnecessary labeling, which casts a negative stigma on children. The types of diagnostic categories embodied in the third edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s (1983) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III), for example, often seem remote from everyday work with individual children. One might be tempted to ask “What use is diagnosis?”
Identifying environmental exposure profiles associated with timing of menarche: A two-step machine learning approach to examine multiple environmental exposures.

Abstract Background Variation in the timing of menarche has been linked with adverse health outcomes in later life. There is evidence that exposure to hormonally active agents (or endocrine disrupting chemicals; EDCs) during childhood may play a role in accelerating or delaying menarche. The goal of this study was to generate hypotheses on the relationship between exposure to multiple EDCs and timing of menarche by applying a two-stage machine learning approach. Methods We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for years 2005–2008. Data were analyzed for 229 female participants 12–16 years of age who had blood and urine biomarker measures of 41 environmental exposures, all with >70% above limit of detection, in seven classes of chemicals. We modeled risk for earlier menarche ( Results RF identified urinary concentrations of monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) as the most important feature in partitioning girls into homogenous subgroups followed by bisphenol A (BPA) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). In this first stage, we identified 11 distinct exposure biomarker profiles, containing five different classes of EDCs associated with earlier menarche. MEHP appeared in all 11 exposure biomarker profiles and phenols appeared in five. Using these profiles in the second-stage of analysis, we found a relationship between lower MEHP and earlier menarche (MEHP ≤ 2.36 ng/mL vs >2.36 ng/mL: adjusted PR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.80). Combinations of lower MEHP with benzophenone-3, 2,4-DCP, and BPA had similar associations with earlier menarche, though slightly weaker in those smaller subgroups. For girls not having lower MEHP, exposure profiles included other biomarkers (BPA, enterodiol, monobenzyl phthalate, triclosan, and 1-hydroxypyrene); these showed largely null associations in the second-stage analysis. Adjustment for covariates did not materially change the estimates or CIs of these models. We observed weak or null effect estimates for some exposure biomarker profiles and relevant profiles consisted of no more than two EDCs, possibly due to small sample sizes in subgroups. Conclusion A two-stage approach incorporating machine learning was able to identify interpretable combinations of biomarkers in relation to timing of menarche; these should be further explored in prospective studies. Machine learning methods can serve as a valuable tool to identify patterns within data and generate hypotheses that can be investigated within future, targeted analyses.
United in Love

The purpose of this design was to explore the potential of modular design for wearable art in order to inspire individuals to work together to achieve peace and unity. In response to social inequality and racial discrimination, this design was inspired by the existence of the United Nations (UN) organization and the aim of its members to foster cooperation and maintain world peace and security. Taking inspiration from the UN logo and an image of people clasping hands, a human body-shaped module was created to represent social equality. The laser cut modules from a blue suede fabric were then joined together through the slots on the sides to create the top. The color blue symbolizes this unity and peace. The skirt is in multiple colors to represent the rainbow of races and cultures around the world.
Qualities of Quality: A Tertiary Review of Software Quality Measurement Research.

This paper presents a tertiary review of software quality measurement research. To conduct this review, we examined an initial dataset of 7,811 articles and found 75 relevant and high-quality secondary analyses of software quality research. Synthesizing this body of work, we offer an overview of perspectives, measurement approaches, and trends. We identify five distinct perspectives that conceptualize quality as heuristic, as maintainability, as a holistic concept, as structural features of software, and as dependability. We also identify three key challenges. First, we find widespread evidence of validity questions with common measures. Second, we observe the application of machine learning methods without adequate evaluation. Third, we observe the use of aging datasets. Finally, from these observations, we sketch a path toward a theoretical framework that will allow software engineering researchers to systematically confront these weaknesses while remaining grounded in the experiences of developers and the real world in which code is ultimately deployed.
English poetry and modern Arabic verse: translation and modernity

No poem had a stronger influence, real or perceived, on modernist Arabic poetry than did T.S. Eliot's Waste Land (1922). The poem has been retranslated a handful of times, and both the translations...
Sex differences in lower extremity kinematics during overhead and single leg squat tests

The Overhead Squat (OHS) and Single-Leg Squat (SLS) are two clinical tests used by practitioners to identify high-risk biomechanical movement patterns. Several published studies have reported sex d...
Thermal Wave and Raman Measurement of Polycrystalline Diamond Film Quality

The measurement of the thermal properties of thin films and small samples are difficult, if not impossible, when using conventional thermal measurement techniques [1–3]. Such methods typically require extensive sample preparation and have many potential sources of error (e.g. contacts, absolute temperature measurement, emissivity, etc.). Measurement of the thermal conductivity of a thin film is especially difficult, when that film resides on a substrate that also has a reasonably good thermal conductivity, such as polycrystalline diamond on silicon. In this paper, we present a brief introduction to the Mirage Effect Thermal Wave Technique and demonstrate the application of that technique to the making of such thin polycrystalline diamond film measurements. We present experimental results for polycrystalline diamond films on silicon that show that a correlation exists between the “graphitic” content of a thin diamond film, as estimated by Raman spectroscopy, and the thermal diffusivity (conductivity) of those films.
THE COSTA RICAN AMPARO IN THE PERIOD 1950-1962

tection of constitutional rights other than those embraced in habeas corpus, the Costa Rican ambiente imports significant differences into the functioning of its amparo. The rule of law may be said to hold sway in Costa Rica to a greater extent than in many Latin American countries. Costa Rica achieved independence from Spain without a revolution. The particular way in which it did so may have averted the "legitimacy vacuum"2 experienced by Latin America generally. A Cabildo Abierto, which included delegates from all ayuntamientos in the colony, was convened in Cartago to subscribe to the Act of Independence and to call elections for delegates to a Junta de Legados. The Spanish Governor of the province presided over the Cabildo and surrendered power directly to the Junta de Legados two weeks later, at which time he also sailed for Spain.3 Peralta finds in this non-revolutionary succession of governments the seed of Costa Rica's long-lived constitutional tradition.4 Since the Constitution of 1949, Costa Rica's elections have been fair and regular, a circumstance which continues to insure the stability and perceived legitimacy of its governments.5 Thus, the Costa Rican judiciary is not called upon to legitimate the government in power nor to save a society where Judge Hand's "spirit of moderation" is gone. Stability in Costa Rica derives also from the relative absence of authoritarianism. There the Legislative branch of government dominates. The Executive is much weaker than in most of Latin America so that the Costa Rican president is far from a patron or caudillo.6 In the absence
Should Elder Abuse Be Decriminalized

The movement to provide protective services for the elderly has brought about elder abuse legislation that provides criminal sanctions for elder abuse and failure to report suspected cases. This paper addresses the current and potential problems of criminalization of a social service and regulatory issue. It includes a discussion of definition and criminal intent issues as they relate to the problem of elder abuse. The position taken by the author is that the criminalization of the elder abuse problem may hamper efforts of the adult protective services worker.
On embedding infinite cyclic covers in compact 3-manifolds

We show that there are knots whose infinite cyclic covers do not embed in any compact 3-manifold, answering a question of Jiang et al. (2006).
Execution lags and imperfect arbitrage

Abstract This paper presents a simple equilibrium model of stock index arbitrage with endogenous execution lags. We show that the resulting execution or immediacy risk reduces arbitrage activity and causes price differences between the two markets to persist.
Getting Our Priorities Straight: One Strand of the Regulatory Reform Debate

This article seeks to clarify the conceptual basis for the claim that regulatory priorities are seriously askew, a claim that has played a prominent role in the ongoing regulatory reform debate. It develops a theoretical framework clarifying the meaning of priority setting. It claims that the regulatory reform debate has paid little attention to the information most obviously relevant to determining whether serious priority setting defects exist. And regulatory reformers principle recommendation for improving priority setting, increased use of cost-benefit analysis in regulatory proceedings, has, at best, a tenuous connection with priority setting. Regulatory reformers have conflated concerns about excessively stringent regulation with concerns about setting priorities. This article clarifies the relationship between these concerns.
Electronically distributed, computer-generated, individualized feedback enhances the use of a computerized practice guideline.

Abstract Clinical guidelines have been developed to assist with the management of patient care; however, these guidelines are frequently neglected in clinical practice. Computer-generated reminders enhance guideline use, but these systems often fail to achieve high rates of guideline utilization. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that computer-generated, individualized feedback regarding adherence to care guidelines will significantly improve clinician compliance with guideline recommendations presented through a computer-assisted management protocol. Half of the 45 primary care clinicians employed at a primary care clinic affiliated with an academic medical center, were randomized to receive a biweekly electronic mail message consisting of a computer-generated report summarizing his/her response to care guideline recommendations for the diabetic patients seen during the previous 2 weeks. Clinician compliance with guideline recommendations was the primary outcome measure. This study demonstrated that the intervention significantly increased clinician compliance with the guideline recommendations without incurring high maintenance expenses. Median compliance among the intervention group was 35% versus 6.1% among the control group (p < 0.01). Electronically distributed, computer-generated, individualized feedback regarding clinician use of care guideline recommendations is an effective way to enhance compliance with a care guideline.
Phylogenomic analysis of vertebrate thrombospondins reveals fish-specific paralogues, ancestral gene relationships and a tetrapod innovation

Thrombospondins (TSPs) are evolutionarily-conserved, extracellular, calcium-binding glycoproteins with important roles in cell-extracellular matrix interactions, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis and connective tissue organisation. Five TSPs, designated TSP-1 through TSP-5, are encoded in the human genome. All but one have known roles in acquired or inherited human diseases. To further understand the roles of TSPs in human physiology and pathology, it would be advantageous to extend the repertoire of relevant vertebrate models. In general the zebrafish is proving an excellent model organism for vertebrate biology, therefore we set out to evaluate the status of TSPs in zebrafish and two species of pufferfish. We identified by bioinformatics that three fish species encode larger numbers of TSPs than vertebrates, yet all these sequences group as homologues of TSP-1 to -4. By phylogenomic analysis of neighboring genes, we uncovered that, in fish, a TSP-4-like sequence is encoded from the gene corresponding to the tetrapod TSP-5 gene. Thus, all TSP genes show conservation of synteny between fish and tetrapods. In the human genome, the TSP-1, TSP-3, TSP-4 and TSP-5 genes lie within paralogous regions that provide insight into the ancestral genomic context of vertebrate TSPs. A new model for TSP evolution in vertebrates is presented. The TSP-5 protein sequence has evolved rapidly from a TSP-4-like sequence as an innovation in the tetrapod lineage. TSP biology in fish is complicated by the presence of additional lineage- and species-specific TSP paralogues. These novel results give deeper insight into the evolution of TSPs in vertebrates and open new directions for understanding the physiological and pathological roles of TSP-4 and TSP-5 in humans.
Role of Prototype System Demonstrations in the Development of Detection-Based Wmd Defenses

Demonstration of system prototypes in realistic user environments is a critical element in the maturation of detection-based systems employed for defense against Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) attacks. The United States Department of Homeland Security utilizes structured efforts called Domestic Demonstration and Application Programs (DDAPs) to overcome the diverse barriers associated with moving laboratory technologies into useable, end-toend systems. In this talk, specific examples, drawn principally from the major DDAPs concerned with the chemical and biological defense of transportation facilities, will illustrate the key issues and payoffs. System demonstrations and prototype deployments play important roles for the diverse participants in the development process, including technologists, commercial suppliers, end users, and government funding agencies. The deployments identify environmental and operational problems that impact system utility. The involvement of users is key to determination of realistic operational concepts and requirements. The prototype deployments also provide incentives for private sector investments in detector development and in other enabling technologies. In some cases, prototype deployments have evolved directly into full-scale, operational systems. These initial operational systems have then provided the basis for subsequent technology changes to improve operability and reduce costs. Two DDAPs that have already grown into operational, deployed systems are the Biological Aerosol Sentry and Information System (BASIS) for wide-area, detect-to-treat, biological defense and the Program for Response Options and Technology Ehancements for Chemical Terrorism (PROTECT) system for subway, detect-to-warn, chemical defense. The PROTECT program has been succeeded by the PROACT program which is focused on the biological defense of airports and BASIS is the foundation for the nation’s BioWatch defense system. The importance of DDAPs and other demonstration programs is underscored by their relative growth as a fraction of the US Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology effort.
Enhanced data detection employing compressed sensing In wireless communications

A framework and algorithm employing compressed sensing (CS) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed. A compressive iterative interference cancellation for OFDM signal is presented. Prior knowledge of communication system is exploited to enhance data detection performance. Simulation results indicate that such an advanced data detection and receiver yields significant gains in bit error rate (BER) at low sampling rates.
AntWorld: A Collaborative Web Search Tool

We describe our experiences designing and using AntWorld, a tool developed to make it easier for the members of a common-interest user group to collaborate in searching the web. It is hoped that this report may be of interest to designers of similar systems, as well as to potential users.
Design and construction of a high sensitivity self-shielded relaxometer

An MPI spectrometer [1-3] measures the harmonics generated when a nonlinear SPIO is excited by a sinusoidal field. The harmonic peak spectrum allows for comparing SPIOs spatial resolution, since the harmonics are related to the modulation transfer function of the MPI imaging PSF [4-5]. It is also powerful to directly measure the point-spread function (PSF) by using the x-space MPI image reconstruction method [5-6], which has been shown to be equivalent to System Matrix reconstruction [7]. Here we describe a new design for an x-space relaxometer to increase sensitivity.
THE NEW POLICY CHALLENGES OF FINANCIAL SERVICES GLOBALIZATION

Can nation states cope with numerous public policy challenges–ranging from regional financial crises to the failures of large financial services firms–posed by today's globalized financial and monetary landscape? As Benjamin Cohen has argued “governments must consciously adapt to a dramatic transformation of their status, from monopolists to oligopolists, if they are to adequately represent the interests of all their citizens in monetary affairs.” This article briefly examines the nature of the policy challenges facing states and reviews the findings of symposium contributors who explored the national, regional and international responses of states to the fast moving global financial and monetary developments.
High-Fidelity, Weak-Light Polarization Gate Using Room-Temperature Atomic Vapor

Using a polarization-selective-Kerr-phase-shift technique we demonstrate a fast, high-fidelity polarization gate using a room-temperature atomic medium with a record low control light intensity, opening possible applications in advanced telecommunications and information processing.
Ki67 as a Biomarker of Prognosis and Prediction: Is it Ready for Use in Routine Pathology Practice?

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the search for effective markers to design therapeutic strategies and patient management algorithms is still a work in progress. Ki67, a proliferative marker, has gained attention as a prognostic and predictive factor in early breast cancer and/or to decide response to chemotherapy. Individual studies and meta-analyses have provided evidence of its usefulness in this regard. Immunohistochemical staining Ki67 has emerged as an easy and cheap tool to assess proliferation in laboratory setting. However, debate continues over its meaningful clinical use, given the lack of standardization of staining techniques and firm recommendations about pre-analytical tissue handling, interpretation of the stain, and methods to estimate Ki67, resulting in high interlaboratory and interobserver variability. Importantly, no consensus has been reached on the cut-off values for risk stratification. The Breast Cancer Working Group proposed guidelines for immunohistochemical evaluation of Ki67 in 2011. However, the follow-up study showed poor reproducibility even among experts, and the use of Ki67 in daily practice is still in question.
Design and calibration of single-camera catadioptric omnistereo system for miniature aerial vehicles (MAVs)

Stereo system plays an important role in the navigation of MAVs. In this paper, we design a single-camera catadioptric omnistereo system for MAV, which consists of one hyperboloidal mirror, one hyperboloidal-planar combined mirror, and one conventional camera. System parameters are optimized based on the analysis of constraints and each parameter's influence on performance. Projective model of this system is derived, which provides a foundation for sphere-based calibration algorithm. It calibrates not only the conventional camera parameters, but also the mirror parameters. We also prove that a minimum of two spheres are needed to calibrate the seven parameters.
Complexation and solubilization of acronine with alkylgentisates

Abstract The complexation of acronine with gentisate, and 3-methyl, 4-methyl, 3-ethyl, and 4-ethyl-substituted gentisates was studied by solubility techniques in aqueous solutions at 25°C. In all cases both 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 (acronine : gentisate) complexes were found and apparent increases in the solubility of acronine were observed with 3-methyl-gentisate bringing about the largest increase. Both the nature of the substituent and its position were important in the complexation and the effects appear to be due to opposing steric and hydrophobie contributions.
High Hole-Mobility Strained- $\hbox{Ge/Si}_{0.6} \hbox{Ge}_{0.4}$ P-MOSFETs With High-K/Metal Gate: Role of Strained-Si Cap Thickness

Low-field effective hole mobility of highly strained (~2.4%, biaxial) germanium-channel (7.8 nm-thick) p-MOSFETs with high-K/metal gate stack has been experimentally investigated. Devices with various ultrathin strained-Si cap layer thicknesses, as thin as ~8 A, show excellent capacitance-voltage characteristics with no hysteresis or frequency dispersion and hole mobility enhancement of more than 6.5X over Si universal and 2.3X over similar devices with no strained-Si cap, at Eeff = 0.6 MV/cm. The influence of the strained-Si cap thickness on the hole mobility is also studied. The mobility increases with increasing Si cap thickness up to ~1.8 nm (with a peak mobility of 940 cm2/Vs at this cap thickness) consistent with a reduction in remote Coulombic scattering.
Gender, pronouns and thought: The ligature between epicene pronouns and a more neutral gender perception

Previous studies have established that, in languages without epicene pronouns such as English, speakers overwhelmingly construe putatively generic terms such as ‘mankind’ as masculine, and that similar results hold for the construal of referents denoted by supposedly generic uses of masculine pronouns. What has not been addressed in the literature is whether speakers of languages without epicene pronouns exhibit greater androcentrism in the construal of non-gendered stimuli, even without being prompted with gender-biased terms. The results of two cross-linguistic tasks on gender construal are discussed here. Subjects were shown cartoons of non-gendered figures and asked to name the figures after a short linguistically-oriented distracter task. Patterns in the naming task suggest that speakers of English exhibit more androcentrism in their construal of gender-neutral stimuli, when contrasted to speakers of Karitiâna, a language that relies heavily on epicene pronoun usage.
Optimization of blended virtual and actual metrology schemes

There are two competing costs that occur in off line semiconductor processing metrology. One is the cost of operating the metrology tool, and the other is the loss in terms of processing cost and yield due to the time lapse between the occurrence and the correction of a process fault. Virtual metrology (VM) is an alternative scheme which takes data produced by the processing tool in real time (e.g. plasma etching data during isolation trench formation) and predicts an outcome of the wafer (e.g. critical dimension of the trench) utilizing an empirical model. Although VM prediction quality is not as good as that of conventional metrology, it produces an immediate, low cost prediction for each wafer going through a process. In real life, we envision that practical metrology schemes will involve a synergistic blend of VM and actual metrology, the latter being used for the needed periodic recalibration of the VM empirical model. In this work, we formulate the costs associated with Type I and Type II errors that result from a blended metrology scheme, and propose a general framework that can be used to quickly lead to the optimal design of such schemes given the characteristics of the process in question. We also explore the effects of a faulty process (by means of mean shift) on the cost analysis.
Disturbances of metabolism associated with head injuries.

Diabetes is a wonderful affection, not very frequent among men, being a melting down of the flesh and limbs into urine. Its cause is of a cold and humid nature as in dropsy. The course is the common one, namely the kidneys and bladder; for the patients never stop making water, but the flow is incessant, as if from the opening of aqueducts. The nature of the disease, then, is chronic, and it takes a long period to form; but the patient is short-lived, if the constitution of the disease be completely established; for the melting is rapid, the death . . .
Combustion stability in an annular gas combustor.

The conditions for either stable or oscillatory combustion are determined analytically for a burning mixture of ideal gases in an annular combustion zone. The mixture, flowing steadily in the axial direction, is perturbed by a small-amplitude, tangentially propagating pressure disturbance. The rate of energy release is described by an Arrhenius function. The stability of the system is governed by an amplif cation coefficient that reflects the effects due to the rate of energy release and the convective transport of energy. The stability criterion is employed to evaluate the effects of changes in the system parameters on the combustion stability. A critical value of the Arrhenius exponent is determined which exists at a line demarcating regions of stable and oscillatory combustion; it is a function of the flowfield variables, the specific-heat ratio, and the reaction rate frequency factor. A partial, qualitative verification of the stability trends predicted by the analysis is provided by the known stability behavior of premixed gases burned in cylindrical and annular combustors.
Growing Pains from Rapid Growth: A Historical Case Study of George Fox University from 1983 to 2003.

This article is a historical case study of George Fox University (GFU) in Newberg, Oregon. Using organizational lifecycle as a theoretical framework, George Fox University had a long and delayed childhood in that it remained a small and struggling institution for most of the 20th century, and then experienced rapid growth in the late 1980s. This qualitative research project involved interviews with 72 current and former faculty and administrators that worked at the university during this time of rapid growth. Findings are that growth was attributed to five major reasons: (a) the entrepreneurial style of the president; (b) new marketing and recruitment strategies; (c) development of new undergraduate programs; (d) development of graduate programs; and (e) mergers and acquisitions. Implications of these findings for other Christian colleges are discussed with qualifications focused around geographic location near a major metropolitan area, demographics of high school graduates and adults seeking graduate pr...